2.4. Study Procedure
osteoarthritis
OSTEOARTHRITIS
The experimental setting was an in-patient acute care unit at an orthopedic surgery hospital. All participants underwent TKA using a minimally invasive quadriceps-sparing technique with a high-flexion mobile prosthesis (Implantcast; GMBH Lüneburger Schanze, Buxtehude, Germany). From the 3rd day after TKA, the CCE and OKCE groups performed the exercise five times a week for 30 min (20 times for 4 weeks). Additionally, CPM was applied on the 1st day after TKA in both groups (once a day for 20 min, five times a week for 4 weeks). The CCE and OKCE groups were subjected to the same treatment conditions and environment. To examine the effect of the exercise program after the experiment, each group was administered the same procedure as the pretest and posttest. The baseline assessment was performed 1 day before the TKA procedure, and the posttest was performed 6 weeks after TKA. The Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis (WOMAC), Knee Outcome Survey-Activities of Daily Living (KOS-ADLs), and an electronic goniometer were used to evaluate physical functions, and a Zebris PDM multifunction force measuring plate was used to measure balance ability and gait. The timed up-and-go (TUG) test was performed for dynamic balance ability.