Logic model
A logic model was developed to specify the components of the co-interventions and how they are proposed or hypothesized to bring about changes in ANC service delivery (including improving implementation of the adapted ANC package) and uptake. We drew on the COM-B model of behaviour change and the related, Behavior Change Wheel, employed to conceptualize and describe the behaviour change targeted by the co-interventions [Each co-intervention addresses one of these conditions. Training health workers will build health workers’ capability through increasing knowledge, skills, and understanding of the adapted ANC package. Providing the necessary supplies and equipment will reduce barriers and increase health workers’ opportunity (physical) to implement the ANC package. In Rwanda and Zambia, employing the country-adapted digital module will support health workers’ capability, enabling them to adhere to the provision of the ANC package. Mentoring and supervision will provide hands on learning opportunities (social) and examples to imitate, as well as increase motivation through persuasion. Community mobilization will impact social influences on women, their families and key community stakeholders through persuasive communication. Better trained and supported health workers and available supplies aim to increase the positive experiences and perceptions that women have of ANC services, increasing their demand. Additionally, community-level messaging will focus on the importance of ANC seek to influence and encourage women and their families to access ANC early and more frequently. Figure Study logic model. The colours in the third column are associated with either: capability (red), motivation (yellow) or opportunity (green). The purple box applies only to Rwanda and Zambia. COM-B: Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behavior ; BCW: Behavior change wheel