Sphere (lifeform)
A spacefaring sphere was a hitherto unknown lifeform encountered by the  in 2257. Composed of organic and nonliving matter melded together, it measured 565 kilometers in diameter and had a mass of 6.39 kilograms. It vibrated in a manner that could be extrapolated from its surrounding ambient radiation as a loud shrieking noise. ()

The sphere was hundreds of thousands years old, and during this time saw and experienced so much that its sensor records were later characterized as a slice of the galaxy's history. It collected data from countless civilizations. Among the things experienced by the sphere were a war between the quaternary star systems and the Roquarri Imperium. It also took readings from Kaminar constituting thousands of years worth of statistical measurements, and data on artificial intelligence. ()

As the sphere neared the end of its life, it sought to pass on its experiences so that it would be remembered. Thus, it captured the Discovery out of warp with a powerful multiphasic stasis field and attempted to teach its languages to the universal translator. However, the complexity of its communication and the breadth of its knowledge overloaded Discoverys systems, causing widespread malfunctions that the crew misinterpreted as the effects of a computer virus. Eventually, Commander Saru realized that a repeating pattern of ultraviolet lights being produced by the "virus" were linguistic in nature, and surmised the sphere's intent. ()

At Saru's urging, Captain Christopher Pike had the Discovery drop shields and allow the sphere full access, enabling it to complete the transmission and translation of its experiences. Meanwhile, the sphere's internal temperature rose from under 10,000 to over 10.036 Kelvin, a sign of its impending core collapse. A nanosecond before its death, the sphere reversed the polarity of its stasis field to push Discovery clear of its detonation. Its last sensor observation was of Spock's shuttle. ()

Pike later noted that Federation scientists would be studying the data from the sphere for centuries, a wealth of information comparable to Earth's Dead Sea Scrolls. ()

While on a mission to Kaminar to investigate a red burst, the crew of Discovery used the information gathered by the sphere to compile the Kaminar population history.  This was then used to determine that the Kelpiens used to be the dominant lifeform on the planet instead of the Ba'ul.  ()

While in orbit of Kaminar, Lieutenant commander Airiam was corrupted by an unknown force from the 28th century, which forced her to transfer all the information the sphere had gathered on artificial intelligence to Control. ()

While reviewing her mother's mission logs, Michael Burnham learned that her mother was responsible for placing the Sphere in Discoverys path.  This was after she'd tried to destroy it to keep its data away from Control.  ()

In 3189, after learning that Adira carried a Trill symbiont, Captain Saru accessed the Sphere data for information about this lifeform. () 

After Kovich told Hugh Culber that there was no cure for the temporally and dimensionally displaced , Culber, believing there was still a cure searched for an answer using Discoverys computer, which had merged with the Sphere data; Dannus V was given as an answer. ()

When Osyraa hijacked Discovery at the Verubin Nebula, the Sphere data transferred itself to several DOT-23s, they later sought out the crew, willing to help them take back the ship. () 

Unnamed species