Nova
A nova was an event in which a star dramatically increased in brightness for a relatively short period of time.

A supernova could be induced by firing an antimatter missile into a nova's core. () After finding an entire solar system reduced to rubble and asteroids, James T. Kirk stated that only a nova could do such a thing. ()

A chart in the command briefing for Operation Retrieve featured Frazee's Nova and Winter's Nova. ()

History
The Fabrina solar system went nova some ten thousand years before the Earth year 2268, resulting in the destruction of its planets. Towards the end, the Fabrini people lived underground to protect themselves. ()

Sahndara went nova millenia before the 23rd century. Its inhabitants, later known as Platonians, managed to escape. ()

Kataan's sun went nova in the 14th century, destroying all life on the planet. The star's brightening was noted by the natives of the planet, who launched a probe to preserve some of their culture. ()

In 2268, Minara entered a nova phase. The crew of the  witnessed the the star going nova. ()

See also
Fornax Disaster
Supernova

External link 
 

ja:新星
Astronomical phenomena