Participants
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous VF damage, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous defect, atrophy, glaucoma, Glaucoma
GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NEUROPATHY, INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE, PRIMARY ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA, GLAUCOMA SUSPECT, PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA, ATROPHY, SECONDARY GLAUCOMA, GLAUCOMA, AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, EYE, GLAUCOMA, GLAUCOMA SUSPECT
Participants were recruited from patients at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego. The research protocol followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University of California, San Diego Institutional Review Board. All study participants provided written informed consent.The participants' eyes were divided into three diagnostic groups: healthy, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma. Healthy eyes were characterized by intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 21 mmHg, normal-appearing optic discs and neuroretinal rims, and normal VF test results defined as PSD within the 95% CI and Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT) results within normal limits using SITA 24–2 FAST. Glaucoma suspects were defined as eyes with IOP of ≥ 22 mmHg or glaucomatous-appearing optic discs (glaucomatous optic neuropathy) without repeatable glaucomatous VF damage. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was defined as excavation, the presence of focal thinning, notching of the neuroretinal rim, or localized or diffuse atrophy of the RNFL by attending physicians based on ophthalmoscopic examination or fundus photographs. Glaucoma was defined as eyes showing at least two reliable (fixation losses and false negatives ≤ 33% and ≤ 15% false positives) and repeatable abnormal (GHT outside normal limits or PSD outside 95% normal limits) VF results using the 24–2 SITA-FAST with similar glaucomatous defect patterns on consecutive testing as evaluated by study investigators. Glaucoma included all types, such as primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle closure glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Eyes were excluded if they had any other ocular or systemic conditions, apart from glaucoma, that could affect VF test results, such as age-related macular degeneration.