Outcomes
Disability, Pain, shoulder pain, pain
SECONDARY
Outcomes of interest were collected by study personnel at the time of consent, after 6 weeks of intervention, and at 6 months following discharge. Our primary outcome measure was patient report of having had surgery, or being scheduled for surgery, which was captured using a telephone survey at 6 months after discharge from impairment-based PT care. We selected a question framed around the patient’s choice of treatment approaches, and included the question: “Have you had surgery or are you scheduled for surgery for the shoulder problem that you were treated for in physical therapy?” A positive response was coded if the patient reported had already received surgery for their shoulder or was scheduled for surgery. We elected to use this question, because it allowed us to measure if patients had or were scheduled to have surgery in or outside of the study institution—in which case, a scheduled procedure would not be documented in the medical record.Secondary outcome measures included changes in expectations while participating in PT and satisfaction with the PT outcome, as well as pain and function. Expectations and satisfaction with PT outcome were measured with the Musculoskeletal Outcome Data Evaluation Management System Expectations and Satisfaction Surveys (MODEMS-E and MODEMS-S) questionnaires respectively. The MODEMS [Additional secondary outcomes included: shoulder pain intensity assessed through the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) [At baseline, we collected information on age, sex, marital status, education level, work status, prior episodes of PT (for current or different problem), if an injection was received, the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome (OSPRO-ROS), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), both to describe participant presentation and to identify any post randomization difference between groups. To further describe and characterize participants after the course of treatment, we reported the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) [