Methods
ECOPD
ENLARGEMENT
ECGs of 501 participants were analyzed for P-pulmonale (P wave enlargement in lead II). Cox proportional hazards models evaluated for associations between P-pulmonale and time to ECOPD (all and severe) for all participants and by treatment assignment (metoprolol vs. placebo). Linear mixed-effects models evaluated the association between treatment assignment and P-pulmonale on change in symptom scores (measured by CAT and SOBQ).