Secondary Outcomes
Pelvic Muscle
URINARY INCONTINENCE, SECONDARY, INCONTINENCE
The secondary outcomes were quality of life, self-efficacy with PFMT, and knowledge of UI, measured at baseline, 2 months after randomization, and 6 weeks post partum.Quality of life was measured using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7), with 7 items assessing 4 domains (physical activity, travel, social activities, and emotional health) [The self-efficacy of PFMT was assessed using the 23-item Broome Pelvic Muscle Self-Efficacy Scale, Chinese version, where scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating a higher level of self-efficacy [UI knowledge was assessed using the Chinese version of the Urinary Incontinence Quiz, which is widely used to measure UI-related knowledge. The Urinary Incontinence Quiz is a 15-item validated instrument, with a total score ranging from 0 to 15, with a higher score indicating better UI knowledge [