Exploratory associations
cerebral edema, tumor, tumors
DISEASE PROGRESSION, TUMOR, DISEASE, CEREBRAL EDEMA, TUMORS
We considered that concurrent use of medications may have impacted outcomes. Physicians were permitted to use low-dose bevacizumab or corticosteroids to address cerebral edema in this trial. Baseline corticosteroid use and corticosteroid use throughout the study were not statistically associated with outcomes, though use of corticosteroids throughout the study approached the threshold for statistical significance in some instances (Extended Data Table We also considered that variability in intrinsic patient and tumor factors might be associated with differences in outcomes of patients. To characterize potential biomarkers of treatment response, we obtained gene expression data on 38 patients with biopsy specimens available before treatment. We divided tumors from this study into three tumor microenvironment subtypes (TMETen patients also had biopsy specimens at the time of disease progression after treatment allowing for a biological assessment of matched-pair tissues. Of these ten patients, one initially had a partial response to treatment before progression, while the other nine patients did not demonstrate objective responses (three patients with progressive disease as best response and six patients with initially stable disease as best response). Comparing gene expression profiles at disease progression after treatment to those at baseline before treatment revealed several differentially expressed genes (Extended Data Fig. We performed immunophenotypic characterization of tumors before and after treatment by blinded immunohistochemical and multiplex immunofluorescence analysis. Patients with TMECertain pathogenic mutations are potentially associated with prognosis and specific response to checkpoint inhibition in glioblastomaAnti-adenovirus antibodies were measured by direct immunofluorescence assay in the serum of patients before treatment and throughout the course of the trial. All patients were seropositive for IgG antibodies against adenoviral hexon protein before treatment with DNX-2401, and in general, anti-adenovirus IgG levels increased within 2 months post treatment, with levels sustained longest in patients treated with 5 × 10