[tag=NN] | [word=To | tag=NNS] | [lemma=berlin] [□=□]
[tag=NN] | [word=To | tag=NNS] | [lemma=berlin] [tag=□]
[tag=NN] | [word=To | tag=NNS] | [lemma=berlin] [lemma=□]
Investment in urban infrastructure is essential to mitigate existing problems and to prevent exacerbation of the pressures exerted on urban areas by rapid population growth and migration . There is still need for improved engineering of stoves to achieve efficiency and health objectives , as well as meet local cooking needs and cost constraints . Exposed to the effects of extreme weather events , our livelihood and traditions as island people , in fact our whole civilization , are under greater threat than ever before . The refugees , the host community and aid agencies participated in plastic waste collection , tree planting efforts , solar cooking competitions and football matches . Energyrelated emissions are released through the entire spectrum of energy activities , from upstream emissions during fossil fuel extraction and production to end-use emissions from fossil fuels burned for transport , heating , cooking and the like . One of the great achievements of the 20th century was the successful expansion of food production to keep pace with growing demand caused by growing populations and rising incomes . The agriculture sector highlights perhaps more clearly than any other the extent and severity of potential impacts of climate change on food production , food security , lost livelihoods , environmental damage and environmental migration . Globally , sea level rise and agricultural disruption will not be the only causes of human migration . For example , desertification and drought are directly linked to poverty , food and water shortages , conflict and mass migration . Fortress World scenario : as socioeconomic and environmental stresses mount , the world descends toward fragmentation , extreme inequality and widespread conflict ; and Great Transitions scenario : a new development paradigm emerges in response to the challenge of sustainability , distinguished by pluralism , planetary solidarity , and new values and institutions . Women may spend as much as three to seven hours per day by the cooking fire , exposed to smoke , often with young children nearby ( ESMAP 2004 ) . In many developing countries , genderascribed roles entrenched within the social and cultural fabric mean that women and girls are often responsible for fuel collection and cooking .