Measures
PCP
The primary outcome was the validated Shared Decision-Making Process survey (SDMP) score (0-4), which measures the extent to which patients are involved in a decision-making process.Exploratory patient outcomes included patient survey responses on which tests were discussed, who raised the idea of tests, and importance of various factors in testing decisions. These outcomes were captured using patient poststudy surveys. We also created a composite measure of potentially low-value routine tests ordered during study visits. Among intervention group patients, we calculated a lower-bound estimate of the proportion who viewed the website. Exploratory physician outcomes (physician poststudy survey) included importance of various factors in testing decisions; consideration of patient out-of-pocket costs; discussion with patients about false positives, incidental findings, and cascades; and barriers to cascade conversations.Physician characteristics included time since residency, gender, race and ethnicity, percentage of professional time in outpatient practice, and prior experience with cascades (prestudy survey). Patient characteristics included age, gender, race and ethnicity, education (prestudy survey), years with primary care physician (PCP) (poststudy survey), and primary insurance (EHR).