Introduction
labor pain, neuraxial anesthesiaTherefore
Neuraxial analgesia is the most effective method for labor pain relief in contemporary obstetric anesthesiaPreprocedural ultrasound has been introduced as a useful tool for neuraxial anesthesiaTherefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy between the preprocedural handheld ultrasound-assisted technique and the conventional landmark-guided technique in parturients undergoing CSE analgesia. We hypothesized that the handheld ultrasound-assisted technique would shorten the procedural time of labor CSE analgesia compared to the conventional technique.