Assigned interventions
PPH
Participants were randomized to one of two study groups:TXA (Intervention group): TXA 1 g (10 mL syringe) diluted into 0.9% saline (50 mL).Placebo (Control group): 0.9% saline (10 mL syringe) diluted into 0.9% saline (50 mL).Immediately prior to use, one of the four physician investigators (AA, JC, JB, SC) prepared the infusion by injecting the 10 mL syringe of IP into the mini-bag and initiating the infusion. The intervention was infused though a free-flowing intravenous line over approximately 15 min. For participants having SVD, the infusion was initiated at the time of shoulder delivery. For participants having CD, the infusion was initiated during surgical site skin preparation.All other obstetric and anesthetic care was at the discretion of the clinical team on the labour and delivery unit including diagnosis of PPH and administration of uterotonics beyond standardized protocols for oxytocin after delivery.