Background
malaria, HPV-associated anal, HPVs
ANAL SQUAMOUS CELL CANCER, MALARIA, PERSISTENT INFECTION, HSIL, ANAL CANCERS
Up to 95% of anal cancers (anal squamous cell cancers, ASCC) are caused by persistent infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) [Artesunate, formulated as a suppository, is approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) as first-line treatment for acute malaria in children who are in remote settings with limited access to healthcare [Studies have demonstrated cytotoxic effects of artesunate on HPV-infected cells while having minimal effect on healthy cells [This open label Phase 1 study investigated the safety and tolerability of a novel non-surgical treatment of HPV-associated anal HSIL, using artesunate suppositories.