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In those swift-flowing muddy waters below her were many people who were not so lucky . The table also indicates : the number of countries in each sub-region at each level of evaluation ; the number of people , on average , who live on US $ 1 a day ; and the number of people living below the national poverty line . The agriculture sector highlights perhaps more clearly than any other the extent and severity of potential impacts of climate change on food production , food security , lost livelihoods , environmental damage and environmental migration . Water use grows under each of the scenarios , as populations expand and incomes grow . Common outcomes are excessive algal growth ( or algal blooms ) insurface waters , oxygen depletion , enhanced growth and dominance of some species that grow better with higher nitrogen conditions and reduced growth of others , resulting in ecosystem imbalance and a decline in species richness . At present , large quantities of industrial and domestic wastewater are discharged untreated into watercourses and coastal waters and the resulting pollution poses a risk to human and aquatic life . In the waters off the coast of the Northeastern United States , pilot studies are underway to farm halibut , haddock , flounder and other species . Those who are least vulnerable cope the best and enjoy security , while the opposite applies to those households , communities or broader populations who are most vulnerable and who stand to lose the most from the effects of environmental change and other risks , shocks or stresses . In any circumstances in Africa for now , the scenario of low coping capacities exists . And so each time he goes fishing , there will be fish in the sea . Regional lobbying is needed to support the efforts of African governments in persuading developed countries to open up their markets , and to eliminate subsidies on agriculture , textiles and other export products competing with those of the region . Environmental changes almost always have a greater impact on those who live in poverty . During the last decades , there has been a continued decline in fish resources in the ' developing ' phase , and an increase of those in the depleted or over-exploited ( ' senescent ' ) phase , somewhat offset by the emergence of resources in the ' recovering ' phase . Information on thermal characteristics is also valuable for prospective homeowners – buyers can make better decisions if they know the energy efficiency of the house they are thinking of buying . These resources are , however , declining rapidly under the pressures of habitat loss , overharvesting of selected species , the spread of alien species , and illegal activities . Each year we include a range of available indicators , particularly including any that have been updated or which shed new light on key trends . Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage , lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation . Economic instruments in support of agricultural policy goals are , arguably , those that have had the most detrimental effect on the environment . Sofia Pedro made world headlines in March 2000 when she gave birth to a daughter in a tree as the furious and raging waters of the flooded Limpopo River gushed below , laying to waste surrounding areas and devastating the lives of hundreds of thousands of her Mozambican compatriots . However , Africa 's soils are not generally suited to cultivation , rainfall is variable in much of Africa and irrigation has been developed in only a few countries . Each system offers food production benefits but also has the potential to create environmental damage – both of which can be improved through effective policy responses . For development to be sustainable , the stock of national capital at any given time in the future must be greater than the current amount . She observes that this is " an extraordinary result for any private collection .