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Through the use of a perfect multiplier a model is developed in order that the noise figure of a sample and hold device can be predicted . Such operations may be implemented in either software or hardware and the structuring of the computations makes the use of a finite field multiplier implemented in hardware particularly efficient . If most external environmental influences are transitory and transitory environmental effects are unable to drive multipliers , what explains the large gains in cognitive ability over the past century ? Inverses of values are computed using a finite field multiplier and successive exponentiations . Cash transfer programs induce multiplier effects when recipients put the money they receive to work to generate further incomes . By assuming a perfect multiplier , a model is developed in order that the noise figure of a sample and hold device can be predicted . This paper documents the history and development of the estate multiplier technique , a statistical methodology for estimating the wealth of a living population using data reported on returns filed for wealthy decedents , with an emphasis on recent methodological improvements .