1. Introduction
obesity, obese, overweight, human obesity
OBESITY, OBESE
The incidence of obesity has increased to be a major health concern in the twenty-first century. According to the World Health Organization, 39% of adults ages 18 years and over were overweight in 2016, and 13% were obese.Confirmed data in humans have shown an association between obesity and the gut microbial community structure.Based on the above, it is evident that a deep understanding of the GM functions helps to find appropriate solutions to control the increasing weight. In animal studies, physical and biochemical parameters, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and alterations in GM diversity revealed beneficial results against obesity whereas the results in humans are still rare. Alteration of the GM via applying natural or supplementation probiotic is considered as a new and promising therapeutic intervention treating human obesity. The present clinical trial aims to study the anti-obesity effects of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on overweight and obese adults.