Standard care
Participants in four groups received comprehensive rehabilitation and nutrition management, overseen by physicians and charge nurses. Early rehabilitation included activities such as passive joint mobilisation, passive sitting, bedside sitting, bicycle-assisted training, active bedside exercises, dynamic standing, assisted walking, or advanced muscular training, and so on. Dietary goals aimed for a total energy intake of 20–25 kcal/kg per day during the acute phase and 25–30 kcal/kg per day during the stable phase, with a target protein intake of 1.2–2 g/kg per day [