Measurement
nausea/vomiting, itching, drowsiness, irritable, Pruritus, nausea and vomiting, vomiting, pain, over-sedation, cough, pruritus, Nausea, NRS, urinary retention
PRURITUS, ADVERSE EVENTS
Patients’ baseline data, surgery and anaesthesia were collected. Mean blood presssure and heart rate at eight time points were recorded: After patient admission (T0), 10 min after intrathecal block (T1), 1 min after double-lumen tracheal intubation (T2), 1 min before surgical cut (T3), 1 min after surgical cut (T4), 5 min after surgical cut (T5), at the end of surgery (T6) and 30 min after extubation (T7). IVPCA sufentanil consumption in 48 h and NRS at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postoperatively were recorded. Intra-operative consumption of remifentanil and propofol was recorded. Additionally, common side effects (sedative effect, nausea/vomiting, and pruritus) and some recovery indicators were recorded.For sedation, the Ramsay Sedation Score was used: 1 score: irritable; 2 score: awake, quiet and cooperative; 3 score: drowsy, but able to follow commands and respond with agility; 4 score: in a state of drowsiness, can be awakened quickly; 5 score: in a state of light sleep, unresponsive to calls and responsive to stronger stimuli (e.g., tapping); and 6 score: in a state of deep sleep, not waking up to calls. If the score is greater than 4, the patient is over-sedated, and 15 μg of nalmefene is given intravenously for over-sedation. Nausea and vomiting were classified as three grades: asymptomatic, symptomatic without treatment, and symptomatic with treatment. Gastrografin 10 mg intramuscularly was given, and haloperidol 0.63–1.25 mg intravenously was given for unrelieved nausea and vomiting, which was repeated once every 8 h if necessary.Pruritus was classified as asymptomatic, symptomatic without treatment and symptomatic with treatment, 10 mg of propofol was given for itching with the maximum dose not exceeding 50 mg. 10 mg of cetirizine tablets were given orally if itching persisted.All patients were given a preoperative urinary catheter, which was removed on the second day. If urinary retention occurred after removal of the urinary catheter, hot compresses and massage were used, and the catheter was reintroduced if it could not be relieved.All results were recorded by an anaesthetist who had no knowledge of the subgroups. The scores of Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) is the recently developed to validate short-form postoperative recovery evaluation. QoR-15 questionnaire has 15 questions that assess patient-reported postoperative health status using a 11-point numerical rating scale that leads to a minimum score of 0 (poor recovery) and a maximum score of 150 (excellent recovery). QoR-15 was obtained 24 h and 48 h after surgery in this trail.The primary outcome was the pain scores at rest and with cough at 48 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes were intraoperative propofol and remifentanil consumption, intraoperative haemodynamic variables, postoperative rescue analgesic requirements and adverse events; and postoperative recovery indicators.