5. Discussion
The neuromuscular theories
The findings of the present study confirmed the hypothesis, indicating that, compared to sham tDCS, the MI training combined with tDCS intervention over the cerebellum significantly improved the balance indices of middle-aged women with high fall risk. The findings also showed that the balance indexes did not improve after MI with a sham tDCS compared to baseline.In this study, participants in the control group received sham tDCS in addition to MI training for 4 weeks. As the assessed balance indexes did not show any significant changes, actually obtained data indicates that MI alone, at a group level, had no significant effect on the assessed balance indexes. The result of the current study is consistent with what Linden et al. and Batson et al. showed in their studies. They concluded that mental practice alone has little or no effect on balance in older adults [The neuromuscular theories of MI [