Study design and settings
This prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial was approved by the institutional review board of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (LYS [2019]051) and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (number: ChiCTR1900025241; date of registration: 17/08/2019). The surgeries were carried out at Xuanwu Hospital in Beijing, China. All participants granted both verbal and written informed consent. This study followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) reporting guideline for randomized clinical trials.