Control (usual care)
Women are escorted to the health facilities by one or more family members or friends. One person is allowed besides her to provide support. The support persons do not receive any orientation sessions and have no designated roles. Information is provided on the need arise basis. That is; when the midwife needs anything in particular or help from the birth companion. Routine analgesia is not given. Midwives, medical officers, and obstetricians provide skilled care. Typically, two to three midwives are allocated per 8-h shift managing about six laboring women at a given time.