Participants
diarrhea, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
The main inclusion criteria were as follows: patients aged ≥ 20 years; undergoing hemodialysis three times weekly for at least 12 weeks before screening; taking the same dosage of phosphate binders for 4 weeks before screening; having serum phosphorus level of ≥ 3.5 mg/dl and ≤ 7.0 mg/dl at screening; receiving vitamin D therapy, calcimimetics, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, selective estrogen receptor modulators, or teriparatide, if any, at an unchanged dosage for 4 weeks before screening; and having Kt/V urea of ≥ 1.2 in the most recent routine medical examination before screening.The main exclusion criteria were as follows: intact parathyroid hormone > 600 pg/ml at screening; a history of inflammatory bowel disease or diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome; or the presence of diarrhea or loose stools, defined as Bristol Stool Form Scale score ≥ 6 and three or more defecations per day for ≥ 2 days, between screening and enrollment.