2.1. Study Design
This was a single-center, two-armed, parallel, randomized, double-blind study designed to determine the effect of daily oral intake of an MV/MM supplement (i.e., Centrum Silver™ Men’s Formula) on vitamin and mineral status in healthy male older adults after 6 months of supplementation. This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines set by the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study design was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Oregon State University (Study #7158). The study is registered at 