Outcomes and covariates
malaria
MALARIA, SECONDARY
The secondary outcomes reported in this analysis were obtained at the individual level and defined as: (A) any ANC received from a skilled provider (y/n); (B) four or more total ANC consultations with a skilled provider (y/n); (C) first trimester enrolment for ANC with a skilled provider (y/n); (D) took at least three doses of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp3, y/n) and (E) institutional delivery (y/n). These outcomes were derived from self-reports to specific survey questions. In the context of the trial, a skilled provider was considered as a doctor, nurse, midwife, matron or a CHW and an institution was considered as a hospital (national, regional or referral), dispensary, maternity home, PHC, private hospital, private clinic or a treatment room. ‘Visits’ in this manuscript refer to visits to any of these institutions. In order to examine adherence to the revised WHO recommendations,As a measure of household socioeconomic status, we adapted the Demographic and Health Surveys method and created a wealth index based on livestock and durable goods ownership data collected in the annual household surveys, using principal component analysis.