Orbiting Solar Observatory
The Orbiting Solar Observatory, or OSO, was a 20th century series of artificial satellites used by NASA for studying the physical properties of the Sun. 

A black-and-white drawing of the satellite was stored in the  library computer. This drawing was retrieved by the Talosians when they accessed the starship's computers in 2254. ()

External link
 

fr:Programme Orbiting Solar Observatory
Earth probes (retconned)