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When the National Archives was established in 1934 , the American archival profession was in its infancy , without a professional organization , a scholarly journal , a publications program , an educational structure , or a means for internal professional communication . This asphalt layer would be a binder coat , without a top coat : it 's visibly more porous than other surfaces around campus . I think that a stronger system of international governance ( including more trade ) is needed , but have a hard time seeing that developing in a bi - or multi-polar world , without a global hegemon to force through the difficult issues . Managing investments online , without a professional advisor , has a " do-it-yourself " aspect to it that many small investors find unsettling and time-consuming . A presentment , properly speaking , is the notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from their own knowledge or observation , without a { 108 } bill of indictment being laid before them at the suit of the commonwealth .