Introduction
bleeding, sinusitis
BLEEDING, SINUSITIS
Endoscopic sinus surgery is a widely utilized treatment for sinusitis, often performed under general anesthesia [Reducing bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery is of paramount importance as it directly impacts the surgical outcome and patient safety. Various approaches have been investigated to mitigate this issue, and one promising method involves the use of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with a combination of the intravenous anesthetic, propofol and the opioid, remifentanil [Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to compare the effects of high-concentration (effect site concentration of 8 ng/ml) remifentanil and low-concentration (effect site concentration of 4 ng/ml) remifentanil on surgical conditions during endoscopic sinus surgery. The dosage of remifentanil was determined based on references from two papers, which have established a safe dosage for patients [