Step 4: implementation
During this phase, the sample size was determined according to previous studies [After the random assignment of students to the intervention and control groups, the project manager held separate meetings with the students from each group. During these meetings, the project manager explained the objectives and procedures of the study and obtained written consent from the students to participate in the study. Following the consent process, pre-test data were collected from both the intervention and control groups. This data collection involved the administration of a demographic and professional information questionnaire, the Cultural Capacity Scale, and the Foronda Cultural Humility Scale, which were provided in paper form. Before commencing their activities at the centers, the students from both the control and intervention groups were divided into smaller groups of four individuals each. Based on the predetermined schedule, a total of 8 students (4 from each group) attended the comprehensive health centers every month to undertake “community, family, and individual nursing internships”. The duration of each group's internship period was one month. To ensure fairness, one center was designated as the intervention group and the other as the control group each month, with the centers being switched the following month. The entire process of the intervention, spanning from September 23, 2022, to July 22, 2023, covered a period of ten months.To execute the training program, the first researcher visited the comprehensive health centers at the onset of each month in line with the students’ internship program. The researcher presented the students with an overview of the educational objectives and the mobile application for the cultural care training program. She provided instructions to the students in intervention group on how to register and install the cultural care training application on their mobile phones. Additionally, the researcher explained how to utilize the program at scheduled times and complete evaluations. The students’ contact numbers were also collected for follow-up purposes. To ensure their active participation, the first author sent reminder messages to the participants’ mobile phones every three days, prompting them to engage with the application’s content. In order to avoid the spread of treatment effects between the intervention and control groups, the members of the intervention group were advised not to share educational content with the control group until the study was completed.At the end of the study, a total of 39 participants from the intervention group and 37 participants from the control group completed the questionnaires. One individual from the intervention group was excluded from the study due to failure to install the mobile application, while 3 individuals from the control group were excluded for not completing the post-test questionnaires (Fig. Flow diagram of the study, representing data collection points for the intervention group and the comparison group