Data collection
bradycardia, acute postoperative pain, nausea,, headache, hypotension
REGRESSION
The attending anesthesiologist evaluated the level of sensory and motor blockade at 5, 10, 20, 30,35, and 40 min after the injection of LA. Subsequently, evaluations were conducted every 15 min until there was regression of 2 dermatomes from the highest level. After the surgery, patients were transferred to the (PACU). In the PACU, the following observations were recorded: the total duration of sensory block, the total duration of motor block, VAS score for evaluating acute postoperative pain, the time of the first postoperative analgesic request (patients received 30 mg ketorolac if their VAS scores were ≥ 3), the total analgesic requirement in the first 24 h, and the occurrence of any side effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, and headache. These observations were performed by data collecting personnel who were blinded to the group assignment, as were the attending anesthesiologist, surgeon, and patient.