2.1. Study Design
This prospective randomized controlled trial protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under the registration number NCT03310060. Additionally, it received approval from the institutional review board and support from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (IRB no. 201700271A3). Before surgery, informed consent was obtained from all participants. The manuscript was prepared following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines (as detailed in 