Treatment regimen
MUSCLE RELAXATION
Both groups of patients underwent intravenous inhalation compound general anesthesia for surgery, and the administration of medication and endotracheal intubation were both performed by the same anesthesiologist. Upon entering the operating room, routine tests were conducted, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), and electrocardiogram (ECG). A peripheral intravenous infusion channel was established. Anesthesia induction was performed in sequence with sufentanil 0.3 μg/kg, propofol 1.5–2.0 mg/kg, and atracurium besylate 0.15 mg/kg. After 3–5 min of atracurium besylate injection, muscle relaxation was achieved, and a Flexometallic tube with a size of I.D6.5 was used for female patients, and a Flexometallic tube with a size of I.D7.0 was used for male patients. The patient was then turned from a supine position to a prone position, with the head remaining relatively still in comparison to the body during the turning process. Once the turning process was complete, the head was placed on a silicone pillow.A three-way tube was utilized to connect the cuff of the tracheal tube, a 10 ml syringe, and a pressure gauge for monitoring and maintaining cuff pressure at 20–30 cmHThe administration of atracurium besylate injection was ceased 40 min prior to the conclusion of the surgery, and a final dose of 10 μg sufentanil was administered 30 min before the end of the surgery. Following completion of the turning process, sevoflurane was discontinued, and the patient was given pure oxygen for 10–15 min to aid in lung cleaning. Suction care was performed and extubation criteria were confirmed before removing the tracheal tube. In the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), routine monitoring was performed, and the patient was transferred to the ward after satisfying the discharge criteria.The SGB group received an ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block 15 min prior to anesthesia induction. An ultrasound machine was utilized to identify the position of the longus colli muscle at the C6 cervical level. Numerous studies have demonstrated that a right stellate ganglion block more effectively suppresses sympathetic nerve excitability, reduces the stress response, and alleviates fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure. These outcomes aim to stabilize intraoperative hemodynamics [The control group underwent stellate ganglion localization under ultrasound guidance prior to anesthesia induction, but no invasive blocking anesthesia intervention was carried out.