Study population and Eligibility criteria
lumbar instability
DEL, SECONDARY, LUMBAR INSTABILITY
Patients were recruited at the Bellvitge University Hospital (a tertiary hospital), Viladecans Hospital (a secondary hospital), Delta del Llobregat and Santa Eulalia Primary Care Centers, and L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Mental Health Unit.Inclusion criteria were: (1) patients between 18 and 67 years of age (Exclusion criteria were: (1) history of previous lumbar arthrodesis; (2) diagnosis of lumbar instability or non-degenerative pathologies (The following anonymized data were gathered into an ad hoc-created electronic case report form (eCRF): baseline and demographic data, past medical history, neuromuscular examination results, and regular use of analgesics.