Study design and patients
This phase II, open‐label, single‐arm study was conducted at Samsung Medical Center and Seoul National University. The primary endpoint was the 6‐month progression‐free survival rate (PFS6). Secondary objectives included progression‐free survival, overall survival, radiographic response rate, and safety.Eligible patients were ≥19 years of age with life expectancy of ≥3 months, Karnofsky performance status score ≥70, and adequate bone marrow and end‐organ function. We only included the recurrent GBM patients, who progressed following the initial Stupp regimen.This study (NCT03618667) was in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and guidelines on Good Clinical Practice. Ethics approval was obtained from local institutional review boards of each hospital (Samsung Medical Center, IRB number: 2017‐06‐111, Seoul National University Hospital, IRB number: H‐1805‐147‐948), and all patients provided informed consent.