Study population
liver dysfunction, tachyarrhythmia, respiratory tract infections, heart dysfunction, allergies, renal insufficiency, prostatic hypertrophy
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS, NARROW-ANGLE GLAUCOMA, HEART DYSFUNCTION, ALLERGIES, RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY, HEART
The study included patients aged over 50 years who were undergoing thoracic surgery with OLV lasting expected to more than 45 min. Participants were required to have an American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status of 1–3 and a postoperative hospital stay of at least 3 days to be eligible for participation. Patients were excluded from the study if they met any of the following criteria: (1) inability to cooperate during inhalation therapy, (2) moderate-to-severe symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy or narrow-angle glaucoma, (3) history of a previous myocardial infarction, severe heart dysfunction (New York Heart Association classification > 3), or tachyarrhythmia within the past 3 months, (4) presence of severe respiratory tract infections with low and thick sputum, (5) severe renal insufficiency requiring renal replacement therapy, (6) severe liver dysfunction (Child–Pugh class C), (7) recent use of anticholinergic drugs on the day before surgery, (8) prohibition from using PEEP, and (9) refused to participate in the trial. Additionally, patients taking other intraoperative anticholinergic drugs, those whose surgeries were cancelled, and patients who experienced serious allergies during surgery were considered as dropout criteria.