Nutritional supplements
ASH
FOR is a non-thermal pasteurized, freeze-dried high proteo-lipid, fertilized egg yolk product. It comprises 2.4% carbohydrates, 59% fat, 34% protein, and 3.5% total ash, with an energy content of 6.7 kcal/g. The ingredients of FOR and placebo were analyzed using Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) method from a food analysis laboratory (Certified Laboratories Inc., NY, USA). Participants in FOR-SUPP consumed 19.8 g of FOR daily with breakfast, and the PLA-SUPP group consumed 19.8 g of cheese powder that was matched for macronutrient and energy to FOR-SUPP. The supplements were provided pre-mixed into a chocolate pudding to match the flavor and texture to maintain blinding.