Parenting stress index‐short form IV (PSI‐SF‐4)
PD, stress behaviors
Parenting stress index‐short form IV measures the stress level of parents with children with special needs. The Türkiye validity and reliability study were conducted on parents who have children with special needs. In cases of multiple pregnancies, the mother was asked to rate only the baby she felt most stressed about. The questionnaire includes three domains: parental distress (PD), parent–child dysfunctional interaction (P‐CDI), and difficult child (DC). PD subheading includes stress related to a parent's perception of their child‐growing abilities, spousal dispute or level of assistance, and feelings of restraint related to their parental role. P‐CDI refers to stress occurring in parental feelings related to interaction with their child. DC means the parent's perspective on the difficulty of the child's temperament and demands. There are 36 questions to score for each item with a 5‐point Likert scale. The total points can vary from 36 to 180, and a low point indicates fewer stress behaviors. Thirty points and above are accepted as a high‐stress level for each subdomain (Cekic & Hamamci, 