RESULTS
Depression, Anxiety
EARLY PREGNANCY
The current analyses were based on a sub‐sample of the ECLIPSES study of 230 mother‐child pairs from which the assessment of children's behaviour and the risk of having behavioural problems at 4 years of age were available (Figure Maternal characteristics of participants included and not included in the present analyses.
Measured by State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. The score ranges from 0 to 60 points.Measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 30 points.Scores obtained by children aged 4 years on the CBCL1½‐5 and TRF1½‐5 for the intervention (80 or 20 mg/day iron) and control group (40 mg/day iron) according to the mother's baseline iron stores in each Stratum were shown in Supporting Information S1: Tables Effect of prenatal iron supplementation by Strata and maternal iron stores in early pregnancy on behavioural problems at 4 years of age, measured by CBCL1½‐5.
Abbreviations: CBCL½‐5, Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 1.5–5 years; CI, confidence interval; IQ, intelligence quotient; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; RBC, red blood cell.Effect of prenatal iron supplementation by Strata and maternal iron stores in early pregnancy on behavioural problems at 4 years of age, measured by TRF1½‐5.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IQ, intelligence quotient; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; RBC, red blood cell; SF, serum ferritin; TRF1½‐5, Teacher's Report Form for ages 1.5–5 years.As for the executive functioning of children at 4 years of age, the tested iron dose (80 mg/day) in Stratum 1 compared with 40 mg/day was associated with lower scores in all the BRIEF‐P items except for flexibility when women started pregnancy with SF < 15 µg/L, whereas it was associated with higher scores in flexibility, emotional control, plan/organize and global executive index when women started pregnancy with SF > 65 µg/L. In Stratum 2, the tested iron dose (20 mg/day) compared with 40 mg/day led to lower scores in emotional control, working memory and behavioural regulation index only in the group of children whose mothers showed baseline SF > 65 µg/L (Table Effect of prenatal iron supplementation by Strata and maternal iron stores in early pregnancy on executive functions at 4 years of age, measured by the BRIEF‐P.
Abbreviations: BRIEF‐P, Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Preschool Version; IQ, intelligence quotient; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; RBC, red blood cell; SF, serum ferritin.