Statistical Analysis
lung cancer
LUNG CANCER
All data were analyzed using the SPSS package for Windows (version 27; IBM Corporation, Chicago IL, USA) according to the intention-to-treat principle. Tests were two-sided, and a The primary analysis used a factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the effects of group across time on global QoL, exercise capacity, and handgrip strength (normally distributed data). If a significant group × time interaction was found, within-group differences were assessed by one-way repeated-measures ANOVA, and between-group differences were evaluated using independent-samples Additionally, the proportion of patients with clinically relevant changes in each domain of HRQoL from baseline to post-surgery was presented. These changes were determined for each scale by the minimal important difference for lung cancer patients.