Participants
RECRUITMENT
The survey research firm CloudResearch recruited a sample of US adults approximately matched to the US population on gender, age, ethnicity, and US Census Bureau region. Recruitment occurred from November 16 to December 3, 2022, with a pause during Thanksgiving weekend. Eligible participants lived in the US and were 18 years or older. To maximize statistical power to detect moderation by education level, approximately half of the sample had lower (some college or less) and higher (associate degree or higher) education levels.The University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board approved the study, and participants provided electronic informed consent. We preregistered the study design and analysis plan prior to data collection (