Experimental design
The experimental protocol received approval by the Human Ethical Committee of the Department of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Padova (n° HEC-DSB/02–21; NCT 05230056) and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All the subjects, informed about the methods of the study, gave their written informed consent and were free to renounce the study at any stage. Specifically, they were informed that, before and after their shoulder rehabilitation protocols, they should have performed a strength and mobility assessment, and filled in some questionnaires. Subjects were randomly divided (We outlined a randomized controlled trial in which both CTRL and PG underwent ten consecutive shoulder rehabilitation sessions (from Monday to Friday, excluding Saturday and Sunday). In particular, the daily rehabilitation session lasted 40 min. Within each session, the first 20 min, the subjects were treated manually by the physiotherapist, while for the last 20 min, they performed active exercises to improve shoulder strength and mobility. Physiotherapists performed an equal manual treatment for both CTRL and PG. Conversely, active exercises supervised by researchers had the same goals but differed in the exercising modality that was non-digital for CTRL and digital for PG. The day before and after the rehabilitation period, subjects participated in an evaluation session comprising functional and self-reported measures. The shoulder rehabilitation of all the patients were administered in the same medical center (CEMES, Data Medica group, Synlab S.p.A., Padova, Italy).