Surveillance
upper-tract
RECURRENCES, DISEASE
Surveillance was performed 4 to 8 weeks after completion of therapy induction and involved formal restaging or an office cystoscopy. Formal restaging procedures included cystoscopy (with blue light in most cases), bladder barbotage cytological testing, bilateral upper-tract barbotage cytological testing, bilateral retrograde pyelogram, random bladder biopsy, and prostatic urethral biopsy. Patients with negative cystoscopic results and suspicious or positive cytological results during surveillance underwent additional restaging procedures. Patients with low-grade recurrences received repeat TURBT or office fulguration and were considered for continued maintenance or reinduction therapy. When patients were disease free, repeat cystoscopic and bladder cytological testing was performed quarterly for 2 years, twice annually for 2 more years, and annually thereafter. Routine upper-tract imaging was obtained every 1 to 2 years until year 5, then as indicated.