Discussion
Tele-midwifery
This study aimed to determine the effect of an interactive mHealth application named Tele-midwifery based on education and continuous support provided by midwives on FOC, childbirth self-efficacy, and birth mode in primiparous women. Based on the results of this study, Tele-midwifery application reduced FOC, increased childbirth self-efficacy, and decreased the CS rate among the intervention group compared to the control group.Women in the intervention group received educational materials, including a broad range of information regarding pregnancy and childbirth, in order to enhance their knowledge and eliminate their misconceptions about childbirth, which contribute to FOC [Our intervention’s emphasis on continuity of care may be another explanation for the reduced FOC in the intervention group compared with the control group at the end of pregnancy and after childbirth [The method used in this study was a mHealth-based intervention that provided remote access to evidence-based healthcare, such as education and consultation for women with FOC. Using the mobile health applications to provide healthcare is an effective means of ensuring that professional healthcare is available, affordable, and accessible to all individuals, particularly pregnant women [