Intervention key elements
As shown in Table Intervention key elements• Natural scenery• Outdoor leisure• Reminiscence• VR head-mount device• Tablet computer• Intervention implementation manual• Briefing• VR experience• Post-VR group discussion• One hour per session◦ Briefing: 10 min◦ VR experience: 20 min◦ Post-VR group discussion: 30 minThe VR experience is launched on the participants using all-in-one VR head-mount devices. Tablet computers are used to optimize the settings by the interventionists. The image of each participant’s VR experience can also be mirrored on the tablet computers for the interventionists to monitor the progress of the intervention. A standardized intervention implementation manual depicts all the key steps in guiding the participants to explore the virtual environment.In each session of the intervention, there are three parts: briefing, VR experience, and post-VR experience group discussion. In the briefing, VR head-mount devices are calibrated and put on the participants. Rules and control commands will also be introduced to participants. In the VR experience, interventionists will guide the participants to explore the virtual environment following a standardized intervention implementation manual. In the post-VR experience group discussion, the interventionists guide the participants to share their experiences (e.g., interesting encounters, difficulties, and associated anecdotes). The interventionists end the session by concluding their shared experiences.The interventions can be implemented by the interventionists face-to-face with the participants in any room at the LTCF (e.g., activity room, participants’ bedrooms). Participants can join the intervention in a sitting position while they are in their beds or wheelchairs.Each session lasts for approximately 1 h with 10 min spent on the briefing, 20 min spent on the VR experience, and 30 min spent on the post-VR group discussion. There are two sessions per week. The whole course lasts for 6 weeks and there are a total of 12 sessions.