Men’s exclusion criteria
autoimmune or neurological disorders, prostatic disorders, hypogonadism, lower limb arthritic disorders, mental disorders, hepato-renal or respiratory disorders, deformations, tumors, weight loss
HYPOGONADISM, TUMORS, VASCULAR DISORDERS
Men who received phototherapeutic interventions, weight loss prescriptions (diet, exercise, or drugs), biologic therapies, and pharmacological inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-type 5 (Is-PDET5) within the last 12 weeks were excluded. CPP men with autoimmune or neurological disorders, hypogonadism (low testosterone levels), hepato-renal or respiratory disorders, penile implants, cardiopulmonary or vascular disorders, structural deformations of the penile shaft, lower limb arthritic disorders, prostatic disorders, mental disorders, drinking or smoking habits, or tumors were excluded from this lifestyle modification study.