Cohort validation
OA
HAND OSTEOARTHRITIS
No evidence of a causal relationship between blood pressure and osteoarthritis was observed in the validation cohort. However, extensive heterogeneity was found in the sensitivity analysis (Table 5 of the supplementary). Among antihypertensive drugs, we identified a significant causal relationship between calcium channel blockers and all OA (OR: 1.038, 95% CI 1.019–1.059, 