2.2. Experimental Design
In order to reduce learning effects during the experiment and guarantee high-quality results, all players were familiarized with the experimental protocol and the equipment throughout the course of the two weeks before the study at two distinct times of day: 08:00 AM and 06:00 PM.The three testing periods included in the experimental protocol were: the week prior to Ramadan (Pre-R), the final week of Ramadan (R), and the week immediately following Ramadan (Post-R). Athletes completed two counterbalanced test trials throughout each period, one in the morning (AM) (08:00 AM–09:00 AM) and one in the evening (PM) (06:00 PM–07:00 PM) (Moreover, during the two periods of Ramadan ((Pre-R) and (Post-R)), each participant took part in a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced experimental design in two different conditions in which they ingested: (a) (Caff) (6 mg·kg