□
[□]
□?
Buds also may be " blasted " ( destroyed ) when the bud scales and outer petals become infected . Training primarily consists of bending young , flexible branches that are growing vertically into more horizontal positions , toward an optimal 60 degree angle from the main stem . A soil pH of 5.5 to 7 ( moderately acidic to neutral ) is optimal , but growth is fine in alkaline soils as well . An average apple contains about 90 calories , and small amounts of vitamin A , vitamin C , thiamine , riboflavin , calcium , phosphorus , and potassium . The inner leaves are yellow and stunted , while outer leaves turn rusty red to reddish purple . Of course , obtaining such topographic data may be quite challenging in a practical sense . When it is violated because natural phenomena generate large displacements and displacement gradients ( e.g ., volcanic eruptions , landslides ) , simple differencing of before and after topographic data should be adequate to define the changes to the degree of accuracy required for their study . Average fruit size is 1 _ to 2 inches in diameter and 2 to 2 _ inches in length . Some of the fruitlets will drop in mid-June , but the tree may be left with more fruit than is optimal for fruit quality development . Pear branches in particular have a tendency to grow in a more vertical fashion than is optimal for early fruit production , although apple branches can also grow too vertically . Aim for one fruit per cluster , or for truly optimal fruit quality , about eight inches between fruits on any branch . Do not overwater plants and always use porous soil mixes and containers that provide proper water drainage .