Primary outcomes
Postoperative pain
INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
There were no intraoperative complications in either group. There was no statistically significant difference in respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurological complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of POD was 3% in the rEEG-guided group compared to 11% in the routine care group, indicating no significant difference (P > 0.05). Postoperative pain was assessed using the NRS scale and no significant difference was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). In addition, the rEEG guidance showed no effect on length of hospital stay or postoperative hospital stay (P > 0.05) or all-cause mortality at 30 days postoperatively (P > 0.05) (Table 
Postoperative OutcomesValues are presented as number (%) or median (1Q, 3Q). ICU: intensive care unit; NRS: numerical rating scale; POD: postoperative delirium