Study design, patient recruitment, and randomization
tooth
ACUTE INFECTION, MAY, SYSTEMIC DISEASE, RECRUITMENT
This clinical study was conducted between June 15th 2022 and October 18th 2022, in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional Ethics Committee of Arab American University and the Palestinian Health Research Council [PHRC/HC/1151/22] on May 26th 2020. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration number for this study is NCT05492357 on 08/08/2022.Patient’s recruitment was done in the Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry at Arab American University of Palestine. All patients signed a written informed consent before starting the procedure. Additionally, consent to participate in this clinical trial was also obtained from all patients. The inclusion criteria for the study were: A single maxillary and mandibular non-molar tooth requiring extraction, alveolar bone level (pre-assessed using periapical radiographs and ensured clinically following tooth extraction and small flap elevation) more than 67% of the root length, and age ranges from 20 to 65 years. The exclusion criteria included: bony fenestration of the socket wall or absence of the buccal plate (assessed clinically following tooth extraction using probe and direct vision), acute infection, periodontally compromised tooth, and any systemic disease which may affect the healing process [Table 
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Study planAt first, 20 patients were divided according to their gender. Then men and women were equally and randomly separated into the previously mentioned groups (stratified randomization [