Outcome and postoperative complication measurements
Pulmonary dysfunction, pneumonia, Atelectasis, laryngeal sphincter adduction, cord injury, pulmonary dysfunction, atelectasis, reduced cardiac output, fistula, anastomotic, abduction
VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS, PNEUMONIA, ATELECTASIS, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION, ATELECTASIS, COLLAPSE, VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS, LEAKAGE
The outcomes were the entire length of hospital stay and the medical expenses during hospitalization. Postoperative complications, including pneumonia, atelectasis, pulmonary dysfunction, vocal cord paralysis, and anastomotic leakage, were documented. Atelectasis was defined as the partial or complete collapse of one side, lobe, or segment of the lungs. Pulmonary dysfunction was defined as an arterial blood oxygen partial pressure of < 60 mmHg in the resting position in room air, with or without a carbon dioxide partial pressure of > 50 mmHg, after excluding interventricular shunt and reduced cardiac output. Vocal cord paralysis refers to the loss of adduction, abduction, and normal tone of the vocal cords, resulting in voice change, protective laryngeal sphincter adduction, or difficult breathing. It was diagnosed by the fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination in patients with clinical symptoms suspected to have vocal cord injury. Anastomotic leakage is defined as the formation of a fistula due to an unsealed or poorly healed anastomosis between the esophagus and stomach.