Statistical Analysis
noncancer, chronic kidney disease, cognitive impairment
REGRESSION, HYPERTENSION, SENSITIVITY
Statistical analysis was performed from April to September 2022. The characteristics of the participants were compared for continuous variables using analysis of variance and for categorical variables using χCox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality, and competing risk was used for cause-specific mortality. Initially, we examined the 5 weight change categories with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality using stable weight (within 5% change) as the reference category. Thereafter, we examined the 5 categories of WC change with mortality in a similar manner. All analyses were repeated in the same way for the individual end points of all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality, CVD-specific mortality, and noncancer non-CVD–specific mortality. Various analytical models were adjusted for 1 or more of the following characteristics: age, baseline BMI, baseline WC, frailty status, country of birth, smoking status, alcohol intake, educational level, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate, <60 mL/min/1.73 mThere was a significant interaction between change in body size categories and sex that persisted in the fully adjusted models. There was no similar interaction between change in body size and age; analyses were therefore stratified by sex.Sensitivity analyses were performed excluding the US population (predominantly comprising the US racial and ethnic minority population), excluding participants with a cognitive impairment at baseline,