3.5. Associations between Immune Activity Markers and SCFAs
ADHD
Immune activity markers and SCFAs are both important components in the microbiota–gut–brain axis, and a small number of cellular in vitro studies have reported the effects of butyrate on a few immune activity markers. We performed a correlation analysis between plasma levels of the immune activity markers and concentrations of the SCFAs, which we, in the aforementioned analyses, found to be different in ADHD compared to controls (all controls for immune activity markers and family controls for SCFAs). In children with ADHD, baseline acetic acid levels were significantly negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 (