Baseline Characteristics by Intervention Group
depression, Depression
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.SI conversion factor: To convert 25(OH)D to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 2.496.Parental education was categorized from 1 (comprehensive school) to 6 (university degree) and dichotomized into 2 levels: low (less than a bachelor’s degree) and high (bachelor’s degree or higher).Depressive symptoms assessed using the CES-D.Scores of 16 or greater indicate a risk of clinical depression.