4. Discussion
obese, fractures, overweight, overweight or obese, osteoporosis
OBESE, OSTEOPOROSIS
Here, we observed that in overweight and obese women, post-intervention BMC and BMD at lumbar spine (L1–L4) in the CLA group significantly increase compared to pre-intervention values. However, no differences in changes in densitometric parameters between groups were detected.Excessive body weight is an important factor that may affect bone health. Previously, being overweight or obese was commonly seen as a factor contributing to higher bone density and a reduced risk of osteoporosis and fractures [Previously, only a few studies evaluated the effect of CLA supplementation on densitometric parameters in overweight and obese subjects and reported no effect or negative impact on bone health [Studies assessing the impact of CLA supplementation on bone health, which were not only focused on overweight or obese individuals, provided more ambiguous results. Some of these studies reported no effects on bone health [Several mechanisms have been suggested to clarify the potential positive impacts of CLA on densitometric parameters. First, CLA may decrease prostaglandin E2 production through the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and, therefore, may affect bone health [In addition to nutritional status, several other factors may be responsible for the potential differences between the results of individual studies analysing the effect of CLA supplementation on bone health. The duration of the intervention, dose of CLA, age, sex, hormonal and health status may determine the effectiveness of CLA supplementation. It was estimated that the bone turnover process may last approximately six months [It is worth noting some of the limitations of this study, including small sample size and a short intervention period. The bone remodelling cycle lasts a minimum of 100 days. Hence, our 90-day observation period may not have been sufficient to conclude how long-term supplementation may affect bones [On the other hand, this was a well-designed double-blind randomised controlled trial that was performed according to CONSORT guidelines [