Graph literacy
We assessed graph literacy using the Spanish translation of the Graph Literacy Scale. The scale assesses an individual’s knowledge of health-related information based on graphical representations with 13 items on 3 levels of difficulty: reading the data (i.e., finding the specific information on a graph; 4 items), reading between the data (i.e., understanding relationships in the data shown in the graph; 4 items), and reading beyond the data (i.e., making inferences and predictions from the presented data; 5 items). The English and German versions of this scale were validated on nationally representative samples in Germany and the United States and showed good psychometric properties.