Conclusion
death
The HPTN 074 randomized controlled trial, conducted in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Ukraine, documented directly measured mortality rates in PWID. The results confirm that both HIV-infected and uninfected PWID remain at a starkly elevated risk of death compared to the general population of the same age. Mortality related to HIV and other causes can be significantly reduced by scaling-up ART and OAT. Access to these life-saving treatments can be effectively improved by flexible integrated interventions, such as the one developed and tested in HPTN 074. Future research may explore strategies that facilitate implementation and scale-up of such interventions.