Maternal sources of the infant microbiota.
VAGINA
Source tracking analyses revealed a significantly higher proportion of maternal vaginal microbiota in the skin of 1-day old neonates, relative to control infants (adjusted Proportion of maternal bacterial sources in infant and maternal body sites. (A) Contribution of maternal bacterial sources from different body sites to the microbiota of the infant skin (i), infant transitional stool (ii), and infant day 30 stool (iii). (B) Contribution of maternal vaginal bacteria (from vaginal swab) to the microbiota of the infant skin (i), infant transitional stool (ii), and infant day 30 stool (iii). (C) Bacterial sharing between vagina and other maternal body sites. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to compare source differences between groups, with statistical significance indicated as follows: *, With respect to composition of maternal microbiota sources, the perinatal vaginal microbiota substantially overlapped with the microbiota in other maternal body sites (Shared ASVs between vaginal swabs and maternal stool. Download 