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The total estimated gain to low and middle income countries , when the changes are phased in by 2015 , is an extra 0.6 percent of GDP . About three-quarters of IMF technical assistance goes to low and lower-middle income countries , particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia . All communities need to recognize that antiretroviral therapies , available to all groups in some industrialized and middle income countries , are extremely expensive and not a panacea . We also emphasize our strong conviction that the interests of consumers in developing countries are strongly linked to the interests of consumers in higher income countries , in the following sense . Higher income countries , such as Japan and South Korea , increase beef imports , reflecting domestic cattle sectors that are constrained by land availability . During the meeting of the reference group in 2001 , four priority areas were identified where methods and assumptions should be reviewed and perhaps modified : a ) models of the HIV epidemic , b ) survival of adults with HIV-1 in low and middle income countries , c ) survival of children with HIV-1 in low and middle income countries , and d ) methods to estimate numbers of AIDS orphans . Pharmaceutical companies sought higher prices in higher income countries , and lower prices in countries with lower incomes . There is a new issue that is becoming more and more important , and of course , it has nothing to do with public aid , but it is having a very great impact on low - income countries , and that is remittances . However , in half of the low - and lower-middle income countries , fertility , population growth and unmet family planning needs remain high while contraceptive use continues to be low . Secondly , the debt trap is entangling more and more countries and now has reached middle income countries , those with the best hopes for genuine development . Nutrition programmes in this group may also have important beneficial interactions ( through human capital formation ) with economic growth.In higher income countries , nutrition programmes eventually merge with social welfare and health services . The first deadline for compliance with the new benchmark settlement rates , which applies only to rates with upper income countries , does not occur until January 1 , 1999 . Compared with higher income countries , lower income nations have scarce resources for provision of care and so there is an urgent need to identify effective - and cost efficient - interventions . It does not include 85 other countries classified by the World Bank as low or lower-middle income countries , many of which have good policies in place and need aid to develop . Even in lower-middle income countries , the cost of 20 hours of inferior Internet service is nearly one-third the average monthly income . According to the WHO ’ s 2002 world report on violence and health , 85 per cent of suicides occur in low / middle income countries , but they account for less than 10 per cent of published research.Self-harm is criminalised in many countries , including India , and most policies are narrowly focussed on mental illness rather than comprehensive mental well being . And in low - and middle - income countries , women are particularly vulnerable to family violence .