As several inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stresses are involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection , we investigated the inhibitory effects of cepharanthine on tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) - and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ( PMA ) - induced HIV-1 replication in chronically infected cell lines .
as several inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stresses are involved in the pathogenesis of hiv-1 infection , we investigated the inhibitory effects of cepharanthine on tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnf-alpha ) - and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ( pma ) - induced hiv-1 replication in chronically infected cell lines .
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