Objective of the current study
This study aimed to investigate how spatial ability affects anatomy learning using drawing assessment, and the effects of colour coded PR3DMs on extraneous cognitive load and learning performance. We hypothesised that (1) learners with high spatial ability would have better anatomy performance in drawing assessment, (2) colour coded PR3DM (i.e., A3DM) of the liver will decrease ECL, and (3) learning with A3DM models would results in better anatomy performance. Gaining a deeper understanding about these will hopefully aid in the design of tools and curriculum for anatomy teaching and learning, including possible customisation based on individual needs and abilities.