Intention-to-treat analysis
From November 2021 to July 2022, 285 patients presenting with EGD and/or colonoscopy were screened for enrollment. Of these, 26 patients did not meet the eligibility criteria, 25 refused to participate, and six were excluded for other reasons (surgery was canceled; withdrawn by the treating physician). A total of 228 subjects underwent randomization. Three patients withdrew their consent after randomization. Thus, 225 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (Fig. 
Randomization flowchart of the study population
Comparison of the randomized groups on baseline variablesData are presented as mean ± SD, median [IQR] or number (proportion). Abbreviations:SMD,Standardized Mean Difference; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; TMD, thyromental distance; EGD, esophagogastroduodenoscopy. STOP-BANG questionnaire score (Table 