Authors’ contributions
CFL, TLL
CCH (first author), YK, CFL, and CCH (tenth author) designed and conceived this study. CJC and TLL performed the data processing, deployed the AI web service, integrated the HIS, tested the application, and launched the application in the HIS. CFL performed model training and testing and statistical analysis. CCH (third author), SLH, HJL, and JJW provided professional suggestions. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.