Statistical analysis
All clinically derived results were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) at a significance level of 5%. The frequency of the participants’ demographic characteristics was analyzed, and the PD-related oral bacteria and clinical indicators of the saline mouthwash group and LC extract mouthwash group were compared via an independent t-test. The changes over time in each mouth, at baseline, immediately post-treatment (IPT), and 5 d post-treatment (FPT), were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test.