Background
obesity, epilepsy, hypertension, days/month, hydrosaline, headache, migraine, heart failure, Migraine, disability
OBESITY, EPILEPSY, HYPERTENSION, NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER, MIGRAINE, HEART FAILURE, MIGRAINE
Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache associated with vegetative symptoms and represents the second leading cause of disability worldwide [Many factors may contribute to migraine chronicization [In particular, obesity is strongly linked to migraine, especially in women in the reproductive age [The acronym SEED (Sleep, Exercise, Eat, and Diary) underlines that lifestyle change is required to reduce migraine burden [Among non-pharmacological approaches, nutritional intervention represents one of the most promising migraine treatment [Ketogenic diets (KDs) are high-fat, adequate-protein, very low carbohydrate diets which have been primarily used to treat refractory epilepsy in children since the 1920s [The potential favorable effects of VLCKD on migraine include a reduction of brain cortical excitability through the activation of astrocyte metabolism which favors glutamate conversion to glutamine and its conversion to GABA [The Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS) has a major role in the regulation of blood pressure, hydrosaline metabolism, autonomic pathways and neuroendocrine systems, and its excessive activation is observed in obesity, hypertension and heart failure [This randomized placebo-controlled study is aimed to compare the efficacy of VLCKD vs HBD in migraine prevention in patients with overweight/obesity affected by high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM: 8–14 days/month).