1. Introduction
obesity, T2D, overweight, overweight or obesity, pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, weight loss, disease of abnormal carbohydrate, diabetes
OBESITY, SECONDARY, PRE-DIABETES, TYPE 2 DIABETES, DIABETES
Current address: D17-Charles Perkins Centre Research and Education Hub, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.Background: Dietary sugars are often linked to the development of overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but inconsistencies remain. Objective: We investigated associations of added, free, and total sugars, and glycaemic index (GI) with indices of glucose metabolism (IGM) and indices of body fatness (IBF) during a 3-year weight loss maintenance intervention. Design: The PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions, after an 8-week weight-loss period, on the incidence of T2D. This secondary observational analysis included pooled data assessed at baseline (8), 26, 52, 104 and 156 weeks from 514 participants with overweight/obesity (age 25–70 year; BMI ≥ 25 kg⋅mIn parallel with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a major public health concern, with the incidence and/or prevalence of comorbidities continually increasing [Although T2D is a disease of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, meta-analyses from prospective cohort studies have shown no clear association between the sum of all digestible carbohydrates and incident T2D [The PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) study was a long-term randomised controlled weight loss maintenance trial designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions in a 2 × 2 factorial design on the incidence of T2D in individuals with overweight or obesity and pre-diabetes after an initial 8-week weight loss period on a predominately liquid low-energy diet [