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The roots are bitter , stunted , and deformed with tiny , hair-like roots developing all over the main root . In western Minnesota , where the native pH of the soil is greater than 7.0 , amending the soil to a suitable range is not possible . A well-timed insecticide application can help reduce an iris borer infestation . Japanese beetles , Popillia japonica , are an introduced species . Like a plastic tree guard , it should be pushed into the soil to prevent entry of voles . Harvest and Storage Apples The redness of an apple is not a good indicator of its ripeness . Conditions which keep the soil moist , such as overwatering , poor soil drainage , inadequate light , and crowding of plants , favor the development of root rot . For now , however , sanitation ( promptly removing and destroying fallen fruit and leaves ) , cultural practices designed to promote optimum tree health , and perhaps occasional physical or chemical intervention are all that is normally needed to obtain a satisfying crop in most years . However , if only part of the crown is infected , the damaged tissue can be cut out and the healthy crown section replanted in a well-drained location . Following an incubation period , the phytoplasma is transferred to healthy plants during leafhopper feeding . Pruning the trunk back in this way is intended to induce branching that will result in scaffold branch options the following year . It is also possible to match displacement in the near field with other geodetic data to obtain the necessary constraints . Later , these spots become large , tan lesions , with red margins . By tracking the progressive tumescence of these reservoirs , volcanologists can anticipate most eruptions . The quality of the fruit from these disease-resistant trees is acceptable , although it may not measure up to that of some other varieties recommended in Table 1 for zones 4a and 4b . Excessive pruning should be avoided because it greatly reduces the crop for that year . By this we mean that , within a given pixel , the position of radar scatterers has not changed to any significant degree , but the ensemble of scatterers ( i.e ., the entire ground surface within that pixel , as well as some adjacent ones ) has moved up , down , or sideways in some correlated fashion . The soil may settle an inch or two . In general , these insects do not kill the plant , but may stunt or kill parts , affect flowering , or cause aesthetic damage . For these reasons , it is necessary to acquire dense temporal and spatial sampling of crustal movements . Foliar nematodes are an emerging problem on a host of landscape plants in Minnesota . The differential phase contains information on the range change to the radar antenna , thus providing information on the surface change , precise to a fraction of a radar wavelength , or to a few millimeters to centimeters for typical radars . For most volcanoes , even for ones that are fairly well monitored , we are a long way from answering these questions . The symptoms of blight caused by this fungus , Phytophthora cactorum , may be confused with the symptoms produced by Botrytis sp.