Study endpoints
pain
OSTEOARTHRITIS
The primary endpoint was the change in pain measured as VAS score before supplementation and VAS score on week 12 of supplementation. Secondary endpoints included the comparison in pain change, stiffness, and joint function according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) between SPMs and placebo groups before supplementation to week 12. In addition, the assessment of constant, intermittent, and total pain according to the OMERACT-OARSI score was considered. Changes in health-related QoL scores measured by the EUROQoL-5 questionnaire [