Participants
sore throat, cardiovascular dysfunction, hoarseness
SORE THROAT, INTRAOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE
Patients were admitted if they complied with all the criteria listed below: ① adult female ≥ 20 years of age ② ASA grade I- II ③ general anesthesia after supraglottic airway device insertion ④ non-malignant laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Exclusion criteria were emergency surgery; massive intraoperative hemorrhage; preoperative hoarseness or sore throat; renal, hepatic, neurological, or cardiovascular dysfunction before surgery.