Massage
Rubbing in small areas
The massage was performed in the first intervention group using this protocol:The masseur washed his hands thoroughly and dried them with a towel. He applied massage on the patient’s dominant hand using kneading-friction-petrissage techniques. The wrist was held in one hand, and with the other hand, the massage started with direct pressure from the base of each finger and circularly continued to the tip. The palm was kneaded with C-like movements and firm pressure in alternating directions, then the back of the hand was stretched with forward movements from the wrist to the base of each finger. Around the wrist bones, the massage continued with circular movements of the thumbs clockwise and then counterclockwise. While the patient’s arm was lying flat on the bed, the therapist’s palm was used for upward movements from the wrist to below the elbow and downward movements from the elbow to the wrist. Finally, the massage ended with gentle twisting movements of the forearm (Fig. 
This figure shows the areas of interventions. (Petrissage Massage: Apply direct pressure slowly and rhythmically with the fingertips.Friction Massage: Rubbing in small areas in a circle where the masseur presses the area with the front of the fingertips or the front of the palm.Kneading Massage: It is similar to twisting and changes the compression direction in succession [