CONSORT Chart
migraine, Migraine, type headache, headache
MIGRAINE, SECONDARY, MIGRAINE, MEDICATION OVERUSE HEADACHE
Because of the nature of the group intervention (fixed dates and times), not everyone who completed eligibility assessment could access the intervention; thus, it was not possible to randomize all those eligible for the trial (Nine participants (1%) had chronic tension–type headache, so our main analyses were on the remaining 727 with chronic migraine or chronic tension–type headache and episodic migraine. Of them, we classified 396/727 (54%) as having chronic migraine; 407/727 (56%) also had medication overuse headache (Baseline Characteristics of All Randomized Participants With Migraine by Treatment GroupDefined Daily Doses of Acute and Prophylactic Medications UsedWe held 42 self-management groups across 35 locations; 286/376 (76%) participants attended the first session, with a median group size of 6.5 (IQR 5–9), 259/376 (69%) achieved the predetermined minimum adherence (day 1 and one-to-one sessions), and 216/376 (58%) achieved full adherence to the program (eTable 15, We obtained analyzable primary outcome data from 586 participants with chronic migraine or chronic tension–type headache and episodic migraine (81%) at 12 months. There was no between-group difference in HIT-6 (adjusted mean difference, −0.3; 95% CI, −1.23 to 0.67; HIT-6–Adjusted Treatment Differences at Different Time PointsSmartphone app/diary data were poorly completed, median completion rate approximately 44%, making imputation inappropriate. The between-group difference over 12 months for the number of headache days was 0.2 (95% CI, −0.11 to 0.46; There were few differences in our secondary outcomes (