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" " As an island nation comprised mostly of low-lying small islands with large coastal areas , the FSM is vulnerable to the adverse impact of climate change . Current policy approaches are improving the situation , but environmental and social impacts and costs are not yet adequately addressed and accounted for. Garibaldi first came to the attention of Dumas during the 1847 defence of Montevideo ; the famous novelist later did much to advance his reputation . Table 3.2 averages the poverty ( human development ) indicators for the various sub-regions of Africa , using three levels of evaluation : high human development ; medium human development ; and low human development . His doomed but inspired defence of Rome ( April-June 1849 ) and his retreat to San Marino and escape from central Italy , during the course of which his wife died in circumstances both deeply tragic and deeply heroic , established him as a legend of emerging European liberal nationalism . These have enormous value for indigenous populations , commercial enterprises , and for development of tourism . Overharvesting of coastal and marine resources is a priority concern for countries of Southern and Western Africa and for the island states , because of their relatively large area of Exclusive Economic Zone ( EEZ ) . These resources are , however , declining rapidly under the pressures of habitat loss , overharvesting of selected species , the spread of alien species , and illegal activities . Angelo de Masini , also known as Masina , was an Emilian nobleman who commanded a corps of lancers formed for the defence of the Roman republic . Furthermore , pollution of surrounding habitats and water sources can render them unsuitable as wildlife habitats or can even cause poisoning of wildlife and loss of biodiversity , as well as reducing their productivity and posing further health risks to local residents . Increasing human vulnerability due to environmental change is a threat to sustainable social , economic and environmental development . In Western and Central Africa the main issues are loss and fragmentation of forest habitat and poaching of endangered species to meet the growing demand for bushmeat . Deforestation and loss of vegetation cover increase the risk of soil erosion , which in turn impacts on aquatic and coastal ecosystems through sedimentation and smothering of habitats . Exposed to the effects of extreme weather events , our livelihood and traditions as island people , in fact our whole civilization , are under greater threat than ever before . In 1870 , after the collapse of Napoleon III 's empire ( an event which facilitated the final phase of nineteenth-century Italian unification , the annexation of the French-defended Papal States ) , Garibaldi led a contingent of Italian volunteers in defence of the newly declared French third republic , scoring successes against the invading Prussians at Chatillon , Autun and Dijon . Driving forces set the initial course for development , but the complex regional system can rapidly change direction at critical thresholds of extreme turbulence and instability .