Results
All 46 medical students (median [range] age, 22 [18-27] years; 27 [59%] women) and 14 surgeons (median [range] age, 45 [35-59] years; 14 [100%] men) completed the trial, and no one was lost to follow-up. Medical students were in the preclinical period of their studies (19 students [41%] in premedicine program; 16 students [35%] in first year of medical school; and 11 students [24%] in second year of medical school) and had minimal surgical experience.