Instruments
diabetes
DISEASE, GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, DIABETES
A three-part questionnaire was used to collect demographic and background information form and standard Ferrans and Powers' Quality of Life Index (QLI), to meet the study's objectives. The tools used in this study were translated into Persian, and the language of the used instruments was Persian.The patient's age, gender, marital status, occupation, income, level of education, smoking status, length of the disease, number of prior heart-related hospitalizations, history of disease education, and other conditions like gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, and blood pressure were measured using a demographic information questionnaire. Besides, the Quality of Life Index (QLI; Ferrans & Powers, 1984) was used to measure the patient’s quality of life.