Patients
Patients aged 60 years and older with displaced 3- and 4-part low-energy PHF sustained within 2 weeks prior to allocation were eligible for inclusion. We used the Neer classification (displacement more than 1 centimeter and/or 45 degrees, with bony contact between all fragments) [Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to undergo nonoperative treatment or operative treatment with LP or HA (