3. Results
pain, herniation
SECONDARY, HERNIATED DISC
This study was conducted on 59 participants, among which 30 (51%) had contact and 29 (49%) had no contact between disc herniation and nerve. The median age of participants was 49 years (interquartile range, 41 to 58 years), and the age range was 26 to 65 years.Most of the participants (N = 45, 76%) had L5/S1 involvement. Among the participants, 44 (75%) had a secondary education, and 22 (37%) were employed (There were no significant differences in pain intensity measured at three measurement points between participants with and without disc herniation and nerve contact. Before ESI TF, the pain was significantly more severe in comparison to other measurements in both the group with contact (Friedman’s test, Improvement in pain intensity by 50% or reduction in VAS score was distributed into three ratings. There were no significant differences in pain improvement between groups according to the VAS scale and measurement points (Among all participants, there was a significant improvement in all domains and the overall scale, except for lifting weights and social life (Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between age and the total ODI before and 1 and 3 months after ESI TF. In the group of participants who had contact between a herniated disc and a nerve before ESI TF, older participants had more pronounced difficulties in the domain of travel (Rho = 0.544). Older participants had difficulty sleeping 1 month after ESI TF (Rho = 0.502), and the whole scale is worse (Rho = 0.401). Three months after the procedure, older participants had problems with walking (Rho = 0.444), sleeping (Rho = 0.650), and social life (Rho = 0.449), and the entire ODI was worse (Rho = 0.491). Among participants without contact between the herniated disc and the nerve, only 3 months after ESI TF, older participants expressed difficulty lifting loads (Rho = 406).Before ESI TF, difficulty standing (Mann–Whitney U test, There were no significant differences in the distribution of participants according to the ODI or the presence of disc herniation and nerve contact. There was no significant improvement according to the ODI in the group with contact (