2.6. Study Procedure and Data Collection
fatty liver disease, TG, chronic kidney disease
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS, BLOOD, HYPERTENSION, DISEASES, DYSLIPIDEMIA
At the first visit, potential participants were screened for the eligibility criteria (e.g., FPG, HbA1c, age, and BMI) by investigators and research assistants.One week after enrolment (2nd visit), demographic information (e.g., age, sex, educational level, and marital status), underlying diseases (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, fatty liver disease, and history of gestational diabetes mellitus), and health risk behaviors (i.e., smoking and alcohol consumption) were collected by an interview with trained research assistants. Blood pressure, body weight, and height were measured, and participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: TRE plus BE, TRE alone, and usual care. Physical examination including blood pressure and body weight, and laboratory measurements (i.e., FPG, HbA1c, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting insulin, and hs-CRP) were obtained during the 3rd visit (4th week), 4th visit (8th week), and 5th visit (12th week) after randomization or study end. Dietary intake at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12 post randomization were collected using 24 h food recall. Participants were asked to record their food diary for 7 days at each visit. INMUCAL-nutrients version 4.0 (developed by the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Thailand; 