4.2. Transcriptomic Analyses
RNA sequencing was conducted on frozen samples at the Beijing Genomics Institute using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 system (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), and sequences were aligned by using the Human Genome B38 library (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and the Gencode.V29 gene model (Gencode Project, EMBL-EBI). The fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads were generated, normalized, log2 transformed, and used for all downstream analyses.Pathway enrichment was performed using Hallmark gene sets from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB v7.2), which were generated using computational methodology and show coherent expression in well-defined biological states [