2.4. Definition of Study Outcomes
CoMiSS, Atopic Eczema, CMPA, allergic urticarial rash
SKIN, ATOPIC ECZEMA
Detailed information regarding study outcomes has been previously described. In short, CMPA in formula-fed infants was defined as the presence of AD (as below) and/or allergic urticarial rash and/or gastrointestinal manifestations combined with an open positive oral food challenge (OFC) [CMPA in EBF was confirmed by cow’s milk protein (CMP) elimination in the mother’s diet for 7–14 days (depending on the timing of symptoms disappearance) followed by CMP reintroduction in the maternal diet. If symptoms reappeared, then the infant was diagnosed with CMPA.AD was defined as the clinical diagnosis by the pediatrician accompanied by the recorded scores in SCORAD and CoMiSS tools (total objective score > 1 and Skin Symptoms on Atopic Eczema > 1, respectively) [Z-scores for weight, length, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated and compared with World Health Organization growth charts (“