Layman
A layman or dilettante was a newcomer who possessed no accreditation in or advanced knowledge of a particular field. 

In 2266, the android of Roger Korby asked whether James T. Kirk realized "the number of discoveries lost because of superstition, of ignorance, of a layman's inability to comprehend?" Kirk then posed "a simple layman's question" to "Korby" – where the other crewmembers who had landed on Exo III with him were now. ()

In 2369, Professor  referred to Jean-Luc Picard as a dilettante rather than a true scholar of archaeology. ()

While cross-examining Doctor Julian Bashir that year, Ilon Tandro referred to himself as a layman in relation to the field of medicine. ()

In 2371, pleased by Kes' curiosity about anatomy and physiology, The Doctor gave her several medical texts to study, cautioning her that they weren't written for laymen. ()

Later that year, he likewise cautioned Tuvok when the Vulcan asked for a copy of his neurological analysis of Tom Paris calling the report "virtually indecipherable" to the layman. ()

In 2372, based on his home, Garak characterized Julian Bashir's character from the holoprogram Julian Bashir, Secret Agent as "some kind of rich dilettante with a fascination for women and weapons".  Bashir denied it, saying his character was really a spy. ()

In 2375, The Doctor defined nihiliphobia in layman's terms as "the fear of nothingness". ()

Later that year, Torat called the term wormhole as a layman's term which described many phenomena, among them interspatial flexures. ()

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Societal classifications