Analyses
REGRESSION, SECONDARY
Prior to the intervention, a baseline test was performed for the three groups and any initial differences between the groups were subsequently controlled for in regression analyses. Since the outcomes did not follow a normal distribution, we employed the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison.Regarding our primary outcomes (drug craving, mental health, sleep problem, HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP), we used the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) to compare outcomes among groups. The GEEs are widely used to analyze interconnected longitudinal data with a non-normal distribution or missing data (As our secondary outcomes (BMI, vital capacity, grip strength, balance, vertical jump) were assessed solely at baseline and after our intervention, we applied the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to compare these outcomes among groups. Following the method of GEE, we constructed two models. One is a crude model where only the main effect of the group setting was tested. In the other model, we incorporated corresponding baseline measurements as covariates to account for potential differences at baseline (In the end, all our participants successfully completed the study, adhering to our instructions as anticipated. Therefore, our analyses are both intention-to-treat analysis and per-protocol analysis.