Materials and methods
Pain
In December 2021, 28 anaesthesiologists and 28 anaesthesia nurses were recruited from the University Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the Inselspital in Bern, Switzerland. Participation was voluntary and free of charge. Written consent to use the data was obtained from all participants and they were assured that performance in the study scenario had no influence on the course result or any professional consequences. Subjects were blinded to the endpoints: they were only told that the study wanted to investigate whether endotracheal intubation could be performed "quickly and safely" with ongoing resuscitation. The participants’ clinical experience in anaesthesiology ranged from less than one to 34 years. All participants had extensive training in both DL and VL. Before the start of the study, the cantonal ethics committee of Bern confirmed that no authorization was required (Req-2021-01338, 11/22/2021). This study was designed as a pragmatic pilot study, and participants were recruited as part of an in-hospital training course. Thus, the size of the group, the profession of the subjects, and also their clinical experience were predetermined. A power analysis was deliberately omitted due to this setting. Nonetheless, effect sizes were statistically examined during the analysis.