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Part Two considers a series of specific questions arising from the Politics and the Nicomachean Ethics , among which are Aristotle 's understanding of moral virtue ; the problem of evil ; justice and the very idea of " common good " ; friendship ; the status of the philosophic life vis-a-vis the political ; and the outlines of the best possible political community . " - - Ronna Burger , Tulane UniversityWhile the Phaedo is most famous for its moving portrayal of Socrates ' death and its arguments for the immortality of the soul , Ahrensdorf argues that the dialogue is primarily devoted to presenting Socrates ' final defense of the philosophic life against the theoretical and political challenge of religion . Certainly ; and let us say in reply , that those arts into which arithmetic and mensuration enter , far surpass all others ; and that of these the arts or sciences which are animated by the pure philosophic impulse are infinitely superior in accuracy and truth . Instead of improving by the change , I apprehend that a long series of years must be told before it can recover in any degree the effects of this philosophic revolution , and before the nation can be replaced on its former footing . Hegel and Comte , to cite merely two of the most famous , affirm squarely that their philosophic system closes the series , that it is the crowning and the end of the progressive evolution of thought .