Funding
This trial was supported by a grant from the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) Programme, a Medical Research Council (MRC) and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) partnership (project number 15/180/68). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) devices were provided by Actegy Ltd (Bracknell, UK) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) devices were provided by Moor Instruments Ltd (Axminster, UK).