Markers of vitamin K
At baseline, participants were highly vitamin K deficient, as demonstrated by the elevated levels of plasma dp-uc-MGP (P-dp-uc-MGP) and PIVKA-II.Serum MK-7 (S-MK-7) increased significantly in the MK-7 group but remained stable in the placebo group. The mean changes from baseline and the absolute MK-7 levels differed highly significantly between study groups (all Effects of 2-year supplementation with vitamin K2 (MK-7, 360 μg daily) or placebo: Biochemical markers of vitamin K status. Mixed effect model analysis of changes in biochemical markers of vitamin K status. (Plasma total osteocalcin (tOC) levels were unchanged in the MK-7 group but increased significantly in the placebo group after 1 year. Over the 2-year study period, levels increased significantly in both study groups, yet to a larger extent with placebo (P-dp-ucMGP and PIVKA-II levels decreased significantly in the MK-7 group and increased significantly in the placebo group, with significant differences in changes and absolute levels between groups (all 