Main
NSCLC, tumor, NEOSTAR
NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, TUMOR, NSCLC
Immune checkpoint therapy has changed the treatment paradigm for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, until recently, much of the progress had been confined to the locally advanced and metastatic setting. Now, considerable effort is focused on how to best leverage immune checkpoint therapy for patients with resectable early-stage NSCLC and prevent post-operative tumor recurrenceStudies of neoadjuvant single-agent anti-PD-(L)1 therapy have yielded MPR rates between 6.7% and 45%Another strategy to enhance the efficacy of neoadjuvant anti-PD-(L)1 therapy is to combine it with the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA-4) immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab (Ipi), given that the two inhibitors impact the immune system through two independent, and possibly complementary, mechanisms of actionThe randomized phase 2 NEOSTAR trial evolved into a platform trial of sequential, single-center, single-arm, phase 2 studies with a modular design using MPR in each individual arm as the primary endpoint, which was hypothesized to be greater than historical controls of neoadjuvant CT