Conclusions
NMIBC
DISEASE, RECURRENCE
In this randomized clinical trial of selenium and vitamin E in patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC, selenium supplementation did not reduce the risk of disease recurrence, whereas vitamin E supplementation was associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Neither selenium nor vitamin E influenced progression or overall survival. These findings suggest that vitamin E supplementation may be harmful to patients with NMIBC, and elucidation of the underlying biology is required.