Grouping and anesthetic protocols
Eligible patients were randomly assigned to three study groups (in the ratio of 1:1:1) with a random number generated by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 22.0 for Windows (IBM SPSS Statistics, 22), based on their registration number in order of referral. The three groups were (i) PC group: as a control group, the patients treated with PCV‐VG and received a conventional lung protective ventilation (LPV) strategy during OLV (maintain 5 cm HAnesthesia and surgical protocols were prepared and performed by the same group of anesthesiologists and surgeons. Electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO