Primary outcome
SCOPE was initially planned as a randomized clinical trial, attempting to take the complex nature of the system in which it was implemented into account. Using quantitative measures, SCOPE’s primary aim, improvement in the conceptual use of best practices, was not demonstrated. The intention was that teams would implement what they had learned by taking part in SCOPE, developing, and testing small changes in care practices, based upon best practices in care, which would then be spread across the unit and embedded in usual care. The outcome, Conceptual Research Use (use of best practices), was thought to best capture the essence of the change in thinking resulting from the team quality improvement collaborative and theoretically links beliefs regarding research use being predictive of actual best practice use [