Discussion
T2D, TG, weight reduction
INSULIN RESISTANCE
We found a significant decrease in BMI following 12 weeks intervention in all three groups. Though consumption of canola oil may bring about a slight weight reduction [The effect of ORZ-fortified canola oil consumption on blood pressure is noteworthy. Some evidence indicates the reducing effect of canola oil on blood pressure through reduction of visceral fat [Twelve weeks consumption of ORZ-fortified canola oil resulted in a significant decrease in both FBG and HbA1c in adult subjects with T2D. However, insulin resistance, as judged by HOMA-IR, did not change significantly. Though similar changes were observed in unfortified canola oil group, they were not statistically significant. Studies on the effect of canola oil on glycemic indicators are scarce. A clinical trial on the effects of eight weeks consumption of 30 g/d canola or olive oil, as compared with sunflower oil, failed to show any significant improvement in FBG and serum insulin concentrations in adult subjects with T2D [Serum TG concentrations in all three groups decreased but only in group 1 (canola oil + ORZ) was this decrement statistically significant. Other components of serum lipid profile did not change significantly in either group. Contrary to our finding, improvement of serum lipid profile was observed in a large multi-center clinical trial [To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial of the effectiveness of daily consumption of ORZ-fortified canola oil, as compared with unfortified canola and sunflower oils, on anthropometric, glycemic and lipidemic biomarkers of the adult subjects with T2D. It is noteworthy that in this study, unlike similar works, there was no predetermined amount of the oils to be consumed. Nevertheless, some limitations are acknowledged. Our dietary intake assessment using 24 h dietary recall for two days failed to show any changes despite significant reduction of BMI in the three studied groups. It has been recommended to repeat 24 h recall for 4 to eight days to show the variations [In conclusion, replacing common cooking oils, including animal oils, with either sunflower or canola oils for 12 weeks improved certain studied biomarkers notably BMI, WC and serum TG concentrations. However, only ORZ-fortified canola oil resulted in a significant decrease of blood pressure and glycemic biomarkers, notably FBG and HbA1c. These findings can help both clinicians and public health authorities for dietary recommendations to subjects with T2D and presumably the whole community.