Participants, eligibility criteria, and setting
carious lesions
Ethical approval for this single-centre, hospital-based trial was granted by the National Research Ethics Services Committee (REC reference number: 14/LO/0003) and the trial registered (26.06.2014) with International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number (The study population was drawn from those due to receive comprehensive orthodontic treatment, with a pre-adjusted edgewise fixed appliances, who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria:Aged 12–18 years at the start of treatmentBrushed at least twice a dayGood general health and a non-smokerParticipants were excluded for the following reasons:They already used a powered toothbrushSpecial needs and learning difficultiesA history of periodontitis/attachment lossOral prophylaxis in the previous 4 weeksUse of antibacterial mouth rinses or antibiotic therapy within the past monthThe presence of five or more carious lesions requiring immediate restorative treatment.