Experimental days
Two experimental days were conducted at baseline and repeated at 16-week follow-up. Forty-eight hours before the experimental days, the participants were instructed to discontinue glucose-lowering medication use and refrain from any exercise. Moreover, no alcohol or caffeine was permitted 24 h before the visits, and the participants were instructed to maintain their habitual diet. The participants arrived at the testing facilities at 07:30 am after an overnight fast (≥10 h fasting). Experimental days 1 and 2 were planned to be separated by 1 week.