2.1. Patients
immune deficiency
ADULT HD, COVID-19 INFECTION, IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
Seventy-three adult HD patients (age > 18) were recruited for this double-blind, non-randomized, placebo-controlled interventional study at the Dialysis Unit of Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt. All participants had been receiving HD treatment for more than six months. Exclusion criteria included patients with a recent COVID-19 infection within 1 month of trial initiation, a family or current history of immune deficiency problems, or those who refused to participate. At least three months before the study, a COVID-19 vaccination was administered to all the recruited patients. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: the intervention group (group A) (Patients’ demographic information, including age and gender, was gathered. In addition, clinical variables such as duration since starting HD, related comorbidities, and treatment data were documented.