Subjects
somatic illness, nausea, psychiatric disorder, substance abuse
HEARING IMPAIRMENT, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, DRUG ALLERGY
One hundred and sixty 18- to 30-year-old healthy, ASA 1 (according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system), right-handed volunteers participated in the study. The trial (NCT0262440) was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland and the Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea. All subjects provided written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Radiation exposure concerns related to the PET imaging limited the subjects to only male volunteers. All subjects were interviewed and examined by a licensed physician (L.L., A.S., or O.K.). A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood and urine samples were also taken. Exclusion criteria included any somatic illness, chronic medication or drug allergy, history of any psychiatric disorder or substance abuse, cardiac arrhythmias, hearing impairment, serious nausea in connection with previous anesthesia, blood donation within 90 d before the study, prior participation in a PET/SPECT study, any contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pathologic findings in laboratory tests or positive urine drug screening.