4. Discussion
stroke, eating behavior, fullness, eating ramen
STROKE
In this study, we examined the effect of using a perforated spoon on salt intake using ramen as a test meal in men who are young and healthy. The results of the study showed that using a perforated spoon for noodles reduced the amount of salt intake by decreasing the amount of soup consumed compared to using a regular spoon. There were no differences in post-meal fullness or deliciousness between both spoon conditions. Salt intake was lower when the ramen was consumed with the perforated spoon than when consumed using a regular spoon.This result was attributed to the fact that eating ramen with a perforated spoon reduced the amount of soup broth consumed. The median difference in soup intake between both spoon conditions was approximately 30 g, indicating that the participants consumed approximately three spoons less soup with the perforated spoon. This result supports the hypothesis that using perforated spoons can reduce salt intake by decreasing soup intake. In a previous study [The effect of salt reduction using a perforated spoon was confirmed for all participants. However, some (A new finding from this study was that using a perforated spoon in a study of young, healthy male participants with ramen as a test meal reduced salt intake by reducing soup intake without sacrificing the feeling of fullness and taste after the meal. It has been suggested that ramen may increase the risk of stroke mortality due to its high salt content [This study had some limitations which should be described. First, it was conducted in an experimental setting, which may have differences from normal eating behavior. Second, the participants were limited to male university students. Therefore, the results cannot be generalized to women or other age groups. Third, the participants were university students, which is a relatively well-educated population. Higher education has been reported to be negatively correlated with salt intake, and the participants in this study may have consumed less soup than the general population [