Participants
cognitive impairment, dementia, MCI, depression, Depression
DISEASE, PARKINSON'S DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
All participants maintain a degree of independence in daily life, and are able to communicate, but lack the company of their children or other family members. All older adults in this nursing home have received neuroimaging tests. The sample size was calculated using G-power software version 3.1(Franz Faul, Germany). We hypothesized that the intervention had an effect size of 0.30. With a power of 80% and an α of 0.05, 37 participants for each condition of the study were required. Considering the percentage of loss in the sample, 40 participants for each intervention were determined. The inclusion criteria in this study were: (a) people older than 65 years; (b) presence of depression symptoms (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥ 8); and (c) presence of MCI (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score < 26). The exclusion criteria included: (a) history of cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, or other severe physical or mental disease; (b) difficulty in moving and communicating; and (c) diagnosis of severe cognitive impairment such as dementia.The 80 participants were randomly assigned using a computerized randomization scheme at a 1:1 ratio for the receptive music therapy intervention group (n = 40) and the control group (n = 40).