1. Introduction
rickets, traumatic injuries, trauma fractures, neoplasia, fracture, muscle cramps, pain, viral infections, fractures, muscle pain, Nutritional Rickets
RICKETS, MINERALIZATION, NEOPLASIA, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, VIRAL INFECTION, SLIPPED CAPITAL FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS, LOW BONE MINERAL DENSITY, VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY, NUTRITIONAL RICKETS, REGRESSION
Background: Vitamin D is an essential component in calcium metabolism. Seasonality, advanced age, sex, dark skin pigmentation, and limited exposure to sunlight were reported as causes of vitamin D deficiency. This study aims to determine whether children with lower levels of vitamin D suffer more fractures than those with sufficient levels. Materials and Methods: Our institution underwent a prospective case–control randomized cross-sectional single-blinded study that included 688 children. They were split into two groups: the study group and the control group. The study group received supplements of vitamin D and calcium for 6 months. Another reference cohort was observed, which comprised 889 patients in the pediatric ward for different respiratory or gastroenterological conditions without a history of fractures. This group was used for age–sex matching tests. Results: Logistic regression showed that with every one unit increase of vitamin D level, the chance of having a middle third fracture in both bones of the forearm decreased by 7% (OR 1.07); distal third fracture incidence decreased by 1.03 times; middle third radius fracture incidence decreased by 1.03 times; distal third radius fracture incidence decreased by 1.06 times. The risk of having a distal third both-bone forearm fracture increased by 1.06 times with every year of age. Comparing the healing process, we noticed an improvement in bony callus formation for patients in the study group. Conclusions: Dosing the serum level of 25-OH-vitamin D should be taken into consideration for pediatric low-energy trauma fractures. Supplementing with vitamin D and calcium throughout childhood can be a solution for healthy bones. Our preliminary results show that the normal level of vitamin D in children should start at 40 ng/mL.The role of vitamin D expands beyond that of bone mineralization. It is known to be involved in a plethora of biological processes, including neoplasia and autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and musculoskeletal illnesses. For the purpose of this study, we will focus on the relationship between the level of vitamin D and bone metabolism by assessing a group of children who suffered from traumatic injuries to the skeletal system during a predetermined period.Vitamin D, along with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT), are the three principal effectors of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis [It is estimated that vitamin D deficiency affects one billion people worldwide across all ethnicities and age groups [In the adult population, there is evidence linking vitamin D deficiency, along with low bone mineral density, to fracture risk [Winter and spring seasons, older age, female sex, dark skin pigmentation, and limited exposure to sunlight were reported as causes of vitamin D deficiency [Pathological conditions such as nonspecific symmetrical non-radiating muscle pain, pathological bone fractures, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, back pain, muscle cramps, and pain during running may suggest insufficient or low vitamin D levels [The Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets state that children with radiographically confirmed rickets have an increased risk of fracture [We hypothesized that children with lower levels of vitamin D suffer more fractures and that their healing process is delayed compared to children with normal levels of vitamin D suffering the same type of fracture.