Randomization
cancer
CANCER, METASTASIS
A total of 124 patients who met inclusion criteria were assessed for eligibility. Among them 60 patients were excluded due to inability to understand Korean, 2 medical issues, and 57 declined participation of the study. Out of 64 patients, we excluded one participant before randomization due to metastasis found during surgery. A total of 63 patients were randomly assigned to the exercise or usual care groups (1:1 ratio). Randomization was performed using a permuted block design, with stratification by age, sex, body mass index, and cancer type (colon vs. rectal). Allocation concealment was implemented by sequentially numbered, sealed and opaque envelopes. We used a minimization method to balance the prognostic factors between the groups [