Grouping and interventions
anterior inferior iliac spine
Treatment allocation was concealed using consecutively numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes held by an anesthesia nurse who was not involved in the study. The envelopes were handed to the anesthesiologist performing the nerve block on the day of surgery. Both groups of patients fasted for eight hours and refrained from clear liquids for 2 h before surgery. In the preoperative holding area, all study patients received intravenous parecoxib sodium 40 mg and fentanyl 1.5 µg/kg. Upon entering the operating room, non-invasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP), heart rate (HR), pulse oximetry (SpO2), and three-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) were continuously monitored.The procedure in the PENG group [
Continuous PENG block. AIIS: anterior inferior iliac spine; white asterisk: catheter trajectory; IPE: iliopubic eminence; LA: local anesthetic; PT: psoas major tendon; IM: iliacus muscle; white triangle: iliac Fascia; FA: femoral arteryThe procedural technique employed in the FICB group followed a previously conducted study [
Continuous FICB. SM: sartorius muscle; white asterisk: catheter trajectory; LA: local anesthetic; IM: iliacus muscle; IB: iliac bone; white triangle: iliac Fascia; IOM: internal oblique muscle