Research instruments
pain
Research instruments included a demographic information questionnaire (age, sex, marital status, number of children, number of grandchildren, previous place of residence, years of work history, income, medical history, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and pulse and respiration rate before and after the intervention), the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS), which were completed by the researcher by asking relevant questions from the samples.The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire is one of the most common questionnaires for determining musculoskeletal symptoms, presented by Kuorinka et al. at the Institute of Occupational Health in Nordic countries in 1987 [In the present study, the pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain intensity. This scale is one of the oldest, easiest, and best-validated measures to assess pain [