Background
SAMS, BLOOM
During the past recent years, education sector researchers have shown great interest and attention to the flipped classroom approach [Recently, there has been a shift in the teaching methodology in medical schools from the traditional approach to other educational approaches that encourage thinking and active participation, and contribution from students [The main aim of using the FCM is to engage students in active learning experiences through discussion and group communication and therefore use class time more efficiently [In 2007, Bergmann and Sams were looking for a way to provide lectures for their students who missed classes. They achieved it by recording lectures and giving the records to the students. The method took developing processes to be the current method of flip learning in different educational subjects [Bloom's revised taxonomy theory was the basis of the FCM study. This theory has six levels of learning and is arranged from the lowest level below to the highest level at the top. Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating. Through these levels the student tries to recognize and recall the information, understand the basic concepts, interpret the information and summarize what they have learned, apply knowledge to the actual situation, produce creative thinking and produce something new from what they have learned. Based on Bloom's revised taxonomy [By applying FCM many benefits appear in education process development, especially at the higher education level. Baker reported many benefits for teachers when applying a flipped classroom. In summary, class time saving for class activities, more focus on students' understanding and application rather than recall of facts, students controlling their learning, giving students their learning responsibility, and student-to-student knowledge and information sharing [Although FCM has an effective impact on students learning performance, engagement, and motivation as appeared in previous studies [In per-clinical educational programs, the effectiveness of an FCR for teaching has not been rigorously investigated. and, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies on the efficacy of FCR in Sudan have been conducted. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model on the students' achievement (performance and attitudes) of 2