2.1. Participants
psychiatric
Sixty-five participants (16 men and 48 women), over 65 years of age, without neurological, psychiatric, cardiological, or orthopedic diseases/disorders, moving independently, were recruited from senior community centers in Warsaw. Exclusion criteria were a score below 24 points in the Polish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination test (the Polish adaptation and standardization of MMSE [The total number of screened participants comprised 84 subjects. The participants of the study were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups and one control group (4 men, 16 women). Further, 58 of them completed the training (14 men and 44 women): 19 participants (5 men, 14 women) in the cognitive-motor group (4 individuals resigned), 20 (3 men, 17 women) in the cognitive group, 19 (6 men, 13 women) in the motor group (2 individuals dropped out). Six individuals dropped-out of the experimental groups due to the length of training. Only data obtained from the participants who completed the study were included in the statistical analysis. There were no training data from the control group.The mean age of the study participants was 71.2 (SD = 5.2), the number of years of education—15.3 (SD = 2.7), and the mean MMSE score was 29.1 (SD = 0.9). There were no demographic and clinical (MMSE score) differences between experimental and control groups. Detailed data are presented in All patients provided informed consent prior to inclusion. The research was completed in accordance with Helsinki Declaration.