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Carbon dioxide effects : The increase in carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere could increase the net productivity of many crops as a result of carbon ‘ fertilization ’ , which results in increased photosynthesis . For example , macroeconomic policies are used throughout Eastern and Southern Africa to manipulate exchange rates , money supply and interest rates in order to achieve economic growth , to stimulate employment and investment , and to generate foreign exchange . The overall impact of these effects will vary by elevation , soil type , crop and other local factors . Nicholas King , " Map of the Mississippi River from its Source to the Mouth of the Missouri , " in Zebulon M. Pike , An account of expeditions to the sources of the Mississippi : and through the western parts of Louisiana . International cooperation to promote research and development , mobilize investment , create markets or share experiences could form a powerful tool to strike while the iron is hot .