Discussion
obesity, obese, choroidal thickness, choroidal microvascular structure, retinal vascular diseases, overweight, hyperleptinemia, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases
OBESITY, OBESE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, EVENTS, RETINA, VASCULAR DISEASES, SECONDARY, DECREASED VASCULAR FLOW, METABOLIC SYNDROME, OXIDATIVE STRESS, PATHOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS
The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the OCTA parameters generate the overall potency for the evaluation of the microvessels in the overweighted and obese patients. The microvascular structure of ONH (prepapillary, inside disc, total disc) was influenced in overweight and obese patients. FAZ was higher in overweight and obese adult participants. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. SCT was higher in both overweighted and obese patients when compared to the control normal weight group. We obtained a mild positive correlation between SCT and BMI and a negative correlation between the VDs in ONH.Obesity is a very common pathology, with changes in inflammatory, hormonal and metabolic factors in its pathogenesis. One of the mechanisms that may be the basis of ocular diseases common with obesity, can be disruptions in the retinochoroidal microvascular system [It may cause impairment of the metabolic profile in obese patients due to systemic oxidative stress secondary to hyperleptinemia. Some studies showed that nitric oxide (NO) levels decreased and vessels widened in obese individuals. There is a marked association between obesity and metabolic syndrome, which is related to a proinﬂammatory and proatherogenic circumstance that causes a tendency to cardiovascular disease. Although the initial mechanism of atherosclerosis is still not known, inﬂammation and endothelial function deterioration seem to be key events. These vascular changes can also occur in the eye, which is an end organ, and may result in decreased vascular flow to the retina. Reduced oxygenation and flow may be the reason for the development of vascular diseases of the retina. Thus, quantitative parameters related to OCTA can provide important information regarding subclinical changes occurring in obese participants. In literature, it has been demonstrated that this relationship may be due to systemic oxidative stress secondary to hyperleptinemia, which is caused by obesity. In previous studies, obesity has been indicated as a risk factor for retinal vascular diseases [Other studies about obese patients have shown that choroidal thickness increases in obese subjects when compared to the healthy control population [Zarei et al. found that the RNFL thickness of the optic disc is lower in adult individuals with metabolic syndrome, compared to the controls [OCT-A provides an understanding of both the retinal and the choroidal microvascular structure. By OCT-A, worthwhile data with structural features of the retina can be obtained. It is an effective and useful imaging method that can detect the changes in initial phases in which the retina is affected.The VDs in ONH were significantly lower in the overweighted and obese patients than in the control group (According to Zhi Z et al. [Although there was no statistical significance, Icel E et al. [