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The situation is such that : living standards are reduced ; the ability of the poor to grow out of poverty is constrained ; malnutrition rates among children increase , as do school dropout rates ; and household effects are sold at depressed prices ( World Bank 2000 ) . These must be aimed at expanding access to energy services for the poor ( including the use of cleaner fossil fuel and biomass technologies ) ; controlling the growth in per capita energy demand through improved efficiency ; and encouraging the use and further development of more sustainable energy technologies . About 40 per cent of Tanzania 's land area is covered by forests and woodlands.Macroeconomic reforms introduced over the past two decades have impacted on these forest and woodland resources . The refugees , the host community and aid agencies participated in plastic waste collection , tree planting efforts , solar cooking competitions and football matches . Broadly , our agenda is to give a human face to environmental issues ; empower people to become active agents of sustainable and equitable development ; promote an understanding that communities are pivotal to changing attitudes towards environmental issues ; and advocate partnership which will ensure all nations and peoples enjoy a safer and more prosperous future . As these became more expensive , farmers reduced or abandoned their use , accelerating extensive agriculture which required the clearing of woodland and forest to increase production . The collapse in society , polity and infrastructure in the Fortress World scenario underlies very sluggish growth in per capita income , which grows just barely over the rate of population growth over the scenario period . Table 5.2 shows that many countries have improved their daily per capita calorie intake , although some sub-Saharan countries have done the opposite . The situation is similar for per capita protein and fat supply , further strengthening the argument for greater attention to poverty reduction . Since the future is , by definition , unknown , there is a need to develop mechanisms and methodologies which facilitate an understanding of the future .