2.2. Outcome measures
CREST
Medical history, including physical examination and vital signs, will be recorded before inclusion. Assessment of food frequency consumption for most probiotic and prebiotic food in Saudi culture by using a Food Frequency Questionnaire designed especially for this study. 24-hour dietary recall, all subjects will be asked to record 3 days for their daily intake of food before the intervention, and 3 days by the end of the intervention, in which 2 weekdays and 1 weekend. The first day will be done with a researcher in the clinic, then the other 2 days will be collected by phone call. Anthropometric measurements, the primary outcome of the present study is the relative change in waist circumference (WC) measurement from baseline to end-of-treatment. Other obesity-related outcomes included body weight, WC, and hip circumference. The anthropometrics included:Height will be measured using stadiometer to the nearest 0.5 cm. Subjects should remove shoes, any things cover their head, any cloths that may make it difficult to stand flat against the wall. Standing should be straight, on feet flat on the floor with keeping head, shoulders, and buttocks are touching the wall. The line of sight and chin should be parallel to the floor.Body weight will be recorded before breakfast, using a calibrated column scale to the nearest 0.1 kgWC will be measured at the approximate midpoint between the lower margin of the last palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest to the nearest 0.5 cm. To get an accurate waist size, the WC should be taken in a normal respiration situation, and after overnight fasting to reduce stomach contents which may affect the measurement.Hip circumference will be taken around the widest portion of the buttocks, with the tape parallel to the floor. Measuring waist and hip will be obtained by using 150 cm anthropometric measuring stretch-resistant tape ended with steel Hook. The tape should be held snugly around the body, but not in the constricted way. The subject should stand with closed feet, opened arms, with evenly distributing body weight, and should wear little clothing. Also, the subject should be relaxed to avoid any changing in the tension of the abdominal wall. To insure obtain right measuring, measurement should be repeated twice; if the difference is only 1 cm, the average should be counted. If the difference is more than 1 cm, the measurement should be repeated.Physical activity will be assessed at the beginning and the end of the study using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form, last 7 days, self-administered format). Table Visits.This table shows the tasks to be accomplished for each participant visit.