Participants and group allocation
heart failure, heart defects, coin toss, valvular anomalies
HEART FAILURE, PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, HEART
By design this study is a prospective, randomized, single blinded study.Participants are patients over 18 years of age which were scheduled for elective major thoracic procedure (lung resection, pleurectomy or resection of the esophagus) with planned thoracotomy and intraoperative period of one lung ventilation with planned postoperative admission to the ICU. Exclusion criteria were persistent atrial fibrillation, structural heart defects (shunting or moderate to severe valvular anomalies), preoperative serum hemoglobin levels < 120 g/L and severe heart failure classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade IV.In the anesthesia preparation room, after informed consent was obtained, patients were randomized using coin toss into two groups:“machine learning algorithm”