Nomograms validation
tumor
TUMOR
The accuracy and applicability of the nomogram were assessed using both the training and testing groups for internal and external validation. The C-index was first used for estimation, resulting in values of 0.790 (95% CI 0.768–0.812) and 0.781 (95% CI 0.750–0.812) for the training and testing groups, respectively. In contrast, the C-index values for the conventional tumor stage were 0.718 (95% CI 0.698–0.738) and 0.724 (95% CI 0.695–0.754) in the training and testing groups, respectively. In the ROC curve analysis, the AUC values for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 0.764 (95% CI 0.724–0.804), 0.812 (95% CI 0.784–0.840), and 0.829 (95% CI 0.803–0.855) in the training group, and 0.730 (95% CI 0.670—0.791), 0.783 (95% CI 0.743–0.823), and 0.810 (95% CI 0.773–0.848) in the testing group, respectively (Fig. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the nomogram and combined summary stage. Calibration plots of the nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA) of the nomogram. 