2.5. Resistance Exercise
All participants performed resistance exercise at 60–70% of 1-repetition maximum (RM) for 60 min per day, 6 days per week for 4 weeks. The exercise program consisted of 5 min of warm-up, 50 min of main exercise, and 5 min of cool-down exercise, and 1 day of rest was taken after 6 days of exercise. The exercise program was divided into chest, back, shoulder, arm, abdomen, and lower-body exercises. The daily exercise program was split into a combination of upper- and lower-body exercises. To gradually increase the intensity, exercise was performed at 60% of the 1-RM in weeks 1 and 2 and 70% of the 1-RM in weeks 3 and 4. All participants were advised to refrain from any additional exercises other than the exercise program conducted in this study.