Participants and setting
cognitive impairment, abdominal adiposity, dementia, hearing and visual acuity difficulties
METABOLIC SYNDROME
Potential participants were recruited from four conveniently chosen communities in northern Taiwan. With an estimated median distance of 8.35 km (range 7.2–9.7 km), contamination, spill-over of intervention effects to the control, was considered minimal as communications or acquaintance between the intervention and control arm were unlikely. Having abdominal adiposity (waist circumference ≥ 80 cm in Chinese females or body mass index (BMI)> 30 kg/mInclusion criteria were (1) adult women with age ≥ 50 years, (2) low education, defined as having less than 6 years of education or being primary school graduates, (3) presence of metabolic syndrome, (4) community-dwelling, and (5) no hearing and visual acuity difficulties. Unconscious or individuals with cognitive impairment or dementia were excluded.Using the statistical power analysis of G*Power 3.1.7 software