3.2. Choline Supply
breast milk, breast milk fortifier
SECONDARY
An overview of all breast milk data concerning concentrations of choline and its metabolites in the underlying study was published [The specific breast milk samples investigated in this secondary analysis that temporally matched the blood samples showed a median (p25–p75) total choline content of 171.7 (142.9–230.6) mg/L consisting of water-soluble choline components (choline, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) and sphingomyelin (SPH) (Study patients had received a median (p25–p75) of 41.1 (33.8–45.9) mg/kg choline equivalent (at a median enteral intake of 165.2 (156.1–171.4) mL/kg/d of fortified breast milk) the day before blood sampling was performed. The administered choline was derived to 69% (62–77) from breast milk and to 24% (20–32) from breast milk fortifier (proportion of formula/protein supplement was negligible).