Procedures
All participants performed a single treadmill running session at different intensities based on their THR. The THR was 40% HRR in group A, 55% in group B, and 70% in group C. The participants wore an HR belt to monitor and record the real‐time HR during the test and running sessions. A running assessment was administered to every participant 1 week before implementing the exercise intervention. This assessment involved a progressive increase in speed until the THR was reached. Subsequently, the predetermined speed for each individual was established at the commencement of running. During the running session, the running speed was adjusted at any time based on the participant's HR changes (Figure Flowchart of the procedures.Baseline PPT and PPTol were measured 10 min before the exercise session, and CPM responses were tested to mitigate the possibility of long‐lasting analgesic effects. The exercise session consisted of 35 min of running with five interval periods (at a speed of 4 km/h for 1 min) every 5 min. Throughout each interval, HR, PPT‐arm, and PPTol were measured. Post‐exercise PPT and PPTol were conducted 5 and 10 min after exercise. Additionally, PPT, PPTol, and CPM were measured 24 h after the exercise session.