Randomization and blinding
After providing written informed consent, an anesthesiologist not involved in the study randomly assigned the enrolled patients to the remimazolam or propofol group using blocked randomization in a 1:1 allocation ratio in block size 4 with the R software (version 3.5.1, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Since anesthesiologist investigators could not be blinded to the group assignment owing to different anesthetic management requirements between the two groups, only patients and outcome assessors in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and ward were blinded to the group assignment.