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To derive the maximum benefit in terms of research or application out of remotely sensed soil moisture , the remote sensing data must be integrated into a geographic information system and analyzed taking into account the soil properties and land characteristics . In this way , areal averages from the remotely sensed data are compared to point measurements , and the natural variation in the measured quantity becomes a very important factor in judging the performance of a given technique . Numerous studies have demonstrated that approaches using optical remotely sensed data do not work for most terrestrial biomass densities , because there is a saturation effect at very low levels of biomass . Further terrestrial applications for remotely sensed data sets include inventory of forest resources , monitoring agricultural crops , locating vegetation containing particular species of interest , and monitoring land use and land-use change . For the seasonal snow cover , remote sensing improves the monitoring of existing conditions and has been incorporated into several runoff-forecasting and management systems . This waveform is a measure of the vertical distribution of vegetation canopy components ( foliage , stems , branches ) , if present , and ground slope and roughness , weighted by projected area , reflectivity , and the spatial distribution of laser energy across the footprint . Chang and Wetzel ( 1991 ) have concluded that the spatial variations of vegetation and soil moisture affect the surface baroclinic structures through differential heating , which in turn indicate the location and intensity of surface dynamic and thermodynamic discontinuities necessary to develop severe storms . The data must be blended with other space and surface-derived information and assimilated into numerical models or used to understand physical and chemical processes that can be parametrically incorporated into such models . Following an incubation period , the phytoplasma is transferred to healthy plants during leafhopper feeding . Therefore , the required resolution of the remotely sensed soil moisture data is related to the intended usage and the ancillary data bases available for interpretation .