Randomization and treatment assignments
AKI
Randomization was carried out by a computer-generated stratified sequence with a 1:1 allocation ratio in blocks of 5, with the groups stratified by sex. The researchers, who used a concealed opaque envelope system, performed group assignment after informed consent was obtained. A double-blind, double-dummy design was used. The nephrology staff administered the treatment in white bottles that were only marked with the patient’s assignment number.Given the lack of previous clinical trials on this topic, a formal sample size calculation was not performed, and we chose a convenient sample size of 92 patients. All patients received the personalized management suggested by the KDIGO AKI bundle of care guidelines [Patients who met the inclusion criteria and signed informed consent were randomized to the intervention group (probiotics) or the control group (placebo), and 2 capsules The results are reported following the CONSORT guidelines for clinical trials.