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HEMODYNAMIC INSTABILITY, RECRUITMENT
All patients received deep sedation and neuromuscular blockers at the time of measurements and were ventilated using an EngströmEsophageal pressure was measured with a specific nasogastric feeding tube equipped with an esophageal balloon (NutriventTo normalize volume history, a recruitment maneuver was performed in volume-controlled ventilation in absence of hemodynamic instability by increasing PEEP level up to 20 cmHFlow, airway pressure, and esophageal pressure–time curves were recorded using a dedicated computer connected to the ventilator with a 40 ms sampling time for offline analysis.