2.2. Participants
bleeding, intervertebral disc herniation, herniation, allergy, pain, stenosis, lumbar radicular pain
BLEEDING, ALLERGY, INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HERNIATION, SYSTEMIC INFECTION, STENOSIS
The included participants were between the ages of 18 and 65 years with unilateral lumbar radicular pain, with symptomatic disc herniation at one level verified by magnetic resonance imaging, and pain intensity measured on the VAS from 0 to 10 or ≥5. Exclusion criteria were as follows: age < 18 or >65 years; refusal to participate in this study; central stenosis of the lumbar canal; lumbar radicular pain due to causes other than intervertebral disc herniation; pregnancy; allergy to steroids, local anesthetics, or contrast media; positive history of prolonged bleeding; local or systemic infection; and previous lumbar spine surgery at the currently observed level.