Inclusion criteria
HL
BILATERAL HEARING LOSS, AIDS
To be enrolled in the study, participants must be aged 45–60 years old and have normal hearing, or 65–80 years old and have either normal hearing or bilateral hearing loss and use hearing aids (with a minimum of 6-months of experience using that set of hearing aids). Hearing ability will be assessed using pure-tone audiometry. An audiometric pure tone threshold average (PTA) will be calculated for each participant across 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz. Participants will be included in the study if they have a PTA that is equal to or below 25 dB hearing level (HL) in the better ear for the normal-hearing middle-aged and older adults, and above 25 dB HL in both ears for the older adult hearing aid users [