Randomization
Participants were randomized to one of 2 parallel groups using a block randomization protocol in a 1:1 allocation ratio using an online computer-generated random number sequence by a physician associate not involved in the trial. Participants were randomized to either solo iVR (with the individual training as either a surgeon or scrub technician) or team iVR (training with a co-participant surgeon or scrub technician). Group allocation was concealed until participants were fully enrolled in the study.