Setting
non-alcoholic beverages, alcoholism
MAY
The survey was conducted from May 2022 to January 2023. Participants were recruited from May 30 to July 15, 2022, through the employee website of the University of Tsukuba, by putting up flyers inside and outside the University of Tsukuba campus, and by snowball sampling by the study personnel. The participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. People who wished to participate in the study were asked to answer an online questionnaire in advance to confirm eligibility and exclusion criteria, as well as to participate in an in-person 2-h briefing held on the University of Tsukuba campus and to provide written consent to participate. Nine briefings were held, and the number of attendees at each meeting was restricted to 15 as a COVID-19 prevention measure. In addition to interviews for alcoholism with physicians, measurement of height and weight and collection of saliva samples, this 2-h face-to-face orientation session prior to randomization included careful explanation about this study. We explained the effect of providing non-alcoholic beverages on alcohol consumption was unknown. We also asked participants in both groups to go about their daily lives as usual, with the exception of keeping a drinking diary.