Shore leave
Shore leave, or liberty, was time spent at liberty from a military vessel. In many ways a synonym for the civilian terms vacation and holiday, it referred to a period of time that officers and crewmen could spend off-ship at a given port-of-call. During such time, participants were relieved from their normal duties, but could be recalled at any time by emergency or the will of their commanding officers.

Like the United Earth Starfleet before it, the Federation Starfleet took an enlightened view of shore leave, as it offered as much opportunity for its crews to explore new cultures as "official" contact made in the line of duty. However, as Federation vessels evolved, they were designed with an increasing number of civilian comforts and holodecks, mitigating the medical necessity of frequent shore leave. Nevertheless, shore leave could be compelled upon an officer, at the judgment of the chief medical officer or the commanding officer. (; ; ; )

United Earth Starfleet
The benefits of shore leave were discussed by the command hierarchy of the first warp 5 starship within its initial year of service. The earliest recorded mention of a shore leave in the history of Starfleet came within weeks of the launch of the Enterprise NX-01. Archer suggested that an away mission to an apparently idyllic world could be "a little bit of both" shore leave and work. ()

However, the first genuine shore leave in the history of the NX Program was suggested by a Vulcan. Noting a 3% drop in efficiency among the mostly Human crew of the NX-01, first officer T'Pol suggested a remedy. She advanced the theory that a period of shore leave, during which the crew might find sexual release, would be an appropriate solution to Starfleet regulations forbidding fraternization among officers in the same chain of command. Archer and Tucker agreed with the assessment and made several attempts to visit the leisure planet Risa. Eventually, the NX-01 became the first Earth vessel to reach the resort world. ()  

A few years later, an extended shore leave was granted to the crew after their return from the Delphic Expanse in 2154. As with other shore leaves throughout history, this one was as much a necessity as a reward. Heavy repairs to Enterprise forced the evacuation of the vessel. ()

In late 2154, some of the crew of Enterprise was granted shore leave while the ship was in Earth orbit for the launch of . However, all crewmen were recalled so the ship could pursue a  carrying a kidnapped Doctor Phlox. ()

Federation Starfleet

23rd century 
The crew of the  took a shore leave on a planet in the Omicron Delta region in 2267. During their leave, they encountered various representations of their thoughts and desires, manufactured by the ancient machinery of the planet. The crew returned to this "shore leave planet" two years later. (; )

Also that year, while mimicking James T. Kirk's voice, Anan 7 tried to convince Montgomery Scott to send the crew of the Enterprise to the surface of Eminiar VII, ostensibly for shore leave. In reality, it was a ruse to summon the crew to their already recorded deaths. ()

In 2268 the crew of the Enterprise had a brief shore leave on Deep Space Station K-7. ()

In the same year, the Enterprise was en route to Starbase 6 for shore leave, which was postponed when the crew was ordered to the Gamma 7A system to investigate the disappearance of the . ()

In 2269, Leonard McCoy referred to Kirk and Spock's time travelling jaunt to Orion as a vacation. () 

Kirk, Spock, McCoy, Sulu, and Chekov were on shore leave in North America when it was interrupted when Sybok took hostages on Nimbus III. ()

24th century 

In 2364 the  crew was awaiting a shore leave on Pacifica when the ship was diverted by a code 47 emergency message from Captain Walker Keel. ()

Captain Jean-Luc Picard was notorious, at least to the medical staff that oversaw his well-being, for not taking shore leave. He was practically, but not quite, ordered by Beverly Crusher to take shore leave in his third year of commanding the Enterprise-D. He was only convinced to take leave on Risa by the concerted efforts of his senior staff, and the warning that Lwaxana Troi was due for a visit to the Enterprise-D. ()  

In the aftermath of the Battle of Wolf 359, Picard – along with most of the crew of his ship – were given shore leave. As with the earthbound leave Archer enjoyed in 2154, this shore leave was consequent to major repairs on the Enterprise. Picard used the opportunity to visit La Barre, France, his hometown. ()   

Even with these excursions, by the time of the Ba'ku incident, Picard was owed a staggering amount of shore leave: 318 days, to be exact. ()

After conducting a survey of the Amargosa Diaspora and experimentation by solanogen-based lifeforms, the crew of the USS Enterprise-D was in need of some shore leave, according to Geordi La Forge. ()

In 2370 cadet Wesley Crusher came on board the Enterprise-D during his vacation from the Starfleet Academy. ()

Casperia Prime was considered the vacation capital of the Horvian Cluster. ()

Ensign Beckett Mariner indicated to General K'orin that her four weeks of shore leave serving aboard the  was an improvement on what she had working in gray ops. ()

Klingon Empire 
The  visited Deep Space Station K-7 in 2268 for shore leave. (; )

After his Klingon task force arrived at Deep Space 9 in early 2372, General Martok asked Benjamin Sisko if his troops could take shore leave on the station, to which Sisko agreed. ()

Romulan Star Empire 
Senator Kimara Cretak had the crews of the Romulan warbirds Dividices and Genorex put their shore leave on Deep Space 9 on hold until several Klingon starships had left the station. ()

Cardassian Empire 
When Damar voiced his idea of an orbital assault against Gowron's command center on Ty'Gokor, Odo told him to ask Dukat for shore leave, as he had "been in space too long". ()

Ferengi Alliance 
Retired from his occupation as Grand Nagus, Zek thought about visiting Risa or Balosnee VI for vacation in 2369. ()

See also 
 Medical leave
 R&R
 Retirement
 Sick leave

Appendices

Episodes involving shore leave
 
 
 
  
 Films:

External links 
 
 

de:Landurlaub
Recreation