MSC anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on OA
inflammation, OA
INFLAMMATION, DISEASE, KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, SECONDARY
MSC-mediated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on OA inflammation are also known to play a central role in OA, with both innate and adaptive mediators involved in the pathophysiology [Evidence of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functionality of MSCs has been extensively reviewed in various preclinical studies [The hypothesis that immunomodulation and inflammation play a central role in MSC-mediated OA repair and tissue remodeling is further supported by data from our laboratory showing that iron nanoparticle-labeled syngeneic murine MSC(M) injected into immunocompetent C57Bl/6 mice with surgically induced OA were retained within the synovium up to 4 weeks postsurgery; importantly, the presence of the iron-labeled MSC(M) was confirmed with dual Prussian Blue and SCA-1Cell tracking studies in equine [Clinical and preclinical evidence of mesenchymal stromal cell mechanisms of action on immunomodulation and chondroprotection in knee osteoarthritis. Solid arrows are used to demonstrate mechanisms for which there is supporting clinical evidence: dashed arrows indicate the relationship between immunomodulatory and chondroprotective mechanisms supported by preclinical evidence. MSC mesenchymal stromal cell, CQAs critical quality attributes, OA osteoarthritisNow, it should be noted that the role of inflammation in OA is not fully understood, and it is unclear whether inflammation represents a primary etiology of the disease or whether it arises secondary to other processes, such as joint damage and altered mechanical signaling within the cartilage [