Intervention
After vaginal birth, SSC was initiated immediately, or as soon as possible, on the mother’s chest, with positioning assisted by the neonatal team. The infant was cared for initially in the birth unit and later transferred to the neonatal unit while maintaining SSC with either parent. After cesarean delivery, SSC was initiated with the father until the mother could be transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. Twins were either cared for with one parent each or placed together with one of the parents.