2.3. Detection of Observation Indicators
Peripheral venous blood samples
SECONDARY, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
The primary endpoint was postoperative complications. The secondary endpoints encompassed parameters such as nutritional status, inflammatory markers, cellular immune function indicators, and intestinal mucosal barrier integrity indicators, notably endotoxin (ET), D-lactic acid, and diamine oxidase. Peripheral venous blood samples, procured after an 8 h fasting period pre-surgery and on the 3rd and 7th postoperative days were assessed for the abovementioned intestinal mucosal barrier indicators. Inflammatory markers, including total white blood cell counts, the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and nutritional markers like albumin were evaluated on the 7th postoperative day. The indicators of cellular immune function, CD4+T and CD8+T, were assessed preoperatively and one month postoperatively. The incidence of postoperative complications and gastrointestinal metrics, such as the time to the first postoperative flatus and bowel movement in both groups, were also documented.