Primary outcomes
Conducting 2x2 mixed design ANOVA analyses, we found that compared with the waiting-list group, VBC clients experienced significant improvement in resilience (effect size .49) and perspective taking (effect size .39) between the pre-test and post-test. Moreover, the three-month follow-up assessments of counseled participants indicated that these improvements in resilience (Cohen’s d = .69) and perspective taking (Cohen’s d = .57) had lasted for that period. 