Shortness of breath
Cardiomyopathy, Shortness of breath, shortness of breath
HEART FAILURE, CARDIOMYOPATHY
Shortness of breath was assessed by administering the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, which is specifically designed to assess the health status of individuals with heart failure. The present study assessed items related to shortness of breath, which included, “Over the past 2 weeks, how much has your shortness of breath bothered you?”, and “Over the past 2 weeks, on average, how many times have you been forced to sleep sitting up in a chair or with at least 3 pillows to prop you up because of shortness of breath?”. Overall the questionnaire demonstrates strong psychometric properties [