Surface roughness analysis
The surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a rugosimeter (Surftest SJ-201P,
Mitutoyo, Kanagawa, Japan) at a distance of 3.2 mm with 3 cut-offs of 0.8 mm,
totaling a readout length of 2.4 mm at a speed of 0.25 mm/s. Three readouts were
performed for each fragment: One in the center of the samples and two at a
distance of 1 mm to the left and to the right, respectively. The mean of these
values was used as the baseline. After the treatments, final readouts were
accomplished, as previously stated; and the surface roughness was calculated by
the difference between final and initial measurements (ΔRa = Ra