Beck depression inventory—II (BDI-II)
depression, Depression, depressive symptoms
We used BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory—II) in order to measure the occurrence and severity of depression symptoms. This tool is a patient-rated 21-item inventory and participants are required to rate on a Likert scale from 0 to 3 the severity of the depressive symptoms occurring in the last 2 weeks. The obtained scores can range from 0 to 63. The BDI-II has the following clinical cutoff points: 0–13: no depression; 14–19: mild depression; 20–28: moderate depression; 29–63: severe depression. The BDI-II has established psychometric properties (