Setting, Study Design, and Participants
substance abuse disorder, ideation, MST, traumatic brain injury, cognitive impairment, psychosis, mania, VA PTSD, PTSD, insomnia, trauma
For this RCT, we recruited participants from VA PTSD and other clinics from December 5, 2015, through June 22, 2020. In March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we adapted enrollment, data collection, and intervention delivery from in-person to virtual methods.Participants were randomized to TCTSY or CPT using randomization sequences initially in groups of 24, then in 16 to 20 due to lower-than-expected enrollment (details reported elsewhereParticipants were women veterans aged 22 to 71 years at southeast (site 1) and northwest (site 2) VA health care systems. Sociodemographic data were collected via self-report survey. We included race and ethnicity as a variable because the existing literature on yoga as a treatment for PTSD is largely conducted with White populations, lacking diversity. We also included it because the racial and ethnic profile of the 2 study sites were substantially different. Inclusion criteria were (1) enrolled in VA care, (2) experienced MST, (3) had a current PTSD diagnosis with MST as the index trauma, and (4) had insomnia. Exclusion criteria included current EBT or yoga practice; suicidal ideation with intent or plan; moderate or severe traumatic brain injury or cognitive impairment; and moderate or severe substance abuse disorder, psychosis, or mania. Of the 200 women who consented to participate, 132 were eligible and randomized; the final intent-to-treat (ITT) sample was 131 participants (