Freshly isolated T cells from lupus patients , rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) patients , and normal individuals were activated physiologically via the TCR with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs to assess proximal membrane signaling , and with PMA and a calcium ionophore ( A23187 ) to bypass membrane-mediated signaling events .
freshly isolated t cells from lupus patients , rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) patients , and normal individuals were activated physiologically via the tcr with anti-cd3 and anti-cd28 abs to assess proximal membrane signaling , and with pma and a calcium ionophore ( a23187 ) to bypass membrane-mediated signaling events .
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