Results of Linear Mixed-Effects Model of Outcomes at 12 and 24 Months
Diabetes Distress, high-density lipoprotein, Diabetes, depression, diabetes
-20, DIABETES, DIABETES
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LS, least squares; NA, not applicable.SI conversion factors: To convert percentage of total HbAThe model included treatment, year, time (visit), site, sex, race and ethnicity, insurance status, and age. Random participant intercepts and compound symmetric covariance matrix were used.The intervention group received the clinical pharmacist and health coach–delivered mobile health intervention in year 1, then usual diabetes care in year 2.The waiting list control group received usual diabetes care in year 1, then the clinical pharmacist and health coach–delivered mobile health intervention in year 2.Multiple-testing Values are missing for 3 participants in the intervention group and 5 in the waiting list control group.Assessed by the brief Diabetes Distress Scale (range, 1-6, with mean item score ≥3 indicating moderate distress).Values are missing for 1 participant in the waiting list control group.Assessed by the Stanford Self-Efficacy for Diabetes scale (range, 1-10, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy).Values are missing for 1 participant in the waiting list control group.Assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (range, 0-27, with scores of 5 indicating mild depression, 10 indicating moderate depression, 15 indicating moderately severe depression, and 20 indicating severe depression).Values are missing for 1 participant in the waiting list control group.Assessment of the amount of total support received and satisfaction with support from family, friends, and the health care team (range, 4-20, with higher scores indicating more social support).One-month percentage-based rating of medication-taking behavior over the past month (self-rating question: “Over the past month, what percent of the time did you take all your diabetes medication as prescribed?”), with higher percentages indicating greater likelihood of taking medications as prescribed.Assessed by the revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities measure.Values are missing for 1 participant in the intervention group and 1 in the waiting list control group.Assessed by the EuroQol 5-dimension visual analog scale (range, 0-100, with higher scores indicating better health [or best imaginable health state]).