Intervention Group
Patients in the intervention group received mindfulness meditation guidance delivered through a Chinese-language interface and voice app (Focus Zen, version 2.1.1) along with a BCI-based headband. A mobile phone and a Samsung tablet device with the preinstalled app were prepared in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Before ablation, study staff briefly introduced the method and meaning of mindfulness meditation to help patients understand the intervention content. Mindfulness meditation represents a practice of awareness in which the person gradually and purposefully focuses on the present without judgement to achieve a state of deep relaxation [Screenshots of the study app. (A) Device connection, (B) background sound setting, and (C) mindfulness meditation course).