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How is it possible to make one single line of independent progress out of the antique philosophy , which up to Plato constituted about all the science there was , then out of scholasticism made over by theology with an almost complete absence of science , then out of that philosophy of the 17th century which was a sort of mental exploration running parallel with the new contemporaneous science based on experiment and observation , and finally out of that new criticism which tends to make of philosophy a mere summary of the special knowledge of the individual sciences , which have become so widely differentiated ? And while I acquired this knowledge in the best way that I could , I was neither compelled nor permitted to confound the line of development germane to historical materialism , in other words , to confound the meaning of evolution in this concrete case with that almost diseased condition of some people 's brains , especially in Italy , which leads them to speak of a Madona Evolution and to worship her . Probably no area of Scottish studies covering the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been more neglected than chapbook literature . In Memoriam is both an elegy to Tennyson 's college friend Arthur Henry Hallam , who died suddenly in Vienna in 1833 , and a prolonged meditation on religious belief , modern science , and the significance of the individual life . In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the United States did not recognize copyright for books published in other countries , so American publishers had no difficulty printing editions of Burns 's works . Am I to affirm and swear that Marxism is not the universal science , and that the things which it studies are not the universe .