Sociodemographics and Health Characteristics by Study Site
anxiety disorder, Anxiety, anxiety, depressive disorder, ADD, attention-deficit disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, depression
DISORDER, DISORDER
Abbreviations: ADD, attention-deficit disorder; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; SUD, substance use disorder.Unless indicated otherwise, values are presented as No. (%) of participants.Study sites comprised the following, all in Massachusetts: (1) an outpatient adolescent SUD treatment program at a pediatric hospital, (2) an adolescent medicine program at a community pediatric practice affiliated with an academic institution, and (3) 28 participating pediatric primary care practices.A total of 798 participants were enrolled but 12 terminated participation early.Gender, race, and ethnicity were self-reported.This category was created because the samples were small and includes American Indian or Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.Participants were asked: “Of the parent(s)/caregiver(s) who live with you at home, what is the highest level of education he/she has completed?”Responses included (1) grade 12 or less or high-school graduate or (2) general educational development test, high-school equivalency test, some college, associate degree, or technical school training.This category includes an undergraduate (bachelor) degree or graduate or greater (master, doctorate, etc) degree.The GAD-2 uses the first 2 questions of the 7-item GAD scale. Scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater likelihood of generalized anxiety; scores of 3 or greater suggest that generalized anxiety disorder is likely.The PHQ-2 uses the first 2 questions of the 9-item PHQ. Scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater likelihood of depression; scores of 3 or greater suggest that a major depressive disorder is likely.Participants were asked: “Has a doctor or health care provider ever told you that you have ADD or ADHD? In the past 12 months, have you been prescribed medication for ADD or ADHD?”The majority of participants (662 [83.0%]) lived in a household with 2 or more caregivers and reported the highest level of caregiver education as a bachelor degree or higher as (564 [70.7%]). There were 134 participants (16.8%) and 105 participants (13.2%) with a score of 3 or greater on the GAD-2 and the PHQ-2, respectively; 149 participants (18.7%) had either been diagnosed with ADHD or ADD by a health care clinician or had received a prescription medication to treat ADHD or ADD.Sociodemographic characteristics and mental health status of participants differed substantially among the 3 sites, reflecting the differences in patient populations (