Introduction
tumor, Tumor, CRC, cancer, Neoantigens, MSS, deaths, Colorectal cancer
TUMOR, RECURRENCE, METASTASIS, TUMOR, CANCER, MALIGNANT TUMORS, IMMUNE TOLERANCE, COLORECTAL CANCER, SOMATIC MUTATIONS
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, accounting for approximately 1.2 million diagnoses and over 600,000 direct or indirect deaths each year [Tumor vaccines play an important role in amplifying the anti-tumor immune response in cancer patients. Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens that arise due to somatic mutations in the tumor genome. Neoantigens possess significant immunogenic potential as they are not expressed in normal tissues. Because of their strong affinity for major histocompatibility complex (MHC), neoantigen-based therapy can be recognized by the host's immune system as non-self, which would prevent them from inducing central and peripheral immune tolerance mechanisms [In this study, we conducted a clinical research of neoantigen vaccines for MSS–CRC patients with recurrence or metastasis after surgery and chemotherapy and explored the identification and effective screening of neoantigens. Our results preliminarily demonstrate the feasibility, safety and immunological activity of the neoantigen vaccine, which is expected to bring a major breakthrough in treating patients with MSS–CRC, prolonging the progression-free survival time, and improving the treatment and quality of life of these patients.