Surgical procedures
cataracts, tamponade
RETINA, ADHESION, LENS, PROLIFERATIVE, CATARACTS, CORTEX
Standard 23- or 25-gauge PPV was performed under retrobulbar anesthesia. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs was performed 3–5 days prior to surgery in eyes with broad basement adhesion of the fibrovascular proliferative membrane to the retina. The anterior, posterior, and peripheral vitreous body were substantially removed using a high-speed vitrectomy surgical system, and the posterior vitreous cortex was removed with the aid of triamcinolone acetonide. Moreover, neovascular membranes were dissected and/or peeled off. Endo-laser photocoagulation was finished, and the number of laser shots depended on the preoperative laser status and detached area of the retina. Depending on the condition of the retina, tamponade with a balanced salt solution, air, C3F8 gas, or silicone oil was used. Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs or dexamethasone intravitreal implant was performed, if necessary. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were combined for visually significant cataracts. Generally, silicone oil was removed 3–6 months postoperatively when the retina was stable. The surgical procedures were all performed by one surgeon.