Data collection tools
psychiatric
DISEASE CHARACTERISTIC
Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with standardized tools for assessment of emotion regulation, General Self-Efficacy, and perceived self-esteem, in addition to a section for the demographic and disease characteristics developed by the researchers. This covered data about patient age, gender, university education, marital status, residence, job status, income, as well as age at start and duration of substance of use, length of hospital stay, number of substances used and their types. The questionnaire was reviewed by five experts in psychiatric nursing for the completeness of the demographic and medical parts and for the relevance of the three standardized scales.The first tool was the emotion regulation questionnaire developed by Gross and John. [The second tool was the GSE scale developed by Schwarzer and Jerusalem [The third tool was the self-esteem test developed by Sorensen [