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Williams showed ( 1995 ) that the mean force required to detach 30 shoots from male clones was 57.4 + -27 ( n = 46 clones ) while the force for female clones was 78.4kg / m2s + -42.3 ( n = 46 clones ) . Springer-Verlag , Berlin , 1995 ) that the basic processes which regulate environmental dynamics are founded on the principle of the biotic regulation of the environment .