Strength/coordination
For the straddle lift to handstand test, the ANOVA results showed a significant main effect of stimulation (F1,16 = 5.90, p = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.27), time (F1,16 = 12.63, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.44), and a significant stimulation × time interaction (F2,32 = 12.99, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.44) on strength/coordination scores. Post hoc comparisons revealed that both stimulation protocols, bilateral anodal premotor (p = 0.025) and bilateral anodal cerebellar tDCS (p = 0.017), significantly improved strength/coordination after intervention as compared to sham tDCS. No significant difference was observed between the two active stimulation protocols after intervention (p = 0.991). Between-condition comparisons of strength/coordination showed no significant difference between all conditons in the pre-intervention measurement (PM vs sham (t = 0.180, p = 0.859), CB vs sham (t = 0.846, p = 0.410), PM vs CB (t = − 0.677, p = 0.508)). Comparisons between pre-to post intervention conditions showed no significant differences in the sham stimulation (t = 2.05, p = 0.058), but significant performance enhancements in the premotor (t =  − 4.77, p < 0.001) and cerebellar stimulation conditions (t =  − 2.98, p = 0.009).