3. Discussion
To the best of our knowledge, the present sub-analysis is the first to investigate the impact of a whey protein-enriched, omega-3-supplemented diet in combination with whole-body vibration training and home-based exercise on the inflammatory status in community-dwelling old adults, using the combination of analyses in serum, in PBMC, and in ex vivo LPS-stimulated whole-blood cultures. A high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet (for 8 weeks) resulted in significantly decreased circulating anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1RA. Moreover, circulating pro-inflammatory IL-6, CCL-2, and HMGB-1 decreased with omega-3 supplementation in men. Gene expression levels of 