Hopkins verbal learning task—Revised (HVLT-R) [
A researcher read out a list of 12 words to the participant, who then repeated the list back. This was repeated over three trials, with the total number of words recalled indexing immediate recall. 20–25 min later participants were asked to recall the words again, indexing delayed recall. The percentage of correctly recalled words indexed retention. Recalled words that were related to the words in the original list, but not part of it, were defined as intrusions. Repetitions referred to the number of times a correctly recalled word was repeated. A different word list was used on each study visit and the order was randomised.