
Recruitment and eligibility criteria

angina, dementia, a disability
DISEASE, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, DISEASES
Participants were recruited from the participant pool of a comprehensive geriatric survey conducted by our team once per year. The survey was conducted in October 2020 at the TMIG. Survey respondents who met frailty or pre‐frailty criteria were sent an invitation letter to check their eligibility and invite them to participate.Inclusion criteria were (i) community‐dwelling older adults aged 65–99 years; (ii) meeting pre‐frailty or frailty criteria according to the revised Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study (see Supporting Information Exclusion criteria were (i) being diagnosed with dementia or prescribed anti‐dementia medication; (ii) having a disability in basic activities of daily living; (iii) not being permitted to exercise by a family doctor, except for light‐intensity exercises; (iv) having an unstable medical condition, severe diseases, and not being permitted to participate in the study by a study physician; (v) having a history of angina, myocardial infarction, or heart surgery in the last 3 months, or having received end‐stage disease care or palliative care; (vi) having performed Radio‐Taiso ≥1 day/week in the past month; (vii) having participated in specific rehabilitation programs; (viii) not being able to walk more than 10 m independently; (ix) having participated in other clinical trials; (x) not having a TV; (xi) having difficulty communicating in Japanese; or (xii) having been judged ineligible by a principal investigator/study physician. Moreover, to ensure allocation concealment, participation with housemates was not allowed.