2.2.2. Inclusion criteria.
low back pain, pain
Individuals aged 18 years or older but under 60 years of age.Individuals with symptoms of low back pain lasting for at least 12 weeks.Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of <35 kg/mIndividuals with a numeric rating scale (NRS) pain intensity score ≥4.Individuals who can understand the purpose and procedures of the study, and voluntarily decide to participate and provide written consent after receiving an explanation.