Eligibility criteria
All patients included in the study were selected from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology—at Cairo University. Patients included in the study had to have a missing maxillary premolar surrounded by sound neighboring teeth, a thin gingival phenotype ≤ 1.5 mm, and adequate ridge dimensions to receive a regular implant. Medically compromised patients, smokers, and pregnant females were excluded from the study.A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken to determine eligibility for the study to evaluate the Bucco-palatal bone dimensions, including width, height, and density. These measurements were used to determine the appropriate implant length and diameter.