References
PCP, allergy, Crohn’s, NB
ALLERGY, PCP
Exclusion criteria.History of hypercalcemiaHistory of nephrolithiasisHistory of intolerance to vitamin D3 supplementsUse of calcium at a dose > 600 mg/day (individuals using a dose greater than 600 mg of calcium per day were asked to limit the amount to 600 mg unless they had been directed by their physician to take more than 600 mg/day. If the latter was true, the potential subject was excluded from the study.)Use of vitamin D at a daily dose > 5000 IU *Use of aluminum-containing phosphate binders in patients with renal failureUse of calcipotrieneUse of digoxinUse of thiazide diuretics if using:
Hydrochlorothiazide at a daily dose > 37.5 mgIndapamide at a daily dose > 1.25 mgChlorthalidone at a daily dose > 12.5 mgMetolazone at a daily dose > 2.5 mgMethyclothiazide at a daily dose > 2.5 mgChlorothiazide at a daily dose > 250 mgMetolazone at a daily dose > 0.5 mgBendroflumethiazide at a daily dose > 2.5 mgPolythiazide at a daily dose > 1 mgHydroflumethiazide at a daily dose > 25 mgConditions that are associated with a risk of modified vitamin D metabolismKnown allergy to woolCurrent enrollment in another studyLife expectancy < 1 month at time of screeningInability to provide informed consentPregnant or trying to become pregnantEmployee is team member in the present study* If potential participants were found to be using vitamin D supplementation upon screening at a daily dose ≤ 5000 IU/day, they were eligible for participation by switching to the study dose. If potential participants were taking a multiple vitamin or calcium supplement and there was less than or equal to 800 IU vitamin D in it, they could continue the multivitamin or calcium supplement along with taking the study vitamin D3. Total vitamin D could not exceed 5800 IU per day combined with any supplements that contained vitamin D. Use of vitamin D at a daily dose > 5000 IU at the direction of a physician was an exclusion criterion. If a potential subject used over-the-counter vitamin D not directed by a physician at a daily dose > 5000 IU, they were eligible to participate by switching to the lower study dose.Demographic and clinical characteristics of the vitamin D supplementation and control groups.Standardized costs by treatment groups in US dollars.SD—standard deviation; CI—confidence interval. Difference uses control group as reference.Comparisons of utilization between control and intervention groups.Models used include Poisson (P), negative binomial (NB), and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB). N/A refers to the upper limit of the confidence interval which could not be calculated due to the presence of zero values. The person-time denominators for the control and intervention groups were 590,348 and 37,935 person-days, respectively. Relative rate uses control group as reference; CI-confidence interval. * Unit examples: 1 unit = 1 test, such as CAT/MRI/PET scan; 1 unit = 1 treatment, such as radiation therapy; 1 unit = 1 service, such as radiology/nuclear medicine including ultrasound and imaging; 1 unit = 1 session, such as occupational/speech therapy; ** Unit examples: PCP or NP administers 3 vaccines = 3 units; ECG = 1 unit; *** 1 unit ≠ 1 medical pharmacy prescription; majority are 1 unit, but units could be based on per mg or per hour of infusion; Models used include Poisson (P), negative binomial (NB), zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB); Outpatient includes services performed in outpatient hospital setting such as outpatient cardiologist, dermatologist, nephrologist, etc.; Primary care physician (PCP) includes general practice, internal medicine, family practice, pediatrician, and ob/gyn. Nurse practitioner (NP) includes nurse practitioner, certified registered nurse practitioner (CRNP), CRNP PCP, nurse practitioner/clinical specialist. Professional includes services performed in office setting such as cardiologist, dermatologist, nephrologist, etc. Medical pharmacy includes chemotherapy, rheumatology medications, Crohn’s medications, etc. Freestanding prescriptions include prescriptions obtained at freestanding pharmacies.