Discussion
The overall goal of the study was to assess the impact of augmented feedback and self-assessment strategies on the performance and retention of SM skills. Skills were assessed through a series of SM force–time profile variables, but also using bias, accuracy and consistency measurements. Results showed that visual feedback regarding SMT force–time profile performance (ViF group) alone or combined with self-estimation of SM performance (S-A group) did not improve short-term SM performance, nor did it improve performance at the one-week retention test, although previous studies have shown that augmented feedback can be useful when learning spinal manipulation techniques. A study by Pasquier et al. (2017) investigated the effect of augmented feedback on SM biomechanical parameters using global performance feedback provided verbally and reinforced, when necessary, by specific quantified feedback related to SM force–time profile characteristics [This is the first study to investigate the effect of self-estimation strategy on SM performance and learning. Although a review by Wulf et al. (2010) [Regarding force target reaching and estimations, Starmer et al. (2016) [