2.2.3 Severe
cardiac failure, pneumonia, respiratory failure, infiltrates/ oedema, ARDS, respiratory distress
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, CARDIAC FAILURE, PNEUMONIA, LUNG COLLAPSE, FLUID OVERLOAD, POSITIVE, RESPIRATORY FAILURE, INFILTRATES, MILD ARDS, EFFUSIONS, OPACITIES, ARDS
Adolescent or adult with clinical signs of pneumonia plus one of the following: respiratory rate >30 breaths/min, severe respiratory distress, SpO2 <90% on room air.Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Onset: New or worsening respiratory symptoms within one week of clinical symptoms.Chest imaging (Chest X ray and portable bed side lung ultrasound): bilateral opacities, not fully explained by effusions, lobar or lung collapse, or nodules. Origin of pulmonary infiltrates: respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. Need objective assessment (e.g. echocardiography) to exclude hydrostatic cause of infiltrates/ oedema if no risk factor present.Oxygenation impairment in adults:Mild ARDS: 200 mmHg < PaO2/FiO2(PF) ≤ 300 mmHg (with Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) ≥5 cm H2O)Moderate ARDS: 100 mmHg < PF ≤200 mmHg with PEEP ≥5 cm H2O)