Introduction
HACE, AMS, pulmonary edema, HAPE, PH, Inflammation, cerebral edema
ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS, DISEASES, PULMONARY EDEMA, PATHOGENESIS, INFLAMMATION, CHRONIC MOUNTAIN SICKNESS, CEREBRAL EDEMA, PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Acute high-altitude (HA) environmental exposure can cause several pathologies, including acute mountain sickness (AMS), pulmonary hypertension (PH), HA pulmonary edema (HAPE), and HA cerebral edema (HACE). Chronic HA exposure can progress to chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and PH becoming more severe and irreversible with descent to low altitude (LA). Inflammation has emerged as a pivotal trigger in PH pathogenesis, particularly within low oxygen environments [The potential concept of targeting inflammatory immune cells in HA diseases is supported by the therapeutic use of dexamethasone (DEX), a potent glucocorticoid [