Intervention methodology: the calming cycle
The Welch “calming cycle” method grew out of four decades of clinical observations. It views the mother–child relationship as interconnected and fluid, cycling through autonomic states of dysregulation and co-regulation [The Calming Cycle theoretical construct. Panel MCEP sessions began with greetings between participants, introducing existing participants to any new pairs joining the group that week. Then mothers situated their children on their laps facing them in the 