Background
prolonged labor
PROLONGED LABOR, COMPLICATIONS, FETAL DISTRESS
Globally cesarean section rates increased from around 7% in 1990 to 21% in 2018, and if this trend continues, by 2030 the highest rates are likely to be in Eastern Asia (63%), Latin America, Caribbean (54%), Western Asia (50%), Northern Africa (48%) Southern Europe (47%) and Australia and New Zealand (45%) [In Iran, recent studies reported about seven-fold increase in the cesarean section rate; from less than 7% in the 1970s to over 48% in 2018 [Cesarean section such as any other surgeries could lead to a variety of complications and was commonly performed for mothers with history of previous cesarean section, fetal distress, and prolonged labor [Labor monitoring and predicting the likelihood of vaginal birth following induction has become important in this era of personalized medicine, not just from women’s perspectives, but also to ensure optimal allocation of healthcare resources [Recent studies demonstrated that ultrasound techniques are very helpful in the measurement of labor progression parameters [