Results
pain
ADVERSE EFFECTS
The study comprised two groups, each consisting of 30 participants. Throughout the course of this trial, no patients withdrew or dropped out from the study. None of the participants reported any adverse effects or disturbances during the interventions. There were 18 females in the control group and 16 in the probiotic group. The distribution of males and females did not show a statistically significant difference according to the chi-square test (P = 0.30). The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 48 years, with a mean age of 27.82 ± 6.79 in the probiotic group and 28.62 ± 6.35 in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean age between the two groups according to the independence test (P = 0.71). The VAS and lesion size results in the two groups did not show any statistically significant difference, as shown in Tables The assessment conducted over four consecutive sessions revealed favorable healing of lesions in both the control and probiotic groups. Table 
Mean lesion size over sessions in control and probiotic group
Mean VAS over sessions in control and probiotic groupThe study’s findings revealed that the probiotic group exhibited a mean reduction of 7.41 ± 1.79 millimeters in lesion size and a mean reduction of 6.54 ± 1.56 scores in pain intensity at the end of the study. The control group exhibited a reduction of 5.94 ± 1.59 millimeters in lesion size and a reduction of 5.82 ± 1.66 scores in pain intensity. (Figs. 
Mean lesion size over sessions in control and probiotic group
Mean VAS over sessions in control and probiotic group