Sample and Data Collection
A total of 1016 participants were recruited nationwide from October to November 2022 using proportional stratified sampling based on region, sex, and age groups. The sampling procedure was designed to align with the registered population of South Korea in June 2022. The inclusion criteria for the sample were (1) individuals aged ≥60 years, (2) achieving a minimum score of 22 on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (second edition), and (3) fluency in the Korean language. For data collection, a team of 58 trained interviewers visited potential participants’ households. The interviewers provided detailed information on the study and sought consent from eligible individuals. Once participants voluntarily agreed to participate in the survey, they completed structured questionnaires on a tablet. Before the survey, all participants provided informed consent. After completing the survey, they received gift vouchers as compensation.