Outcomes
The primary outcome was the changes in leisure-time activity at 8 weeks. Leisure-time activity was defined as exercise, sports, and physically active hobbies that are practiced in one’s leisure time. Secondary outcomes were household activity, work-related activity, total physical activity, the proportions of participants meeting WHO recommendations, and leisure-time sitting. The health outcomes included cognitive function (measured by Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status [TICS-10]; possible scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating better cognition), nighttime sleep quality (measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]; possible scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality), blood pressure, and self-rated health (measured by EuroQol-5D visual analog; possible scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better self-reported health status). The assessment team who received uniform professional training conducted a face-to-face interview to collect the data. Each interview was conducted in a separate room of the village activity center. Data gathered at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after the baseline were used in the study.Leisure-time activity, household activity, work-related activity, and total physical activity were measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). The PASE is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of physical activity of older adults and has been widely used in China.