Conclusion
Biomedical doctoral students frequently chose DRP when facing dilemmas. We did not find any evidence of the impact of post-doctoral researchers and supervisors. However, there was some variability across the vignettes, and more studies are needed. This study also provides insights into the research practices of PhD students in biomedical disciplines across multiple countries. The study findings can be useful to universities, research integrity bodies, research funders, and training providers. These stakeholders should provide training to students and staff as well as supervisors and post-doctoral researchers.