Study variables
depression, Depression
HEART FAILURE, HEART
We collected baseline demographic and clinical information, including age, gender, the existence of a partner, education level, economic status, duration of heart failure, number of hospital admissions, and comorbidities.Physiological factors were measured on a three-part form, which included: (1) anthropometric measurements (ie, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], systolic blood pressure [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP]); (2) evaluation of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes I–IV; and (3) transthoracic echocardiography data (ie, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] for LV systolic function and early mitral inflow velocity/tissue Doppler-derived early diastolic mitral annular velocity [E/Ea ratio] for LV diastolic function).A two-part form recorded psychosocial factors, including (1) depression measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale [Two behavioral factors were recorded, which included: (1) medication adherence measured using the 8-item Hill Bone Medication Adherence Scale [All of the above data were collected by a researcher at baseline as well as 3-month follow-up for all participants during their regular hospital visit schedule.