Study design and participants
weight loss, diabetes
DIABETES
A randomized controlled trial was implemented between November 2020 and March 2021 in the Na-Yao community, Tha Kradan Subdistrict, Sanam Chai Khet District, Chachoengsao Province (central Thailand, a remote rural area 180 km from Bangkok). Participants were recruited through an announcement at the Baan Na-Yao Health Promoting Hospital, a primary care unit located in the community. Adults between the ages of 18 and 60, a BMI of more than 27.5 kg/m(i) being diagnosed with medical conditions that might affect weight,(ii) taking or expecting to receive medication that might affect weight,(iii) receiving diabetes treatment with either oral drugs or insulin injections,(iv) pregnant women,(v) having significant weight loss in the last six months,(vi) bedridden patients,(vii) history of substance use in the last six months,(viii) being diagnosed with coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease,(ix) history of antiobesity drug use,(x) participating in other clinical controlled trials.A physician evaluated these criteria in baseline data collection or from the data in patients’ medical records. A total of 107 individuals were considered eligible. The information of the study was explained to the participants. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the current study.The estimated effect size of 1.4 kg, standard deviation (SD) of 2.0 kg, and the allocation ratio 1:2 was used to calculate the sample size with a power of 80% and a two-sided significance level of 95% [