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However , the results of these studies are still disputed and the sales trends appear uncertain . The goal of these studies is to characterize invasion and intracellular replication in epithelial cells by characterizing bacterial genes involved in invasion and intracellular replication , determination of signals transduced in the host cell to trigger uptake , and characterizing the cytoskeletal rearrangement accompanying Salmonella uptake . The third database , PubChem Bioassay , currently includes 173 bioactivity studies from the Developmental Therapeutics Program at NCI , and each of these studies is linked to records in PubChem Substance . This summer , the EPA was finalizing a policy that would allow the pesticide industry to submit data from human experiments " unless there is clear evidence that the conduct of these studies was fundamentally unethical . However , the fact that the researchers involved in most of these studies were also the instructors of the students in the studies casts some doubt of their validity . Most of these studies were conducted in Canada , although some have been conducted in Australia , India , Italy , South Africa , and the United States . Since the work on the most recent of these studies was completed , a number of developments have taken place . Fernie 's opinion is that the development of these studies is inadequate , mainly because of the defensive attitude of investigators , who are not open to the idea of discussing and modifying their theories . The results of these studies were inconsistent in terms of the role of NANC neurons in bronchial reactivity . A brief review of a selection of these studies is presented below , followed by OSHA 's estimates of excess risk due to occupational exposure . One of these studies was classed as at low risk of bias , one of moderate to high risk . Further analyses of these studies are on-going , in an attempt to clarify factors that influence treatment response . Some of the issues that are frequently discussed in the formulation of these studies are : the nature of memory and mental structures , the nature of conscious and unconscious attention , response time and time to learn , the nature of errors , learning and problem solving strategies , the role of language in cognition , encoding processes and gulfs of understanding . Only one of these studies was a prospective case control study ( 72 ) . The results of these studies were too varied to allow for definitive conclusions about the validity of the polygraph when used for personnel security screening .