Postoperative management
biliary stricture
BILE LEAK
Patients were transferred to the general surgical wards or the ICU according to their postoperative state. They received antibiotics intraoperatively and continued postoperatively for 10 days. Oral fluid intake was encouraged once intestinal sounds were audible. The daily follow-up plane include the following of the vital signs and drained outputs. We discharged the patients once oral intake was tolerated, liver function tests (LFTs) were normal, and the abdominal ultrasound revealed no abdominal collections. The external or the PTD catheter splint was removed once the cholangiogram revealed no bile leak or biliary stricture, maximally within three months