Manchurian test
The Manchurian test was a test used by Starfleet doctors in the mid-23rd century. The test consisted of random memory sampling and was deemed highly effective at detecting what used to be called brainwashing, the installation of commands or personality engrams underneath a functioning consciousness. ()

The person believed to be Ash Tyler was submitted to a Manchurian test, as well as a full set of physical scans, upon being rescued from Klingon captivity. Though after the tests he was allowed to return to active duty, Tyler nonetheless proved to be a Klingon agent. () He was later revealed to be a Klingon altered as per a species reassignment protocol called choH'a'.  ()

Medical scans
Psychology