Specimen preparation
fracture
Ten pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric humeri without any gross deformities or a history of injury or operation were used in this study. All specimens were stored frozen at − 20 °C and thawed at room temperature 24 h before use. All soft tissue of the humerus were thoroughly removed before use.Quantitative computed tomography was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of each humeral head. BMD was evaluated at the greatest transverse diameter of the humeral head along three parallel sections separated by 1.5-mm distanceA schematic figure for measuring BMD of the humeral head.A two-part surgical neck fracture with a comminuted lateral wall of the greater tuberosity model was created by performing osteotomy at the following points using a microsagittal saw (Fig. A two-part surgical neck fracture with a comminuted lateral wall of the greater tuberosity fixed with a locking plate alone ((Block randomization was used to allocate the paired specimens (left and right side) into two groups: (1) locking plate alone (LP group) and (2) locking plate with fibular strut graft augmentation (LPFSG group). Each group was assigned an equal number of right and left humeri. All specimens were fixed with the same locking plate (PHILOS; Synthes, Paoli, Pennsylvania) using 12 screw holes (three distal and nine proximal) and the standard technique (Fig. The humeral shaft was cut transversely at 16.5 cm from the upper margin of the wedge resection that is perpendicular to the anatomical axis of the humeral shaft and secured in a 7-cm-long tube with unsaturated polyester resin (EC‐304, Aekyung Chemical Co.)