NLP Development and Model Training
We collected a training data set of 4642 EHR notes from 150 participants in a previous pilot trial of a similar patient- and clinician-facing communication-priming intervention at the same study hospitals (Project to Improve Communication About Serious Illness—Pilot Study [PICSI-P]) (eTable 1 in We used the training data set to train Bio+ClinicalBERT, a publicly available and freely distributed deep-learning NLP model, to predict the presence of documented goals-of-care discussions in EHR text (eMethods in 