LV GLS and MW parameters
brachial artery BP
WASTED
GLS and MW were evaluated on three consecutive cardiac cycles by Q‐analysis with EchoPAC software (EchoPAC Version 203, GE Healthcare). 2D‐STE collected data from three apical views (4, 2, and 3 chambers) at 50 and 80 frame/s. The gathered data were then used to assess the GLS of the LV myocardium. The operating doctors verified the software's automatic endocardial contour detection and adjusted the region of interest to ensure all images had the correct edge or width. MW parameter software included brachial artery BP, LV strain, and valve opening and closure timing data. Before an echocardiographic examination, the average of three seated BP readings were used to calculate the brachial artery BP. The left ventricle's GLS was determined before entering the patient's brachial artery BP. The software calculated four main parameters: global myocardial work index (GWI, mm Hg%), the annular area expressed as LV‐PSL, showed total work from mitral valve closure to opening. Global constructive work (GCW, mm Hg%), which benefited LV ejection, represented LV systolic shortening and diastolic lengthening. Global wasted work (GWW, mm Hg%), which was unfavorable to LV ejection, consisted of LV systolic stretching and diastolic shortening. Global myocardial work efficiency (GWE, %) was estimated using the formula GCW/(GCW + GCW), demonstrating the percentage of MW.