1. Introduction
cancer, deaths, tumors
CANCER, CERVICAL CANCER, TUMORS
These authors contributed equally to this work.We conducted a phase Ib study to examine the safety of a combination of carbon-ion RT (CIRT) with durvalumab (MEDI4736; AstraZeneca) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. This was an open-label, single-arm study with a modified 3 + 3 design. Patients with newly diagnosed histologically proven locally advanced cervical cancer were enrolled. All patients received 74.4 Gy of CIRT in 20 fractions and concurrent weekly cisplatin (chemo-CIRT) at a dose of 40 mg/mCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. In 2020, there were approximately 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths [Charged particle therapies such as proton beam therapy and carbon-ion RT (CIRT) are promising forms of RT with excellent dose distributions. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted using CIRT for many types of tumors and have shown favorable outcomes, taking advantage of the superior dose distribution and biological benefits of higher linear energy transfer (LET) [The immune system recognizes cancer cells and sometimes controls or eliminates them. Based on this concept, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has ushered in a new era of antitumor treatment, with sustained responses and significant survival advantages observed in various tumors. The coordination of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptors play critical roles in the T-cell immune response in several molecules involved in the antitumor immune response [Many preclinical and clinical studies have shown that RT activates antitumor immunity [