Patient characteristics
We enrolled 36 women and four men in the TNS group and 22 women and three men in the control group. The mean ages at operation in the TNS and control groups were 64.2 ± 10.7 and 64.1 ± 10.6 years, respectively (Table Demographics of patientsResults are the mean with a standard deviation. One patient in TNS group was lost at 3-year follow-up