Clinical implications
anxiety
This study can help in improving the pre-procedure guidelines to reduce the anxiety, fear and stress levels among patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopic procedures along with the standard of healthcare. It will help to improve standard operating procedures before an invasive procedure and afford more comfort to the patient. It is a safe, low-cost nonpharmacological method that may play an important role in improving physical and psychological factors before the endoscopic procedure. The endoscopists should implement counselling with visual aid intervention to reduce the anxiety and distress towards endoscopy and enhance patient cooperation during the procedure.Future studies can be done after the implementation of the updated standard operating procedures comparing the impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety and stress in patients undergoing endoscopy. A randomized control trial can be conducted to compare the efficacy of pharmacological agents versus psychoeducation and the use of drugs prior to the endoscopy procedure can be reduced.