2.7. Body Composition
A whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic Discovery QDR Series 94994; Hologic, Inc.) scan was performed for determination of body composition. The DXA scanner was calibrated prior to each use by the same trained and licensed technician. The scan provided values for total fat mass, total lean mass, body fat percentage, peripheral lean mass, peripheral fat mass, an estimate of android and gynoid fat mass distribution, bone density, bone density z-score and bone mineral mass. All DXA scans were analyzed by a single operator to minimize variance in the results.