2.1. Study Design
DISEASE
This was a randomized, controlled, open-label, crossover, preclinical, pilot trial. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness, i.e., the improvement of the accuracy of diagnosis and the shortening of the time spent on the medical interview, of an artificial intelligence-based medical interview-assistance system. This study was conducted twice in 2019 at the Juntendo University Hospital General Medicine Department in Tokyo. The participants, first-year resident physicians from whom consent was obtained, were randomly assigned (1:1) to one of the study arms. After randomization, the participants interviewed the 10 simulated patients. The use of information from the artificial intelligence-based medical interview-assistance system, which is an intervention, was crossed over from the first half to the second half of each arm. The participants gave a diagnosis for each simulated patient, with and without information from the artificial intelligence-based medical interview-assistance system. As the main assessment measure, the participants gave three disease names as differential diagnoses. The primary endpoint was the accuracy rate of the differential diagnoses provided by the participant. The overall flow of this trial is shown in 