2.1. Patient Enrollment
septic
We enrolled septic patients from medical ICUs at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, a 2700-bed tertiary teaching hospital in southern Taiwan, between August 2020 to December 2022 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04989569). Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: (1) age < 18 years, (2) conditions that may interfere with the accuracy of BIA measurement (e.g., limb amputation, skin wounds in areas for sensor attachment), and (3) absence of informed consent signed by patients or their surrogates.