Statistical analysis
To analyze the obtained data set, we first log‐transformed (Log 10) the HRV frequency‐domain parameters to satisfy linear analysis requirements. Then, we conducted a series of repeated measures ANOVAs to explore whether HR, HRV, BVA, and SCL responses differed significantly between the baseline, anticipation, challenge, and recovery conditions in the experimental groups with different sound environments. In reporting repeated measures ANOVA, we used a corrected degree of freedom via Greenhouse–Geisser estimates of sphericity if the assumption of sphericity was violated. Paired sample 