Discussion
tumor, high-grade
RECURRENCE, TUMOR, PATHOLOGY
This cohort study had several key findings. First, the 2 treatment groups had similar clinicopathological characteristics, including sex, smoking status, pretreatment tumor pathology, and presence of CIS. Next, a multivariable analysis revealed that patients treated with gemcitabine and docetaxel had a lower risk of recurrence and high-grade recurrence compared with patients treated with BCG. In terms of toxic effects, gemcitabine and docetaxel was well tolerated, and patients receiving gemcitabine and docetaxel were less likely to discontinue treatment induction due to treatment-related AEs compared with patients receiving BCG.The results in the BCG group are consistent with benchmark BCG outcomes reported in the literature. Historically, in 2 large North American studies,Interestingly, there were notably distinct response patterns between agents, as shown in the Treatment tolerability was historically a concern with BCG treatment, although with proper protocols and monitoring, the likelihood of experiencing major AEs from BCG induction therapy remains low.There are a variety of novel agents and regimens under ongoing evaluation as alternative first-line treatments for high-risk NMIBC. The majority of these regimens involve the use of alternative BCG strains (S1602) or combine BCG with additional immunotherapies, such as durvalumab,The results of the current study provide a compelling rationale to support further research efforts into gemcitabine and docetaxel. First, multi-institutional and prospective validation is needed. Single-arm protocols prospectively evaluating gemcitabine and docetaxel are ongoing.