Cognitive assessment
All people who assessed patients’ cognitive function were professionally trained. The baseline and follow-up cognitive scales were assessed by the same professional physician. As cognitive function assessment methods, ADAS-Cog, ADL, and MoCA-B were used. ADAS-Cog scale included 9 functional sub-tests (orientation, comprehension, memory, and execution of orders) and 2 memory sub-tests (words recall and recognition). ADL scale included 20 items, such as eating, dressing, bathing, cooking, going to and from the toilet, walking around the room, urine and defecation control, washing, moving around the neighborhood, taking medicine, cooking by yourself, doing housework, shopping, managing money, and using mobile phones. MoCA scale, the Chinese version of the Basic Scale (MOCA-B), covered executive function, fluency, orientation, memory, abstraction, delayed recall, visual perception, naming, and attention.