Introduction
hemorrhage, tracheal stenosis
HEMORRHAGE, TRACHEAL STENOSIS, COMPLICATION





Prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation of a patient The first widely accepted percutaneous tracheostomy technique was described by Pat Ciaglia, which involved a series of sequential dilatations using a set of seven dilators of progressively larger size (The spread of percutaneous techniques raised the number of successful bedside tracheostomy operations, and percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) gained popularity to become the technique of choice for long-term airway management in mechanically ventilated patients. However, these interventions have their own hazards: the major early complication is hemorrhage and one of the most dangerous and relatively common late complication is tracheal stenosis. Severe tracheal stenosis occurs in 3%–12% of patients undergoing PDT (