References
Facet Mindfulness, LMS
Study design. SPB, slow-paced breathing; M, mindfulness; SPB + M, yogic breathing.Study flow of the RCT.Heart rate variability (HRV) spectral power during the practice sessions at the virtual lab visits (VLV) before and after the intervention (top panels and lower left), and during the daily home practice sessions (lower right). For all figures, the data were averaged across all the available recordings for each participant and then averaged for the group.Comparative effects of the interventions on the HRV-derived breathing rate and self-reported mindfulness, plotted as the individual change from pre to post intervention (open circles and connected lines) and averaged for each group (thick lines). Although two M participants breathed at an average rate below 8 bpm, only SPB and SPB + M breathed at a rate centered at 6 bpm (0.1 Hz). Conversely, only the two mindfulness groups, M and SPB + M, showed a group-wise increase in the self-reported mindfulness scales. LMS, Langer Mindfulness Scale; FFMQ, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire.Demographic and baseline characteristics.Completion rates of digital daily sleep logs and practice logs.Outcomes of breathing and mindfulness at baseline (pre) and after 8 weeks of practice (post).