Background
urinary difficulties
Men over 50 may experience difficult nocturnal or morning urination, and objective assessment of urinary function in this population includes evaluation of maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) by uroflowmetry. Qmax, which represents the peak flow rate during urination, is a pivotal metric in urology [What might be the possible root of this diurnal difference in Qmax? Physiological functions, such as urine production, body temperature, blood pressure, and sleep/awake cycles, are controlled via diurnal rhythms mediated by the endogenous circadian clock [Our primary objective was to investigate the underlying cause of urinary difficulties at night or early in the morning often observed in elderly men. To achieve this, we examined potential diurnal Qmax variations in healthy young men, with a focus on the effects of inherent diurnal regulation.