Introduction
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) designed to produce long-lasting modulation of neural excitabilityAlthough initial studiesResting-state EEG (rsEEG) provides an easy-to-implement noninvasive way to assess spontaneous cortical brain activity both at baseline, and in response to TBSTo address this knowledge gap, using a sham-controlled test–retest design we assessed the reliability of EEG spectral power modulation induced by iTBS and cTBS in 24 healthy participants (aged 18 to 49 years and not taking any psychoactive medications). We increased robustness of our study by including both hypothesis-driven ROI-based and data-driven whole-brain analysis approaches. The ROI-based analysis was focused on EEG signals recorded near the stimulated site within the left M1, in alpha and beta bands, replicating the methodology already used in earlier studies