Participants
mental disorders, depression, schizophrenia, intellectual disability
DISORDERS, SYNDROME
From September 2019 to January 2022, patients between the ages of 20 and 40 were recruited from the neuropsychiatric department of Menoufia University Hospital. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia using a structured interview conducted in accordance the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision,Exclusion criteria included abusing alcohol or other drugs, having intellectual disability, having undergone electroconvulsive therapy within the previous 12 weeks, having any other mental disorders, scoring ≥4 on the depression item of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS)