Statistical analysis
pseudomembranous ulcer, pain
The background and demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics. In phase 2, the normal distribution for each variable was determined using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Matched paired differences of vital signs and blood tests before and after CBD use were analyzed using the paired t-test (normally distributed variables) or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (not normally distributed variables). In phase 3, the normal distribution for each variable was determined by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Group differences among the three interventions were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (normally distributed variables) or the Kruskal–Wallis test/Median test followed by Bonferroni correction for multiple tests (not normally distributed variables) for pseudomembranous ulcer size, erythematous border size, pain level, satisfaction, and OHIP-14 score at each monitoring point. The OHIP-14 scores at the first and last visit in each group were compared using the paired t-test (normally distributed variables) or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (not normally distributed variables). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (SPSS 28 for Windows; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). A 