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Ministers appears in foreign countries as a formal part of the constitution ; in England it results from the combined action of several legal principles , namely , first , the maxim that the King can do no wrong ; secondly , the refusal of the Courts to recognise any act as done by the Crown , which is not done in a particular form , a form in general involving the affixing of a particular seal by a Minister , or the counter-signature or something equivalent to the counter-signature of a Minister ; thirdly , the principle that the Minister who affixes a particular seal , or countersigns his signature , is responsible for the act which he , so to speak , endorses ; 13 this again is part of the constitution and a law , but it is not a written law . Peel also was able to show that while he and his followers were prepared to resist any further changes in the constitution , they fully accepted the Reform Act of 1832 , and , while utterly rejecting a policy of reaction , were ready to give the country the benefits of enlightened administration . If there be any one person in whose single hand the power of the State is placed , that one person is not the King but the chairman of the committee , known as the Prime Minister . Langdell ( Contr ., Section 116 ) ; but the above explanation is believed to be the true one . Under the referendum an elector may begin to find it possible to vote for or against a given law in accordance with his real view as to its merits or demerits , without being harassed through the knowledge that if he votes against a law which his conscience and his judgment condemns , he will also be voting that A , whom he deems the fittest man in England to be Prime Minister , shall cease to hold office , and that B , whom the elector happens to distrust , shall at once become Prime Minister . And no doubt the referendum , if ever established in England , may have the effect , which it already has in Switzerland , of making it possible that a minister or a Cabinet , supported on the whole by the electorate , shall retain office honestly and openly , though some proposal made by the Prime Minister and his colleagues and assented to by both Houses of Parliament is , through the referendum , condemned by the electorate . The passing of the Great Reform Act itself was delayed by their lordships for somewhat less than two years , and it may well be doubted whether they have , since 1832 , ever by their legislative veto , delayed legislation really desired by the electors for as much as two years . The oddity of the thing is that to most Englishmen the extent of the authority actually exercised by the Crown and the same remark applies ( in a great measure ) to the authority exercised by the Prime Minister , and other high officials is a matter of conjecture . When the server closes a TCP connection , it sends a packet with the FIN bit sent to the client , which then responds with a packet with the ACK bit set . Filename is either an absolute path or relative to ServerRoot .