Counterregulatory hormones
Plasma concentrations of glucagon were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Mercodia AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Plasma concentrations of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dreieich, Germany). Serum concentrations of cortisol and growth hormone were measured by electrochemiluminescent immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany).