Correlative studies
tumor, Tumor
TUMOR, TUMOR
To determine the effects of the combination of riluzole and sorafenib on pathway signaling components and confirm target engagement, paired tumor samples were collected at baseline (pre-treatment) and after 28 days at cycle 2 day 1. Paired tumor biopsies were optional in the dose escalation portion of the study, but required for patients in the expansion cohort. Tumor samples were split into two blocks. The first block was flash frozen and stored in a −80In order to determine the degree of GRM1 expression and apoptosis resulting from combination therapy, the second part of the tumor samples was processed for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of expression of GRM1, BCL-2, and BIM. Paraffin-embedded tissue was paraffinized and endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with dilute H