Postoperative management
EVENTS
Patients in both groups were postoperatively treated with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with standard analgesic regimens. All patients were transported to the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) unless the intensive care unit (ICU) was indicated because of intraoperative events. The protocol fluid administration continued in the PACU, with all patients in the conventional fluid therapy arm receiving 1 ml/kg/h of balanced crystalloid solution and those in group G receiving 1 ml/kg/h of maintenance and any additional boluses given based on GDFT protocol. All patients were encouraged to early mobilization and early oral nutrition. All patients were follow-up for at least 30 days after surgery by blinded research team members.