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Both forests and woodlands play vital roles in supporting national economies and local communities through harvesting of resources , provision of habitats and services derived from the ecosystem . Focusing on poetry by women from the fifteenth century to the mid-nineteenth , the editor claims to " supply a want which must have been frequently experienced by every student of our literary annals . The countries of the Horn of Africa and the Sahel are most prone to drought ; those of Western and Central Africa experience flooding periodically . Lawrence took as his heroes brooding Byronic types , men of the world , equally adept at the arts of love and war , intellectual but more importantly strong and brave and usually doomed to an early but unquestionably heroic death . The Rev. Sydney Smith ( 1771-1845 ) , one of the founders of the Edinburgh Review , was an essayist and bon viveur with high social connections who was famous for his witty challenges to political , social , and religious orthodoxies . The American Tract Society was the most prolific producer of this type of volume , producing over a million a year by 1850 , with the aim of teaching non-denominational evangelical Christianity . The Prix Sasakawa du PNUE is awarded every year to individuals with an established track record of achievement and the potential to make outstanding contributions to the protection and management of the environment consistent with UNEP ’ s policies and objectives . By the 1890 's , the French artists Jules Cheret and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , the Czech Alphonse Mucha , and the American Edward Penfield had married lettering and images to advertise both entertainment ( caberet and circus ) and commercial products . The WHO , in a large-scale risk assessment that combined the results of many studies , compared the global burden of illness and premature death from major risk factors , including outdoor air pollution , tobacco smoking , unsafe water and sanitation and others . In both cases , there is a direct inverse relationship between infant mortality and the increasing percentage of the population that has access to safe water and sanitation . These countries have pursued policies to create a demand for these technologies , including access to the electric grid at attractive prices ; low-cost financing ; tax incentives and other subsidies ; standards ; education and stakeholder involvement ( Salwin 2004 ) . At the same time , an increasingly liberalized economic environment was accompanied by a devaluation of the local currency , and a considerable increase in inflation rates . In the wake of the abortive Mazzinian revolution at Palermo on April 4 , 1860 , Cavour contacted La Masa , a moderate Sicilian republican , suggesting that he , rather than Garibaldi - - whom Cavour believed to be too strongly influenced by Mazzini and his followers - - should lead an expedition to overthrow the Bourbon regime in Sicily . The IUCN Red List is widely recognized as an authoritative and objective system for classifying species by their risk of extinction , with threat status categories ranging from Least Concern to Extinct . In those swift-flowing muddy waters below her were many people who were not so lucky . The current state of the African environment , and the vulnerability of large populations in the region to environmental and human-induced disasters , pose an additional challenge to studies of the environment . Urban air pollution , meanwhile , isestimated to be responsible for approximately 800 000 premature deaths every year ( Cohen and others 2004 ) . Drier soils caused by increased evaporation due to warming were expected in Southwest USA , Mexico , Central America , the Mediterranean , Australia and Southern Africa in every season . We have used both imagination and science as ingredients for generating effective scenarios , and we have made quantitative assumptions across a range of dimensions : eco-nomic growth and struc-ture , popula-tion , technology , resources and the environment . The theme Give Earth a Chance calls on each and every one of us to contribute to the healing of the ailing planet . Economic instruments in support of agricultural policy goals are , arguably , those that have had the most detrimental effect on the environment . Those who are least vulnerable cope the best and enjoy security , while the opposite applies to those households , communities or broader populations who are most vulnerable and who stand to lose the most from the effects of environmental change and other risks , shocks or stresses .