Pretesting
Bodyweight and body composition were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Discovery A; Hologic, Bedford, MA, USA). Participant’s maximal workload capacity and peak oxygen consumption were determined while performing a stepwise exercise test to exhaustion on an electronically braked cycle ergometer (Lode Excalibur, Groningen, The Netherlands), using an online gas-collection system (Omnical, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands). After a 5-min warm up at 100 W, workload was set at 150 W and increased 50 W every 2.5 min until exhaustion. Peak oxygen consumption was defined as the median of the highest consecutive values over 30 s. Maximal workload capacity was calculated as the workload in the last completed stage and workload relative to the time spent in the last incomplete stage: (time in seconds)/150 × 50 (W). The pretesting and experimental trials were separated by at least 7 days.