Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
CORTEX
Through the 3In M1 and DLPFC conditions, the current was gradually ramped up for 30 s, maintained at 2 mA for 20 min, and then progressively ramped down for 30 s. In the sham condition, the montage was the same as the DLPFC condition, and the same 30 s ramping up and down was used, but the 2-mA current was only maintained for 30 s. This sham protocol has been used in previous studies and has been shown to induce similar sensations as the active tDCS protocol [The brain current flow during tDCS was calculated using a finite element model (FEM) following the standard pipeline in SimNIBS 4.0.0 [tDCS-induced electric field on brain areas for the study montages. tDCS-induced electric field on brain areas for the montages targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (top line) and primary motor cortex representation of the lower limbs (bottom line). Anodal (red rectangle) and cathodal (blue rectangle) electrodes placed over the scalp (