Background
cataract, Cataract, diabetic, visual impairment
CATARACT, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, RETINA, CATARACT, MACULAR EDEMA
Cataract is a common cause of visual impairment in elderly individuals all around the world [In spite of the recent improvements in the surgical techniques of phacoemulsification, some postoperative complications have been reported. A higher percentage of macular edema (ME) was reported in diabetic patients (12%) compared with non-diabetic individuals (6%) undergoing cataract surgery [Although there is no agreement regarding the main pathophysiological mechanisms of postoperative ME following phacoemulsification, some studies have suggested that cataract surgery can induce inflammatory reactions in the posterior ocular segment. In a study by Xu et al., it was shown that the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2 and interleukin- 1β genes and protein secretion can occur in both retina and choroid after the cataract surgery [In a prospective cohort study, a significantly higher rate of ME was observed in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic individuals [Ketorolac tromethamine is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and thus decreases the level of ocular prostaglandins and consequently the chance of cystoid ME when applied topically [