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" Many hospitals elsewhere have voluntarily adopted the same limit , but it falls far short of what 's needed . Pacemakers can be configured such that both the positive and negative electrodes are in the heart ( Bipolar ) or the negative electrode is in the heart with the pacemaker body serving as the positive electrode ( Unipolar ) . The use of such pacemakers has greatly increased over the years such that 65 % to 80 % of all generators implanted are initially programmed to a rate variable mode ( DDD , VVIR , DDDR , AAIR ) . As pacemaker technology improved such that dual chamber pacemakers became smaller and atrially implanted electrodes became more reliable , the use of dual chamber pacemakers increased . " Training and materials were made possible through an Outreach and Engagement mini-seed grant provided by The Ohio State University . I do not intend this evening to refer to any of those cases , certainly in the beginning of my address , but to try to concentrate attention upon this case of Mrs. Ellen C. Richter , to which our chairman has referred - - Mrs. Ellen C. Richter of 135 Chester street , Syracuse , N. Y. My attention was first called to this case , as doubtless was so with many here , by an article which appeared in the New York World about the 9th of March last year . Miss Baldwin , a colored principal of a Cambridge school , said that the last year had seen a transformation of the American spirit , and she would always be ashamed of what had been done . This percentage has gradually increased with time such that approximately 45 % of all generators implanted in 1993-1994 were dual chamber pacemakers . February 2 it was known in this country that the administration was short of a few votes to ratify the treaty .