Statistical evaluation
overdose, COPD, overdosed
REGRESSION, COPD
COPD cases were analyzed descriptively. Continuous parameters were tested for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Non-normally distributed parameters were reported as median and interquartile range (IQR) and compared using Mann–Whitney test between cases with overdosed inhaled therapy and non-overdosed cases. Categorical parameters were reported in absolute numbers and percentages and compared using the chi-square test. The frequency of ADRs, symptom complexes, and substance classes suspected for ADR was compared between the groups of overdosed and non-overdosed patients using the chi-square test.With the help of logistic regression analyses, odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the occurrence of a specific ADR complex in the group of patients with overdose compared to the group without overdose. For this purpose, first, an unadjusted model was calculated (model 1). In the next step, age and gender were included in the model (model 2), and finally, gender, age, and the number of medications taken (excluding COPD medications) were included (model 3). Complexes were compared in subgroup analyses with specific inhaled medication using a chi-square test. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (IBM, version 25).