Inclusion and exclusion criteria
pilon fractures, wire or external fixation, fracture, pilon fracture, trimalleolar ankle fracture, Trauma
PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURE
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our Institute (NO. 2021-K-241-01) in accordance with the guiding principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All electronic medical records and image data were anonymised and personal identifiers were completely removed.Patients who underwent surgical treatment for pilon fractures in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2021 were included in this retrospective study. The inclusion criteria were: (1) age ≥ 18 years; (2) the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) 43 pilon fracture; (3) closed fracture; (4) underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); (5) complete clinical data. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) open fracture; (2) pathological fracture; (3) tibia shaft fracture; (4) trimalleolar ankle fracture; (5) conservative treatment; (6) kirschner wire or external fixation. Finally, a total of 516 pilon fracture patients were enrolled in our study.