Results
±, stroke, BBS, Hemorrhagic
STROKE
A total of twenty stroke patients (10 patients in each group) were recruited to participate in the current study. While four dropouts were recorded during the follow-up assessment, other participants completed the study protocol. No significant differences were observed between groups (P > 0.05) in baseline characteristics and physical parameters (Table 
Subjects characteristics Male Female6473 Left Right4637 Hemorrhagic Ischemic4646Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or frequency.Abbreviation: BBS, berg balance scale; TUG, time up and go test; AP, Antroposterior; ML, Medio lateral.§ Independent student t test.† Chi- squared test.‡ Mann-Whitney U-test.Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant reduction in the timed up and go test (TUG) and a significant increase in the berg balance scale (BBS) after treatment in experimental group (TUG: F
Results of the balance assessment within time in each group and between groupsValues are expressed as mean ± standard deviationAbbreviation: BSS, Berg Balance Scale; TUG, Time up & go test; AP, Antroposterior; ML, Medio Lateral; SD, Standard deviation*Significance **Significance According to repeated measures ANOVA, significant reduction were observed after treatment in the postural stability indices for experimental group (overall static: FDuring the static balance test, repeated measures ANOVA detected a significant increase in the muscle activation of the affected side (rectus femoris: F
EMG activation during dynamic and static balance test before, one day and two weeks after intervention in each group. The figure on the left side indicates the mean activation of the affected sided muscles in each group. The figure on the right indicates the mean activation of the less- affected side in each group. BF – biceps femoris; MG – medial gastrocnemius; RF – rectus femoris; TA – tibialis anterior; RA – rectus femoris; ES – erector spine. Pairwise comparison showed that the activation of the rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior of the affected side increased and the biceps femoris and medial gastrocnemius decreased significantly in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Also, the activity was significantly lower in the biceps femoris, rectus abdominus, rectus femoris, and higher in the tibialis anterior of the less affected side in the experimental group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the control group (p > 0.05). Between-group differences showed significant changes in the activation of the biceps femoris of both sides in post- and follow up test, the rectus femoris of the affected side in post-test, erector spine of the affected side in follow-up test, and tibialis anterior of the less affected side in both post- and follow-up test (p < 0.05) (Table 
Results of muscle activation during static test within time in each group and between groups0.39 ± 0.070.31 ± 0.100.002*0.05*0.13 ± 0.200.10 ± 0.110.21 ± 0.050.13 ± 0.080.01*0.540.22 ± 0.150.47 ± 0.44-0.43 ± 0.090.29 ± 0.090.005*0.03*026 ± 0.09-0.30 ± 0.15-0.52 ± 0.13-01.66 ± 0.540.01*0.04*-0.74 ± 0.600.03 ± 0.23-0.08 ± 0.051.99 ± 0.650.410.04*0.27 ± 0.310.40 ± 0.24-0.14 ± 0.030.19 ± 0.060.007*0.070.010 ± 0.020.03 ± 0.050.36 ± 0.070.27 ± 0.080.004*0.03*0.15 ± 0.240.13 ± 0.150.23 ± 0.050.09 ± 0.090.01*0.840.22 ± 0.160.49 ± 0.44-0.34 ± 0.080.31 ± 0.090.01*0.03*0.24 ± 0.09-0.41 ± 0.24-0.46 ± 0.13-01.66 ± 0.550.02*0.0530.009 ± 0.100.04 ± 0.31-0.10 ± 0.051.99 ± 0.650.320.04*0.26 ± 0.310.40 ± 0.24-0.22 ± 0.080.19 ± 0.070.080.070.012 ± 0.020.04 ± 0.05Values are expressed as Mean (SD) of difference between two evaluation times. The minus sign next to the mean values means increase in muscle activationAbbreviation: BF, biceps femoris; MG, medial gastrocnemius; RF, rectus femoris; TA, tibialis anterior; RA, rectus femoris; ES, erector spine; A, Affected side; L, Less affected side; SD, Standard deviation*Significance **Significance During dynamic balance test, repeated measures ANOVA disclosed a significant increase of the affected side muscles (the erector spine: FPairwise comparison revealed a significant increase in the erector spine, rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior of the affected side and a significant decrease of the biceps femoris in the experimental group (P < 0.05). There was also a significant increase in the activation of the rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior of the less affected side, and a significant decrease in biceps femoris in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Pairwise comparison showed no difference in the control group (p > 0.05) (Table 
Results of muscle activation during dynamic test within time in each group and between groups0.43 ± 0.080.35 ± 0.070.002*0.003*0.25 ± 0.35-0.06 ± 0.17> 0.99> 0.990.01 ± 0.09-0.07 ± 0.110.980.960.11 ± 0.190.59 ± 0.740.980.94-0.67 ± 0.09-0.40 ± 0.09< 0.001*0.007*-0.14 ± 0.14-0.34 ± 0.18> 0.990.31-1.27 ± 0.18-0.46 ± 0.10< 0.001*0.006*-1.07 ± 0.68-0.10 ± 0.220.50> 0.990.25 ± 0.101.05 ± 0.650.120.430.23 ± 0.270.25 ± 0.20> 0.990.78-0.28 ± 0.07-0.04 ± 0.080.01*0.080.05 ± 0.03-0.009 ± 0.070.44> 0.990.34 ± 0.080.31 ± 0.090.008*0.03*0.44 ± 0.350.10 ± 0.250.75> 0.990.002 ± 0.070.08 ± 0.150.940.980.17 ± 0.160.69 ± 0.720.930.98-0.65 ± 0.10-0.51 ± 0.09< 0.001*0.003*0.007 ± 0.07-0.47 ± 0.31> 0.990.53-0.87 ± 0.14-0.80 ± 0.270.001*0.05-0.75 ± 0.590.16 ± 0.120.750.620.22 ± 0.211.04 ± 0.75> 0.990.610.22 ± 0.270.25 ± 0.200.950.77-0.31 ± 0.08-0.07 ± 0.070.01*> 0.990.02 ± 0.030.01 ± 0.06> 0.99> 0.99Values are expressed as Mean (SD) of difference between two evaluation times. The minus sign next to the mean values means increase in onset timeAbbreviation: BF, biceps femoris; MG, medial gastrocnemius; RF, rectus femoris; TA, tibialis anterior; RA, rectus femoris; ES, erector spine; A, Affected side; L, Less affected side; SD, Standard deviation*Significance **Significance According to repeated measures ANOVA, the onset time reduced significantly in the affected side muscles (rectus abdominus: FPairwise comparison showed a significant reduction in the onset time of the rectus abdominus, erector spine, rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior muscles of the affected side in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Also, in the experimental group, the onset time significantly reduced in the rectus abdominus and erector spine of the less affected side significantly and increased in the medial gastrocnemius (P < 0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the control group (p > 0.05). Significant differences were found in the rectus abdominus, tibialis anterior, and rectus femoris of the both side, biceps femoris and medial gastrocnemius of the less affected side and the erector spine of the affected side in post-test between groups. Also, the rectus femoris, rectus abdominus, and erector spine of the both sides and the biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior of the less affected side changed significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05) (Table 
Results of onset time within time in each group and between groups780.55 ± 1172.47700.66 ± 911.350.870.93-917.00 ± 1014.54-179.57 ± 466.930.970.94-1474.44 ± 685.68-1222.00 ± 254.810.190.004*-448.85 ± 377.842174.00 ± 1372.360.830.492507.44 ± 400.02472.77 ± 1056.30< 0.001*> 0.99-330.42 ± 385.18-224.00 ± 180.15> 0.990.781601.55 ± 295.79548.55 ± 359.960.002*0.49-945.85 ± 474.98-540.71 ± 608.680.28> 0.992112.00 ± 445.142789.77 ± 694.060.004*0.01*-1225.71 ± 748.91128.28 ± 387.330.45> 0.991733.00 ± 369.10274.11 ± 609.010.005*> 0.99-275.28 ± 373.47-116.14 ± 293.67> 0.99> 0.99-1013.00 ± 1205.21341.00 ± 385.570.930.97-1327.14 ± 1293.56110.71 ± 515.510.940.98-1008.22 ± 786.70-1896.66 ± 576.250.700.03*-141.71 ± 497.471810.14 ± 839.04> 0.990.222689.44 ± 471.321194.55 ± 698.830.001*0.37-362.71 ± 315.23-309.85 ± 576.650.881> 0.991459.44 ± 555.16900.33 ± 506.560.090.34100.14 ± 664.88-368.00 ± 571.23> 0.99> 0.992014.77 ± 581.443189.11 ± 1040.360.02*0.04*-1352.42 ± 790.13-89.00 ± 440.870.410.971740.00 ± 566.271523.00 ± 353.030.04*0.008*-150.00 ± 432.3753.28 ± 516.180.95> 0.99Values are expressed as Mean (SD) of difference between two evaluation times. The minus sign next to the mean values means increase in onset timeAbbreviation: BF, biceps femoris; MG, medial gastrocnemius; RF, rectus femoris; TA, tibialis anterior; RA, rectus femoris; ES, erector spine; A, Affected side; L, Less affected side; SD, Standard deviation*Significance **Significance 