Sun Tzu
Sun Tzu was a Chinese general and philosopher from Earth's ancient history. He was known for his influential text The Art of War.

Sun Tzu once said that "the greatest victories are those won without fighting". When Malcolm Reed quoted him thus to Marab in 2154, the Klingon replied with the opposite viewpoint of Kahless, who had once said "there is no victory without combat". ()

Sun Tzu also said "All warfare is based on deception. When you are able to attack, you must seem unable", as well as "He will triumph who knows when to fight and when not to fight", and "Know your enemy and know yourself, and you will always be victorious". (; )

Sun Tzu stated "Be extremely subtle, even to the point of formlessness. Be extremely mysterious, even to the point of soundlessness. Thereby you can be the director of your opponent's fate". Both Saru and  were familiar with this saying, even though Georgiou was from the mirror universe. ()

The strategies of Sun Tzu were still taught at Starfleet Academy during the 24th century. Both Jean-Luc Picard and William T. Riker were familiar with his works; upon reading Riker's mind in 2364, Portal 63 was fascinated by Sun Tzu's wisdom and considered it similar to Tkon thinking. ()

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Humans
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