DISCUSSION
osteogenesis
COLLAPSE
The present study histologically evaluated the area and percent of newly formed bone in maxillary sinus lift surgery using the lateral window approach and CGF compared to xenograft as graft material. After 6 months of follow-up and using different staining techniques, this study revealed a significant difference in the mean of osteogenesis at the time of using grafting material than before the surgery. Furthermore, in both histological staining techniques, i.e., alizarin red and hematoxylin-eosin, the percentage of newly formed bone in CGF was significantly higher than in the control.Similarly, the results of both hematoxylin-eosin and alizarin red staining techniques after 6 months revealed that the amount of remaining grafting materials in the control (xenograft) group was significantly higher than in the CGF group. A low value of remaining material in each group indicates the higher speed of graft material absorption. The type of grafting materials and their absorbability affect the percentage of the remaining material.Shetty In the present study, implants were placed 6 months after the sinus surgery, and sampling for further histological examinations was simultaneously done. A considerable percentage of osteogenesis in both xenograft and CGF groups indicates the usefulness of grafting materials and the formation of new bone for implant placement. The results also indicate the significant effectiveness of CGF on healing outcomes and on increasing bone quality which can be likely attributed to the various growth factors in the dense and rich structure of the CGF fibrin network.Sohn In an electronic microscopic investigation, CGF showed a thicker and denser fibrin network in a unit than PRF. Basically, CGF is an upgraded version of PRF with a reinforced fibrin matrix and more growth factors [Adalı Tekin In their study, Thor Regardless of the research mentioned above, a solution should be found after the sinus membrane elevation to keep it up and prevent the membrane collapse, which can be the bone graft materials (e.g., allograft or xenograft particles) or the same technique as in this study, i.e., acellular dermal matrix and collagen sponge.In this study, there was no significant difference in the amount of formed connective tissue assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and alizarin red staining in both CGF and xenograft groups. In the study by Chitsazi In the study by Chitsazi In a histologic study, Galindo-Moreno Finally, considering our study and the research presented above, PRP, PRF, and CGF effectively promote new bone formation and achieve improved therapeutic outcomes. However, it should be noted that using these platelet-based compounds entails auxiliary equipment, which incurs additional costs. It is hoped that with advancements in technology, the cost of equipment and the duration of use in clinical practice will be reduced in the future. In light of the significance of this topic, it is recommended that future studies be conducted with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods for more comprehensive and thorough evaluations. For subsequent studies, it is suggested to examine the effect of CGF in combination with allograft or xenograft for the long term as well as the effect of CGF application on the success and stability of placed implants.