Association of obesity measures with health outcomes
obesity
OBESITY
The list of variables included in the Stepwise Variable Selection can be found in Table Additional file Association of BMI, WHR, WC, and WC adjusted for HC with (For MACE-3, WHR was found to be a significant independent risk factor (HR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.21; p = 0.009), as was WC (HR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22; p = 0.012) in the fully adjusted model. The analysis of WC adjusted for HC emerged as the strongest risk factor for MACE-3 (HR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.46; p = 0.002). When either BMI, WHR, and WC or BMI, WC, and HC were included together, the resulting multivariable models did not identify any obesity measure (including WC adjusted for HC) as being significantly associated with MACE-3.For CVD-related mortality, WHR was identified as a significant risk factor (HR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.36; p = 0.010). WC was not significant when included alone (p = 0.057) but became significant when adjusted for HC, with the strongest association of the four measures for CVD-related mortality (HR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.64; p = 0.007). In the model investigating BMI, WHR, and WC together, only WHR was included via the selection process, resulting in the same final model as the respective single model (HR = 1.19; 95%-CI 1.04 to 1.36; p = 0.010). In the model investigating BMI, WC, and HC together, none of the obesity measures were selected. However, when HC was forced into the model, WC was selected, resulting in the same final model as above (HR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.64; p = 0.007).For all-cause mortality, WC emerged as a significant risk factor (HR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.20; p = 0.047) and remained significant when adjusted for HC, with the largest HR (HR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.38; p = 0.049). In both models investigating a combination of three obesity measures, none of them were included via the selection process. This did not change in the latter model when HC was a forced factor.BMI was a significant independent risk factor for HF requiring hospitalization (Fig. In all models no significant interaction with sex was observed.