2.3. Bone Mineral Status Measurements
calcaneus
The primary outcome indicators were BMD and BMC, measured at the left forearm and calcaneus by an EXA-3000 peripheral dual-energy X-ray bone densitometer obtained from OsteoSys (Seoul, Korea) at 0 (baseline), 6, and 12 months post-intervention. The specific test site for the forearm is the ulna and radius in the distal 1/3 of the left forearm, while that for calcaneus is the central area of the left calcaneus bone at approximately 2 cm