Recruitment and eligibility criteria
crowding teeth, enamel defects, orthodontic
RECRUITMENT, GINGIVAL DISEASES
Inclusion criteriaThe inclusion criteria were as follows:
Healthy children.Children aged 11–15 years.Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.Patients are during the active phase of orthodontic treatment.Patients with mild crowding teeth.Exclusion criteriaThe exclusion criteria were as follows:
Special health care needs patients.Patients with enamel defects.Patients with periodontal or gingival diseases.Forty‐eight patients from department of orthodontics were assessed for eligibility. An orthodontist standardized the records of patients that are during orthodontic treatment before recruitment. The investigator included healthy patients with no periodontal or gingival diseases according to periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index (Landry & Jean, 