5. Conclusions
ADHD
Although the long-term efficacy of this study has not yet been provided, this preliminary research offers initial evidence, demonstrating the prospects of a parent training program in effectively improving the core ADHD symptoms and emotional behavior and social functioning in preschool children, without any safety issues identified so far. However, since preschool ADHD usually requires very cautious medication treatment and poses safety concerns, this preschool parent group may fill the gap in China's preschool ADHD parent behavior management training, to avoid using medication as the first-line treatment option. Notably, the efficacy of the intervention group continues three months after the intervention, indicating that the effects will be further maintained, and a virtuous cycle begins once the parents master the skills. Lastly, compared to individual treatment, the parent group is a cost-effective intervention option. However, the conclusion is affected by a high dropout rate due to the pandemic, resulting in a small sample size and limitations in assessment measures, so there is still a need for a larger sample and more comprehensive and objective assessment measures (such as independent observations, audiotapes) for long-term follow-up to further validate these preliminary findings. In the future, the synergistic enhancement effect can be judged by comparing combined treatment (parent training + medication) with medication alone. Simultaneously, the intervention plan will be expanded to directly involve children, in conjunction with parent training, and, through longitudinal research, further determine whether early intervention brings sustained benefits in academic and social functions.