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[lemma=both] □?
The designs will be tested both in vitro and in vivo . Physical aspects of viral life cycles : ours is a joint group [ co-directed by Professor Charles M. Knobler ] doing theory and experiment on representative viruses from the bacterial , plant , and animal kingdoms , focusing on the generic properties of their structures and replication , both in vitro and in vivo . Using both in vitro systems and laboratory animals , they investigate the cell-specific expression and regulation of these enzymes , their intracellular trafficking , mode / site of association and activation , and their interaction with the substrates they cleave . The analyses showed that these antibodies were as effective , or more , as those produced by " protected " African adults in eliminating the parasites , both in vitro in cultures as well as in vivo in a humanised mouse model .