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Two of the most important transfer mechanisms are voluntary investment of physical and human capital by farmers and landlords in other sectors and " invisible transfers " brought about by lower food prices . And in all disciplines , loyalties extend to what have been called the " invisible academies " of professional associations . They have been called " invisible governments . Similarly RSF enables you to write a portlet without seeing any portlet code , or indeed an " X " without any " X " code in general - for want of a better label this is the " Spring " philosophy of " invisible frameworks " , but RSF takes traditional IoC further by allowing request-scope IoC using a lightweight Spring clone , RSAC to " clean the areas Spring cannot reach " . His research interests include Japanese colonial literature , the Cold War in East Asia , and Nihongo bungaku ( diasporic writing in Japanese ) , as well as the racialization and gendering of zainichi Koreans ( Korean residents of Japan ) as “ invisible men ” in postwar Japanese literature , film , and popular culture , upon which his thesis focuses .