2.1. Study areas, participants, and period
This study was conducted in two pastoral districts, including Gorodola and Wadara, of the East Guji zone. East Guji zone is one of the administrative zones of the Oromia region in South Ethiopia. According to CSA 2007 Population Projection, the total target population for 2012 was 127,722 (A map of a school-linked life skills intervention program in East Guji Zone.