Design and participants
gallbladder stone disease, acute cholecystitis, drug addiction, pain, upper gastrointestinal surgeries
ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
This is a clinical trial, designed to look for a statistical difference in pain and inflammatory markers after operation, comparing two parallel groups, with an allocation ratio of 1:1. Participants were eligible for the study if they were above the age of 12 years old, with low anaesthesia risk defined as American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score 1 or 2, and having symptomatic gallbladder stone disease whom were booked for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The study is prospective, all patients admitted during the study period were assessed for eligibility, the study stopped enrolment when hundred eligible patients were selected. The enrolment period extended over a year, from January 2020 to January 2021. Patients not included in the study were those currently or previously diagnosed with acute cholecystitis confirmed by ultrasonography, or those who underwent previous upper gastrointestinal surgeries except bariatric and anti-reflux surgeries, or those currently on immunosuppressants, or currently diagnosed with drug addiction, also pregnant and breastfeeding females were excluded.