Control
The patients could continue their routine care but received no study intervention during the first 16 weeks. Due to COVID-19-derived extenuating circumstances, patients allocated to control could only participate in HTP or IFDP after 26 weeks outside of the study.Patients in all groups were allowed to use routine care, such as TCS and emollients, but no other AD medication (e.g., immunomodulators, calcineurin inhibitors).