Study design
RECRUITMENT
This study was a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (KYW2022007). The study conformed to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki, and was conducted at cardiology units in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China, from April 2022 to March 2023. Eligible participants were randomized to either the intervention group or control group using sequentially numbered sealed opaque envelopes. All randomization procedures were performed by a researcher who was not involved in patient recruitment, exercise training, or outcome evaluation. Given that the participants were recruited continuously as the trial progressed rather than at a single point in time, a permuted-block randomization method was used to ensure equal sample sizes between groups over time