3.1. Baseline characteristics
No statistically significant differences were found in the participant preintervention baseline indicators among the CON, TRF, EXE, and TRF + EXE groups (Baseline characteristics of the study participants (The data were expressed as means ± standard deviations. CON, control; TRF, time-restricted feeding; EXE, walking exercise; TRF + EXE, time-restricted feeding combined with walking exercise; BMI, body mass index; BF%, body fat percentage; ATM, adipose tissue mass; LTM, lean tissue mass; TBMD, total bone mineral density; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.