Introduction
cardiovascular disease, Delayed heart rate, low cardiovascular fitness, macrosomia, adiposity, overweight or obesity
HEART, RECURRENCE, ADIPOSITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
In 2020, approximately 38.2 million children under 5 years of age had overweight or obesity worldwide [Cardiovascular fitness is one indicator that is closely related to metabolic health and adiposity in adults and school-aged children [Strong links have been identified in school-aged children and youth between higher fitness and lower adiposity and reduced cardiometabolic risk [At present, there are no validated, submaximal field tests to identify preschool children with low cardiovascular fitness levels who would benefit from early intervention. Heart rate recovery time duration has been highlighted as an accurate indicator of cardiovascular fitness level in children and adolescents [Delayed heart rate recovery is associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in adults [We aimed to address the paucity of information regarding the influence of cardiovascular fitness on adiposity and blood pressure in 5-year-olds by investigating these factors in Irish children from the ROLO (Randomised cOntrol trial of LOw glycaemic index diet in pregnancy to prevent recurrence of macrosomia) Kids cohort. The case for this investigation is important, given the children of the ROLO study are considered at higher risk for excess adiposity given the mothers of the participants had a prior history of a macrosomic pregnancy [