1. Introduction
osteoporosis
OSTEOPOROSIS
Falls are a serious health-related problem among men and women. It has been estimated that almost one-third of the older adult population has experienced at least one fall per year, and injuries from falling are more likely to occur as you age [The consequence of a fall in this population can be dangerous. In many cases, falling leads to severe limitations in daily activities and loss of independence in older adults, as well as implies an excessive burden on their families and the health care system [On the other hand, osteoporosis and decreased bone health are inevitable consequences of aging in women due to menopause [A wide range of research has examined the effects of several methods such as specific balance training and strength and functional training on balance improvement. The results showed that these kinds of interventions might produce small effects and benefits or be inapplicable in older adults [It may be necessary to add MI training to the physical training program so they are able to complete enough repetitions to have a beneficial effect since they may not be able to follow the recommended physical routine. However, the result of a recent review on this topic revealed that although these methods can improve balance in older adults, the effect size of these protocols is not clinically worthwhile [Furthermore, noninvasive brain stimulation has demonstrated effectiveness in improving balance and posture [The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of MI training combined with tDCS over the cerebellum on improving balance in middle-aged women.