2.1. Study Design and Patient Selection
DLSS
This was a two-group parallel single-center randomized controlled assessor-blinded trial (registered at We recruited patients with DLSS (diagnosed by a spine physician) with a visual analog scale (VAS) score of ≥5 who were treated at a single institution between 1 April 2021, and 31 December 2021, and received SNRB. The inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented in 