Schistosomal abnormal hemodynamics syndromes.
bleeding, metabolic disorder, SAHs, hemorrhage, gastroesophageal variceal bleeding
BLEEDING, METABOLIC DISORDER, GASTROESOPHAGEAL VARICES, HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, SCHISTOSOMIASIS, HEMORRHAGE, SYNDROME, HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, MINIMAL HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, COMPLICATIONS
Four isolated complications were identified in SAHs. They overlapped with the sub-type of hemorrhage of Deng et al.Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding was the major cause of the low survival rate in advanced schistosomiasis. Patients who experienced one episode of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding were likely to experience more than one and would die from uncontrolled bleeding.Hepatic encephalopathy, a central nervous system metabolic disorder syndrome, was another main cause of the low survival rate in advanced schistosomiasis. As the mild form of hepatic encephalopathy, minimal hepatic encephalopathy is usually neglected clinically, and requires specific diagnostic methods.An underestimate was shown by the nomogram in predicting 3- and 5-year survival rates of advanced schistosomiasis. The main reason might be that most of the patients with SAHs, with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy, die within 1 year after their first visit to the hospital, but those with minimal hepatic encephalopathy might last several years without obvious progression.