Participants
PDR, corneal lesions, corneal opacity, coagulation abnormalities, ocular diseases
UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION, RETINA, HYPERGLYCEMIA, PROLIFERATIVE, SCARRING, EYE, EYE INFECTIONS
The study was conducted at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital. Participant inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) definite diagnosis of PDR requiring vitrectomy, (2) presence of a substantial area of proliferative membranes on the retina using fundus imaging or B-ultrasonography, (3) age ≥ 18 years, and (4) follow-up for at least 6 months after surgery. Participant exclusion criteria included (1) corneal lesions affecting the operative field, such as corneal opacity or scarring, (2) a prior history of vitreoretinal surgery, (3) external eye infections, (4) uncontrolled hypertension or hyperglycemia, (5) coagulation abnormalities or current use of anticoagulant drugs other than aspirin, (6) the inability to meet postoperative position requirements, (7) other ocular diseases that may damage visual acuity, and (8) irregular follow-up. Only one eye from each patient was included. Patients deemed eligible to participate were given detailed information about the study and successfully signed the written informed consent form. Then, the patients were randomized, and the assigned regimen was implemented.