2.2. Histological Results
NB
RESIDUAL
A total of 22 bone biopsies were obtained for histologic analysis, 12 from the test group and 10 from the control group. New bone (NB) formation was noted in both groups, extending from the apical to the coronal part of each specimen. The NB had lamellar organization and was filled with many osteocytes embedded in lacunae. Residual biomaterial (BM) was detected in close contact with NB in both groups. Many fibroblasts were present in the soft tissue (ST). No inflammatory reaction was observed in any group (Immunohistochemical analysis revealed TNF-α- and BMP-4-positive cells in the area of the new bone formation (