Probation
Probation was a period of time in which a former offender's behavior was closely monitored. 

In 2154, Hoshi Sato was allowed back into Starfleet on probation following her bad conduct discharge. She felt it was because Starfleet needed language specialists more than they needed to punish her. ()

In 2364, following Q's release of 's crew, Jean-Luc Picard suggested they were only alive because they had been placed on probation, and a serious one at that. ()

In 2374, Tom Paris joked that a letter for him which was being transmitted to  might be from the New Zealand Penal Settlement, saying he had violated his probation. ()

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Punishments
Starfleet