Observed indicators of access and use
PD
All indicators of latrine, child potty and sani-scoop/similar tool access and use were significantly higher in households in the sanitation intervention arm versus controls pooling observations from all eight data collection rounds over the 2.5-year follow-up period (Observed indicators of access and use for hygienic latrines and child feces management tools by study arm 1–3.5 years after intervention initiation.PD: Prevalence difference; CI: Confidence interval.Pooled data from eight data collection rounds over 2.5 years.Estimated using robust standard errors for repeated measures and geographical clustering.Can be retrieved within 30 s without assistance when standing where child usually defecates.Currently wet, or dry and clean, i.e., not covered with dust.Located in or near the courtyard and can be retrieved without assistance.The intervention increased child potty presence from 29% among controls to 98% in the sanitation arm (PD: 68.8, 95% CI: 63.3–74.5, p < 0.001), while most households in both arms had a tool that can be used for feces removal (