Introduction
diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, CKD, hyperkalemia
DIABETES MELLITUS, ABNORMAL KIDNEY FUNCTION
In the setting of normal kidney function, serum potassium (KRisk factors for hyperkalemia include chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus [No universally accepted standard of care protocol has been established for the treatment of patients presenting with acute hyperkalemia, whether in the ambulatory or emergency room (ER) setting [Oral potassium binders hold particular appeal in patients with advanced CKD where diuretics may be less effective, and where dialysis has inherent risks and is costly. For over 50 years the only available oral potassium binder had been sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS, FDA approved in 1958). In recent years, two new agents have been approved by the FDA for chronic management of hyperkalemia (patiromer in 2015 and SZC in 2018) (Fig. Chemical structure of the oral potassium binders (cation-exchange resins). Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate has a conformational change when sodium (NaSummary of clinical trials with oral potassium binders