Students and grouping
ATROPHIC
This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines set out in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (No. KQJ2022166). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Fifty-four postgraduate students were included in this study, who received training between 2020 and 2023 at the Department of Implant Dentistry, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. No students had any experience or training in bone and soft tissue augmentation at atrophic maxilla before hand. The students were randomly allocated into three groups, namely the traditional PBL-CBL group (students were trained using traditional PBL-CBL method), the digital PBL-CBL group (students were trained using digital PBL-CBL method), and control group (students were trained using didactic teacher-centered method). All groups were trained for three months.