4.3. Pharmacokinetic Data from Clinical Trials
Previous analyses of spermidine pharmacokinetics in humans are scarce; published data are not based on randomized placebo-controlled interventions but rather on noninterventional data or food-based interventions. In 2018, the results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II trial with supplementation of a polyamine-rich plant extract were reported [More recently, confirming data from rodent experiments [