Adverse events
nausea, gastrointestinal problems
From a safety perspective, the co-ingestion of caffeine and CitMal could lead to gastrointestinal problems. Indeed, several participants reported nausea, but only following the combined ingestion of caffeine and CitMal. Interestingly, the incidence of side-effects was more common in women. The reason for that may be because the relative dose of CitMal was larger for women than men (0.14 g/kg for males and 0.18 g/kg for females). In addition, ingestion of caffeine alone has also been previously reported to cause gastrointestinal problems [