Findings
RECTAL CANCER
In this cohort study of 1948 patients treated with neoadjuvant fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without oxaliplatin or with total neoadjuvant treatment, 483 patients experienced treatment failure. Overall survival after treatment failure was significantly improved over 3 generations of phase 2 or 3 trials (CAO/ARO/AIO-94, -04, and -12) by the German Rectal Cancer Study Group.