Dietary intake
Of the two methods to assess dietary intake – FFQ and 4-day food record – the FFQ data was used to study diet-related GHGEs. This was to ensure consistency across participants in terms of the foods for which a GHGE value was available, and provides insight into longer-term consumption patterns compared to the 4-day food record. The FFQ used to assess dietary intake contained 95 food and beverage items. Participants reported how often a portion of each item was consumed, which was used to determine average daily intake in grams. Variations in frequency could be reported (e.g., once per day, week, or month). To determine daily intake, all frequencies were converted to portions per day (e.g., 