Study population
Cancer, tumor, primary bladder cancer
CANCER, TUMOR, BLADDER
Patients diagnosed with primary bladder cancer (ICD‐O‐3/WHO 2008: “Urinary Bladder”) between 2004 and 2015 were enrolled into the study. The exclusion criteria for data extraction were (1) patients aged <20 years or ≥ 80 years at diagnosis; (2) patients with no surgery or undergoing local resection; (3) patients with no LN removed or with unclear examined LNs (ELNs) and PLNs; (4) patients with T0/Ta/Tis classification or with unclear AJCC TNM stage and tumor grade; (5) patients with unclear survival data or survival time less than 1 month. Finally, we included 10,093 BC patients after cystectomy or radical cystectomy from SEER and partitioned them into training cohort (Flowchart illustrating patient selection of this study. ELN, examined lymph node; PLN, positive lymph node; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas.