Participants
hepatic and/or renal dysfunction, pancreatic cancer, metabolic disorders
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, SYSTEMIC DISEASE, DIABETIC NEUROPATHY, ISLET CELL TUMOR, NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE, HYPERGLYCEMIA, PANCREATIC CANCER, METABOLIC DISORDERS, TYPE 2 DIABETES
Potentially eligible patients were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All adult type 2 diabetes patients (18–90 year old) with class I, II, or III based on the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status undergoing elective general surgery (≥ 2 h) were screened for inclusion according to the study protocol. Exclusion criteria included severe systemic diseases, metabolic disorders, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, hepatic and/or renal dysfunction, neuromuscular disease, and pancreatic cancer or islet cell tumor. All participants had to understand, express, and write Chinese and give written informed consent.