Discussion
depression, WL, anxiety
ADVERSE EFFECTS
The mental health and well-being of physicians and medical students is a current issue of concern [Based on previous studies [In contrast to previous studies [The results of the present study also showed a significant decrease in psychological distress (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression) after the CCT, whereas no changes were found in WL. These results are in line with those found in previous studies [Furthermore, we also found a significant decrease of burnout symptoms (i.e., emotional exhaustion) after the CCT program. This reduction is consistent with earlier studies showing that MBIs reduce burnout symptoms in healthcare providers [Contrary to the results of previous studies [Consistent with our hypothesis, mindfulness skills significantly improved after CCT (specifically the facets of observing, non-reactivity to inner experience, and non-judging of inner experience). Similar results have been found in previous studies in the field [In line with previous studies examining the effects of CBIs [Finally, to further test the efficacy of CCT, we used the RCI as a means of improving the individual-level analysis and the detection of potential adverse effects. The RCI revealed differences between CCT and WL in terms of clinically significant changes in stress, anxiety, emotional exhaustion, and cynicism. Generally, CCT showed higher recovery and improved rates, whereas WL showed higher number of participants with no changes or deteriorated. It bears noting that only a tiny fraction of participants showed a deterioration from baseline in CCT, which is an important result considering the potential adverse effects of meditation practice, such as increases in anxiety, depression or negative thinking [