2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
cancer, hypoglycemic, weight loss, Crohn’s disease
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE, CANCER, TYPE 2 DIABETES, DISEASES, INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
The adults eligible for the study were over 18 years of age with overweight/obesity, attending Outpatients Clinic of the Departmental program “Diet therapy in transplantation and chronic renal failure”, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples. Overweight/obesity was defined by a BMI > 25 and <45 kg/mAdults were ineligible if the following were observed:They participated in other clinical trials;They declined to consent;They showed a weight change of more than 3 kg in the last 2 months;They were treated with weight loss medications and/or had a history of bariatric surgery;They were treated with hormonal therapies (estrogens, thyroxine or progesterone);They currently have cancer or received a cancer diagnosis within the last 5 years;They suffered with acute or chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases (Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.);They suffered from type 1 or type 2 diabetes or had been treated with insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs (changes in the regulation of intermediary metabolism).Patients with type 2 diabetes, treated with diet alone, could be included in the study.After baseline evaluations, subjects were randomized into 2 groups: the first group (32 adults) was treated with a hypocaloric diet for 2 months plus the supplementation of cinchona (T group); the second one (27 adults) was treated with a hypocaloric diet for 2 months plus a placebo supplementation (P-group). Adults affected by diseases, such as those reported above, cancer, acute and chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases, type 1 and type 2 diabetes treated with insulin and/or hypoglycemic drugs or treated with drugs to lose weight or treated with hormone therapy were excluded.