Hydration status
There were significant effects of treatment on changes in plasma volume from baseline to pre-warm-up (Mean ± SD for changes in plasma volume (PV) from baseline. Bars represent mean values. Some SD error bars were removed for clarity. SB-ORAL = oral sodium bicarbonate, SB-LOTION = topical sodium bicarbonate, PLA = placebo; ^ SB-ORAL higher than SB-LOTION and PLA, * SB-ORAL higher than PLA (There was a significant treatment * time interaction for urine osmolality (