Block interventions
CREST
Following the tracheal intubation, for Group M-TAPA, a high-frequency linear probe (6–13 MHz) was placed in the sagittal direction on the 10th costal margin under the guidance of USG to define the transversus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles. The probe was placed sagitally on the 10th costal margin in the midline and a deep angle was given to the costochondral angle. The lower costal cartilage was visualized in this way. By using the in-plane technique, a 22G, 80 mm block needle (Stimuplex B-Braun Medical, Melsungen, Germany) was placed in the cranial direction between the transversus abdominis muscle and the lower surface of the costal cartilage by moving the needle tip towards the posterior aspect of the 10th costal cartilage. Then, 25 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was injected into the lower surface of the chondrium, making sure that the needle tip did not cross the cranial edge of the 10th costal cartilage. The same process was then repeated for the other side.For Group OSTAP, the OSTAP block was applied to the patients in the supine position immediately following endotracheal intubation. The anesthesiologist of the surgery room placed the ultrasound linear probe along the subcostal margin of the upper abdominal wall and obliquely from the xiphoid to the right iliac crest in the midabdominal line. The rectus abdominis muscle and the underlying transversus abdominis muscle were identified near the costal margin. The needle was guided into the transversus abdominis fascia. 25 ml of 0.25% local anesthetic solution was injected between the rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis muscles along the oblique subcostal line. The same process was then repeated for the other side.