Authors' Contributions
Postoperative pain, Zhiqiao, CPSP, pain
CHRONIC PAIN, INFILTRATION
Jin Gao designed the study. Huan Luo and Wei Ran wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Huan Luo and Wei Ran performed the data analysis and statistical analysis. Zhiqiao Wang and Yonggang Hao helped collect the data. Jin Gao and Ning Liang conducted the data interpretation. Ping Li and Xia Yin managed the literature searches. All the authors contributed to the data analysis, drafted and revised the article, and gave final approval of the version to be published; moreover, they have agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Wei Ran and Huan Luo contributed equally to this work.The nerve block needle reached the position through the out-of-plane technique (A); after confirming negative aspiration, ropivacaine was injected (B). TP, transverse process; PP, parietal pleural; SCTL, superior costotransverse ligament; TPVS, thoracic paravertebral space; probe selection: low-frequency linear array probe; yellow arrow: puncture approach.The position of the multiperforated wound catheters (A); the catheters were connected to a disposable postoperative local anesthesia analgesia device (B).Patient flow diagram. CPVB, continuous paravertebral block; CWI, continuous wound infiltration.The incidence of CPSP. CPVB, continuous paravertebral block; CWI, continuous wound infiltration; CPSP, chronic postsurgical pain.Postoperative pain score during the first week after thoracoscopic surgery (NRS-R: Patient characteristics and operation details.Continuous variables with a normal distribution are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), nonparametric variables are reported as the median (interquartile range (IQR)), and categorical variables are presented as The intensity of CPSP at 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively.Categorical variables are presented as Barthel Activity of Daily Living (ADL) score at postoperative days 1–7.Categorical variables are presented as Long-term quality of the life score at 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively.Continuous variables with a normal distribution are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). CPVB, continuous paravertebral block; CWI, continuous wound infiltration; SF-12, 12-item Short-Form Health Survey; PCS, physical health summary; MCS, mental health summary.The relationship between patients with NRS-R ≥ 2 on the first postoperative day and the incidence of chronic pain at 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively.Categorical variables are presented as Postoperative-related data.CPVB, continuous paravertebral block; CWI, continuous wound infiltration. Categorical variables are presented as 