Outcome measurement
RECRUITMENT
At recruitment, the study team collected household sociodemographic data and antenatal characteristics of pregnant women using the Government of India Demographic Health Survey (DHS) tool (Developmental Milestones Checklist (DMC) is a reliable and sensitive tool for evaluating motor, language, and personal-social development (The field staff who administered assessment tools received training and certification (At recruitment, we captured the household information and mothers’ maternal characteristics using the Demographic Health Survey tool of the Government of India. At 12 months and 24 months, we assessed all child development outcomes (primary outcomes) – Physical, cognitive, language, and socioemotional development. We also evaluated mother–child interaction and home environment at 12 and 18 months of interventions.