3D models of the five virtual classroom environments and the laboratory space.
(A) The classroom for conducting the experiment at Duke Kunshan University. (B) Control: Non-biophilic classroom. (C) Intervention 1: Indoor green–green plants and natural materials. (D) Intervention 2: Outdoor green–natural view and daylight into indoor space through windows. (E) Intervention 3: Turbid outdoor green–blocked outdoor view with visual turbidity (same classroom view as intervention 2). (F) Intervention 4: Combination–biophilic elements from indoor green and outdoor green.To accommodate the quality-consuming task for VR, we purchased and assembled CPU AMD R7 5800X, mainboard ASUS TUF GAMING B550M-plus, and GPU NVIDIA GeForce GTX2070. The initial 3D virtual classroom model building was done in Rhino 7 software by a professional vendor. 3D models were then modified and rendered by Simlab Composer 10 and stored locally. We chose HTC VIVE CE (