Statistical analysis
pain
Data were reviewed using SPSS 17.0. To compare chronic post-operative pain levels (measured by the modified visual analog scale) between two groups, Student’s t-test was performed at 6 and 24 hours, as well as at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, both at rest and during motion. Initial assessments were based on comparative data at 6 and 24 hours and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. To ensure that the overall significance level remains at 0.05, the level of significance for the t-test was adjusted to 0.025 after applying the Bonferroni correction.