Introduction
heart failure, elevated cardiac troponins
HEART FAILURE, HEART, HEART DISEASE
The 2022 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) guidelines for management of heart failure highlight the importance of community identification of pre–heart failure (pre-HF; also termed stage B HF) because of its association with increased heart failure and cardiovascular risk.The pre-HFpEF diagnosis requires the absence of symptoms of heart failure, which is highly subjective. Nonetheless, the 2022 AHA/ACC guidelines say it can be diagnosed in asymptomatic patients with preserved ejection fraction by the presence of at least 1 of the following: structural heart disease, including elevated left atrial size; increased filling pressures; cardiovascular risk factors with increased natriuretic peptides; or persistently elevated cardiac troponins, in the absence of competing diagnoses.