2.3. Participants and Eligibility Criteria
mental illness, fasting blood glucose, thyroid disease, drug addiction, gastritis, arthritis, pain, allergies, depression, schizophrenia, diabetes
UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION, DEGENERATION, PERIARTICULAR OSTEOPHYTE, THYROID DISEASE, GASTRITIS, ARTHRITIS, ALLERGIES, GASTRIC ULCER, DISEASES, DEGENERATIVE ARTHRITIS, DIABETES
Participants for this clinical trial were recruited through online and offline advertisements for joint health. Korean men and women selected for inclusion were between the ages of 30 and 75 years with a Korean pain Visual Analog Scale (K-VAS) score of ≥30 mm [Potential participants were excluded if they had the following: (1) arthritis caused by specific factors other than degeneration as determined by the investigator; (2) joint spacing of ≤2 mm; (3) periarticular osteophyte phenomena, irregular articular surface, or subchondral bone cysts of the joints with moderate arthritis; (4) clinically significant cardiovascular, immune, infectious, and oncologic diseases; (5) concurrent treatment for gastritis or gastric ulcer; (6) uncontrolled hypertension (>160/100 mm Hg); (7) uncontrolled diabetes (fasting blood glucose > 180 mg/dL or starting a new diabetes medication within previous 3 months); (8) thyroid disease (thyroid stimulating hormone of <0.1 μU/mL or ≥10 μU/mL); (9) aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase levels > 3 times the upper limit of normal; (10) creatinine level > 2 times the upper limit of normal; (11) pregnant or lactating women; (12) used arthritis-related medicines or dietary supplements within 2 weeks of screening; (13) mental illness (schizophrenia, depression, drug addiction, etc.); (14) received treatment for degenerative arthritis within 2 weeks of screening; (15) participated or planned to participate in other clinical trials within 2 months of baseline; (16) sensitivities or allergies to krill oil, astaxanthin, or HA; (17) been deemed inappropriate for study participation by the investigator.