Results
postoperative nausea and/or vomiting, bleeding, abdominal adhesions, pain, PONV, NRS
ADVERSE REACTIONS, BLEEDING
A total of 94 consenting patients participated in this study from November 2021 to April 2022 at Xing’an Meng People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Among them, 9 patients had their surgical plan changed to gynaecological surgery with appendectomy on the day of surgery and 7 preoperative patients declined to participate in the study. Therefore, a total of 78 patients were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 39 patients each. Among them, 4 patients in Group OS and 3 patients in Group C were changed to laparotomy due to severe abdominal adhesions. Therefore, data for 35 patients in Group OS and 36 patients in Group C were finally analyzed (Fig. 
The study flow chart Notes: OS group, opioid-sparing anaesthesia; C group, conventional anaesthesia groupThere were no significant differences between the two groups in age, height, weight, ASA score, smoking history, history of previous abdominal surgery, intraoperative fluid volume, urine volume, bleeding volume, type of surgery, duration of anaesthesia and duration of the operation (
Comparison of general conditions between OS and C groupsNotes: OS group, opioid-sparing anaesthesia; C group, conventional anaesthesia group
Comparison of intraoperative conditions between OS and C groupsNotes: OS group, opioid-sparing anaesthesia; C group, conventional anaesthesia group
Comparison of intraoperative sufentanil and remifentanil dosage Notes: OS group, opioid-sparing anaesthesia; C group, conventional anaesthesia groupCompared with Group C, the resuscitation time and first postoperative flatus time were significantly shorter in Group OS (7 [
Comparison of main results between OS and C groupsNotes: OS group, opioid-sparing anaesthesia; C group, conventional anaesthesia groupThere was no significant difference in postoperative NRS scores and 24-hour postoperative analgesic rescue between the 2 groups (
Comparison of postoperative analgesia and adverse reactions between OS and C groupsNotes: NRS, numerical rating scale of pain; POD, postoperative day; PONV, postoperative nausea and/or vomiting; OS group, opioid-sparing anaesthesia; C group, conventional anaesthesia group