Lateral cephalograms analysis
Lateral cephalograms were taken for all patients in both groups before treatment (T1) and after treatment (6 months later) (T2). Lateral cephalograms were taken using a standardized technique with the same machine; patients stood in the natural head position (NHP) [Digital tracing of the Lateral cephalograms was done using Osirix open-source software [
Skeletal measurements: SNA, SNB, ANB, FMA. (Table Pharyngeal airway area measurement:The pharyngeal airway was divided into three distinct regions using several anatomical markers: the nasopharyngeal airway area (NPAA), the oropharyngeal airway area (OPAA), and the laryngopharyngeal airway area (LPAA) [
Skeletal measurements: SNA, SNB, ANB, FMA.
Cephalometric sagittal pharyngeal airway area measurements used in the study. NPAA: Nasopharyngeal airway area, OPAA: Oropharyngeal airway area, LPAA: Laryngopharyngeal airway area