Introduction
cardiac pathologies, Cardiovascular disease, ESRD, non-HD, deaths
ESRD, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease accounts for most of the deaths in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD).While inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in non-HD patients with a variety of cardiac pathologies,The Safety and Cardiovascular Efficacy of Spironolactone in Dialysis-Dependent ESRD (SPin-D) study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial designed to assess safety and tolerability of three doses of spironolactone versus placebo in patients receiving maintenance HD (