2.3. Protocol
loss of consciousness, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain
MUSCLE RELAXATION
The anesthetic and surgical management of the patients were performed in the same manner, except that an AB was worn after surgery in the AB group. To prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, 5 mg of dexamethasone and 0.075 mg of palonosetron were injected intravenously before inducing anesthesia. Total intravenous anesthesia was used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia (target-controlled infusion, 4 mg/mL of 2% propofol, and 4 ng/mL of remifentanil). After loss of consciousness, 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium was administered intravenously to facilitate endotracheal intubation. After the anesthetist confirmed a train-of-four count of 0, endotracheal intubation was performed. The ventilation mode was volume-controlled with the tidal volume set at 8 mL/kg for the ideal body weight. During the maintenance of anesthesia, the end-respiratory COIn the AB group, an elastic AB was worn by another researcher (S.Y.H.) in the Trendelenburg position (elastic AB, Soosung Medical, Seoul, Korea). Sugammadex was used to reverse muscle relaxation before placing the patient in a supine position. The AB was worn for 24 hours.Sugammadex was also used to reverse muscle relaxation in the control group, and extubation was performed. The patient was placed in the supine position. The patients were transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. To control postoperative pain, a multimodal analgesia approach was employed. This included intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, with zaltoprofen administered 3 times a day. Additionally, acetaminophen or fentanyl was administered when the patient experienced pain rated at 4 or above on the numerical rating scale, or when requested by the patient.