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Both governments expanded irrigation facilities , constructed numerous dams , and initiated land reclamation projects ; however , the North has suffered severe food shortages . The Post used data from 1990 to 1996 , a period that outside researchers said would provide a valid comparison with Alito 's votes.To identify whether a judge had been selected by a Republican or Democratic president , reporters used the companion Attributes of United States Appeals Court Judges database.In using both databases , The Post relied on advice , updates and corrections provided by two political scientists who are updating the national data , Ashlyn Kuersten of Western Michigan University and Susan Haire of the University of Georgia . " The judge found six aggravating circumstances , including violent conduct , the boy 's vulnerability and threats he made against his son . " This court has repeatedly held that , under the Sixth Amendment , any fact that exposes a defendant to a greater potential sentence must be found by the jury , not a judge , and established beyond a reasonable doubt , not merely by a preponderance of the evidence , " Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote for the majority.It was a majority that gives credence to the justices ' often-made complaint about attempts to peg them as either liberal or conservative.The prevailing side in Cunningham v. California consisted of Ginsburg , Clarence Thomas , Antonin Scalia , John Paul Stevens and Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. " The speech came at the nadir of the Bush presidency to date , with the war grinding on , ever-widening bloodshed and no end in sight , two-thirds of the public turned against him in opinion polls and Democrats controlling both houses of Congress.Even as they sought to revive his political viability with the national address , White House officials spent yesterday monitoring reports from Iraq , where a U.S. security helicopter was shot down , U.S. officials said , and five American civilians were killed . " Del. Clarke N. Hogan , a Republican from Halifax County who grinned and answered " no comment " when asked if he 'd ever attended a cockfight , said he is open to the need to elevate the penalties . We alternate the meeting spot so no one from their side knows exactly where we 'll be . President Bush implored lawmakers and the nation last night to give him one more chance to win the war in Iraq and avoid the " nightmare scenario " of defeat while presenting a domestic agenda intended to find common cause with the new Democratic Congress on issues such as energy and immigration.Politically wounded but rhetorically unbowed , Bush gave no ground on his decision to dispatch 21,500 more troops to Iraq despite a bipartisan cascade of criticism . " I 'm the PR , " says Yildirim , and the PR goes two ways : At once , he is trying to redeem the name of the police department to Muslims and the reputation of Islam to police officers.Of course , the misunderstandings may also go every which way , even for Yildirim , a funeral director by trade who may or may not have become conversant in cop talk but who also does n't speak the languages of the majority of immigrant Muslims in New York.Arabs and South Asians form the largest immigrant groups among the city 's 600,000 Muslims , according to a Columbia University study - - and Yildirim , born in Germany to Turkish parents and educated at an Islamic high school in Istanbul - - knows only prayers and hellos in Arabic and no Urdu at all.He says that 's no problem - - " For Muslim culture you know everything about them because you believe in the same faith . As the Supreme Court prepares for today 's oral arguments on the federal " partial birth " abortion ban , both sides are focusing on the same question : " What will Kennedy do ? " This court has repeatedly held that , under the Sixth Amendment , any fact that exposes a defendant to a greater potential sentence must be found by the jury , not a judge , and established beyond a reasonable doubt , not merely by a preponderance of the evidence , " Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote for the court.The majority was one vote larger than the 5-4 rulings that have been the norm in sentencing cases . With Senate confirmation hearings scheduled to start next week , Bush administration officials and conservative allies working to win Alito 's approval say he fits within the judicial mainstream ; some Democrats and liberal advocacy groups trying to defeat his nomination say he is an ideologue.Neither characterization is completely accurate.Instead , the analysis , along with interviews of scholars who study the courts , shows that Alito takes consistently restrictive stances on some social issues and criminals ' rights but does not differ substantially from the typical judge in other areas.Overall , the analysis shows , Alito does not disagree with majority opinions more frequently than most federal appeals judges do in similar cases . " Because the FBI withheld some documents on national security grounds and because many of the pages it released are heavily edited , " no one can be entirely certain what happened and why " when the FBI conducted its background investigations , Charns said.But in the files that have come to light , he said , there is a clear partisan tilt . North Korea maintained close relations with the Soviet Union and China ( military aid treaties were signed with both countries in 1961 ) but preserved a degree of independence ; the Sino-Soviet rift facilitated this .