Statistical analysis
The data are presented as numbers (proportions) for categorical variables and means (standard deviations) or medians (interquartile ranges) for continuous variables, depending on the normality of their distributions evaluated with the Shapiro–Wilk test. We used the Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test to compare categorical variables and Student’s Since rescue vasopressor administered before bladder hydrodistention can cause an elevation of blood pressure, we performed a post hoc subgroup analysis on the patients who were not administered rescue vasopressors.All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS statistical software for Windows, version 25.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) and R version 4.0.3 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). We considered a P value less than 0.05 as statistically significant.