Internal validation
micropapillary bladder cancer
Nomograms were validated internally in the training set and the internal validation set.In the training set, C-indices of the nomogram were 0.766 (95% CI 0.735–0.797), 0.742 (95% CI 0.726–0.758) for CSS and OS respectively, which were both higher than 0.7, suggesting that these two nomograms were relatively accurate and suitable for predicting CSS and OS for patients with micropapillary bladder cancer. In the internal validation set, C-indices of the nomogram were 0.753 (95% CI 0.699–0.808), and 0.738 (95% CI 0.715–0.761) for CSS and OS respectively.For micropapillary bladder cancer patients, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS of the nomogram yielded AUC values of 0.812, 0.864, and 0.841 in the training set (Fig. ROC curves in the training set (The calibration curves of the nomogram were highly consistent with the standard curve, which indicated that the nomogram showed high reliability in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS in the training (Fig. Calibration curves in the training set (DCA of the nomograms showed higher net benefits and demonstrated better clinical outcome values than those obtained using AJCC stage for CSS in the training (Fig. DCA curves in the training set (