Introduction
gingivitis
GINGIVAL BLEEDING, GINGIVITIS, CAVITY
The oral microbiome comprises all commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms present in the oral cavity and is made up of viruses, fungi, protozoa, archaea, and bacteria together with their habitat or ecosystem. At least 750 species of bacteria remain in eubiosis, i.e., in dynamic balance with the host immune system and microenvironmentSaliva contains 99.5% water, 0.3% proteins, and 0.2% inorganic substances, including sodium, chloride, calcium, potassium, bicarbonate, phosphate, fluoride, iodide, and magnesiumThe salivary pH ranges from 6.2 to 7.6, with an average of pH 6.7Herbal toothpastes are mostly prepared with natural ingredientsFew clinical trials have evaluated the effectiveness of herbal toothpastes to treat gingivitis, and only one study has assessed the in vitro antimicrobial activity of toothpaste prepared with olive fruit extractThe objective of this interim study in patients with gingivitis was to determine the effects on gingival bleeding, supragingival biofilm, and salivary flow and pH of toothpaste formulated with EVOO, xylitol, and betaine in comparison to a placebo toothpaste and a commercial toothpaste indicated for gingivitis.