Patient characteristics
COPD
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD
The baseline characteristics of the patients are summarized in Table 
Basic CharacteristicsThe data are expressed as n (%) or median [range]. TIVA, total intravenous anesthesia; TIHA, total inhalation anesthesia; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HBA1c, hemoglobinA1c
Perioperative VariablesThe data are expressed as n (%) or median [range]. The 