Background
tooth retention, type II diabetes mellitus, odontogenic, necrotic
TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS, PROLIFERATION, DISEASE, CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS, NECROTIC
The aims of treatment in non-vital immature teeth are the resolution of disease, tooth retention, and, if possible, promotion of continued root development [REPs owe their success mainly to the stem cells, signaling molecules, and a 3-dimensional physical scaffold, which empowers the empty canal to support the ingrowth of new tissues from the periapical area [In REPs, the necrotic root canals are disinfected to help the tissue proliferation into this space. The most commonly used intra-canal medicament in endodontic regeneration is triple antibiotic paste (TAP), which is a combination of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline. However, to avoid the discoloration caused by minocycline in the TAP, double antibiotic paste (DAP), a combination of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin, has been suggested and successfully used in endodontic regeneration [Metformin, an antidiabetic biguanide medication, is widely used to treat type II diabetes mellitus by controlling blood sugar levels [A clinical study showed that 1% metformin gel significantly improved the clinical and radiographic parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis [Despite the approved ability of metformin for the differentiation of dental papilla cells into odontogenic cells, no study has ever investigated its application in the root canal system to help regeneration. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding metformin to DAP on REPs in immature non-vital teeth. The null hypothesis was that adding metformin would not affect the success of regeneration in non-vital teeth.