2.2.4. Classical massage
CM
CM was applied to the lower and upper back regions in the prone position. Massage oil was used as an intermediate. After general stroking to the entire back, stroking and kneading were applied to the erector spine, latissimus dorsi, and gluteus maximus muscles in the lower back. An upper back massage was performed after the lower back massage and stroking and kneading were applied to the erector spine and trapezius muscles. The back massage ended with a general stroking application. The duration of the massage was approximately 15 to 20 minutes.