Ratings of perceived pain
pain
As in the placebo condition, participants rated the thermal stimulation as significantly less intense after active relief winning in the wheel of fortune task, and as significantly more intense after receiving phasic pain increases (‘losing’) compared to the respective passive control condition under levodopa (pairwise comparisons: win: test vs. control p<0.001, Moreover, the effect of active relief or increases on pain modulation was differentially modulated by the drugs (