2.3. Measures
’ pain, pain
Back VAS, leg VAS, and lumbar PPT were measured weekly to measure the subjects’ pain. The PPT was measured using a digital algometer (Wagner Instrument FPX25, Greenwich, CT, USA). PPT was measured in a treatment room with a bed. For the PPT measurement, the subjects were guided to lie face down in a comfortable position on the bed after listening to the measurement method and then asked to point out the point where the back pain is most severe with one finger. After checking the subjects’ most painful point by pressing the area with a finger, the area was pressed in the vertical direction at a constant speed and pressure using the pressure algometer. Then, the subjects were asked to signal the researcher at the moment when they felt pain to measure the value applied at that moment (kg/cm