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Our rigging was all examined and overhauled , and mended , or replaced with new , where it was necessary : new and strong bobstays fitted in the place of the chain ones , which were worn out ; the spritsail yard and martingale guys and back-ropes set well taught ; bran new fore and main braces rove ; top-gallant sheets , and wheel-ropes , made of green hide , laid up in the form of rope , were stretched and fitted ; and new top-sail clewlines , etc ., rove ; new fore-topmast back-stays fitted ; and other preparations made , in good season , that the ropes might have time to stretch and become limber before we got into cold weather . The atmosphere , which had previously been clear and cold , for the last few hours grew damp , and had a disagreeable , wet chilliness in it ; and the man who came from the wheel said he heard the captain tell " the passenger " that the thermometer had fallen several degrees since morning , which he could not account for in any other way than by supposing that there must be ice near us ; though such a thing had never been heard of in this latitude , at this season of the year . Before stowing the hides , as I have said , the ballast is levelled off , just above the keelson , and then loose dunnage placed upon it , on which the hides rest . As nothing came up , the officers began to feel that they were acting rather a child 's part , and turned the crew to again and the same strict discipline was restored , which prohibits speech between man and man , while at work on deck ; so that , when the steward came forward with letters for the crew , each man took his letters , carried them below to his chest , and came up again immediately ; and not a letter was read until we had cleared up decks for the night . Time after time he was knocked nearly down , but up he came again and faced the mark , as bold as a lion , again to take the heavy blows , which sounded so as to make one 's heart turn with pity for him . What one man ate in a day , over a hearty man 's allowance , would make a Russian 's heart leap into his mouth .