Secondary outcomes
Anxiety, anxiety, cancer, anxiety disorders, traumatic, anxious preoccupation, traumatic distress, depressed mood, depression, Cancer
EVENT, CANCER, DISORDER, EVENTS, CANCER
Secondary outcomes of the study include levels of depressed mood, levels of anxiety, traumatic distress and reported mental adjustment to cancer. These will be measured using the following questionnaires:The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) total score [time frame: 3 months post-group programme]The PHQ-9 is a clinically validated, nine-item instrument for screening, monitoring and evaluating symptoms of depression [The Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) score [time frame: 3 months post-group programme]The GAD-7 is an easy-to-use, self-administered screening instrument comprising seven questions. Scores range from 0 to 21, with scores ≥ 10 achieving a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 82% for generalised anxiety [Spitzer et al., 2006]. It also enjoys modest effectiveness at screening for other anxiety disorders [The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) score [time frame: 3 months post-group programme]The IES-R is a 22-item self-report measure that assesses subjective distress caused by traumatic events [The Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (mini-MAC) score [time frame: 3 months post-group programme]The Mini-MAC is a 29-item self-rating questionnaire which was designed to provide a method of assessing specific responses to cancer along the following dimensions: ‘fighting spirit’, ‘helpless/hopeless’, ‘anxious preoccupation’, ‘fatalism’ and ‘avoidance’ [