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Yet , when we turn our attention from the legal existence to the actual exercise of royal authority in England , we see these formidable prerogatives dwindled into mere ceremonies ; and in their stead , a sure and commanding influence , of which the constitution , it seems , is totally ignorant , growing out of that enormous patronage , which the increased extent and opulence of the Empire has placed in the disposal of the executive magistrate . This is absolutely dear if we compare the position of an American historian with the position of an American jurist . Under the referendum an elector may begin to find it possible to vote for or against a given law in accordance with his real view as to its merits or demerits , without being harassed through the knowledge that if he votes against a law which his conscience and his judgment condemns , he will also be voting that A , whom he deems the fittest man in England to be Prime Minister , shall cease to hold office , and that B , whom the elector happens to distrust , shall at once become Prime Minister . If the right claimed is one of those which are regarded as incident to land , as explained in the following Lecture , the disseisor will have it . This is the most serious and the most inevitable of the weaknesses attaching to a form of government under which loyalty to a citizen 's native state may conflict with his loyalty to the whole federated nation . He further says , that if an easement be granted to A , his heirs and assigns , all such by the form of the grant are allowed the use in succession , and all others are wholly excluded . Finally , and most important , the requirement that the assign should be in of the first grantee 's estate has remained a requirement from that day to this . Now observe that if you take any person , whether an Englishman or Englishwoman , he or she will probably hold that in some one or more of these instances the referendum would have worked ill , and that in some one or more of these instances it would have worked well . The benefit of a warranty was confined to those who , by the act and consent of the [ 387 ] grantee , succeeded to his place . The lectures were given and the book written with the sole object of explaining and illustrating three leading characteristics in the existing constitution of England ; they are now generally designated as the Sovereignty of Parliament , the Rule of Law , and the Conventions of the Constitution . The present owner was allowed to vouch directly those who otherwise would have been indirectly bound to defend his title , but no others . We know further that party government , which to many among the wisest of modern constitutionalists appears to be the essence of England 's far-famed constitution , inevitably gives rise to partisanship , and at last produces a machine which may well lead to political corruption and may , when this evil is escaped , lead to the strange but acknowledged result that a not unfairly elected legislature may misrepresent the permanent will of the electors . It has been an undoubted success in the Canadian Dominion . The best mode of giving an answer to this question is first to state broadly what were the legislative powers of the House of Lords immediately before the passing of the Parliament Act , i8th August 1911 , and next to state the main direct and indubitable effects of that Act on the legislative power of the House of Lords and of the House of Commons respectively . the temper of fanatical adoration by just hatred of those " doctors of the modern school , " who , when he wrote , were renewing the rule of barbarism in the form of the reign of terror ; we cannot exactly echo the fervent self-complacency of Hallam , natural as it was to an Englishman who saw the institutions of England standing and flourishing , at a time when the attempts of foreign reformers to combine freedom with order had ended in ruin . This is a matter referred to his own knowledge and conscience . Yet and this is no insignificant matter under every federal system there must almost of necessity exist some body of persons who can decide whether the terms of the federal compact have been observed . He has become already , by the publication of his Responsible Government in the Dominions , an acknowledged authority on all matters connected with the relation between England and her Colonies . The reason for this is pretty obvious .