Introduction
intrahepatic bile ducts, PBC, ductal damage, immune-mediated liver disease
PBC, PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS, EVENTS, LIVER FIBROSIS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, COMPLICATIONS
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an immune-mediated liver disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the intrahepatic bile ducts that causes progressive ductal damage and liver fibrosis [In the past few decades, standard serum liver biochemistry testing under UDCA treatment has been used to predict treatment responses, and liver-related complications. Several criteria for UDCA treatment have been developed to evaluate patient risk stratification, such as Rotterdam, Barcelona, Rochester-II, Paris-I, Paris-II, Toronto and Ehime criteria [Notably, approximately 50% of patients might need additional treatments to reach therapeutic goals [In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical parameters and ascertained liver-related events. To identify patients who can likely benefit from early initiation of second-line therapy, we selected biochemical indicators at different time-points and constructed a new risk stratification criterion to predict insufficient responses to UDCA treatment.