2.10. Energy Metabolism
We measured the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in the morning and in a fasted state (10–12 h). The participants were asked to refrain from any physical effort before the test, to avoid moderate/vigorous physical activity (i.e., 24/48 h, respectively), to sleep as usual, to keep their usual nutritional habits and to refrain from alcohol and stimulant intake the day before. Temperature and humidity were strictly controlled (i.e., 20 to 22 °C and 60 to 65%, respectively). RMR was measured with participants in a supine position after resting for 5 min on a bed [Additionally, we determined the maximal fat oxidation (MFO) during exercise and the intensity that elicits MFO (also known as Fatmax) through a submaximal graded exercise test on a cycloergometer (Lode Excalibur, Groningen, The Netherlands) following standard protocols previously performed and developed [