Limitations
’s voice
A key limitation to this study is sample size. With only eight dyads, sociodemographic representation and diversity of perspectives are limited. Participating children’s perspectives were not included. This limitation was recognized and accounted for by avoiding overgeneralization of participant experiences and including each participating mother’s voice in the presentation of study findings.Other limitations are inherent to qualitative research, especially the subjectivities of the qualitative research team. The researchers’ backgrounds and points of view may have influenced analyses. The fact that ESM conducted all observations and interviews may have skewed subjectivity further. Fluency may have also been a limitation; ESM and MCM, although fluent, are not native Spanish-speakers. We therefore used the tenets of credibility, authenticity, criticality, and integrity to overcome bias, as discussed in the Also, this study cannot answer the question of required intervention “dosage,” since only two dyads missed one of their eight sessions (Table It is important to note that fathers, although welcome to attend sessions, did not do so. A future direction is studying father-child and/or father-mother–child pairs.