Primary and secondary outcomes
inattentiveness, Inattentive, Hyperactive/impulsive, impulsivity, ADHD
SYNDROME, DYSFUNCTION
PEBL version 2.0 of the CPT measures sustained attention and impulsivity in a 14-min computerized task. Participants are instructed to hit the button whenever any alphabet letter other than the X letter is shown. The test measures selective inattentiveness (missing target stimuli: omission errors), impulsivity (false responding to non-target stimuli: commission errors), and sustained attention (reaction time and reaction time variability).PEBL version 2.0 of the WCST measures executive functioning, cognitive flexibility, and set-shifting abilities. It comprises two sets of cards: 64 reaction cards and four stimulus cards. Based on the patterns present on the cards, participants were instructed to categorize them. The rule for properly sorting the stimuli shifts regularly, and the ability to change strategies that vary according to the stimuli's color, number, or shape is recorded. The participant should first choose the proper sorting principle and stick with it throughout the test to perform successfully. Shifting the matching rule to another category occurs after ten successively correct matches in one category (e.g., matching numbers). The main outcome parameters are the correct responses, categories completed, perseverative errors, non-perseverative errors, total errors, and failure to maintain a set. Executive dysfunction is assumed to be reflected in preservative and non-preservative errors [Both groups were assessed at baseline and follow-up at twelve weeks. The primary outcomes were changes in the severity of ADHD symptoms and associated behavioral problems assessed using the CPRS-R-L (Inattentive, Hyperactive/impulsive, and Total score) and CBCL (Syndrome scale and Total score), respectively. Secondary outcomes were improvements in sustained and focused attention, impulsivity, executive functioning, and set-shifting abilities based on the CPT and WSCT tasks.