2.6.1. Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
comorbidity
Demographics and comorbidity data were collected from both groups via survey. All subjects in the passive control group were invited to voluntarily complete a survey that included their informed consent, demographics, and medical history which were used for comparison with the intervention group’s demographics and clinical characteristics.Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographics and comorbidities of the intervention and control groups. To provide an objective means to identify meaningful differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the intervention and control groups, we used standardized mean differences with a cutoff of 20% or 0.20 [