Methods
CMT, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, NPDR, 78D
NON-PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, LENS, INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE, COMPLICATIONS
After obtaining complete medical and ocular history, all included patients were subjected to full ophthalmological examination including unaided and best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination for anterior segment, intraocular pressure (IOP) measuring using applanation tonometry and fundus examination using slit-lamp biomicroscopy using Volk 78D fundus lens. Fluorescein angiography was done, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed using (Topcon 3D-OCT-2000 (FA Plus), Tokyo, Japan). Central macular thickness (CMT) represented thickness at the point of intersection of the six radial scans of the OCT, while average macular thickness (AMT) denoted thickness in the central 1000 μm diameter area of the macula.All the included patients received three consecutive monthly injections of intravitreal ranibizumab The patients were followed up every 4 weeks. At each visit, patients were undergone unaided and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured using LogMar, slit-lamp examination for anterior segment, IOP measuring using applanation tonometry and fundus examination. Central and average macular thickness were measured by OCT and reported at first, third and sixth months. Each patient had followed up chart divided into squares numbered by month days to ensure patient compliance with eye drops twice daily. Success was measured by improvement in BCVA, decrease signs of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), decrease macular thickness in OCT, decrease number of intravitreal injections or increase duration of reinjection.The number of intravitreal injections (IVR) was compared between the study groups and reinjection was administered based on the “as-needed” protocol if average macular thickness was 300 μm or more and visual acuity was not improved. Complications of injections as well as side effects of topical treatment during follow-up period were monitored and reported.