2.3 Total nucleic acid DNA extraction, plate-based qPCR, and TaqMan array card
CARD
Total nucleic acid was extracted from fecal samples using the QIAamp Fast DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) with a procedure modified from that of the manufacturer as previously described [Plate-based qPCR was performed as previously described [Detection of stool pathogens at patient baseline was performed using custom-designed TaqMan Array Card (TAC) as previously described [All resulting qPCR data from both plate- and TAC-based PCR were analyzed using QuantStudio 6 and 7 Flex Real-Time PCR System Software, ver. 1.3 (Thermo Fisher), An analytical cutoff of 35 cycles was applied to the data (