Introduction
postoperative pain, acute pain, ESPB, pain
COLD
Shoulder arthroscopy is one of the most frequently performed orthopedic surgery for various surgical applications, such as instability and stiffness of rotator cuff tears [There are several analgesic strategies and methods for postoperative pain management following a shoulder arthroscopy, including regional nerve blocks, intra-articular administration of local anesthetic (LA), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intravenous narcotics shots, or patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), and continuous-flow cold therapy [The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a relatively new regional anesthetic technique that can control acute pain for different surgeries [Dexmedetomidine is an effective α2 agonist that lowers blood pressure, causes perioperative sympatholysis, and improves the anaesthesia produced by other anaesthetics [We hypothesized that dexmedetomidine use as an adjuvant in ESPB in shoulder arthroscopy would provide more effective and prolonged pain relief.Nevertheless, there is a paucity of studies that discussed the impact of dexmedetomidine use as an adjuvant in ESPB in shoulder arthroscopy, so we established this trial to evaluate the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to ultrasound (US)-guided ESPB for the management of acute postoperative pain in shoulder arthroscopy.