INTRODUCTION
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PROLIFERATION, SKIN, OXIDATIVE STRESS
Skin aging is a complex process that occurs naturally as a consequence of oxidative stress caused by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), a by‐product of cellular metabolism. The accumulation of ROS within cells can damage Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and proteins, which can halt proliferation and result in cell death.The process of skin aging has an effect on the whole body. However, facial skin aging is often more concerning for individuals as the face is a part of the body that is visible to others.Though genetics play a major role in facial skin aging, environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation from sunlight exposure, smoking, stress, poor diet, and alcohol can accelerate the aging process and worsen facial skin aging characteristics.The two facial serums were developed for the purposes of preventing and improving the appearance of aging skin, and contain the following ingredients with proposed anti‐aging activities: caffeine, pracaxi oil, 