Measurement of biomarkers
TG
ADHESION
To assess changes in metabolism, multiple biomarkers including glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TG, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol (tChol), GGT, creatinine, uric acid, nonesterified fatty acids, glucagon, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM), s-E-selectin, GLP-1, peptide YY (PYY), IL 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were quantified in plasma using antibody-based and enzymatic methods, following manufacturer’s instructions. Insulin sensitivity indices such as HOMA-IR and HOMA for β-cell function (HOMA-β), and Matsuda index (MI) were calculated [