Introduction
ocular allergy, VKC, allergy, cataract, glaucoma
RECURRENCE, ALLERGY, CATARACT, ADHESION, GLAUCOMA, PATHOLOGY, VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a relatively rare form of ocular allergy that occurs most frequently in children and adolescents with seasonal recurrence [The pathology of VKC involves Th2 cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and mast cells, as well as a variety of chemokines, adhesion molecules, and cytokines [Although topical corticosteroids are acknowledged as effective anti-inflammatory agents in active ocular allergy, a key limitation of their use in severe VKC is the risk of glaucoma and/or cataract development with long-term use [Topical cyclosporine (CsA) has been shown to be effective for the treatment of VKC in multiple clinical studies and is recommended as a steroid-sparing therapy for this condition [CsA CE 0.1% has been evaluated in patients with VKC in the multicentre, randomised, double-masked, vehicle-controlled phase II/lll NOVATIVE and the phase III VEKTIS trials, which assessed the efficacy and tolerability of CsA CE 0.1% eye drops for treatment of severe VKC in children and adolescents ≥4 years of age (NOVATIVE) and between 4 and <18 years of age (VEKTIS) [