Patients and groups
intracranial hypertension, abnormal liver and kidney function, epilepsy, auditory impairment, skull defect, mental disorder
EPILEPSY, DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, MYASTHENIA GRAVIS, SYNDROME, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASE
Patients undergoing spinal surgery who required electrophysiological monitoring were included in this study. Other inclusion criteria included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III, muscle strength III-V (Lovett muscle strength grading), and age between 18 and 80 years old. Excluded from the study were patients with nerve conduction pathway injury, intracranial hypertension syndrome, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, myasthenia gravis, obvious abnormal liver and kidney function, severe circulatory respiratory system disease, mental disorder, pacemaker implantation, history of epilepsy, skull defect, auditory impairment, and language communication difficulties. Patients who needed to be awakened during the procedure were also excluded. The flow chart of patient selection was shown in Fig. The flow chart of patient selectionPatients were randomly assigned to one of three groups (