Characteristic of study participants
malaria, deaths, SD, parasitaemia
MALARIA
A total of 1414 pregnant women were enrolled in the GRAPHS study. Placental tissue was collected for 1193 (84.4%) of the total study mothers. Those not collected included mothers who refused for their samples to be taken, births that occurred outside the study area and instances where fieldworkers were not notified of the birth. Study mothers whose placental tissues were not collected as well as children of these mothers were excluded from this analysis. Of the 1193 participants who were included in this analysis, 427 (35.8%) were from the control arm, 438 (36.7%) from Biolite arm and 328 (27.5%) from the LPG arm. The average age of study participants was about 28 years (SD = 7.2). Overall, 15.0% of the study participants were carrying their first pregnancies. With regards to malaria prevention interventions, 857 (71.84%) of the study participants received at least one dose of IPTp and 764 (64.04%) used ITNs during pregnancy. A total of 28 infant deaths (2.4%) were recorded for the 1193-study participant and the remaining 1165 infants were followed for one year for malaria parasitaemia. There was almost an equal distribution of sex among the infants born to the study participants: 49.6% female vs 50.4% males. More than two thirds (67.3%) of the infants were born during the high malaria transmission season (Table Characteristics of study participants by study arm