Vor'cha class model
The  attack cruiser, making its debut in s fourth season episode , originated from the strong desire of the The Next Generations production staff to have a distinctive Klingon ship style of their own. As explained by Michael Okuda in 2009, "Those two ships – the Vor'cha and the Negh'Var – were an important part of the TNG evolution. They were the first Klingon ships in the TNG era that were not recycled from the feature films. As much as we love the battle cruiser and the bird-of-prey, we wanted very much for TNG to have a Klingon ship style of its own, and these ships gave it to us."

Design

The Vor'cha-class attack cruiser was designed by Rick Sternbach. According to Star Trek: The Next Generation - The Continuing Mission, Sternbach's design incorporated elements from the first Klingon vessel designed by Matt Jefferies for . Sternbach himself noted in 2009, 
"The Klingon Negh'Var class super battlewagon had its beginnings in the Vor'cHa class attack cruiser back in September of 1990, when the producers wanted a new main Klingon ship for the TNG episode "Reunion." The familiar D-7 type battle cruiser, even with its updated look from the Star Trek feature films, was getting perhaps too familiar, and I got the chance to come up with a new ship. The original design style of the battle cruiser was never far from my mind, since it was such an iconic Matt Jefferies creation, and I was always determined to provide some kind of lineage, some continuity, some evolution that viewers could recognize in the new hardware.

"On top of that, keeping Starfleet and alien styles distinct and interesting was what many believe set Star Trek apart from other SF productions. The Vor'cHa was great challenge and an opportunity to nail some specific bits of equipment, and add a little unofficial history to the Trek scenario. Before anything else, a big tip o' the hat to Greg Jein and his minions for the terrific miniature. (...) The attack cruiser is a bit sleeker than the previous Bird of Prey, and less of a gritty dark green. It's still armored and armed to the teeth, however, sporting a number of disruptor banks and torpedo launchers, as well as a new main disruptor cannon." 

Additionally, the  stated that the design of the Vor'cha-class ship was meant to illustrate the marriage of Klingon and Federation technologies due to the ongoing détente between the two powers, as further confirmed by Sternbach, "The structure, as well as the hull coloration, was meant to show a slight blending of Klingon and Starfleet technology, seeing as how there was something of a détente in operation" , and, "The idea here was to combine elements of the original battle cruiser (and the hyper-detailed versions from the movies) with some slight Starfleet influence, as though there was some deliberate technology sharing between the Federation and the Klingon Empire. The color was a bit lighter and less of a saturated dark green, the wing lines a bit curvier, but overall still recognizable as Klingon."  This translated in warp engines reminiscent of those of 24th century Starfleet vessels with the addition of Bussard collectors and a color scheme somewhere between the dark green of the Bird-of-Prey and the light gray of the .

Sternbach intended the forward module of the Vor'cha-class to be an ejectable module in cases of emergency as evidenced by this  in regard to his later Negh'Var-class modification, "I suppose the "daughtercraft" was an extension of the thing I did with the Vor'cHa with its main disruptor cannon section, in that it was detachable in a fight if damaged. I was influenced by the movie  [sic.], which Richard James worked on, where one of the Russian tank guys said, "Out of commission, become a pillbox. Out of ammo, become a bunker. Out of time, become heroes." Figured it would work for the Klingons. It wasn't that the little ship was there to let them run away, but more to give them more options to stay in a fight. All a matter of what you do with the gear you've got." Never seen or referenced to on-screen, his module intent, however, was dutifully transferred to the instruction sheet of AMT/Ertl's second TNG model kit of the Vor'cha, no. 6812, which stated that the forward part of the ship was a detachable mission specific module and interchangeable with other modules. In emergency situations it could act as a lifeboat. The model kit was designed as such, as the part was detachable. Even after the signing off on his final design in September 1990, the forward module design of the Vor'cha-class, continued to occupy Sternbach's mind as he envisioned alternative design variations as late as January 1991, a solid two months after the episode was aired.

A set of four of Sternbach's original design sketches for the Vor'cha, was sold as , estimated at US$800-$1,200, in the Profiles in History's The Ultimate Sci-Fi Auction for US$850.00 on 26 April 2003. Two of Sternbach's forward module modification designs, were sold off as lot Lot 321 in the Propworx's The official STAR TREK prop and costume auction, estimated at US$100-$200, where they sold for US$120 (including buyer's premium) on 8 August 2010.

Physical studio model

The size Sternbach settled on was three-quarters of the length of a , which was faithfully followed by Greg Jein, whose company built the studio model, and which came in at three feet, three-quarters of the length of the new four feet model of the . It marked one of the few times that a studio model was actually built in scale with a major "hero" studio model.

Due to time restraints, Jein solicited the help of an acquaintance, David Merriman, Jr., who recalled, "A new Klingon ship miniature would be introduced in an episode where Worf learns of the existence of a bastard son. Anyway, in Greg's cover letter that accompanied the drawings, he explained that (surprise! – [remark: Merriman had made several more warp engines for Jein for previous models]) they needed us to make the warp engine for that miniature. And (surprise!) time was a critical issue! Though possessing a great deal more surface detail than Federation warp engines, this one was at least symmetrical i.e. the left and right sides of the unit were of identical form. So, in the interest of time, I elected to make an intermediate master of only one side, make an in-house rubber tool and cast two sets (left and right half piece). A single winglet, wart and warp engine front assembly were made as well." (Sci-Fi & Fantasy Models, Issue 30, 1998, p.39) In the TNG Season 4 DVD special feature: "Select Historical Data" (disc 7), both Sternbach and Jein are interviewed about the design and construction of the Vor'cha-class.

For its appearance in s fourth season two-part episode, , the notion of a marrying of Federation and Klingon technology was partly reverted as the model was repainted, with some of the raised hull paneling colored burgundy red and, in a few places, yellow.

Having made its debut in the  fourth season episode, , the model has only been used for the television franchise, and all footage of it, as was the footage of the other physical models mentioned below, was filmed at Image G.

As of 2012, the studio model itself, never modified save for the paint adjustments, and having escaped the 40 Years of Star Trek: The Collection and It's A Wrap! sale and auctions, was still in the possession of CBS Consumer Products and had been on tour displays such as Star Trek World Tour, Star Trek: The Adventure, and Star Trek The Exhibition as late as 2012.

Other physical models
In the aforementioned  episode Deep Space Nine, "The Way of the Warrior", several other physicals models of the Vor'cha were also used for the massive battle scene, supervised by Dan Curry, Gary Hutzel and Glenn Neufeld. These were modified commercially available Playmate toys (No.6155) and AMT Star Trek model kits (No. 6812 ). (Cinefantastique, Volume 28, No.4/5, page 72) Being the first mass battle scene ever shown on Star Trek, it was also the last one entirely done with physical models (save for a few shots with a CGI Defiant, the only one available at the time). David Stipes having stated at the time, "I'm not sure what K't'inga is. There are a lot of old style Klingon D-7 [sic] Cruisers and Vor'chas. (D-7's are model kits and Vor'chss [sic] are the sound making toys.)",  repeated the procedure for Deep Space Nine season five closing episode, , using the same Playmate toys as before, the last time physical models of the Vor'cha were used. 

An additional filming model for specific use in a live action television production, was constructed at Gregory Jein, Inc. For the later Deep Space Nine season four episode , he cast a copy of the model and modified it to showcase extensive damage to its superstructure sustained after it accidentally triggered one of its own cloaked mines. The model was featured as the  in the episode. Intended as a throwaway shot, the model did not require internal lighting nor did it sport the with rust-burgundy painted paneling as had been applied by this time to the main filming model. This actually constituted something of a minor continuity error, as it was the main model with the redressed paneling that was featured being hit by the mine (with the explosions added in post-production editing), before cutting to the damaged version of the Drovana prior to being towed for docking at Deep Space 9. Jein repeated the procedure for the later seen K't'inga-class , featured in the subsequent season.

Pursuant the construction of the Drovana, a limited run of twelve, built from the same mold as the original studio model but without the internal lighting and endowed with the original light green color scheme, was later sold, in 1997, at US$7,000 apiece with a certificate of authenticity signed by Jein at the  in Chicago.  Modified molds of the model had already been produced previously for the future Klingon attack cruiser seen in , a design which, in turn, developed into the Negh'Var warship.

Sternbach had his own personal AMT study model, as seen in the DVD special feature, auctioned off as , estimated at US$1,000-$1,500, in the aforementioned The Ultimate Sci-Fi Auction for US$800.

Debris from an exploded Vor'cha-class breakaway model were sold in the It's A Wrap! sale and auction as  on 29 December 2006 for US$1,025, having most likely been used in a Deep Space Nine episode.

CGI models

For appearances in the last two seasons of Deep Space Nine, a CGI model was built at Foundation Imaging by Trevor Peirce, who had the original physical studio model in its revised livery at his disposal for reference, thereby giving his CGI model the darker green color usually associated with Klingon ships, under the supervision of Ron Thornton, it making its debut in . (Sci-Fi & Fantasy Models, issue 32, 1998, p. 53)

In 2001, Robert Bonchune and Adam Lebowitz refined the CGI model for representation in their book Star Trek: Starship Spotter, and the model went on to make several additional appearances in and onto licensed Star Trek print publications, most notably in the Star Trek: Ships of the Line calendars and their book derivative.

In 2014, Fabio Passaro re-rendered Foundation's model into a new, more refined version for representation in the British Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection partwork publication. His version lacked the rust-colored paneling that was there on both the physical and digital studio models.

Further reading
Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection, issue 20, 2014

Studio models