Randomization and blinding
CHD, anxiety
GYNECOLOGIC CANCER
Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either a carbohydrate drink group (CHD group) or a carbohydrate drink with chewing gum group (CHD with gum group) at a ratio of 1:1. Randomization was performed using a random permuted block design with a block size of two generated by the computer. Allocation information was sealed in an opaque envelope numbered with a randomization sequence and stacked in the education room of the gynecologic cancer center. An investigator (YJB) enrolled the patient and assessed the baseline anxiety. After obtaining informed consent, a gynecologist (YYL) opened the sealed envelope and distributed the instruction for gum chewing. The blinded investigator (YJB) performed an ultrasound scan for gastric antrum before induction. An independent anesthesiologist performed induction and supervised general anesthesia. The blinded researchers (YJB, MJJ) interviewed the patients about preoperative anxiety in the preoperative holding area, perioperative outcomes, and postoperative recovery during the in-hospital stay.