[lemma=□] □
[lemma=high] □
[lemma="value-added"] □
Many ofthese vertically integrated oil companies had diversified during the 1970s and early 1980s into petrochemicals , and the rapidly growing / high value-added markets for thermoplastics and agricultural fertilizers . In Asian countries which wish to be involved in some of the high value-added and key industries of the next few decades ( microelectronics , biotechnology , the new materials science industries , civil aviation , telecommunications , robotics plus machine tools , computers and software ) , much needs to be done in the fields of education and training . US exports to South Africa are composed of high value-added items and commodities . With better education and opportunities for retraining , young people can avoid the nitty-gritty of the tradable sector and make their careers in high value-added , nontradable services . The goal of this program is to establish a process for inducing directed , localized , and controlled materials properties in any arbitrary location and pattern to achieve revolutionary capability in high value-added components .