 Study setting and population
traumatic knee injury, knee pain, KOA
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS, ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
 This study was conducted at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Adults with symptomatic (knee pain or stiffness) KOA were screened and recruited from the Physiotherapy Department of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Universiti Malaya Medical Centre. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to participate in this study. The inclusion criteria were adults aged 18 years old and above with symptomatic KOA, clinical or radiographic diagnosis of KOA based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria, and ability to walk independently for at least 3 m. However, the exclusion criteria were inflammatory arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus), acute traumatic knee injury (ligamentous or meniscal tear), and current participation in a structured exercise program or interventional study.