Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study protocol of this randomized control trial had been approved by the research ethic board of our institution (Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada, (CER21211) and registered (Clinicaltrial.gov NCT02590406) in October of 2015, before the enrolment of the first patient. This research protocol had been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Patients were recruited at the anesthesia preoperative clinic. All patients provided informed written consent.