Biocompatibility testing
toxicity
CYTOTOXICITY
The biocompatibility of NAS was evaluated by the following 5 assessments conforming to the standards of medical devices (ISO 10993-5:2009, ISO 10993-10:2021, ISO 10993 Part 23: 2021, and ISO 10993-11:2017): (1) in vitro cytotoxicity using the direct contact method, (2) skin sensitization using the guinea pig maximization test, (3) intracutaneous reactivity potentials in New Zealand white rabbits, (4) acute systemic toxicity study via oral administration in mice, and (5) 28-day subacute systemic toxicity study via oral administration in rats (see details in 