Is there anything I can read for more information on this whole process?
Yes. The Disability Starter Kit that you received is the best place to start to get the information that you need.
When I apply, how soon will I get social security money?
If you are approved, you will receive Supplemental Social Security Income (SSI) on the first full month after the date that you filed your claim, or the date you become eligible, whichever is soonest.