Measurement of covariates and self-reported diet
In the MedLey trial, questionnaires and physical examination were used to collect data on baseline characteristics. Self-reported diet was measured with 3-day weighed food diaries. Intakes of energy and ethanol were estimated using a local nutrient database [In the EPIC study, questionnaires and physical examination were used at baseline to collect standardised information on covariates, including sociodemographic, medical and health behavioural factors, and anthropometry. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured at baseline in all EPIC centres, except for Umea, Sweden, where waist circumference was not measured (As a measure of self-reported adherence to the Mediterranean diet, we used a score that EPIC-InterAct previously derived (