Data analysis
pain
The data were entered into the SPSS program for Windows (v. 22.0) and were described using the measures of descriptive statistics, namely mean, standard deviation, and frequency. Groups were compared respecting participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics using the Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Kruskal–Wallis tests and the one-way analysis of variance. Moreover, the repeated measures analysis of variance was used for the within- and the between-subject comparisons of the variations of the mean score of CTR-associated pain across the four measurement time points. The level of significance was set at less than 0.05.