Conclusions
fatigue
Ageing-induced fatigue often causes older adults to feel exhausted and debilitated, both physiologically and psychologically. Thus, an intervention with multiple components that can address both the physiological and psychological problems caused by fatigue is essential. It should be able enhance the participants’ motivation and self-efficacy to adhere to the exercise training, leading to other positive physiological and psychological outcomes. The combined intervention of the BCE programme and exercise used in this trial showed more significant immediate and sustainable benefits than exercise alone or health education in improving general fatigue in frail older adults, particularly, older women. This intervention has the potential to be sustainably implemented in the community to prevent frailty in the early stage and to help ease the healthcare burden on society. However, further research studies are still required to confirm its applicability.