2.4. Test Day Protocol
Four research test days were scheduled with one at the beginning and end of each of the 4-week periods. Subjects arrived following an overnight fast and were asked to only drink water. They had been instructed to refrain from exercise for 24 h, follow a consistent hydration pattern, and consume the same meal the night before each test day. Upon arrival, body mass was measured on a calibrated electronic scale (Tanita BWB-627A Class III electronic scale; Toledo Scale), height was measured with a wall-mounted stadiometer (Ayrton Stadiometer, Model S100; Ayrton Corp., Prior Lake, MN, USA) and resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using a metabolic cart (TrueOne 2400, ParvoMedics, Sandy, UT, USA).