Patients and treatment
DISEASE CHARACTERISTIC
Between 9 August 2019 and 5 August 2022, among the 54 patients evaluated for eligibility, 52 were enrolled in this study. Twelve (23.1%), 16 (30.8%), and 24 (46.2%) of the 52 patients were confirmed with < 1%, between 1% and 49%, and ≥ 50% PD-L1 expression, respectively. Twelve patients with ≥ 50% PD-L1 expression received neoadjuvant nivolumab-exclusive (N) and 40 patients received nivolumab–chemotherapy (N/C) combinations. All the patients underwent at least one-cycle neoadjuvant treatment. Among the prespecified arms, the disease characteristics and baseline demographics were generally well balanced (Table Baseline characteristicsWhen the database was locked on August 5, 2022, 48 (92.3%) patients had fully completed the three-cycle neoadjuvant treatment, whereas 46 (88.5%) patients had undergone surgery and at least one-cycle adjuvant nivolumab treatment (Supplementary Fig. 