Ethics approval and consent to participate
CROSS
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kushiro Red Cross Hospital (Hokkaido, Japan) and is registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000019825). The trial was conducted from February 2014 to July 2017 at Kushiro Red Cross Hospital, Japan, which is affiliated with the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine of Asahikawa Medical University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants at least 24 h before the operation.