2.2.3. Hand Instrumentation
The quarter-turn-and-pull action was used to instrument the root canals of the subjects in this group. Hand K-files #15/0.02, #20/0.02, #25/0.02, and #30/0.02 were navigated in a series of stainless-steel K-files (Mani, Tokyo, Japan). The irrigation protocol was performed similarly as reported in the first group.