2.7. Statistical Analyses
TAA
Statistical analyses were performed using R statistics (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 25.0. Armonk, NY, USA). The concentration of 19 individual free AA was quantified, and analysis was performed on the individual AA, total AA (TAA), and a total of nine essential AA (TEAA; Val, Trp, Thr, Phe, Met, Lys, Leu, Ile, and His). The time curves for postprandial AA levels in the blood of the twelve participants were fitted using the R-package ‘aaresponse’ specifically designed for analyzing AA response curves in cross-over intervention studies as previously described [Glucose and insulin data were analyzed using the same mixed-model approach as used in the analysis of the AA. Differences in gastrointestinal symptoms between the three protein sources were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (SPSS Statistics). In all cases, a 