2.3. Biochemical and Anthropometric Measurements
BLOOD
All patients had fasting blood biochemical evaluation, handgrip-strength assessment, and anthropometric and body composition evaluations. All initial evaluations were repeated after 12 weeks of supplementation.Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were evaluated using a sphygmomanometer. The SBP and DBP were measured twice by a trained professional, with a 1 min interval between the two measurements, and the average value was used as the patient’s blood pressure.Blood sampling was performed after a 12 h fasting period. Serum urea, creatinine, glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured by using a biochemistry analyzer (ARCHITECT ci8200, Abbott ARCHITECTThe anthropometric evaluation included body weight and height, waist, and hip measurements, as well as body mass index (BMI) calculation. All measurements were made in duplicate and the average values were used. Body composition was evaluated using a bioimpedance system (Inbody 720Muscle strength was assessed by measuring handgrip strength with a JamarSarcopenia was evaluated by calculating the skeletal muscle index (SMI), considered as the ratio of total SMM in kg to the square of the height in meters [