Introduction
TC, osteoporosis
OSTEOPOROSIS
Aging is associated with decreased bone health and an increased risk of osteoporosis (OP) [In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential benefits of Tai Chi (TC) exercise in improving BMD in this population. TC is a unique Chinese exercise method that combines gentle, flowing movements with rhythmic breathing and meditation [Therefore, this study addresses the aforementioned issues and innovatively evaluates the effects of three types of TC exercise on improving the rate of change in BMD and reducing the risk of OP in middle-aged and older individuals at risk. It aims to provide evidence for the potential optimal exercise duration in TC exercise for the prevention and treatment of OP in the middle-aged and older population.