Outcomes
SECONDARY
Patient characteristics (age, sex, height, weight, ASA class, comorbidities, smoking history, and previous operative history) were collected. The primary outcome was fentanyl (0.5 ug/kg) requirements in the PACU. For the secondary outcome, an additional request for analgesics other than the index opioid was counted (other opioids, acetaminophen or NSAID).Other intraoperative covariates for secondary outcomes were as follows: (1) the level of consciousness upon awakening, as assessed by the RASS immediately before and after extubation [Our participants were asked to fill out surveys about recovery, discomfort, and satisfaction on the postoperative day 1. The Quality of Recovery-15 questionnaire (QoR15) is a validated questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate the health status during the early postoperative period, with higher scores indicating a better recovery [