Limitations
While this study has many strengths, we acknowledge that the logistical obstacles of this study led to the data collection timeline to be spread out. During this time, many pandemic-related factors, such as the various new COVID-19 strain variants, CDC recommendation changes, COVID-19 case surges, and booster shots, may have impacted participants’ opinions depending on when the participant took the survey. In addition, the limited sample may not have captured all meaningful trends. Further studies using a larger sample size could validate the demographic relationships and associations found in this study. Moreover, the sample population was derived from patients at outpatient primary care offices. This can lead to selection bias as this population may vary from the general population. Many participants also failed to record demographic information, which may have skewed demographic trends in attitude and knowledge. The cash incentive for completing these surveys may have also impacted the study as those in lower income brackets may have been overrepresented when compared to upper-income brackets. Additional limitations of this study include the requirement of participants to be literate in English and the surveys were distributed at clinics selected from convenience sampling, thereby excluding non-English speaking populations and patients from other locations, respectively. Lastly, this study also required participants to be competent in technology use, as it required an iPad or Smartphone device. Nevertheless, we believe that this study addressed many of the gaps in previous studies including how the effects of intervention wain over time and comparing different modalities of educational intervention.