Study treatments
LPD
Participants were allocated at a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated random consecutive number list. Patients were divided into two groups: (1) the control group, patients received a regular LPD prescription; (2) the intervention group, patients received a regular LPD prescription with 6% LPF. All patients received an LPD prescription clinical guideline recommendation of protein intake (0.6–0.8 g/kg body weight/day) and energy requirement (30 kcal/body weight/day) [6% low-protein formula nutritional compositions