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CISAC Fellow Margaret E. Kosal explores nanotechnology 's security implications . Nanoscale Science and Engineering : NSF 's investment in Nanoscale Science and Engineering increases by over 20 percent and targets the fundamental research that underlies nanotechnology , likely to be the next transformational technology . The first stop on the tour was a visual apparatus and parts manufacturer , where Prime Minister Koizumi listened to an explanation of how the firm utilizes nanotechnology . The runners-up included such strong proposals as Portable Transient Shelter Pods ( a housing idea proposed by Lira Luis that would provide seafarers who currently sleep on the docks in Manila , the Philippines , with temporary living quarters ) and Integrated Concentrator Modules ( a prism-like facade system that utilizes nanotechnology and optical engineering to efficiently capture solar energy , an entry submitted by Materialab ) . " Nanocs is a newly formed start-up company that utilizes nanotechnology , an innovative technology capable of controlling the structure of matter on a molecule-by-molecule basis . While Mr. Mooney states that his group is not against nanotechnology , he believes nanotechnologies will replace current market applications and thus widen the gap between the rich and the poor . The invention combines nanotechnology , immunoassay and radioisotope methodology aiming to develop a rapid , accurate and economical test kit .