Conclusion
anxiety
Both AVD and AD therapy effectively reduce anxiety in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery under local and/or regional anaesthesia. Based on our results, AD with content selection was more effective than AVD without content selection. It seems that HappyMed® video glasses and music therapy are both valid solutions for lowering anxiety in orthopaedic day-care patients; this may open up the discussion about modalities, giving more patients the opportunity to have local and/or regional anaesthesia instead of general anaesthesia for selected surgical procedures. Future studies should include a larger study population, investigate the impact of several types of content, improve sex randomisation for both groups, compare video glasses and VR glasses (including the effect of freedom of choice for content), and use an anxiety threshold as an inclusion criterion.