Biochemical assays
Morning fasting venous blood
INSULIN RESISTANCE
Morning fasting venous blood samples were collected from each patient, centrifuged promptly and analysed for standard biochemical parameters in a single nationally accredited laboratory. Spot first-morning urine samples were also collected. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to estimate steady state beta cell function (%B) and sensitivity (%S) as percentages of a normal reference population, and insulin resistance (IR) which is the reciprocal of %S (100/%S) [