Background
Total knee replacement, KOA, pain, disability, chronic joint disorder, Knee osteoarthritis, weight loss, knee pain
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES, KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS, OSTEOARTHRITIS, OSTEOPOROSIS
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common chronic joint disorder worldwide and is the most frequent cause of activity limitation and disability in elderly adults [The diagnosis of KOA is based on clinical symptoms, including knee pain that worsens with walking and climbing the stairs, limited range of motion at the knee, and weakness of the knee muscles. These symptoms are inimical to daily functioning that impairs the patient’s quality of life [As determined by the leading authorities regarding KOA (The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases and the Osteoarthritis Research Society International), the core KOA treatment sequence begins with patient education, physical therapy, and weight loss [Total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is the treatment of choice in cases wherein non-surgical treatment modalities are no longer effective [The mechanism of action of LLLT is photochemical (photobiomodulation) [Under proper irradiance and adequate irradiation time, systematic reviews reported positive effects when laser therapy was applied to cartilage defects in animal models of KOA [PEMFT is a non-invasive therapeutic modality that combines magnetic electric fields generated by a pulsed electromagnetic field signal generator and a coil assembly with a two-coil array [The rationale behind using PEMFT as a treatment modality for KOA is based on its effect on structures comprising the knee joint, including cartilage [Over the last decade, several systematic reviews of clinical trials on the therapeutic effects of PEMFT in KOA have been conducted. However, results regarding joint pain, stiffness, and physical function post-therapy remain controversial [In a previous study [