Chan-Chuang exercise
SECONDARY
Regarding our primary outcomes, we did not observe any positive change in drug craving, mental wellbeing, and sleep quality. Since this is the first study on this exercise type and methamphetamine rehabilitation, we are not able to compare our results with those of other studies. From the perspective of mindfulness, these null effects are not surprising, because the known effects of mindfulness-based interventions on drug craving and mental outcomes are still controversial (On the bright side, we found that Chan-Chuang generally improved HR, DBP, and MAP. The decreased HR may echo previous studies on isometric squat exercise and mindfulness (Regarding our secondary outcomes, we found Chan-Chuang improved vital capacity, grip strength, and balance. It is suggested that respiratory functions are associated with isometric muscular strength (The findings on grip strength and balance are in line with some studies on college students and athletes (