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[lemma=the] [lemma=institute | □]
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Students need to do projects that involve the manipulation of data through the use of GIS applications and to be exposed to the theoretical aspects of the technology , so that GIS would be taught in a socially responsible manner . For example , Kerry has pledged to sign a bill legalizing card-check union elections , which would result in the organization of many million more workers into the labor movement . As course designers , the problem we now face is how to give each student not only the theory but actual experience with the projects and equipment that are now the " bread and butter " of civil engineering practice . The objective of both courses is to develop and improve the understanding for the discipline-specific benefits and pitfalls of the application of GIS in water management and hydrology . However CBTs must be supplemented by other services , especially the communication services , for enhancing the understanding of the subjects and for building professional links . This shift in focus has led to the creation of a generation of geographers , and many others interested in the application of GIS technology , who are , at best , able to apply perhaps 10 % of the power of the technology , and this often incorrectly . First , we must in all GIS education programs firm up our presentation of both fundamental concepts and of the full scope of the technology . The organization and implementation is vested in the University of Iowa ( at the Center for International and Comparative Studies ( CICS ) ) as the lead institution for the Iowa consortium and the University of Ibadan ( at the Department of Geography ) serves as the lead for the Nigerian institutions . In most cases the systems were acquired without any structured evaluation of the needs of the organization . Local technicians require further preparation in the theoretical and practical aspects of the technology . The computer-environment of the GIS users ? The technology can then be adapted to the needs and capabilities of the particular situation in which it is to be used .