TL assay and blood biomarkers
tumor necrosis, TNF-α
TUMOR NECROSIS
We obtained fasting blood samples from all participants at approximately 9 o’clock in the morning within four weeks before baseline and at the study endpoint. We previously described the detailed method of TL measurement as follows [Serum biomarkers such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), YKL-40 (chitinase-3-like protein 1), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) were also measured by a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [