Introduction
thrombosis, fever, loss of taste, inflammation, candidiasis, loss of taste sensation, loss of taste, including oral corticosteroids, infection, petechiae, dry cough, mucormycosis, Loss of taste sensation, dysgeusia, tissue damage, dysosmia, shortness of breath
THROMBOSIS, VIRUS, INFLAMMATION, CANDIDIASIS, DESQUAMATIVE GINGIVITIS, EVENTS, DISORDERS, DYSFUNCTION, INFECTION, PETECHIAE, MUCORMYCOSIS, SYNDROME, CORONAVIRUS, ORAL ULCERATION, SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME, DYSOSMIA, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) infection lead to a global pandemic with a significant impact on health, social aspects, and wealth. Since the breakout of the virus in china, 80% of infected patients have developed mild to moderate symptoms, while 5% have developed severe symptoms. The virus mortality rate ranged between 3 and 12% of infected patients [Various studies reported a wide range of symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, and, in some cases, shortness of breath, dysosmia, and dysgeusia. In addition to these symptoms, many authors reported different oral manifestations in patients with SARS- Cov2 infection. These manifestations could range from self-limiting disorders like unspecific oral ulceration, desquamative gingivitis, petechiae, and co-infection like candidiasis to more complicated manifestations like mucormycosis [Loss of taste sensation was one of the early or subclinical symptoms of SARS-CoV2. The prevalence ranged from 47 to 67% in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection, and 20% of all patients reported it as an isolated or as the first symptom [Those signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV2 infection lasted 7–10 days in mild to moderate cases; recovery can take up to six months in severe cases. Many studies report that a large percentage of patients who recovered from SARS-CoV 2 infection may have one or more symptoms that last for weeks or even months. These long-lasting symptoms were referred to as post-COVID syndrome or long COVID-19. The prevalence of long COVID ranged between 10 − 47% and could persist for 8–12 weeks [Loss of taste sensation is one of the symptoms that had a high prevalence among patients with long COVID. Moraschini et al. [Different medications have been used to treat post-COVID loss of taste, including oral corticosteroids, zinc sulfate, topical corticosteroids, theophylline, caroverine, vitamin A, sodium citrate, and minocycline. However, scientific evidence on the effectiveness of these drugs was limited, and no randomized controlled trials exist [The current study has revealed that the pathogenicity of SARS-Cov2 was initiated by the virus’s targeting of ACE-2 receptors, which allow viral entry into cells. ACE-2 receptors are found throughout the oral mucosa, particularly on the tongue and in the salivary glands. With viral-induced hyperinflammation, the downregulation of ACE-2 receptors may result in endothelial dysfunction, as well as dysfunction at viral entry points and in multiple organs. This chain of events may reveal a possible mechanism for loss of taste by demonstrating the unique mechanisms and interactions between thrombosis and inflammation [This study proposes the diode laser 940 as a possible treatment for the loss of taste sensation in patients with long COVID. The low-level laser using diode lasers of wavelengths 588–940 nm had bio-stimulatory impacts on target tissues. In addition, it regulates biochemical processes by improving the anti-oxidant system that can boost mitochondria breathing, reduce tissue damage and produce ATP [