The therapists
Most participants (95%) were supported by one of four clinical psychologists (M.B., K.A., J.S. and K.O.L.). The remaining 5% were supported by one of five trained students in their final semester of a 5-year clinical psychology programme under the supervision of M.B. All therapists received a 3 h training session in the CIPE protocol, which was developed by M.B. and E.A. M.B. has been extensively trained by the developer of PE, Professor Edna Foa, and is a certified supervisor and trainer in PE. In addition, M.B. monitored all participants and provided supervision to the therapists on demand. The students were supervised by M.B. on a weekly basis.