Data processing, comparison, and application
The study had two phases: pre- and post-implementation. The pre-implementation phase developed an AI predictive model and integrated it with the HIS. The post-implementation phase compared outcomes between the non-AI and AI groups. The feature of sex was transformed into 1 (male) or 0 (female). Missing or ambiguous data were defined by a team comprising emergency physicians, data scientists, information engineers, nurse practitioners, and quality managers. Data with missing feature variables were deleted or estimated with an average value. Second, we divided the data into training (70%) and test (30%) datasets according to previous studies [