4.1. Study limitations
There were several limitations in our study that should be acknowledged. First, it was a single-center report with a limited number of patients. Second, it was a randomized controlled single-blind trial, and due to the nature of the intervention, doctors and nurses could not be blinded. Third, we only collected data after the intervention and failed to collect data at multiple time points during the intervention, thereby preventing us from determining the dynamic changes in outcome indicators. Finally, PA and ALB were primary indicators of nutritional status in this study. However, more detailed nutrition-related or long-term indicators such as body composition and survival rates were not measured.