Fasting metabolites replicate the anti-inflammatory effects of fasted plasma in macrophage
As with fasted plasma, treatment of primary human macrophage with individual compounds or their combination during stimulation with cFb ICs significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-α versus the vehicle-treated positive control (positive control, 1065 ± 42.61 pg/mL; spermidine, 259 ± 19 pg/mL, Finally, we found that the in vitro treatment of THP-1 macrophage with individual metabolites and their combination during induced M1 polarization showed a significant reduction in NOS activity (positive control, 0.076 ± 0.002 mU/mg; spermidine, 0.046 ± 0.003 mU/mg, 