Study Design
REGRESSION
This study enrolled 38,053 medical staff from 130 tertiary hospitals in Hunan province, China, between July and September 2021 based on a survey that was developed after an extensive literature review and consultations with investigators and senior professors. In addition, between September and October 2022, the survey was officially distributed by the Beijing Health Commission, and we included medical workers from 87 tertiary hospitals in Beijing in the analysis, resulting in a sample size of 26,285. The survey collected data on participants’ basic demographics, occupation, hospital information, the construction status of the hospital rule of law, and their knowledge of medical laws.The survey was distributed by the Hunan Provincial Health Commission to the lower-level health administrative departments. A sampling protocol was followed (more details can be found in Flowchart outlining the participants’ enrollment and study profile. Participants from the Hunan province were randomly divided into a training set and an internal validation set. The logistic regression model and 5 machine learning models were trained and optimized in the training set, and the internal validation set was used to internally validate the models. Participants from Beijing served as the external validation set. A scoring system was developed after incorporating 21 metrics to assess the prediction performance of the models.