Statistical analysis
EHF
We computed descriptive statistics and continuous variables were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. To examine whether the glutamic acid intake from infant formula and other foods differed between the randomized groups and over time, we conducted multi-level modelling with generalized estimating equation linear models on intent-to-treat intake data that included randomized group (CMF, EHF) as the between-subjects factor, time (0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5 months) as the within-subject factor, and the group × time interaction. To illustrate the sources of glutamic acid in the infants’ diet over time, we computed the percentage of glutamic acid from each of the food category for each infant. We focused on the age range of 5.5–12.5 months since infants were, on average, first introduced to solid foods at 5.3 (± 1.7) months; there was no significant group difference in the age of introduction (Daily intakes of glutamic acid per kg body weight from infant formula and other foods. 