2.2.1. Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (TFED).
fibrosis
FIBROSIS
This technique uses a natural entrance into the spinal canal (neuroforamen). The working channel for the endoscope is inserted through the paravertebral musculature latero-medially. During TFED, it is not necessary to disrupt the dorsal border of the spinal canal (the skeletal lamina of the vertebra and the ligamentum flavum). The risk of postoperative fibrosis formation is, therefore, minimal.