Measurements
Bradycardia, Hypotension, T10 dermatome sensory block
REGRESSION
The primary outcome was effective intrathecal block. Secondary outcomes included: the onset time of sensory block, which was defined as the time taken from intrathecal injection to T10 dermatome sensory block level being achieved; the highest level of sensory block within 10 min after intrathecal injection and the time taken to reach this maximal sensory block; the duration of sensory block, which was defined as the time to 2 segment regression checked every 10 min after achieving peak sensory block level; the onset time of motor block (assessed in both lower extremities using the Bromage scale [Hypotension (defined as systolic BP 20% less than the baseline value or less than 90 mmHg) was treated with 40 µg intravenous phenylephrine and was repeated as needed. Bradycardia, defined as HR < 50 beats·min