2.4.1. General Neck Exercise Program
shoulder flexion, abduction, shoulder shrug exercise while they were standing.
BENDING
General neck exercises (GNE) included neck active range of motion (ROM) in all directions consisting of flexion, extension, right and left rotation, and right and left side bending. Shoulder active ROM included shoulder flexion and abduction up to 90° and external rotation/internal rotation while the elbow was 90° flexed and the arms were beside the body. All participants were advised to complete their active ROM exercises in the sitting position without holding at the end range. They also performed a shoulder shrug exercise while they were standing. In addition, participants were asked to sit on a chair and put their hands behind their legs, and then lift their bodies with their hands. All exercise/movement directions were repeated five times during the first session and gradually increased to 20 repetitions through the eight-week program [