Patients
ascites, bleeding, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, varicose bleeding
ASCITES, BLEEDING, ENCEPHALOPATHY
In this retrospective study, 358 PHT patients who received elective TIPS at Beijing Shijitan Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were included. Among them, 62 patients were excluded due to incomplete data and loss to follow-up. The remaining 296 patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 207) and a validation cohort (n = 89), All patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding and refractory ascites had treatment failure after first-line treatment. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Beijing Shijitan Hospital in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All methods are performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) diagnosed with PHT; (2) treatment of varicose bleeding by beta-blockers or endoscopy failed; (3) patients with refractory ascites who do not respond to adequate doses of diuretics and sodium restriction; (4) with complete perioperative clinical data. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) diagnosed with preoperative HE; (2) previously treated with liver transplantation; (3) diagnosed with preoperative severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency or severe encephalopathy.