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Comparisons may be qualitative or quantitative . An evaluation system was included that provided a combination of qualitative and quantitative research data . Eisenhart ( 1990 ) provide five general standards for qualitative and quantitative educational research , specifically , that there be : 1 ) a fit between research questions and data collection and analysis techniques ; 2 ) the effective application of specific data collection and analysis techniques ; 3 ) an alertness to and coherence of background assumptions ; 4 ) an overall warrant ; and 5 ) an awareness of both external and internal value constraints . In the second chapter some fundamental aspects of teaching system dynamics are dicussed , concerning questions like qualitative vs. quantitative models , discrete vs. continuous modelling , the choice of the proper software-product for numerical simulation , etc. Then you wo n't be amazed when you discover that economics , except for some very broad qualitative but not terribly deep theory , is closer to a religion than a science . Back to top 8.6 Choosing data gathering techniques A general principle | Sources of data | A variety of methods | Factors to consider in selecting data gathering methods | Need for robustness and flexibility The questions you propose to ask will determine the sorts of data you require ( whether it be qualitative or quantitative data ) . Qualitative and quantitative evidence clearly reveals that the initial context surrounding the implementation of the CPR system did not match with the long prescribed " ideal " implementation scenario . The task of the scientists is to reveal the underlying processes of agricultural and economic development and its impacts and to give qualitative or quantitative forecasts of the consequences of large projects . Qualitative and quantitative results from a realistic calibration for the U.S. economy show that monetary shocks tend to have larger and more persistent real effects in heterogeneous economies , when compared to identical-firms economies with similar degrees of nominal and real rigidity . Acknowledgment may include logos and slogans that do not contain qualitative or comparative descriptions of the non-University party 's products , services , facilities or company ; a list of such party 's locations , telephone numbers , or Internet address ; value-neutral descriptions , including displays or visual depictions , of the party 's product-line or services ; and the party 's brand or trade names and product or service listings . The results comprise interferograms of jets and flow fields , which provide both qualitative and quantitative information about air jets .