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Getting the involvement of companies in such projects is also very difficult . The study of infertility ( and fecundability ) is complicated by the fact that it includes a number of components that may have different causes . The root of the word " advocate " is the Latin word " vocare , " which means " to call . The percent of mothers who smoked in this study was also similar to that reported in other Swedish studies , so that underreporting of smoking during pregnancy cannot explain the lack of an association . Students come to law from other professions , from the study of many other disciplines , from communities across the country and around the world — both communities based on proximity and those based on affinity . Much the same way he talks of " American Blend " where he stars with the likes of Dee Wallace Stone and Kristin Erickson . Some of the concerns centered around issues that were specific to the study of ETS exposure and lung cancer , including misclassification bias of smokers as nonsmokers and the extent of such misclassification . While the study of law presents new vocabularies , skills , and ideas , that study does not require leaving scholarly , professional , and personal histories at the door . Information on parental smoking before , during , and after the index pregnancy was obtained : there was no increase or decrease in the percent of case and control parents who did not smoke in the year during which the index subject was born compared to the two previous years , and only minor changes in the percent of case and control fathers and mothers who smoked less than a pack / day versus greater than a pack / day during these two time periods . There was no difference in the percent of mothers of children with cancer who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day ( 37.4 % ) compared to mothers of controls ( 38.0 % ) . In our evaluation of the methodologic issues related to the study of ETS exposure , we will focus on the sources of cases and controls , the methods used to obtain information on the exposures of interest , the verification of the exposures of interest and of the diagnosis of lung cancer , and the consideration of potential confounding variables in the analysis of ETS exposure .