1. Introduction
diabetes, deaths, chronic disease, Diabetes
DISEASE, CHRONIC DISEASE, DIABETES, TYPE 2 DIABETES, DIABETES
Introduction: This study looked into the effectiveness of a 6 month health coaching intervention in smoking cessation and smoking reduction for patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study was carried out via a two-armed, double-blind, randomized-controlled trial with 68 participants at a medical center in Taiwan. The intervention group received health coaching for 6 months, while the control group only received usual smoking cessation services; some patients in both groups participated in a pharmacotherapy plan. The health coaching intervention is a patient-centered approach to disease management which focuses on changing their actual behaviors. By targeting on achieving effective adult learning cycles, health coaching aims to help patients to establish new behavior patterns and habits. Results: In this study, the intervention group had significantly more participants who reduced their level of cigarette smoking by at least 50% than the control group (Diabetes is a chronic disease which inflicts heavy burdens on medical systems and social systems, as well as causes numerous deaths, and the number of people throughout the world suffering from diabetes is increasing. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that the global prevalence rate of diabetes among adults now tops 8.5% [The smoking rate in Taiwan in 2020 was about 13.1%, of which men aged 31–50 had the highest prevalence of smoking, reaching a high of 30%. Since 2012, Taiwan has promoted “The second-generation smoking cessation program”, which has greatly extended drug subsidy and increased participation flexibility [There are quite a few studies on smoking cessation interventions using health education or behavioral counseling for more than 20 years, and motivational interviewing (MI) is one of the techniques used to aid quitting [However, because many health coaching studies often lack sufficient information on coach training, certification, and supervision, or do not clearly describe the methods used by coaches, it is impossible to effectively confirm whether coaches truly meet the definition of coaching by the aforementioned institutions, and many existing coaching studies may still be health education or counseling [