5. Conclusion
In conclusion, this study investigated the integration of EFs with fMRI data and explored the associated challenges and implications. Overall, our findings underscore the complexity of the relationship between EFs, neural activity, and functional connectivity. The region-specific effects of EFs and their modulation of network-level connectivity provide valuable insights into the targeted and context-dependent nature of tDCS effects. Although we only found FDR-corrected significant results at the network level, we also observed strong correlations at the ROI level. However, the lack of a specific hypothesis for selecting brain regions in the ROI-level analysis may have impacted its efficacy, while the network-based approach was more contingent as it helped to limit our search space and identify significant results.Nevertheless, the absence of significant correlations between EFs and behavioral outcomes highlights the need for further investigation to fully understand how EF-induced neural changes translate into subjective experiences and behaviors. Future research should delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of these relationships, explore additional analytical approaches, and consider other factors that may influence the effects of EFs on brain function. By addressing these avenues, we can advance our knowledge and maximize the potential of EF-based interventions for both clinical and cognitive applications.