Statistical analysis
depressive symptoms
A linear mixed-effects model with random participant effects and fixed time effects was fit for QIDS-SR total score. The model contained terms for baseline covariates (age, ethnicity, race, and BMI), assessment time (3 months and 6 months), and four categorical variables indicating each exercise intervention’s inclusion or exclusion status. Two-way interaction terms across all interventions and time were included. Sub-sample analyses were conducted in participants with significant depressive symptoms at baselines, defined as a QIDS-SR score of ≥ 5 [