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Especially designed or prepared microwave power sources and antennae for producing or accelerating ions and having the following characteristics : greater than 30 GHz frequency and greater than 50 kW mean power output for ion production . Given this role of ion channels in migraine , we assessed the potassium channel encoding gene KCNN3 as a candidate for common migraine . The " addition " is performed in form of ion transfer , and there is a great deal of randomness in this process . The fragments of the hemoglobin are electrosprayed directly from the chip as ions into the mass spectrometer . As atoms lose electrons , they become electrically charged particles known as ions . Especially designed or prepared high-voltage power supplies for ion sources , having all of the following characteristics : capable of continuous operation , output voltage of 20,000 V or greater , output current of 1 A or greater , and voltage regulation of better than 0.01 % over a time period of 8 hours . Tip links are thought to pull directly on ion channels in the tips of the stereocilia , which open in response to the tension , allowing electric current in the form of potassium ions to flow into the hair cell to change its internal voltage . These oscillations appear to be associated with ions , and ar e disappearing as the vacuum improves . We have extended our database of flux-tube gyrokinetic simulations quantifying the dependence of the transport of ion thermal flux on magnetic shear , safety factor , E x B velocity shear , and toroidal velocity shear . The laboratory is interested in determining the molecular mechanism of the action of alcohol and other small amphiphiles on ion channel function , and its modulation by membrane lipids . The suggested role of loop D was verifired experimentally by a designed mutant of loop D showing a complete loss of ion conductivity ( Yu et al ., Structure , 2006 ) . Each sample shipment consists of three canisters , one containing a preweighed teflon filter for mass and metals analysis , one containing a nylon filter for ion analysis , and one containing a quartz filter for organic carbon / elemental carbon ( OC / EC ) analysis . These chemical elements move from soil to plants as ions and molecules in a water solution . The similar nanoscale dimensions of catalyst particles and of pores that transport fuel , ions , and oxygen hold promises to enable gas diffusion layers , catalyst support networks , and electrolytic membranes in fuel cells to be integrated into a single network for ion , electron , and gas transport . Four approaches to optical compensation have been explored ; at CSIRO there has been work on ion milling , fluid jet polishing and corrective coating , at Goodrich ( see Figure 24 ) compensation has already been demonstrated on a 250 mm optic using computer controlled corrective polishing . Lampert says the electrochromic material tints or clears as ions and electrons are shuttled back and forth between the electrochromic layer and the ion-storage layer , which are akin to two battery electrodes separated by an electrolyte . We will consider models at the level of ion channels , cells , and tissue .