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White mold , caused by the fungus Sclerotium , causes a crown rot in daylilies . Soil pH ( degree of acidity or alkalinity ) can be determined by sending a sample of the soil to the University of Minnesota Soil Testing Facility . Currants and gooseberries are highly tolerant of less-than-perfect sites . Two examples of such measurements programs are the Illinois State ( U.S. ) Soil Moisture Program , an 18-site measurement network in operation since 1981 ; and the long term soil moisture measurements in the former Soviet Union and reported by Vinnikov and Yeserkepova ( 1991 ) . In addition there are formal oral examinations in January for students who have either ( a ) missed three or more classes ( for whatever reason ) , or ( b ) failed to participate actively in group discussion , or ( c ) whose submission of written work has been inadequate ( work handed in more than a week late will be corrected but not give a grade ) . Currants and gooseberries do not require extensive spraying to control pests in the Upper Midwest ; careful site selection and good cultural practices such as mulching , pruning , and sanitation will minimize pest problems . Currants and gooseberries should be planted at least an inch deeper than they were in the nursery , in holes deeper and wider than their root systems . Robin Richardson also introduced the RAISE Project , which seeks to raise attainment in multi-ethnic and multi-faith schools , with particular regard to Muslim pupils of Pakistani and Kashmiri heritage . Currants and gooseberries are self-fertile , but research suggests that planting more than one cultivar results in better yields . Currants and gooseberries are closely related berry-producing shrubs well suited to home gardens throughout most of the Upper Midwest . In addition there are formal oral examinations in January and May : in January they only involve students who have either ( a ) missed three or more classes ( for whatever reason ) , or ( b ) failed to participate actively in group discussion , or ( c ) whose submission of written work has been inadequate ( work handed in more than a week late will be corrected but not given a grade ) . The January 17 , 1994 Northridge , California earthquake is now estimated to have been the most costly seismic disaster in U.S. history .