Introduction
cancer, sarcopenia, CVD, sarcopenic muscle, Sarcopenia
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CVD, CANCER, DISEASE, SARCOPENIA, SARCOPENIA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, COMPLICATIONS
The production of free radicals increases from the fourth decade of life onwards, and the amount of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) decreases (Cumulative damage to skeletal muscle and nerve cells in sarcopenia may result from oxidative stress. Sarcopenia could be caused by an increase of endogenous ROS formation in skeletal muscle but the source of ROS in sarcopenic muscle is still relatively unknown. However, an age-associated increase of ROS levels in muscle mass, as a consequence of an upregulation of NADPH oxidase 2 enzyme (NOXMoreover, irrespective of the mechanism, oxidative stress causes the onset of many types of disease such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer (In the body as a whole, creatine is synthesized in the kidney and in the liver (Resistance training (RT) has the beneficial effects of preventing the complications of aging and leads to improved health through a variety of mechanisms (Long-term creatine supplementation along with moderate-intensity resistance and endurance training can probably reduce oxidative stress and increase the antioxidant defense system; however, in the short-term, creatine consumption and its effect on oxidative stress due to endurance exercise is not well known, although it seems that the short-term creatine ingestion possibly reduces oxidative stress due to intense resistance exercise. Considering the antioxidant effects of regular physical activity and creatine, it seems that the combined effect of physical activity and creatine consumption can reduce oxidative stress (Stefani et al. (Most studies on the effect of resistance training (RT) and creatine supplementation (CS) on oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium have focused on young people (