Post-hospital procedures
Primary caregiver(s) for infants for whom the protocol study team have obtained informed consent will receive questionnaires via electronic application or via phone interview, if caregiver(s) have limited access to cellular/internet service or prefer this modality of communication. Assessments may also take place in person, if there is a scheduled visit. Caregiver(s) will complete these questionnaires at 1 month after discharge and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. These questionnaires will gather information on infant wellness, and primary caregiver(s) contact information, maternal well-being, infant attachment, and infant behavior. In addition, there will be an in-person follow-up visit with neurodevelopmental assessment at 24 months of age. Study staff will maintain contact in between study assessments at regular intervals. Respondents to these assessments will receive a reimbursement to compensate them for their time.We will assess maternal well-being with Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short forms [The PROMIS Measures will be administered at 1-month after discharge and again at 24 months of age.We will briefly assess mother-infant attachment with the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Questionnaire (MPAQ; [Caregiver(s) will complete the caregiver questionnaire (CQ) to assess enteral feeding, number of emergency room (ER) visits and/or acute/urgent care visits, and hospital readmissions.We will assess infant neurobehavioral functioning at 24 months of age using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). The BITSEA is 42-item parent report screener used to indicate social-emotional/behavioral problems in children 12–36 months [We will assess infant development with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition (Bayley-4): Cognitive, Language, Motor at 24 months of age. The Bayley-4 is recognized internationally as one of the most comprehensive tools to assess developmental outcomes in children. With the Bayley-4, it is possible to obtain detailed information even from non-verbal children as to their functioning. Children are assessed in the 3 key developmental domains of cognition, language, and motor. Reliability and validity of the previous version of the instrument have been well established [