Data analysis
The SPSS v.26 software was used for data analysis by an expert statistician. The characteristics of the sample were reported using descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, mean values, and standard deviation.A summation variable based on the items of the medication management process was developed to form total time for medication management. The homogeneity of groups referring to clients was tested using two-sample t-test (age) and chi-squared test (gender). The t-test was used to compare the groups at each of the three timepoints for each phase of the process. P-values were corrected with Bonferroni correction to avoid Type I error in inference (Table 