Background
cardio-renal complications, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardio-renal
OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, COMPLICATIONS
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of cardio-renal complications. Within the altered hormonal milieu among those with type 2 diabetes are changes in the insulin growth factor axis; recent studies have examined the role of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the risk for complications from type 2 diabetes [Abnormal concentrations of IGF-1 are linked with obesity [Further research is needed to determine the significance of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and the ratio between the two in assessing cardio-renal risk, as previous studies have yielded conflicting results regarding their association with adverse clinical outcomes [