5. Conclusions
PhyS milk
In summary, we have shown that diet modulates the HDL lipidome. Specifically, four weeks of ω3-milk supplementation produce greater changes in the HDL lipidome than supplementation with PhyS milk. Our results suggest that CE HDL lipids could be useful markers of short-term dietary intake. In addition, PCs, TAGs and CEs esterified with DHA and EPA stand as Moreover, besides the influence of diet, it is worth noting that the HDL lipidome exhibits sex-dependent variations, as evidenced by distinct patterns observed at different stages of the study. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex-specific factors when investigating the impact of HDL lipid composition and further highlight the complexity of the interplay between diet and sex in shaping the HDL profile.These findings are consistent with the results of our prior research on HDL proteomes [In conclusion, these findings strongly support the notion that the impact of diet on the HDL lipid profile is of utmost importance, as it reveals a close relationship among all lipid species. These results underscore the significance of dietary interventions in modulating HDL lipid composition and potentially improving cardiovascular health.