Measures
AIDS, depression, Depression
AIDS, PEDIATRIC AIDS
Disclosure post-intervention was defined as a binary variable of whether or not the child knew his/her HIV status as reported by both child and caregiver via disclosure questionnaires. Disclosure was assessed at 6-month intervals from baseline (immediately post-intervention) to 24 months post-intervention.Eighty demographic and clinical covariates were extracted from children's medical files or compiled from baseline questionnaires provided to caregivers and children during the HADITHI trial, including the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group General Health Assessment for Children Quality of Life Questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire- Youth Version (SDQ), Patient Health Questionnaire nine-item depression instrument (PHQ-9), and locally developed and validated adherence and Stigma in AIDS family adherence (SAFI) stigma questionnaires (Outcome measurements for instrumental variable analysis were assessed using data from post-intervention follow-up at 6 month intervals for 24 months. CD4 percentage was extracted from the children's medical files by trained study team members. Depression symptoms were measured by the PHQ-9, and due to low frequencies of children reporting depression, the scales were transformed into three severity categories: no depression (score of 0), minimal symptoms (score of 1–4), and clinically significant depression (score of 5–19). Overall emotional and behavioral symptoms were measured by the SDQ, and scores were categorized into three categories: normal (score of 0–15), borderline (score of 16–19) and abnormal (score of 20–40).