Participants
Among 319 military personnel and veterans screened, 234 were randomized (mean [SD] age, 39.2 [7.8] years; 182 [78%] men), with 117 participants randomized to IOP-PE and 117 participants randomized to mass-PE. The sample was culturally diverse, including 61 African American participants (26%), 58 Hispanic participants (25%), 102 White participants (44%), and 7 participants (3%) identifying as another race or ethnicity. A total of 151 participants (65%) were married (