Authors’ contributions
SP, GB, TA, MM, SC, MRH, RC, LB, and JA formed the Writing Committee (on behalf of the ASCEND Study Collaborative Group). SP drafted the manuscript and all authors contributed to its interpretation and re-drafting. TA, RC, JA, LB, and SP contributed to the data collection and study design. GB and SP contributed to the statistical analysis. SP and GB had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for its integrity and the data analysis. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.