4. Discussion
obesity, Obesity, inflammation, fracture, overweight, osteoporosis
OBESITY, OBESITY, OBESE, INFLAMMATION, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, OSTEOPOROSIS
In this study, there was no association between bone outcomes, including BMD, TBS, and dietary inflammatory potential. To our knowledge, we are among the first to include TBS among bone outcomes in the assessment of their relationship with E-DII in post-menopausal women. While chronic inflammation has been associated with an increased risk in osteoporosis and dietary patterns are known to impact inflammatory markers, little investigation has been carried out using E-DII to evaluate the impact on bone health.Our cohort was predominately white, with most being overweight or obese, and the mean E-DII scores suggested an anti-inflammatory diet. While not all previous studies reported E-DII scores, our population’s average E-DII score was more anti-inflammatory compared to previous DII studies involving post-menopausal cohorts, which had reported higher DII scores ranging from −1.18 to 0.85 [TBS has been associated with fracture history and improving prediction of fracture risk, with increasing attention in its role in risk of osteoporosis, but its relationship with dietary factors is yet to be fully understood [Unlike previous studies that have reviewed the DII and bone outcomes, our study did not find any significant association between BMD and E-DII scores after adjustment for important potential confounders. One of the first studies to evaluate the inflammatory potential of diet using the DII and BMD was an observational study of post-menopausal Iranian women aged 50–85 years [There are several potential mechanisms by which diet impacts bone outcomes, including the role of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress [It is also important to note the interplay between diet, obesity, and inflammation as it pertains to bone health. As previously stated, the majority of our population were overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with increased systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to higher risk of fracture and osteoporosis, as well as the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and protein synthesis [