Neural
Neural was an inhabited M class planet. This was the homeworld of a native pre-warp species. The planet was, also, the home for the Mugato and the mahko root.

History 
Prior to stardate 4211, the civilization of Neural was protected under the terms of the Prime Directive. 

The surface of Neural was generally quite similar to Earth, almost remarkably so, but with a few notable differences in native life. The native culture of Neural was tribal, with tribes of  led by female shamans known as Kahn-ut-tu. A major threat was the Mugato, a white-furred predatory ape-like creature having a lethally poisonous bite. The only known countermeasure was the native mahko root plant, which the Kahn-ut-tu were quite skilled at administering through a traditional healing ritual. 

James T. Kirk visited Neural as a young lieutenant in 2255. The planetary survey was his first command. During his covert cultural observation he befriended the hill man . The mission found the inhabitants to be a peaceful, low-technology civilization that was centuries or millennia from developing any advanced technology.

In 2268, a followup visit revealed that the inhabitants were now divided into warring factions, with some factions possessing flintlock firearms that were centuries beyond their level of technology. It was quickly discovered that the Klingon Empire contacted the planet in 2267 and was tampering with the natives by arming some of the warring factions while giving them gradual weapon improvements to make it appear that the natives were developing them on their own, albeit at a suspiciously accelerated rate. Fearing that the planet could fall to Klingon influence, Kirk decided to violate the Prime Directive and contact opposing factions, helping them to fight the Klingon-backed tribes. 

Using an analogy derived from the "Brush Wars" of the 20th century where major powers fought their wars through smaller proxies, Kirk set up a Federation-backed faction on Neural by providing flintlocks to the hill people that were the victims of the Klingon-backed aggression. ()

In 23rd century or 24th century, hunters (maybe Ferengis) came to capture mugatos. In 2381, some or all mugatos were found on Frylon IV. ()

People 
Named
 Apella
 Nona
 
 Yutan
Unnamed

Appendices

Background information 
The name Neural only appeared in the episode's script and was not mentioned on screen.

According to the , the planet's name was referenced in an unfilmed line from the script.

According to Star Trek: Star Charts (p. 34, "United Federation of Planets") and Stellar Cartography: The Starfleet Reference Library  ("Federation Historical Highlights, 2161-2385"), this planet was known as Neural ( III). The Zeta Bootis system was located in the Alpha Quadrant. The system's primary was an A-class star. This world became a protectorate of the Federation in 2268. The capital city was Kahn-ut-tu, and the dominant species were the Hill People and the Village People. In 2378, there was an estimated 27.3 million people living on this planet. A major point of interest was the Peace Bridge, and first contact with this world was made by the  in 2254.

Apocrypha 
According to The Worlds of the Federation, in the aftermath of the events of "A Private Little War", the Hill and Village Peoples fragmented into five separate factions, all warring with each other, spurred on by the weapons provided to them by the Klingons and the Federation.

External links 
 
 

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Planets
Homeworlds
Memory Alpha articles named from scripts