Subgroup analysis
depression, anxiety
For each outcome, subgroup analysis was performed based on whether participants were primipara or multipara.Change in the level of anxiety (GAD-7 score).The results of GAD-7 scores are shown in In multiparas, the amount of change between pre- and post-program (T2–T1) was mean−1.67 (SD = 3.29) in the intervention group and mean−3.13 (SD = 4.79) in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups (p = .307). However, the change was greater in the control group than in the intervention group. The amount of change (T3–T1) from pre-intervention to 1 month postpartum was mean−1.83 (SD = 3.49) in the intervention group and mean−2.27 (SD = 4.28) in the control group. The amount of change was greater in the control group than in the intervention group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = .751). The amount of change from pre-program to 1 month after delivery was mean−0.17 (SD = 2.23) in the intervention group and mean0.87 (SD = 3.46) in the control group. This indicated that the control group had more anxiety than the intervention group, but the difference was not significant (p = .308). The amount of change in menstruating women was greater in the control group, but the effect size could not be calculated.Changes in the level of depression and anxiety (K6 score).The results of K6 scores are shown in In multiparas, the change between pre- and post-program (T2–T1) was mean−3.06 (SD = 4.80) in the intervention group and mean−3.80 (SD = 3.23) in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = .617). The change from pre-intervention to 1 month postpartum (T3–T1) was mean−4.35 (SD = 4.90) in the intervention group and mean−2.07 (SD = 4.42) in the control group, with the intervention group showing a greater change than the control group (d = .509). The amount of change from post-intervention to 1 month postpartum was mean−1.12 (SD = 2.94) in the intervention group and mean1.73 (SD = 4.42) in the control group. The control group had more anxiety than the intervention group, but the change in the intervention group was significant (p = .029).Changes in the level of self-efficacy for CBT response (Self-efficacy assessment tool scores for CBT response)The results of the self-efficacy assessment tool scores for CBT response are shown in 