1. Introduction
CVDs, Cardiovascular diseases
CVD, ELEVATED CHOLESTEROL, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Emerging evidence suggests that PPARG gene polymorphisms may influence lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk, with omega-3 fatty acids proposed to modulate these effects. This study aims to assess the effects of fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular markers among adults with PPARG gene polymorphisms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A cohort of 102 patients with LDL-C 70–190 mg/dL was randomized to receive either 2000 mg of omega-3 fatty acids or a placebo daily for 90 days. In the omega-3 group with PPARG polymorphisms, LDL-C was reduced by 15.4% (95% CI: −19.8% to −11.0%), compared with a 2.6% decrease in the placebo group (95% CI: −4.1% to −1.1%; Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a predominant cause of morbidity and mortality globally, underscoring the necessity for efficacious preventive and therapeutic strategies [Elevated cholesterol levels are identified as a primary modifiable risk factor for CVD. The management of cholesterol levels is crucial for mitigating the risks associated with CVD, especially in patients with Low-to-Moderate Cardiovascular Risk [The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) gene, a key regulator of fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism, has mutations linked to augmented cardiovascular risks [Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily derived from marine oils, have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing cardiac function and attenuating inflammatory processes, thus representing a prospective modulatory therapeutic approach for patients harboring mutations in the PPARG gene [Previous research suggests a nuanced interaction between omega-3 fatty acids and genetic variations at the PPARG locus, potentially affecting blood lipid profiles and, by extension, cardiovascular risk [This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by conducting a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled superiority trial to ascertain the efficacy of fish oil supplementation in ameliorating cardiovascular markers among adults with confirmed PPARG gene polymorphisms.