Effect on the knowledge and attitude of the workers
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COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Compared to the control areas, the workers from intervention areas were more likely to have improved knowledge regarding the availability of occupational health and safety guidelines (adjusted DID: 57%, CI: 44, 69), the importance of using and maintaining protective equipment (adjusted DID: 21%, CI: 8, 33), the concept of communicable diseases (adjusted DID: 13%, CI: 0, 26), the significant causes of COVID-19 transmission (adjusted DID: 27%, CI: 14, 40), and key COVID-19 preventive measures (adjusted DID: 12%, CI: −0.6, 25). A particular positive association is seen between the intervention and the improved knowledge in the intervention areas on used utensils (adjusted DID: 22%, CI: 12, 32) and social gathering (adjusted DID: 24%, CI: 11, 37) as means of COVID-19 transmission, and using goggles (adjusted DID: 10%, CI: 2, 18) and maintaining social distancing (adjusted DID: 22%, CI: 9, 35) as key COVID-19 preventive measures. Despite showing improvement in knowledge among the workers in the endline intervention areas, understanding coughing (adjusted DID: −12%, CI: −21, −3), sneezing (adjusted DID: −3%, CI: −14, 8), and spittle (adjusted DID: 5%, CI: −7, 17) as major COVID-19 spread mechanisms, and knowledge to avoid touching nose, eyes, and mouth with unclean hands (adjusted DID: −1%, CI: −13, 11), maintaining coughing etiquette (adjusted DID: −11%, CI: −20, −2), and vaccination (adjusted DID: 2%, CI: −2, 6) as important COVID-19 prevention measure are less likely to be associated with the intervention provision because a similar change is also seen in endline control areas. Workers’ understanding about considering air (adjusted DID: −24%, CI: −36, −12) and water (adjusted DID: −22%, CI: −36, −8) as means to spread communicable to did not improve while their knowledge of considering touch as a means to spread communicable diseases improved (adjusted DID: 16%, CI: −1, 33) (although this was not statistically significant). Moreover, the intervention seems to have no effect in changing the workers' knowledge of wearing face masks, gloves, and handwashing as COVID-19 preventive measures. Similarly, the slight improvements in knowledge of the workers from the intervention areas in properly understanding the terms social distancing (adjusted DID: 4%, CI: −8, 16), quarantine (adjusted DID: 3%, CI: −20, 26), and isolation (adjusted DID: 5%, CI: −31, 41) than the workers from control areas seems to have less association with the intervention.Workers' improved attitude towards using PPEs (adjusted DID: 36%, CI: 22, 49), washing PPEs (adjusted DID: 20%, CI: 8, 32), cleaning working equipment regularly (adjusted DID: 20%, CI: 7, 33), and keeping open sores, cuts, and wounds covered with clean, dry band-aids (adjusted DID: 13%, CI: 2, 24) can be attributed to the impact of the intervention. Their attitude towards handwashing before and after using toilets (adjusted DID: 9%, CI: −3, 22) and taking meals (adjusted DID: −4%, CI: −18, 9) seems to be less associated with the intervention. The intervention also did not improve workers’ perception towards considering cleaning equipment using anti-germ products (adjusted DID: −7%, CI: −15, 0.7). On the other hand, a significantly improved percentage of workers at endline intervention areas reported that they believe OHS interventions can reduce health risks at the workplace (adjusted DID: 58%, CI: 26, 89), which is more likely to be contributed as a resulting factor of the intervention Knowledge and attitude of the workers on maintaining occupational health and safety.