Study population
T2D, CKD, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, active infectious diseases15, ischemic stroke, heart or renal failure, hypertensive, hepatic dysfunction, heart failure, Addison’s disease14
UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION, RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, HEART, ISCHEMIC STROKE, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, HEART FAILURE, TYPE 2 DIABETES, HYPERSENSITIVITY
The target study population includes patients with T2D and CKD. Table Inclusion and exclusion criteria1. Patients who provided a written informed consent2. Patients who are aged ≥ 20 years at the time of consent (regardless of sex)3. Patients with T2D4. Patients with chronic kidney disease who meet the following criteria:i) eGFR ≥ 25 mL/min/1.73 mii) UACR ≥ 30 mg/g Cr and < 3500 mg/g Cr5. Patients who did not change their medications for T2D and CKD within the last 4 weeks prior to obtaining consent1. Patients who are currently taking or have taken MRAs containing finerenone within the last 4 weeks prior to obtaining consent2. Patients with a history of finerenone hypersensitivity3. Patients with an HbA1c level of > 10%4. Patients with a serum potassium level of ≥ 4.9 mEq/L5. Patients with NYHA class II–IV HFrEF (LVEF ≤ 35%)6. Patients with poorly controlled hypertension (e.g., systolic BP ≥ 170 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥ 110 mmHg, or hypertensive emergencies)7. Patients with a history of ischemic stroke, acute coronary syndrome, cardiovascular surgery or percutaneous intervention, or hospitalization for worsening heart or renal failure within the last 8 weeks prior to obtaining consent8. Patients with a preplanned surgical or percutaneous intervention for coronary artery reconstruction or other cardiovascular diseases during the individual observation period9. Patients with a preplanned treatment such as electrical cardioversion, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and pacemaker implantation during the individual observation period10. Patients with preplanned dialysis or kidney transplantation during the individual observation period11. Patients with severe hepatic dysfunction (Child–Pugh class C)12. Patients receiving itraconazole, ritonavir-containing products, atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, cobicistat-containing products, or clarithromycin13. Patients with Addison’s disease14. Patients with active infectious diseases15. Pregnant, possibly pregnant, or lactating patients16. Other patients deemed inappropriate for this study by the investigators (e.g., those with renal artery stenosis, one kidney, or active malignancy)BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association; T2D, type 2 diabetes; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio