Study design/population
EMERGENCY
This was a prospective randomized case–control study (CHIPS, checklist in prehospital settings, German Clinical Trials Register Study ID 00005156). We used the reproducible setting of a full-scale medical simulation. The simulations took place at the Human Simulation Center (HSC) of the University Hospital Munich’s Institute for Emergency Medicine and Medical Management.The study participants were professional EMS providers who had completed training according to federal regulations and an active assignment with an EMS. The study participants were recruited from all 26 ambulance service areas in the state of Bavaria (Germany). Each study scenario was performed by a team of four participants typical of the German prehospital setting (two paramedics representing ambulances of type C [Mobile Intensive Care Unit, Rettungswagen], one pre-hospital emergency physician and one paramedic together representing a typical German physician staffed emergency unit [NEF]).Figure Flow chart of data collection in the CHIPS study. The ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich (ID 475-12) and the University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany approved the study (ID 12/2020). All participants provided written informed consent before participation.