Conclusion
postoperative pain, cerebral desaturation
In our prospective observational study, 44.8% of children (86/192 patients) developed NPOBC on postoperative day 3. Patients with higher PAB scores, presence of cerebral desaturation, and higher postoperative pain score were more likely to develop NPOBC on postoperative day 3. We innovatively established and validated a nomogram for predicting NPOBC. By using the nomogram, clinicians can make customized assessments of patients, identify patients at higher risk of NPOBC early on, and provide them with the care and support they need, thereby minimizing the likelihood of negative outcomes after surgery.