Outcomes
PONV, NRS pain, pain
COMPLICATIONS
The primary outcome was the NRS pain score (0–10; 0, no pain; 1–3, mild pain; 4–6, moderate pain; 7–10, severe pain) at 12 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included the NRS pain score and tramadol use within 72 h postoperatively, intraoperative remifentanil use, hemodynamic parameters, extubation time, SAS score after extubation, incidence of POD, incidence of PONV, ESPB-related complications, ambulation time, and length of hospitalization after surgery.