Russian language
Russian was a language spoken on the planet Earth, originating in the country of Russia, and which was also the dominant language of the USSR. The alphabet it was written in was called "Cyrillic". A notable speaker of this language was Pavel Chekov.

Mission patches for early Earth space missions might sometimes mention the names of Russian astronauts in Cyrillic. Astronauts getting such a treatment included Yuri Gidzenko, Sergei Krikalev, and Valeri Tokarev.

In 2257, when a communication attempt from a  lifeform resulted in the universal translator malfunctioning and translating the  crew's speech into various languages, Commander Saru used his knowledge of Federation languages to assist the crew in repairs. While repairing the communications systems, Michael Burnham's speech was translated into Russian: "Ya izolirovala sistemu svyazi. Gotov k povtornoy initsializatsii? (Я изолировала систему связи. Готов к повторной инициализации?)" ("I've isolated the communications system. Ready to reinitialize?") Saru, understanding Russian, replied: "Vhozhu v tsikl initsializatsii. Davay. (вхожу в цикл инициализации. Давай.)" ("Entering the reinitialization sequence. Now.") () 

''In the alternate reality in 2259, footage with Cyrillic writing below it was in a collection of graphics and video media that were seen on a powerwall in the offices of  and  at Starfleet Headquarters. ()

When the  encountered a Melkotian buoy in 2268, it spoke to the crew in their native languages, which included Russian, as heard by Pavel Chekov. ()

Upon discovering that life signs had been detected in Spock's sealed quarters in 2285, Chekov exclaimed "Ya ne sumasshedshi! (Я не сумасшедший!)" ("I'm not crazy!") ()

When commissioned in 2363, the 's name was written in Cyrillic on her dedication plaque. ()

In the Julian Bashir, Secret Agent holoprogram, after waking up in Hippocrates Noah's secret lair, Anastasia Komananov says "Shto chort sluchilos'? (Что, чëрт, случилось?)" (or "What the hell happened?"). She also answered a question with "Da" instead of yes earlier. ()

Russian-named starships 
 , , and 
 
 , and 
 Sakharov

External links
 
 
Earth languages