Introduction
ventilator-induced lung injury, sore throat, pneumonia
SORE THROAT, PNEUMONIA, LEAKAGE, HEAT, COMPLICATIONS
Many patients are admitted to intensive care units, and almost all surgeries requiring general anesthesia need respiratory support by mechanical ventilation, which may cause ventilator-induced lung injury by various mechanisms. A proper artificial airway should be provided for this device to have adequate ventilation, often supplied by the endotracheal tube [Recently, much attention has been paid to the complications of endotracheal cuff pressure (ETCP), especially the need to monitor ETCP in the operating room during surgery. Immediate side effects on the endotracheal and larynx were reported 15–94% after intubation. Voice violence and sore throat are 15% and 80%, respectively [Many factors can affect complications and problems in the endotracheal tube for patients who use mechanical ventilation. Some of these factors are lack of sufficient airway moisture, high content of inhalation oxygen, inadequate heat of administered gases, improper values, and pressure changes of the endotracheal tube cuff. Insufficient pressure of the endotracheal cuff causes damage to the endotracheal wall (at higher than standard cuff pressure). It also causes ventilation air leakage and the risk of aspiration of gastric contents and pneumonia caused by mechanical ventilation (at lower than normal cuff pressure) subsequently [One of the affecting factors of the ETCP is positive pressure mechanical ventilation [