2.5. Secondary Clinical Outcome
fracture, pain
Secondary clinical outcomes included the time of fracture healing and hospital stay, pain as assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) at different times, and patient satisfaction with care. In detail, we used VAS to assess pain before intervention, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after intervention. The VAS scoring standard is divided into 10 equal parts using a ruler, 0 is no pain, 1-3 is mild pain, 4-6 is moderate pain, and 7-10 is severe pain.