Study design
digestive biscuit
BLOOD
Before one of the two intervention sessions, the volunteers recorded their habitual diet for seven consecutive days in food diaries. The evening before each visit, volunteers were provided with a standardised meal consisting of a vegetarian paella (made in-house), a glass of semi-skimmed milk, toffee yoghurt and a plain digestive biscuit. Supplementary Table On the morning of the day of each intervention session, the volunteers arrived and fasted at the HNU, and their fat mass was measured using BodPod® (COSMED Srl). Their blood pressure was also measured using a blood pressure monitor (OMRON Healthcare). Participants consumed the test meal within 10 min, and their blood samples (45 ml in total) were collected using a cannula at baseline (before the test meal consumption) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min from the start of the meal (see intervention day diagram, 
Human dietary intervention study diagram. Each volunteer (Blood glucose levels were measured for 240 min postprandially using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring system (iPro2, Medtronic MiniMed), which determined interstitial glucose concentrations every 5 min. Faecal samples were collected before the beginning of the intervention (see intervention day diagram, The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving human subjects were reviewed and approved by the Human Studies Management Committee of the Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, UK, and the Rowett Institute Ethics Panel and registered with clinicaltrial.gov (study ID number: NCT05252013). Participants were recruited between January 2019 and March 2020.