Intervention group
The intervention group were provided with the same advice and self-management package as the control group, in addition to:Footwear: high quality, off-the-shelf footwear (Anodyne #45 Sport Jogger; Global Footcare, Coomera, Queensland, Australia) (Fig. Foot orthoses: prefabricated Formthotics™ (Foot Science International, Christchurch, New Zealand). These orthoses were three-quarter length and were constructed from dual-density, closed-cell polyethylene foam (Fig. Foot exercises: participants were provided with access to a smart-phone app (PhysiTrackIntervention footwear (Anodyne #45 Sport Jogger; Global Footcare, Coomera, Queensland, Australia). Reproduced from Intervention foot orthoses (dual-density, three-quarter length Formthotics™). Image reproduced with permission from Foot Science International, Christchurch, New Zealand. Reproduced from Interventions were administered to both feet. Participants were free to use additional treatments during the study if they were documented in the 4-weekly postal surveys. However, participants were withdrawn from the study if they reported undergoing surgical intervention.