What requirements do I need to meet to qualify for it?
You must have been enrolled in one of several programs to qualify.
I guess you are talking about those that are also listed on your page. I understand. But something I've been wondering about is: do I still have to pay a penalty, even if I don't have a health insurance?
You don't have to pay a penalty if you don't have health insurance in 2019 or any year after that.