Variables and instruments
myalgia, Gastrointestinal symptoms, fever, cognitive (memory loss, tiredness, spasms, Depression, chills, sore throat, blurred vision, dyspnea, dry, headaches, Anxiety, infections, back pain, hair loss, partial loss of smell or taste, eye problems, fatigue, chest pain, cough, infection, bruising, Insomnia, confusion, tachycardia, pain, dizziness
SORE THROAT, INFECTIONS, LONG COVID, INFECTION, SECONDARY, HAIR LOSS, CONJUNCTIVITIS, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, OVERACTIVE BLADDER, ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
This study contemplated multiple variables that allow us to know about the Long COVID patient from a broad perspective. For this, in addition to sociodemographic and clinical variables, a total of 10 scales were selected.Socio-demographic variables: gender (man, woman, other), age, civil status (married or in couple/single, separated, divorced or widowed), education (no studies or primary studies/ secondary or university studies) and occupation (employee, unemployed, employee with temporary work disability (TWD), retired, others).Clinical variables related to post-COVID-19: time since infection (months), number of residual symptoms and their severity measured through a Visual Analogue Scale. Persistent symptoms included were: Gastrointestinal symptoms, total or partial loss of smell or taste, eye problems (blurred vision, increased dioptres, dry eyes, conjunctivitis), tiredness or fatigue, cough, sore throat, dyspnea, fever (over 38°C), low-grade fever (37°C—38°C), chills or chills without fever, headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, bruising, myalgia, joint pain, chest pain, back pain (cervical, dorsal or lumbar), neurological symptoms (tingling, spasms, etc.), cognitive (memory loss, brain fog or confusion or poor attention and concentration capacity), loss of libido or erectile dysfunction, alteration of the menstrual cycle, urinary symptoms (infections, overactive bladder), hair loss and other symptoms that can be considered residual [Quality of life was evaluated by the SF-36 Questionnaire [Cognitive status was assessed by the official Spanish version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [Physical functioning was evaluated using the 30-second Sit to Stand Test [Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) [Affective status was assessed through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire [Sleep quality was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire (ISI). The ISI [Social Support was evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SS) [Personal constructs. The personal factors relating to behaviour that were collected are the following:
Self-efficacy was evaluated using the Self-Efficacy Scale-12 (GSES-12). This scale has 3 factors: Initiative (willingness to initiate the behavior), Effort (willingness to try to complete the behavior), and Persistence (persevering to complete the task in the face of adversity). The official scale obtained a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.69 [Patient activation in their own health was evaluated using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) questionnaire regarding the management of their health [Health literacy was evaluated using the Health Literacy Europe Questionnaire (HLS-EUQ16) [