Sample
psychiatric, transtibial amputation, Pain
DISEASE, UTA, MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE
Initially, 50 participants with Unilateral Transtibial Amputation (UTA) were evaluated and 34 met the inclusion criteria. The sample was divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) ‒ 17 patients with unilateral transtibial amputation non-athletes (evaluated before and after training) and Group 2 (G2) ‒ 17 participants with unilateral transtibial amputation, Paralympic athletes in training (classified or in classification phase) for the 2016 Paralympics. G1 patients were evaluated at the beginning and after the 8-week intervention period of training and G2 underwent a single evaluation and should have been in training at the time of evaluation.The inclusion criteria for G1 were as follows: (i) UTA (any etiology); (ii) Age between 18‒50 years; (iii) Abnormal electrocardiogram; (iv) Absence of the previous injury of any etiology in the last three months before the evaluation; (v) Absence of any other musculoskeletal disease, (vi) Inflammatory, neurological and psychiatric disease; (vii) No smoking and (viii) Use of a prosthesis for three or more months. The inclusion criteria for G2 were as follows: (i) A federated athlete and (ii) A member of the sports teams participating in the 2016 Paralympics in training at the time of the evaluation. In this study, 59% were sitting volleyball athletes, 29% were athletics, and 12% were swimming. A specific type of sport was not an inclusion criterion. Exclusion criteria were: (i) Pain or inability to complete any of the tests; (ii) Arterial hypertension (above 130/90 mmHg) before strength assessment; (iii) Loss of three consecutive training sessions and (iv) Non-attendance of the reassessment session for G1. G1 participants were recruited from the Amputee Ambulatory at IOT-HC-FMUSP and G2 participants were recruited from teams and sports centers specialized in Paralympic sports, which were in the preparation phase for the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Paralympics. That all G2 athletes practiced weight training to assist in their specific sports. The seated volleyball group did a stationary bike to train in aerobics. The aerobic training performed by volleyball athletes lasted from 20 to 30 minutes and had subjective control of loads. Therefore, it was not a metric controlled with scientific rigor. Even weight training, performed by everyone and did not have an evolutionary control of the loads. They performed the exercises according to their sense of well-being. This procedure does not consider the principle of increasing overload to achieve favorable training effects.