1. Introduction
inflammation, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous inflammation, pruritus, chronic eczematous skin, eczematous, eczema, trauma
INFLAMMATION, ATOPIC DERMATITIS, ECZEMA, ADVERSE EFFECTS, INFLAMMATORY CELL INFILTRATION, SKIN DISEASES, SKIN INFLAMMATION
Long-term treatments for inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis or eczema can cause adverse effects. Super Protein Multifunction (SPM) was investigated as a potential treatment for managing skin inflammation by monitoring the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced using LPS and poly(I:C)/TNFα in HaCaT keratinocytes and Hs27 fibroblasts as measured via RT-PCR. SPM solution was also assessed for its effect on cytokine release, measured using ELISA, in a UVB-irradiated 3D human skin model. To evaluate the efficiency of SPM, 20 patients with mild eczematous skin were randomized to receive SPM or vehicle twice a day for three weeks in a double-blind controlled trial. In vitro studies showed SPM inhibited inflammation-induced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-33, IL-1α, TSLP, and TNFα expression or release. In the clinical study, the SPM group showed significant improvements in the IGA, PA, and DLQI scores compared to the vehicle group. Neither group showed significant differences in VAS (pruritus). Histological analysis showed reduced stratum corneum thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration. The results suggest that SPM may reduce inflammation in individuals with chronic eczematous skin.The skin serves as the body’s outermost layer, protecting it from physical trauma, toxins, and microbes. The integrity of the skin tissue is maintained by proliferating basal keratinocytes, which give rise to an epithelial layer of differentiated keratinocytes, which then transforms into the outermost cornified layer composed of dehydrated cells and keratin filaments, forming a mechanical barrier against the entry of foreign agents, and protecting the body from loss of hydration [SPM, or Super Protein Multifunction, is a composite formulation that consists of essential components required by cells to grow and survive in vitro, enhancing their recovery capability [Additionally, certain amino acids have been shown to curtail cutaneous inflammation. Glycine can activate glycine-gated chloride channels to hyperpolarize keratinocytes and reduce inflammatory output [