Sense
A sense was one's ability to perceive the world through various means of input. The five most common senses were taste, touch, hearing, smell, and sight.

According to Captain Jonathan Archer, Starfleet sent out  to explore with their own senses instead of sending probes to take maps and pictures. ()

Senses
 
 
 
 Taste
 Telepathy/Extrasensory perception
 Touch

Sensory anatomy and physiology
Dilitus lobe
Ear
Eye
Nervous system
Nose
Pheromones
Tongue
Taste bud

External link

Physiology