4.2. Dietary Intakes of DHA and AA and Neurodevelopmental Outcome
In the present study, we found that higher DHA and AA intakes during the first year of life were significantly associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months CA, but not at 24 months CA. So far, only one study investigated the association between DHA intake during CF and neurodevelopmental outcome; however, that study was in healthy full term infants. In the PINGU (Polyunsaturated fatty acids in child nutrition—a German multimodal optimization study) trial infants received ready-made complementary foods with either ALA-rich rapeseed oil (IG-R), salmon (two times per week) to provide preformed DHA (IG-F) or LA-rich corn oil (control group). Infants in the IG-F group showed enhanced DHA and EPA serum levels [In the present study, median DHA intake was very low and current recommendations (100 mg/d) [