Statistical analysis
The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26.0) was used for statistical analyses. Continuous variables were described using means and standard deviations. Categorical variables were described using frequencies and percentages. The PANSS total score reduction rate, PANSS total score change from baseline, age, and duration among treatment groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc multiple comparison test. The chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to test for differences in the distribution of categorical variables. Further comparisons between groups were performed using the Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test. Missing values were handled using the last-observation carried-forward method. All statistical tests were two-tailed. Statistical significance was set at 