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Research is a requirement of most graduate degrees and is a prerequisite for earning a doctorate . For example , active tracheal breathing in the head and thorax among insects may have played an important role in the evolution of terrestrial locomotion and flight in insects , and be a prerequisite for oxygen delivery to complex sensory systems and the brain , the authors say . Accurate assessment of virulence of soilborne pathogens is necessary for monitoring changes in the genetic makeup within the pathogen population and is a prerequisite for effective plant breeding programs for resistance . This two-day course introduces basic effects and is a prerequisite for the 305 Advanced Avid Media Composer Effects course .