Presenteeism
Based on the answer to the question “During the past 7 days, how much did health problems affect your productivity while you were working?,” the proportion of impairment while working due to health was calculated. This measure multiplied by 100 was used as a measure of presenteeism. This yielded a score of 0 to 100, where 0 represents no presenteeism and 100 indicates the maximum amount of presenteeism.