Immune response in GAD-alum treated patients
PROLIFERATION
GADA levels increased in GAD-alum treated patients at 2 months, after the first injection, and remained higher through the study compared to the placebo group (Immune response from day 1 to 15 months in GAD-alum (smooth line, n=56) and Placebo (dashed line, n=52) individuals. GADFurther stratification of the GAD-alum and placebo groups according to the presence or absence of DR3DQ2 haplotype showed a similar pattern as for the whole cohort. Thus, GADA, GADA IgG1, 2, 3 and 4 subclasses, GAD-induced proliferation and cytokine secretion were higher in GAD-alum treated patients with and without DR3DQ2 compared to placebo individuals with the same haplotype (Levels of all analyzed cytokines were similar in PBMC supernatants from placebo and GAD-alum treated subjects, both when cells were cultured in medium alone or in the presence of CD3/CD28. No differences were observed when patients were stratified according DR3DQ2 haplotype. Analysis of cytokines in serum samples did not reveal any difference for any comparison. The same was true for CD3/CD28 induced proliferation (data not shown).