1. Introduction
metabolic syndrome, MetS, AHC, cardiovascular disease
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, SECONDARY, REGRESSION, METABOLIC SYNDROME, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, METABOLIC SYNDROME
(1) Background: This study examined the cross-sectional association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) status classified into three groups and daily physical activity (PA; step count and active minutes) using a wearable device in Japanese office workers. (2) Methods: This secondary analysis used data from 179 participants in the intervention group of a randomized controlled trial for 3 months. Individuals who had received an annual health check-up and had MetS or were at a high risk of MetS based on Japanese guidelines were asked to use a wearable device and answer questionnaires regarding their daily life for the entire study period. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models adjusted for covariates associated with MetS and PA were used to estimate associations. A sensitivity analysis investigated the associations between MetS status and PA level according to the day of the week. (3) Results: Compared to those with no MetS, those with MetS were not significantly associated with PA, while those with pre-MetS were inversely associated with PA [step count Model 3: OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.99; active minutes Model 3: OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.96]. In the sensitivity analysis, day of the week was an effect modifier for both PA (Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global epidemic and growing public health concern. Although the definition of and criteria for MetS vary among health organizations in different countries, it is a major risk factor contributing to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus [Recent studies have suggested that PA may play an important role in improving health and preventing MetS. In fact, greater levels and duration of PA are linked to a significant reduction in MetS prevalence [Consumer wearable devices have risen in popularity over the past several years, as they allow individuals to monitor various health parameters, such as PA [Given this background, the aim of this study was to examine the association between MetS and objectively measured PA levels. We studied this by: (1) measuring PA levels using a wearable device and comparing them with PA reference values in Japan, and determining MetS status based on data derived from annual health checkup (AHC) data and MetS criteria in Japan [