Shotgun metagenomic analyses confirmed the signatures associated with clinical remission.
REMISSION
To further reveal the gut microbial signatures associated with clinical remission, the microbial data obtained after shotgun metagenomic analyses of week 0 Rm (W0_Rm) and W4_Rm and week 0 NRm (W0_NRm) and W4_NRm were analyzed using the paired Wilcoxon test. A total of 5,466 species were annotated using kraken2, of which the relative abundance of 937 species was significantly changed, specifically between W0_Rm and W4_Rm (Table S2). Among the top 20 species exhibiting a shift in abundance levels, the increased relative abundance of Microbial signatures are specifically associated with clinical remission at week 4. Shown are (A) species, (B) KEGG modules, and (C) MetaCyc pathways whose abundance significantly decreased or increased uniquely in W4_Rm compared to the W0_Rm group (namely, not significantly differentiated in W4_NRm versus W0_NRm) during the shotgun metagenomic profiling of fecal samples. The significance was tested using the paired Wilcoxon test. The top 20 signatures of each category indicative of the relative abundance were visualized. Asterisks indicate the mean values of each signature.Metabolic profiles are associated with clinical remission at the baseline and time points after FMT. (A) PLS_DA of metabolomic profiles in the positive-ion model with regard to time points (left panel) and Euclidean distances of samples within the same time points (right panel). Data were subjected to a Hellinger transformation. Letters indicate groupings with significant differences. (B) Metabolites whose relative abundances were significantly different between the baseline and samples after FMT were filtered by variable importance if the variable importance projection (VIP) score was >1 and were structurally identified in databases. (C) PLS_DA of metabolomic profiles in the positive-ion model at weeks 0 and 4 after FMT after achieving clinical remission or not achieving clinical remission (left panel), as well as Euclidean distances of patients between week 0 and week 4 (right panel). Data were subjected to a Hellinger transformation. (D) Metabolites whose levels were significantly decreased or increased uniquely in W4_Rm, compared with the W0_Rm group (namely, not significantly differentiated in W4_NRm versus W0_NRm), were filtered using a VIP score of >1 and structurally identified in databases. (E) Relative abundance of partial metabolites that changed over time after FMT and were further stratified by clinical remission.