The oral microbiome is genetically more dynamic than the gut microbiome.
diabetes
HYPERGLYCEMIA, DISEASE, DIABETES
Normalized histograms of the percentage of strains replaced (Additionally, we observed that the richness of the oral environment correlated with increased stability of oral strains (Pearson r = −0.49 between the percentage of strains replaced and environment’s richness, Of the species present in at least 50 participants, the three most replaced species in the gut environment were We checked whether the microbiome also has a mediatory role at the level of strains. To this end we pulled both diets’ significantly changed features and tested whether the diet’s effect on glycemic measurements was mediated by the gut microbiome genetic difference, or separately by the oral microbiome genetic difference. We found oral Additionally, we checked whether the microbiome genetic difference has a mediatory role in the diet’s effect on metabolites and cytokines. We found 56 trajectories in the gut and 70 in the oral environment, that were mediated by six gut species, In summary, our results show that while the gut microbiome experienced greater compositional change as a result of the dietary intervention and disease status, the oral microbiome was more dynamic at the genetic-strain level. This genetic level has a mediatory role in the diet’s effect on glycemic, metabolic and immune measurements. The strain dynamics was negatively associated with environmental richness and positively associated with species prevalence in the population. In both the oral and gut environments, some of the most genetically dynamic species have been previously associated with diabetes, perhaps because of increasing dominance of pathogenic strains inflicting or inflicted by the hyperglycemia.