Study limitations
congestion
CONGESTION
Several limitations need to be acknowledged. First, this is a post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Second, this study has the inherent limitations of being a trial with a relatively small number of participants with limited power. Third, we have exclusively evaluated stable HFrEF patients; thus, we cannot extrapolate these findings to other clinical scenarios. Finally, although the reduction of CA125 following the initiation of dapagliflozin may be attributed to the tissue decongestion and anti-inflammatory properties of SGLT2i, the current study did not include routine measurements of inflammatory biomarkers or clinical congestion scores. As a result, the precise biological mechanisms underlying the reduction of CA125 following dapagliflozin initiation were not elucidated in this study.