Scenario 1: no carry-over and no activity interaction
In the first scenario without Activity interaction and without carry-over, all methods provide unbiased estimates of the true treatment effect difference of 2. As can be expected, the estimates are more efficient; i.e. had smaller standard errors for larger sample sizes. For the smallest sample size with 5 patients, the G-Estimation (AR1) model slightly underestimates the treatment effect as it assumes autocorrelation, which is not present in this scenario. For the data with missing values, the models also provided unbiased treatment effect estimates, with expected slightly larger standard errors as we have fewer observations.