Statistical analyses
CVD
We summarized participant characteristics and outcomes data with standard descriptive statistics using mean and standard deviation (SD) and median and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables (after examining the skewness of data) and frequency (%) for categorical variables. Data analyses were performed for all participants using the participant level data first, then by subgroups of sex or high versus low Lp(a) levels. The cutoff point separating high and low Lp(a) was defined as 50 mg/dl based on recent guidelines that identified it as a risk-enhancing factor in the development of CVD (