Participants
INVASIVE BREAST CANCER
The study included women aged 18 years or older, with an ECOG performance status of 0–1, diagnosed with stage I–III invasive breast cancer. Patients were scheduled to commence neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, in conjunction with the Paxman Scalp Cooling System (Paxman Coolers Limited, Huddersfield, UK), to prevent or reduce CIA.The chemotherapy regimens encompassed a spectrum of options including dose dense or conventional Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide (ACdd or AC), followed by weekly or dose dense Paclitaxel (wP or Tdd); Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide (TC); Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab (TH); Docetaxel, Carboplatin, Trastuzumab, and Pertuzumab (TCHP); and the combination of AC-T with Trastuzumab.Regarding laboratory parameters, individuals were deemed ineligible if their hemoglobin levels were less than 10 g/dL, white blood cell counts were below 1.5 × 10