
Outcomes

depressive mood
This phase II trial was conducted to select the primary outcomes for the phase III trial. Potential effectiveness was exploratorily assessed using surrogate markers that allowed clinical interpretation of changes: mobility was assessed using the modified short physical performance battery (SPPB)Other outcomes, including frailty phenotype score, motor and cognitive function, body composition, exercise self‐efficacy, depressive mood, social network, functional capacity, habitual energy intake, physical activity, sleep condition and blood parameters were also assessed to explore potential effectiveness from multiple perspectives (see Supporting Information 