Participants and enrollment criteria
psychotic or bipolar disorder, psychiatric
DISORDER, PREMATURE BIRTH
Seventy-eight daily tobacco smokers were enrolled and scanned. Eligibility was determined using a multi-stage procedure that included on-line, telephone, and face-to-face assessments. Eligibility criteria included: 18–40 years old; smoke at least 10 cigarettes/day for at least 6 months; baseline breath carbon monoxide (CO) level of ≥8 parts per million (ppm) at baseline; normal or corrected-to-normal color vision; English proficiency; and self-reported absence of a non-nicotine substance use disorder, lifetime psychotic or bipolar disorder, lifetime neurological or pervasive developmental disorder, very premature birth, current psychiatric treatment, MRI contraindications, or prior experience with aversive electrical stimulation. Similar tobacco-use and carbon-monoxide criteria have been used in prior laboratory studies and clinical trials [e.g. Three individuals were excluded from all analyses due to study withdrawal (