Background and rationale
depression, Physical disabilities, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms
Physical disabilities refer to a physical condition that limits a person’s capacity to participate in activities of daily living [Mental well-being, as defined by WHO, is a state where people realize their abilities, can cope with the normal stress of life, can work productively, and can contribute to their community [Nature-based activities refer to the purposeful use of nature to formulate therapeutic activities which have been used to promote the mental well-being of older people (e.g., alleviating depressive symptoms, and promoting subjective happiness) [depression in older people, including loss of independence, loss of freedom and continuity with their past life, loneliness, lack of privacy, and loss of autonomy due to the institutional regimen and regulations [Virtual reality (VR) is a computer system which can immerse users in a virtual environment by replacing the visual and aural environments to achieve a sense of presence so that users perceive themselves as being part of the virtual environment [The use of VR in promoting the health of older people in LTCF is gaining popularity and its effects on the mental well-being of vulnerable groups, such as cognitive impairment, have been observed. However, most of the studies demonstrated the feasibility and preliminary effects in small feasibility or pilot studies only [