Eligibility criteria
optic nerve dysfunction, astigmatism, amblyopia, optic media lesions, cataract, glaucoma, retinal lesions
ASTIGMATISM, AMBLYOPIA, EYE DISEASES, CATARACT, GLAUCOMA
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the subject's guardian agreed to participate in the study and signed a written informed consent form; if the subject could express his or her willingness to participate in the trial, the subject's consent was also obtained; (2) age 3–16 years old (including the boundary values); there were no restrictions regarding gender; (3) the cycloplegic refraction with either spherical equivalent refractive (SER) was ≤ − 0.50 D ~ − 8.00 D (including the boundary values), and the total astigmatism was ≤ 2.50; (4) spectacle-corrected monocular VA was 0.0 logMAR or better; and (5) willing to wear SVS throughout the trial.The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients who intended to use atropine (including 1% high concentration or 0.01% low concentration); (2) patients wearing peripheral defocus spectacles or duo-focal soft contact lenses; (3) patients with eye diseases such as glaucoma or retinal lesions; (4) optic media lesions (e.g., central thick corneal scars, cataract); (5) patients with optic nerve dysfunction; (6) patients with amblyopia; (7) research physicians determined that the subject was not eligible for other reasons. After screening, the participants were selected based on professional inquiry and baseline examination. The participants and their parents or legal guardians were informed about the benefits and risks of this study before providing signed informed consent on behalf of their children.