Background
shivering, intraoperative nerve blockade, pain
Regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural anesthesia) has been recommended as the preferred option for elective cesarean section compared to general anesthesia. The main reason for the preference is the negligible maternal mortality associated with gastric acid aspiration of mothers. Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section is thought to be advantageous due to its rapid onset of nerve blockade and reliable performance [Dexmedetomidine has been increasingly used as a local anesthetic adjuvant for spinal anesthesia. The combination was associated with a long list of benefits, including reduced use of analgesics, improved intraoperative nerve blockade, shortened onset time of the sensory or motor block, lowered occurrence of shivering, prolonged postoperative analgesia, and reduced postoperative pain score in cesarean Sects. [Therefore, our primary aim was to determine the median effective dose (ED