Study setting and ethical consideration
A prospective, controlled randomized clinical study was conducted at the Paediatric Dentistry Department Outpatient Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, through the period from July 2021 to December 2022. The digital X-ray was done at the Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis & Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05633537. This study was approved by the ethical committee (REC), Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, code (#R-PED-1–21-2) complying with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its subsequent amendments. Clinical treatment was started after parents signed written informed consent.