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There are many reasons for their decline , but in general the blame lies with unregulated and unsustainable developments , lack of clear understanding and recognition of the importance of mangrove wetlands , and a clear lack of law enforcement and monitoring to protect these fragile ecosystems from illegal encroachment . The flooding of former wetlands , and subsequent creation of new wetlands , can result in a number of changes to GHG fluxes . The rate of decline of freshwater eco-systems is running at 6 per cent a year , threatening to dry up many wetlands , and push the species of those habitats to extinction . By restoring hydrology , developing seasonal wetlands on agricultural lands , enhancing moist soil areas and forested wetlands , and reforesting bottomland hardwoods , waterfowl habitat will be improved and water quality , erosion prevention , and enhanced biological diversity will result . Great Lakes states have lost more than half of their original wetlands , and urban sprawl and industrialization in the region pose significant conservation challenges .