Cold pressor test
The CPT is a reactivity test that evokes significant increases in BP and HR as a consequence of pain-induced sympathoexcitation [HR and BP were measured in 1-min intervals during the test, and SBP, DBP and HR reactivity to the CPT were calculated as the absolute changes (delta changes – Δ) from mean baseline to their highest values achieved during the hand immersion phase (usually within the 2nd of 3rd minute of hand immersion).