Frailty
weight loss, presbyopia
PRESBYOPIA
Although there are multiple tools that can be used to assess frailty, in CANTOS, we primarily defined frailty according to the accumulation of deficits definition of frailty developed by Rockwood and Mitnitski (To be included in the FI, variables must (1) be related to health status, (2) increase in prevalence with age, (3) not saturate in the population (e.g., presbyopia), and (4) include a range of systems such as cognition, function, and morbidity (Searle et al., The number of deficits present for each individual was divided by the total possible number of deficits, with an overall score ranging 0–1 (e.g., 3 deficits/34 = 0.1). The 99th percentile for most populations 0.7 (Clegg et al., In a sensitivity analysis, we calculated an alternative definition of frailty based on the Fried physical phenotype of frailty. The Fried definition includes five interrelated variables: ≥5 lbs of unintentional weight loss in the last 2 years, self‐reported exhaustion, low‐energy expenditure according to kcal or energy, slow walking speed, and weak grip strength (Fried et al., 