Introduction
hospital-acquired infections, HCAIs, infections, VAP, infection, healthcare-associated
INFECTION, PATHOGENESIS, CAVITY, INFECTIONS
It appears that “hospital-acquired infections” or “healthcare-associated infections” (HCAIs) can occur during the delivery of health care. Various studies in the United States and Europe have reported the incidence of HCAI to be between 13.0 and 20.3 cases per 1,000 patient-days. Invasive devices such as ventilators used in healthcare are associated with these infections [Mechanical ventilators are commonly used in the intensive care units (ICU) to keep the patients alive [The risk of VAP increases by 5–65% per day in patients under mechanical ventilation [Bacterial colonization of the oral cavity and aspiration of esophageal fluid play important roles in the pathogenesis of VAP. Some studies have also highlighted the role of gastric bacterial colonization and gastroesophageal aspiration in patients with a nasogastric tube and supine position in the pathogenesis of VAP [Various strategies have been proposed to prevent VAP, including elevating the head of the bed and maintaining the tracheal cuff pressure between 20 and 30 cmHBacterial colonization on the surface of healthcare workers’ hands is also one of the risk factors for transmission of infection and the development of VAP. Studies have also shown that good hand hygiene can reduce the risk of VAP [