Conclusions
T2D, satiety
Pre-loads with a non-nutritive sweetener can influence the entero-endocrine response to a mixed-meal tolerance test. Because steviol glycosides can influence the entero-endocrine response, they could potentially be used to develop dietary approaches based on inducing sweet-taste perception while reducing caloric intake. This might be of special interest to those with, or at high risk for T2D. In this study, we did not test whether changes in the entero-endocrine response were accompanied by changes in the satiety or behavior of participants. The response to a mixed-meal tolerance test with a stevia non-nutritive pre-load differs between participants with pre-T2D and T2D. Future studies and product development should thus consider that the effect of steviol glycosides on the entero-endocrine response may differ by population subgroups. Our study found limited evidence for an association of the oral microbiome the entero-endocrine response, and none for the gut microbiome, yet future well-powered studies may be able to investigate this further.