Clinical subject information and ethical statements
malignant tumor, liver insufficiency, COPD, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events
PNEUMOTHORAX, COPD, RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, MALIGNANT TUMOR, CHRONIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE
All clinical trials have been approved by The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, 2023 No. 180), and all subjects have signed the statement of interest before participating. In the present work, a total of 100 patients with COPD were included in this study, all of whom were diagnosed after medical history, physical examination, pulmonary function examination and X-ray examination according to the COPD diagnostic criteria specified by GOLD. All patients received conventional treatment and did not need to stop any of the conventional treatment drugs before examination.The inclusion criteria were: (1) age range from 40 to 80 years old; (2) severe (30% pre ≤ FEV1% < 50% pre) or extremely severe (FEV1% < 30% pre or FEV1% < 50% pre with chronic respiratory failure) COPD patients; (3) difficulty breathing; (4) there was no acute exacerbation in the last 4 weeks. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) those who smoked more than 10 cigarettes a day; (2) BMI > 40 kg/mObservation was terminated if the following conditions occurred: (1) the patient died; (2) refuse to participate in the IMT or NIPPV therapy or oxygen therapy (OT) in this study; (3) occur pneumothorax, the patient’s ability to clear secretions from oropharynx and upper respiratory tract is decreased, the patient can not normally use the nose mask, can no longer tolerate non-invasive ventilation, acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, severe liver insufficiency, severe renal insufficiency, newly diagnosed malignant tumor or mental abnormality.