1. Introduction
weight gain, CMPA, EHF
FOOD ALLERGY, PROTEIN ALLERGY
CINNAMON Study Investigator Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a prevalent food allergy among infants and young children. We conducted a randomized, multicenter intervention study involving 194 non-breastfed infants with CMPA until 12 months of age (clinical trial registration: NCT03085134). One exploratory objective was to assess the effects of a whey-based extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) supplemented with 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-The developing gut microbiome undergoes major changes from birth to early childhood and significantly impacts early immune development [A previous clinical trial has shown that non-hydrolyzed cow’s milk-based infant formula supplemented with 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-The introduction of a complementary diet from 4 to 6 months of age represents a turning point in the early development of the gut microbiome and immune system. The increased dietary intake of fibers and proteins promotes the establishment of clades that are capable of digesting more diverse glycans and proteins. This is reflected in a progressive shift from a milk-adapted microbiome and metabolism towards a more diverse, adult-like microbial ecosystem rich in firmicutes [Early gut microbiome composition and metabolic profiles change significantly after diet diversification commences. Fermentation of dietary fibers and proteins leads to an increase in colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as butyric acid and propionic acid, and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), respectively [The primary objectives of our clinical study were to investigate the effects of 2′-FL and LNnT supplementation in infants with CMPA on weight gain, anthropometric measurements, and safety as previously published [