Statistical analyses
teeth dentition
First, we conducted descriptive analyses of the basic characteristics of the participants. The outcomes were examined for data with normal distribution, and skewed data were log-transformed. Second, bivariate analyses were performed to identify differences in variables in the baseline survey between groups A and B and between groups A and C to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention in improving oral and overall health outcomes. Third, we conducted mixed-model analyses between groups A and B and between groups A and C. The model was adjusted for age, sex, intervention type (intervention or control), time (baseline or endline), and interaction between intervention type and time. Fourth, mixed-model analyses of group A were performed to assess the longitudinal association between changes in oral and overall health outcomes. In addition to oral health outcomes, the model was adjusted for age, sex, and time (baseline or endline). Each oral health outcome was assessed separately with the overall health outcomes to prevent multicollinearity. Oral health outcomes were examined for association with overall health outcomes with continuous variables, while the association with viral load was examined with a binary variable with the mean as the cutoff. We also stratified children’s dentition types at the baseline (mixed dentition and permanent teeth dentition) and performed above mentioned mixed model analyses. We did not conduct stratified analyses on the deciduous teeth dentition as the sample size was not large enough. The threshold for statistical significance was 