Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI)
anxiety
The concepts of state and trait anxiety were first presented by Cattell and then in further detail by Spielberger (1970). STAI has been used widely in clinical research. It includes separate self-assessment scales to measure state and trait anxiety. Scores 20–31 indicate mild anxiety, 32–42 moderate to low anxiety, 43–53 moderate anxiety, 54–64 moderately severe anxiety, and 65–75 severe anxiety. The Persian version of this tool had good validity and reliability in the research of Mehram (1373) and Panahi (1372) [