Statistical Analysis
uropathogens
We used descriptive statistics to summarize responses to demographic items. Free-texted antibiotic choices were standardized (ie, misspelled antibiotics or brand names standardized to generic antibiotic names) using nearest neighbor and key collision clustering in Open Refine version 3.5.2 (Google). If more than 1 antibiotic was listed, the first antibiotic was selected as the respondent’s choice. If no antibiotic was listed or if the answer was uninterpretable, it was categorized as missing. Respondents were considered duplicates if they shared identical IP addresses and demographic information. Only the first response from duplicate respondents was included.Assessment of the respondents’ antibiotic choices considered (1) if the selected agent offered active treatment against the population of 45 uropathogens and (2) if the agent represented optimal treatment according to principles of antibiotic stewardship. Active and optimal classifications were operationalized within 4 vignette-specific drug-bug matrices containing all potential combinations of urinary isolates and antibiotic choices for each case (eTable 1 in 