Participants
URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI), ACUTE PROSTATITIS
All patients undergoing transrectal PB were eligible for inclusion. Patients were recruited between April 2018 and July 2021. Written informed consent was obtained. Exclusion criteria were: (1) contraindication for ciprofloxacin; (2) contraindication for selected prophylactic antibiotics used as alternatives for ciprofloxacin; (3) urinary tract infection (UTI) or acute prostatitis within 14 days before biopsy; (4) antibiotic use after rectal swab collection and before PB; (5) absence of (reliable) rectal swab to guide prophylaxis; (6) repeat PB within 7 days; and (7) inability to understand the nature of the trial and procedures required.