3.4. Attenuated or no Change in LPS-Induced Immune Response with Dietary Interventions
In our study, we used the ex vivo whole-blood assay which is a promising method to assess the cytokine release and cell activation in response to dietary or exercise intervention. It has been demonstrated that old compared with young adults show an attenuated pro-inflammatory response to LPS exposure, possibly reflecting an impaired host defense against pathogens [