Mind meld
The Vulcan mind meld, also known as the mind link, mind probe, mind fusion, mind touch, or simply meld, was a telepathic link between two individuals. It allowed for an intimate exchange of thoughts, thus in essence enabling the participants to become one mind, sharing consciousness in a kind of gestalt. (; ; et al.)

Normally, it was employed only by Vulcans. It was a deeply personal thing, part of the private life, and generally not used on aliens. () However, it was possible for telepaths of other species, including Humans, to learn the technique. () Cases were also known where the mind meld was initiated between a Vulcan and a non-Vulcan, (; ; ) a Vulcan and a machine, () and even an android and a Human. ()

Technique 
Physical contact was not strictly required but could enhance the effectiveness of the Vulcan's telepathic abilities. () When physical contact was used in a mind meld with a humanoid, the initiator placed the tips of their fingers at key locations on the head of the other participant. (, et al.)

A mind meld could also be used by its initiator to probe another person's mind, while the melder shielded his or her own mind from being read by the other participant. ()

Some species, including Cardassians, could resist the technique, shielding their thoughts from the attempted probe. Cardassian Gul Dukat resisted a forcible attempt by Vulcan Maquis member Sakonna to mind meld with him during an interrogation Sakonna performed on behalf of the Maquis. Dukat explained this ability to resist as "simply a matter of discipline." () Hazari could also resist a mind meld. ()

A mind meld could even be used to transfer the entire personality or "soul" (known to Vulcans as the katra) of an individual into another body. (, ) A special, appropriately prepared receptacle, such as a katric ark, could also be used. (; ) Vulcans (and Trill, through the zhian'tara ritual) did this without aid, whereas a number of people and species were able to achieve similar feats with technology, such as the Arretans, Janice Lester, Dr. Ira Graves, Rao Vantika, and Tieran. (; ; ; ; )

Side effects 
Melding carried some risk. It could be physically debilitating for both parties and involved pressure changes which could potentially aggravate existing conditions. The melding resulted in some loss of identity, and could be difficult to break, especially when the subject's mind was powerful or dynamic. Aftereffects could be treated with the drug lexorin. (; ; ) In some cases, portions of one melder's katra could be left behind with the other. This then enabled an enhanced form of telepathic contact, sometimes over many light years. ()

During the 22nd century, mind melding was believed to be an ability only a minority of Vulcans were born to do. Because of the apparent intimacy of melding, Vulcans during this era considered it a deviant practice defiant to the ancestral teachings of their society. As a result, other Vulcans considered those who were natural "melders" to be outcasts. ()

During the 23rd century, mind melding became more commonplace when a Vulcan was near death. ()

An improperly trained melder who initiated a mind meld could cause a degenerative neurological disorder known as Pa'nar Syndrome to develop in the meld recipient. If left untreated, the disorder was fatal. Vulcan medicine of the mid-22nd century held that there was no cure; however, the disorder was known in Surak's time, as was its cure: a corrective meld performed by an experienced melder. It is likely that the ignorance of this cure was due to the widespread prejudice against melders, a prejudice that was not shared by a group of Vulcans called the Syrrannites. ()

Another side-effect was the transfer of emotion. When Spock melded with  of the alternate reality, both seemed emotionally affected by the experience, and Spock apologized, explaining that emotional transference was a side-effect of the melding process. () Indeed, melding created a strange sense of euphoria in the participants. ()

Notable uses

22nd century 
In 2151, the v'tosh ka'tur Tolaris initiated a mind meld with Sub-Commander T'Pol and continued it against her will. Since Tolaris had not been properly trained in the use of his mental abilities, this meld caused T'Pol to develop Pa'nar Syndrome. ()

In 2154, Vulcan Ambassador Soval, defying the taboo of his day, melded with a comatose Corporal Askwith to learn who had bombed the United Earth Embassy on , deciding it was worth the risk upon discovering that evidence implicating the Syrrannites was fabricated. For this offense, Administrator V'Las (who was actually behind the bombing) relieved Soval of his post. ()

Shortly afterward, T'Pol's Pa'nar Syndrome was cured by the Syrrannite T'Pau. ()

In November of 2154, T'Pol initiated her first mind meld on the starship  with the assistance of Captain Jonathan Archer, as he had previously held the katra of Surak. In an attempt to ultimately discover the location of Doctor Phlox, T'Pol melded with Ensign Hoshi Sato. ()

In January of 2155 of the mirror universe, , via a mind meld, implanted a telepathic "suggestion" into the mind of Commander . Under this influence, Tucker sabotaged the power grid of the  in order to disable a Suliban cloaking device. After doing this, T'Pol melded with Tucker again, erasing his memories of his actions. ()

23rd century 

Following a bombing at the Vulcan Learning Center, Sarek was forced to initiate a mind meld with his ward, Michael Burnham in order to revive her. As a result, a portion of Sarek's katra remained with Burnham. This enabled him to telepathically communicate with her in 2256 during the Battle of the Binary Stars. ()

In the alternate reality, Spock Prime melded with  in 2258 to explain how he and Nero came from the future, showing him through images the events that led to the creation of the alternate reality itself. During the meld, some of Spock's own emotions transferred over to Kirk about the Destruction of Vulcan when he showed Kirk his perspective of the event. Furthermore,  of the alternate reality mind-melded with a Romulan to find out where Captain  was being held. ()

In the alternate reality, Spock melded with Christopher Pike in 2259 during his death, caused by . Later that year, Spock also melded with Khan during a fight, in an attempt to stop him. ()

In 2266, on stardate 2715, Spock melded with Simon Van Gelder, then suffering from generalized synaptic damage, to learn whether allegations Van Gelder had made about Dr. Tristan Adams were true, or delusions. Spock warned Van Gelder that the pressure changes involved in the meld could be dangerous. ()

In 2267, Spock unsuccessfully tried to reach McCoy's mind when he was under the control of the computer Landru on planet Beta III. ()

The same year, on stardate 3192, Spock used what might have been a variation of a mind meld to convince a guard on Eminiar VII to open the door to a room where a landing party was imprisoned, facilitating their escape. ()

On stardate 3196, Spock not only melded with a silicon-based lifeform, a mother Horta, but managed to do so without even touching it at first. ()

In that same year, Spock melded with Nomad to learn its origin. ()

Also in 2267, McCoy became the victim of an unwilling mind meld, when the mirror universe  forced information from him about the nature of a transporter accident that had brought four  officers into the mirror universe. ()

In 2268, Spock performed a mind probe on a drugged John Gill, creating a condition in which Gill could not initiate speech or other actions but he could reply to questions. ()

On stardate 4657.5, Spock attempted a meld with Kelinda, a Kelvan, through a few feet of solid rock. Although the attempt was thwarted by Kelinda with prejudice, Spock was able to get an impression of the Kelvan's true non-humanoid form. ()

On stardate 4385.3, Spock melded with Kirk, McCoy, and Montgomery Scott to ensure they believed that bullets fired at them from Virgil Earp, Morgan Earp, Wyatt Earp, and Doc Holliday (at the OK Corral) were unreal and, therefore, unable to harm them. ()

The same year, Spock melded with Kirk, who was suffering from retrograde amnesia, consequential to the misuse of a Preserver artifact. Although Spock had some difficulty emerging from this meld, he was able to successfully restore Kirk's memory. ()

Later in 2268, Spock was driven mad by the sight of Medusan Ambassador Kollos. Miranda Jones, a Human telepath trained on , used a meld to restore his sanity by making him forget what he'd seen. ()

In 2269, Spock melded with a sleeping Kirk, whispering a single word, "Forget," to help Kirk forget his love for female android Rayna Kapec. ()

Also in 2269, Spock utilized a mind meld to verify a claim that Kirk's consciousness was trapped in the body of Janice Lester. ()

In the 2270s, when the Enterprise was inside V'ger, Commander Spock entered a section of V'ger where it stored 3D images of objects that it encountered through its travels. He entered this area via thruster suit and subsequently encountered a large representation of Lieutenant Ilia with a pulsing sensor on her neck. Believing it to have some special meaning, he used a mind meld on it. Spock was overwhelmed by the information from the mind meld, and was flung back unconscious towards the Enterprise. ()

In 2285, Spock used a mind meld to transfer his katra to McCoy before sacrificing himself to restore warp power during the Battle of the Mutara Nebula. () Upon the Enterprises return to Earth, Sarek mind-melded with Kirk to discover the fate of Spock's katra. ()

After time-traveling to 1986, Spock mind melded with humpback whales George and Gracie to inform them that his crew planned to bring the whales back with them to the year 2286, to answer a mysterious probe that threatened Earth; Spock reasoned that they had to confirm that the whales were willing to help them or they would be no better than those who made the whales extinct in the first place. ()

In 2293, Spock used a mind meld to force information about the Khitomer conspiracy from Lieutenant Valeris. ()

24th century 
In 2366, in order to assuage Bendii Syndrome, which he was beginning to suffer from, Sarek entered into a mind meld with Captain Jean-Luc Picard at the behest of Dr. Beverly Crusher. ()

In 2368, shortly following the death of Sarek, Spock entered into a mind meld with Captain Picard to touch the thoughts that Sarek had left before he died, Sarek and Spock having never melded while Sarek was alive. ()

In 2370, Sakonna, a Vulcan member of the Maquis, attempted a mind meld on Gul Dukat in an attempt to learn the location of illegal Cardassian weapons in the Demilitarized Zone, but this mind meld failed due to Dukat's mental discipline allowing him to resist her efforts to access his memories. ()

In 2371, Tuvok melded with crewmate Lieutenant Tom Paris after Paris was accused of having murdered Banean scientist Doctor Tolen Ren. The meld allowed Tuvok to prove that Paris had been framed in an elaborate plot to provide the Numiri, who were enemies of the Baneans, with critical information, when his analysis of Paris' memory of the incident revealed crucial anomalies that proved Paris couldn't have committed the murder. ()

In 2372, Tuvok melded with sociopath Betazoid Lon Suder, in an attempt to gain a better understanding of Suder's violent impulses. While the meld provided Suder with a measure of emotional control, it also temporarily released Tuvok's more violent and primal urges. ()

In 2373, Tuvok melded with his close friend Kathryn Janeway to discover the root of a supposed memory he had of a girl falling to her death from a precipice. For this meld, chairs were specially set up. It was later discovered that Tuvok had a memory virus in his brain, unwittingly transmitted to him in 2293 by Dimitri Valtane. The virus was destroyed with thoron radiation. ()

In 2374, Tuvok attempted to perform a mind meld with Kes in order to give her stability when her mental powers began to grow out of control. ()

Later that year, he melded with a Mari named Guill in an investigation to prove B'Elanna Torres' innocence in provoking a death in a telepathic society. Guill was from a society where violent thoughts were illegal, though he was a collector and trader of such thoughts. Tuvok proceeded with the meld under the pretense that only images would be exchanged, but he instead unleashed the intense, primal Vulcan emotions that had been suppressed during the Time of Awakening to get him to submit and confess to his role in the death. ()

In 2375, Tuvok melded with Seven of Nine and, indirectly, with a Borg vinculum, to free her from a multiple personality disorder induced by the vinculum. ()

Also in 2375, Tuvok melded with Noss, in order to convey his unspoken feelings for her. ()

In 2377, Tuvok performed an extended technique of the mind meld, the "Bridging of Minds", on Captain Janeway and Seven of Nine, forming a bond between the two individuals, who were otherwise unable to telepathically link. ()

Although not a mind meld as such, in 2379, the Reman Viceroy enabled Praetor Shinzon to telepathically "rape" Counselor Deanna Troi. ()

In 2399, Sutra, an android, performed a mind meld on a human. ()

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Background information 
Prior to the invention of the Vulcan mind meld, the scene it was first used in was to have been a lengthy interrogation of Simon Van Gelder by Captain Kirk. (I Am Spock, hardback ed., p. 60) When Robert Justman contacted Gene Roddenberry with a memo about the revised story outline of  (the memo was dated ), Justman remarked, "I feel like it would be best for us if we did not establish anything like a truth beam when Kirk attempts to interrogate Van Gelder. Perhaps the ship's doctor could have administered some sort of a sedative which have certain properties which would enable Kirk to get deeper into the heart of what is troubling Van Gelder."

Leonard Nimoy cited Gene Roddenberry as the inventor of the Vulcan mind meld. (Star Trek: The Real Story; I Am Spock, hardback ed., pp. 59 & 60) According to Nimoy, Roddenberry devised the idea in an attempt to make the scene it was first used in more dramatic. (I Am Spock, hardback ed., p. 60) In his reference book Gene Roddenberry: The Myth and the Man Behind Star Trek (p. 81), writer Joel Engel credited Shimon Wincelberg, who wrote , with the concept, rather than Roddenberry. The mind meld was thought up by the staff writers of  by the time they had fully devised the neural neutralizer (which is also established in "Dagger of the Mind"). (The Star Trek Compendium, 4th ed., p. 41)

Thereafter in the episode's development, Spock used a hypnosis machine to retrieve the much-needed information from Simon Van Gelder's mind. (Beyond the Final Frontier, p. 14) The method Spock employed was referred to as hypnotism in another memo from Bob Justman to Gene Roddenberry (this one dated ).

In the final draft script of "Dagger of the Mind", the mind meld wasn't referred to as an ancient technique, though it is described as that in the final version of the episode (in a log entry which wasn't at all in the final draft script). The teleplay's description of the mind meld between Spock and Van Gelder was as follows; "[Spock] places his hands at each side of the junction of neck and shoulder, his thumbs pressing deeply into Van Gelder's torso. Spock seems to be feeling with his fingers for [blood] vessels and nerve endings. Van Gelder groans, writhes a bit... Spock seems to be finding the pressure points he wants. He is analyzing what he feels, something of an expert safe-cracker feeling the action of mechanisms and s through his fingers. Finally he's ready." In an ultimately abandoned scene from the same script, this meld was established as causing Simon Van Gelder to lose consciousness and nearly die, and Spock to become exhausted "at the emotion he has put into this."

The invention of the mind meld had the advantage of providing Spock actor Leonard Nimoy with a way to emphasize the importance of touch to Vulcans, which he was making a concerted effort to do. (I Am Spock, hardback ed., p. 60) Nimoy described the mind meld as "a wonderful creative idea" that Roddenberry devised when he was "at his best." (Star Trek: The Real Story) The actor further commented, "It was a far more dramatic way to extract information than a lot of questions, and it became a popular device for the show's writers [....] I applauded the concept, not only for the drama but because it gave me an opportunity to step outside the character from time to time." (I Am Spock, hardback ed., p. 61)

In ultimately unused dialogue from the second draft script of , exposure to Vulcan mind melds was established as causing elevated levels of psilosynine.

In the final draft script of  but not in the episode itself, the Vulcan mind meld was mentioned by Captain Archer. He likened it to a predicament he had just been saved from, in which becoming caught along with other Human officers in a symbiotic lifeform's web-like tendrils had enabled the Humans to read each other's minds.

Likewise, in the final draft script of , mind melds were again mentioned in dialogue which didn't make it into the final edit of the episode. In that case, they were said by T'Pol to be dissimilar to invasive telepathy carried out by Rajiin, as mind melds were less "physically invasive" than the form of telepathy used by Rajiin and were more about reading minds than her telepathy was.

Apocrypha 
In the ization of , a slightly different take on the forced mind meld between Spock and Valeris was featured. As Spock probed her mind, he stopped just short of breaking her will and gave her the choice to willingly help him. A choked sob by Valeris was an expression of her gratitude and grief at being given the choice. Nevertheless, the scene deeply distressed Spock and shocked the crew.

In the novel Memory Prime, the mind meld was used as a form of combat between Spock and a Romulan assassin.

In the novel Mindshadow, melding can be used as an interrogation technique; in which case, the melder can block the meldee's access to their own mind. Those that learnt this discipline on Vulcan were required to take an oath that they would rather die before violating the privacy of another's consciousness against their will. 

In the William Shatner novel The Return, Spock performed a meld with Picard and Kirk in an attempt to free Kirk from a brainwashing program that had been implanted in him by the Borg/Romulan Alliance; at the time, Spock said that such a thing had never been done, but it is possible that the Bridging wasn't well-known among Vulcans.

In the  video game ,  melds with unconscious Vulcans to uncover information on the affliction affecting those stationed at Helios-1, as well as passcodes to doors. He also melds with an unconscious Gorn to determine what their endgame was.  participates in the meld while restraining the Gorn in case he awakens.

In the second issue of the comic crossover mini-series Star Trek vs. Transformers, Spock performed a meld with Optimus Prime after noting the similarities between the electrical signals in the Autobot leader's circuitry and the firing of neurons within the humanoid brain, as well as to determine who he is. When Spock makes the connection, he learns about the history of the Transformers, their homeworld of Cybertron, and the war between the Autobots and the Decepticons that has been waged for eons. However, the sheer amount of neurological information overwhelms him and forces him out of the meld. Though Spock stumbles back, his gambit pays off as it reawakens Optimus Prime.

See also 
 Synthetic mind meld augment
 Telepathic mating bond
Ten'chara

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