WES
tumor
SEPARATION, TUMOR
Genomic DNA and total RNA from tumor tissues were simultaneously extracted using the QIAamp AllPrep DNA/RNA mini-Kit (Qiagen, catalog no. 80204) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and included the steps of DNA/RNA separation, purification and collection in columns. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples was extracted using a QIAamp DNA mini-Kit (Qiagen, catalog no. 51304) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The DNA concentration was quantified using a Qubit dsDNA BR Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. Q32850), and DNA integrity was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Whole-exome libraries were prepared using a MGIEasy Exome Universal Library Prep Set (MGI, catalog no. 1000009657) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, DNA was fragmented, adapter ligated, underwent probe hybridization and was subjected to PCR amplification. The well-prepared libraries were quality controlled using a Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. Q32851) and Agilent DNA 1000 Kit (Agilent, catalog no. 5067-1504), and sequenced on a DNBSEQ T1 platform (MGI) with 100 bp paired-end reads. The mean depth of coverage was ×435 for tumor samples and ×212 for peripheral blood.