Conclusion
inflammation, schizophrenia, TNF‐α
INFLAMMATION, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Pentoxifylline adjunctive therapy with risperidone for 8 weeks was found to be promising in mitigating the negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Trial registration number: NCT04094207.Phosphodiesterases and inflammation play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia negative symptoms. Treatment with the PDE inhibitor pentoxifylline improve the expression of cAMP and decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokines including TNF‐α and IL‐6. Upregulation of cAMP/PKA signaling triggers the synthesis of dopamine at dopaminergic synapse, blocks the dopamine D2‐receptor, and activates dopamine D1‐receptor in striatonigral neurons. Pentoxifylline adjunctive therapy with risperidone for 8‐weeks demonstrated a favorable efficacy and safety profile in improving the negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
