Outcomes and perioperative data collection
delirium, postoperative delirium, stroke, nausea and vomiting, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, Confusion, ileus
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTION, BILIARY FISTULA, ILEUS, STROKE, SURGICAL SITE INFECTION, CARDIAC ARREST, ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, SECONDARY, PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATION, GAS EMBOLISM, DISEASES, PNEUMOPERITONEUM
The primary outcome was the absolute difference in rSO2 between the TMH and TN groups during surgery. The secondary endpoints were the effects of mild hypercapnia on the incidence of postoperative delirium, postoperative outcomes and perioperative complications, intraoperative pH, bicarbonate, base excess, serum potassium, and length of hospital stay (LOS).On arrival at the operating room, the heart rate, SpOWe divided the procedure into seven stages according to intraoperative fluid management and operative position, as follows: Phase 1: after entering the operating room and before the induction of general anesthesia; Phase 2: after the induction of general anesthesia and before cutting the skin; Phase 3: from cutting the skin to pneumoperitoneum establishment; Phase 4: after adjusting the position to the reverse Trendelenburg position and until 10 min after changing position; Phase 5: liver parenchymal transection; Phase 6: after parenchymal transection; Phase 7: after endotracheal tube extubation and before admission to the PACU.In addition, the patients’ characteristics, including age, sex, BMI, ASA grade (I/II), and underlying diseases, were recorded. The surgical techniques used for hepatectomy were also recorded. Postoperative outcomes and perioperative complications, including nausea and vomiting, surgical site infection, intra-abdominal infection, biliary fistula, ileus, hypoxemia, prolonged mechanical ventilation (> 48 h), stroke, venous gas embolism, acute myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, and cardiac arrest, were also recorded. Postoperative delirium was assessed using the validated and widely used Confusion Assessment Method rating scale at around 24 h after surgery by one physician.