2.2.2. Memory Training Arm
This was a strategy-based pencil-and-paper training designed to improve verbal episodic memory using mnemonic strategies. The training included practice and feedback in organizing materials into meaningful categories, such as lists of errands or grocery shopping. After a brief introduction and overview of the main memory ability targeted by the training session, the participants received instruction in a strategy or mnemonic rule, exercises to practice the rule, individual and group feedback on performance, self-efficacy enhancement, and a practice test. In the strategy instruction, the trainer described the rule or strategy in relation to four basic memory principles (meaningfulness, organization, visualization, and association) and modeled the strategy’s use with concrete examples. The participants practiced the strategy during both the individual and group exercises involving lab-like memory tasks, as well as memory tasks related to the activities of daily life [