Data analysis
All data were input into Excel 2017. After double-checking and verification, a database was established, and SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. To evaluate the normality of the data, the Shapiro–Wilk test was utilized. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. We used the difference-in-difference (DID) approach to evaluate the impact of our intervention because it allowed us to make comparisons before and after exposure to our intervention between the experimental and control groups. Two independent sample Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the change trend of the scale scores at different time points. The effect size of repeated measures ANOVA was calculated as partial et squared (