Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein gene in samples from Vietnam
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Of 126 genomes that underwent sequencing, 55 S gene sequence variants (SGSV) were identified based on SNP pattern. SGSV-1 was identical to the Wuhan-Hu-1/2019 (MN908947) reference strain without any SNPs or indels. The remaining 54 SGSVs had at least one SNP compared to the reference (Figs.  Four different SGSVs were identified within the analyzed strains. Strains from clade 20C were identical by S gene sequence with only the single defining mutation (D614G), and they carried SGSV-9. Clade 20D samples had a single defining mutation (D614G) and a synonymous 23,731 C > T SNP. Clade 20E (EU1), apart from the defining A222V variant, had a synonymous 23,683 C > T (Fig. Phylogenetic comparison and heatmap analysis of variations observed in clades 19A-B and 20A-H. The figure shows the phylogenetic diversity and analysis of variations observed in lineages 19AB and 20A-H based on S gene sequence. Mutations were found relative to the Wuhan-Hu-1/2019 (GenBank: MN908947) reference strain. SGSV – S gene sequence variants. Clades in which this pattern occurs are indicated in parentheses. The number of strains of the specified variant in the studied group is indicated by a colonPhylogenetic comparison and heatmap analysis of variations observed in Delta clades. In 2021, most strains from domestic and imported cases were in the Delta VOC, major lineage 21I, and minor lineages 21A and 21J. The figure shows the phylogenetic diversity and analysis of variations based on S gene sequence. Mutations were found relative to the Wuhan-Hu-1/2019 (GenBank: MN908947) reference strain. SGSV – Sgene sequence variants. Clades in which this pattern occurs are indicated in parentheses. The number of strains of the specified variant in the studied group is indicated by a colonIn 2021, the majority of samples from domestic and imported cases belonged to the Delta VOC, major clade 21I, and minor clades (21A, 21 J). Altogether, forty SGSVs within the Delta clade were identified (Fig. 