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You ’ ll recall that we completed a major study two years ago , the Report of the Tuition Task Force . The outcome of the Middle States review was very positive . I think this may be because such elements are seen as part of the ' basic ' terrestrial vertebrate body plan , which appeared with the earliest amphibians way back in the Devonian . I cannot predict the final outcome , and the reactions from individual members of Congress are as diverse as the interests they serve . The first initiative is the reaccreditation review by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and the second is the University 's strategic planning process . When combined with the recommendations from last year , the cost savings initiative has saved $ 327 per student per year , or 3.8 percent in tuition increases that have been avoided . The Graduate School has had in-depth discussions with the Deans about those programs with marginal enrollments or other indicators of weakness . Firstly , nearly all bones from all classes of vertebrate except fish are hollow when studied as decomposed or thoroughly cleaned specimens ( and some fish bones are , too ) . As with the Big Ten comparisons , Penn State 's initiative to increase the competitiveness of faculty salaries has also brought the University up noticeably when compared to the AAU public institutions . You ’ ll recall that our budget plan and state appropriation request for 2004-05 included a preliminary target of $ 2.5 million in cost reductions and income enhancements . At the risk of oversimplifying the outcome , I will say that , in short , the Commission concluded that there is no “ one size fits all ” approach to addressing the rising costs of higher education or our individual missions .