Nacelle
A nacelle was an outboard engine housing structure on a spacecraft. The nacelles in warp-capable shuttles and starships housed the warp coils of the vessel's warp drive. Warp nacelles, or warp field nacelles, were also sometimes known as power nacelles, energy nacelles, antimatter nacelles, warp drive pods, or space/warp propulsion units during the 23rd century. (; ) Impulse nacelles of a sublight shuttlecraft housed the ship's impulse drive engines. ( display graphic) 

The warp coils in warp nacelles created a subspace displacement field, which "warped" the space around the vessel allowing it to "ride" on a spatial distortion, and travel faster than the speed of light. () While not always present on starships, warp nacelles were the most common component of warp flight, dating as far back as Zefram Cochrane's original warp ship, the Phoenix, circa 2063. () 

Aboard most warp-capable vessels, warp coils were fed by plasma conduits from the warp core reactor assembly. Venting the plasma from the nacelles made warp drive impossible until the nacelles could be replenished. () Nacelles were separated from the ship by large pylons, and usually housed a Bussard ramscoop at the fore end, primarily used for collecting hydrogen from space.

On the large  nacelles, the interior included a small control room, accessible in nominal conditions by a Jefferies tube that permitted maintenance and monitoring of the system's operation. () Aboard the prototype   of the 22nd century, a long catwalk spanned the length of each nacelle and, in emergency situations, acted as shelter for the ship's crew against certain types of radiation such as that created by neutronic storms. () Nacelles aboard Enterprise were required to be polarized for warp travel to be possible. If one of the nacelles were to become depolarized, warp drive would be impossible until repolarization could take place. ()

Most vessels, like the Galaxy-class, , , , , , and the , typically had two nacelles. However, such vessels could operate with one nacelle disabled, but at reduced warp speeds. (; ) It was not unprecedented, though, for vessels to have had different nacelle configurations. For example, Federation , , , and  starships had only one nacelle.  and  in the prime reality and  starships in the alternate reality had three nacelles. , , and  starships had four nacelles. (; ; ; ; )

Even at sublight speeds serious impacts from weapons or other objects could spell disaster for a ship because of a feedback of energy throughout the vessel. The Enterprise-D was destroyed by such an impact in an alternate timeline when the  collided with one of Enterprises warp nacelles. ()

Some starship classes, such as the  and the , possessed nacelles that were integrated into the ship's main structure without pylons. (; )

Alien vessels, such as the Dominion's Jem'Hadar fighters, also possessed nacelles. ()

In 2374, the crew of the  had difficulty stabilizing the guidance thrusters on their port nacelle, forcing them to fall back from the position they were in as part of the Operation Return fleet. ()

When a Class 2 shuttlecraft exceeded the speed of warp 9.7, tritanium depolarization created a velocity differential between the nacelles and fuselage. A depolarization matrix around the fuselage was required to avert the nacelles from tearing off due to subspace torque. ()

In 2377, the expression "third nacelle" was analogous to "third wheel". ()

By the 31st century, Federation starships were being designed and constructed with detachable nacelles. An example of a class with detached nacelles was the . ()

In 3189, as part of the 's retrofit, detachable nacelles replaced the older style nacelles. This upgrade improved the starship's maneuverability and enabled her to be more efficient in flight. ()

Appendices

Background information
The use of the word "" in spacecraft design descends from its use for similar housing structures in air and water craft design. 

From the , "The nacelle control room and plasma injectors were a full-sized set designed by Richard James. The cavernous warp coils were a miniature built by Anthony Fredrickson and composited by visual effects supervisor David Stipes. The design of the coils was based on a drawing by Rick Sternbach in the Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual. Warp nacelles were conceived by original series art director Walter M. "Matt" Jefferies, as part of his design for the original . Matt told us he felt that faster-than-light engines would be extremely powerful, and therefore potentially dangerous. For crew safety, he decided they should be housed separately, away from the inhabited part of the ship. He noted that this would also make it easier to replace the engines should it ever be necessary to upgrade them. This was actually done, years after the end of the original Star Trek, for the uprated Enterprise designed for Star Trek: Phase II and seen in ."

According to Star Trek Blueprints, while the  nacelles are powered up, they produce dangerous levels of radiation and crew members are not permitted to go up the Jefferies tubes that lead to the nacelles inside the nacelle pylons. 

According to Star Trek: Starship Spotter, there were several different types and designations of warp nacelles officially known as warp drive units. In Federation starships, the original configuration of the Constitution-class and the  shuttles featured circumferential warp nacelles. The refit-Constitution-class and  featured linear warp nacelles. Later starships featured advanced linear nacelles, whereas smaller ships featured compact versions of these. Klingon nacelles were known as dilithium conversion graf units (See S-2 graf unit) and Romulan nacelles of the  were known as quantum singularity energized warp drive units. The Jem'Hadar attack ships featured ion propulsion units as warp nacelles.

According to the Spaceflight Chronology (p. 139), a three-nacelle configuration gives a third more power to the warp drive, greater acceleration and faster engagement. However, in the first experiments, the third nacelle accentuated discrepancies in the warp field causing warp vibrations. This created difficulties in steering, and would have resulted in the ship shaking itself apart at higher warp speeds. It was however noted that if the design was constructed perfectly it was possible for it to deliver what it promised.

The Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual (pages 63, 65, and 66) states that the experiments with single and more than two nacelle designs, conducted in 2269, proved that having two nacelles was the optimal configuration for vessel control and power generation. On Galaxy-class starships, there was an emergency separation system for the nacelles. In the event the ship was damaged and unable to retain nacelle safely, explosive latches separated the nacelle from the pylon and lifted it up at thirty meters per second. If a nacelle was lost during warp flight, it would tear the ship apart, as the loss would cause different areas of the ship to travel at different warp factors.

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Propulsion technology
Warp