Study outcomes
edema, redness, ecchymosis, pain
POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE, ADVERSE EVENTS, EDEMA, DISEASE, SECONDARY, PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATION, ECCHYMOSIS, COMPLICATIONS

The primary outcome, perineal pain following repair of episiotomy at 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours after surgery, and on the day 2, day 11, week 6, and week 12 were noted using the visual analogue scale (VAS). VAS of 0–4 was graded as no pain, 5–44 as mild pain, 45–74 as moderate pain and 75–100 as severe pain.
The secondary endpoints, quantity of local anesthesia, number of sutures used, time to repair episiotomy, intraoperative suture handling, post-episiotomy number and dosage of analgesics, early and late wound complications,
The intraoperative suture handling was assessed using parameters like ease of passage through tissue, first-throw knot holding, knot tie-down smoothness, knot security, stretch capacity, memory, suture fraying on a five-point scale: 1 poor; 2 fair; 3 good; 4 very good; and 5 excellent. Wound healing was assessed by the standardized and valid REEDA (redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, and approximation) scoring scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 15. A lower score indicates better healing at the episiotomy site and higher score shows poor healing processes. Any unanticipated clinical signs, medical condition, disease or injury during the study period, which were already captured as study endpoints were not labeled and reported as adverse events.Other standard details about the duration of second stage of labor, length of incision, number of layers closed, suture related challenges, perioperative complications, postpartum hemorrhage, outcome of surgery, length of hospital stay, antibiotic prophylaxis, suture loosening, feeling of slight stitches, and suture sent for culture were also recorded. In addition, the prescribed/concomitant medications during the study period were also noted.