Outcome measures
fatigue
To investigate the effects of OLPs on cognitive performance, we aimed to assess a wide range of complex cognitive abilities while balancing feasibility, time constraints, and participant fatigue. We thus included five standardized, well-established tasks measuring the following aspects of cognitive performance, which have shown robust effects in previous work: mental processing conflicts (Stroop task), divided attention (Dual task), working memory (2-back task), learning of gains and losses (Instrumental learning task), and attention and concentration (d2 task).Both groups received the same standardized instructions for each measure. All tasks and questionnaires were completed in German either on a computer or in a paper–pencil format, as indicated below. For all tasks, we excluded trials with reaction times below 200 ms