3.4. Adolescent-Reported Substance Use Outcomes
Effect sizes of all substance use-related outcomes are reported in Effect sizes for reported intentions to use substances were lower among adolescents in FPNG+ (d = −0.08 and d = −0.06) and FPNG (d = −0.15 and d = −0.12) relative to adolescents in RAD at T2 and T3, respectively; FPNG+ performed equally well to FPNG at T2 and T3 (d = 0.02 and d = 0.01). Effect sizes for personal norms against substance use were stronger for FPNG+ compared to RAD (d = 0.16) and FPNG (d = 0.28); however, by T3, effect sizes for all groups were relatively similar. Due to the trial stoppage because of COVID-19, the small sample size led to confidence intervals that are quite large and contain zero.