INTRODUCTION
motivational deficits, Schizophrenia, neuropsychiatric diseases, claudication symptoms
DISORDER, DISEASE, PATHOGENESIS
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that contributes significantly to the burden of mental disease worldwide.Several attempts have been made to define the distinctive mechanisms responsible for these negative symptoms to introduce new therapeutic agents that could target those mechanisms.Studies over the past two decades have provided important data about the effects of inflammatory cytokines, involving TNF‐α, interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), and IL‐6, on the basal ganglia, which contributes to the pathogenesis of all neuropsychiatric diseases including negative symptoms and motivational deficits.Pentoxifylline is a methylated xanthine derivative and works as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is commonly used for the management of claudication symptoms by inhibition thrombocytes aggregation, boosting erythrocyte flexibility or deformity, and decrease blood viscosity.