INTRODUCTION
death, tumor, Cancers of the esophagus, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, lung cancer, deaths, gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer
LUNG CANCER, TUMOR, SOLID TUMORS, BREAST CANCER
Cancers of the esophagus affect a substantial number of individuals worldwide, with an estimated 572,000 new cases and more than 500,000 deaths annually in 2018.Combining cytotoxic chemotherapy with immuno‐oncology therapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), can provide synergistic antitumor effects. By inducing tumor cell death, chemotherapy may promote the availability of tumor antigens, which are required to prime the activation of antitumor T cells, and have been associated with the efficacy of ICIs.The benefit of combination treatment with ICIs, or ICIs plus chemotherapy, in patients with untreated, unresectable advanced or metastatic ESCC has been demonstrated in several Phase III clinical trials, including KEYNOTE‐590 (pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy), CheckMate 648 (nivolumab plus chemotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab), and RATIONALE‐306 (tislelizumab plus chemotherapy).The ICI durvalumab is a selective, high‐affinity IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets PD‐L1, preventing its interaction with PD‐1.In this multicohort Phase Ib study (NCT02658214), the safety, tolerability, and exploratory antitumor activity of durvalumab with tremelimumab and chemotherapy were evaluated for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. This study included patients with advanced solid tumors, including patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, small‐cell lung cancer, triple‐negative breast cancer, gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer, and ESCC. Results from the cohort of patients with ESCC are reported here.