2.2. Participants, Eligibility Criteria, and Settings
inferior alveolar nerve block, postoperative pain, pulpitis, edema, perforation, radiolucency, postoperative edema, pain, fistula, pulpal necrosis, tooth
EDEMA, PULPITIS
The inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 65 years, ASA class I physical health status [The exclusion criteria were emergency cases, presence of radiolucency on the radiograph, presence of edema and fistula, use of more than 2 anesthetic cartridges for inferior alveolar nerve block or supplemental injections during the endodontic procedure, noticing pulpal necrosis in general or in one canal after initiation of treatment, not being able to complete endodontic treatment of the respective tooth within a 2-hour single session, iatrogenic errors during treatment (such as perforation, accidental overinstrumentation, or extension of root filling material into the periapical region or beyond the working length), postoperative edema and the need for postoperative antibiotic therapy, and noncompliant patients not precisely reporting the postoperative pain scores.The sample consisted of 64 eligible patients with mandibular first or second molars with irreversible pulpitis and moderate to severe pain presenting to the Endodontics Department of School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.