Discussion
tooth, pigmentations
The aim of this Contemporary over-the-counter toothpastes have different formulations and indications
for the diverse needs of consumers. Basically, they are composed of abrasives,
moisturizers, thickeners, detergents, flavorings, preservatives, and can include
therapeutic agents as remineralizing and whitening agents.The abrasive components in every toothpaste play an essential role in removing
extrinsic stains, pigmentations of the tissue, and preventing the accumulation of
new stain molecules In addition to the abrasive particles, toothpaste WTP contains sodium carbonate
peroxide, which is meant to improve tooth whitening. Nevertheless, WTP did not
demonstrate a significant higher color change than the other toothpastes. The fact
that peroxide is unstable in aqueous formulations such as toothpastes Although there was no difference between the groups, in all of them it was possible
to notice an increase in lightning and reduction in yellow chroma that suggests an
increase in whiteness The toothpastes also have certain compounds that would affect color perception, which
can explain the results of the present study. Toothpastes CT and WTP have tetra
potassium pyrophosphate that not only acts as an anti-calculus agent but could also
prevent the formation of extrinsic stains and maximize the action of these
toothpastes on maintaining the luminosity of the teeth The positive change in a* color coordinate may be related to the surface roughness
results found in the study. Changes in surface roughness values were negatives for
all the tested toothpastes, except for WTP, indicating that the enamel was polished
and reduced its surface roughness. Polishing the enamel can reduce the surface
roughness but could also increase enamel wear, changing the final color of the tooth
Regarding WIRegarding gloss, the results of the present study showed an increase in the gloss for
all the toothpastes, without difference among them. Literature shows a relation
between gloss to the light reflection on a determined surface, as greater the
roughness, lower the surface gloss Different from gloss analysis, the surface roughness showed difference among the
toothpastes. Brushing with toothpaste WTP increased the surface roughness of the
enamel, being significant (p=0.049) compared to toothpaste WT. WT has hydrated
silica in its composition, and WTP, aside from having silica, has sodium
bicarbonate, which is frequently used as a component of abrasive systems Toothpastes containing remineralizing agents can change the microhardness of the
tooth enamel surface The sample size was calculated using a previous study, considering only one of the
properties evaluated in the present study (ΔE), as performed by Santana et al. One limitation of the study is the lack of standardization of the applied brushing
force by the participants. Different brushing forces affect the abrasive capacity of
the toothpastes, enhancing or decreasing their action The toothpastes used in the present study did not alter the properties of the dental
enamel, except the roughness. However, the perception of tooth whitening, presented
by the whitening index, was higher than the change in color itself. Toothpaste with
an abrasive system based on sodium bicarbonate and silica, and that contains sodium
carbonate peroxide increased the surface roughness of the enamel.