Discussion
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We achieved the purpose of this study by developing and evaluating a scenario-based online NL programme that experimental group participants found interesting and helpful to meet the learning objectives. The results support the effectiveness of scenario-based online programmes for improving college students’ NL and eating behaviours.NL does not merely refer to knowledge, but it also encompasses the ability to access and use nutritional information for making healthy food choices. Therefore, an NL-based nutrition education should be closely connected to students’ daily lives. When designing such interventions, it is essential to consider how the learning content fits into their everyday contexts. To do this effectively, a thorough understanding of the target audience’s needs is crucial before developing any intervention. Cousineau In Taiwan, despite formal health education courses being offered from elementary to high school, only 24·5 % of university students enrolled in nutrition-related courses, while 77·6 % expressed the need for nutrition knowledge in the present study in 2018. Higher education lacks formal health courses and relies on information campaigns and informal activities to improve health literacy. However, the impact of these interventions on healthy behaviours is limitedTo enhance self-efficacy, some studies incorporate real-life situations as a teaching strategy in nutrition education programmes. Researchers have utilised methods such as using real food in experimental settingsAdditionally, in the experimental group, 10 % of participants (five individuals) reported varying degrees of seriousness towards the course, with four individuals moderately engaging and one person showing disinterest. Notably, participants were incentivised to complete the entire course to receive incentive money, reducing the likelihood of withdrawal. However, future researchers should focus on enhancing learners’ intrinsic motivation and concentration in the course. E-learning offers unlimited accessibility, openness and repeatability, which have advantages but may also diminish learners’ perception of the course value