The second phase of validation in sample B
The second phase was validation of the simplified version as above in Sample B. Compared to the original version, the reliability, the construct validity, as well as Goodness-of-fit was estimated in the simplified version scale. Both Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega, as well as their 95%CI, were used to assess the reliability of the simplified version scale. The three factors Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess the convergent validity and discriminant validity. The goodness-of-fit was examined via structural equation modeling using the maximum likelihood method (In addition, Multi-group CFA (MCFA) was used to test the invariance of the simplified version across groups of gender, age, level of education, and cognitive status. The four models were used in MCFA analysis, that was: (1) configural invariance: the basic factor structure was the same across groups; (2) metric invariance: constraining factor loadings to be equal between groups based on the basic factor structure; (3) strong invariance: constraining the intercepts of the items to be the same between groups based on metric invariance; (4) strict invariance: further constraining residuals to be equal between groups (IRT analyses were conducted using the R mirt package (