Analysis of the change in haemodynamics
SD
The overall change trends of haemodynamic data in each group throughout the perioperative period are summarized in Fig. Trends of haemodynamic parameters (mean ± SD) in each group. T0: baseline, T1: start anaesthesia induction, T2: endotracheal intubation, T21, 22, 23: 5, 10, 15 min after endotracheal intubation, T3: skin incision, T4: end of operation, T502, 501: 10, 5 min before awakening, T5: awakening, T6: endotracheal extubation, T61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 min after endotracheal extubation, T7: 30 min after operation, T8, 9, 10: 1, 2, 6 h after operation. Group MD: midazolam 0.03 mg/kg for anaesthesia induction. Group NS: normal saline at the rate of 60 ml/h for 15 min before anaesthesia induction + 0.125 ml/kg/h continuous infusion until the end of operation. Group D0.25: dexmedetomidine 0.25 μg/kg for 15 min before anaesthesia induction + 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion until the end of operation. Group D0.5: dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg for 15 min before anaesthesia induction + 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion until the end of operation. Group D0.75: dexmedetomidine 0.75 μg/kg for 15 min before anaesthesia induction + 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion until the end of operationThe overall fluctuation of haemodynamic data compared to the baseline values in each group throughout the perioperative period is summarized in Fig. Overall fluctuation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) compared to the baseline values in the 5 groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. △T1 = T0-T1, △T2 = T0-T2, △T21 = T0-T21, △T22 = T0-T22, △23 = T0-T23, △T3 = T0-T3, △T4 = T0-T4, △T502 = T0-T502, △501 = T0-T501, △T5 = T0-T5, △T6 = T0-T6, △T61 = T0-T61, △62 = T0-T62, △63 = T0-T63, △64 = T0-T64, △65 = T0-T65, △66 = T0-T66, △T7 = T0-T7, △T8 = T0-T8, △9 = T0-T9, △10 = T0-T10. T0: baseline, T1: start anaesthesia induction, T2: endotracheal intubation, T21, 22, 23: 5, 10, 15 min after endotracheal intubation, T3: skin incision, T4: end of operation, T502, 501: 10, 5 min before awakening, T5: awakening, T6: endotracheal extubation, T61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 min after endotracheal extubation, T7: 30 min after operation, T8, 9, 10: 1, 2, 6 h after operation. Group MD: midazolam 0.03 mg/kg for anaesthesia induction. Group NS: normal saline at the rate of 60 ml/h for 15 min before anaesthesia induction + 0.125 ml/kg/h continuous infusion until the end of operation. Group D0.25: dexmedetomidine 0.25 μg/kg for 15 min before anaesthesia induction + 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion until the end of operation. Group D0.5: dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg for 15 min before anaesthesia induction + 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion until the end of operation. Group D0.75: dexmedetomidine 0.75 μg/kg for 15 min before anaesthesia induction + 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion until the end of operation