Volitional pace 3 km running performance
EVENT
The 3 km time trial was performed on a conventional motorized treadmill with an incline set at 0% (Saturn, HP Cosmos, Nussdorf Traunstein, Germany). Participants were blinded to their running speed and elapsed time, and the researcher provided standard encouragement every 500 m. The participants were also partially blinded to the distance traveled; however, the last 500 m were announced. Participants were instructed to tell the researcher whether they wanted the speed to be increased or decreased at any point during the test by saying "faster" or "slower." Furthermore, the participants were instructed to finish the run as quickly as possible, as they would in a competitive event.