Cohort Stratification
For this analysis, participants were stratified into 2 cohorts: casting and surgery (including VLPs, PP, and EF). We hypothesized that activity level and number of comorbidities would have the greatest association with DRF outcomes. Therefore, all participants were stratified by number of comorbidities and activity status. The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) measured functional status as a proxy of physiologic age. RAPA is a validated 9-item questionnaire to assess physical activity level in adults older than 50 years.