2.1. Participants
disapproval, overweight
OBESE
According to the Saudi Ministry of Education—General Education Statistics at The positive responses received concerned 410 students (210 boys and 200 girls), while the others refused to participate. The disapproval was mainly attributed to cultural reasons that discourage participation in such studies. Before the measurements, students who met one or more criteria from the following list were excluded: age under 13 or over 18, disability, or any contraindication to PA. Failure of one or more of the study trials and lack of signed informed consent from participants aged 16 or older or parents younger than 16 were also considered exclusion criteria.After measurements, the results were checked for outliers with gender-specific Z-scores. As a general rule, values with a Z-score greater than 3 or less than −3 are often considered outliers and were excluded. A total of 8 outliers were determined and the final sample retained for analysis was 402 students (206 boys and 196 girls) aged 13 to 18. Participants were categorized into four BMI groups according to age- and sex-specific cutoffs suggested by the 2007 WHO Growth Reference (5–19 years): (1) underweight (UW; BMI-for-age < 5th percentile), normal weight (NW; 5th percentile ≤ BMI-for-age < 85th percentile), overweight (OW; 85th percentile ≤ BMI-for-age < 95th percentile), and obese (OB; BMI-for-age ≥ 95th percentile) (from de Onis et al. [