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) Record copperlite on your recording sheet . An approach is needed that allows for : ( i ) uncertainty in the field data that is used for validation ; ( ii ) simultaneous comparison of the outcomes in terms of multiple predicted variables ; ( iii ) assessment of the trajectories by which models arrive at final outcomes as well as those outcomes themselves ; and ( iv ) incorporation of other information that may not be amenable to formal quantitative evaluation but that enables model performance to be constrained . This course will cover the following topics , with economic examples : a ) Difference and differential equations with applications ; b ) Optimal control problem and Hamiltonians , the Ramsey model ; c ) Stochastic control and the certainty principle ; d ) Dynamic optimization and Euler equations ; e ) Optimality principle of dynamic programming and value functions ; f ) Mathematica for simulation of economic models . " ( bucket , scooper , brush , dust pan , pick , trowel , sifter / strainer ) Record the names on the board as students share them . Recently , there has been a movement towards adopting Generalised Extreme Value ( Type III ) distributions , either directly or extrapolated from the Generalised Pareto distribution to account for " observed " departures from Type I. Both Type I and Type III are asymptotic distributions which apply in the limit as the population from which the extremes are drawn approaches infinity . ) Explain the water cycle .