Introduction
nausea, dyspnea, Cardiovascular disease, pain, postoperative death
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING, COLD, RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS, COLD, COMPLICATIONS
Cardiovascular disease is one of the major health challenges [Cardiac surgery is a common treatment for cardiovascular disease [Ineffective pain management among patients with cardiac surgery can increase the risk of postoperative respiratory complications such as reduced respiratory muscle strength, reduced lung volume and capacity, reduced effectiveness of coughing, and increased risk of respiratory infections. These complications negatively affect postoperative recovery and are among the major causes of postoperative death [There are many different pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management methods. Pharmacological methods (such as opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are usually associated with different side effects such as dyspnea, nausea, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, non-pharmacological methods are usually preferred for pain management [Cold compress is a common non-pharmacological method for managing CTR-associated pain. It is among the oldest, easiest, and safest pain management methods [TENS is another non-pharmacological method for pain management [Several studies reported the effectiveness of cold compress in reducing CTR-associated pain [