Introduction
Primary bile acids (priBAs)—including cholic (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acids (CDCA)—are synthesized from cholesterol in the human liver, conjugated with either taurine or glycine, and secreted into the intestinal tract, where they dissolve dietary lipids [Intestinal bacteria converted CA and CDCA via 7α-dehydroxylation into deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), respectively, which are the predominant BAs in human large bowel [Diet is a modifiable factor that can influence defecation status [