Introduction
cancer, death, NENs
NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASM, MALIGNANCIES, CANCER
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) constitute a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies that arise from the diffuse neuroendocrine cell system and most frequently occur in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract and lungSystemic treatment for advanced well-differentiated grade 1 and 2 NENs includes somatostatin analogues, interferon, radionuclides, chemotherapy, targeted kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sunitinib, and everolimusImmune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has changed the paradigm in many cancer typesCurrently, the dual targeting of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 seems to overcome resistance to single-agent immunotherapy in other cancer typesIn this work, we aim to evaluate the potential activity and safety of the combination of durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) and tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4) in specific cohorts of patients with advanced NENs (DUNE).