Design, Setting, and Participants
This was a multicenter, simulation-based, 3-group parallel randomized clinical trial. The study was carried out between September 2020 and December 2021 at 4 Italian University Hospitals (Padua, Florence, Rome, and Novara), with analysis performed between January and June 2022. Residents in pediatrics, emergency medicine, and anesthesiology were recruited after providing written informed consent. Adult and pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support–certified residents, following the AHA