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Often , if all the flowers are left to develop into berries , berries will be small and late ripening and plants will have little new growth . The quality of the fruit from these disease-resistant trees is acceptable , although it may not measure up to that of some other varieties recommended in Table 1 for zones 4a and 4b . While no plants are immune , fleshy-leaved plants are more likely to suffer from oedema than those with thin-leaves . Apples are insect pollinated , with bees and flies transferring pollen from flowers on one tree to those on another . After planting , prune all canes back to four to six above-ground buds ; the resulting low bud count encourages the development of vigorous new canes . By this we mean that , within a given pixel , the position of radar scatterers has not changed to any significant degree , but the ensemble of scatterers ( i.e ., the entire ground surface within that pixel , as well as some adjacent ones ) has moved up , down , or sideways in some correlated fashion . Excessive pruning should be avoided because it greatly reduces the crop for that year . One method of control is to hang a very strongly scented bar of soap in each tree in summer . Then dig a trench out from the base of each plant . For now , however , sanitation ( promptly removing and destroying fallen fruit and leaves ) , cultural practices designed to promote optimum tree health , and perhaps occasional physical or chemical intervention are all that is normally needed to obtain a satisfying crop in most years . Control : Cut and destroy all infected blossoms as soon as they droop or die . False Japanese beetles and Japanese beetles resemble each other . These exclude voles ( “ meadow mice ” ) and rabbits , preventing them from feeding on the bark . Later , these spots become large , tan lesions , with red margins . Reducing the deer population is a temporary solution at best , and an option not available to fruit growers except those in rural areas . Although there are nematicides labeled for nursery use , these products are EXTREMELY toxic , especially to fish and wildlife , and are not available to the homeowner . " These 4 to 5 scaffold branches should begin about 30 inches from the ground ( 40 inches if turf will be located beneath the branches and need to be mowed ) , should be spaced as equally around the trunk as possible and should be spaced vertically at least 6 inches from one another . We envision a SAR mission capable of two separate modes of operation : ( a ) a monitoring mode in which global coverage is offered to guarantee that " before " pictures are available in all areas of interest with reasonable repeat times ; and ( b ) a rapid-response mode to allow acquisition of " after " pictures shortly after an event of interest . Pruning the trunk back in this way is intended to induce branching that will result in scaffold branch options the following year . The good news , however , is that the main differences between grocery store pears and those we can grow here are size and fresh fruit keeping ability . Leave two-thirds of each bulb showing above the soil . All parts of the plants may be infected and during severe drought conditions infected leaf cells are killed . Now select 4 or 5 scaffold branches from those that remain , pruning out any “ duplicate ” branches that are growing just above or just below scaffolds . The measured phase at each point in each of the two radar images is equal to the sum of a propagation part , proportional to the round-trip distance , and a scattering part due to the interaction of the wave with the ground .