Gut microbiota analysis
T2DM
According to the informed consent and research protocol, fecal samples were collected at baseline (day 0) and the end of the 2-year follow-up visit. The 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to analyze gut microbiota’s structural composition and abundance changes. A total of 32 stool samples in the Probiotic group and 22 in the Placebo group were collected. In this study, the differences in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) abundance among the probiotic group and the placebo group were compared. The Venn diagram showed that 435 of the total 972 genera were shared among the 4 groups (Composition and diversity of gut microbiota before and after two years probiotics or placebo intervention. Composition and diversity of gut microbiota in T2DM patients and non-T2DM patients before and after two years of probiotics intervention. The mean proportion of subdoligranulum and monoglobus in the T2DM group was significantly lower than that of the non-T2DM group both at bas `eline and after the intervention. The proportion of collinsella was lower in the T2DM group (Analysis of significantly altered gut microbiota and specific species microbiot in T2DM patients and non-T2DM patients after two years of probiotics intervention. Functional prediction and comparison of gut microbiota between T2DM and non-T2DM groups.