2.2. Participants
MECHANICAL LOW BACK PAIN
Patients diagnosed with chronic mechanical low back pain by orthopedics and traumatology doctors in local state hospital were included in the study. The G*Power software program (version 3.0; Kiel, Germany) was used to determine the required sample size for the study. Thus, a sample consisting of 54 participants (27 per group) was needed to obtain 80% power with Cohen effect size of d = .80 (for 80% power), α = .05, and β = .20. It was predicted that some participants would not be able to fulfill the treatment protocols for various reasons, and the sample sizes of each group were increased by 30%.Before the enrollment process, the participants were informed about the study and signed informed consent forms were obtained. Thus, 76 interviewed participants who complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.