Metabolic signature of infection in COVID-19 patients’ samples and SARS-CoV-2 infected primary cells.
infection
INFECTION, SARS-COV-2 INFECTION
(Further transcriptional analysis shows that 58 ± 3% of differentially expressed genes are metabolism-related, with about 15 ± 2% of the genes associated with lipid metabolism (Mapping differentially expressed genes on the central carbon metabolism pathway showed that SARS-CoV-2 induces key glycolysis genes (To confirm these transcriptional signatures we validated our results in SARS-CoV-2-infected primary lung cells (Metabolic changes are often linked to endoplasmic stress. Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary cells induced the dsRNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR/PERK) and IRE1 pathways leading to differential expression of ATF4 and splicing of XBP1. The ATF6 pathway of ER stress was seemingly unaffected by infection. Induction of PKR/PERK and IRE1 pathways were previously shown to lead to a Warburg-like shift to anaerobic glycolysis (