Predictive models construction
The eligible data after the selection were randomly classified into the training and validation cohort according to the ratio of 8:2. As mentioned above, four predictive models were developed using the training cohort, including LR, RF, SVM, and XGBoost, with five‐fold cross‐validation, which was employed during the training of the ML algorithms. An easy‐to‐operate LR model is frequently applied to investigate the effect of trait variables on the target variable, which is typically a binary classifier, such as the survival status of CC patients at 5 years (alive or dead).