Study design
We conducted a non-randomized controlled prospective study within the Université Paris-Cité Medical School to evaluate the effectiveness of an early formative OSCE program for students in the preclinical years of their medical education on summative OSCE performance at the end of the last year of the pre-clinical cycle (i.e., third year of medical school in France) compared to students following the standard teaching program of the medical school without an OSCE. In addition, student feedback on the early formative OSCE program was also evaluated.