Sampling
The administrations of universities with large enrollments were contacted by e-mail or by phone and invited to share the online survey link with their students via their university e-mail addresses. The approval letter from the Human Research Evaluation Board was shared with the participants.Four universities agreed to participate and share the link to the survey, the informed consent form, and the approval letter of the Ethics Committee with their students. Two reminder e-mails were sent approximately one week and two weeks later. Participation was voluntary and no incentives were provided. The participants completed the questionnaire at their own pace and were permitted to leave the survey at any time without any penalty.There were 80,568 students in the four universities; however, we did not have access to response rate metrics because we did not know how many students actually received the invitation. A total of 1342 students answered the “ever-smoked cigarettes” question at the beginning of the survey, 853 of whom declared that they were ever-smokers and were directed to the ever-smoker survey. Our analyses used the sample of 623 respondents who answered all questions that were of interest to this study.