1. Introduction
Obesity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, infertility, dyslipidemia, weight loss, gastrointestinal motility, chronic disease
OBESITY, OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, DIABETES MELLITUS, DYSLIPIDEMIA, HYPERTENSION, DISEASES, CHRONIC DISEASE
These authors contributed equally to this work.Obesity is a risk factor for several diseases present worldwide. Currently, dietary changes and physical activity are considered the most effective treatment to reduce obesity and its associated comorbidities. To promote weight loss, hypocaloric diets can be supported by nutraceuticals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a hypocaloric diet associated with Obesity is a chronic disease present worldwide, known to increase the risk factors for many pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, infertility, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia [Gut hormones play an important role in the regulation of energy balance; they, indeed, modulate feeding behavior as well as energy expenditure and nutrient partitioning [The expression of TAS2Rs varies among people and there exist interindividual variations associated with gut hormone secretion upon taste receptor stimulation [The CCK hormone, released by the duodenal I cell after the consumption of a meal rich in lipids, is the most studied peptide up to date that is able to inhibit the sense of hunger and mediated by CCK1 receptors on vagal afferents [Food intake and/or the ingestion of bitter substances can result in an increase in the release of CCK and a reduction in hormones, such as ghrelin and motilin, causing a decrease in gastrointestinal motility, in the hunger sense and, finally, in food intake [To date, the common interest is to find a treatment that can counteract or prevent obesity, promoting and protecting individual health. A large amount of data indicate that a healthy diet and an active lifestyle play a key role in the prevention and treatment of obesity [