Conclusions
low back pain
In this RCT of patients with neck and/or low back pain referred to specialist care, individually tailored and evidence-based self-management support delivered via an AI-based app adjunct to usual care did not significantly improve musculoskeletal health at 3 months compared with usual care alone or web-based self-management support without individual tailoring. Future studies should investigate the utility of implementing digitally supported self-management interventions in the specialist care setting and identify instruments that capture changes in self-management behavior.