STATISTICAL METHOD
This study followed a split-mouth study design, in which the study and control groups were placed in the same patient, and the baseline and demographic data for age and sex, compared among the patients. All patients included in the study were female, aged 23-29 years. The maximum insertion and removal torques of the surface-treated and non-surface-treated mini-implants were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The failure rates of the two groups were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test - 