5. Conclusions
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Overall, the results obtained and the literature data currently available show that the consumption of MAB juice, inducing a response on different markers, could positively affect several targets related to the risk of developing CNCDs.For some antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers, probably the two juices act synergistically, thanks also to the very different polyphenol profiles that they have, but for others such as those involved in lipid-lowering effects, apple juice appears to have very modest effects, hence the importance of balancing it with bergamot juice, which instead seems to play a pivotal role.Our study results aligned with those reported by Papandreou et al. [A limitation of this study is represented by the small sample. Therefore, proteomics experiments, analysis of the related signaling pathways, and serum/plasma markers could be investigated. Finally, among the future prospects, the effects of MAB juice on pathological populations will also have to be investigated.Our findings support, for the first time based on a nutrigenomics prospective, that the supplementation of MAB juice to a MedDiet could contribute to the reduction in the risk of CNCDs if taken regularly. Even if clinical trials to validate the relationship between whole fruits or juice (oranges, apples, and berries) and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk should be investigated in the future, our findings on the combination between MedDiet and MAB juice, and recent scientific evidence propose that the fruit juice assumption is not harmful to health. The high antioxidant and phytochemical levels and fiber content of fruit juice could be possible reasons for the neutral effects on glycemia and insulin levels. Further research is necessary to assess this issue.