Discussion
CLM decreased blood sugar, T2D, prediabetes, EPS, diabetic, hypoglycemic, diabetes
IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, PREDIABETES, INSULIN RESISTANCE, PRE-DIABETES, DIABETES
In our 12 weeks trial carried out on participants with impaired FBG or mild T2D, we observed that CLM was able to effectively improve the serum levels of FBG, insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA index, with an optimal tolerability profile that is important to guarantee long-term compliance of the treatment on prediabetes or T2D.In OGTT analyses (ITT), the levels of FBG, HbA1c, insulin, and C-peptide were decreased by 6.38%, 0%, 31.5%, and 29.2% (Usually, it is known that insulin level increases due to the rise of c-peptide when administering functional foods or hypoglycemic agents, thus there is a periodic mechanism in which blood sugar decreases. Therefore, it was found that the hypoglycemic effect of CLM decreased blood sugar, leading to reduce insulin demand along with decrease of C-peptide, a precursor of insulin, accordingly.Therefore, the effect of CLM on improving insulin resistance was statistically proved through the stratified analysis, which confirmed that the hypoglycemic effect in all the CLM-ingested groups was possibly due to the decrease in insulin resistance. It is expected that oral administration of CLM would benefit patients with mild T2D, pre-diabetes, glucose tolerance, impaired FBG, or insulin resistance, since it has been demonstrated that there is an obvious improvement of all parameters in participants with insulin resistance.Impaired FBG (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are pre-diabetes stage associated with insulin resistance [The anti-diabetic efficacy was consistent with our previous study using high fat diet diabetic mouse model [When CLM was immersed in culture for 10 days, the submerged culture medium contained mycelium (5.2 g/L) and EPS (1.62 g/L). In particular, the β-glucan content was about 15.69% (w/w) [In most diabetes-related clinical trials, it is difficult to manage the response to drugs or test samples due to differences in blood glucose levels of individual diabetic patients. In other words, if functional foods/supplements tailored to individual pharmacological characteristics and improved blood sugar control management methods for clinical participants can be combined, an era in which so-called antidiabetics can be personalized to everyone can be expected. In this context, despite the numerous antidiabetic drugs currently on the market and the introduction of various new treatments in the future, exercise, and diet control along with a steady intake of appropriate functional supplements tailored to each individual are eventually fundamental in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. In this regard, although this study is a clinical study limited to Korea, the use of CLM as a promising solution for prediabetes and diabetes could be widely applied worldwide to address the global diabetes epidemic.Further studies are needed to elucidate the pharmacological potential and molecular mechanisms of cellular properties of active compounds derived from 