2.1. Participants
neurological or musculoskeletal disorders, pain
DISEASE
Healthy young adults were recruited through bulletin boards, subway advertisements, and social network services. The inclusion criteria for the study were as follows: (1) having not received balance training; and (2) a score of 28 or higher on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) having not undergone lower extremity or lower back surgery within the past year; (2) pain or disease in the lower limbs or lower back; (3) a difference of more than 1 cm in leg length; (4) limited balance ability or vestibular function; (5) ankle joint being out of normal alignment; and (6) neurological or musculoskeletal disorders. A total of 62 people volunteered for the study; of them, 44 participated in the study. Participants signed the research consent form after being informed about the study procedures, benefits, and risks of side effects. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Gachon University (number: 1044396-202108-HR-177-01).The sample size was calculated using G-power software (version 3.1.9.4; Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany) [