Discussion
tooth brushing behavior, tooth
 This study sought to evaluate the impact of an educational program according to the HPM on brushing behavior in pregnant women. HPM-based training enhanced the duration of tooth brushing behavior in the intervention group compared to the control group in the present study. However, there was no change in the frequency of tooth brushing. The results of some studies revealed improvements in preventive oral hygiene behaviors, The findings of this study indicated that three months after the intervention, the perceived benefits of tooth brushing behavior were enhanced in the intervention group in comparison with the control group. These findings are in agreement with those of the study by Anderson et al, Moreover, the results of this study demonstrated that three months after the intervention, the perceived barriers associated with tooth brushing behavior were considerably lower in the intervention group than in the control group. These findings are in line with those of similar studies. An additional finding of this study was that positive affect cues to behavior were promoted, while negative affect cues to behavior were reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group. These results are in agreement with those of the study by Dehdari et al Some of the strengths of this study were the utilization of virtual education and the appropriate time and location for each individual. However, one of the study’s limitations was the assessment of behavior via self-report. Another constraint was that the pregnant woman’s attention was preoccupied with various matters linked to the health of the mother and the fetus throughout pregnancy, which might have affected the degree of involvement in group discussions about oral health. To modify this problem, telephone calls were used to increase mothers’ motivation to participate in group activities.