INTRODUCTION
adipose tissue loss
Spot reduction, or selective body fat reduction, refers to local subcutaneous adipose tissue loss due to exercise of muscles in the same body segment (Kostek et al., Strength training, not aerobic endurance training, has predominantly been applied in previous spot reduction studies (Kostek et al., To the best of our knowledge, no study has previously examined the distribution of adipose tissue utilization following training by closely matching aerobic endurance exercise interventions for total energy expenditure in a randomized controlled trial. Such a comparison should also involve aerobic endurance training for the abdominal muscles. Thus, in the current study we sought to assess whether a combination of treadmill and abdominal endurance exercises leads to increased trunk adipose tissue utilization beyond what would be expected solely with treadmill exercise. We measured the effects of treadmill and abdominal endurance exercises (torso rotation and abdominal crunches) performed 4 days per week for 10 weeks (aerobic endurance exercise group, AG), on fat mass distribution with DEXA, anthropometry, directly measured maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O