2.11. Statistical Analysis
depression
SECONDARY
All statistical analyses were performed using statistical software R for Windows (R version 4.1.0). Means and standard deviations (SD) for the continuous variables are presented, while numbers and percentages for the categorical variables are shown. A The normality of the primary outcome (i.e., depression) scores was tested by the Shapiro–Wilk test for each combination of the factor levels (group and time). The The normality of the secondary outcome scores was tested by the Shapiro–Wilk test for each time point. For normally distributed outcomes, ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine whether the outcome scores were significantly different between pre- and post-test. For the outcome scores that were not normally distributed, a non-parametric Friedman test was used in order to test the mean difference. A Cohen’s 