Discussion
diabetes mellitus, T2DM, diabetes
DIABETES MELLITUS, PERIODONTAL DISEASE, COMPLICATIONS, DIABETES
Recently, numerous studies have investigated the effect of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of periodontal disease. Some studies have shown additional benefits after combined treatment with non-surgical periodontal therapy and aPDT [Our study showed an improvement in periodontal clinical parameters in both groups. In addition, both groups showed a similar reduction in probing pocket depth (PPD) and a similar increase in clinical attachment level. However, when comparing the groups, the difference was not statistically significant. This result was comparable to two other studies [However, a few studies showed a statistically significant reduction in BOP [Numerous studies have confirmed that diabetes mellitus increases the risk of periodontal disease and that, on the other hand, periodontal disease impairs glycaemic control and increases the risk of complications of diabetes [In our study, both groups showed a reduction in HbA1c, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant.Furthermore, few studies investigated the effect of concomitant aPDT on glycaemic control. The 2016 “split-mouth” study by Castro dos Santos et al. showed no statistically significant effect of aPDT on glycaemic control [To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to evaluate microbiological parameters when investigating the effect of supplemental aPDT in patients with T2DM. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of positive sites for The low prevalence of The comparison between the groups showed a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of positive sites for The results of clinical studies on the effect of adjunctive aPDT on periodontal pathogenic bacteria are contradictory. In 2015, Moreira et al. compared SRP and SRP + aPDT and showed a statistically significant reduction of four periodontal pathogens (As mentioned above, few clinical studies investigated the effect of additional aPDT using ICG as a photosensitizer. In an in vitro study, Boehm and Ciancio found rapid and significant uptake of ICG into periodontal pathogens and activation with an 810-nm diode laser resulted in significant destruction of It is worth noting that it is difficult to compare our study with the studies mentioned above because diode lasers with different wavelengths, different photosensitizers, different participant groups, and different treatment protocols were used. Most studies used methylene blue or toluidine blue as photosensitizers, and only a few used ICG. Its absorption peak is near the emission maximum of the available dental diode laser (at 800 nm) [