PF robustly and uniquely alters the human plasma metabolome
Comprehensive untargeted metabolomic analysis of participant plasma revealed remarkable alterations to the human metabolome in response to feeding, fasting, and re-feeding (see Prolonged fasting dramatically alters human metabolome and upregulates bioactive metabolites. Volcano plot analysis of the fasted metabolite levels compared with the baseline metabolite levels showing over 375 significantly different metabolites between the 2 states (A). Principal component analysis of complete metabolite datasets between the baseline, fed, fasted, and re-fed states (B). Circulating levels of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in participant plasma (C). Significance between timepoints for all metabolite levels (C–E, G–J) is denoted by their assigned letter (a–c) where groups that share an assigned letter in common were found to have no significant differences (