Study design and source of data
ICH
This retrospective cohort study involved 1333 patients consecutively diagnosed with ICH and admitted to the Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2010 to December 2019. Primary inclusion criteria for the study were adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with ICH confirmed by head CT imaging [We sequentially numbered the 1333 patients included according to the admission date and designated it as the overall cohort dataset. Using the “train_test_split” method in Python, we randomly divided the overall cohort dataset into derivation and validation cohorts at a ratio of 3:1, with 1000 patients in the derivation cohort and 333 patients in the validation cohort. This study obtained approval by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (No.2020 − 185). Informed consent was obtained verbally through telephone interviews with the participants or their legal representatives and how their data will be collected, used, and protected were explained to them. To protect privacy, patients’ identifying information (e.g., names, addresses) were removed from the dataset throughout the research to ensure participants’ anonymity and the data is stored securely using encryption and access controls.