Statistical analysis
pain
Characteristic data from the symptomatic limb are shown as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). In case of bilateral symptomatic limbs, data from the more symptomatic was used. Three inferential statistics were analyzed in the present study. First, repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the peak angles and the joint motions of the lower extremity and multi-segment foot as well as two peaks of ground reaction force during gait among three conditions, including the shod condition, customized insole with medial wedges condition, and customized insole without medial wedges condition. Bonferroni post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison. Regarding the nonparametric data, the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare such outcomes. Second, either the paired sample t test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine pre-post changes in pain intensity, foot function, and plantar fascia thickness after using the insole for 3 months. Finally, the chi-square test was used to compare the number of persons with apparent US and hypo-echogenicity pre- and posttreatment. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 22.0 (IBM Statistics, USA), with a statistical significance level of 