Ultrasonographic measurements
lower limb amputation
Following baseline frailty assessment, further verbal consent was sought for ultrasound assessment. Consenting participants had thickness of their anterior thigh muscles measured bilaterally, or unilaterally in the case of unilateral lower limb amputation. Ultrasonographic measurement took place during the participants’ regular dialysis session. Patients were positioned sitting at an angle of ≤45° with knees resting comfortably upon a cushion near the natural 10° to 20° resting position. Participants were instructed to relax during the examination. Scanning followed a protocol established in previous work [