Participants, Recruitment, and Consent
Pain, pain
Participants were Australian citizens or permanent residents aged 18 y or older who self-reported sufficient English language skills to complete questionnaires in English. Participants were identified, prescreened for eligibility, and invited to consider participation by Dynata, a social research company with a database of >600,000 people.Interested participants were directed to an online survey where they provided written informed consent to participate and were presented with a hypothetical low-value healthcare scenario that asked them to imagine being in a situation in which they have non-specific low-back pain and stable pain/symptoms (see Hypothetical Back Pain Scenario