Experimental procedure
Storz SE
Prior to the experiment, the participant visited the lab for a familiarization to the experiment. During this first visit, the participant was explained about the study and its goals, filled out all necessary forms for participation and informed consent, practiced all tasks as simulated during the three conditions, and was asked about demographics (see Table The 90-min simulation consisted of several tasks performed in a Pelvic Trainer (Szabo, ID Trust Medical, Belgium). Each task required optics (Karl Storz 26003AA HOPKINS II Optik 0°, Karl Storz SE & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany) and the bimanual handling of one or two out of three tools: 34-cm long laparoscopic Maryland bipolar forceps (Model No. 20 195-225, ERBE Elektromedizin GmbH, Tübingen, Germany); 33-cm long forceps with 1:2 teeth (RS225-595, RUDOLF Medical GmbH & Co. KG, Fridingen, Germany); 36-cm long forceps without teeth (33,321 KW, KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany). The laboratory’s illuminance and room temperature were regulated to be 5–9 lx and 24–26 °C, respectively.The 90-min simulation included three 30-min blocks, of which each block contained five tasks in a set order: peg-transfer, pick-and-place, pick-and-tighten, pick-and-thread, pull-and-stick. For a visualization of these task, see Fig. The time course of an experimental condition; in the control condition, the blue blocks (breaks) will vanish. Each block and letter is related to a task, including the hot-wire (Visualization of the tasks that were performed as part of the experimental protocol: peg-transfer (