Testing procedure
All subjects were provided and signed the consent form that was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Bu-Ali Sina University. Basic data including age, weight, height, BMI, years of sports experience, Tegner score, and time since surgery were recorded (Table Knee valgus and flexion angleDemographic characteristics of participants, reported as mean ± standard deviations.A single-leg landing test was used to measure knee valgus (ICC = 0.94) and flexion angle (ICC = 0.98)Isometric hip muscle strengthThe isometric strength of hip muscles of the male athletes with ACLR was measured using a digital hand-held dynamometer (MMT, North Coast, USA) calibrated by a one-kilogram weight before and after the measurement. The test was performed for the injured leg. Each test was performed three times for five seconds with fifteen seconds of rest between the trials. The average of the three repetitions was recorded in Kg. Finally, the value was divided by the athlete’s weight and reported as a percentage of their weight.Hip extension tests (ICC = 0.95)Core muscle enduranceThree isometric trunk holding tests were performed to evaluate core muscle endurance as described by McGill et al. Each test was performed once as these tests have shown to have a reliability value of > 0.97