Craniofacial characteristics
Measurements of the positions of the maxilla and mandible were performed using 3Diagnosys® software (v5.3.1, 3diemme, Cantu, Italy). The angle between sella, nasion, and subspinale (SNA angle), and the angle between sella, nasion, and supramentale (SNB angle) were used to represent the anteroposterior position of the maxilla and mandible relative to the cranial base, respectively. Landmarks are illustrated in Fig. Craniofacial landmarks and measurements of the upper airway dimensions based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. 