Earthquake
An earthquake, seaquake, moon quake, quake, tremor, temblor, or seismic and or geological disturbance was the name given to a seismic shock wave caused by the movement of tectonic plates in a planet or moons crust. Quakes are caused by tectonic plates suddenly sliding over or past each other, releasing immense stresses which may have been accumulating between the plates for centuries. On Earth, the strength of an earthquake was measured according to the Richter scale. ()

History 
In 1865, San Francisco was struck by an earthquake. ()

On Earth, in 2047, the Hermosa Quake struck the western coastline of the United States causing parts of Los Angeles to sink into the Pacific Ocean. ()

In 2151, the Novan Jamin made the Sky Ship of Captain Jonathan Archer responsible to quake the tunnels and the fall of Akary into the underground well. ()

In 2153, a group of Denobulan scientists studied a system of caves on the planet , seeking to avert seismic disasters on Denobula. ()

By the 24th century, seismic regulators were employed on Earth and Risa to control seismic activity in their crusts. In 2373, Pascal Fullerton cited the regulators as being an example of the illusion that Risa was. (; )

In 2268,  mentioned a seismic disturbance to Captain James T. Kirk ()

In 2269, a seismic disturbance was mentioned in the captain's log during the mission to . () 

Later that year, the  visited a so-called "mad planet" which contained constant earthquakes, gravitic shifts, tidal waves, and high temperatures. ()

Sometimes, residents of planets other than Earth referred to earthquakes as landquakes. In 2366, the people of Bre'el IV feared that many such events would affect their planet if their moon impacted on the surface. ()

An earthquake of about 8 or 8.5 on the Richter scale was measured on Penthara IV after pockets of subterranean carbon dioxide were released by drilling holes with a phaser drill. ()

In 2367, when  styling herself as Ardra visited Ventax II, she used technology to create a series of minor tremors on the planet and thus terrorize the populace. Captain Jean-Luc Picard later used similar technology to prove that what "Ardra" had done was not magic. ()

In the Julian Bashir, Secret Agent holoprogram, the character Hippocrates Noah used lasers beneath Earth's surface to create artificial earthquakes. New York City and Vladivostok were among those struck. ()

In 2376, the  triggered repeated earthquakes while it was trapped in orbit of a high revolution planet. Voyager acted like a third planetary pole, and interfered with the planets natural course of evolution. The planet's inhabitants used much more iron in their buildings to protect them from the earthquakes than would normally be seen in a civilization at that stage. Buildings also had handles throughout them in case of an earthquake. ()

Appendices

Background information
In "Time's Arrow, Part II", taking place in 1893, Doctor Apollinaire said, "There hasn't been an earthquake here [San Francisco] in thirty years." He is referencing the "great" earthquake of October 8, 1865, which occurred on the San Andreas Fault.  Coincidentally, Samuel Clemens, who also appears in the episode, was in San Francisco during that earlier quake, the effects of which he described in his memoir Roughing It.  Dr. Appollinaire's dismissive attitude is also meant to be ironic, since San Francisco experienced an even more devastating earthquake in , only thirteen years later. 

During an earthquake in Los Angeles, Armin Shimerman rushed home while in his Ferengi makeup to make sure his wife, Kitty Swink, and family were unharmed. His makeup "scared the shit out of people", as he remarked later.

Apocrypha 
The novel A Time for War, A Time for Peace notes a major earthquake struck San Francisco in 2109, suggesting that seismic regulators had not come into use until after that date. An earthquake is also mentioned in an unusual storyline, based within the travels of a young scientist, in the book New Worlds, New Civilizations.

External links

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Geology