Procedures
Thirty-six hours before each mixed-meal test, participants were fitted with a continuous glucose monitoring system (Dexcom G6, Dexcom, Inc., USA) that was implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior-medial aspect of the abdomen (Participants arrived at the Newcastle NIHR Clinical Research Facility after an overnight fast (∼12 hours), having consumed a standardized meal (920 kcal derived 47%, 17%, and 36% from carbohydrates, protein, and fat, respectively) the previous evening (∼1900-2000 hours). Once rested, an intravenous cannula was introduced into a forearm vein for repeated blood sampling. Participants then consumed a WP (100 kcal, 15.6 g protein) or placebo (35 kcal, < .1 g protein) shot 10 minutes before a breakfast meal consisting of 60 g of ready-to-eat cereal (Cheerios, Nestle, UK) and 250 mL of whole milk (387 kcal from 58% carbohydrates, 27% fat, and 15% protein). The breakfast meal was initiated at 