3. Discussion
eczematous skin lesions, inflammation, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lesions, AD, eczema
PROLIFERATION, INFLAMMATION, DISEASE, ECZEMATOUS DERMATITIS, ATOPIC DERMATITIS, CUTANEOUS INFLAMMATION, DYSFUNCTION, PROLIFERATIVE, SKIN DISEASES, ECZEMA
In this combined in vitro and clinical study, we have shown the regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects of SPM. Cutaneous inflammation contributes to progressive symptoms of eczema and chronic atopic dermatitis (AD) [In our in vitro studies, SPM supplementation suppressed IL-1β, IL-6, IL-33, and TSLP transcription in inflamed human keratinocytes (In our clinical study, 3 weeks of topical SPM treatment on eczematous skin lesions ameliorated the signs and symptoms of eczema and atopic dermatitis (SPM comprises numerous components with potential or reported bioactivity in the skin tissue. Among the active components of SPM is an array of amino acids; these can activate specific amino acid receptors to influence signal transduction, proliferation, and inflammation [In addition to immunological dysfunction, disturbed skin barrier also plays a role in developing AD and eczema [In our UV-irradiated 3D epidermis model, an increased level of p63 in the presence of SPM was observed p63, a keratinocyte stem cell marker [One could speculate that SPM inhibits inflammation and increases regeneration by promoting stem cell proliferative potential and activation. However, how SPM relates to stem cell activation requires further exploration. Future studies of topical SPM treatment on eczema or atopic dermatitis with various degrees of disease, longer treatment durations, and in combination with other treatments such as steroids will help us determine the best practice for incorporating SPM to treat inflammatory skin diseases.In conclusion, SPM supplementation significantly reduces the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines in human skin cells in vitro and in a 3D epidermis model. When applied topically, SPM limits the symptoms of eczema and atopic dermatitis for at least three weeks. Our findings suggest that SPM may be developed as a potentially effective topical agent for managing inflammation in case of mild or moderate cutaneous lesions such as eczematous dermatitis.