Follow up
death
RECURRENCE, RECURRENCE, TUMOR RECURRENCE
All participants were followed up regularly, and follow-up data, including recurrence and death, were recorded. Recurrence was identified by medical history and physical examination in combination with imaging evaluation and tissue biopsy by colonoscopy. Both groups of participants were followed up at 1 and 3 months after surgery, then every 3 months for the first 2 years and every 6 months for the next 3 years and then annually. Patients with tumor recurrence were followed up every 3 months until the date of the last follow-up examination.