4.4.1. Inclusion Criteria
tumors, urothelial bladder carcinoma, NMIBC
DISEASE PROGRESSION, UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA, METASTATIC CANCER, CARCINOMA IN SITU, TUMORS
Patients meeting the following criteria were eligible to be included in the current study:Aged ≥18 yearsHistologically confirmed diagnosis of NMIBC (Ta, T1, and/or carcinoma in situ—CIS) with urothelial carcinoma—predominant histology.Presence of multiple tumors (>2 lesions) and/or recurrent and/or large tumors (>3 cm) classified as TaG1-2.Diagnosis of grade 3 urothelial bladder carcinoma.Completed ≥1 adequate course of BCG induction therapy for the treatment of NMIBC.Persistent or recurrent high-risk NMIBC after adequate induction therapy.Patients who were refractory or intolerant to BCG treatment.Patients who were recurrent or refractory to first and second-line chemotherapy since they are at higher risk of disease progression to invasive and/or metastatic cancer.Willingness to provide informed consent.Clinical ineligibility for radical cystectomy.Patients who declined radical cystectomy.Adequate organ function.