Conclusions and Implications
presenting to sleep, insomnia
Addressing sleep–wake state discrepancy by providing education and guidance on wearable measured sleep data could reduce symptoms of insomnia. However, the scope of these benefits was modest compared to sleep education and sleep hygiene, and likely inferior to that of CBT-I.From the perspective of increasing consumer sleep wearable devices, this study underlines the need for further research in how sleep data are presented to (1) relatively healthy individuals, and (2) individuals with insomnia and sleep concerns. Findings from this study provide empirical evidence for the provision of guidance (such as those used in this study) alongside wearable sleep data to support healthy interpretation. This may be particularly important for individuals with insomnia where sleep–wake state discrepancy is especially pronounced. However, this study also highlighted that providing sleep data along with guidance of interpretation is likely not sufficient as a treatment for insomnia on its own.From the perspective of insomnia treatment, CBT-I is an established effective approach, yet it does not traditionally incorporate recorded sensor-based sleep data. Furthermore, there are increasing numbers of individuals presenting to sleep services with their own recorded sensor-based sleep data, who have an expectation that clinicians utilize that information [