Perioperative protocol
jejunojejunal bypass
The same surgeon performed all procedures including laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy plus duodenojejunal bypass (LSG-DJB), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy plus jejunojejunal bypass (LSG-JJB), and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). All patients received standard anesthesia with midazolam, propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium, or cis-atracurium to facilitate tracheal intubation. Prophylactic dexamethasone (10 mg, intravenously) was administered during induction. Thereafter, the patients were mechanically ventilated with a tidal volume of 6–8 mL/kg (ideal body weight) and a respiratory rate of 12–16 times per min to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide level of 35–45 mmHg. Anesthesia was maintained with continuous infusion of propofol 100–200 mcg · kg