Secondary outcomes
abdominal transverse muscle thickness, disability
SECONDARY
There were four secondary outcomes: (i) disability measured with the RMQ, (ii) activation of the transverse abdominal muscle using the pressure biofeedback unit, (iii) abdominal transverse muscle thickness measured with ultrasound, and (iv) resistance of the transverse abdominal muscle measured with electromyography. A two-way mixed ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of time and treatment on all secondary outcomes.