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If one state of a federation greatly exceed in its numbers and in its resources the power of each of the other states , and still more if such " dominant partner , " to use a current expression , greatly exceed the whole of the other Confederated States in population and in wealth , the confederacy will be threatened with two dangers . At the present day students of the constitution wish neither to criticise , nor to venerate , but to understand ; and a professor whose duty it is to lecture on constitutional law , must feel that he is called upon to perform the part neither of a critic nor of an apologist , nor of an eulogist , but simply of an expounder ; his duty is neither to attack nor to defend the constitution , but simply to explain its laws . Thus the heir continued to represent his ancestor in the latter 's rights and obligations by way of warranty , after the executor had relieved him of the debts , just as before that time he had represented his ancestor in all respects . Any observer whose political recollections stretch back to the time of the Crimean War , that is sixty years ago , will remember occasions on which the words of Roebuck , of Roundell Palmer , of Cobden , and above all , at certain crises of Bright , might be , and indeed were , of a weight which no Government , or for that matter no Opposition , could treat as a trifle . The subject is dealt with by no means exhaustively , but with a view in the first place to bring out the causes of the demand in England for the referendum ; and in the next place to consider carefully and examine in turn first by far the strongest argument against , and secondly the strongest argument in favour of introducing the referendum into the constitution of England . Thus to say that the King appoints the Ministry is untrue ; it is also , of course , untrue to say that he creates courts of justice ; but these two untrue statements each bear a very different relation to actual facts . Is the whole expense of Imperial defence to be borne by the federated states , or will the new federation of its own authority impose taxes upon India and the Crown colonies for the advantage of the federated state ? The best examples of such enacted conventions71 are to be found in some of the more or less indirect effects72 of the Parliament Act , 1911 . During the Palmerstonian era , at any rate , a few of such men each possessed an authority inside and outside the House which is hardly claimed by any member now-a-days who neither has nor is expected to obtain a seat in any Cabinet . But neither parliamentary government nor any form of constitution , either which has been invented or may be discovered , will ever of itself remove all or half the sufferings of human beings . It is democratic , for it is in reality , as also on the face thereof , an appeal to the people . The first is appropriate to 1884 , the second is appropriate to 1914 - date did intend to retain for the Imperial Parliament , and the Imperial Government as representing such Parliament , a real and effective control over the action of the ministry and the legislature of each self-governing colony in so far as that control was not palpably inconsistent with independence as regards the management of strictly local affairs . The members of the Council are seven in number ; each member must , of necessity , belong to a different canton . the temper of fanatical adoration by just hatred of those " doctors of the modern school , " who , when he wrote , were renewing the rule of barbarism in the form of the reign of terror ; we cannot exactly echo the fervent self-complacency of Hallam , natural as it was to an Englishman who saw the institutions of England standing and flourishing , at a time when the attempts of foreign reformers to combine freedom with order had ended in ruin . a law introducing some system of so-called tariff reform , shall be passed , from the totally different question , whether Mr. Our civil servants , indeed , are as yet not in any serious degree put beyond the control of the law Courts , but in certain instances , and notably with regard to many questions arising under the National Insurance Act , 1911 , something very like judicial powers have been given to officials closely connected with the Government.55 And it may not be an exaggeration to say that in some directions the law of England is being " officialised , " if the expression may be allowed , by statutes passed under the influence of socialistic ideas . No doubt as time went on the unwillingness of English statesmen to interfere , by means of the royal veto or otherwise , with colonial legislation which affected only the internal government of a self-governing colony , increased . It is found by experience , as suffragists will add , that some women have in many ways even greater capacity for the exercise of government than have some men . Neither can it be defended on the same ground as the protection to the occupation of the land itself . How comes it , then , that one who has neither title nor possession is so far favored ? It is a little difficult to see why this proposal should be called " decentralisation , " for that term has hitherto borne a very different meaning . On that day , just before the actual prorogation of Parliament in the third session , it received the royal assent without the consent of the House of Lords ; it thereby became the Government of Ireland Act , 1914 . In this way , judicial panels would be governed by a similar rule to that for trial juries for verdicts in criminal cases . The habit has now grown up that conferences should be held from time to time in England , at which shall be present the Premier of England and the Premier of each Dominion , for consultation and discussion on all matters concerning the interest and the policy of the Empire , and that such conferences should be from time to time held may now , it is submitted , be considered a moral right of each Dominion . But the mere consonance of a given arrangement with some received doctrine , such as " the sovereignty of the people , " must with a thoughtful man carry little weight , except in so far as this harmony with prevalent ideas promises permanence to some suggested reform or beneficial institution .