2.3. Exclusion Criteria
abnormal coagulation, allergy, hyperthyroidism, iodine allergy, End-stage of the malignant tumor, systemic infection, acute stroke
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, ABNORMAL COAGULATION, ALLERGY, HYPERTHYROIDISM, IODINE ALLERGY, SYSTEMIC INFECTION, ACUTE STROKE
Patients who were with following conditions were excluded. (1) Patients with severe iodine allergy were at risk for contrast agent allergy. (2) Patients with abnormal coagulation must be corrected first. (3) Patients with acute stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and major surgical history within 1 month were excluded. (4) End-stage of the malignant tumor was excluded. (5) Patients with uncorrected hyperthyroidism were excluded for selected AVS. (6) There were no evidence-based medical studies to support pregnant women, lactation, and planned pregnancy patients undergo AVS. (7) Patients with severe systemic infection and being under mechanical ventilation were excluded.