Conclusions
pneumothorax
SECONDARY, COMPLICATIONS, PNEUMOTHORAX
We have demonstrated the first proof-of-concept, confirmed the feasibility and safety of the procedure and provided a long follow-up (more than 7 years for three patients), which further guarantees the achievement of the primary objectives of a phase I–II trial, where absence of secondary effects is the most important finding.It is also relevant to note that the incidence of PAL was nil among patients receiving MSCs and that only one patient presented pneumothorax at discharge. These outcomes point to the effectiveness of the application of MSCs in the parenchymal suture line to prevent PAL in high-risk patients. Additionally, we did not detect any clinical signs or symptoms of complications, or pathological radiological findings associated with the treatment during follow-up.In brief, the results of the current clinical trial have demonstrated that cell therapy with autologous MSCs in prevention of PAL in high-risk patients is safe and feasible. Although the number of cases included in the trial was low, the duration of follow-up exceeded 5 years and no adverse side effects related to cell administration were detected.