Subgroup Analysis
HL
There were 227/358 (63.4%) parents of the first child, 131/358 (36.6%) parents who had more than 1 child, 44/358 (12.3%) single parents, and 42/358 (11.7%) men. Details of the primary outcome by subgroup are presented in For parents of the first child, after the intervention, the proportion of parents with high HL increased, and the proportion of parents with fair to low HL decreased in the app group in most domains. Specifically, the increase in the health management domain was statistically significant (Among parents who had more than 1 child, after the intervention, the proportion of those with high HL increased, whereas the proportion of those with fair to low HL decreased in the app group for the following domains: access to health information and services (For single parents, after the intervention, the proportion of parents with high HL increased, and the proportion of parents with fair to low HL decreased in the app group for the total HL (For male parents, the proportions of HL category were not significantly different between groups and at both visits (high total HL at baseline 25/42, 60%; after the intervention 22/45, 49%) and in all domains (