Introduction
premenstrual syndrome
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS), PMS, SYNDROME, VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY, PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a set of physical, mood, and behavioral symptoms that occur in at least two consecutive cycles in the luteal phase of menstruation and interfere with an individual, family, social, or occupational activities of the affected womanThe causes of premenstrual syndrome are not fully understood, but mood swings due to ovarian cycle activity and the effects of estradiol and progesterone on serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are major factorsGiven the probability effectiveness of taking supplements to improve PMS symptoms in some studies, Iran has a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than the global level. Considering a very high prevalence of 30 to 90% of vitamin D deficiency over the past two decades in countries such as China, Turkey, India, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, following the national prophylactic therapy protocol for vitamin D3 insufficiency recommended by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of IranPsychological approaches can also be used for treating PMS as they reduce negative emotions during menstruation and reduce psychological symptoms. One of these approaches is cognitive-behavioral group counselingAnother PMS-related intervention is lifestyle modification which includes diet, physical activity, self-care, non-smoking, avoiding alcohol and drug use, improving social relationships, and stress managementGiven the recurrent nature of PMS, affected women may experience many mental and physical changes. Finding an effective treatment for this syndrome has always been an important concern