Secondary outcomes
fatigue, pain
OXIDATIVE STRESS
As shown in Table Results of pain (VAS) and fatigue (FSS) in the studied patients (probiotic n = 20, placebo n = 20).All values are presented as mean ± SD.*Paired-samples t-test (statistically significant values are shown in bold).**One-way ANOVA.***Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline measures.Table Results of quality of life (SF-36) in the studied patients (Case n = 20, Control n = 20).All values are presented as mean ± SD.*Paired-samples t-test (statistically significant values are shown in bold).**One-way ANOVA.***Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline measures.The serum samples were collected for additional measurements before and after the intervention. Table Results of inflammatory indexes and oxidative stress in the studied subjects (case n = 20, control n = 20).All values are presented as mean ± SD.*Paired-samples t-test (statistically significant values are shown in bold).**One-way ANOVA.***Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline measures.The probiotic group showed an increase in TAC level while the placebo group demonstrated a decrease; nonetheless, these variances did not attain statistical significance (p = 0.103 and p = 0.817, respectively). After adjusting to baseline values, the changes observed in the probiotic group were significantly higher than in the placebo group (probiotic: 0.51 ± 1.33 versus placebo: − 0.06 ± 1.22 nmol/liter and p = 0.004).