Usual postoperative care

Patients in both groups received the usual postoperative care. All nursing staff received uniform training before the initiation of the experiment and conducted nursing interventions on patients according to a standard procedure.
The main contents of the nursing interventions were as follows: (1) multimodal analgesia (oral medication or intravenous self-controlled analgesic pump as required); (2) postural care: good posture placement and regular turn-over to prevention; (3) monitoring of postoperative vital signs and providing anti-infection treatment; (4) lifestyle management: recording the time of second stool excretion, diet plan, routine guidance, and education on sleep and psychology.