Study population
comorbidity, periodontitis, PD, Diabetes, T2DM, diabetes
DIABETES, PERIODONTITIS, PERIODONTITIS, DISEASE, DIABETES
Eligibility criteria for the study were assessed at in-person screening visits involving laboratory blood assessment, comprehensive clinical periodontal examination, and detailed medical history. To be eligible to participate in this study, patients had to meet the T2DM diagnostic criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in 2020: FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L), or 2-h PG ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT, or HbA1C ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol), or a random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L).Inclusion criteria included poorly controlled (HbA1c > 7%) T2DM, adult patients (age ≥ 18 years); having no significant comorbidity, being not involved in any trial/study related to diabetes and periodontitis during last 12 months and able to attend regular visits, the presence of at least 16 natural teeth that were distributed in all four quadrants. Among the teeth, at least six had to exhibit one site with a pocket depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm at baseline. Periodontitis was graded according to the diagnostic criteria co-presented the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) in the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Disease and Conditions [