Study population
hearing/visual impairments, psychiatric, infections, Charcot neuropathy
FOOT ULCERS, KIDNEY, DIABETES MELLITUS, INFECTIONS
Participants were recruited from the Fahad Bin Jassim Kidney Center (Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar), which is an outpatient hemodialysis clinic. To be included, participants had to be: 50 years of age or older, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, currently receiving HD, and ambulatory. Participants were excluded if they had: current foot ulcers or infections, Charcot neuropathy, clinically significant medical or psychiatric conditions, major hearing/visual impairments, or experienced changes in psychotropic or sleep medications in the last 6 weeks. Additionally, participants were excluded if they were participating in any exercise training, or were unable to walk a distance of 15 m with or without an assistive device (e.g. cane or walker). Figure Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) diagram for inclusion and exclusion of participants.