Discussion
PD, Δ9-THC
Given the growing popularity of cannabis edibles and oral formulations for therapeutic and nontherapeutic use, controlled research characterizing the acute PK and PD of cannabis products that vary in chemical composition other than Δ9-THC is critical. Research is particularly needed to understand the association of CBD with Δ9-THC because there is a high degree of variability in CBD content across cannabis products, and products are marketed and used based on the content and ratios of Δ9-THC:CBD. However, much of the extant data on interactions between Δ9-THC and CBD are from studies that administered the cannabis product by inhalation or Δ9-THC and CBD intravenously.In contrast to some previous controlled studies evaluating the association of Δ9-THC or CBD alone,CBD has been shown to inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzymes (present in both the liver and intestine) which metabolize Δ9-THC and 11-OH-Δ9-THC,