Limitations
This study has several potential limitations. First, all mediating and outcome variables were subjectively reported by the participants through questionnaires, which may have led to recall bias. Second, most participants reported a higher socioeconomic status, thereby limiting the generalizability of the study’s findings to disadvantaged nurses. In addition, our sample of nurses consisted of mostly female participants (97.24%). Although this study was not designed to analyze differences by sex, this skew is an important consideration for the generalizability of the results. Future studies should recruit more male nurses and perform subgroup analyses. Third, this participants were followed up only for 3 months after the intervention, which may limit the extent of the results. Thus, we recommend that future studies explore the impact of web- and mobile-based ACT interventions on nurses’ health outcomes over a more extended period to determine the extent to which improvements persist. Fourth, although there were no statistical differences in the baseline characteristics between the completed and missing samples, dropouts can introduce bias and affect the generalizability of the results. Similar future studies could explore potential strategies to reduce dropout rates. Fifth, all mediated analyses used only baseline versus immediate postintervention changes. Future studies could use more complex designs, such as intensive longitudinal mediated designs, to examine the effects of dynamic changes in ACT process variables on the relationship between intervention and outcomes at different time points [