Study design
delirium, Delirium
The Music to prevent deliriUm during neuroSurgerY Clinical (MUSYC) trial was a single-centre, prospective randomised controlled trial conducted at the Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The trial compared effects of music administered before, during and after craniotomy with standard of clinical care.The trial protocol was designed by neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, anaesthesiologists and neuroscientists and followed the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials guidelines and the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines for non-pharmacological treatments (see checklist in 
We expected an incidence of delirium in our control group of 30%, which was based on the incidence of 24.2%–32.4% documented in neurosurgical literature using the same screening tool (ie, Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOSS)).From July 2020 through September 2021, 189 patients were registered and randomly assigned to a trial group: 95 in the music group and 94 in the standard care group (CONSORT flow chart. CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials; ICU, intensive care unit; ITT, intention-to-treat; MC, Medical Center; mITT, modified ITT.