Post-hoc analyses
We carried out a post-hoc analysis to further explore the potential effect of the health warning label messages on the participants’ responses. Specifically, we analyzed the potential effect of the health warning labels in red and yellow on the participants’ responses by grouping them, given the limited sample by type of legend in the intervention groups. We grouped the health warning labels into three categories: “Prohibitions on sale and consumption”, “Health risks”, and “Mental health problems”. “Prohibitions on sale and consumption” included the health labeling messages 