Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
S; HEMOGLOBIN, INSULIN RESISTANCE
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); DCR, daily calorie restriction; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (calculated as insulin × glucose/405, where the unit of measure for insulin is in microinternational units per milliliter and the unit of measure for glucose is milligrams per deciliter); LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MET, metabolic equivalent; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SF-12, 12-item Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire; TRE, time-restricted eating.SI conversion factors: To convert glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555; cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C, and total) to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259; hemoglobin ANo. (%) of missing values. At baseline: fat mass, 1 (1%); lean mass, 1 (1%). At 6 months: weight, 7 (8%); BMI, 7 (8%); waist circumference, 7 (8%); systolic blood pressure, 7 (8%); diastolic blood pressure, 7 (8%); fat mass, 7 (8%); lean mass, 7 (8%); visceral fat area, 7 (8%); subcutaneous fat area, 7 (8%); plasma glucose, 7 (8%); total cholesterol, 7 (8%); triglycerides, 7 (8%); LDL-C, 7 (8%); and HDL-C, 7 (8%). At 12 months: weight, 14 (16%); BMI, 14 (16%); waist circumference, 15 (17%); systolic blood pressure, 15 (17%); diastolic blood pressure, 15 (17%); fat mass, 18 (20%); lean mass, 18 (20%); visceral fat area, 15 (17%); subcutaneous fat area, 15 (17%); plasma glucose, 15 (17%); total cholesterol, 15 (17%); triglycerides, 15 (17%); LDL-C, 15 (17%); and HDL-C, 15 (17%).The mean (SD) percentage of days that participants adhered to both the prescribed calories and eating period was 85.0% (10.7%) in the TRE group and 85.7% (9.4%) in the DCR group during 12 months (eTable 1 in 