Measures and Scales Used
Diabetes distress, diabetes
DIABETES
Diabetes distress was measured in this study using the DDS-17. The DDS-17 consists of 17 items that measure patients’ perceptions in 4 general domains of distress: interpersonal, physician, regimen, and emotional. Interpersonal distress (3 items) reflects the psychological emotions and feelings of patients with diabetes during their interaction with people around them. Physician distress (4 items) portrays the distress that patients experience during interaction with their physician. Regimen distress (5 items) describes the distress felt by patients because of the need to adhere to a diabetes management plan. Emotional burden (5 items) describes the distress related to emotions associated with having diabetes.