Inclusion and exclusion criteria
malocclusion
The inclusion criteria were: (1) age between 12 and 20 years; (2) bilateral ADDwoR (Wilkes stage III to V) diagnosed by MRI; (3) skeletal Class II malocclusion with SNB < 78°and ANB > 4°measured by cephalometric films [After the patients were screened, written informed consent to participate was obtained before enrolling them in the study.