Study limitations
This study is based on the writing requirements of the original internship diary into a narrative writing method based on narrative medicine theory. As far as we know, most schools in China require interns to submit internship logs, which may be beneficial to our narrative medicine intervention project. But the study also has the following limitations. First, our study used voluntary participation and self-report survey methods, which may be biased. Second, our study only investigated nursing undergraduates who participated in clinical practice, so we can further study nursing students of all grades in the future. Third, all nursing students are required to complete a two-week internship diary or narrative writing based on narrative medical theory as part of their fourth-year internship assignment, which may lead to bias. Fourth, this study lacks an assessment of the long-term impact of narrative medicine programs, which may have implications for the development of a longitudinal intervention program to maintain a steady increase in student professionalism, empathy, and humanistic care ability. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the long-term outcomes of narrative medical education and narrative writing programs in future studies.