Introduction
tooth loss, tumors, neoplasm, trauma
ATROPHIC, NEOPLASM, TUMORS, DISEASES, HYDROXYAPATITE
Sufficient alveolar bone is a prerequisite for successful placement of dental implants. However, atrophic maxilla or mandible is a common finding in clinical practice due to tooth loss, trauma, tumors, neoplasm resection, or bone metabolism diseases [Different materials, such as autografts, allografts, and xenografts have been used for filling the socket and retaining the alveolar bone volume [Synthesized bone substitutes are useful options as they can avoid these aforementioned shortcomings. Different synthesized bone substitute materials have been used in implant dentistry for socket preservation, such as hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) or a combination of these materials. Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are mostly used as bone substitutes in clinical practice, and low dose of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) (approved by the FDA) [Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used in implant dentistry with grey values (GVs) scale to measure density, volume, and contour of bone [Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rhBMP-2/BioCaP/β-TCP in socket preparation using CBCT studies and histological examination of biopsies for assessing bone formation.