3.3. DXA Parameters
L2-L4 lumbar spine
For the primary outcome, mean change in BMD at L2-L4 lumbar spine, from baseline after 48 weeks, revealed a slight but not statistically significant increase in the HE group (0.0063 ± 0.0371 g/cmAmong the other DXA parameters, there was a significant increase in the total body BMD within the HE group at week 48 compared to baseline (0.0180 ± 0.0302 g/cmRegarding body composition, lean mass and fat percentage were not modulated in any groups, while fat mass and visceral fat were significantly increased after 48 weeks compared to baseline in the HE group (median change (Q1; Q3) = 714.0 (−123.0; 1285.0) g for fat mass and 52.5 (−55.0; 213.0) g for visceral fat, Additionally, post hoc sub-group analysis was performed according to vitamin D status (sufficient if ≥75 nmol/L and insufficient if <75 nmol/L). In vitamin D sufficient women, there was an increase in the HE group compared to the placebo group for the BMD at L2-L4 lumbar spine (difference of adjusted relative changes from baseline ± SE = 2.29 ± 1.16%; 