Estimated Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Worst Pain Means by Week and Arm
pain
The BPI worst pain scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating worse pain. Data points represent the model-estimated BPI worst pain means and 95% CI (error bars) from a linear mixed model with baseline means constrained to be equal across study arms. The dependent variable vector included the prerandomization baseline (week 0) assessment, as well as all postrandomization assessments. The independent variables were the randomization stratification variables (accrual site and baseline opioid use), treatment arm, week (categorical), and the arm-by-week interaction. A patient-level random intercept was included in the model to account for the repeated outcome measurements within patients.