2.1. Study Design
ADHD
WEST, BLIND, BRAIN
This investigation was a multicenter, randomized controlled study involving five study centers, including the Nanjing Brain Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Second Hospital of West China of Sichuan University, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and First Hospital of Jilin University (The intervention group participated in offline parental group sessions weekly for eight weeks, while the control group did not participate in any form of parental training program. The implementation of the parental group intervention sessions was orchestrated in a series of phased cohorts at each designated location. This involved the execution of one to two successive cycles, each consisting of eight consecutive weekly sessions, with an involvement of six to ten parents per cycle. Consequently, the comprehensive duration of the intervention process extended over approximately 4 months a year at each respective center. Symptom and function assessments were conducted at the time of enrollment, two months postenrollment, and six months postenrollment. These assessments were carried out by researchers who were blind to group assignment and used standardized tools such as the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties (QCD). Data collection for all participants who completed the intervention and follow-up assessments was completed in August 2021. Data compilation was completed from August 15 to September 7, 2021.