Study population, randomization, and intervention
fever, insulin-treated gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus, anemia, respiratory or cardiovascular disease, cephalopelvic disproportion
FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION, DIABETES MELLITUS, ANEMIA, DILATION, OBSTETRIC COMPLICATION, HYPERTENSION, OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS, PREECLAMPSIA
The trial included at term (37 to 42 weeks), singleton, cephalic presentation pregnant women with category I FHR tracings in the latent phase of labor and excluded participants with existing medical or obstetric complications, including respiratory or cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or insulin-treated gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or preeclampsia, cephalopelvic disproportion, oligohydramnios, fetal growth restriction, anemia, fever, tobacco, or alcohol use, etc.At the point in the latent phase of labor (2 to 3 cm of cervical dilation in nulliparity and 1 to 2 cm of cervical dilation in multipara), participants were assigned 1:1 to receive either OAll women received standard intrapartum care and began pushing down immediately at the onset of the second stage in a supine position. The electronic fetal monitoring was reviewed every 15 to 30 min in the first stage and continuously in the second stage of labor (