Heat shield
A heat shield was a surface or energy barrier designed to prevent damage to spacecraft structures when that spacecraft approached a star or entered the atmosphere of a planet.

When the  attempted the slingshot effect around Sol, Pavel Chekov noted that the heat shields were at maximum moments after the ship hit warp 8. ()

The  used its deflector shields when it entered the atmosphere of Minos during a conflict with the Echo Papa 607 weapons system. ()

The escape pods of  starships had heat shields that lay flush with the surface of the hull when in place. ()

See also 
 Metaphasic shield

External link 
 
de:Hitzeschild
Shield technology