Sociocultural constructivist theory
Lev Vygotsky developed this theory, which emphasizes that knowledge exists in a social context [According to Vygotsky and Cole [Berk and Winsler [Students’ ZPD is explored through quizzes or discussions to determine what they already know about the learning topic.Various abilities of students are grouped into teams to increase their learning potential. Make sure that every member of the group participates actively.Vygotsky’s scaffolding can be counterproductive when the teacher provides students with too much assistance, making them passive rather than engaged.Students are encouraged to think aloud to determine their current abilities, thereby determine their ZPD and to ensure active learning.