Statistical analysis
SE
Subject characteristics are reported as means ± standard deviation (SD); all other figures are means ± standard error (SE) with individual data points displayed. Data are reported as individual baseline (PRE) values linked to after bed rest (POST) or recovery (REC) values for a given participant or as a difference (Δ) from baseline values. To determine the interaction and main effects of treatment (placebo or metformin) by intervention days (time), a two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized with Sídák's post‐hoc analysis to determine significant differences within timepoints. Main effects of time, treatment, or interaction are provided above figure panels. Pearson correlations were used to identify associations between dependent measurements. For all statistical comparisons, significance was set at the level of 