Acute effects of clenbuterol on heart rate, blood pressure, energy expenditure, and plasma substrates
At the start of each study arm (day 1), participants arrived at the research unit in an overnight fasted state (i.e., no food consumption after 22:00 the night before). Body weight, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured followed by the collection of a fasting blood sample. Subsequently, baseline energy expenditure was measured for 30 minutes using indirect calorimetry (