Risk factors and outcome measures
pilon fractures, Polytrauma, trauma, infection, tissue damage, Fractures
INFECTION, DISEASE, SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
Demographic information including, age, gender, hemoglobin, serum albumin, c-reactive protein (CRP), blood platelet, leukocyte, preoperative blood sugar, waiting time for surgery, current smoking status and drinking status were extracted from the medical records. Among the causes of injury were falling from height, traffic accident, hit by heavy object and other. Polytrauma was defined as trauma to more than one of the following systems: musculoskeletal, abdominal, cardiothoracic, urogenital, vascular, and central nervous systems. Fractures were classified as extra-articular (43A), partially articular (43B), and intra-articular (43C) according to the AO/OTA system [A staged approach was used for pilon fractures with severe soft tissue damage, first with external fixation of the tibia and/or restoration of fibula length, and then with delayed tibial open reduction and internal fixation after soft tissue improvement. We defined surgical site infection as any infection that occured at the surgical incision site or deep tissue within 30 days of surgery (within one year of implant used) according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [