Sample description/characteristics
’, ADHD
The eligible participants were then randomized into three groups by an outside member of the research team who did not participate in their follow-up. Participants randomized to the first group followed pharmacological treatment as usual (TAU-only Control Group). TAU consisted of clinical pharmacotherapy administered by a psychiatrist experienced in the treatment of adult ADHD. The second group, in addition to TAU, used the FOCUS ADHD App (App Group). Participants in the third group followed TAU and used the FOCUS ADHD App (like the App Group), but also received a discount on their medication purchase, conditioned on participating in at least 80% of the planned monthly medication intakes as established by the treatment plan registered in the App (App + Discount Group).Clinical follow-up assessments were conducted by the same psychiatrist who conducted the Baseline clinical evaluation after 4 weeks (second clinical evaluation) and 8 weeks (third clinical evaluation). The clinician performed treatment adjustments, refilled the prescriptions, and evaluated ADHD symptoms using the ASRS scale. A final follow-up was also performed at 12 weeks using electronic self-assessment questionnaires sent to participants.Treatment adherence was monitored through weekly contacts by research assistants with all participants. The instrument used to evaluate adherence to pharmacological treatment was the medication possession rate (MPR) – defined as the average percentage of time (days covered by the medication dosage) a patient has access to treatment according to their treatment plan between two prescriptions. A cutoff of 80% (or a mean MPR of <0.8) was used to indicate low treatment adherence [The knowledge assessment was performed based on an adapted questionnaire [Participants assigned to the two FOCUS ADHD App groups were given instructions concerning App download and registration by the study coordinator. They were also informed about the App functionalities such as the pill reminders, weekly symptoms assessment, the option to invite a support network, and the twice-a-week psychoeducation contents that would be published during the protocol duration. The App + Discount Group was also informed about the incentive eligibility criteria, namely, to register 80% of their medication intakes on the App according to the treatment plan registered on the tool by the user. Once a week, the App database was analyzed to check participants’ adherence to determine eligibility for the discount at the end of the first and second months. If a participant was eligible, instructions were provided explaining how to access a 25% discount from a partner Pharmacy Chain.Participant ratings of App quality were evaluated through the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) [