Randomization
Patients were centrally block randomized (sequence generated using varying block sizes) with allocation concealment (1:1:1) into 3 groups using a between-participant design. All patients and their relatives received information regarding their surgical choice in the outpatient clinic as standard care and were then randomized. The first group (control) consistent of standard care, in which patients received clinician counseling on surgical options and filled out the research questionnaire. In the second group (the solo group), patients received standard care plus the Navya-PPT followed by the research questionnaire, which they filled out alone (ie, without a key family member). In the third group (the joint group), patients received standard care and the Navya-PPT followed by the research questionnaire, which they filled out in the presence of a key family member. Almost 90% of the key family members were male.