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If the sample size is not sufficiently large to conduct a subgroup analysis , the window for case selection may be enlarged . K = sqrt [ 1 + r ( b-1 ) ] where b is the number of individuals per cluster ( the assumption of equal cluster size seems not so important as long as there are no outliers ) and r is the coefficient of intraclass correlation ( ICC ) , and SDcorrected = SD * K. For that to work , of course , you need to have not only sample size , but number of groups ( e.g . The desire here is to have an environment that is not completely regimented . It 's not that you ca n't fix it yourself , it 's just that you have n't already solved this problem so the pattern is not obviously apparent to you , and you ca n't budget the time to exhaustively work through it . It 's not just acceptable to talk about re-engineering business processes at the federal level , where you're talking about an internal federal department , but not re-engineer the business processes to provide efficiencies between federal and state government .