Introduction
hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, impulsivity, ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by heightened inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity [The regular required use, possible side effects, and residual symptoms often present with current drug treatments that act primarily on the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, and the gaps in our knowledge of the aetiology of ADHD, introduces the possibility that other neurotransmitters might be integral and be a suitable target for treatment. One candidate is 5-HT, which may also partially underlie the benefits seen with psychostimulants as indicated above [Given the involvement of 5-HT in ADHD, including some data suggesting 5-HT drugs may be effective in treating the condition, it is unsurprising that this neurotransmitter has been the focus of other treatment approaches, including dietary interventions. Whilst dietary modifications are not a recommended treatment for ADHD [With the mounting evidence in support of a role for TRP and 5-HT in ADHD, several studies have used dietary modulation of TRP within ADHD populations. A recent systematic review identified 14 studies taking this approach, all of which used acute TRP depletion [