Self-reported parameters
T1–T3, diabetes distress, diabetes
DIABETES
The findings indicated an increasing trend in the scores for diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ) in both groups at T2 and T3 time points. Regarding diabetes management self-efficacy scale (DMSES), Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM)-performance, and COPM-satisfaction scores, there was an increasing trend in T2 for both groups. However, at the T3 time-point, an increasing trend was observed in the intervention group while there was a decreasing trend in the control group (P ˂ 0.05). Also, there was a decreasing trend in the diabetes distress scale (DDS) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ) scores at the T2 point for both groups. However, in the T3 time-point, a decreasing trend in the intervention group, an increasing trend in the control group, and a significant difference existed between the two groups (P ˂ 0.05) with respect to these variables (Table The results from the repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant effect of group on DMSES-general nutrition (P = 0.012). Also, there was a significant interaction between groups versus time for DSMQ-blood glucose management, COPM-performance, and COPM-satisfaction. The independent The Bonferroni post-hoc test for the intervention group resulted in a significant difference in the T1–T2 and T1–T3 for the DSMQ, DSMQ-blood glucose management, DSMQ-diet control, DDS-regimen, COPM-performance, and COPM-satisfaction. There was also a significant difference for the DSMQ-diet control in T1–T2 and DDS total score inT1–T3. In the control group, a significant difference in T1–T2 was explicit for COPM-performance, COPM-satisfaction, and DSMQ-diet control. There was also an increasing trend in the means for COPM-performance, COPM-satisfaction, and DDS-regimen in T1–T3. The results of the Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed no significant difference in DMSES and PHQ scores for both groups (data were not shown).