Definition
hospital-acquired bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, infection, catheter-related bloodstream infections, CRPA
CATHETER-ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION, PNEUMONIA, EVENT, INFECTION, EVENTS, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
An event was defined as a positive result for CRGNB from a clinical culture. The event date was the date of the earliest positive clinical culture. A patient was classified as having a new event if they had stayed in the ICU > 2 days, had no history of colonization or infection during the previous year, had no positive clinical culture within 2 days after admission to the ICU, and if admitted to an intervention ICU, a negative surveillance culture was obtained within 2 days of admission. Days at risk were calculated from the date of the third day in the ICU through the event date or the date two days after discharge from the ICU, whichever was later.The primary outcome was the ICU-level incidence of new events per 1000 ICU patient-days at risk. Secondary ICU-level outcomes were the incidences of new events with CRPA, CRAB, or CRE calculated separately and the incidences of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections, catheter-related bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and in-ICU mortality. We also performed subgroup analysis of individual ICUs for new events per 1000 ICU patient-days at risk. In addition, we compared new events per 1000 ICU patient-days at risk between periods 1 and 2. For the evaluation of economic impacts, we also compared the lengths of hospital and ICU stays and the costs of hospitalization between the intervention and control periods.Outbreak was defined as ≥ 3 cases of acquisition of CRGNB within 2 weeks. If surveillance and post-outbreak surveillance were performed in the control period because of a CRGNB outbreak, we excluded the ICU in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis.