Study Setting and Participants
Shock
SHOCK
This cluster randomized clinical trial was performed from January 1, 2016, to November 30, 2017, in multiple clinical settings (ie, adult intensive care units [ICUs], general pediatrics wards, emergency departments (EDs), and inpatient hemodialysis units at 4 academic health care centers: University of Maryland Medical Center, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, and Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, and the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics in Iowa City, Iowa. Participants were HCP who delivered care to patients in enrolled study units. This study was approved by the institutional review boards at the University of Maryland, The Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Iowa, which waived the requirement to obtain informed consent for the primary study because no individual health care workers were enrolled. This report adheres to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (