Campaign video message
Autism Spectrum Disorder
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, DISEASE, INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC, CHRONIC DISEASE, REGRESSION, INFLUENZA
The video message was based on the results from our diagnostic survey (not shown), as distributed at the beginning of the study period starting on November 1st. Through this diagnostic survey, largely based on the ‘WHO SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy survey tool in Guatemala’The video message was voiced by a voice-over and a communicator (study physician) with either an Indian or Dutch background.In the first part of the video message, participants received information about the importance of getting the influenza vaccine. For instance, during the influenza season 2021–2022, impairment of the immune response was expected due to the Covid-19 containment measures in the almost past two years. Furthermore, participants received information about the increased risk of developing a myocardial infarction during an influenza epidemic. Thereafter, influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing a myocardial infarction was emphasized.Secondly, information on vaccine accessibility, increased risk due to underlying disease, vaccine willingness, and governmental trust was provided, specifically among ethnic minorities.Thirdly, the vaccination myth of developing Autism Spectrum Disorder after vaccination was discussed and refuted, and hesitancy about new vaccines was discussed and refuted.The video message ended with a short story about the origin of the vaccine, which was either about inoculation (a non-Western invention) or vaccine development by Dr. Edward Jenner (a Western invention). We hypothesized that a narrative about vaccination as a non-Western invention (inoculation) would result in better improvement of vaccine willingness in the participants with a migrant background, compared to the narrative of vaccination as a Western innovation (discovered by Dr. Edward Jenner).Participants from the Dutch newspaper received the video message with either a Dutch communicator or an Indian communicator (digitally randomized 1:1 by Qualtrics), both ending with the inoculation part. Participants recruited from FB or the local Indian radio station also received the video message with either the Dutch communicator or the Indian communicator (digitally randomized 1:1), in which, in addition, the story about inoculation or Edward Jenner was digitally randomized 1:1 as well. In this way, a total of four different video messages were digitally randomized (1:1:1:1 by Qualtrics) and were shown to participants from FB and the Indian radio station.Side note: In the extensive analysis in this study, the video messages with the inoculation part and the Edward Jenner part, were treated as the same video message. The reason for this decision was that no difference in improvement of vaccine willingness was observed between the two versions of the video messages (i.e. the video message ending with vaccination as a Western invention (Edward Jenner part) or the version ending with vaccination as a non-Western innovation (inoculation)) within participants from FB and the Indian radio station.In addition, we performed a regression analysis to predict improvement of vaccine willingness, controlling for age, gender, migration background, education level, presence of chronic disease, watching the inoculation part or the Edward Jenner part, communicator (Dutch or Indian) and media outlet (FB or Indian radio station), which showed that only media outlet was significantly associated with improvement of vaccine willingness. Therefore, in the extensive analysis from this study, the inoculation part and the Edward Jenner part were considered to be comparable in impact, and were treated as the same video message. In the Supplementary information section, the subanalysis of the video message with the inoculation part and Edward Jenner part is extensively described (Supplementary Table 