Xindi-Insectoid
Xindi-Insectoids were members of the multi-species Xindi race.

History 
At the conclusion of the Xindi Civil War on their geologically unstable homeworld of Xindus, the Insectoids, together with the Reptilians, committed an act of desperation by detonating gigantic explosions under the eight largest seismic fissures. Thus, the Insectoids contributed to Xindus' destruction and the extinction of the Xindi-Avians, though some Insectoids managed to escape. ()

Two Insectoid ambassadors sat on the Xindi Council. These were an Insectoid councilor and its aide. () 

Very soon after  entered the Delphic Expanse and visited the ruined remains of Xindus, numerous Xindi-Insectoid vessels were either sent or at least intended to be sent to destroy Enterprise. The deployment of these ships was planned by the Xindi-Insectoid councilor, who voiced frustration with the rate at which the Xindi Council was proceeding. ()

Aboard Enterprise, there were multiple instances when Xindi-Insectoids were hallucinated. On one such occasion, the starship's tactical officer, Lieutenant Malcolm Reed, thought one was hiding in the shadows of his quarters. () Also, two imaginary Insectoids were among numerous hallucinations that Doctor Phlox believed he actually saw while he alone was conscious aboard Enterprise. ()

The Xindi-Insectoids allied themselves with Commander Dolim in a plan to steal the Xindi weapon and destroy Earth against the will of the Xindi Council. But when the other species tried to stop them and the Sphere-Builders intervened with the help of a nearby Sphere, the Insectoid councilor began to doubt and started to suspect there was truth in what Captain Archer told the Council. ()

In 3190, Xindi-Insectoid delegates were allied with the  and were the sole members of the Xindi present at the Multilateral DMA Strategy Assembly. They voted for diplomacy with Unknown Species 10-C. ()

Physiology 
The Insectoids, like all Xindi species, had distinctive ridges on their cheeks. They were, as their name suggests, insect-like in appearance. Their average life expectancy was estimated to be twelve years. It was easy to find, on their ships, individuals about ten years old, who were probably considered "elders."

They were genderless and reproduced asexually. Also, because of their insectoid nature and the shortness of their life span, they were strongly concerned over the survival of their offspring. They protected their young by making a hatchery attached to their ships and shielded it in case of danger, even at the expense of the ship's life support system. Each individual was able to produce large clusters of eggs.

The eggs could not survive out of the ship and were equipped with a gland capable of producing a powerful and subtle neurotoxin. If an unexpected presence was detected in the vicinity of the eggs, the clusters would spray the substance on the intruder, causing (in the latter) an instinctive, obsessive interest in protecting and nurturing the hatchling. ()

By the late 32nd century, at least some members of the species (like the Insectoid delegate at the Multilateral DMA Strategy Assembly in 3190) were considerably more humanoid in appearance, though they still had noticeable insect-like features. ()

Language 
The Xindi-Insectoid language was a clicking dialogue that was the most unusual and complex of all Xindi languages, save that of the Aquatics. In fact, there were sixty-seven dialects of the Insectoid language. Insectoid had names that grew longer and more difficult to pronounce as they grew older. ()

Philosophy and external affairs 
Insectoids interpreted raised voices as a sign of hostility. They were quick to make decisions and were often in alliance with the Xindi-Reptilians. Both species used to trade their technology between each other and usually agreed on all decisions. Like the Reptilians, the Insectoids were mostly determined to do the bidding of the Sphere-Builders and exterminate Humanity. ()

Uniforms and equipment 
Insectoid ambassadors who were included in the Xindi Council wore long robes. () For battle, Insectoids also had black body armor available. ()

The Xindi-Insectoids utilized a diversity of spacecraft. Members of the species most commonly used Xindi-Insectoid starships. (, et al.) Other Insectoid vessels included patrol ships, scout ships, and assault shuttles. () Insectoid technology additionally included a type of rifle. ()

Appendices

Appearances 
 
 (voice only)

 (Changeling)

Background information

Physical design 

Creating and depicting the Xindi-Insectoids required the input of multiple contributors. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, pp. 14 & 16) The Insectoids were also extremely expensive to represent. (In a Time of War, Part Three: Final Conflict, ENT Season 3 Blu-ray special features)

The notion of there being an insect-like race of Xindi was devised by Executive Producers Rick Berman and Brannon Braga, who also decided that the Insectoids, in common with the Xindi-Aquatics, would be created with CGI. () The fact the Insectoids were to be "computer-generated characters" was noted in the final draft scripts of ENT Season 3 episodes  and . This choice having been made, the process of designing the Insectoids was about to proceed with sketches done by Visual Effects Producer Dan Curry. ("Visual Effects Magic", ENT Season 4 DVD special features; ) The brief for the Insectoids was that they should be generally humanoid, rather than creatures which crawled around on the ground. "We wanted a creature that was about the size of a Human being so people could look into its face," said Curry. "I looked at macro shots of various insects and then did kind of an amalgam of a fly and an ant." Curry initiated the design as a concept sketch, dated . (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 15)

A particular consideration was exactly how many arms and legs the Insectoids were going to have. Dan Curry revealed, "My first thoughts were they would have six appendages like insects on Earth, but Rick [Berman] felt that they evolved to a higher life-form. So the middle two became vestigial and actually went away." () The thinking behind this was that, as the Insectoids had become bipedal, they had no longer needed their third pair of appendages. In practical terms, omitting them also minimized the time it would take to animate the creatures. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 15)

One requirement was that the Xindi-Insectoid seem visually compatible with the other Xindi, so the design for the Xindi-Reptilians proved to be a significant influence. Noted Curry, "The scaling pattern on the head of the insectoid is not dissimilar." ()

While crafting the design of the Insectoids, Dan Curry paid much attention to working out precisely how the Insectoids functioned. He decided their method of speaking was by making a series of clicking noises with their mandibles, rather than using a conventional voice box powered by air from their lungs. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 15) Despite designing the Insectoids to have only four appendages, Curry still kept them obviously based on real-life insects. He recalled, "I kept a lot of insect attributes like the compound eyes and breathing tubes through the side. So the creature we have now is basically inspired by a variety of different insect species that I put together – the head's kind of fly-like, with a little ant-ness." () Wanting to make the Insectoids look intelligent, though, Curry made the foreheads slightly larger than normal. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 15)

In the script for "Hatchery", fetal Insectoids were referred to as "spider-like". For that project, Dan Curry returned to his original design concept for the Insectoids and sketched a young-looking member of the species. He later described this as a "Bambi-fied" version of the Insectoids. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 17)

Creating CGI 
Dan Curry's concept artwork was provided to Eden FX, who were tasked with building the CGI model for the Insectoids. Recalling the illustrations, one of Eden's CG artists, Digital Effects Supervisor John Teska, stated, "That was a sketch of the character, and a couple of revisions for the head close-up and things like that. I had a pretty good idea of what they looked like before we started building." ("Visual Effects Magic", ENT Season 4 DVD special features) Because designs for Insectoid chairs and clothing were also produced, Teska was impressed by how much thought the design team were spending on the Insectoids. He related, "When I got that [sketch], I realized, 'OK, they are taking these guys seriously! They've got wardrobe, they've got chairs!" ()

John Teska created the digital model for the Insectoids. ("Visual Effects Magic", ENT Season 4 DVD special features; ) It was built as a full 3D model. In early renders of at least an Insectoid head (if not also a full Insectoid body), Teska arranged the basic textures in place. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, pp. 15 & 14) He recalled, "I dug out all my insect reference – great books with scanning electron micro-photography – where I got a lot of the ideas for the smaller details, like little hairs around the eyes, the things that didn't show up in the pencil sketches." () Teska elaborated, "It was several weeks of first working up the geometry, building this basic polygonal, you know, polygon cage, sort of like low [resolution] at first, just to work out proportions and what they looked like. Then, building this elaborate skeleton that would basically allow us to move them like a character, like a puppet on the screen." ("Visual Effects Magic", ENT Season 4 DVD special features) John Teska not only digitally built the Insectoids but also determined how they would move. In addition, he created a CG version of the baby Insectoid, working out how it would move. The final step in the creation of these infants was to create a fully rendered version of them, which could be shown moving. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, pp. 16 & 17)

For the adult Insectoids, however, having a CG model was merely the beginning of the process. Dan Curry pointed out, "The Insectoids had to convey emotion, they had to give a performance, they had to have body language." (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 16)

Capturing performances 

Unlike with the Xindi-Aquatics, stand-ins were used for the Xindi-Insectoids, to give the directors and animators references for CGI placement.  The decision to use this procedure was inspired by the success of the CG character  from , he having commonly been "played" by actor . "I decided, I want to go into this with the same idea," explained Visual Effects Supervisor Ronald B. Moore.

The stand-ins wore special suits, which helped to track their movements for such episodes as "The Xindi" – the only episode wherein Moore used motion-control because the production staffers wanted to digitally replicate even the minutest actions of the performers. "So, Dan [Curry] came up [...] as only Dan can do, with roles of tape and started putting grids all over these guys," Moore continued. "We got black suits made for them. And put the grids on, so we could follow them [....] [We] didn't exactly know what we were up against, with these guys." As it turned out, the animators did so well at replacing the stand-ins with the CGI that it was evident motion-control was not required. ("Visual Effects Magic", ENT Season 4 DVD special features)

Whenever the Insectoids were to appear on screen, the creation of the footage began with one or more of the stand-ins on stage, each dressed in one of the grid-covered suits which gave the artists at Eden FX reference for all the different movements.(Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 16) Each set of clothing primarily consisted of a form-fitting pair of cotton trousers, a long-sleeved shirt with a hood that had an eye opening, a pair of gloves and a pair of black Reebok shoes. The grids were white and stitched into all the clothing apart from the shoes. Except for the grids, each entire outfit was black. Both pairs of shoes were inscribed "D. Madalone". Similarly, even during (and after) being used for the Insectoid stand-in work, one of the shirts was branded with a  tag inscribed "Ethan Phillips", a name tag which had been written over. The fingers in the gloves were taped together, which gave each hand a three-fingered alien appearance. Each partitioning of the fingers was attached to a thin replication claw.  The claws were made out of foam core by Dan Curry, who crafted them with the intention of providing the stand-ins the feeling of having insectoid claws. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 17) "The stand-ins [were] just on regular boxes, though; they don't have a butt like that [of the Insectoids]!" exclaimed Curry. ()

The stand-ins who "played" the role of the Insectoids were Evan English and Tarik Ergin. ("Visual Effects Magic", ENT Season 4 DVD special features) It was Ergin's clothing which featured the written-over "Ethan Phillips" name tag, although Ergin's clothing also featured multiple other sewn-in tags showing his own first name.  Dan Curry remembered, "Ron Moore [...] was very strong in using the stand-ins for performance; that way they could read dialogue and participate in the scene, so the other actors knew where to look." () Regarding how much enthusiasm the stand-ins put into their portrayals, Curry offered, "[They] were really into playing the Insectoids [....] They really gave a performance and didn't just walk through it." (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 17)

Typically, after footage of one of the stand-ins was recorded, the process continued with him stepping out of the frame, followed by the action being re-staged and re-filmed without him in shot. The absence of the actor allowed space for the animators to digitally add the Insectoid, later. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 17)

Executing animation 

Adding the Insectoids into pre-filmed footage was far from easy. Even though the shot of the actor gave the animators a reference for positioning the Insectoid's head and arms, the CG creature still had to be blended seamlessly into the background, which meant the animators needed to recreate 3D space. Where he could, Dan Curry used a considerably low-tech technique to provide them with some useful reference. "A lot of times I would use a little bounding box I made out of chopsticks hotglued together," he remembered. "By looking at that the animators could see the changes in perspective as the camera moved around." Animating each Insectoid was done by moving a wireframe skeleton under the CG flesh. Thereafter, basic animation of the CG Insectoid was created to match the movements of the stand-ins, visually replacing them in the pre-recorded footage. The final step of the process was to create the creature in full resolution, carefully matching the CG lighting with the lighting on the set. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, pp. 17 & 16) Thus, the live-action footage gave the CG animators reference of not only what the stand-ins' performances were like but also how light had affected those performers. () It was somewhat difficult for the animators to match the on-set lighting, as the sets were dark, with many different sources of light. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 17) The editors nonetheless tried to ensure the CGI Insectoids fit convincingly into the appropriate shots. ()

John Teska regularly animated the Insectoids. Robert Bonchune, effects supervisor at Eden FX, commented, "The Xindi insects are kind of his baby, so when they come along we usually give them to him, 90 per cent of the time, at least on the shows I supervise." ()

Reception 
Ultimately, Ron Moore was impressed with the use of stand-ins. Although aware that the actors were intentionally playing different characters, he believed viewers can also see behavioral differences in the roles. ("Visual Effects Magic", ENT Season 4 DVD special features) Dan Curry was also pleased with how life-like the Insectoids ultimately became, pointing out, "The Insectoids are effectively there, they interact." () He also approved of how the animators matched the CG lighting with the real on-stage lighting, remarking, "They were really great at matching that." He was keen to acknowledge the collaborative means in which the Insectoids were brought to life, saying, "The success of the Insectoids is really a testament to the artistry of our team." (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 17) Consulting Producer David A. Goodman and Director David Livingston concurred that the Insectoids (in common with the Aquatics) were "great" though "kinda weird." ( audio commentary, ENT Season 3 Blu-ray special features) André Bormanis remarked that the Insectoids "came off really well." Making a statement Bormanis agreed with and found funny, Co-Executive Producer Chris Black jokingly observed, "It would've been so easy if only we'd known, you only ever saw them on screens, that they were actually only like three inches tall and all you had to do was step on them." ( audio commentary, ENT Season 3 Blu-ray special features) Phlox actor John Billingsley was extremely critical of the Insectoids, which he described as "clicking little centipedes," and didn't believe they looked frightening enough, due to the series' limited budgets. (In a Time of War, Part Three: Final Conflict, ENT Season 3 Blu-ray special features)

Props and costumes 
Having designed the Xindi-Insectoids to be incapable of sitting on a regular chair, Dan Curry designed a special type of chair for the ambassadors of the species, and their "Insectoid butts." (; Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, p. 16) John Teska digitally modeled a version of the Insectoid chair. "We got a sample from the real chair," he reflected, "and I matched the wood grain, and everything; we actually had the prop chair here for a day." ()

Although Insectoid armor appears only in the episode , an image in  of two wireframe Insectoids showed them wearing armor. In the final draft script of "Rajiin", this clothing was described as "shining, beetle-like armor."

Dan Curry additionally designed the Insectoid armor. () He invested thorough thinking in the Insectoid clothing. Bearing in mind that insects breath through tubes in their sides, he made sure the sides of their clothing were open. "It looks like the kind of thing Medieval knights would drape over their coats of mail," Curry observed. (Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection issue 24, pp. 15-16) On the other hand, the medieval robes worn by the Insectoid ambassadors were designed by Bob Blackman, who usually designed costumes for live-action usage. "Since he designed all the other Xindi garments," said Curry, "I felt it was best if Bob gave us some direction." ()

The Insectoid costumes were very popular with the creative team. Production illustrator John Eaves exclaimed, "I so loved the costumes that Bob Blackman came up with for these nasty space demons!!!"  Of course, the designs for the Insectoid chair and clothing likewise impressed John Teska. ()

The suits used by Tarik Ergin and Evan English as stand-ins for the CGI Insectoids were sold off on the It's A Wrap! sale and auction.

Apocrypha 
In the ization of , the Insectoids are described as having "darkly gossamer wings" and "slender, fine-haired limbs" as well as a "glistening black carapace," under which was a thorax. The novelization specifies the Insectoids lacked a protective internal skeleton and "the teeth, tongue, and palate necessary to articulate primate speech."

The book also details how Insectoid behavior, seemingly manic by the standards of any other Xindi species, came about; their shorter lifespans and absence of an internal skeleton resulted in the Insectoids developing mannerisms based on a sense of urgency. By rubbing its wings together, an Insectoid could create "a shrill blast," which they did when requesting attention. The Insectoids are described as "notoriously skeptical" as well as typically agitated and, according to a frequently stated Xindi-Primate belief, Insectoids obviously didn't think at all. 

Following the announcement to the Xindi population that the Xindi Council were planning to destroy Earth, the Insectoids not only rallied to support the anti-Earth efforts but also presented lavish donations to a group of Reptilian children, who had been orphaned by the warrior who had piloted the Xindi probe which had attacked Earth.

External link 
 
de:Xindi-Insektoid
fr:Xindi-Insectoïde
ja:ズィンディ昆虫族
pl:Xindi-Insektoidy
ru:Зинди-инсектоиды
Species