Anthropometric and metabolic measurements
MetS, fat-free mass
BLOOD, CREST
HEC was performed as previously described by Sjöros et al. (Venous blood samples were drawn after at least 10 h of fasting and analyzed at the Turku University Hospital Laboratory. Plasma insulin was determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Cobas 8000 e801; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Plasma glucose was determined by enzymatic reference method with hexokinase GLUC3 and plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol by enzymatic colorimetric tests (Cobas 8000 c702; Roche Diagnostics GmbH). HbABody mass, body fat, and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by air displacement plethysmography (Cosmed USA, Concord, CA) after at least 4 h of fasting. Body height was measured with a wall-mounted stadiometer. Waist circumference in 0.1 cm was measured with a flexible measuring tape midline between the iliac crest and the lowest rib, repeated twice or until the same measure was obtained twice. One researcher did all the waist circumference measurements. Blood pressure was measured with a digital blood pressure monitor (Apteq AE701f; Rossmax International Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan) in a seated position after at least 5 min of sitting. The mean of two to three measurements was used as the outcome measure. MetS score was calculated as the sum of 