Clinical and biochemical parameters
postoperative pain, Postoperative pain, POCD, postoperative nausea and vomiting, PONV
INSULIN RESISTANCE, INSULIN RESISTANCE
The primary outcome measures of our study was the incidence of POCD at 1 week after surgery. The Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA‐BJ) was analysed for assessing the cognitive function ranged from 0 to 30 scores.Secondary outcome measures included a reduction of intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) >20% from baseline, intraoperative and postoperative sufentanil consumption, length of stay in the ICU, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), time to first faeces, postoperative pain at 24 h after surgery, time to extubation and the length of hospital stay. Interleukin (IL)‐6, TNF‐α, S‐100β, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance were measured at before induction of anaesthesia, 1, 3, 7 days after surgery. The blood sample was immediately centrifuged to separate the serum. Then it was frozen at −70°C for subsequent analysis. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homoeostasis model assessment, that is, HOMA‐IR = blood glucose (mmol/L) × blood insulin (munits/mL)/22.5. Postoperative pain was measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score (range from 0 to 10). The MoCA‐BJ scores were evaluated at 1 day before operation as well as 1 week after operation.