Analgesia methods
GROUP B
Group A: Anesthesiologists explained the purpose of tracheal intubation to patients 30 min before surgery, showed and acquainted patients with the tracheal tube, and instructed patients in advance to open their mouths to simulate postoperative cooperation with tracheal extubation. Then the patients were given 10 µg sufentanil (diluted to 10 mL with saline) by intravenous injection, and PPST by professional staff according to standard procedures.Group B: Patients were given 10 µg of sufentanil (diluted to 10 mL with saline) intravenously 30 min before surgery.Group C: Patients were explained the purpose of tracheal intubation 30 min before surgery, shown and acquainted with the tracheal tube, and instructed in advance to open their mouths to simulate postoperative cooperation with tracheal extubation, followed by intravenous injection of 10 mL saline.Group D: Patients received conventional intubation with general anesthesia, without any preemptive analgesia or psychological support treatment.