Statistical analyses
eating jetlag
REGRESSION
The distribution of the variables was verified using the Shapiro–Wilk test, skewness and kurtosis values, visual checking of histograms, and Q–Q and box plots. The descriptive parameters are reported as mean and standard deviation when normally distributed, or medians (interquartile range) when a Gaussian distribution was not found. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and HOMA-IR were log10-transformed to bring their distributions closer to normal and used in subsequent analyses. A one-way analysis of variance was used to compare baseline characteristics between men and women. We conducted simple linear regression models to examine the association of meal timing (i.e., eating window, caloric midpoint, eating jetlag, time from midsleep point to first food intake, and time from last food intake to midsleep point) with anthropometry (i.e., weight, BMI and waist circumference), body composition (i.e., fat mass percentage, lean mass index, and VAT mass) and cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., mean blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, HOMA-IR, and cardiometabolic risk score). We also conducted multiple linear regression models to examine these associations adjusting for potential confounders (i.e., sex, a priori Mediterranean diet pattern, light physical activity, midsleep point or sleep duration, and BMI). Differences between breakfast skippers and consumers in anthropometry, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors and potential confounders were determined by the Welch's The main analyses were corrected for multiple comparison errors (familywise error rate [Hochberg procedure]) [