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While some may spend a postdoctoral year abroad and consequently are documented by both the sending and receiving country , many more visit informally while attending conferences or simply , while tourists . The fundamentalist and radical elements of each tradition are the more strident voices and their hateful , often violent actions are highlighted in both the media and the public consciousness . To prevent this type of problem while allowing for future extension , constraints are placed on both the behaviour of PNG editors and the allowed ordering requirements for chunks . Standards are set for both short term ( acute ) and long term ( chronic ) health effects . Horizons are studied in both horizontal and vertical dimensions .