Study design
This was a single-center, randomized, parallel group, patient and outcome assessor-blinded trial exploring a ventilation strategy targeting DP during supratentorial craniotomy conducted between June 21, 2020, and July 1, 2021, at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. The study adhered to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of China (ChiECRCT20200137) on June 12, 2020, and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04421976). Participants were included after obtaining written informed consent.