Results
Anxiety, anxiety, pain
Table The results of the satisfaction questionnaire are illustrated in Table A comparison of the results of the decreased anxiety questionnaire between the natural landscape VR and video game VR groups showed high rates of decrease in both groups, with 80% of those in the natural landscape VR group and 84% of those in the video game VR group responding that it had either Decreased Substantially or Decreased (Table An investigation of differences between the preoperative and postoperative VAS scores for anxiety and fear found that, as in our previous report, in the non-VR group, the VAS score for anxiety tended to increase postoperatively by 4.0 ± 22.3 mm compared with that preoperatively. In the two VR groups, however, the VAS score decreased significantly compared with the score for the non-VR group. A comparison between the two VR presentations showed that, for those patients who experienced a presentation showing a natural landscape (The results of the pain questionnaire by the patients who experienced the video game presentation were Decreased Substantially 21%, Decreased 47%, Unchanged 32%, Increased Slightly 0%, and Increased 0%, with approximately 70% reporting that their pain had diminished (Table In the investigation of changes in pain threshold using PainVision, the percentage change in current while experiencing the natural landscape VR and the video game VR compared with the value without VR as baseline was calculated. In terms of the mean threshold shift, the threshold increased by around 3% compared with baseline while experiencing the natural landscape presentation. However, while experiencing the video game presentation, it increased significantly by approximately 15% compared with baseline (Fig. Patient demographics.Data bare represented as a mean ± standard deviation of the mean. No significant differences were found between three groups.Response to the satisfaction questionnaire by VR use.Response to the questionnaire on the alleviation of fear and anxiety by VR use.Changes in VAS scores for anxiety. Difference between the preoperative VAS score for anxiety and that during the procedure. Anxiety improved among patients who used VR, whereas it increased in patients who did not use VR. Error bars represent mean ± SD.Response to the questionnaire on the alleviation of pain during treatment by VR use.Changes in pain threshold. Variations in electric current measured by PainVision. The current is compared with the baseline value while the subject was not using VR (none). Error bars represent mean ± SD.