Setting and study population
tumor, fracture, LBP, osteoporosis, spondylitis
DISEASES, TUMOR, NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS, INFLAMMATORY DISORDER, RADICULAR SYNDROME, OSTEOPOROSIS, SPONDYLITIS
The biomechanics laboratory of the Sport Sciences Research Institute conducted baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up assessments. A well-experienced assessor assessed the outcomes at the baseline, the end of the 8-week training period (post-treatment), and the end of the six-month follow-up in the same place. The patients did not receive any treatment, including physiotherapy and exercise, between the post-treatment and the six-month follow-up. The supervised clinical sessions in the corrective exercises center of the university also performed the treatments.The patients complained LBP were recruited through flyers in the physical therapy clinics, occupational health services, and primary care practices. Based on the inclusion criteria, the researchers enrolled eligible patients to participate in the study.This study included patients with LBP((according to the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10] (online website If the researchers found neurological disorders, spinal pathologies, structural deformity, osteoporosis, inflammatory disorder (e.g., spondylitis), radicular syndrome, history of tumor and fracture in the spine, true leg length discrepancy more than 20 mm, or BMI greater than 30 kg/m2, they excluded the patients.Based on previous studies, researchers calculated that they should enroll at least 40 subjects per each group to complete the study if they used an α error of 0.05, standard deviation of 2.5, and a power of 0.8 [