Carotid artery
The carotid arteries were responsible for delivering blood containing oxygen and nutrients to the brain in most humanoid species. There was one carotid artery on each side of the typical humanoid neck. This artery was often used as the injection point for hyposprays containing intra-arterial medication. The size of these arteries, and their proximity to both the surface of the skin (at the neck) and to the brain made them an excellent choice for most such medications.

When Khan Noonien Singh was revived from suspended animation in 2267, he held a scalpel to Leonard McCoy's throat and demanded to know where he was. McCoy refused to answer, but offered a suggestion to Khan, that it would be most effective to slice the carotid just under his ear. ()

In 2369, in "Takaran Anatomy" for Doctor Jo'Bril, the carotid artery was listed under lateral sternal in the graphic. ()

In 2371, The Doctor treated Fred Noonan’s lacerated carotid artery, caused by weapons fire. ()

The Jem'Hadar took ketracel-white directly into their carotid artery via a supply tube on their neck. ()

When Harry Kim was attacked by a member of Species 8472 in 2374, The Doctor injected nanoprobes through his carotid artery. ()

While Chakotay was hallucinating when the  was trapped in chaotic space in 2375, a vision of The Doctor told him that a hard blow to the neck from an opponent in a boxing match would sever the carotid artery and cut off blood flow to the brain. ()

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Anatomy