Feasibility
autoimmune and cancer
This research shows that personalized DC–based vaccines can be manufactured in pandemic situations. This clinical trial was conducted in two hospital centers with a production time of 1 week. Trained staff can produce vaccines in health facilities/hospitals with specific standard preparations. This vaccine is unsuitable for the mass vaccination program, which requires fast production time. However, due to its safety and ‘personal’ source, this vaccine is a promising option for subjects who cannot meet conventional vaccine criteria for medical reasons (e.g., in autoimmune and cancer patients) or non-medical (rejection religion/belief), and this needs to be continued with the phase III clinical trial with a larger number of subjects. Furthermore, this study used S-proteins that proved effective. This can cut the exploration time of antigen selection. However, it is necessary to consider using other antigens, for example, by adding variant antigens or designing proteins conserved in variants. This vaccine can be one of the COVID-19 vaccine options, thus expanding the range of COVID-19 vaccination.