Patients
ocular disease, presbyopia, visual sequelae
DISORDER, INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, CORNEA, PRESBYOPIA, LENS, BILATERAL CATARACTS
Subjects who underwent uneventful bilateral cataract surgery with the implantation of trifocal diffractive IOLs, and that were willing to perform a visual training program in the immediate postoperative period, were included. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before their enrolment in the study following the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.Inclusion criteria were patients who undergone refractive lens exchange surgery for the correction of presbyopia with trifocal IOLs implantation at least 1 week before the evaluation visit for the trial, availability, and motivation to perform the assigned visual training, and availability to attend all follow-up visits. Exclusion criteria were patients implanted with other type of IOLs (monofocal, EDOF or refractive multifocal lenses) or having previous ocular surgeries, including laser corneal refractive surgery, intraoperative complications producing significant visual sequelae, presence of any active ocular disease or irregular cornea, illiteracy, and any type of psychological disorder.Subjects were randomly assigned to use the visual training program (study group) or a placebo program after surgery (placebo group) using a random number sequence. The examiner was blinded to the type of training performed, training with the game using Gaussian-windowed sinewave gratings or training with the placebo software.