Introduction
obesity, obese, CKD, chronic kidney disease, inflammation, weight reduction
OBESITY, OBESE, INFLAMMATION, DISEASE, INSULIN RESISTANCE, METABOLIC DISORDERS
Nutritional therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) has received increasing attention in recent years. Previous studies may have focused on protein energy expenditure in patients with CKD, but with lifestyle changes, the prevalence of obesity has gradually increased (Intermittent fasting has been an attention-grabbing approach to successful weight reduction for obese adults in recent years. Previous studies have shown that intermittent fasting methods (Time-restricted feeding is one form of intermittent fasting popular for its benefits in weight management, improving cardiovascular indicators, and promoting insulin resistance (Meanwhile, chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue had been shown to be an important contributor to metabolic disorders, and thus obesity is also considered an inflammatory immune disease (The relationship between CKD and gut microbiota has always been a research hotspot. Based on the gut-kidney axis theory (