Introduction
hospitalizationsIron deficiency, hypophosphatemia, CKD, chronic kidney disease, fatigue, dyspnea, angina, anemia, Anemia, headache, Phosphaturia
DISEASE PROGRESSION, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, ANEMIA, COMPLICATION, IRON DEFICIENCY, ANEMIA, SECONDARY, IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, PHOSPHATURIA
Anemia (with/without) iron deficiency is a common complication of non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD). This is associated with an impact on mortality, disease progression and hospitalizationsIron deficiency with/without anemia in CKD is associated with a significant burden to the patient. It is characterized by debilitating symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, angina, headache and loss of concentration. A recent observational study utilizing data for the CKDOPPS registry (n = 2513, ND-CKD) has aptly demonstrated the association between iron deficiency and physical impact. Focusing primarily on the effect of iron deficiency (transferrin saturation < 20% and ferritin > 300 or < 50 ng/mL) on the mental and physical component of KDQOL-36, they concluded that iron deficiency was associated with worse physical component scores. This scoring disadvantage was maintained irrespective of confounders and was most strongly related to transferrin saturation valuesIntravenous iron is frequently used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with ND-CKD. Despite convincing evidence relative to its efficacy and safety based on meta-analyses, a paucity exists on the impact of intravenous iron on patient-reported outcome measures, functional status and cardiovascular markersThe “Iron and Phosphaturia – ExplorIRON-CKD” study was primarily designed to explore the differential effect of FDI and FCM on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and markers relevant to hypophosphatemia and bone metabolism. Pre-specified secondary outcomes on patient-reported outcome measures, functional status and cardiovascular markers were also collected