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Research Activities : Students participate in a weekly research seminars , organized especially for them , to hear presentations from scientists on campus and to present their research to the group for discussion . Early in each cruise the technicians and Chief Scientist discuss and decide how the technician 's working hours can be arranged to provide the most effective level of support . I conclude that published papers are important not merely , perhaps not even primarily , as a means of communicating a result to other scientists . If you're a working scientist these days , you have no choice but to use presentation software . ( A pro might have got away with claiming that there were more gold-hoarding heathens to convert once flying machines were available , but Galileo was a scientist constrained by the data . We hope you will take advantage of this new source of science research , much of it from leading scientists reporting on their work prior to publication . As the scientists struggle with infra-red spectroscopy , argon gas and titanium encasements to freeze the physical documents in time , in the end it is the power of these Charters of Freedom — the words and ideas — which will withstand the test of time . viewing Apartheid with a scientist 's eye ... discovered that processes operating today form the knowledge base that scientists use to infer past environments and physical processes and that past events continue to determine present conditions .