2.1. Study Design
metabolic disorders
METABOLIC DISORDERS
Effective combined doses of GTC and CCA were investigated in two human clinical trials conducted at Kao Corporation (Tokyo, Japan) and Sumida Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). Study 1 investigated the effective dose of GTC with a fixed dose of CCA, and Study 2 investigated the effective dose of CCA with a fixed dose of GTC. Both acute ingestion studies were conducted, in which the three test beverages were each consumed immediately after ingestion of the cookie test meal, and the effects on postprandial glucose metabolism following 4 h were evaluated. A one-week washout was provided between the consumption of each of the three test beverages in a randomized crossover manner. In each study, the participants consumed test beverages containing two different dose combinations of GTC and CCA or a placebo. All of the participants in both studies were enrolled and randomly allocated a number using a computer-generated stratified randomization method to test the sequence groups. The sequence group allocation was concealed among the participants, physicians, and outcome assessors from screening to finalizing the dataset.Study 1 and Study 2 participants were recruited separately, each with another 18 participants. Study 1 was conducted from October 2017 to February 2018. Each participant orally ingested a test beverage containing a fixed dose of CCA (270 mg) combined with either a minimum dose of GTC (540 mg: reported as the minimum effective dose for metabolic disorders [