Randomized allocation
tooth implant, IAFH
A computer-generated simple randomization sequence with a 1:1 allocation ratio was used to randomize the 60 students into Group SA (Taking the impact of learning sequence into consideration, 60 students (Group S) were randomly and evenly assigned to two groups (Group SA and SB). In Group SA, 30 students performed the single tooth implant placement on a simulation model freehand first (Group SAFH) and then performed the same procedure fully guided by a CAD/CAM surgical template (Group SASG). In Group SB, another 30 students performed fully guided approach first (Group SBSG) and then preformed freehand approach (Group SBFH).Ten instructors were also allocated to two groups (Group IA and IB) following the same rules. In Group IA, five instructors performed the single tooth implant placement on a simulation model freehand first (Group IAFH) and then performed fully guided approach (Group IASG). In Group IB, another five instructors perfomed fully guided approach first (Group IBSG) and then freehand approach (Group IBFH).The sample size and group allocation were shown as Fig. Sample size and group allocation. 