Results
delirium, SD, nasal obstruction
RECRUITMENT, HBP, DIABETES MELLITUS, REGRESSION, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
After screening of 232 patients, 200 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and finally randomized. Among them, 18 patients were withdrawn (Fig. 
Recruitment, randomization, and patient flow diagram of the trial. P-group, group with preconditioning of nasal splint and mouth breathing training; C-group, control groupThe median age of 182 patients was 51.5 years and 59.8% were male (Table 
Baseline characteristics of patients between preconditioning group and control groupNote: Continuous data were presented as mean ± SD or median (the 25th percentile, the 75th percentile). Categorical variables were displayed in number (percentage). BMI: body mass index; MAP: mean arterial pressure; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; HBP: high blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; HR: heart rate; SpOThe incidence of ED in the preconditioning group was 16.30% (n = 15) and significantly lower than control group (n = 32, 35.56%, P = 0.004) (Table 
Comparisons of outcomes between preconditioning group and control groupNote: Data were presented as median (IQR) or number (percentage). ED: emergence delirium; PACU: post-anesthesia care unit; NRS: numerical rating scale; HR: heart rate; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SpOA post-hoc sensitivity analysis identifying risk factors for ED was performed by using the univariate and multivariate models. After univariate models, we found totally 10 factors, including age, gender, BMI, smoking status, nasal obstruction with septum deviation, nasal splint, FESS with septoplasty, time to left PACU, medication use in PACU, and postoperative hospital stays, were significantly related with ED incidence (P < 0.05) (Table 
Univariate analysis of potential associated factors of emergence deliriumNote: Continuous data were presented as mean ± SD or median (the 25th percentile, the 75th percentile). Categorical variables were displayed in number (percentage). ED: emergence delirium; BMI: body mass index; MAP: mean arterial pressure; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; HBP: high blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; HR: heart rate; SpO
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of independent associated variables of emergence deliriumNote: OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; BMI, body mass index