References
Malnutrition, NSD, appendicular skeletal muscle, malnutrition
OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURE, MOS, MALNUTRITION, ASMI, MALNUTRITION, REGRESSION
Study flow diagram for nutritional supplement drink or nutritional education on the nutritional status in older individuals at risk of malnutrition. MUST, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool.Beneficial effects of a nutritional supplement drink (NSD) on the nutritional status of older individuals at high risk of malnutrition. The upward arrow represents an increase or growth, while the downward arrow represents a decrease or decline. NE, nutritional education; MUST, malnutrition universal screening tool; BW, body weight; BMI, body-mass index; ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle index; SOF, study of osteoporotic fractures; MNA-SF, Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form; TGs, triglycerides; SF-36, MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; PF, physical functioning; VT, vitality; MH, role emotional; PCS, physical component score; MCS, mental component score.Nutrition Facts of Meiji Mei Balance *.* Mei Balance (Meiji Holdings, Tokyo, Japan). Baseline demographic information, anthropometric assessment results, and dietary intake levels of study participants.Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the population. Data were compared by a Effects of a nutritional supplement drink (NSD) on the body composition, physical performance, nutritional status, and nutrition intake in older nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition.Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the population, and data were compared by a Changes in anthropometric data and the nutritional status after 12 weeks of the intervention.Data were calculated by the value of week 12—the baseline and are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the population. Data were compared by a Effects of nutritional supplement drink (NSD) on the plasma vitamin (Vit.) D and zinc status in older nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition.Data are expressed as numbers and percentages. Frequencies between groups were compared by Fisher’s exact test or a Chi-squared test. NE, nutritional education. 25-OH Vit.D, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D.Effects of a nutritional supplement drink on the body composition, physical performance, nutritional status, and nutrition intake of older nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition by multiple linear regression.Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression and were adjusted for age, baseline BW, and baseline BMI. BW, body weight; BMI, body mass index; ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle index; SOF, study of osteoporotic fractures; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MNA-SF, Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form.Effects of a nutritional supplement drink on biochemical parameters in older nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition by multiple linear regression.Data were analyzed by a multiple linear regression and were adjusted for age, baseline body weight, and baseline body-mass index. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; RBCs, red blood cells; TC, total cholesterol; TIBC, total iron-binding capacity; WBCs, white blood cells; RDW-CV: red blood cell distribution width.Crude and adjusted odd ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of variables related to oral nutritional supplement drink administration in older nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition in the 12th week.Data were analyzed by a logistic regression. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex, model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, and baseline body-mass index (BMI), and model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, baseline BMI, and baseline appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). SOF, the study of osteoporotic fractures; MNA-SF, Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form. Normal range of calf circumference, Males > 34 cm, Females > 33 cm; normal range of hemoglobin, Males 12.3~18.3 g/dL, Females 11.3~15.3 g/dL; normal range of ASMI, Males ≥ 7.0 (kg/m