Functional disability
disability, Oswestry Disability
The functional disability was evaluated with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). It is a self-reported questionnaire of 10 questions reflecting the participants' functional activities (self-care, sitting, standing, walking, sleeping, lifting, sexual activity, traveling, social life, and work). For every item, there are six possible answers, ranging from no disability (0) to complete disability All outcomes were obtained by an assessor blinded to patients' treatment allocation at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.