Outcomes
Respiratory parameters were measured before and 7 days after surgery using a pulmonary function equipment (Italy, COSMED Quark PFT3). Parameters measured included vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FEV), forced vital capacity in the first second (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1 to FEV, and peak expiratory flow (PEF).Exercise capacity was evaluated before and 7 days after surgery using the 6-min walking test (6 MWT). Patients were instructed to walk at their fastest speed on the indicated line without running, and the distance walked at 6 min was recorded [Activities of daily living (ADL) during hospitalization were measured using the modified Barthel index rating scale on days 1, 3 and 5 after surgery. The scores are distributed among 10 items as follows: grooming and bathing (five points each); feeding, toilet use, stair climbing, dressing, bowel management, and bladder management (10 points each); and chair/bed transfer and mobility (15 points each).