THETA robotic-assisted dental implant surgery procedure
The THETA robotic dental implant system (Hangzhou Jianjia Robot Company, Hangzhou, China) is an integrated implant surgical robot and could complete dental implant surgery, which is composed of hardware including a mechanical arm, a binocular camera, an industrial control computer, an integrating platform, and an operation tool. The handpiece can be attached to the manipulator (Fig. A Jianjia U-shape silicone tube (Hangzhou Jianjia Robot Company, Hangzhou, China) was mounted on the edentulous area of the model with silicone impression material (DMG, Hamburg, Germany). The models were scanned with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) (Planmeca ProMax, Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland), all scans were performed at 80 kV and 6.0 mA for 15 s (voxel size: 0.15 mm; grayscale: 15 bits; focal spot: 0.5 mm; and field of view: 12 × 9 cm), then imported into surgical planning software (Cycad DHC-DI, version: V2, Hangzhou Jianjia Robot Company, Hangzhou, China). Implants (NobelParallel CC) were placed virtually in each model. The implant procedure was designed according to the planning software. The experimental operational procedure was shown in Fig. 
Experimental operation procedure with THETA dental implant robotic system