Background
bleeding, intraoperative bleeding, trauma
BLEEDING, HAND INFECTION, COAGULOPATHY, EVENT, INTRAOPERATIVE BLEEDING, COMPLICATIONS
Hemostasis, a key surgical procedure, is even more crucial in cardiac surgery. High-pressure anastomoses and suture lines within the cardiac chambers or the great vessels are created during virtually all cardiac surgical procedures [Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass are at risk for excessive bleeding and the associated complications. Allogeneic blood transfusion is associated with immunomodulation and infection. Moreover, the cost incurred per hospitalization event for bleeding complications or transfusions in cardiac cases is reported to be 10,000 USD. [Over the years, several topical hemostatic agents have been developed to control troublesome intraoperative bleeding [Coagulopathy resulting in excessive bleeding or an increased need for blood transfusion during vascular and cardiac surgery is common [During off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), serious trauma (sternotomy, internal mammary artery, saphenous vein or radial artery graft harvesting, pericardiotomy, and heart manipulation) and heparin and protamine exposure activate coagulation by releasing tissue factors and activating extrinsic pathways [The key factors in a surgeon’s selection of an appropriate topical hemostatic agent include the procedure type, their product experience and personal preference, the product’s cost, and the severity of the bleeding. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of the topical hemostatic agents CHM (experimental group) and GHM (control group) in patients who underwent OPCAB. We intended to investigate the hemostatic efficacy of a collagen-based hemostat during coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) by comparing it with that of a conventional, flowable hemostat.