4. Discussion
hyperlordosis, pain
LORDOSIS
In this study, we examined the immediate effects of the SPE and CE on patients with hyperlordosis. Based on the research results, both LLA and SHA significantly decreased in both groups after the completion of the interventions (The present study emphasized the significance of abdominal exercises in reducing lumbar lordosis [In this study, it was suggested that both the SPE and the CE may contribute to the reduction of LLA and SHA by increasing abdominal strength. According to the results, both groups closely reached the normal ranges of 40–50° for LLA and 40° for SHA [While this study provides evidence that both the SPE and the CE increase the activation of the abdominal muscles, the SPE group showed significantly higher activity in the EO and IO muscles, resulting in a more significant contribution to the reduction of LLA and SHA compared to the CE group (Carolyn Richardson et al. [While this study provides valuable insight into the immediate effects of the SPE and CE on lumbar lordosis and abdominal muscle activity, it is important to recognize certain limitations. The immediate post-intervention measurements captured in this study, while informative, do not necessarily reflect the potential for long-term effects or sustained relief of back pain. As suggested by McPherson and Watson [