ROMs
neck pain
CONTRACTION, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The cervical joint ROMs were used as an objective measure to assess the effect of stimulation therapies, such as acupuncture, TENS, and manual therapies, on neck pain. In those studies, the cervical ROMs increased [The trapezius muscles are reportedly stiffer in individuals with neck and shoulder discomfort than in those without such symptoms [The pathophysiology of developing stiffness of the neck and shoulder muscles remains unclear. One possible explanation is attributed to the vicious circle model that nociceptive inputs induce muscle tension and afferent activity elicited by muscle contraction that enhances muscle tension [