1. Introduction
T1DM, fatigue, LCD, Diabetes, diabetes
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS, HYPOGLYCEMIA, GLYCOGEN DEPLETION, GROWTH DELAY, DYSLIPIDEMIA, DIABETES, DIABETES
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient and micronutrient intake and status in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) following the consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). Research Methods and Procedures: In a prospective intervention clinical trial, adolescents with T1DM using a continuous glucose monitoring device were enrolled. Following a cooking workshop, each participant received a personalized diet regime based on LCD (50–80 g carbohydrate/day). A Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered, and laboratory tests were taken before and 6 months following the intervention. Twenty participants were enrolled. Results: The median age was 17 years (15; 19), and the median diabetes duration was 10 years (8; 12). During the six-months intervention, carbohydrate intake decreased from 266 g (204; 316) to 87 g (68; 95) (Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic conditions in childhood and is often characterized by poor glycemic control [Carbohydrates are the primary macronutrient that affects the postprandial glycemic response. The international guidelines published by the International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes include 40–50% of total energy consumption from carbohydrates, and achievement of optimal postprandial glycemic control with appropriately matched insulin to carbohydrate ratios and insulin delivery [The lower consumption of carbohydrates essentially lowers the glycemic response and the insulin requirement. Although LCD has a promising effect on glycemic control, endorsing the regime may lead to harmful dietary consequences. This is due to the complete or partial avoidance of healthy sources of carbohydrate foods such as whole grain bread, cereals, legumes, fruit, and vegetables.In individuals with T1DM, adverse health risks such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, glycogen depletion, and growth impairment remain clinical concerns. In an illustrative case series of children with T1DM who were on LCD, some experienced growth delay and fatigue [Parents or people with T1DM who choose LCD usually do so without proper medical guidance and may put their child or themselves at risk of nutritional depletion of essential nutrients and minerals. Studies examining glycemic outcomes from LCD have largely been cross-sectional and without validated dietary data [In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of an LCD intervention on macronutrient and micronutrient intake and status in youth with T1DM.