Conclusion
Current study was the first to describe the molecular epidemiology of HBV and HDV in Kazakhstan. The genotype D (namely, the D1 subgenotype) of the HBV was predominant, and in all cases, the genotype 1 of the HDV was identified. The data obtained expand the knowledge of the global epidemiology of HBV and HDV and have clinical and organizational implications for the healthcare system in Kazakhstan.