Participant Recruitment and Survey Distribution
Between December 2021 and April 2022, physicians or advanced practice clinicians who prescribe antibiotics in US NHs were recruited via email using a cross-sectional nonprobability convenience sample through professional society listservs and snowball recruiting techniques. Clinicians practicing outside the US, entirely uninterpretable responses, and duplicate responses were excluded. Respondents were reimbursed for their participation ($50 gift card).The electronically administered survey (Qualtrics) instructed participants to enter an order for a single empirical antibiotic for each case by free text response (eAppendix in 