Conclusions
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Our results did not reveal that NF has a statistically significant impact on the QoL of first-time mothers at three months postpartum. Our results suggest that NF does not harm the QoL of first-time mothers, and the intervention may be continued if found effective on other outcomes. Further research, including qualitative interviews, is needed to provide insights into the impact of NF. The association between the QoL level during pregnancy and postpartum suggests that postnatal interventions targeting improved QoL could potentially improve postpartum levels. Social support as emotional and appraisal support seems beneficial for first-time mothers’ QoL, indicating that PHNs may contribute by assessing and providing support and facilitating informal support to first-time mothers.