Study subjects
lung cancer, bronchiectasis, lung disease, emphysema
LUNG DISEASE, BRONCHIECTASIS, CYSTIC FIBROSIS, RECRUITMENT, EMPHYSEMA, LUNG CANCER, MAY, HEART FAILURE, ASTHMA, INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE
Subjects were consecutive screened from the Pulmonary Clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital from July 2021 to May 2022. Inclusion criteria: (I) Age range: 18 to 80 years; (II) emphysema on CT scan (HU ≥ − 900); (III) no other imaging changes of lung disease such as occupancy, exudation and interstitial changes on CT scan; (IV) no history of lung cancer, lung resection, cystic fibrosis; (V) signed informed consent. Exclusion criteria: (I) with underlying lung disease such as asthma, bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease; (II) with heart failure; (III) unwilling to participate. All participants were clinically stable at the time of recruitment. All subjects have not recently, or were currently, participating in pulmonary rehabilitation during the time of the study. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.