Preoperative assessment
dyspnea
A thorough history taking, general examination, ENT examination, and flexible laryngoscopy were all part of the pre-operative assessment routine. Prior to surgery, patients were evaluated for their level of dyspnea, which was divided into four categories: none, mild dyspnea (when there was no restriction on daily activity), moderate dyspnea (when there was a mild restriction on daily activity), severe dyspnea (with stridor), and very severe dyspnea (when there was respiratory difficulty requiring tracheostomy). Patients were assessed by the modified Arabic voice handicap index 10 (VHI-10) questionnaire [