5. Conclusions
T2DM
Although vitamin D supplementation failed to provide an additive effect beyond exercise on glucose homeostasis, we observed a regulatory effect of exercise combined with vitamin D intervention on the plasma lipidome. Such effects lasted until the 12-week follow-up in the EX + VD group, but this was not the case for the EX and VD groups. Moreover, the consideration of several lipid species at baseline could largely improve the prediction of changes in glycemic control rather than traditional clinical indices. Collectively, our data provide practical evidence that can be applied to exercise- and nutrient-specific conditioning programs for T2DM prevention and control. 