Conclusion
CRC
Dual inhibition of TGF-β and PD-L1 by bintrafusp alfa demonstrated modest antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with heavily pretreated, advanced CRC. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of TGF-β and PD-L1 in advanced CRC and identify potential subsets of patients who may benefit from dual inhibition of these pathways.