Quantification of attention
alertness
(1) Attention Network Test (ANT): according to the attention network theory, the attention system can be divided into three anatomically and functionally independent components, i.e., alertness, orientation, and executive control. It reflects the individual’s ability to acquire and maintain a state of alertness to a certain type of information, selective attention to use external information, and processing conflicting information [(2) Schulte Grid Test: is a classic attention assessment and training tool [(3) Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT): subjects were asked to fill in the number of the corresponding character in the box corresponding to the symbol below as soon as possible, according to the symbol at the top of the page and its corresponding number. The number of items correctly completed within 90 s was scored on the scale. Changes in scores 3–4 were considered clinically relevant [