Surgery summary
toxicity
Forty-six (88.5%) of the 52 patients visited the operating room with surgery intentions. Among the six patients without surgery, one received nivolumab treatment (8.3%, 1/12) and five were treated in the nivolumab plus chemotherapy arm (12.5%; 5/40). The most common reasons for not undergoing surgery were toxicity (Surgical outcomesOf the 46 (100.0%) patients who were initiated using a minimally invasive (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) approach, only two (4.3%) were converted to thoracotomy. Forty-one (89.1%) patients underwent lobectomy, three (6.5%) underwent pneumonectomy, and one (2.2%) underwent sleeve lobectomy and wedge resection respectively. Forty-five (97.8%) patients underwent R0 surgical resection and 26 (56.5%) achieved pathological lymph node downstaging.After the final dose of neoadjuvant treatment, the median interval to surgical resection was 32 days (range 26–56). Five surgeries (5/46, 10.9%) were delayed (Table 