2.4.6. Satiety
satiety, appetite
Immediately before food consumption on the morning of the test, and for a maximum of 3.5 h after WB consumption, the subjects were asked to rate their level of satiety with a widely used and researched visual analogue scale for measuring dimensions of appetite [The subjects were asked to rate their appetite at regular intervals coinciding with blood glucose measurements, using a four-dimension, 10-cm, visual analogue scale (VAS), with the dimensions: How hungry do you feel? (Not at all hungry—extremely hungry); How full do you feel? (Not at all full—extremely full); How strong is your desire to eat? (Not at all strong—extremely strong); How much food do you think you can eat? (Nothing at all—a large amount), based on published research on VAS scales for assessing appetite [To obtain a satiety score, the four appetite dimensions were combined by averaging the four scores at each time. For all treatments, the scores on the different appetite dimensions tracked each other so closely (after subtracting the “How full do you feel?” value from 10), that it allowed the four dimensions within each treatment to be averaged. This average appetite score was converted to a satiety score by subtracting the mean appetite score at each time from the mean score at time 0, assumed to be the time of least satiety after the overnight fast and no breakfast. The mean appetite responses were converted to incremental satiety scores for subjects with an initial (time 0) appetite score of 5 or more. Individuals with mean appetite scores of <5 were excluded because of their low potential to show satiety effects at least at the start of a testing session.