Historical Comparison Group
CKD
END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE, PROGRESSION, DISEASES
As stated under Ethics, the design of clinical studies in life-threatening diseases cannot include placebo treatments. Therefore, a historical CDKu cohort of 12 male patients was selected with similar age and CKD stages to serve as a comparison group. These patients ranged in age 31 to 68 years (48.5 ± 11.2 mean ±SD) with 6 patients starting at stage 3 and 6 patients starting at stage 4. Their records reflected that they received comparable Nicaragua standard of care available (2005-2021). A clinical profile of the patients in the historical cohort is presented in Historical comparison cohort.All subjects were male. Progression to end-stage renal disease (defined as reaching an eGFR of <15 mL/minute/1.73 m