2.3. Exercise Protocol
All participants performed two workout sessions with a 72 h recovery period in between and no additional activity.The aerobic exercise session lasted 45 min and consisted of walking on a treadmill to achieve a heart rate of 70% intensity as determined by the estimated HRmax. After a 5 min warm-up at a heart rate of 50 to 60% of HRmax (calculated for males as (202 − (0.55 × age) × 0.50) to (202 − (0.55 × age) × 0.60) and females as (216 − (1.09 × age)) × 0.50) to (216 − (1.09 × age)) × 0.60), followed a workout session for 30 min at a heart rate of 70–75% of HRmax (calculated for males as (202 − (0.55 × age) × 0.70) to (202 − (0.55 × age) × 0.75) and females as (216 − (1.09 × age)) × 0.70) to (216 − (1.09 × age)) × 0.75). The last 10 min were the same as the warm-up. Resistance training was conducted for 45 min using bodyweight and bar exercises including 10 exercises for different muscle groups in 3 sets of 12, 12, and 10 repetitions with a 30 s break between sets and a 2 min break between exercises. Resistance exercises included floor chest presses, overhead presses, bar squats, standing bent-over rows, and lying triceps extensions. The perceived rate of exertion was 5 to 6 on a scale of 1 to 10, which was below the expected anaerobic threshold and in a zone where, if needed, conversation could still be carried with effort. The anaerobic exercise target zone was considered to begin when 80% of the maximal heart rate was reached, which is considered an anaerobic threshold. The exercise protocol is shown in 