Tamoxifen modulates the pro-apoptotic integrated stress response in JAK2
Cellular stress, such as nutrient deprivation, unfolded protein response (UPR), redox imbalance, or mitochondrial stress, trigger a self-adaptive program named integrated stress response (ISR), which is characterized by the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF2α) on Ser51, leading to globally attenuated cytosolic translation and preferential translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)