Results
Overall compliance with daily monitoring post-randomization was high (89.7% over the 14 days; SD = 16.4%). Similarly, individual compliance with daily monitoring was also consistently high.The results from the model are shown in At the person level (level-2), the treatment group did not predict self-efficacy or risk perception, nor did it predict intention to quit directly, or indirectly through self-efficacy or risk perception (However, there were positive direct effects of self-efficacy and risk perception on intention to quit at the observation level (level-1), with a one-unit increase in self-efficacy and risk perception respectively increasing intention to quit levels by 0.40 and 0.42; that is, on days when participants’ level of confidence in their ability was higher than their personal mean, they were more likely to also have higher quitting intentions. Similarly, on days when participants’ perception of smoking-related risk was higher than their usual estimation, they were more likely to have higher intentions to quit. There were significant negative effects of time both during the baseline and experimental phases which were similar in size (