2.5. Measurements
mobility disability
DISEASES
The participants were followed up for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was the difference in changes in the five-time-sit-to-stand test between the intervention and the control groups. The five-time-sit-to-stand test was measured during baseline and end visits at 12 weeks. The test is an indicator of muscular endurance and agility and is a good predictor of mobility disability and falls in home-dwelling older people [Cognition was measured using Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, which test attention and psychomotor speed [Energy and protein intakes were measured using a 3-day food diary before the baseline visit to verify whether potential participants met the inclusion criteria on protein intake (protein intake < 1.2 g/kg body weight (BW)/d). In addition, 3-day food diaries were collected at the end of the trial to see whether the use of snack products increased the protein intake and energy intake of the participants. The participants received the 3-day food diaries by mail with written instructions on how to fill them in. They were also instructed via phone by the study personnel. The participants returned the food diaries by mail, and the study personnel contacted them by phone if any clarification was needed. The food diaries were analyzed using Fineli, which contains a database of Finnish foods [In addition, a background questionnaire included questions on lifestyle habits, general health, diseases, and the use of medications and dietary supplements. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured during the baseline visit, and weight and waist circumference were also measured during the end visit. Measurements of weight and height were used to calculate body mass index (BMI kg/m