Instrumentation and processing
The labeled marker data were imported in Matlab (Matlab 2019) to determine the elbow joint angle in the concentric and eccentric phase. To this purpose, a vector was defined from the lateral epicondyle of the elbow to the average position of the styloid process of the radius and ulna, and from the lateral epicondyle of the elbow to the marker on the lateral aspect of the acromion. The angle between the vectors was calculated and taken as the elbow angle. The concentric phase was defined as the time period from maximum to minimum joint angle, while the eccentric phase was defined as the period from minimum to maximum joint angle.Raw sEMG signals were filtered by a 20–450 Hz zero-lag Butterworth bandpass filter, with a 2-pole low-Pass (40 dB/decade, or 2nd order) and a 5 pole High-Pass (80 dB/decade, or 5