Diagnosis
cancer, fistula
CANCER, RECURRENCE, RECTAL CANCER
After full history taking and complete physical examination, low output colonic fistula or leak after anterior resection for rectal cancer was clinically suspected and then confirmed by laboratory investigations (complete blood picture, liver and kidney functions, coagulation profile), radiological imaging (abdominal US to exclude any abdominal collection, CT abdomen with oral and I. V contrast, MRI in some situations, and virtual colonoscopy to exclude any distal obstruction, distal narrowing or recurrence of the cancer).