Instrument design.
The COVID-19 questionnaires asked the respondent if they had attended gathering(s) since the last parenting group meeting, generally 2 weeks prior. The following kinds of gatherings were included: visits to the clinic, church, or funeral attendance and other gathering. Respondents were asked approximately how many other individuals were at the gathering, if the respondent wore a mask, if she perceived other attendees wore a mask (asked as a scale from no one to everyone), and where the gathering was located (indoors, outdoors, or in a tent). The questionnaire also asked respondents their perceived risk of catching COVID-19 (asked as scale from very low to very high). Demographic information for each respondent was collected separately within a parenting group attendance register. The study unique identifier for each respondent was included in the questionnaire. Caregivers often attended community-based parenting group meetings biweekly, and many caregivers submitted repeated questionnaires over time.