CONSORT flow diagram of patients included in the study.
anxiety
The control group comprised patients who followed preoperative fasting guidelines of the ASA and ERAS Society. The gum group comprised patients who were allowed to chew gum freely during the preoperative fasting period. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. ERAS, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery.Baseline patient characteristics, including factors that could affect preoperative anxiety such as age, occupation, marital status, and previous experience with anesthesia or surgery were not different between the two groups (