Statistical analysis
enteric infection
REGRESSION
Pathogens with an overall prevalence of at least 5% were included in the analyses of pathogen carriage. At a prevalence of 5% in the placebo arm, we had 80% power to detect a prevalence in the antimicrobial arm of 1.8%, a 3.2% difference; at a prevalence of 20%, we had 80% power to detect a prevalence of 13.6% in the antimicrobial arm, a 6.4% difference. To assess whether missing pathogen data were associated with treatment arm, we fit a logistic regression model with treatment arm as the predictor, adjusted for collection time. To estimate risk differences, we used g-computation via the R package riskCommunicator with Poisson regression, with clustering by individual to account for repeated measures, to estimate the effect of treatment arm on the absolute difference in pathogen detection at each time point [To assess whether the benefit of treatment was restricted to children who had an enteric infection, we evaluated whether the effect of treatment arm on short-term changes in growth (LAZ and WAZ) differed depending on baseline detection of each pathogen in the 6- or 12-month (pretreatment) stool samples. For this analysis, we restricted to children who had complete follow-up including growth outcomes at 18 months of age. We fit a generalized linear model with a Gaussian distribution to estimate the difference in length at 9 and 15 months (three months after antibiotic treatment) between treatment arms in subgroups defined by baseline detection of each pathogen. Adjustment covariates included pretreatment length and calendar month of birth based on previously observed differences in growth by birth month [We then estimated the association between antimicrobial treatment arm and detection of the macrolide resistance conferring genes 