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Typically , the lowest level of decomposition consists of individual optics ( lenses , mirrors , filters ) , individual electronics cards ( unless application specific integrated circuits , or ASICs , are involved , in which case individual circuits are modeled ) , and actuators and machined parts of mechanisms . This applet allows users to simulate standard optic elements ( lens , mirror , dielectrics , sources , apertures ) and observe the ways that light rays propagate through these elements .