Conclusions
muscle mass
Our study demonstrates that 8 weeks of continuous resistance exercise training combined with daily EMS training targeting the upper body, lower body, and abdominal muscles can significantly improve muscle mass and upper body muscle strength, as well as significantly reduce body fat percentage. However, it did not show a significant effect on lower body explosive force. These findings suggest that the combination of resistance exercise training and EMS can be an effective strategy for enhancing muscle mass and upper body strength while reducing body fat percentage. In this study, we used a multi-frequency cyclic transformation method to perform EMS, giving different levels of muscle stimulation under 30 min of training. Our design philosophy is that this may have a larger effect than a fixed frequency. However, we need to further compare the advantages of different EMS solutions. In addition, further research is needed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying these effects and to optimize the protocols for EMS training in order to maximize its benefits on muscle performance.