Propofol group
Of the patients in the propofol group, eight were assigned to the high LF/HF ratio group and 21 to the low LF/HF ratio group. Vasoactive drugs were required in three patients (37.5%) in the high LF/HF ratio group and in four patients (19.0%) in the low LF/HF ratio group. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the proportion of patients requiring vasoactive drugs in the high LF/HF group was approximately twice that of those in the low LF/HF group. This difference was larger than that between the low and high LF/HF groups in the dexmedetomidine group. In the hemodynamic data, none of the parameters showed a significant time × group effect (Table 