5. Conclusions
GDM, T2DM
GDM
In summary, our study shows that a nutritional intervention based on the principles of the MedDiet and supplemented with EVOO and nuts initiated early in pregnancy not only reduces the rate of GDM but also has metabolic benefits up to 3 years postpartum when compared with a nutritional intervention commenced after delivery. Therefore, easily adopted eating patterns, such as an increase in the consumption of EVOO and pistachios, maintained over time, improve clinical parameters and can act as a preventive factor for later development of T2DM. They can help to reduce the risk of GDM and in turn a later progression to T2DM. Postnatal MedDiet-based nutritional interventions should be intensified in women with GDM. Further studies will be needed to evaluate whether these benefits persist for more than three years.