Measurements
Frailty
Tilburg Frailty Indicator was measured with a 15-item questionnaire, addressing physical (8 questions), psychological (4 questions), and social domains (3 questions). All items were dichotomized and scored with 0 points (absence) or 1 point (presence), and summed to obtain the total score ranging from 0 to 15 [Alternative frailty assessment tools were included: Fried’s Frailty Phenotype [