RESULT
manic, cognitive impairment, 20.1–21.6, Nutritional Appetite, mania, bipolar disorder, SE, cognitive impairments
GROUP B
The present study was conducted on 60 patients with bipolar disorder in the manic episode (Figure Flow diagram of the clinical trial of the efficacy of spironolactone as an adjunctive therapy on mania symptoms, cognitive impairments, sleep quality, and appetite of patients with bipolar disorder type 1.Background and demographic characteristics of patients.Group A
Group B
Abbreviations: Group A, spironolactone users; Group B, placebo users.For cognitive impairment (MMSE), the scores at the beginning of the study in the group receiving spironolactone and placebo were 21.6 (20.8–22.3) and 20.8 (20.1–21.6), respectively, which was a difference of 0.8. At the end of the study in the eighth week, these scores were 26.8 (26.1–27.6) and 24.5 (23.8–25.2), respectively, which was a 2/3 difference, and this difference was statistically significant in such a way that there were significant interaction effects of group and time at week 8 (B = −1.60, SE = 0.69, For manic symptoms (YMRS), there were no significant interaction effects of group and time at week 8 (B = −2.53, SE = 1.46, Results from linear mixed effects models.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MMSE, mini‐mental state examination; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; SNAQ, Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale.Marginal means from linear mixed effects models (95% CI).Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MMSE, mini‐mental state examination; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; SNAQ, Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale.The graphical representations of change over time in the spironolactone and placebo groups can be seen in Figures (a) Changes in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores based on the group: time. (b) Changes in mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) scores based on the group: time. (c) Changes in Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scores based on the group: time.Graphical depictions of change over time in the spironolactone and placebo groups. YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; MMSE, mini‐mental state examination; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index.