Data Collection
The potential predictors collected in the study can be categorized as follows: (1) basic demographics, including age, sex, occupation, and technical title; (2) hospital information, including hospital type, hospital category, and tertiary hospital level; (3) evaluation of the construction of the hospital rule of law, including the establishment of hospital legal construction, independent rule of law department in the hospital, hospital performance appraisal system including hospital legal construction, rule of law training for new recruits, examination of law popularization among hospital staff, legal training organized by the hospital, publicity of rule of law for hospital staff, publicity of rule of law for patients’ family members, and the construction status of the hospital rule of law; (4) participants’ knowledge on medical laws, including understanding the hospital president responsibility system under the leadership of the hospital party committee, understanding the duty of the hospital law department, understanding the duty of the legal counselor in the hospital, and understanding the contents of hospital charters; and (5) participants’ awareness of medical laws, including the importance of clinical practice in accordance with the law, previous experience of legal issues outside of medical work, willingness to participate in law training organized by the hospital, helpfulness of the hospital’s legal construction to their medical work, participation in legal training organized by hospitals, and the necessity of carrying out legal training in hospitals. All these clinical characteristics were self-reported by participants based on their actual conditions.In this study, the abovementioned characteristics were clearly defined as follows. Hospital charters refer to the legal frameworks of the hospital, including state laws, administrative regulations, and hospital regulations and rules. The performance appraisal system including hospital legal construction indicates that hospital legal construction was considered an important item in the performance appraisal system. More detailed information on the definition of each characteristic is provided in 