Culturing 
Faecal samples, obtained from our previously reported studies of Bangladeshi children living in MirpurA frozen aliquot (~0.1 g) of each selected faecal sample was weighed. All of the subsequent steps were performed under anaerobic conditions (atmosphere; 75% NEach Purified DNA was prepared for long-read sequencing using the SMRTbell Express Template Prep Kit 2.0 from Pacific Biosciences (Pacific Biosciences; PacBio); we followed the manufacturer’s instructions for creating HiFi Libraries from low DNA input, with adjustments made to accommodate a 96-well plate configuration