Exclusion criteria
CARIOUS TEETH
Individuals who:were habitual users of miswak chewing sticks or have experienced in using them.had orthodontic appliances.had grossly carious teeth, gross overhanging restorations, severe malpositioned teeth and/or gingival recession, had crowns placed, and wore partial dentures.had current or previous history of periodontal treatment including root surface debridement/periodontal surgery.had poor manual dexterity.were pregnant or were lactating mothers.had taken antibiotics in the previous 3 months.