2.4.1. Baseline Characteristics
comorbidity, fractures, pain
Data collected to characterise the patients at baseline included demographics, instrumental ADL before admission, and cognitive function. Patient demographics, including age, sex, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, the locations and number of acute and previous fractures, and pain medication were obtained from the patients' medical records. Instrumental ADL before admission was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence [