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This appendix summarizes ( 1 ) legislative and other efforts taken in the past 15 years to strengthen agencies ' debt collection capabilities and to minimize losses , ( 2 ) other important initiatives undertaken over the past decade which establish a framework for the credit agencies to strengthen financial management and better measure the results of their operations , and ( 3 ) our previous work on debt collection . The phylogenetic position of the family has been recently established ( Griswold et al 1998 ) . The phylogenetic position of the family has been recently established ( Griswold et al 1998 ) and a phylogeny of the world genera is available ( Coddington 1986 ) . The field is a long text field , and often includes township and range , type of sampled collected , stratigraphic level within a sedimentary bed . The history of these gateway openings and closings is recorded by the molluscan faunas I study and by the terrestrial vertebrate and plant biotas that my colleagues study . Viperid venoms , on the other hand , contain an abundance of protein-degrading enzymes called proteases , which produce the symptoms like those encountered by the unlucky rattlesnake handler : strong local swelling and necrosis , and blood loss from cardiovascular damage complicated by coagulopathy , or disruption of the blood clotting system . The phylogenetic position of the family ( Griswold et al 1998 ) and intrafamilial phylogeny have recently been examined ( Scharff & Coddington 1997 ) .