A graphical illustration of the study protocols with examples of the exercises.
(A) Protocol I: “Wall Passing Drills”: The player stands in front of a wall on which numbers are placed as optotypes. They bounce the ball off the wall, make an overhead pass above themselves, and then touch the designated number before returning to the starting position for the next bounce. (B) Protocol II: “Partner Passing Drills”: The player makes an overhead shot above themselves, and on the second touch, passes the ball to their partner. During the first pass, the partner signals one of four colors (blue, green, red, yellow). After the pass, the player must touch the designated color marker and return to the defensive position, and be ready for the next pass. (C) Protocol III: “Passing Rotation Drill”: The players are arranged in two pairs and positioned facing each other. They make overhead or forearm passes to their partner, then simultaneously switch positions according to a rotation scheme to keep the ball in play. The graphic illustrations were prepared using the Easy Sports-Graphics software.