Interventions
The study treatments were intravenous TXA administration (TXA group) or no administration of TXA (control group). In the TXA group, patients received 1000 mg of TXA diluted by 100 ml of saline intravenously (Transamin; Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) before skin incision and 6 h after the first dose. The patients allocated in the control group did not receive TXA. Other perioperative interventions, such as surgical technique, rehabilitation regimen, and perioperative medications were the same for all patients.