Experimental design
GINGIVAL BLEEDING
This was a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial with a duration of 14 weeks (2-week washout and 12-week treatment phase) (Fig. Schematic of study designThe sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1 software and was based on the primary data of gingival bleeding. Based on inequality and two independent groups (Fisher’s exact test), the sample size was determined to be 60, with an 0.05 alpha level (type II error) and 90% power (type I error). Considering a 15% dropout rate, 70 participants were eventually enrolled in this study.The participants were randomly allocated to two groups (