References
T1D, obesity, diabetes
OBESITY, TYPE 1 DIABETES, SECONDARY, INTERACTION, REGRESSION, DIABETES
Example timeline of exposures and outcomes relative to a bout of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity using multiple measurements (baseline and 6 months). Individuals may report multiple bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day.CONSORT flow diagram for secondary analyses of the flexible lifestyles empowering change (FLEX) randomized trial.Differences in association between post-exercise protein intake and glycemia from cessation bouts of MVPA until the following morning by sex among adolescents with T1D. Estimates are provided per 20 g or 0.25 g/kg. TAR = percent time above range (>180 mg/dL), TIR = percent time in recommended glucose range (70–180 mg/dL), and TBR = percent time below range (<70 mg/dL) following bouts of MVPA. * Indicates an association that is statistically significant (Differences in the effect of consuming a higher protein diet (>1.2 g/kg/day) on glycemia from the end of MVPA bouts until the following morning by insulin regimen, weight status, and sex. CSII = continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, MDII = multiple daily insulin injections, OW/OB = overweight or obesity, No OW/OB = no overweight or obesity. TAR = percent time above range (>180 mg/dL), TIR = percent time in recommended glucose range (70–180 mg/dL), TBR = percent time below range (<70 mg/dL) following bouts of MVPA. * Indicates an association that is statistically significant (Baseline characteristics of FLEX participants included in final analyses (Continuous variables are reported as mean and standard deviation except for non-normally distributed variables, in which median and interquartile range are reported. Categorical variables are described with counts and percentages.Results of mixed effects regression models assessing the association between post-exercise protein intake and glycemia following a bout of MVPA until 6:30 am the following morning among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (* Associations are reported per a 20 g dose of protein; † Associations are reported per a 0.25 g/kg dose of protein; ‡ Models are adjusted for design (study site, intervention group), demographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity), clinical (diabetes duration, insulin regimen), anthropometric (estimated body fat percentage), dietary (daily carbohydrate intake and pre-exercise protein intake), physical activity (bout volume, other daily physical activity), and hours until midnight.Results of linear mixed-effects regression models comparing continuous glucose monitoring metrics following cessation of bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity until 6:30 am the following morning by category of daily protein intake (g/kg/day) among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (* Final models were adjusted for design (intervention group, study site), demographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity), clinical (diabetes duration, insulin regimen), anthropometric (estimated body fat percentage), physical activity (bout volume (MET-mins), other daily MVPA (MET-mins), dietary (daily carbohydrate intake), and timing (hours until midnight) variables.Results of mixed-effects regression models assessing interaction between daily protein intake category with insulin regimen and weight status.* Interaction models estimated the combined effect of increasing protein intake category from <1.2 g/kg/day to ≥1.2 g/kg/day and category of insulin regimen (CSII/MDII) or weight status (has overweight/obesity or does not have overweight/obesity). Mixed-effects regression models were adjusted for design (intervention group, study site), demographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity), clinical (diabetes duration, insulin regimen), anthropometric (estimated bodyfat percentage (protein × Insulin regimen), or weight status (protein × weight status)), physical activity (bout volume (MET-mins), other daily MVPA (MET-mins)), dietary (daily carbohydrate intake), and timing (hours until midnight) variables. Interaction models for sex and category of protein intake were additionally adjusted for the tanner stage.