Blood

Blood was a circulatory fluid present in the circulatory system of numerous lifeforms. Its primary function was to carry nutrients and respiratory gasses to s and to remove waste products. Blood transfusions could only be undertaken between individuals with the same blood composition.

Many drugs needed to be introduced into the bloodstream to take effect. Anesthetic agents, for instance, were intravenously administered.

In 2004, a group of Xindi-Reptilians from the year 2153 began to synthesize a bioweapon to use against Humankind in the future. They employed the service of  to abduct eight individuals of different blood types and bring them to a warehouse on Carpenter Street, where the Reptilians would extract blood samples and use them in producing the viral toxin to be used for their bio-weapon. ()

Lieutenant Malcolm Reed lost a bit of blood after he was shot with a projectile weapon and wounded in his left leg. ()

In 2267, Rigelian scientists developed a drug that could accelerate the reproduction of blood. ()

In 2364, Doctor Beverly Crusher advised Captain Jean-Luc Picard how to use roots as a clotting agent for her bloody wound. ()

The Klingon spy J'Dan found a way to smuggle stolen information, encoded in amino acid sequences, in the bloodstream of an unknowing third person. ()

When experimenting on crewmembers of the , solanogen-based lifeforms slowly turned Lieutenant Edward Hagler's blood into a liquid polymer, thereby killing the officer. ()

In 2369, when trapped in an illusory scenario of being in the Tilonus Institute for Mental Disorders, Commander William T. Riker encountered a guard who told him the supposed scenario of how he had entered the institution. The guard stated that there was blood all over Riker's hands and clothes, from him having stabbed a man. ()

Some species did not have blood at all, like the humanoid Breen. ()

Klingons swore blood oaths as a promise of vengeance, to sanctify various alliances, and as vows by the shedding or mixing of blood. ()

T'Pol had Vulcan K-cells in her blood. These cells stopped her from being infected with a mutagenic virus on the Loque'eque homeworld in 2153. ()

Both Spock and Sarek had type T-negative blood, which was a rare Vulcan type. ()

As late as 2267, blood was taken with a needle for medical tests. ()

Julian Bashir had type B-negative blood. ()

Odo had type O-negative when he was a humanoid for a short time. ()

Solbor's blood revealed the text of the Book of the Kosst Amojan. ()

Blood chemistry 
Blood chemistry is a term used to describe the composition of elements, chemicals, and other substances in an individual's blood. The chemistry of the metal-protein complex of the component s responsible for respiratory delivery influence the color of the blood.

Known colors and chemical compositions included:
Red (iron-based)
Most humanoids ()
Bajoran (; )
Brunali ()
Denobulan ()
El-Aurian ()
Ennis ()
Eska ()
Gelrakian ()
Gorn ()
Haliian ()
Hirogen ()
Human (; ; ; ; ; )
Ilari ()
Jem'Hadar ()
Klingon (; ; )
Ligonian ()
Makull's species ()
Mari ()
Napean ()
Nygean ()
Ocampa ()
Rutian ()
Serosian ()
Suliban ()
Talaxian ()
Trill (; )
Vori ()
Xindi-Primate ()
 
Reddish-green (iron-copper composite-based) 
Acamarian ()

Green (copper-based)
Chameloid ()
Kromsapiod ()
Orion ()
Reman ()
Romulan (; ; )
Vulcan (; ; ; )

Blue
Akoszonam ()
Andorian ()
Bolian (; )
Coridanite ()
Pink-lavender
Cancri ()
Klingon (; ; )

Violet-pink
Tellarite (; )

Yellow
Fantome's species ()
Ferengi ()
Na'kuhl ()
Species 8472 ()
Brown
Cardassian ()
White
Tamarian ()
Purple
Pakled 

Orange (platinum- or -based)
Benzite 
Jem'Hadar 
Xahean ()
Black
Barzan ()
Majalan ()

It is not known what color blood Gosis' people had, only that it was not red. Its chemical composition was also unknown, though it was not iron-based. ()

Rigelians were known to share a similar blood chemistry to that of Vulcans. ()

Acamarian blood was composed of an odd composite of iron and copper-based blood chemistry. ()

Bolians had a blood chemistry very different from that of other species, especially Vulcans. If a blood transfusion was given from a Vulcan to a Bolian, it would result in the death of the Bolian. There were instances when artificial blood was unavailable and existing blood cells were genetically altered for inter-species transfusions to be successful. ()

In 2367, Dr. Beverly Crusher noticed that Lieutenant Commander Susanna Leijten's blood chemistry was slightly off after beaming back from the surface of Tarchannen III. It was later discovered that she was in fact being transformed into another lifeform. ()

When creating the Jem'Hadar, the Founders deliberately omitted a key isogenic enzyme from their blood chemistry, giving it to them in the form of ketracel-white. The Jem'Hadar needed to keep taking the white or they would die, thus ensuring their loyalty to the Founders. ()

In 2371, the 's EMH, The Doctor, discovered that Ensign Seska's blood chemistry was not consistent with that of a Bajoran. Her cover story was that she suffered from Orkett's disease as a child during the Occupation of Bajor, and that she had received a bone marrow transplant from a Cardassian woman named Kattell. ()

After the Borg transplanted skin onto Data's arm and the Borg Queen activated his emotion chip, he felt pain when a Borg drone cut this flesh and blood ran out of it. ()

Rather then simple blood, Xaheans had blood-based circulatory fluid. ()

See also 
 Anticoagulant
 Blood bank
 Blood plasma
 Blood screening
 Blood soup
 Blood truffle biscuit
 Rokeg blood pie
 Blood type
 Bloodwine
 Erythrocyte
 Leukocyte
 Lymphocyte
 Platelet
 Pyrocyte

Appendices

Background information 
In , Klingon blood was portrayed as pink and lavender, while in  and  it was red. The supposed reason for this is that having floating red blood all over the ship was considered too violent, and would have given the movie a more extreme rating than would be appropriate for the target audience. Pink blood makes it obvious at a glance that the violence is simulated, not real. Pink blood appears to have made a reappearance in , as it was seen in . See here for a more detailed discussion of Klingon blood color. 

Brown blood – present in Cardassians – is only found in real life in the mollusc Pinna squamosa, which is similar to hemocyanin, but is based on manganese, instead of copper. Violet blood – present in Klingons – is found on certain molluscs, which is based on iron, but in a non-heme protein.

Unused scripted references 
In the second revised final draft script of  (dated ), Sulu light-heartedly declared, "I don't have a drop of Western blood."

The final draft script of  included an ultimately unused line in which Kirk said to the Onlies, "Blood. My blood. Are you afraid
of it? Most people are...."

In the writers' first draft script of , the sight of blood, while Doctor Phlox was bandaging a laceration on 's hand, caused a large, tough-looking engineering officer standing nearby to suddenly faint, so Phlox then switched his focus to the felled giant.

Apocrypha 
Several non-canon sources have suggested that the bases of blue-blooded aliens' blood are silicon and cobalt.  This would be logical, as some creatures in reality have blue blood based on molecules other than iron and copper.

External links 
 
 
de:Blut
Anatomy
Deleted and unused material in background