Clinical and radiographic evaluation
bite, abnormal mobility, swelling, radiolucency, pain, tooth, tenderness
The evaluation was carried out by two blinded trained pediatric dentists. At each follow-up period, the teeth were clinically assessed for the absence of swelling, tenderness with percussion, abnormal mobility, and spontaneous pain.Radiographic assessment was done immediately following tooth restoration as a baseline and after that at 3, 6, and 12 months. Direct standardized digital radiographs were obtained with a photo-simulated phosphorus plate sensor (PSP, Planmeca ProSensor HD, Helsinki, Finland). The parallel periapical approach was achieved by the Rinn (XCP, Eign, IL) that was fitted to the x-ray tube with its arm fixed to the film holder which held a coated PSP (photo-stimulated phosphorous plate). Condensation rubber base impression material was placed on the outer surface of the film holder, and the child was instructed to bite on it during the material setting to guarantee standardization during radiographic image retakes. The sensor was subjected to an X-ray device (Planmeca ProX, Helsinki, Finland) at 70 kVp, 6 mA, and 0.8-s exposure time with perpendicular central ray to the sensor. Radio-densitometric and radiometric analyses of the radiographs were conducted using the histogram feature and length tool of Adobe Photoshop CS6 software (Adobe System, Inc., San Jose, CA). Radio-densitometric analysis was assessed by picking the regions of interest (ROIs) in middle of furcation area to quantity mean value of gray level while radiometric analysis was carried out by evaluating periodontal ligament widening through using measuring tool of software from base of furcation to deepest part of periodontal ligament space. Radiographic success was interpreted as a decrease or no change in preoperative pathologic inter-radicular radiolucency and a lack of new postoperative pathologic radiolucency also, decrease or no change in pre-operative periodontal ligament space.