2.3. Participants
overweight or obesity
In the original investigation, a total of 1025 participants were recruited and included between September 2015 and October 2016 in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain. Participants were included if they were aged between 18 and 75 years old; met the criteria for overweight or obesity (body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/mFor this study, a total of 941 participants were analyzed (those who completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in each study assessment). Those with no or incomplete data on the FFQ were excluded (