Baseline Visit
At baseline, all participants provided demographic information and underwent a short written, role-specific baseline knowledge assessment. This was developed to assess key skills and knowledge required to perform the operation in the real world. For surgeon participants, this involved instrumentation terminology and application, procedural steps, and understanding of the target orientation of components and technique (14 questions). Scrub technicians were assessed on their knowledge of instrumentation, procedural sequence, and a practical element asking them to assemble equipment (19 questions). A short introductory presentation was subsequently delivered to all participants to standardize baseline knowledge.