Introduction
verbal fluency, VF
Aging is associated with neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and central nervous system decline (The modulation of dual tasks or multiple tasks requires divided attention in different actions, physical or cognitive tasks. This modulation may have interfered with gait and postural control, which may cause the risk of falling (Agility training (AT) is the other physical function that can increase neuromuscular performance and dynamic balance (Yamada et al. (The improvement of divided attention (cognitive and/or physical task) benefits multiple functions, depending on the trained capacities. The physical training program provides physical adaptation (e.g., resistance training improves strength and power muscle), and the cognitive training (CT) program provides cognitive adaptations (e.g., verbal fluency [VF] training improves VF ability) simultaneously (We proposed that agility ladder training with VF (cognitive task) might help improve dual-task abilities (physical and cognitive function, simultaneously). For this reason, the effect of a 14-week exercise program involving AT with and without cognitive tasks on physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults was evaluated. We hypothesized that physical function would increase in both groups and cognitive function would improve only in the dual-task group.