Assessment
agitation, adverse behavior, nausea, pain
The primary outcome was the presence of NPOBC on postoperative day 3. NPOBC was assessed by the PHBQ (Supplemental Table Parents completed the PHBQ on postoperative day 3 in order to avoid the influence of first two days agitation, significant pain or nausea on questionnaire response. In addition, all of children remained hospitalized at the time of assessment, and the doctor visits the ward for postoperative follow-up, which can explain to parents how to fill out the questionnaire and discover adverse behavior in hospitalized children.