Measurement of secondary outcomes
JAMAR
DILATION, VASODILATION
Functionality was evaluated by the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and the gait speed test. The DASI ranges from zero to 58.2 points, with a higher score representing a better functional capacity [The hand grip dynamometer (JAMAR®, Sammons Preston, Inc., Bolingbook, IL, USA) was used to evaluate peripheral muscular strength [Non-invasive measurements of endothelial function were obtained by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation of the brachial artery using two-dimensional ultrasound equipment, in accordance with published guidelines [Lean body mass was evaluated based on the arm muscle circumference, which was obtained from arm circumference and tricipital skinfold measurements by using the tape measure and adipometer, respectively. The arm muscle circumference was calculated as arm muscle circumference (cm) = [arm circumference (cm) − (0.314 × tricipital skinfold (mm)] [Adherence to exercise programs was evaluated considering exercise program attendance and was defined as reaching at least 80% of the recommended or prescribed exercise sessions [