Methods
herniation of the lumbosacral disc, defecation, fracture, post-colonoscopy, PFE, genitourinary or gastrointestinal complaints, pain, post-colonoscopy coccydynia, tumour, tenderness, Piriformis
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, PATHOLOGY, TUMOUR, SKIN DISORDERS
This study was a randomized, single-blind (blinded assessor), controlled trial conducted at the physiotherapy clinic of Cairo University Hospitals during the period from January to December 2017. This trial was approved by the Faculty of Physiotherapy's Institutional Review Board, University of Cairo Participants were referred to our physiotherapy clinic by an orthopedist with a definite diagnosis of post-colonoscopy coccydynia. Patients were selected to be enrolled in the study upon fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: medically stable males and females were included, being at least 2 weeks post-colonoscopy and aged 25–45 years, with pain during defecation and difficulty in the cross-sitting position. Difficulty leaning back during a sitting position, tenderness over or around the coccyx. With some sort of pain during intercourse. The pain score on the numerical pain rating scale was not less than 6. Patients with serious spinal pathology (e.g., fracture, tumour, inflammatory and infectious diseases), pelvic surgery, herniation of the lumbosacral disc, skin disorders, genitourinary or gastrointestinal complaints were excluded.Patients who met the study's inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to one of three groups: the conventional therapy group (CT) that received Piriformis and Iliopsoas muscle stretching exercises, clamshell exercise, and seat cushioning; the CT plus kinesiotaping group (CT-KT) who underwent kinesiotaping in addition to the CT; or the CT plus pelvic floor exercise group (CT-PFE) who received PFE in the form of reverse Kegel exercise in addition to the CT.Participants were randomly assigned using computer-generated block randomization. The allocation was done through the launch of an obscure envelope designed by an independent subject. Before commencing the intervention, the trial-supervising therapist opened the envelope and revealed the treatment of choice corresponding to the number in the envelope. Flow diagram showing the progress of subjects at each stage of the clinical trial