Limitations
LBP, disability, pain
The primary limitations of this pilot feasibility study were small sample size and descriptive comparisons to infer trends in clinical and EEG outcomes. However, these limitations reflect the purpose of our feasibility study, which was to provide estimates of clinical outcome measures (pain and disability) to support sample size calculation for use in fully powered trial. Based on results of this study, a future fully powered trial will be conducted to evaluate efficacy of ISF-NF training. The future RCT could tests the effect modifiers of LBP subgroups on clinical outcomes. Another limitation is that the XYZ coordinates for the 3 selected areas were based on a neurosynth meta-analysis of pain. While this is should be optimal for the group, this may be suboptimal for the individual. For example, the selection of the pgACC XYZ coordinates was based on the neurosynth meta-analysis for pain, yet there may may be more optimal ROIs to target for the individual patient. Similarly, the connectivity between the SSC and salience network is topographic, i.e. based on which part of the body is in pain