Costing Resource Categories
We used standard resource categories, based on an overarching division between capital (fixed) and recurring (variable) costs over a one-year time period (except for per-participant costs, which were calculated over three months, the typical intervention duration). Capital costs included hardware and software investments (e.g., laptop computers and mobile phone and connectivity equipment and cloud storage), costs for developing the SMS and IVR programs with a local technology company, as well as office equipment and initial staff training. Recurring costs were divided into three main categories: staff salaries and benefits; connectivity and technology support (office network); and other field office costs (office consumables; cell-phone air time).