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Radio waves as defined here exclude compressional waves , light waves , heat waves , infrared waves , ultraviolet waves , X-ray , cathode rays , gamma rays , and ion beams . Higher amounts of greenhouse gases trap heat near Earth 's surface , warming the surface and preventing the heat from reaching the stratosphere , thus cooling the upper atmosphere . These structures can absorb heat from the sun , thus weakening the surrounding ice . " Although that language does not expressly require equal spending from one district to the next , the highest court of the state , the New York Court of Appeals , ruled in 1995 that it does obligate the state to teach all children " the basic literacy , calculating , and verbal skills necessary to enable children to eventually function productively as civic participants capable of voting and serving on a jury , " and to provide " minimally adequate physical facilities and classrooms which provide enough light , space , heat , and air to permit children to learn , " " minimally adequate instrumentalities of learning such as desks , chairs , pencils , and reasonably current textbooks , " and " minimally adequate teaching of reasonably up-to-date basic curricula such as reading , writing , mathematics , science , and social studies , by sufficient personnel adequately trained to teach those subject areas .