Patient population
cerebral apoplexy, vascular disease, hyperthyroidism, apoplexy, T2DM
HYPERTHYROIDISM, ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, APOPLEXY, VASCULAR DISEASE
Patients who were hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital for CMIV of AF were screened for inclusion with written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Patients aged 18 or older with AF undergoing first-time isolated or concomitant CMIV, regardless of concomitant T2DM or HF, were eligible for inclusion. The CMIV procedure was performed in both concomitant with open heart surgery and a stand-alone procedure at our centre. Patients aged 18 or older with AF undergoing first-time stand-alone or concomitant CMIV, regardless of concomitant T2DM or HF, were eligible for inclusion (concomitant CMIV: symptomatic AF patients undergoing other cardiac surgical procedure; stand-alone CMIV: symptomatic AF patients who have failed medical management and prefer a surgical approach, have recurrent AF after CA or are not candidates for CA). Exclusion criteria were dapagliflozin allergy; hyperthyroidism; acute myocardial infarction, cerebral apoplexy, and other vascular disease during the past 6 months; following heart surgery within the last 3 months; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 45 mL/min; history of oral SGLT2i; estimated survival period < 12 months; pregnant and lactating women; left atrial diameter > 65 mm; and refusing to sign informed consent. Additional inclusion and exclusion criteria are listed in Main inclusion and exclusion criteria of the DETAIL-CMIV trialAge ≥ 18 yearsPatients who need first-time stand-alone or concomitant Cox-Maze IV procedure (concomitant CMIV: symptomatic AF patients undergoing other cardiac surgical procedure; stand-alone CMIV: symptomatic AF patients who have failed medical management and prefer a surgical approach, have recurrent AF after catheter ablation or are not candidates for catheter ablation)Patients who have the ability and willingness to abide by all the subsequent review and requirementsDapagliflozin allergyHyperthyroidismAcute myocardial infarctionCerebral apoplexy and other vascular disease during the past 6 monthsFollowing heart surgery within the last 3 monthseGFR < 45 mL/minHistory of oral sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitorsEstimated survival period < 12 monthsPregnant and lactating womenLeft atrial diameter > 65 mmRefusing to sign informed consent