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The baseline increases found in human visual cortex may be subserved by increases in the spontaneous firing rate similar to those found in single-cell recording studies ( Colby et al ., 1996 ; Luck et al ., 1997 ) but summed over large populations of neurons . Several decades ago , Lack ( 1978 ) showed that observers could be trained to prolong one eye 's view during rivalry without resorting to tricks such as moving the eyes in a manner that would favor that view . This diversity should be preserved , and at the same time should be used as an asset . The critical features for TE cells were more complex than just the orientation , size , color , or simple textures , which are known to be extracted and represented by cells in V1 , but at the same time were not sufficiently complex to represent the image of a natural object through the activity of single cells . For example , responses to a visual stimulus might be much stronger when that stimulus is the subject of a challenging discrimination than to when it is irrelevant and attention is directed to a difficult auditory or somatosensory discrimination . It is precisely to consider remedies to these sorts of self-reinforcing external headwinds to the implementation of successful domestic measures to development that the holistic approach of the Conference is directed . The template theory of pattern recognition was corroborated by the work of Gould ( 1985 , 1986 ) , who showed that bees could be trained to distinguish rather small differences between patterns , suggesting that recognition does indeed involve a fairly precise spatial evaluation of the extent to which the black and white regions in the viewed pattern match the corresponding regions in the template . In humans , pursuit speed declines when the subject 's attention is directed away from the moving target ( Khurana and Kowler , 1987 ) . To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the human visual system and those of other primates will take much comparative research , but the approaches and methods of study are known . In early stages of visual cortex , modest increases in the spontaneous activity of neurons have been described when attention is directed to the part of the visual field containing a neuron 's receptive field ( Luck et al ., 1997 ) .