Inclusion and exclusion criteria
bruxism, carious or non-carious cervical lesions, diabetes
PERIODONTAL DISEASE, TOOTH SENSITIVITY, DISORDERS, DIABETES
The patients included in this clinical trial were 18–40 years of age, had good general and oral health, and required orthodontic treatment. Each participant was required to have premolar teeth that were color shade A3 or darker, which as determined by comparison with a value-oriented shade guide (Vita Classical; VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), and caries-free with no restorations on any surface. The participants needed to have the presence of all permanent teeth up to the erupted first molars and normal alignment and leveling of the canines, premolars and molars. In addition, only participants with no signs of periodontal disease, or systemic disorders capable of interfering with the periodontal condition (e.g., diabetes), and those who did not use antimicrobial or antibiotics solutions in the last 3 months before the study began were included.Participants were excluded if they had poor oral hygiene, were pregnant or lactating women, those who had undergone dental bleaching treatment, and smokers. Participants with visible cracks, gingival recession, carious or non-carious cervical lesions, spontaneous tooth sensitivity, severe internal discoloration, or bruxism were excluded. Participants taking medications like analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs were also excluded.All participants were informed of the nature and objectives of the study and the informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).