The control group
STRETCHES
The participants within this group received the conventional physiotherapy program including hot packs (5–10 min), passive mobilization exercises for glenohumeral (GH) joint, and scapulothoracic articulation. GH joint mobilizations (posterior gliding for increasing flexion and internal rotation, caudal glide for increasing abduction, and anterior gliding for increasing external rotation). Scapulothoracic mobilization was applied for improving the movements of scapula (protraction/retraction, elevation/depression, and rotation). For active ROM exercises and pendular exercises, the patient was instructed to lean forward and place the unaffected hand on a table. While keeping a straight back and a relaxed shoulder, softly sway the arm forth and backward; the exercise was repeated by shifting the arm from side to side and then in an orbicular movement (10 reps, 5 times per day), wall climb exercises (hold for 15–30 s at the peak, 10 reps, 5 times daily), and capsular stretching exercises (anterior, posterior and inferior capsular stretches) and sustaining for 15–30 s, 5 reps, 5 times/day [