Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Treatment Group
housing insecurity, posttraumatic stress disorder, COPD
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD, MAY
Abbreviations: ACO, accountable care organization; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Study enrollment period was May 28, 2019, through March 5, 2020; all participants were enrolled prior to hospital-instated COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as No. (%) of participants. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.Calculated via Collected in the routine course of clinical care through the patient portal, registration, and telephone encounters.Includes Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, other, and declined or not available.Compared between English vs non-English language.Indicates health-related social needs screening result on most recent screen prior to or on the date of enrollment.Based on Inpatient hospital admissions and ED visits decreased in both groups over the study period. In the usual care group, 129 (70.9%) had at least 1 inpatient hospital admission or ED visit compared with 118 (64.8%) in the 12-month follow up period. In the enhanced pharmacy care group, the corresponding numbers were 136 (74.7%) and 110 (60.4%). In analyses controlling for language, housing insecurity, referral to food pantry, visit to food pantry, posttraumatic stress disorder, and baseline hospital admissions and ED visits (in the year prior to enrollment), the enhanced pharmacy care group was not associated with the odds of having any hospital admissions or ED visits relative to the usual pharmacy care group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.23-1.62]; 