Patients
seizures, epilepsy, alcoholism, neurocognitive or psychiatric disorders, allergies, kidney or liver dysfunction, cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases
ALLERGIES, EPILEPSY
Eligible patients were recruited from February 8 to November 30, 2022. Inclusion criteria were age of 18 to 70 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I to II, body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 30 (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), and same-visit bidirectional endoscopy scheduled. Exclusion criteria were severe cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases, kidney or liver dysfunction, neurocognitive or psychiatric disorders, seizures or epilepsy, alcoholism, preoperative use of sedatives or analgesics, or allergies to the medications under investigation.