Competing interests
This study was funded by Imperial Brands PLC, the manufacturer of the Pulze Heated Tobacco System examined in this study. SMcD, TN, EM, KR and GO’C were employees of Imperial Brands PLC at the time the study was designed and conducted, and hold shares in Imperial Brands PLC. IMF is an independent consultant to e-cigarette/tobacco product manufacturers, including Imperial Brands PLC, to provide scientific support for clinical and behavioural studies and general regulatory support. IMF is also a retained Scientific Advisory Board member of Qnovia, LLC. IMF holds shares in British American Tobacco.