Sampling and participants
The present study was conducted among Year 2 Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Malaysia, with the ethical approval code: AUHEC/FOD/2023/17. All 70 students were invited to participate in the dental materials science practical session. To avoid potential bias in group distribution, each student was randomly allocated into two different groups using a computer-generated random number: Group 1 – feedback sandwich and Group 2 – ATA.