QS RT in combination with immunotherapy
cancer, tumor
CANCER, TUMOR
The tumor microenvironment is characterized by changes that shield cancer cells from immune recognition and targeting.Palliative hypofractionated RT induces changes in the immunoregulatory microenvironment, such as increased tumor immunogenicity, induction of MHCs, alteration of cytokine expression and changes in T-cell and antigen-presenting cell function.Hypofractionated RT (e.g., QS) is considered to optimally synergize with immune checkpoint inhibition.