CP induces metabolites alteration in T2DM patients
CP-induced T2DM, T2DM
GCA
To reveal metabolites alteration, related to the gut microbiota, which is potentially involved in CP-induced T2DM improvement, we performed metabolic profiling of feces from the participants. From Day 0 to Day 84, a significant increase was observed in total SCFAs, propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA), while the levels of acetic acid (AA), isobutyric acid (IBA), valeric acid (VA), isovaleric acid (IVA) and hexanoic acid (HA) had no significant change in the CP group. In the G group, the level of total SCFAs, AA, PA, BA, IBA, VA, IVA and HA were not affected over the 84-day period (The levels of SCFAs in T2DM patients. To explore the potential effect of CP on BA metabolism, a total of 20 species of BAs were detected. Compared to Day 0, the levels of unconjugated BAs (chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), 12-ketolithocholic acid (12-KLCA) and β-muricholic acid (β-MCA)) were significantly increased and the levels of conjugated BAs (taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA),glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) were significantly reduced, while no significant differences were found in other BAs in the CP group on Day 84. From Day 0 to Day 84, the levels of BAs showed no significant changes in the G group (The levels of BAs in T2DM patients. Correlation analyses were performed to determine the potential relationships between metabolites and gut microbiota. Coincidently, we observed that Faecalibacterium enriched in the CP group on Day 84 was positively related to SCFAs (total SCFAs, BA and PA) and unconjugated BAs (CDCA, 12-KLCA, β-MCA and LCA), but negatively correlated with conjugated BAs (GCA). Akkermansia, which was also enriched in the CP group on Day 84, showed a positive relationship with SCFAs (total SCFAs, BA, HA, IBA and PA), and unconjugated BAs (CDCA, 12-KLCA and β-MCA), but had a negative correlation with conjugated BAs (GUCDA, GCA, TDCA and TCDCA). Prevotella_9, which was depleted in the CP group on Day 84, was negatively correlated with SCFAs (total SCFAs, IBA and PA) and unconjugated BAs (CDCA and β-MCA), but positively associated with conjugated BAs (GCA, GLCA and TLCA). Megamonas was negatively correlated with conjugated BAs (GCA and GLCA), but positively associated with SCFAs (HA) and unconjugated BAs (β-MCA and CA) (