Conclusion and perspectives
T2D, weight loss
Among adults with T2D within 7 years of diagnosis, exercise in addition to diet-induced weight loss increases late-phase DI across a 16-week intervention. The most pronounced benefits were observed with exercise six times per week.The direction of the exercise effects on the oral DI and oral ISI are consistent with an additional benefit when added to diet-induced weight loss. In contrast to the linear dose–response relationship observed with glucose stimulation only, the oral DI and oral ISI displayed a curve-linear relationship with diminished returns when comparing three and six exercise sessions per week. Hence, data from the meal stimulation suggest that increasing the exercise dose beyond three times per week may be redundant to gain additional benefits of exercise on beta-cell function when performed in conjunction with diet-induced weight loss. Further research is needed to confirm this.