Procedure
anxiety, pain
Beforehand written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Both groups received an identical consent process comprising a treatment explanation given some days before the procedure or the day of the procedure.The day of the intervention, the investigator introduced the patient to the pre-operative anxiety and pain questionnaire (anxiety, pain intensity, and pain pleasantness). Upon the patient’s arrival in the operating room, the VR mask was installed on the patient’s head and they were trained in how to use the autohypnosis software.The EVI procedure was performed as usual, except that the autohypnosis software ran during the whole intervention. If needed, medication was provided during the intervention. All interventional procedures were performed following the standard of care. The operators were the same in both groups.After the intervention, the patient filled out the post-operative questionnaire. Patients were instructed to report anxiety and pain felt during the intervention (anxiety, pain intensity and pleasantness).At 3 month post-operation, during a clinical visit or through a phone conversation, patients were asked to complete a third questionnaire concerning their remembered anxiety and pain during the intervention (anxiety, pain intensity and pleasantness).The control intervention was usual patient care for participants in the TAU group. The questionnaires were given the same manner as in VA-HYPO group.