Orbiting Geophysical Observatory
The Orbiting Geophysical Observatory, or OGO, was a 20th century series of artificial satellites used by NASA for studying the Earth's magnetosphere. 

A black-and-white drawing of the satellite was stored in the  library computer. This drawing was retrieved by the Talosians when they accessed the starship's computers in 2254. ()

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fr:Programme Orbiting Geophysical Observatory
Earth probes (retconned)