Determination of Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies (DSA) and Non-HLA Antibodies
ABMR
WEST
All patients were screened for DSA and non-HLA antibodies at time of biopsy, as well as 7, 30, and 90 days post-biopsy if serum was available for analysis. Luminex technology was employed to determine HLA antibodies using the LABScreen Single Antigen kit of One Lambda/Thermo Fisher Scientific (West Hills, CA). MFI cutoff of >500 or >1,000 was used to identify DSA against mismatched donor HLA. Testing for non-HLA antibodies included antibodies targeting the major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and endothelin receptor subtype A (ETA). MICA antibodies were detected with the LABScreen Mixed kit of One Lambda/Thermo Fisher Scientific (West Hills, CA), whereas AT1R and ETA antibodies were determined with AT1R-IgG-Antibody-ELISA and ETAR-IgG-Antibody-ELISA, respectively (both kits were obtained from CellTrend, Luckenwalde, Germany). Anti-MICA antibodies were found to be associated with ABMR and 