Is there anything I can read that will give me more information? I want to make sure I do this right.
Yes, of course. The Disability Starter Kit has all the information you need to help you get ready to apply. There is a kit for adults and a kit for children under age 18.
I know you said that SSI gets paid a month after the claim is filed or the date I become eligible, but what if those are two different dates? Which one do they go by?
We go by the later of the two dates, which is why it is better to file as soon as possible.