Participants
rheumatoid arthritis, paresthesia, pain, hemorrhage, achy pain, VBI
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, SYSTEMIC DISEASE, PARESTHESIA, RADICULOPATHY, SPINAL INSTABILITY, HEMORRHAGE, CERVICAL MYELOPATHY, VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY, CORONAVIRUS, PATHOLOGY, ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Thirty-three college male and female students were randomized to receive either IASTM on the upper trapezius and levator scapulae muscles (group A) or myofascial release on the same muscles (group B). Both groups received postural correction and strengthening exercises for neck and scapular stabilizers in addition to their assigned treatment. The inclusion criteria were college students between 18 and 25 years old with CMNP localized to the cervical and periscapular regions, who report at least one trigger point in the upper trapezius and/or levator scapulae muscles, and who use the computer daily for at least two hours and are involved in distance learning of at least three months. CMNP was defined as having vague, dull, achy pain in the neck for more than three months with an intensity of at least 30 mm on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) line. Only college students using distant learning during Coronavirus pandemic restriction as stipulated by the school rules were included in the study.Subjects were excluded if they have any specific neck pathology, radiculopathy, paresthesia, cervical disc pathologies, neurological signs, cervical myelopathy, vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI), or acute or subacute neck pain of any nature. Subjects were also excluded if they have any systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, hemorrhage tendency and/or anticoagulation treatment, or spinal instability. Subjects who did not meet the inclusion criteria were also excluded from participation.