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The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire did not produce thinkers or writers who did as much for the progress of mankind as was done by the philosophers , the historians , and the poets of Greece , and the fruits of Greek genius were mainly due to the intellectual achievements of Athens during not much more than a century . There may dearly arise cases in which a fair difference of opinion may exist on the question whether the Speaker can honestly give the required certificate . " He is but indirectly concerned in ascertaining what are the rules of the constitution in the year 1908 . This tendency to diminish the sphere of the rule of law is shown , for instance , in the judicial powers conferred upon the Education Commissioners by the Education Act , 1902,47 on various officials by the National Insurance Acts , 1911 and 1913,48 and on the Commissioners of Inland Revenue and other officials by the Finance Act , 1910.49 It is also shown by the Parliament Act , 1911 , s. 3 , which enacts that " any certificate of the Speaker of the House of Commons given under this Act shall be conclusive for all purposes and shall not be questioned in any Court of law . In such jurisdictions , the legislature can prescribe procedures for getting on the ballot , and it could provide that a sortition process like that described above could be used to reduce the number of candidates on the ballot to two , the final selection to be made by popular election .