Patients and grouping
hepatic or renal diseases, hearing, vision, breast cancer, alcohol abuse, diabetes
METASTASIS, BREAST CANCER, DRUG ALLERGIES, DISORDERS, CHRONIC PAIN, HYPERTENSION, DIABETES
One hundred and twelve female patients who voluntarily requested breast cancer surgery were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University between January 2015 and January 2017. The surgery of all patients was performed by the same surgeon. All patients were informed with the study and wrote the consent. This study was approved by the Ethical Boards of the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University and the registration number is 2022QTLL-09.Inclusion criteria for patient selecting: (1) Underwent unilateral radical surgery of breast cancer; (2) Had no metastasis of breast cancer; (3) Aged 18–80 years old; (4) At I-II level of American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification.Exclusion criteria for patient selecting: (1) Had hypertension, diabetes, cardiopulmonary, hepatic or renal diseases, or disorders of water-electrolyte balance; (2) Had history of relevant drug allergies, history of opioid or alcohol abuse, history of taking antidepressants and psychological drugs, or history of chronic pain; (3) Had addiction to opiates or psychedelic drugs; (4) Had history of taking analgesics and NSAIDs in the 48 h before surgery; (5) Had speech, hearing, vision or other severe psychological disorders that do not cooperate with perioperative psychological support therapy.The patients were divided into four groups and there were 28 patients in each group. Patients in group A were given sufentanil preemptive analgesia combined with psychological intervention, patients in group B had only sufentanil preemptive analgesia, patients in group C had only perioperative psychological support therapy (PPST), and patients in group D were under general anesthesia with conventional intubation.