Results
breathlessness
sPhysiological responses to maximal running and cycling tests. Data are mean ± SD*denotes different to cycling value (Physiological responses to running and cycling HIIT sessions are shown in Table Physiological responses to running and cycling HIIT sessions*denotes different to cycling value (Time spent > 90%There were large differences in mean HR with running higher than cycling for absolute (ES [95% CI] = 1.53 [0.53–2.41], There were small differences in dRPE-O (69.8 ± 18.7 cf. 60.5 ± 14.7; ES [95% CI] = 0.55 [− 0.32–1.38], Differential rating of perceived exertion (dRPE) for overall exertion (dRPE-O; closed circle), leg-muscle exertion (dRPE-L; closed square) and breathlessness (dRPE-B; closed triangle) during running and cycling HIIT sessions. Values are mean (bars; overall = grey, leg = white, breathlessness = diagonal) and individual responses. *denotes difference between exercise modes (There was a trivial reduction in MVC (600.9 ± 105.6 to 597.0 ± 107.6 N; ∆% − 0.5 ± 5.8%) after running HIIT (ES [95% CI] = − 0.04 [− 0.80–0.8], MVC before and after running and cycling-based HIIT sessions. Values are mean (bars; running = grey, cycling = white) and lines are individual responses. *Indicates different to before value (