5. Conclusions
obesity, satiety, fullness
OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES, CHRONIC DISEASES
In this study, the addition of RPG dietary fiber significantly increased the specific volume, moisture content, hardness, and chewiness of the bread and significantly improved its sensory attributes. RPG dietary fiber bread had limited effects on enhancing satiety and suppressing hunger compared to white bread, which was less effective than pectin bread in appetite suppression. However, compared to pectin bread and white bread, RPG dietary fiber bread had the best postprandial blood glucose-lowering effect. Our findings support the potential role of the consumption of RPG dietary fiber as a measure to prevent obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes. RPG dietary fiber powder and capsules significantly improved the feeling of satiety and fullness and reduced post-meal hunger in subjects compared to pectin. In particular, RPG dietary fiber capsules were found to be most effective in enhancing satiety, and the significantly higher serum GLP-1 level might be the underlying mechanism. In addition, compared to RPG dietary fiber capsules, RPG dietary fiber powder more directly controlled postprandial blood glucose and maintained serum insulin levels.However, some limitations of this study should be considered while interpreting the results. The number of subjects in this study was limited because of the requirement for obtaining blood samples. Moreover, the study population exclusively comprised healthy adults, and our findings may not be entirely generalizable to patient populations. Considering these limitations, larger studies enrolling patients in addition to healthy subjects are required to verify the specific mechanism of the effect of RPG dietary fiber in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and further optimize the development of PRG dietary fiber products with better satiety and blood glucose control.