M1 polarization assay
The effect of treatment with participant plasma and individual metabolites on the induction of M1 polarization was assessed via enzymatic analysis of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase activity in macrophage cell lysates. M0 THP-1 macrophages were incubated for 2 d with 100 ng/mL of LPS and 20 ng/mL of interferon gamma (INF-γ), a known M1 polarization inducer [