Sampling.
The larger intervention took place in 10 health facility catchment areas (HFCAs) in Southern and Eastern Provinces and were purposively sampled based on prior participation in a maternity waiting homes intervention. These HFCAs were known to be equipped with community-based volunteers who were trained in maternal and child health. Each HFCA is further divided by the Zambia Ministry of Health into approximately 80 zones; 40 of these zones were randomized to the larger intervention. Within each intervention cluster, convenience sampling was used, and questionnaires were conducted among participating women. A sample size was not calculated a priori. All women were asked to complete a COVID-19 questionnaire during every community-based parenting group meeting that occurred between August 2020 and September 2021. Some women attended multiple meetings and therefore completed multiple questionnaires.