Estimated ATE for time-to-event endpoint
The mean estimated ATEs for time-to-event endpoint from the raw model also considerably differed from the true effects in all scenarios (e.g., log hazard ratio = -0.65 versus -0.83 in scenario 1). The mean estimated ATEs for time-to-event endpoint from g-computation, IPTW, OW, SMR, and TMLE in scenario 1 were -0.83, -0.81, -0.86, -0.85, and -0.68, respectively, which closely approximated to the true effect except the estimate by TMLE with a conversion from RR to HR had an obvious deviation (-0.68 versus -0.83). As shown in Fig. Density distribution of treatment effect estimates by different methods for a time-to-event endpoint (