Introduction
death, disability, Stroke
STROKE
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability in the worldPWA also have difficulties with temporal information processing (TIP). Some studies have demonstrated a link between TIP and language. Human speech is constrained by temporal organization in the millisecond and multisecond time domains. Millisecond TIP is related to phonological encoding/decoding and syllabification, while multisecond TIP is involved in lexical selection, sentence production, and perceptionThe present study focused mainly on millisecond TIP which seems essential for speech perception, especially for the processing of basic units of language—phonemes (e.g., stop-consonants limited in time up to ca. 40 msThe efficiency of millisecond TIP is determined by patients’ ability to accurately identify and process the order of stimuli that occur in rapid succession. It is often measured with the auditory Temporal-Order Judgment (TOJ) paradigmAccording to previous studies, TIP may be also considered as a neural frame for many non-linguistic cognitive functions that are characterised by specific temporal dynamics in the millisecond rangeMany speech and language trainings that directly train impaired linguistic functions are recognized as standard elements of rehabilitationSome pilot studies investigating the effects of millisecond TIP trainings in PWA have been conducted. Szymaszek et al.Dr. Neuronowski