Clinical Parameters (Median Interquartile
Range (IQR)) of Young Adult Men (YA) and Older Adult Men (OA) at Fasting
at the Beginning of the Semi-controlled Diet (Adapted from Kim 
The participants were required to undergo a 3 week
period (19 days)
with a semi-controlled (SC) diet followed by 2 days with a fully controlled
(FC) diet before the acute tests were conducted with dairy products
(Schematic overview
of the study design. Abbreviations: OA: older
adult; YA: young adult; SC: semi-controlled; FC: fully controlled.For the semi-controlled diet, dairy products were
eliminated and
fermented foods were significantly reduced from the participants’
diets. The fully controlled diet was completely free of both dairy
and fermented foods. The aim of the 3 week controlled phase was to
reduce circulating concentrations of molecules associated with dairy
and fermented food intake and to maximize the magnitude of participants’
postprandial response to the acute intake of dairy products. In addition,
this phase supported the identification of metabolites that might
respond to both dietary phases of the study design. Verification of
the participants’ adherence to the controlled phase was performed
as described by Kim On the day of the postprandial test response to the acute intake
of dairy products, the participants consumed 600 mL of whole UHT-milk
or yogurt as described in Kim 