Study assessments
MDD, DSM-5, depressive symptoms
DISORDERS
Overall, health outcomes and socio-occupational disability were assessed using the EQ-5D-5L [The EQ-VAS is designed to enable patients to quantify elements, which are relevant and important to each individual patient in determining their health status and may include concepts outside of the 5 dimensions of health in their overall health rating [The SDS is a brief, self-report tool that assesses functional impairment in 3 inter-related domains: work/school, social life, and family life [The changes in patient reported depressive symptoms were also evaluated, using the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9-Item (PHQ-9) scale. The 9 items represent the 9 symptom domains of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) MDD criteria and have been rated on a 4-point scale (0: not at all, 1: several days, 2: more than half the days, and 3: nearly every day). The sum of patient’s individual item responses represents the total score (range of 0 to 27), with severity defined as follows: 0–4 none/minimal symptoms, 5–9 mild symptoms, 10–14 moderate symptoms, 15–19 moderately severe and 20–27 severe symptoms. Higher total scores represent greater severity of depressive symptoms [