Methods
respiratory disease, pain
RESPIRATORY DISEASE, PLACENTA ACCRETA, OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA, HEARING IMPAIRMENT, PLACENTA PREVIA, PATHOLOGY
This randomized controlled trial adheres to the applicable Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines and was approved by the SingHealth Centralized Institutional Review Board (2017/2930) on 27/10/2017 and registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03415620) on 30/01/2018. We included healthy parturients aged 21 to 50 years old with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 2, and undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, a specialist obstetric center in Singapore. Parturients with hearing impairment, significant respiratory disease and obstructive sleep apnea, conversion to general anesthesia due to surgical/ anesthesia complication/wearing off spinal anesthesia effect due to prolonged surgery timing, patients with placenta previa and placenta accreta pathology and who were unable to understand the pain and psychological assessment questionnaires were excluded.