What Are the Clinical Implications?
myocardial damage, inflammation, hypoxia, nonobstructive coronary arteries
INFLAMMATION, HYPOXIA, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION, OXIDATIVE STRESS

Our results aid in understanding the pathophysiology of MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries and highlight processes that may be further explored on patient management.Around 5% to 10%Studies investigating the mechanisms behind MINOCA have relied on assessment of clinical risk factors, noninvasive myocardial imaging, and invasive coronary visualization and functional testing.The aim of the present analysis was to explore concentrations and changes of biomarkers of myocardial damage (hs‐cTnT [high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T]), myocardial dysfunction (NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide]), inflammation (hs‐CRP [high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein], GDF‐15 [growth differentiation factor 15]), and oxidative stress and hypoxia (GDF‐15)