Provider characteristics
The 13 sites involved in the CTN0080 study employed a wide variety of clinicians and staff, including physicians (OB/GYN, Maternal Fetal Medicine [MFM], psychiatrists, addiction medicine specialists, other), other medical clinicians (nurse practitioners, physician assistants, other nurses), nonmedical clinicians (psychologists, social workers, addictions and mental health counselors), and peer support specialists to provide comprehensive medical, psychosocial, and recovery care services. On average, physicians contributed 1.7 (S.D. 1.2) full-time equivalents (FTEs) to the sites, while other medical clinicians contributed an average of 2.4 (S.D. 1.4) FTEs. Nonmedical clinicians contributed an average of 1.8 (S.D. 1.3) FTEs. On average, sites utilized 5.3 (S.D. 2.9) physicians to prescribe BUP, while 6 sites (46.2 %) also employed nurse practitioners and 2 sites (15.4 %) employed physician assistants to prescribe BUP.