Memory
Memory was one of the mental processes of the mind. It was the repository of all the information an individual acquired through their lifetime. In this period, the information was being encoded, stored, and retrieved. Memory was divided into stages, with two of them being short-term memory and long-term memory. The act of deliberately storing a memory was known as memorization. The amount of memory an individual could possess was known as memory capacity. The loss of memory was known as amnesia. (; ) 

The Talosians of Talos IV were capable of reaching into the minds of their specimens and creating an illusion out of an individual's memory for them to relive. For example, Captain Christopher Pikes mission to Rigel VII. ()

In 2268, Commander Spock and Lieutenant  agreed that the  should attack a Romulan Bird-of-Prey which was on the Earth side of the Romulan Neutral Zone. Doctor Leonard McCoy was dismissive of attacking them based on the memories of a war over a century before, and on theories about people they had never met face-to-face. ()

According to Doctor Katherine Pulaski in 2365, reliving memories was a natural side effect of neural stimulation. ()

See also 
 Collective memory
 Computer memory
 Cultural memory
 Engram

External link 
 
Psychology
Biology