Image acquisition and processing
depression
High-resolution structural T1-weighted (T1w), resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), and diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) were acquired on a 3 T Siemens Tim Trio and Prisma MRI scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions). T1w images were collected using a three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient–echo (MPRAGE) sequence with the following parameters: sagittal slice orientation; resolution = 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm; repetition time (TR) = 2,600 ms; inversion time (TI) = 900 ms; echo time (TE) = 3.02 ms; flip angle = 8°. Resting-state fMRI was performed with patients’ eyes open for 7.4 min using two different scanners: (1) Tim Trio (All images were preprocessed using the FMRIB Software Library (FSL; A VTA was generated using the StimVison toolboxTo further explore the relationship between altered white matter microstructures/abnormal brain activity and DBS recovery trajectory, post hoc correlation analyses were conducted in the identified brain regions from the correlation analysis of transition times with imaging using all nine responders. In brief, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis (age and sex controlled) was performed between baseline white matter integrity (FA) and depression clinical features, including depression severity (HDRS-17), duration of current episode, the number of episodes in a lifetime and length of illness (duration between onset and surgery). In addition, the same analyses were performed for the resting-state functional connectivity using the bilateral SCC seeds.