Parameters for evaluation
Pain, corneal abrasion, Postoperative pain, edema, fracture, ectropion, entropion, infection, Postoperative ocular complicationsComplications
SCAR, EDEMA, ECTROPION, ENTROPION, INFECTION, WOUND DEHISCENCE, SCARRING
Follow-up was done regularly for all patients till 3 months postoperative, and the following criteria were assessed:Exposure durationThe duration from performing the incision till the field exposure calculated in minutes.Accessibility to fracture siteAdequate exposure of the infraorbital rim, orbital floor and medial orbital wall provided by the incision and accessibility to proper fracture reduction and fixation.Postoperative pain [Pain was evaluated at 24 h and at 1 week according to a 10-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), (0–1 = none,2–4 = mild,5–7 = moderate,8–10 = severe).Postoperative edemaPostoperative edema was subjectively evaluated at 24 h, 1 week and 4 weeks to be assessed into mild, mild to moderate, moderate to severe and severe.
Postoperative ocular complicationsComplications such as ectropion, entropion, corneal abrasion, scleral show, enophthalalmous, or impaired movement of the eye.
Wound healingThe sutured wounds were examined for presence of infection or any disturbance in wound healing as hardware exposure and/or wound dehiscence.Sensory nerve functionSubjective assessment of the infraorbital nerve sensation by patient questioning about any alteration in sensation at 3 months postoperatively.Objective assessment by dental probe pressure to assess sensory changes along the distribution of the infraorbital nerve with contralateral side comparison (nociceptive method) [
Postoperative scar and esthetic appearancePostoperative scarring was recorded as noticeable or unnoticeable at 6 weeks postoperatively and as a result, esthetic affection was evaluated.