2.3. ESI TF Treatment Procedure
ESI TF was performed in the operating theater according to the rules of asepsis. Each participant was placed in the prone position on the operating table. Before and during ESI TF, the participant’s vital parameters were monitored. The skin at the planned needle insertion site was aseptically prepared and draped. ESI TF was performed under the control of a fluoroscope using an oblique projection of 20–30° and a lateral projection. Nonionic contrast was used to confirm the needle tip’s position in the epidural space and to exclude intrathecal and intravascular positions. Then, a solution of 5 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine and 40 mg of methylprednisolone was injected. After the procedure, the participants were monitored and discharged home with stable vital parameters. All participants were outpatients.