2.4. Data Analysis
PTSD
Participant characteristics, such as age, race, and gender, are presented at an individual-patient level. Outcomes are described using counts/percentages for categorical variables and means/standard deviations for scale variables. While under-powered, initial comparisons between groups were conducted using the χ2/exact test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney U test for scale variables. In order to conduct adjusted comparisons, propensity scores were first computed using age, race, gender, type of sessions (e.g., hybrid, in person, etc.), hours of group treatment addressing the interventions, time since injury, education, diagnosis of PTSD, and score at admission. Due to the sample size, a ridge penalty was used to compute propensity scores. Comparisons were then repeated using the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test and Quade rank-order analysis of covariance for categorical and scale outcomes, respectively. Analyses were conducted using R (v4.2) [