Introduction
T2DM, dysbiosis
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whose prevalence has been estimated to raise from 536.6 million people in 2021 to 783.2 million by 2045 (Cyclocarya paliurus (C. paliurus) (Batal) IIjinskajia, an endemic plant belonging to Cyclocarya genus of the Juglandaceae family, is also known as the money tree, and it is distributed in 420–2500 m mountainous regions of Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and other provinces in China (Gut microbiota plays an important role in T2DM. Moderate dysbiosis with a decrease in butyric-producing bacteria and an increase in opportunistic pathogens was found in T2DM patients in China (As above mentioned, C. paliurus seems to have the potential to be a new treatment medication for T2DM. However, to our knowledge, no existing literature or research is available to address the question concerning whether C. paliurus can improve glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients. Thus, we conducted a pilot clinical randomized controlled study to compare the effect of C. paliurus leaves extracts (CP) and an antidiabetic drug Glipizide on metabolic phenotypes, including the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites (SCFAs and bile acids) in T2DM patients.