1. Introduction
obesity, death, CVD, TMA, weight loss
CVD, OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) through partly altered central hemodynamics. We sought to examine if a low-calorie diet plus interval exercise (LCD+INT) intervention reduces TMAO more than a low-calorie diet (LCD) program alone in relation to hemodynamics, prior to clinically meaningful weight loss. Women with obesity were randomized to 2 weeks of LCD (Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide [Lifestyle modification consisting of diet and exercise are first line therapies for reducing CVD risk. Dietary intake has been a primary interest in reducing TMAO production and concentration, given the association between carnitine and choline consumption with TMA metabolism by bacteria in the gut. In particular, diets low in red meat reduce plasma TMAO, and individuals adhering to vegetarian diets demonstrate lower TMA [