Background
postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting
Acute postoperative pain is one of the major challenges for the anesthesiologists [Compared to adults, children should receive analgesia through the most comfortable and least painful method available. The oral administration of analgesics is straightforward and has demonstrated good effectiveness in various settings. However, the oral route is often unsuitable for postoperative pain relief immediately after surgery due to the risk of nausea and vomiting or a slow return to normal gastric function [Morphine is the most widely utilized opioid in PCA for children in western countries and serves as the benchmark against which other analgesics are evaluated in clinical trials [Oxycodone stands out among analgesics as a full agonist of both µ- and κ-opioid receptors [In this study, we propose that oxycodone-based PCIA can provide postoperative pain relief in pediatric patients effectively and safely. We chose not to use morphine as a positive control due to its low acceptance rate of only 14.8% among pediatric patients in China, compared to higher rates for sufentanil (70.4%), fentanyl (66.7%), and tramadol (59.3%) [