Study subjects
choanal atresia, adenoidal hypertrophy, acute febrile illness, upper respiratory tract infection
ACUTE ADENOIDITIS, ADENOIDAL HYPERTROPHY, SYSTEMIC DISEASE, UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
The study involved children aged 2–18 years with CA defined as adenoidal hypertrophy detected by means of nasopharyngeal flexible video-endoscopy and recurrent infectious exacerbations (i.e., ≥ 3 episodes of acute adenoiditis requiring antibiotic treatment in the former 6 months or ≥ 4 episodes in the former 12 months) in the presence of persistent mucous secretion at the adenoidal surface [The exclusion criteria were the following: previous ear surgery or adenoidectomy; previous tonsillar surgery; concomitant systemic diseases; craniofacial, neuromuscular, immunological, syndromic, or defined genetic abnormalities; choanal atresia; chronic eardrum perforation; immunomodulatory treatment, vitamin D supplementation or complementary and alternative medicine assumption in the previous 30 days; acute febrile illness; upper respiratory tract infection or antibiotic therapy in the previous 14 days.