Study design
malocclusion
The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, a member of the World Health Organization international clinical trials registry (Registration Number: ChiCTR1900021821, Date: 11/03/2019). This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital (JYLJ201805). All investigators participated in calibration meetings for standardizing the clinical trial protocol. It was conducted following ethical principles by the Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice guidelines. The flowchart for the CONSORT guidelines is presented in Fig. 
CONSORT flow diagram of participants in the trialThe trial was designed as a single-center, randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled clinical trial. Patients with bilateral ADDwoR and skeletal Class II malocclusion were recruited from the Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, from January 2019 to January 2021.