Data collection
At the beginning of the introduction, the participants completed a baseline characteristics questionnaire online. The outcome data were collected immediately after the simulation training through an online questionnaire and a written test, both with a time limit of 5 min. The ISBAR categories were not visible, i.e., the students had to remember the order and meaning.During the data collection process, one staff member was present to provide instructions to the participants. They did not interact with the students during the data collection process and were instructed only to answer “do as you think best” in response to any questions from the students.