Patients
coagulation abnormality, allergic reaction
ALLERGIC REACTION, COMPLICATIONS
The adult patients who were scheduled for elective LCS aged over 19 years and with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of class I or II were included in this study. Patients in whom needle insertion and bupivacaine injection could cause significant complications, including those with a history of allergic reaction to local anesthetics, serum creatinine level of > 2.0 mg/dL, coagulation abnormality, platelet count of < 50,000/mm