Study design and participants
A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted from 14/02/2020 to 26/08.2022 in Qingpu Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University. Ethical approval was obtained by the Ethical Committee of Qingpu Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University (ID number: IEC-C-007-A08-V.03), and all participants provided a written informed consent. The study was also registered on Sample size was determined based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a key variable from previous studies (