2. Participants
stroke, tumors, infections, pain
STROKE, DISEASE, INFECTIONS, TUMORS, DISEASES
In this study, 69 adults with stroke diagnoses who were enrolled in a public health and welfare center in South Korea’s D city were included. This group was further divided into the JM+AC, the JM, and the control groups (n = 23 each). The inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of stroke ≥ 6 months ago; pain in the shoulders and knees for more than 6 months; and a Korean mini mental state examination score of ≥ 24. The exclusion criteria were: a risk of tumors or infections; a previous history of orthopedic disease or ankle surgery; a previous history of orthopedic disease or shoulder and knee joint surgery; and a length of ≥ 6.3 mm in the line bisection test; taking medications for diseases other than stroke, such as antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants. The demographics and clinical characteristics of the study patients were summarized at inclusion (