2.9. Measurements
During the 12-week intervention period, body composition, grip strength, knee extension strength, and walking ability were measured before intervention, at and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intervention.Body composition was measured using a body composition analyzer InBody S10 (InBody Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan).Grip strength was measured using the Grip-D Smedley digital grip strength tester TKK-5401 (Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Kamo, Japan) in accordance with the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Implementation Guidelines, which recommended the following new physical fitness test.The subject is asked to be in a standing position, with the upper limb in a drooping position and the forearm in a mid-rotational position.The grasping bar of the grip strength meter should be adjusted so that it is half the length from the base of the subject’s thumb to the tip of the index finger.The measurement of maximum grip strength involved two consecutive measurements in the following order: right hand, left hand, 1 min rest, right hand, left hand. The recorded representative value was the average value.Knee extension strength of both right and left legs was measured using a lower limb muscle strength measuring device (Locomo Scan-II; ALCARE Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).As an indicator of walking ability [Have the subject sit deeply in a chair and start walking on the examiner’s cue.The examiner instructs the subject as follows: “Please walk as quickly as possible, go around the pole located 3 m ahead, in any direction you prefer. Once you return, please sit down on the chair immediately”.The time from when the subject’s body starts moving until their buttocks made contact with the chair was measured. The measurement was taken once.