Premeditation
Premeditation was the act of contemplating or planning a crime before committing it. Premeditated crimes, particularly murder, were often seen as more heinous due to their being plotted beforehand. This could lead to a stiffer sentence.

In 2367, Sabin Genestra accused Simon Tarses of having premeditatively lied about his Romulan paternal grandfather when enlisting with Starfleet. ()

In 2377, Neelix noted that some of the criminals convicted under the Nygean legal system were not executed or punished, yet Joleg received a death sentence. Joleg explained the discrepancy as being due to their practice of Vekto Valek K'Vadim. ()

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Law