Surgical technique
OSTEOPHYTES
All surgeries were performed in a level III academic hospital with use of a tourniquet (average time of 80 min) and post-operative closed suction drainage left for at least 12 h. All surgeries were initiated with the use of standard midline incision and medial parapatellar arthrotomy. Tibial cuts were done first using extramedullary alignment jigs. These were made perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia with a posterior slope between 0° and 7°, adjusted to the native posterior tibial slope. The femur was prepared using intramedullary alignment with a valgus angle between 5° and 7°, according to valgus correction angle measured on long-leg standing radiograph. External rotation cuts were done with the posterior condylar axis perpendicular to the transepicondylar line. Femoral bone cuts were made in the sequence as recommended by the surgical protocol. After removal of posterior and peripheral osteophytes, soft-tissue balance was assessed using the FUZION dynamic balancer. Flexion and extension gaps were balanced. No patella resurfacing was performed. All components were implanted with the use of cement.