Biomarkers
AKI
We believe that biomarkers may serve as reliable predictors of AKI development and risk stratification. After determining that a patient was eligible, 5 ml of blood was extracted from a vein and spun at 4000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was frozen in a refrigerator at − 80 °C, and the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentration was determined using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.