Participants
infection, malignancy, HIV or hepatitis B or C infection, heart failure
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION, HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY, INFECTION, END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE, HEART FAILURE, CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
Adults ≥ 18 years old with end-stage renal disease, undergoing chronic hemodialysis > 90 days were enrolled in this study. Other eligibility criteria were those with a ferritin level of 200–700 ng/dl, TSAT of 20–40%, Hb > 9 g/dl, and received ESA regularly. Exclusion criteria were life expectancy < 6 months, those planning to receive a kidney transplant or switch to peritoneal dialysis in the next 6 months, active infection, active malignancy, known HIV or hepatitis B or C infection, chronic liver disease, advanced heart failure (NYHA IV), pregnancy or breastfeeding, hematologic malignancy, and previous hypersensitivity reaction to IV iron sucrose.