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Entities such as 8-bit text and binary data can be encoded with quoted-printable or base-64 transfer encoding . SRI 's Pathway Tools software , which was described in a previous announcement and article published in Science magazine ( September 14 , 2001 ) , is the most sophisticated tool available for metabolic pathway analysis of a genome , a crucial component when analyzing the cellular processes that are encoded by an organism 's genome . Reverse transcription using virally encoded reverse transcriptase then results in a double-stranded DNA provirus which then inserts into the host cell chromosome in a stable but random manner retained during subsequent mitoses . Buell , Wing and colleagues also compared the proteins encoded by the chromosome with those encoded by the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . Space is so limited in the genome that the capsid proteins are encoded with reading frames that overlap , so that the final nucleotide sequence of the gene for one protein also encodes for the initial portion of another protein .