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This was clearly demonstrated in 2005 - for several regions of the world where the impact of diverse natural disasters were worsened because environmental buffers had been previously removed . Given the rate at which natural resources are currently being degraded in the region , it is easy to conclude that the African environment is a highly threatened environment , and one in which the future seems mostly uncertain . Similarly , regional and international support is needed to persuade the developed countries to remove agricultural subsidies which are currently blocking entry of African agricultural products into their markets , and which are encouraging the dumping of products onto the African market . Emissions from industry and vehicles are additional threats to human health in the larger urban areas . Throughout history , urbanization has been associated with economic and social progress , the promotion of literacy and education , the improvement of the general state of health , greater access to social services , and cultural , political and religious participation . Am I to affirm and swear that Marxism is not the universal science , and that the things which it studies are not the universe . In most countries , nitrate levels in drinking water derived from surface water do not exceed ten milligrammes per litre ( mg / l ) , although nitrate levels in well water often exceed 50 mg / l. Nitrite levels are normally lower , less than a few milligrams per litre ( WHO 2004 ) . An increasing number of polices have already been adopted to support renewables , and many companies in the energy industry have recognized that the future is ‘ beyond petroleum ’ . Nuclear energy has been promoted afresh in recent years as a solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from power utilities , but the three primary concerns of reactor safety , waste transport and disposal , and nuclear proliferation remain . Pastoralism and subsistence agriculture are the traditional practices but commercial plantation agriculture has been promoted over the past 30 years , particularly in Western and Central Africa , as the foundation of economic growth . There are more than 1 200 dams in Africa . We are not surprised that publishers lost little time in producing a piracy of such a bestseller as Poems , chiefly in the Scottish dialect . At the global level , 17 per cent of the protected areas are currently not classified under the IUCN scheme . Figure 2s.8 illustrates links between stresses on land and water resources , others are highlighted below . Reading room hours are Monday-Friday , 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m ., with the exception of major holidays ; we are also closed to readers between Christmas and New Year .