Outcomes {12}
behavioral abnormalities, Subjective sleepiness, exhaled breath, sleep deficit
SECONDARY
The primary outcome of this trial is changes in the metabolic profile (i.e., metabolome) in oral fluid. Investigators will collect samples from participants for quantification of all detectable metabolites after arrival at the study site (6 pm, baseline), repeatedly during scheduled wakefulness (8 am, 12 pm, 4 pm, 7 pm, 11 pm), and in the morning after recovery night (8 am). They will analyze which metabolite concentration values undergo significant changes during sleep deficit conditions in comparison to the control condition and also show the effects of recovery sleep. These will serve as candidate biomarkers.Secondary outcome measures will include:Driving performance: Investigators will gather driving simulation results via Standardized Application for Fitness to Drive Evaluations (S.A.F.E.) [Psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) [d2 Test of Attention [Visual attention test [Subjective situational sleepiness: Participants will complete the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) [Subjective sleepiness: Participants will complete the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) [Electroencephalographic (EEG) changes: Investigators will analyze changes in sleep and wake EEG patterns of participants by calculating sleep scores according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) scoring manual [Behavioral markers of drowsy driving: Investigators will examine participants immediately after the driving simulation test for behavioral abnormalities concerning orientation, coordination, speech, mood, appearance, reaction, and pupillary light reflex.Changes in metabolite concentrations in exhaled breath: Investigators will collect exhaled breath samples from participants for quantification of all detectable metabolites after arrival at the study site (8 pm, baseline), repeatedly during scheduled wakefulness (10 am, 2 pm, 6 pm, 8 pm, 11 pm), and in the morning after recovery night (8 am). They will analyze which metabolite concentration values undergo significant changes during sleep deficit conditions sessions in comparison to the control condition and also show the effects of recovery sleep. These will serve as secondary candidate biomarkers.Changes in metabolite concentrations in finger sweat: Investigators will collect finger sweat samples from participants for quantification of all detectable metabolites after arrival at the study site (8 pm, baseline), repeatedly during scheduled wakefulness (10 am, 2 pm, 6 pm, 8 pm, 11 pm), and in the morning after recovery night (8 am). They will analyze which metabolite concentration values undergo significant changes during sleep deficit conditions sessions in comparison to the control condition and also show the effects of recovery sleep. These will serve as secondary candidate biomarkers.Correlation of metabolic changes between blood and non-invasive specimens: Investigators will compare metabolite concentrations in non-invasive matrices (oral fluid, finger sweat, exhaled breath, and dried blood spots) and compare those with a blood sample. The collection of specimens for this outcome is scheduled immediately after the driving simulation test in each study arm.