Statistical analysis
malaria, fever
MALARIA
Kaplan Meier survival analysis was used to determine the cumulative success rate defined as not reaching a failure point during the time under observation. Individuals diagnosed with malaria who did not have a 28 day follow-up visit and did not meet treatment failure definitions were censored at their last visit. was estimated to assess for possible predictors of treatment failure, including prophylactic regimen, age, sex, ART regimen, presentation with fever, parasite density at presentation, and study site. A random effect for individual was included to account for multiple observations among the same individuals. For the analysis of prophylactic regimen, the CQ and TS treatment arms were combined due to few malaria episodes among individuals on prophylaxis.To examine the association between lumefantrine and desbutyl-lumefantrine concentrations and treatment failure, a Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used to compare the distribution of lumefantrine concentration between patients with treatment failure and those with ACPR. Because the majority of desbutyl-lumefantrine levels were below the level of detection, these levels were classified as detectable or undetectable. Not all participants with concentration data had complete follow-up data. Due to the limited number of data points, participants who were followed up to at least 14 days without treatment failure were classified as treatment successes, participants who were not followed at either 14, 21, or 28 days were excluded. As a day 7 lumefantrine concentration of 200 ng/ml has been associated with higher likelihood of treatment success, the analysis examined whether this cut-off point was associated with treatment failure in this cohort using Pearson’s Chi—squared test. All statistical analysis was conducted in SAS version 9.4 (Cary, NC, USA).