Card counting
Card counting was a strategy or method of , in a gambling card game such as poker or blackjack, which involved counting and keeping track of dealt playing cards to determine the probability of certain cards being dealt later. This allowed a  to obtain an advantage.

In 2365, the fictional character  asked Lieutenant Commander Data whether or not he was a card counting "fella" after Data had won a round of blackjack. Data misinterpreted the meaning of the question for the general concept of counting. ()

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Mathematics