2.3. Outcome Measures
NDI, disability, Pain, pain
Neck proprioception, pain, and disability were the primary outcome measures. Outcome measures were recorded at the first session prior to initiation of the exercise program to establish a baseline, and again after eight weeks of training. Neck proprioception was assessed using joint repositioning error (JRE). To maintain consistency, the same investigator provided exercise training to both groups. For this reason, the investigator used standardized language with both groups, reading from a customized booklet.Joint repositioning error for neck rotation was measured based on the methods first described by Revel et al. [Pain intensity was measured in mm using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ruler in which 100 is the highest imaginable pain and zero is no pain at all. Patients were asked to indicate their pain intensity on the VAS ruler once at the beginning of the study and once after completing the eight-week exercise program.The amount of perceived disability by patients was recorded using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) [For employing the NDI in clinical decision making, a change of 5 points was established as clinically significant, displaying a sensitivity of 0.78 and specificity of 0.80.