Bearing
A bearing, sometimes referred to as relative bearing, was a common way to describe a specific direction in relation to a starship. (;  display graphic)

It was also used to describe a direction in subspace. ()

Uses 

Bearings were commonly used to define the direction at which another object or the origin of a transmission was located in space, in relation to the current orientation of the ship. Bearings have also been used to indicate a direction on a planet by an away team on the surface or from the planet's atmosphere. Bearings were also used when the ship made a course correction in its current heading. (; ) 

The Picard Maneuver included a sensor bearing. ()

In space, bearings were given in one or two 360-degree angles, sometimes with one or two decimal place accuracy, with various other information. For example:
 "05-mark-231." ()
 "0-mark-4." ()
 "111-mark-14" ()
 "125-mark-21. Distance 200 thousand kilometers" ()
 "235-point-7" ()
 "316-mark-4" ()
 "Mark-73-point-5." ()
 "23-mark-217. Range 31 hundred kilometers." ()
 "001-mark-point-03. Range 300 thousand kilometers." () 
 "320 degrees-mark-2." ()
 "240 degrees-mark-6, port." ()
 "123 degrees-mark-18. Range 90 thousand kilometers." ()
 "004-mark-009" ()
 "067-mark-24" ()
 "219 mark 47" ()
 "162 mark 7" ()
 "Range 2,000 kilometers. Bearing 358 mark 269." ()

On a planet, bearings were also given in one or two 360-degree angles, with various other information. For example:
 "300-mark-7." ()
 "94-mark-7, angle of elevation 6 degrees." ()
 "About 11 miles, bearing 121 from the mining company." ()
 "283 degrees. 15.2 kilometers." ()
 "327 degrees. Distance 600 nautical." ()

Appendices

See also 
 Coordinates
 Grid
 Heading
 Navigation
 Quadrant
 Sector

Background information 
The first use of the term bearing to indicate a direction occurred in  episode "Balance of Terror". The meaning of bearings has been further defined in the writer's guides and several reference books, such as Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual (p. 36). Bearing 000-mark-0 is directly in front of the ship and bearing 180-mark-0 directly behind the ship. Coming about to bearing 090-mark-0 would be a sharp turn to the right or starboard. Coming about to bearing 270-mark-0 would be a sharp turn to the left or port. The second figure after the "mark" is the elevation angle. Coming about to bearing 000-mark-90 would be tilting the ship directly upwards and 000-mark-270 directly downwards.

Deleted references 
According to the  for , a second patrol formation of Klingon cruisers approached the  on a bearing of "090-mark-20" to the  in the Kobayashi Maru scenario.

According to the  for , as the  was leaving Earth, Uhura detected an unidentified aircraft in Earth's atmosphere at "range 30 miles, bearing 010".

External link 
 
Cartography