Lateralization metrics:
This data underwent further processing, namely a filtering step (cutoff frequency of 0.1 Hz). We then epoched data for each session by averaging the activity over a time interval of − 5 to 45 s (around block start time) for each condition (go and go-no-go) separately. Time courses were then averaged across all prefrontal channels independently for each hemisphere yielding right and left activation (Fig. Direction metric: This metric was computed by subtracting the right and left time-averaged activation for both go-only and go-no-go blocks.Angle and magnitude metrics: Here, we first defined axes in a two-dimensional plane consisting of the left (x) and right (y) prefrontal activity. The trajectory of this parametric curve in time was then quantified as follows: each time point was treated as a vector described by a magnitude and an angle. The average vector was then computed and summarized by its resulting magnitude and angle yielding the final metrics. We only considered the temporal dynamics up until the peak activation of right for go-no-go blocks and left for go-only blocks, because the parametric curves intersected with themselves beyond the peaks. To account for artifacts and atypical activation that may result in early peaks we considered at a minimum the full block duration (30 s). These parametric representation of right and left coactivation in the described two-dimensional plane encapsulate complementary information about the covariation between right and left prefrontal activity, namely the angle metric captures a granular time-locked measure of lateralization while the magnitude metric contains information about the absolute change in prefrontal activation.