2.1. Participants
stroke, mental disorder, cardiac disease, diabetes
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE, JOINT DISORDER, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, GYNECOLOGICAL DISEASE, STROKE, CARDIAC DISEASE, HYPERTENSION, DIABETES
We recruited middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling adults from Japan. Ninety-eight participants were recruited through advertisements published in the local press and posters at community health and recreation centers. Thirty-two individuals who were performing habitual exercise; were taking anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertensive, or anti-hyperglycemic medication; or had a history of stroke, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac disease, chronic renal failure, gynecological disease, joint disorder, or mental disorder were excluded from this study. Sixty-six healthy middle-aged and older sedentary participants volunteered to participate in this study. All the participants voluntarily provided written informed consent before participating in the study. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ritsumeikan University and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; UMIN000045605).