References
human skeletal muscle
Trial design. GXT = graded exercise test to determine VOPerformance trial and glucose response. The completion time (seconds) for 20 km time trial (Effects of Effects of Effects of AMPK signaling pathway. AMPK signaling in protein expression in skeletal muscle obtained from participants following 4 weeks supplementation and exercise. (Human primer sequences used for Real-Time PCR analysis of human skeletal muscle.ACC-α, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; AMPK-α, 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase alpha; FoxO1, forkhead box protein O1; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1; IRS-2, insulin receptor substrate 2; PGC1-α, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PPAR-α, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha.Participant characteristics following each treatment.LDL: low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol; TtE: time to exhaustion test; SS: steady state. Values are expressed as means ± SEM. 