Statistical analyses
SECONDARY
All data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), with significance level set to α = .05. Data are presented as mean values per time point, with standard error in bar charts. Data are reported as F-statistic, All primary outcome measures were compared across time points using a 3 (group) × 3 (time) or 4 (time) two-way mixed model ANOVA, with primary outcome measure values at each time point (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months) used as the within factor, and group (PLA, 10 g/d, 20 g/d) as the between factor. Mauchly’s test of sphericity was used to determine sphericity for the interaction prior to analysis of variance (Secondary outcome measures were used to assess the moderating effects of exercise frequency and sex differences across all outcome measures. Average low-to-moderate exercise frequency (min/week) was calculated using surveys from baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, and dichotomized into low frequency (LF: <188 minutes/week) and high frequency (HF: ≥188 minutes/week) exercisers using a 50% frequency distribution. To test secondary outcome measures, all primary outcome measures were assessed via mixed-model ANOVA tests, as stated previously, then further split by, 1) LF/HF groups, and 2) sex, to determine the effects of exercise frequency and sex on primary outcome measures, respectively.Sample size was estimated 