GI.4- and GII.4-specific cellular immune responses as measured by intracellular cytokine staining
TNF-α
Most subjects displayed vaccine strain-specific (GI.4 Chiba 407 [1987] and GII.4 Aomori 2 [2006]) cell-mediated responses at baseline (day 1), detected before by lymphoproliferation (CD4CI, confidence interval; Geomean, geometric mean of the cell count.*Geometric mean values are expressed as cell count (frequencies per million parent cells.Intracellular cytokine staining—CD4CD8CD40L (or CD154) is a co-stimulatory molecule expressed on almost all activated CD4CD4IL-2 is a key cytokine for T cell development, survival, and function (TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, characterized by a broad spectrum of functions that also include cytotoxic and anti-viral effects (In both the low (rNV-2v 50 µg) and high (rNV-2v 150 µg) dose groups, a statistically significant increase in polypositive CD4