Randomisation, interventions, subsequent care and follow-up visits
diabetes
DIABETES
This RCT consisted of a data collection and handling period of 4 weeks, and three consecutive intervention periods of 11 weeks (total duration 37 weeks) (ESM Fig. To assess glycaemic control, each participant in the POWER2DM and usual care groups was provided with a blinded continuous glucose monitor for 2 consecutive weeks at the start of the study (weeks 0–2) and the end of the study (weeks 35–37). The study visits for participants included in the POWER2DM group focused on SDM and goal setting for self-management behaviour, using the POWER2DM integrated e-health system. Clinical information about glycaemic control and diabetes-related outcomes was gathered, and laboratory tests, anthropometric measurements and questionnaires were completed at baseline (week 0), week 11, week 22 and week 37. At week 4, week 15 and week 26, all gathered information was used by the clinicians and participants to engage in SDM and set personalised treatment goals together. The participants would then try to achieve these goals with the help of the mobile application and webpage of the SMSS, which they used whenever they felt appropriate. Twice during the study (weeks 11–13 and 22–24), participants in the POWER2DM group received a non-blinded intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring device (FreeStyle Libre) to provide an additional learning opportunity and mimic real-life clinical practice, in which measurements from intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring devices are widely available and used. For participants in the usual care group, regular care visits with their usual diabetes care team were continued, together with reporting on glycaemic control and diabetes-related outcomes, laboratory tests, anthropometric measurements and questionnaires at baseline (week 0), week 11, week 22 and week 37. ESM Fig. 