CONSORT flow diagram.
language impairment, otologic disorders, dementia, visual impairment, tinnitus
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, TINNITUS
Participants ranged in age from 60 to 87 years (mean age 73.18, SD = 6.38 years). They all completed a phone interview to verify eligibility. The following criteria were required for inclusion: being right-handed, 60 years of age or older, and having English as a first language (or having learnt it before age five). The exclusion criteria included language impairment, significant medical or neurocognitive conditions (such as dementia) or interventions that might affect cognitive function, untreated visual impairment, tinnitus or otologic disorders, known cerebrovascular disease, past or present experience with any hearing device, and contraindications to the PSAPs as described in the user manual.This study was approved by the Baycrest Research Ethics Board (project #21–32) and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03008174). All participants gave written informed consent before the start of the experiment and received financial compensation.