Study population
CRF
CRF
Patients scheduled for ERCP, ESD, EUS-FNA, or DBE under sedation at Chiba University Hospital between December 2019 and April 2020 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria included age ≥ 20 years, SpOAll cases were registered centrally at the data center (Chiba University Hospital). All data were collected using case report forms (CRFs), and all CRFs were submitted to the data center. The data center used a system with which it was possible to acquire access logs and validation, enter the CRF data, and create data sets. The database was locked after verification by the principal investigator. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University (approval number 3180015). This trial was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier jRCTs032190146) on November 29, 2019. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.