Statistical analysis
SD
Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics software version 28.0. (SPSS Inc.). The significance levels were set at .05. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and minimum or maximum ranges, were calculated for all the indices indicated above. A mean, range, and standard deviation were calculated for each value. The comparison between the two groups in each of the specified parameters was done as follows: Continuous measurements were summarized with the count, mean and SD, Median, 25th and 75th percentile minimum and maximum. Categorical variables (gender and smoking) were presented in a contingency table and compared using Fisher exact test. The normality distribution of measures was evaluated using Shapiro and Wilk test, as the majority of measures deviated from the normal distribution nonparametric approach was implemented. Comparison between two groups was evaluated using Mann–Whitney test. A two‐side 