3.1. Participants
The study participants were adolescents aged 12 to 17 years living in four peri-urban communities, which were randomly selected from a sampling frame of peri-urban communities in the Abuja Municipal Council Area. The sample size for the study was estimated using G-power. The prevalence of substance uses among adolescents who had received a substance use intervention vs. those who had not, as reported by Idowu et al., was used as a reference to calculate the sample size [