2. Materials and Methods
AD
This study, conducted from 2020 to 2022, was a double-blinded, randomized, active-controlled trial evaluating the effects of multi-strain probiotic intervention in patients with AD. The clinical trial received approval from the En Chu Kong hospital’s institutional review board (ECKIRB1080701) and was registered on the US clinical trials website under NCT05145881. All patients or their family members provided signed informed consent before participating.