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Then particle identification ( PID ) algorithms are used to assign probable identities to the particles . Second , particle identification ( PID ) algorithms are used to assign probable identities to the particles . Many tools and techniques have been developed for the systematic acquisition of domain knowledge , including knowledge elicitation ( KE ) methods to acquire knowledge from a human expert , machine learning ( ML ) algorithms that infer knowledge from data , and knowledge base refinement ( KBR ) tools that refine existing knowledge bases ( KBs ) . This paper studies the synthesis of nonlinear observer-based globally linearizing control ( GLC ) algorithms for a multivariable distillation column . It is tempting to implement these using the simple O ( n ) algorithms used to define the functions , such as the many recurrence relations found in Abramowitz and Stegun .