Results
bradycardia, ESPB, SD, hypotension, PONV
ADVERSE EFFECTS, COMPLICATIONS
In this trial, eligibility was determined for 92 cases. Sixty cases were divided into two groups of equal size. Three cases in the group (ESPB) and two cases in the group (ESPB + DEX) were dropped out due to failed block. Only 55 cases were analyzed (Fig. Consort flow diagram of the study populationInsignificant differences were found between the two groups regarding patient demographics and duration of surgery (Table Patient characteristics and duration of surgery of the studied groupsData presented as mean ± SD and frequency (%), The mean intraoperative fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in the group (ESPB + DEX) compared to the group (ESPB) (82.86 ± 13.57 versus 100.74 ± 35.07, respectively, Intraoperative fentanyl, isoflurane consumption, and postoperative total morphine consumption in both groupsData presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR), or frequency (%)NRS was significantly lower in the group (ESPB + DEX) compared to the group (ESPB) at 12 and 18 h (Comparison of the Numerical Rating Scale of the studied groupsData presented as median (IQR)Intraoperative HR and MAP were insignificantly different between both groups in all measurements. However, HR and MAP postoperatively were significantly lower in the group (ESPB + DEX) than in the group (ESPB) at 12 and 18 h (PONV, bradycardia, and hypotension were insignificantly different between both groups. Block-related complications did not occur in any patient (Table Adverse effects of the studied groupsData presented as frequency (%), 