4. Discussion
The results of this study revealed that synbiotic supplementation reduced the incidence and duration of URTI, increased the levels of SIgA and IL-1β in male university football players during high-intensity training, and decreased the concentrations of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1 immediately after the constant load test. The prebiotic supplementation reduced IL-4 and increased IL-1β and IL-6 at baseline as well as decreased IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1 levels after prolonged aerobic exercise. Additionally, increased ER in prolonged aerobic exercise were observed in the synbiotic group, not in the prebiotic group.It is reported that prebiotics and synbiotics contribute to reducing the incidence and severity of URTI [Salivary SIgA, the main type of antibody found in mucosal secretions, [T cells belong to the adaptive immune system and are essential for coordinating the immune response to invading and existing pathogens. T cells can be divided into three subgroups based on their polarised phenotypic characteristics: Th1, Th2, and Tregs [WBC forms an important part of the immune system [VO2max reflects the body’s ability to inhale, transport, and utilise oxygen and is thus one of the most significant indicators of the human body’s aerobic capacity [