Study population and sample size
RECRUITMENT
For the stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial, data will be collected cross-sectionally from facility ANC registers (modified for this study). To ensure data quality across health facilities, an orientation for improving quality or recording and reporting will be organized across all study sites at the beginning of the study.For the nested cohort component of the study, the pregnant women who seek ANC for the first time at the selected health facilities or at public health platforms within their catchment area will be approached and invited to participate in the study. The cohort recruitment will be closely monitored and mitigation efforts, such as additional recruitment and extension of enrolment time to ensure that the sample size is not negatively impacted, will be employed.