Study participants
OSAHS, congenital heart disease, epilepsy, depression, hearing or speech impairment, polyps, hypopnea syndrome, tumors
SYSTEMIC DISEASE, EPILEPSY, OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA, TUMORS, HYPERTENSION
This study was a single-center double-blind randomized controlled study. The protocol for this trial was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Z2020185). The trial was registered with the China Clinical Trial Registration CenterParticipants undergoing maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation at the Hospital, between 2 January 2021 and 27 January 2022 were eligible for this trial. In this study, we included patients who were men or women aged 18–40 years; had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I or II; entered the operating room by 8:00 a.m.; had their endotracheal tube removed within 2 h of operation; were not given patient-controlled analgesia (PCA); and stayed in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) on the first night after operation. We excluded participants who had a history of other systemic diseases, such as congenital heart disease, hypertension, and epilepsy; who had obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), depression, or were taking sedative and analgesic drugs; who had cysts, tumors, or polyps in their respiratory tract; who had a history of an upper respiratory tract infection in the past 2 weeks, who could not cooperate because of hearing or speech impairment or both, and who refused to enroll.