Discussion
TMD, pain
DISEASE
Several previous studies regarding TMD have showed greater frequency and severity of this disease in females than males [In the current study, results showed that stress was thought to be the leading cause of the TMD symptoms in most patients (92%). This stress could be explained as those students are usually subjected to daily exams in the college together with high educational requirements. Furthermore, the enrolled participants had undergone variable patterns of stress and obstacles through the period of pandemic COVID-19 regarding daily course quizzes, multiple interruptions in their sessions attendance, extended period of final exams (hot weather), and the fear of not completing the academic year.The left side seemed to be affected (86.7%) more than the right side of the face, which may be related to the right side chewing preferences [Regarding the number of the patients that participated in this study, de Sousa et al. [Group A patients have almost showed no any improvement regarding pain nor the number of tender points through all the treatment sessions, although the leading cause of TMD being psychological stress. Placebo and illusional treatment may have no role in patient improvement [In group B patients who treated with red LED light, there was a significant improvement regarding pain scores at the 3rd and 4th visits when compared with placebo group. These findings were in agreement with a previous study conducted by Al-Quisi et al. [Although both study groups (LED and LASER) showed reduction of the number of the trigger points in comparison with placebo group, the red LED light failed to achieve the same values as the results were insignificant in group B (Table Nevertheless, the study results have showed that both LED light & LASER had no important differences between their results regarding changes in pain value (improvement) and reduction in the tender sites. These outcomes were consistent with the findings of a recent randomized controlled trial conducted by Herpich et al. [The findings of the current study were in line with a very recent comparative study on TMD patients by Langella et al. [These previous facts may bring attention to the difference in the cost of the devices, as LED light is much cheaper than LASER device with higher biosafety [