2.3. Biochemical Analyses
GDM
GDM
Women were screened between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation using the two-step criteria: first step, non-fasting 50 g oral glucose challenge test (GCT); then, if positive: second step, 100 g GCT administered in the fasting state. GDM diagnosis was confirmed if a participant exceeded threshold levels in both criteria. This screening protocol is widely used in US institutions and recommended by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) [