Gist knowledge
GIST
Gist knowledge reflects the essential understanding of the information and was assessed with 5 qualitative questions that were nonnumerical and asked for ordinal comparisons between the painkillers (e.g., “Which drug caused side effects least frequently?”“Which painkiller was worst overall?”). To answer these questions correctly, participants needed to consider the differences a medication made in comparison with a placebo group; for instance, whether side effects were more frequently observed in the medication compared with the placebo group. This placebo scoring is therefore how we scored the answers to the gist knowledge question for the main text. However, participants may have erroneously looked at only the medication condition, ignoring the placebo condition. Therefore, we also checked the results with an alternative medication-only scoring scheme and will report only its most central findings in the main text, whereas the details are reported in the 