INTRODUCTION
PD, Parkinson's disease
PARKINSON'S DISEASE, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, conveys a mounting socioeconomic burden.Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), performed by a surgically implantable device, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an adjunct neuromodulation therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsyThe clinical efficacy of nVNS wins growing recognition in neurological disorders, while its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Given that taVNS could induce widespread, diffuse cortical effects through nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and locus coeruleus (LC),