Primary outcome: Pink Esthetic score (PES)
PES
PES was assessed at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Seven variables were scored: mesial papilla, distal papilla, curvature of the facial mucosa, level of the facial mucosa and soft tissue color, and texture of facial gingiva at the implant site. A score of 0, 1, or 2 was given to each parameter to obtain a final score of 14 [