Statistical analysis
cancer, death, UTUC
REGRESSION, CANCER
The primary outcome of the study was OS in UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. OS was defined as the interval between the date of cancer diagnosis and the date of death recorded in the registry. 1195 UTUC patients were randomly assigned to the training and validation sets with a ratio of 7:3. The baseline characteristics between the two groups were analyzed by chi-square test and t-test. The training set was used to develop the original nomogram, while the training set and validation set were both used to draw the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were applied to determine independent prognostic factors. Then the nomogram was generated based on the independent prognostic factors calculated by the multivariate Cox model. ROC, AUC, and Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) were used to distinguish the models and compare the prediction probabilities of nomogram and 8th AJCC-TNM staging system in 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS. Calibration plots were generated to validate the model by comparing the predicted values and actual observations. DCA was applied to quantify clinical utility and compare prognosis predictive capacity between the nomogram and the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system. All tests were performed using R software (version 4.2.1, 