2.3. Temperature Measurements
The temperature variations on the external root surface of five teeth in each laser group (for a total of twenty teeth) were monitored using an infrared temperature sensor to identify any thermal side effects and establish the safety of the specified laser settings (Shenzhen Ju-maoyuan Science and Technology Co., BENETECH, Shenzhen, China). The sensor indicator was directed to the tooth surface at three coronal, middle, third, and apical pre-marked points. The marks were placed at 2, 8, and 12 mm far from the apex. Temperature variations were measured at each point during the irradiation technique, and the results were recorded.