Biochemical outcome parameters
Biochemical outcome parameters were the maximum concentrations and areas under the curve of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (Severance Hospital), troponin I (SNUH and AMC), and creatine kinase MB (all three participating hospitals) measured within 72 h after surgery, and the first postoperative serum lactate concentration (all three participating hospitals). The postoperative protocols for measurements of these outcome parameters are summarized in Additional file 