Exclusion criteria
liver failure, death, allergy, pneumothorax
PULMONARY HAEMORRHAGE, STAGE 4 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, PNEUMOTHORAX, LIVER FAILURE, ALLERGY
The exclusion criteria were imminent expected death within 24 h, specific contraindications to surfactant administration (e.g. known allergy, pneumothorax, pulmonary haemorrhage), known or suspected pregnancy, stage 4 chronic kidney disease or requiring dialysis (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min), liver failure (Child–Pugh Class C), anticipated transfer to another hospital within 72 h (which is not a study site); current or recent (within 1 month) participation in another study that, in the opinion of the investigator, would prevent enrolment for safety reasons, and declined consent or assent. Patients were ineligible if they were intubated for more than 24 h.