Data collection
anxiety/depression, Diabetes
SECONDARY, DIABETES
We collected data at baseline, three, six- and 12-months follow-up. We recorded the following sociodemographic data by a questionnaire; living situation (living with others or living alone), educational level (primary/middle school, secondary education, university/college ≤4 years, university/college >4 years), work situation (working full-time, working part-time, on benefits, retired, or other), and exercise regularity (never, less than weekly, once a week, 2–3 times a week, nearly every day) as an indication of physical activity level. As to clinical data, a medical secretary recorded the following data from medical records from December 1Our primary outcome was the Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13), a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure completed by participants to assess individual knowledge, skills, and confidence integral to managing one’s health and healthcare. The PAM-13 comprises 13 items on a 1–4-point Likert scale with responses ranging from “strongly agree” (4) to “strongly disagree” (1) or “not applicable” [In addition to BMI, weight, waist circumference and HbA1c, our secondary outcomes were health status (EuroQoL(EQ)-5D-5L, EQ-VAS, WHO-Overall Health) and psychological well-being (WHO-5, WHO- Overall QOL, Problem Areas In Diabetes scale-5 (PAID-5)). The EQ-5D-5L measures health and functioning status within five domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression [We used the five-item World Health Organization well-being index (WHO-5) to measure subjective psychological well-being during the previous two weeks. The scale is a 6-point Likert scale with a rating from 0 (none of the time) to 5 (all the time) [After the intervention, we conducted individual interviews with participants. We conducted the interviews by telephone due to COVID-19 restrictions. The interview guide included topics such as experiences with participation in the intervention and whether the conversation with the nurses and physicians had led to any change in their ability to manage their health and health care, setting and achieving health goals (S2 Table in 