[lemma=□] □
[lemma=vertebrate] □
[lemma=","] □
" It tells us that these pathways should be studied in vertebrates , " he says . In a second step we added vertebrate , agnathe , and cephalochordate protein sequences from SWISS-PROT , PIR , and TrEMBL , and consensus sequences from the human UniGene data set , our inhouse mouse GeneNest EST clustering , and the amphioxus project . As a vertebrate , the zebrafish is several rungs closer to humans than are fruit flies ( Drosophila ) or worms ( Caenorhabditis elegans ) , yet the fish is also much more malleable than most mammalian animal models . Students independently conduct and write reports about 2 research projects of their choice and design ( in consultation with faculty members ) , on any of : vertebrate , invertebrate , or plant ecology , and / or behaviour , in terrestrial or aquatic habitats . Given the conservation of structure and function of these circadian genes in animals from flies to higher vertebrates , there is a strong likelihood of conserved functions for these genes in modulating drug responses across evolution . Species of the parasite colonise vertebrates , invertebrates and plants . In vertebrates , the PCP pathway has been shown so far to regulate convergent extension movements ( early in embryogenesis ) and neural tube closure , as well as the orientation of stereociliary bundles of sensory hair cells in the inner ear .