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Yet these two seemingly different parks share a common geologic foundation and related geologic history . Effective arts educators take a " backward-design " approach to designing teaching and learning experiences for their students , beginning in Stage One with desired results ( i.e ., " unpacked " standards , enduring understandings , essential questions , and enabling knowledge objectives ) ; moving to Stage Two assessment ( i.e ., a balanced , " photo album " monitoring of student progress culminating in student-generated performance-based tasks and projects ) ; and concluding with Stage Three design of learning activities , reflecting the W.H.E.R.E.T.O . " When unable to eliminate a public safety challenge , intervention programs mitigate the negative ( and costly ) impact on individuals and surrounding environment . This means scientists need a way to selectively study the interfaces buried below surfaces .