4. Discussion
thrombosis, infection, bleeding
THROMBOSIS, BLEEDING, PNEUMOTHORAX, MINOR, INFECTION, CATHETER INFECTION, COMPLICATIONS
The commonly used puncture routes included the internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, and femoral vein. The internal jugular vein is close to the oropharynx and respiratory tract and has a high rate of catheter infection and thrombosis, which limits its clinical application. The infection rate of subclavian vein catheter is low, which is convenient for nursing, but the incidence of puncture complications is high, which is easy to cause pneumothorax, and accidental artery puncture cannot stop bleeding, so the technical requirements for the operator are higher [The subclavian vein is the most commonly used puncture site for long-term catheterization in the past [Axillary vein catheterization is guided by real-time ultrasound. Studies have reported that axillary vein catheterization often passes through the pectoralis minor muscle, resulting in obvious traction discomfort when patients move their arms [The diameter of the subclavian vein is larger than that of the axillary vein, the position of the subclavian vein is fixed, and it is less affected by respiration. In the past, ultrasound-guided subclavian vein puncture was concentrated mainly in the short- and long-axis planes [In the long-axis plane puncture method, the ultrasonic probe is located partially on the clavicle, which relies on wall thickness. However, pulsation and pressure can flatten it, the artery and vein cannot be determined quickly, and the relationship between the tissue surrounding the vessels cannot be ascertained. Consequently, the author innovatively proposed that, in clinical practice, the short-/long-axis switching double-screen control method of ultrasound-guided puncture is used, which significantly improves puncture efficiency and reduces the occurrence of complications and damage to adjacent tissues.In summary, the puncture process operation is safer, the operating technology is simple and intuitive, and the ultrasound dual-screen display function is found in the basic configuration of an ultrasound machine, which is conducive to the method's use by grass-roots hospitals. Consequently, it is a worthy technique for conducting ultrasound-guided puncture.