Treatments
In all participants, an eco-Doppler of the affected limb was performed, and immediate recognition of the three infrapatellar almost always occluded arteries with collateral vessel supply from the mid-leg to the distal leg segment (periareolar regions) such as anterior and posterior tibial arteries and peroneal artery. In addition, in some patients, we search for the dorsal pedal artery. Stem cell injections were made in a unique period by approaching a 27 g or 30 g needle connected to a 1 cc (insulin) syringe. Injections were made into the periadventitial arterial layer, 1–3 mm adjacent to the vessel wall. Fifteen stem cell injections were applied in the affected limb, in the periadventitial layer of these 3 or 4 previously mentioned arteries. All participants received local anesthetic (topic xylocaine gel).Participants were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments:(i) A placebo group ((ii) Auto-BM-MNC ((iii) Allo-WJ-MSCs (