Discussion
postoperative pain, inflammation, pain, tooth, WL
INFLAMMATION
Varying levels of pain and discomfort may persist even after removal of the inflammation source by cleaning and shaping procedures [The use of laser in low level had a notable effect on the outcomes of endodontic treatment; our point of search focused to investigate the optimum low-level laser intervention methodology that may affect the postoperative pain level. Thus, our aim was to compare two different methods for low-level laser applications: LLLT and LAI in terms of post-endodontic pain control.Our study is a single blinded, three-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial with patient-reported outcome procedures for the greatest possible chance to minimize bias and in which the patient, who is the outcome reporter, was blinded to the interventions done, consequently decreasing act and find bias [Only persons who did not take any pain modulating medications 12 h before the visit were allowed to participate in the study to abolish the influence of pre-treatment analgesics on pain analysis. The impact of gender on postoperative pain has been conflicting [A single-visit root canal treatment was selected in this study to remove any positive or negative influence of using intracanal medication on our outcome [As studies reported elevated levels of post-endodontic pain after 48–72 h [Regarding the choice of the wavelength and the power of the diode laser in our study, we used wavelength of 980 because as it showed more bactericidal with signs of changes in the bacterial surface [Proper positioning of the fiber optic probe in LAI was mastered to be 2–3 mm short of the WL. This was to ensure adequate irrigant flow through the root canal [In LLLT group, the laser beam was targeted directly over the alveolar mucosa at a location corresponding to the apices of each tooth, although the beam was targeted in other studies [Our results showed that there was statistically significant difference in pain score after 24 h where lowest pain score was related to LLLT group. After 48 h, there was no statistically significant difference between LAI and LLLT groups, but both differ statistically significantly lower than ML group.The results of our study agree with the findings of Arsalan A et al. [LAI showed favorable responses in pain control in several studies [Considering that both LAI and LLLT are clinically viable options, using LAI would be the more clinically useful and effective option given the similar results. This is because LAI has been shown to have antibacterial effects, is reasonably priced, and is increasingly used in general practice.A limitation of this research may be the unenrolment of female patients; thus, wider range of patients may enhance the generalizability of the clinical trial outcomes. Upcoming studies are advised to assess the effects of other lasers on the short- and long-term results.