Introduction
decline in cognitive function, Frailty
Frailty is a state in which appropriate responses to stressors are weakened because of cumulative decrease in physiological homeostasis among multiple organs.A nationally representative survey in Japan reported 8.7% and 40.8% prevalence of frailty and pre‐frailty among older adults, respectively.A scoping review summarized the effectiveness of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that screened for frailty before the intervention, among community‐dwelling older adults. The results showed that nine RCTs included exercise interventions that varied by duration, frequency and type of exercises but all effectively reduced frailty scores.Radio‐Taiso, a traditional exercise program broadcast daily via public radio and television by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation, can be easily accessed/practiced at home by older adults with frailty and pre‐frailty. Our previous studies have identified that participating in calisthenics (as in Radio‐Taiso) reduced risk of decline in cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living.Conducting pilot trials before large‐scale RCTs can help researchers better understand the feasibility of the latter and find potential effectiveness.