Secondary outcome
bradycardia, vomiting, nausea
A significant difference in the volume of pre-anesthesia-administered fluid was found between the two groups (600 mL in the control group vs. 90 mL in the SCVUS group, p < 0.001). Similarly, the amount of total fluid administered was 690 mL in the control group and 160 mL in the SCVUS group (p < 0.001). Phenylephrine dose requirements were comparable between the two groups (p = 0.276). Women in both groups demonstrated similar negative effects associated with spinal anesthesia, including bradycardia, nausea, and/or vomiting (Table 