2.6. Statistical Analysis
All values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis of each parameter was carried out using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures (time × group). One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in changes from baseline to 12 weeks among the four groups. A post hoc comparison test was used to correct for multiple comparisons (two-tailed Fisher’s post hoc test) when the analyses revealed significant differences. The relationships between changes in serum C1q levels and echo intensity in the rectus femoris from baseline to 12-week interventions were determined via Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Statistical significance was defined as (The required sample size for using repeated-measures ANOVA to examine comparisons between the four groups before and after the 12-week intervention with α set at 0.05 and power at 0.80 was 48 participants (12 in each group), as calculated using G*Power (ver. 3.1.9.6).