Discussion
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How individuals restructure the timing of their behaviors can influence the effectiveness of exercise, and have important health consequences, depending on what activities are displaced (Chastin et al., According to baseline estimates, on average, participants spent approximately two hours per day watching television (range 114 to 157 min·dayBoth intervention groups reported an increase in Active Transport at mid-intervention and higher levels of both Active Transport compared with participants in the control group. However, these changes and differences were no longer significant post-intervention. By design, the number of supervised exercise sessions reduced from mid- (4 sessions·wkRegular exercise is advocated to improve sleep quality, either by accelerating sleep onset or increasing the depth of sleep, and is routinely included in sleep hygiene recommendations (Buman & King, This is the first study to examine changes in use-of-time in response to an exercise intervention prescribed at specific times of the day. In response to a 12-week exercise program performed in the morning (0600–0900) and the evening (1600–1900), we found no difference in how previously insufficiently active individuals spend, or reorganise their time to accommodate the new activity. Gomersall and colleagues investigated the changes in use-of-time across a 6-week physical activity intervention prescribed either 150 min·wkTraditionally, time use surveys have been used to capture data such as, how respondents spend their ‘free time’; residual time that remains after accounting for time spent in ‘paid labour’, ‘unpaid household labour’ and ‘personal care’. As in the case for the Time Use Survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, respondents are asked to keep a diary of their daily activities for two consecutive days (Goodin et al., Patterns of time use present a novel way of examining the ripple effects of changes in daily activity patterns to accommodate for the time cost of exercise. This study used a randomized controlled trial to investigate how previously inactive adults restructure their time when they undertake morning or evening exercise. The time for exercise was larglely drawn from a discretionary time (watching TV), and the patterns of change in time use was similar when exercise was performed in the morning compared with the evening.