1. Introduction
tooth, trauma
INFLAMMATION
Following trauma, chronic periapical process, or tooth extraction, a large loss of bone volume is noticed during the healing process. To facilitate the placement of dental implants, various surgical procedures are used for an optimal alveolar ridge profile, while maintaining adequate bone dimensions. The main aim of this study was to determine the healing ability (histologically and immunohistologically) of alveolar bone defects during augmentation with two different biomaterials: injectable biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and anorganic bovine bone (ABB). Thirty-eight subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received the tested bone substitute biomaterial (BSB), i.e., BCP (maxresorb injectFollowing trauma, chronic periapical process, or tooth extraction, a large loss of bone volume is noticed during the healing process [Xenografts are used as an alternative to the gold standard. Most scientific research mentions deproteinized bovine bone, porcine bone, and more recently, horse bone [The term alloplastic bone grafts refers to synthetic biomaterials. Synthetic materials currently exhibit only osteoconductive properties. Materials that belong in this category include metals, polymers, polyglycolides, calcium phosphate cements, HA, tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and bioglass [Also, after tooth extraction, the supply of metabolic products is interrupted. Immune cells produce various cytokines that are temporally and spatially controlled at the site of injury and cause acute inflammation, angiogenesis, and accumulation of mesenchymal cells. The recruited osteoprogenitor cells produce bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), which, in coordination with other factors, promotes local accumulation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells at the site of injury [The main aim of this study was to determine the healing ability (histologically and immunohistologically) of alveolar bone defects during augmentation with two different biomaterials: injectable biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and anorganic bovine bone (ABB). The ability of BSB to restore damaged tissue was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated, and pathohistological changes were described on bone biopsies six months after augmentation. In addition, the expression of Osx and BMP-2 in bone remodeling and mesenchymal cell differentiation was detected by immunohistochemistry.