Ethics
Ethical approval for this study (Z2017-129–01) was provided by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincal Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Chairperson Professor Jun Liu), Guangzhou, China, on 8 September 2017. This randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR 1,800,017,065, July 10, 2018) and conducted between 10 July 2018 and 10 January 2022 at the Department of Anaesthesiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China. Written informed consent was obtained from each eligible patient on the day before surgery.