Introduction
hematoma, bruising, pain
HEMATOMA, COMPLICATION
Today, medications are given by the oral and parenteral routes. One method of parenteral drug administration is subcutaneous injection, the method of introducing the medications under the dermis into the adipose tissue. The types of medication generally administered by the subcutaneous route are vaccinations, insulin, hormones and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)Generally occurring local side effects of the administration of LMWH by the subcutaneous route are reported to be bruising, hematoma and pain at the injection site. One complication frequently complained of by patients is pain; this is caused by the presence of pain receptors in the subcutaneous tissueIn health institutions, one of the most important responsibilities of nurses is the safe administration of medicationsRecently, the use of the coughing technique as a different non-pharmacological method in the management of pain developing from various invasive procedures has attracted attention. It is underlined that this technique is easy to learn, does not take time, and does not involve extra cost or equipmentThe coughing technique increases intrathoracic pressure and stimulation of the autonomic nervous system, thereby causing an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, a higher level of pressure in the subarachnoid space and baroreceptor activationIn observing the administration of subcutaneous LMWH injection administration in the clinical setting, it is seen that there is much indecision on the part of nurses as to which technique should be used to increase satisfaction and to manage the pain which develops in relation to this frequently administered injection. In particular, in addition to factors such as an excessive amount of work, a large number of patients and a shortage of time, it was observed that there was a big gap in knowledge of the use of an effective technique which was easy for nurses to use, was simple, and did not involve equipment or cost, to increase individual satisfaction and reduce the pain relating to subcutaneous LMWH injections. Recently, despite reports that the coughing technique is effective in controlling the pain arising from invasive procedures