Anesthesia procedures
patients-Dash
MUSCLE RELAXATION
The patients were not administered preoperative medications. Electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, non-invasive blood pressure, and Bispectral Index Sensor (BIS, Aspect Medical Systems, Newton, MA, USA) were used to monitor all patients-Dash 3000 monitor, GE Company, Madison, USA. Anesthesia was induced using a bolus containing 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, 1 mg/kg propofol, 0.3 mg/kg sufentanil, and 1.5 mg/kg rocuronium after insertion of a peripheral intravenous cannula induction (unified model). Anesthesia was maintained through intravenous infusion of 50–150 ug/(kg·min) propofol and 0.05–0.1 g/kg· min remifentanil to maintain BIS within 40–60 and the mean arterial pressure within 20% of the pre-induction value. The patients also received intravenous injection of 0.7 mg/kg vecuronium to maintain muscle relaxation during anesthetization. Tracheal intubation was performed after muscle release. The cuff was inflated with 10 mL of air. The pressure of the tracheal intubation CUF was maintained at 20–30 cmH