Randomization and intervention
BLIND
All participants completed the baseline measurements and were randomized, using a computer-based program, in a 1:1:1 ratio, stratified by sex and work status (to ensure equal workplace-related lifestyle features between groups), into one of the three intervention groups: healthy dietary guidelines (HDG) as an active control group, Mediterranean diet (MED), green-MED, all combined with PA. Interventions lasted for 18 months and were contemporaneous, and participants were not blind to group assignment (open-label protocol). Each participant received complete dietary guidance (based on the specific intervention group) and a free and fully available clinical dietitians consult. Furthermore, all participants received free gym membership, including educational sessions encouraging moderate-intensity PA. Participants in both MED groups were assigned to a diet rich in vegetables, with poultry and fish replacing beef and lamb, with 1500–1800 kcal/day for men, 1200–1400 kcal/day for women. The diet additionally included 28 g/day of walnuts (+440 mg/day polyphenols provided). The green-MED group further consumed green tea (3–4 cups/day) and Wolffia globosa green shake (100 g/day frozen cubes, +1240 mg/day total polyphenols provided). A detailed description of the intervention outline is available in 