Data Collection
Diabetic Retinopathy
CYCLOPLEGIA, CYCLOPLEGIA, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Clinical examinations were performed at baseline and at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up visits. Baseline demographic characteristics were collected via questionnaire; the information was obtained from school teachers with permission from the participants and their guardians.Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed at 4 m by trained optometrists using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) logMAR chart (Guangzhou Xieyi Weishikang). Axial length (AL) was measured before cycloplegia using the IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec) and averaged until the maximum error did not exceed 0.05 mm. Cycloplegia was induced half-yearly using 2 drops of 1% cyclopentolate (Alcon) 5 minutes apart. One additional drop was administered 5 minutes later if cycloplegia was insufficient. After an additional 30 minutes, full cycloplegia was present if the pupil diameter reached at least 6 mm and the pupillary reaction to light was absent. Refraction data were measured using an autorefractor (KR8800; Topcon) 3 times after cycloplegia and averaged until the desired precision (0.25 D) was achieved. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans and fundus images were obtained from swept-source OCT (DRI OCT Triton; Topcon) under radiographic scanning (radial 9 mm). Choroidal thickness was obtained automatically from the built-in segmentation software.