Statistical analysis
HBP
Assuming an incidence of si-SSI in elective HBP surgery of 11% in staples group and 3% in subcuticular suture group [Data was collected prospectively by the investigators, and all patients were followed-up as per protocol using individual electronic patient records. Quantitative data is presented as mean (SD) or median (IQR). Qualitative data is presented as absolute numbers and proportions. We used an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis for all outcomes, and per-protocol (PP) analysis was performed for the primary endpoint. Differences among both groups were evaluated using parametric and non-parametric tests, as corresponded. We assessed the primary endpoint using χ