2.3. Intervention Protocol
TKAs
HAAS
The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the TXA group and the Tisseel@ + TXA group. All TKAs were performed by the same experienced surgical team (H.N.S., Y.H.C, and C.C.H.) using the mini-midvastus approach described by Haas et al., under general anesthesia [In the TXA group, patients received an intravenous injection of 15 mg/kg of TXA (Transamin 100 mg/mL; China Chemical and Pharmaceutical Co., Taipei City, Taiwan) before the surgical incision in the operating theater. An additional dose of IV TXA was administered 3 h after the surgery. Patients in the Tisseel@ + TXA group received the same IV TXA protocol before and after surgery. Concurrently with the surgery, a 4 mL Tisseel@ (Baxter