Measurements
NRS, pain
The numerical rating scale (NRS) at rest and during exercise were recorded as the primary outcome at multiple time points: before block (T0), 30 min post-blockade (T1), and 6 h (T2), 12 h (T3), 24 h (T4), and 48 h (T5) postoperatively. Exercise pain was evaluated based on the NRS score corresponding to passive straight leg elevation at 15° [The NRS scores were employed to evaluate the level of pain experienced by the patients, with 0 points indicating no pain, 1–3 points indicating mild pain, 4–7 points indicating moderate pain, and 8–10 points indicating severe pain. Quadriceps strength was assessed using an OE-210 hand-held dynamometer (HDD) (Ito Ultra Shortwave, Japan) at 24 and 48 h postoperatively [