Endodontic treatment procedures
caries
CONSTRICTION, STERILE, CAVITY, CARIES
All endodontic procedures were conducted in one visit (i.e., single-visit endodontic treatment). After caries excavation, a straight-line access cavity was gained with a sterile round carbide bur and Endo-Z bur. Coronal pulp tissues were removed and root canal orifices were located. To determine the working length, a suitable-sized hand K-file (MANI Inc. Tochigi, Japan) was used to engage the whole root canal length up to the apical constriction. A periapical radiograph image was used to estimate the working length (1 mm safety allowance shorter than the radiographic apex) [