Results
COPD
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD
Three hundred and four consecutive patients who underwent contrast-enhanced chest CT at Ramathibodi Hospital were enrolled starting in January 2018. One hundred patients were excluded by the described exclusion criteria (Fig. Flow chart of study population.The characteristics of the patients are summarized in Table Demographic characteristics of the study group.SD: standard deviation, BMI: body mass index, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The heights from the tip of the xiphoid process to each body landmark of interest during inspiration with arm raised position (IAR) on contrast-enhanced chest CT study are shown in Table The heights from tip of the xiphoid process to the reference body landmarks on CT scans during inspiration with arm raised position (IAR).IAR: inspiration with arm raised position, TOX: Tip of xiphoid, SL: sternal length, SD: standard deviation, LV*Adjusted heights from tip of xiphoid process to reference body landmarks for expiration with arm down position (EAD)(There were 178 and 109 subjects whose uppermost part of the liver and stomach were above the tip of the xiphoid process. The median (IQR) height from xiphoid process to uppermost part of liver and stomach were 23.6 mm (11.9, 44.4) and 15.9 mm (6.9, 26.9), respectively. There was no significant difference among genders.For reference purpose, we divided the sternum into quarters by height with respect to the tip of the xiphoid process. The distribution of each body landmark of interest in the four levels as Fig. Distribution of reference body landmarks in 4 quarters of the sternum. INL: inter nipple line, LVDistribution of reference body landmarks in 4 quarters of the sternum.LVThe distribution of each body landmark with respect to the midpoint of the lower half of the sternum (MLHS) and the distances from the reference point are shown in Table Position and distances (mm) of the reference body landmarks with respect to the midpoint of the lower half of the sternum (MLHS).LV