2.4. Anesthesia and Surgical Procedure
bleeding, hemorrhages, ’
BLEEDING, HEMORRHAGES
In the operating room, the patients were monitored in terms of an electrocardiogram (EKG), peripheral oxygen saturation, noninvasive blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature. Following the induction of anesthesia, the end-tidal COFor anesthesia induction, patients were given an IV bolus dose of propofol 2 mg/kg, fentanyl 2–3 μg/kg, and rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg. Then, they were intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube. While 7–7.5 mm tubes were used for women, 8–8.5 mm tubes were used for men. IV remifentanil infusion (0.2 μg/kg/min) and Sevoflurane 2% in a 1:1 air:oxygen mixture were used to maintain anesthesia. Low-flow anesthesia was used with a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min; an inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) of 0.5 was provided along with air. The oxygen saturation was targeted above 93% throughout the operation [In the perioperative period, the peak and plateau inspiratory pressures (IP), dynamic compliance, respiratory rate, exhaled tidal volume and ETCOThe patients’ perioperative fluid requirement was met through 5 mL/kg/hr IV infusion of crystalloid solutions. In case of perioperative bleeding, the first 500 mL was compensated with colloid liquids. Continuous hemorrhages were replaced with blood after estimating the blood volume patients lost. At the end of surgery, CO