Starfleet Medical Surgeon General
The Starfleet Medical Surgeon General, often shortened to "Starfleet Surgeon General" or simply "the Surgeon General", was an authoritative position within Starfleet Medical that existed during the 23rd and 24th centuries. 
  
The Surgeon General's office had the power to relieve starship medical officers who were judged to be incompetent. An example of this occurred in 2269, when the office, in cooperation with Starfleet Command, relieved Doctor Arthur Coleman for "administrative incompetence" and making "flagrant medical blunders". 

Upon "James T. Kirk"s assertion that Coleman's removal might have been politically motivated, Leonard McCoy remarked that politics, such as those involved in promotions and demotions, were not to be found in Starfleet Headquarters, "and certainly not in the Surgeon General's office." 

Later, Spock suggested that the Surgeon General's office ought to be informed of Kirk's apparent madness, but McCoy rebuffed the Vulcan's suggestion, saying they preferred specific test results to personal opinions. ()

During the 2370s, biological sample kits were provided by the Starfleet Medical Surgeon General under order 315. (, et al.)

See also 
 Starfleet Surgeons
Medical organizations