Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Five-minute HRV measurements were taken during the baseline and week-12 assessments. Participants were instructed to remain seated and breathe normally for 5 min for the duration of the HRV measurement. The Kubios HRV scientific software program (Version 4.0.2), Kubios Oy, and Polar H10 heart rate sensor were used at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. For the Kubios software, automatic beat correction was set at medium with a 5% acceptance threshold, the RR time series interpolation rate was 4 Hz, and the RR interval detrending method was set at smoothness priors to remove very low-frequency trend components with a smoothness parameter of 500. The root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) measurement was calculated since it is one of the most commonly reported short-term measures of HRV (