INTRODUCTION
retinopathy, endocrine disorder, neuropathy, Diabetes mellitus, nephropathy, diabetes
RETINOPATHY, ENDOCRINE DISORDER, NEUROPATHY, DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN RESISTANCE, NEPHROPATHY, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, COMPLICATIONS, DIABETES
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, often resulting in complications affecting multiple organs, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Among potential interventions, certain micronutrients, like chromium, have the potential to improve glycemic management. The potential of chromium to mitigate insulin resistance and enhance insulin sensitivity through cellular receptors underscores its significance. Conversely, insufficient dietary chromium intake could contribute to diabetes development. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of chromium supplementation among individuals with diabetes. In a single-blind randomized clinical trial, participants aged 40 to 60 years with uncontrolled diabetes were divided into two groups. The intervention group received a daily chromium supplement of 200 mcg and their regular diabetes medication regimen, while the control group received only medication. The follow-up period spanned four months, during which fasting blood sugar, HbA1c levels, and lipid profiles were assessed for both groups, followed by a comparative analysis. Patients had a mean age of 52.3±6.3 years. Males constituted only 47.5% of participants, and women were 52.5%. The initial HbA1c level at the start of the study for individuals receiving chromium was 10.4±2.4. Following the follow-up period, the average HbA1c level decreased significantly to 7.2±1.7, showing a statistically significant difference. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the mean fasting blood sugar levels, approaching normal levels. These results suggest a beneficial role of chromium supplementation in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, contributing to improved glycemic control.Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and accompanied by complications affecting diverse organs, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy [Both macro and micronutrients are crucial for sustaining various physiological functions in the human body. While micronutrients are required in small quantities, they have key roles in many body systems. These micronutrients facilitate diverse pathways, including enzyme regulation, cellular actions, and hemostasis [Many micronutrients could have positive protective effects in controlling blood sugar. Chromium, for instance, can reduce insulin resistance and enhance insulin sensitivity via cell receptors [Chromium is stored within cells when it binds to specific small-sized proteins. This action is initiated when insulin binds to its receptors, and chromium helps transmit insulin messages before being excreted both from cells and the body as a whole. This mechanism results in a decrease in chromium levels, especially within glucose-dependent pathways. Consequently, elevated blood glucose prompts heightened insulin action, receptor binding, and a subsequent loss of chromium [