Subjects
allergy, ulcers, Crohn’s disease, Behcet’s disease, RAU, anemia, diabetes mellitus, ulcer, trauma
SYSTEMIC DISEASE, MINOR, ALLERGY, INFECTIONS, ULCERS, ANEMIA, DIABETES MELLITUS, APHTHOUS ULCERS, ULCER
The subjects fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: age between 18–65 years old, willing to participate and provide informed consent, and had a history of RAU (at least 2 times/year) on nonkeratinized oral mucosa, presenting with 1–3 minor aphthous ulcers (of ≤ 48 h duration) that were 2–10 mm in diameter and easily accessible for evaluation. The exclusion criteria for phase 3 comprised: history of allergy to CBD, pregnancy/lactation, concurrent oral bacterial/fungal/viral infections, ulcers as a manifestation of a systemic disease, e.g., Crohn’s disease, Behcet’s disease, or anemia, ulcers from trauma, diabetes mellitus patients, treatment with systemic steroids, oral retinoids, or other immunomodulatory agents within 1 week, treatment with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or oral topical medications within 48 h or during project participation, history of dental surgery within 2 weeks of entering the study, or orthodontic braces or retainers that might come in contact with the ulcer.