Outcomes
TNF-α, ’ venous blood, NRS, pain
ADVERSE EVENTS
The primary outcome was the incidence of TH. Secondary outcomes included haemodynamic changes at each time point, degree of elevations of BP, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration change in venous blood at each time point, NRS at each time point after surgery, QoR-15 score at 24 h after surgery, the incidence of adverse events and the duration of hospital stay.TH was defined as a 30 per cent increase in SBP or DBP from baseline undergoing tourniquet useMoreover, NRS was used to assess the pain of patients before surgery and 1 h, 6 h, 24 h after surgery (0, no pain; 10, the most severe pain)Patients’ venous blood (5 ml) was drawn before anaesthesia induction (T