Rudellian plague
Rudellian plague was an infectious disease that afflicted Cardassians. 

The Cardassian colony on Pentath III suffered an outbreak of Rudellian plague in 2372, due to a decline in public health caused by the Klingon-Cardassian War. Several medical relief convoys were sent in response to the plague, each escorted by a Federation starship. ()

See also  
 Rudellian brain fever

External link

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Medical conditions