Participants
trauma
LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL REFLUX
The University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board approved the study procedures (#829504). Enrolled participants were 60 adults (24 men, 36 women) between 18 and 35 years of age. Participants self-reported no history of respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, cough, swallowing, voice, or olfactory problems; chemical sensitivities; occupational chemical exposures; smoking; gastroesophageal or laryngopharyngeal reflux; and surgery or trauma to the head, neck, or larynx. Female participants reported that they were not pregnant or lactating. After providing verbal and written informed consent, participants completed the following questionnaires: Voice Handicap Index (