Participants, Recruitment Strategy, and Randomization
RA, psychiatric, diabetes
CHRONIC PAIN, HYPERTENSION, RECRUITMENT, DIABETES
Trained community center staff identified potentially eligible older adults from the center’s membership list. Inclusion criteria: (1) aged 60 years or over, (2) has chronic pain, hypertension, or diabetes, (3) uses a smartphone. Exclusion criteria: (1) currently participating in another mHealth program, (2) has acute psychiatric problems, (3) bedbound (as they are unable to self-care), or (4) has no internet coverage at home. The community center staff called potentially eligible members, described the study, and provided them with the opportunity to opt out of recruitment. A trained research assistant (RA) then collected their baseline data and called the Principal Investigator (PI), who had no knowledge of the participants’ identity, to assign the participants to one of 3 groups (ie, mHealth+I, mHealth, or control) by using the software program “Research Randomizer.” The group assignments were placed in sealed envelopes and opened sequentially at the time of randomization.