Randomization
After providing informed consent, women were randomly assigned, using a web-based system with a 1:1 ratio, to either undergo molecular screening and treatment of BV using self-collected vaginal swabs (screen and treat group) or receive no screening (control group). The randomization list used a permuted block-design (block size of 6) and was stratified by center. The electronic case report form was developed using the online system CleanWeb.