Clinical study and interventions.
pain
SECONDARY, OSTEOARTHRITIS, PGA
All included participants filled a written informed consent form. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients including age, gender, the comorbidities, and current consumed drugs were recorded for all patients. Before any intervention, the pain severity based on VAS (0 to 10 scale), and the scores of WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) and PGA (patient global assessment) were determined and recorded for the patients according to the symptoms experienced within the past 48 h. WOMAC index consists of three subscales including pain (5 questions), the flexibility of knee joint (2 questions), and the function or daily activities (17 questions) that a score range of every question presents the severity of the symptom. The total score of WOMAC ranges from 0 to 68, as the best and worst state for knee OA, respectively. The Persian form of WOMAC used in this study, has been validated previously by The primary outcome measures were the changes of VAS, WOMAC, and PGA scores at the end of study. The secondary outcome variable was the rate of possible side effects based on the patients’ report.