Introduction
MM, psychiatric, Anxiety, anxiety
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Dental implant surgery often lasts 1 to 2 h and is almost always associated with patient anxiety and psychological stress. The term “stress” describes the effects of psychosocial and environmental factors on physical and/or mental well-beingAcute stress and anxiety during dental surgical procedures trigger an increase in sympathetic activity that is particularly undesirable in patients with cardiovascular diseasesIn current research contexts, the mindfulness meditation (MM) technique is defined as nonjudgmental attention to experiences in the present momentIn the medical and psychological research, MM has been reported to produce beneficial effects on a number of psychiatric and stress-related symptoms and has therefore increasingly been incorporated into psychotherapeutic programsMM is often associated with high levels of relaxation in the form of increased parasympathetic tone and decreased sympathetic activityMindfulness-based techniques have been suggested to be useful for managing dental anxiety including implant surgeryWe hypothesized that patients randomly assigned to receive pre-operative mindfulness meditation would show a greater improvement in psychological distress and the vital signs than non-meditated patients. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a brief mindfulness meditation (short body scan) as a sedative technique during dental implant surgery via examining the subjective (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and objective (BIS, cortisol levels, SBP, DBP, HR, SpO