1. Introduction
bleeding, HIT
BLEEDING
Central venous catheters (CVCs) in adults are inserted in the subclavian, jugular, or femoral vein, with the catheter tip positioned within the superior or inferior vena cava [According to the Infusion Nurses Society, 0–10 U/mL heparin saline is recommended as CVC locking fluid for ICU patients [To reduce the risks of bleeding and HIT, normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is suggested to replace heparin as the locking fluid of CVCs [Sodium citrate tube locking liquid has local anticoagulant property and hence it has no effect on coagulation function [Currently, numerous studies have been conducted to compare the effects of sodium citrate locking solution and heparin locking solution on central venous catheter (CVC) locking in hemodialysis patients. These studies consistently indicate that sodium citrate, as a catheter locking fluid, exhibits superior effectiveness and safety compared to heparin [Therefore, we conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in which ICU patients were enrolled to compare the efficacy of 10 U/mL heparin saline and 4% sodium citrate in CVCs (excluding dialysis catheters) catheter locking from two aspects of therapeutic efficacy and safety.