3.2 Whole-brain dynamics of depression is heterogeneous
personality disorder, comorbidity, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, autism
DISORDERS
Parameter-sets were estimated by non-parametric fitting of the model to the resting-state FC at baseline (Global feedback parameter F and global modulation index M were larger for DEP1 compared with DEP2; however, the bifurcation parameter A and global coupling parameter G were larger in DEP2 subtype compared to DEP1. A larger bifurcation parameter A indicates a potential higher neural excitability. In a system with a larger global modulation index M, the angular frequency dynamics of individual oscillators (i.e., regions) have higher sensitivity to the subsiding ensemble activity in their immediate neighboring regions (i.e., the ones which are structurally connected together). The attractor space for the two estimated optimal parameter-sets within the search interval was illustrated in To ensure that the two unraveled subtypes (i.e., DEP1, n = 20 and DEP2, n = 22, for more information on the demographic and treatment allocation of depression subtypes, please refer to We also assessed whether the two subtypes were associated with the comorbidity of depression with anxiety, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or personality disorder, using Pearson’s chi-squared tests. We found no association between the detected subtypes and the comorbidity with any of the above-mentioned disorders (all 