Results
At baseline, 504 of 1201 women (42%) reported seeing a family planning provider in the previous 9 months; 38% of intervention and 46% of control participants (All five counseling sessions were received by 87.5% of couples in the intervention arm; an additional 7.3% of women and 5.3% of men received at least one session. Only 3.0% of couples in the intervention arm received no sessions.Among women who reported seeing a family planning provider in the prior 9 months, most provided responses to all IQFP items; 491 of 504 at baseline (97%), 723 of 724 at 9-month (99%), and 213 of 213 at 18-month follow-up (100%) (Thus, the final analytic sample for this study includes 491 women at baseline, 723 women at 9-month follow-up, and 213 women at 18-month follow-up; 948 unique women providing data at one time point at least, with 55 women providing data at all three time points. Women in the intervention group were more likely to be Hindu than women in the control group (96.9 vs. 85.2%, At baseline, the average IQFP score was 2.6 out of 5 (SD 0.9), equivalent to a rating between “fair” and “good” (At 9-month follow-up, the average IQFP score was 2.9 out of 5 (SD 0.8), equivalent to a rating of approximately “good.” Intervention participants had significantly higher mean IQFP scores than control participants at 9-month follow-up (intervention mean 3.2, SD 0.6 vs. control mean 2.3, SD 0.9, At 18-month follow-up, the average IQFP score was 3.0 out of 5 (SD 0.7), equivalent to a rating of “good.” Intervention participants had significantly higher mean IQFP scores than control participants at 18-month follow-up (intervention mean 3.2, SD 0.6 vs. control mean 2.8, SD 0.7, In minimally adjusted models (accounting for time, treatment status, and geographic cluster), intervention relative to control condition was associated with a one-point increase in IQFP score from baseline at 9-month follow-up (1.05, 95% CI 0.61–1.48, In analyses assessing mediation of CHARM2 treatment effects by improved QOC at 9-month follow-up, we found evidence of significant mediation of the treatment effect on current modern contraceptive use (indirect effect coefficient 0.29, 95% CI 0.07–0.50). We did not observe statistically significant mediation of any other assessed outcome including wife’s reports of contraceptive communication, self-efficacy, and equal right to decide to use contraception as her husband (data not shown).