Introduction
spasticity, Upper limb dysfunction, stroke, upper limb dysfunction, hemiplegic
STROKE, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, CORTEX
Upper limb dysfunction is a common problem after stroke, mainly manifested by muscle weakness, spasticity, poor coordination and loss of use on the hemiplegic side. Surveys show that 85% of patients have upper limb dysfunction from the onset and only 1/3 of hemiplegic patients recover partial function of the upper limb [Due to its high intensity, repetitive, and task-oriented nature, upper limb robot-assisted therapy (RT) can provide repetitive stimulation training and specific task training of certain intensities for stroke patients, thus promoting the recovery of upper limb function by increasing multiple sensory inputs [Several studies show that RT significantly increases Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores and sensory function compared with regular rehabilitation after treatment [Bilateral upper limb robot-assisted therapy (BRT) supports training in any combination of axes and planes, providing multiple movement patterns (i.e., active, passive, and assisted activities) with interactive training. Studies have confirmed that 10% of the nerve fibers in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord do not cross and control ipsilateral movements, therefore activities of the non-affected upper limb can affect movements of the affected upper limb [Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) has the advantages of simple, non-invasive, and dynamic monitoring. It is sensitive to abnormalities in brain metabolism and neurological function, making it one of the most important means of detecting brain function [To better understand brain reorganization of sensory-motor areas induced by BRT after stroke, we used BRT to study the effects of upper limb functional recovery and brain reorganization in stroke patients. We hypothesized that BRT improves sensory and motor control after stroke compared to routine occupational therapy. In addition, we applied quantitative EEG to analyze changes in intra- and inter-regional responses after BRT.