Introduction
Safely managed sanitation services are available to 62% of urban populations but only 44% of rural populations worldwide (A systematic review and meta-analysis of sanitation intervention studies estimated that the interventions increased latrine coverage on average by 14% and latrine use by 13% (In this study, we present data from a substudy nested within the sanitation and control arms of a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh (WASH Benefits) that provided latrine upgrades and child feces management tools to intervention households. We used longitudinal data collected between 1 and 3.5 years after the initiation of the interventions to assess their sustained impact on indicators of latrine access, use and maintenance, and use of child feces management tools. We also investigated effect modification of intervention impacts on these indicators by time since study onset, ongoing behavior change promotion and household factors.