Conclusion
This study extends current research into PAHCO by investigating the changeability and temporal stability of PAHCO as well as examining the effects of PAHCO on leisure-time PA and HRQOL in a sample of German OWs. While this population might be particularly prone to impaired HRQOL, owing to work-related physical inactivity, our findings underline the changeability and temporal stability of PAHCO, which implies important characteristics for intervention development to address the health-related demands and resources of this occupational group. The potential of PAHCO for the development of interventions in OWs is additionally substantiated, as our results suggest that motivational and volitional aspects of PAHCO can promote leisure-time PA and HRQOL, while aspects focusing on knowledge regarding the adaption of physical load during PA improve HRQOL. Based on these insights, comprehensive WHPPs could incorporate PAHCO by implementing components of HEPA-related knowledge in existing programs to facilitate health promotion and additionally refine the communication strategies to contain timely motivational and volitional cues, which could facilitate behaviour change and maintenance in OWs. In summary, these findings and the potential implications should, on the one hand, encourage practitioners to incorporate PAHCO within WHPPs to increase HEPA in OWs. On the other hand, future, randomised control trials on PAHCO in OWs should expand the field of study by including objective measures on PA, which would also account for sedentariness and test our results in respect of the potential of PAHCO in WHPPs.