Introduction
COMPLICATION, COMPLICATIONS, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are important and preventable risk factors for patients undergoing surgery. Among these behaviours, smoking and risky drinking add about 50% to the classic risk factors for developing complications [Patient groups with smoking and risky drinking develop the same type of complications as all other patients, but they develop them much more frequently [Recently, strong evidence has shown significant risk reduction (leading to an approximate halving of postoperative complications after surgery) following patient participation in a four to eight week intensive program aiming at the complete cessation of smoking and drinking before surgery [The intensive programs for preoperative cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption include pharmacological support, patient education, and motivational support. They are followed by high quit rates for smoking and alcohol and a significant reduction in complication rates [A recent systematic review of perioperative digital behavior change interventions identified only one full-scale randomized trial [Here, we evaluate the functionality of these two apps in terms of the feasibility of the IT solutions (IA) and as validation regarding understanding, applicability, and support (IB) of the two new apps by the patients and their staff in the clinical setting.For IA, the hypothesis was that at least one of the prototypes would score at least 5 on a visual analog scale for feasibility. For IB, we hypothesized that a substantial agreement (i.e., Kappa > 0.6) [