Target population
COMPLICATIONS
Sub-national locations (i.e. region, state, districts, province, blocks) were selected in collaboration with the MoHs. For example, in some instances, the MoH considered locations with high or low performanceAdditionally, the following exclusion criteria were applied:Health facilities where the management does not agree to participate in the study,Health workers who do not consent (qualitative components),Women who do not provide consent (all study components),Women who do not reside in the catchment area of selected healthcare facilities (Burkina Faso and India),Women who also sought ANC services from non-public health platforms, such as the private sector (Rwanda),Girls under 14 years old (Burkina Faso & India),For the cohort study:women at more than 20 weeks of gestation,women with pre-identified complications.