Study design
neurological deficit, cauda equina
MAY, JOINT DISEASES, CERVICAL MYELOPATHY
The study was a triple blinded, randomized controlled trial in level I referral center. The study was conducted between April 2019 to May 2021. After the assessment of eligibility was accomplished. The inclusion criteria were patients aged 20–55 years, having failed conservative treatment of unilateral HNP undergone for at least 6 weeks, with visual analogue scale (VAS) of greater than 30, and confirmed a single-level HNP, corelated to clinical, by MRI. The exclusion criteria included previous spine surgery or epidural injection, progressive neurological deficit, cauda equina, coagulopathy-related conditions, associated cervical myelopathy, systemic bone and joint diseases. All patients had full conservative management including rest, activity modification, oral medication, and physical therapy by rehabilitation team. Patients with no improvement in VAS and greater than 30 were defined as failed conservative management. All patients had to have been exempted from NSAIDs for at least one week. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital (QSVMH, 015/2563), and receipt of the ClinicalTrials.gov ID was NCT05234840. All participants provided informed consent.Based on the non-inferiority formula, 