Outcomes
atrophy
SECONDARY, ATROPHY, TESTICULAR ATROPHY
The primary outcome was the effect of TVF on testicular pressure.The secondary outcomes were the safety, feasibility, and reproducibility of the modified TVF technique. To define testicular atrophy and salvage rates, atrophy was considered if the affected testicle contained <50% of the volume of the non-twisted testicle. Following previous reports,