Background
coronavirus disease 2019
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Currently, Japan has a major health economic burden, of which approximately 20% is attributable to cardiovascular diseases [CR is a comprehensive intervention that includes exercises, nutritional management, and education. Convalescence CR is commonly employed among outpatients, but it has a low continuity rate [The Japanese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) and Japanese version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 36-item self-administered (WHODAS2.0-J) are two of the measurement tools used to assess quality of life and disability, respectively.WHOQOL-BREF assesses subjective satisfaction, and WHODAS2.0-J assesses objective performance. WHODAS2.0-J asks what a person “does” in a particular domain, while WHOQOL-BREF asks what the person “feels” in that domain.However, research on subjective and objective satisfaction using real-time monitoring remote CR is scarce, and there are no reports on the association of subjective and objective satisfaction with physical functioning using remote CR. Furthermore, physical functions, subjective satisfaction, and objective performance may be adversely affected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and mental health aspects need to be considered. The development of remote CR protocols can play a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether subjective satisfaction, objective performance (assessment of activity limitations and participation restrictions), and physical function are comparable (non-inferiority) for real-time CR and hospital-based CR.In addition, we determined the relationship between baseline and CR physical function. We hypothesised that real-time remote CR is equivalent to hospital CR in terms of subjective satisfaction and objective performance. We also evaluated the feasibility of and challenges in real-time remote CR.