Introduction
infections
INFECTIONS
Male circumcision (MC) has been demonstrated to reduce female-to-male transmission of HIV by approximately 60% in randomized controlled trials [Kenya’s Ministry of Health began implementing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention services in 2008, with a four-year goal of increasing the proportion of circumcised men aged 15–49 years to 94%, which was estimated to be 860,000 males nationwide, and the goal for Nyanza Province was to increase circumcision coverage from 46.4% to 80% [Studies have demonstrated that to maximize the immediacy of VMMC’s impact on HIV incidence, VMMC must be provided to HIV-negative males in the age groups where most new infections are likely to occur [In response to barriers of VMMC uptake identified by older men, we designed a cluster randomized trial to determine the effect of two interventions aimed at increasing VMMC uptake among men aged 25–39 years (