Introduction
hyperglycaemia, T2D, type 2 diabetes, CHF
CHRONIC HEART FAILURE, EXCESS SODIUM, CHF, HYPERGLYCAEMIA, TYPE 2 DIABETES
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were originally developed to treat hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and became further a cornerstone of treating patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) [For years, excess of intravascular sodium (e.g. due to excessive sodium intake) has been assumed to be always accompanied by water retention, leading to increased plasma volume and higher cardiac output. However, knowledge of sodium metabolism has progressed and the 2-compartment model has been replaced by the 3-compartment model, in which excess sodium is bound non-osmotically to negative charged glycosaminoglycans present in the extracellular space, mainly in the skin, endothelial surface layer, muscle and bone [Recent developments in sodium-MRI (In the current trial, we focused on patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and mid-range (HFmrEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction in stable euvolemic condition. Our aim was to analyse the changes of tissue sodium content in these patients after 1 and 3 months of treatment with empagliflozin from baseline and compared to placebo.