Data analysis
The coordinates of the position of the cursor and the forces measured at the handle were low-pass filtered using a fourth-order dual-pass Butterworth filter with a cutoff frequency of 50 Hz. Velocity was obtained from numerical differentiation of position signals. All signals were aligned on movement onset, which was defined as the moment when the cursor position exited the home target.In the two experiments, surface EMG electrodes (Bagnoli Surface EMG Sensor, Delsys Inc.) were used to record muscle activity during movements. Based on previous studies (To assess the performance of participants during the task, we extracted several key parameters: the maximal deviation of the reaching trajectory (MD), the length of the reaching trajectory, i.e., the path length (PL), and the maximum speed of the reaching movement (MS).