Discussion
postoperative pain, pain
Successful primary teeth pulpectomy is dependent on the efficiency of biomechanical instrumentation, the obturating material utilized with fewer voids as feasible, as well as the attainment of an excellent hermetic seal [The least instrumentation time had been observed in the Kedo-S-Square group with a significant statistical difference among all groups; this agreed with Silva et al. [In this study, regarding the obturation quality, the maximum optimal filling had been observed in Kedo-S-Square and Fanta AF™ Baby groups with no significant difference in comparison to the hand K-file group (p = 0.424); this agreed with Jeevanandan & Govindaraju [To decrease the bias during postoperative pain assessment, the following steps were taken. Firstly, only asymptomatic non-vital lower primary second molars had been included in this study as the perception of postoperative pain is strongly linked to preoperative pain, also to equalize the local anesthetic technique as well as the number of root canals. Secondly, only one operator performed the clinical treatment to decrease children’s perception of pain. Lastly, since each child has a different pain threshold, this study used the four-point pain intensity scale which had great reliability & validity, also been frequently used in previous research [According to the study’s findings, the Kedo-S-square rotary file system, along with Fanta AF™ Baby files, was more effective than manual files in obtaining an optimum root canal filling with less instrumentation time as well as less postoperative pain. CBCT is ideal for assessing the quality of root canal obturation in three dimensions.