We demonstrate that : 1 ) RANTES promoter activity is up-regulated by PMA plus ionomycin , coexpression of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor ( NF ) -kappa B , the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta , and the CD28 costimulatory pathway ; 2 ) the RANTES promoter region contains four NF-kappa B binding sites at positions -30 , -44 , -213 , and -579 relative to the transcription start site ; 3 ) one site ( -213 ) is an NF-AT ( nuclear factor of activated T cells ) binding site that also has weak affinity to NF-kappa B , and the most distal site ( -579 ) also serves as a CD28-responsive element ; and 4 ) mutation on any of those NF-kappa B sites or coexpression of I kappa B alpha ( cytoplasmic inhibitor of NF-kappa B ) markedly reduced the promoter activity .
we demonstrate that : 1 ) rantes promoter activity is up-regulated by pma plus ionomycin , coexpression of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor ( nf ) -kappa b , the proinflammatory cytokines tnf-alpha and il-1 beta , and the cd28 costimulatory pathway ; 2 ) the rantes promoter region contains four nf-kappa b binding sites at positions -30 , -44 , -213 , and -579 relative to the transcription start site ; 3 ) one site ( -213 ) is an nf-at ( nuclear factor of activated t cells ) binding site that also has weak affinity to nf-kappa b , and the most distal site ( -579 ) also serves as a cd28-responsive element ; and 4 ) mutation on any of those nf-kappa b sites or coexpression of i kappa b alpha ( cytoplasmic inhibitor of nf-kappa b ) markedly reduced the promoter activity .
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