2.2. Methods
injury or ulceration
THROMBOPHLEBITIS
The patients were divided by the indwelling depth into groups A and B, in which the intravascular depth of PIVC was 1.9 and 1 cm respectively. All patients were assessed by directors and nurse practitioner of our hospital to be qualified for enrollment. Then their vascular conditions were evaluated before intravenous cathetering. The blood vessel to be chosen was forearm or upper arm veins, which avoided the veins in any paralyzed limb or lower limb. The vein indwelling needle was the 24 Gauge (Ga.) 19 mm catheter (Suzhou Yuwell Medical Technology Co., Ltd.). Local skins were all complete without injury or ulceration and were not applied with antibacterial grease. Prior to aspiration, the aspiration site was disinfected (8 × 8 cm2) and left to dry. Then the core of the indwelling needle was loosened at left and right sides, and the needle was inserted at an angle of 15° to 30°. When blood appeared, the needle was lowered to an angle of 5° to 15° and further moved 0.2 cm. Then the needle core was returned by 0.5 to 1 cm. In group A, each PIVC catheter was totally inserted to blood vessels (1.9 cm). In group B, each PIVC catheter was inserted by 1 cm to blood vessels (Fig. (A). Clinical indwelling catheter, (B) grouping by catheter indwelling depth: whole length of anterior indwelling catheter in Group A, and whole length from central blue point to anterior part in group B.Clinical manifestations of thrombophlebitis.