Statistical analysis
bone loss
BONE LOSS
Baseline characteristics were summarized with means and standard deviations for continuous variables, and frequencies and percents for categorical variables, stratified by randomization arm and gender. Comparisons between randomization arms were made with t-tests or chi-square tests of association as appropriate with a p value of < 0.05 accepted as significant. Absolute changes in BMD were compared across ILI and DSE groups. Analyses are also presented stratified by gender because of well-described gender differences in BMD and bone loss. Differences by randomization assignment were tested with longitudinal linear models to account for within-subject correlation. All models are adjusted for study site, age, race/ethnicity, baseline total bone mass, use of bone positive agents, use of bone negative agents, and baseline value of the BMD outcome. Overall models are also adjusted for gender. Gender differences in percent changes in BMD by visit are explored in overall models that also include an interaction term. Adjusted mean change from baseline and standard errors are reported. Analyses were carried out using SAS v 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).