Participants
schizophrenia or psychotic, olfactory disorder, convulsions, DSM-5
DISORDER, TASTE DISORDER, DISORDERS, OLFACTORY DISORDER, DISEASES
Patients attending or hospitalized at the Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan, will be included in the study. The sample size was set as 20 by the following statistical calculation. Using the 7-point Likert scale, we defined 1 to 3 points as improved and 4 to 7 points as non-improved. The McNemar test was used to estimate the sample size for the improved/non-improved binary data. McNemar’s test was used to determine the number of cases required to obtain a significant difference (significance level: 5% two-sided) with more than 90% power in the crossover study. As a result, the number of cases to be analyzed was nine for each group (18 cases in total), assuming a dropout rate of 10%. To reach the target sample size, we will recruit through advertisements at Nagoya University Hospital.The inclusion criteria are as follows: 1. Adult patients with schizophrenia or psychotic features based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), regardless of gender; 2. Patients using sublingual asenapine tablets for more than 2 weeks; and 3. Patients who can provide written informed consent. The exclusion criteria are: 1. Patients with physical diseases or symptoms requiring medical treatment; 2. Pregnant and lactating women; 3. Patients with a history of convulsions; 4. Patients with a substance use disorder; 5. Patients with a taste disorder; 6. Patients with an olfactory disorder; 7. Patients who cannot understand the questionnaire protocol; and 8. Other patients whose inclusion in the study is deemed inappropriate by the attending physician. We will interview participants to determine if they meet these exclusion criteria. The reason for excluding olfactory disorder is that an associations between olfactory and bitter taste receptors has been suggested, and olfactory disorder may also affect the evaluation of taste [