Patient characteristics
GCA
Data of 1448 patients with GCA who underwent curative surgery were extracted from the SEER database, and these patients were randomly assigned to a training set (1013 patients) and an internal validation set (435 patients) at a ratio of 7:3. In the training cohort, the median follow‐up time was 41 months, with 3‐year and 5‐year CSS rates of 57.7% and 47.3%, respectively. In the internal validation cohort, the median follow‐up time was 37 months, with 3‐year and 5‐year CSS rates of 55.5% and 43.9%, respectively. In the training cohort, there were 818 male (80.8%) and 195 female (19.2%) patients. Of the total sample, 86.2% (Retrospective clinical data of 218 patients with GCA who underwent curative surgery at a Chinese hospital were collected, and these patients were assigned to an external validation cohort according to the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the nomogram model was validated with external data. In the external validation cohort, the median follow‐up time was 31 months, with 3‐year and 5‐year CSS rates of 69.0% and 58.6%, respectively. There were 174 male (79.8%) and 44 female (20.2%) patients in the external validation cohort. In this cohort, 136 patients aged <65 years (62.4%), 57 aged between 65 and 71 years (26.1%), and 25 aged >71 years (11.5%). The basic information is presented in Table Clinicopathological characteristics of the postoperative patients with stage I–III GCA.