Conclusion
Our newly developed prediction models were able to distinguish between IAC and AAH/AIS/MIA. We revealed that radiomics features reflect the heterogeneity and invasiveness of sub-centimeter SSNs. These models may offer a noninvasive and convenient method to improve preoperative prediction for surgeons to avoid over- or undertreatment. The predictive performance of the models will be further improved by including additional clinical factors and validating using multicenter datasets.