[!tag=DT] [!□] □
[!tag=DT] [!□=□] □
[!tag=DT] [!(□ | □)] □
A recent study by the Information Technology Association of America notes that one job in ten in the general information technology ( IT ) area is currently going unfilled ( ITAA , 1977 ; and Oracle , 1997 ) . We feel that this complex site allocation case , including our step by step procedure , is a very effective tool for confronting students with all aspects of the GIS problem solving procedure . If I had , it would have been my obligation to report them in writing to a higher authority , and I would certainly have done that . The current literature therefore tends to encourage single loop learning ( i.e. bringing about corrective action within existing guidelines ) , but largely overlooks the important but gradual contribution that research can make for double loop learning ( i.e. independent and critical debate ) . Alternatively you can have an environment where there is research genuinely being done on the outside and impacting on the general debate which then impacts on policy-makers . If such an interaction occurred , it would have had to have taken place in April 1992 during Senator Kerry 's visit to southeast Asia as a member of the Senate Select Committee on POW-MIA Affairs . Yet to an uninvolved onlooker who had seen her hoof straight to the first cab , it would have appeared she was deliberately placing herself ahead of others . In the Indian context , which is closer to a more adversarial context where there is a high degree of participation in policy debate , one of the most important things is the ability of the researchers to impact on the debate directly .