2.1. Patient Enrollment and Exclusion Criteria
colorectal, vascular, and, renal failure, organ failure, trauma
MULTIORGAN FAILURE, RENAL FAILURE
Patients admitted to our institution’s surgical ICU immediately after abdominal surgery from March 2019 to August 2022 were eligible for study enrollment. All patients who underwent abdominal surgery within the department of general surgery were considered for inclusion, spanning across various subspecialties such as hepatobiliary, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, colorectal, vascular, and trauma surgery. They were enrolled regardless of the surgical method, either open, laparoscopy, or robotic. The exclusion criteria were as follows; (1) aged under 18 years, (2) underwent surgery under local or regional anesthesia, (3) pregnant, (4) readmitted to the ICU, (5) diagnosed with renal failure and receiving renal replacement therapy, (6) lacked individual data necessary to calculate the mNUTRIC score measured at ICU admission, (7) failed to provide informed consent, or (8) with ‘do-not-resuscitate’ status. If the patient was discharged or expired within 48 h of ICU admission, the case was excluded from the analysis. Patients diagnosed with multiorgan failure, represented by a high sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (≥9) upon ICU admission, were also excluded from the results analysis. The current study was approved and carefully monitored by the Institutional Review Board of the Ethics Committee at our institution (IRB No. KC23RISI0361). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants or participant guardians, and the trial was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The trial is registered at Clinicals.gov (NCT06058247).