Study design and participants
acute cardiopulmonary dysfunction, deafness, seizures, psychiatric, aphasia, multi‐organ failure
DISEASE, OTHER NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS, DISORDERS, ISCHEMIC STROKE, BRAIN TUMORS, COLOR BLINDNESS
This study involved a single‐blind, randomized controlled trial based on the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was registered at The inclusion criteria for PISEI subjects were as follows: (1) diagnosed with ischemic stroke; (2) scored 10–27 on Mini‐mental State Examination (MMSE) and scored below 26 on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); (3) scored <4 out of five on MoCA's visuospatial and executive function subtests; (4) in stable condition and can complete paper and pencil tests; (5) first onset and course of disease (6–18 months); (6) aged 45–75 years; and (7) capable of providing informed consent for the study. Healthy subjects were included if they (1) aged 45–75 years; (2) no abnormalities on cranial fMRI examination; (3) MMSE score ≥ 27 and MoCA score ≥ 26; and (4) not taking medications. PISEI and healthy subjects were excluded if they had metal implants, a history of other neurological disorders, acute cardiopulmonary dysfunction, multi‐organ failure, brain tumors, psychiatric disorders, history or family history of seizures, complete aphasia, color blindness, or deafness, and had previously done cognitive tests.