Recruitment of study population
PTB
All Malaysian individuals with newly diagnosed PTB, available from September 2019 until September 2020 in Melaka were eligible for the study. The eligibility of a participant was based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All three districts in Melaka (Melaka Tengah, Alor Gajah and Jasin) were selected, in which all the health facilities that have the capability of managing PTB were included in the study.