Participant selection
liver cirrhosis
DISEASES, DISEASE, HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, LIVER CIRRHOSIS, HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
In this paper, we used the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 code “5722” to identify the disease “Hepatic encephalopathy”. Indeed, all the patients had underlying liver cirrhosis that led to hepatic encephalopathy. We also tried to use ICD-9 code to identify the causes of HE. Initially, a total of 1940 HE patients were extracted from databases in this retrospective study. The exclusion criteria were (1) multiple ICU admissions, (2) age < 18 years (3) ICU stay < 24 h. Since all protected health information was de-identified, the requirement for individual patient consent was waived.