Outcome measures
UE and trunk motor control, UE and trunk motor
Outcome measures, namely UE and trunk motor control and daily motor function, were evaluated before and after 36-h interventions. All participants were assessed by a certified occupational therapist who was unaware of the group to which the participant had been allocated.The unimanual reach-to-grasp task was used to assess UE and trunk motor control. During the experiment, the participants were instructed to reach for and grasp the pegs with the affected hand as fast and as accurately as possible after hearing a start signal. The peg was placed in front of the affected hand at 90% of the arm length, measured from the acromion to the midpoint of the radius and ulnar styloid process. The diameter and height of the peg were 3.2 and 6.6 cm, respectively. Five successful trials were recorded after practice.Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected by a 6-camera motion capture system (Vicon MX, Oxford Metrics Group, U.K.) at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Reflective markers were placed on the suprasternal notch, 7th cervical vertebrae, 8th thoracic vertebrae, xiphoid process, radius styloid process and ulnar styloid process of the affected wrist. The midpoint of the radial and ulnar styloid process was used to represent the endpoint. Movement onset and offset were defined as 5% of the peak velocity of the endpoint trajectory.The PMAL-R, a parent-reported assessment, was used to assess the spontaneous use of the affected UE in 22 daily activities [