Ethics statement
GDM
GDM
National Institute for Medical Research Development under Grant Agreement No IR.NIMAD.REC.1394.013 has been approved and funded the study (but did not involve in the study). In addition, the national ethics committee of the National Institute for Medical Research Development approved the study protocol (Approval number: IR.NIMAD.REC.1394.013) and the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) approved the study protocol. The pre-specified GDM modalities were made available to all those provinces as mandatory guidelines. Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.