Background
TIA, dysglycaemia, T2DM, diabetes
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, CVD, EVENT, IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, UNSTABLE ANGINA, INSULIN RESISTANCE, EVENTS, HEART FAILURE, TYPE 2 DIABETES, TIA, DIABETES
Increased insulin resistance and impaired β-cell function appear before the onset of overt type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and are already present in states preceding diabetes such as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) [Recently large randomised controlled studies have proven that sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) protect against CV events, especially heart failure, and mortality in patients with T2DM and high CV risk or heart failure, not only through their favourable impact on traditional, atherogenic CV risk factors (e.g., glycaemia, body weight, blood pressure) but possibly also by improving myocardial function and metabolism [The present objectives were to (i) investigate the effects of the SGLT2i empagliflozin on insulin resistance/sensitivity and β-cell function in patients with a recent acute coronary event and newly detected dysglycaemia, i.e., IGT or T2DM; (ii) determine whether this effect, if present, is associated with an improvement in myocardial performance and structure; (iii) investigate whether the potential impact of empagliflozin is long-lasting after cessation of the drug.
Baseline characteristics of the trial cohort. Data presented are numbers (%) or mean (standard deviation) for normally distributed variables and median (Q1-Q3) for skewed variables** Defined as a close relative with CVD or T2DM at < 60 years of age and based on self-reported information in standardized questionnairesMI, myocardial infarction; UA, unstable angina; TIA, transitory ischaemic attack; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; T2DM, type 2 diabetes; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker