Measures
cognitive impairment, cognition impairment, Dementia
The survey collected information on sociodemographic characteristics (including age, gender, ethnicity, education level, marital status, and so on), health literacy, and cognition impairment.Health literacy was measured by the CRHLS for the 2018 edition, which consisted of 50 items to assesses health knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and skills that are necessary to address real-world health problems and three dimensions: (1) knowledge and attitudes: basic knowledge and concepts related to health (22 items); (2) behavior and lifestyle: health-related behaviors and lifestyle (16 items); and (3) health-related skills: basic health-related skills (12 items). There are four types of questions in the scale: true-or-false; single-answer (only one correct answer in multiple-choice questions); multiple-answer (more than one correct answer in multiple-choice questions); and situational questions. With multiple-answer questions, a correct response had to contain all the correct answers and no wrong ones. Situational questions were given following a paragraph of instruction or medical information. Of these items, according to the scoring rules of this scale 2018 edition, total 50 items were included in the scores of health literacy with correct response allocated 1 point (except for the multiple-answer items in which correct response was allocated 2 points). The total score ranged from 0 to 66 points. Cronbach’s α coefficient and the McDonald’s omega of the Chinese Resident Health Literacy Scale were both 0.90 in our study.Older adults might experience subtle cognitive changes associated with aging. The Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8) questionnaire was used for screening cognitive impairment in this study (