Introduction
diabetes, Diabetes, type 2 diabetes [Exercise, impaired fasting glucose
DIABETES MELLITUS (DM), IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, DIABETES, PRE-DIABETES, DIABETES
Changes in lifestyle have rapidly increased the levels of prevalence associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes [or impaired glucose regulation, IGR, which includes impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)] worldwide. This severely affects the quality of life and is a life-threatening development. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported in 2021 that the global prevalence of diabetes reached 10.5% (537 million adults), which was a rise of 16% (74 million) since the previous IDF estimates in 2019. The prevalence is predicted to increase to 11.3% (643 million) by 2030 and to 12.2% (783 million) by 2045. Furthermore, 10.6% (541 million) of adults worldwide have IGT, placing them at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes [Exercise is extremely important to prevent DM in individuals with IGR. Although the benefit of aerobic exercise in IGR has been confirmed [