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Managers now have specific information on 1 ) which host plant and ant species are necessary for the survival of various Maculinea species , 2 ) the microhabitat requirements of different Myrmica ant species , 3 ) the percentage of host plant and ant species overlap necessary in an area to support a Maculinea population ( to ensure that sufficient larvae are found by the appropriate ant species ) , 4 ) the appropriate dispersion of host plants relative to ants nests ( to ensure that too many larvae are n't brought to a single nest where they may compete and starve ) , and 5 ) the appropriate size and / or density of ant colonies ( to support even a single Maculinea ) . These studies demonstrate that behavioral studies not only contribute to the understanding of the focal species , they can also serve as an indirect assessment of the integrity of the environment in which these species live . To earn a certificate , a student must complete three courses of language study , courses in “ Foreign Language Across the Curriculum , ” or courses in literature and culture taught in the original language . This paper examines the history of South Asian taxi drivers in New York City against ( 1 ) the backdrop of U.S. immigration legislation , ( 2 ) communities of financially more successful South Asian immigrants , and ( 3 ) the changing face of the cab industry . The concentration combines elements of economic and political analysis in order to understand the interactions between market and political processes ( political economy ) and the positive and normative aspects of government activity ( public policy and management ) .