Randomization and concealment
With the aid of SPSS software (version: 14.0) (SPSS Institute, Hefei, Anhui Medical University), permuted-block randomization was carried out based on a computer system that used an allotment list to produce random numbers (in a one-to-one ratio). This was carried out by a statistician who was not a member of the research team to maintain the integrity and blinding of the research. The outcomes of the random sampling process were enclosed in prenumbered envelopes and kept at the location of the research until the study’s conclusion was reached. All patients were randomized upon admission to the hospital when they were diagnosed and determined to require surgery by two senior surgeons. All of the occurrences were recorded in detail. Then, we acquired information on the patient's demographics, medical histories, and pertinent investigation findings.