4.5. Histopathological Analysis
bladder tumors, Urothelial lesions, TURBT
BLADDER TUMORS, BLADDER
Bladder samples collected from all patients through cystoscopy or transurethral resections of bladder tumors (TURBT) were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 24 h and then embedded in paraffin. Subsequently, they were sliced into 5 μm-thick sections with a semi-automatic microtome (CUT5062; Slee Mainz, Munich, Germany). These sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and examined under a Leica DM2500 microscope equipped with a DFC295 camera (Leica, Munich, Germany) in order to capture images.Diagnosis based on bladder biopsies was initially performed by the Pathology Department of HMP and further reviewed by a senior pathologist from the Medical School at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Urothelial lesions were categorized based on the staging criteria proposed by the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus [