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Attached wilted , brown leaves often persist into the next spring instead of dropping in the fall . In late summer to early fall , brown to reddish-brown spots or bands form on needles . If they did have something , it was mostly based on old , odd and unavailable technology . In general , the symptoms of damage include drooping , brown or dead upper leaves ; plants that turn brown or black and die prematurely ( Figure 1 ) ; fungal bodies ( sclerotia ) in the stem at the soil line ; ( Figure 2 ) soft , rotting heads ( Figure 3 ) with only fibrous tissue remaining ; and black sclerotia in the heads . But the actual shows describe tumultuous , embattled scenes . Where his predecessor John Paul always wore the same simple gold crucifix and , after his death , was laid out in state wearing anonymous , worn , brown slip-on loafers , Benedict XVI cut quite a dash at early public appearances , sporting a dazzling emerald-set cross and shiny red loafers . He attempts to show the process of transmutation of the Friesian classification , founded mainly on hymenial configuration , into a more natural system based upon cultural , cytological , developmental , as well as morphological features . Pythium usually attacks roots from the ends or tips , causing a soft , brown rotting as it progresses . In addition to our usual breakfast business meeting and contributed paper sessions , the section has initiated , with the co-sponsorship of the Paleobotanical , Systematic , Developmental , and Physiological Sections , an all-day symposium on " The Evolution and Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons . We will read terrifically popular Irish writers alongside English novelists who packaged Ireland for an English public , mythic tales of national origin and gothic stories of nationalist discontent , famine poetry and writings from the Gaelic Revival , cultural nationalist polemic and early modernist classics .