Box plots of raw data for VAS pain scores at rest (VAS-R) and on coughing (VAS-M) at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h postoperatively.
Data are median (central line), interquartile range (box margins), and adjacent values (whiskers). C group = control group; K group = esketamine group. The intraoperative data are shown in 