Clinical outcomes of cohort
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The study cohort consisted of ten consecutively recruited participants who were implanted with an experimental DBS implanted pulse generator (IPG) that served both stimulation and recording functions. DBS leads were inserted at the intersection of four major white matter pathways (Fig. Chronic electrophysiological data for analyses were available for six of the ten participants. Of these participants, five of the six demonstrated a typical response trajectory (‘typical responders’). The five participants entered the 24-week observation phase with a mean HDRS-17 of 18.80 (s.d. 1.72) reflecting a mean decrease of 4.4 (s.d. 2.15) following surgery and intraoperative stimulation. After 4 weeks of chronic stimulation, these ‘typical responders’ experienced a further decrease with a mean HDRS-17 of 15.20 (s.d. 0.83) (mean decrease 3.6, paired one-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 