1. Introduction
VLBW, Neurodevelopmental, cognitive and motor function, CF and neurodevelopmental outcomes
SECONDARY
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are vital for brain development, yet limited knowledge exists regarding PUFA intake during complementary feeding (CF) and its impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. This secondary analysis of a randomized intervention trial, aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of total PUFAs, arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during CF and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 and 24 months of corrected age (CA). Dietary intakes were assessed using monthly 3 day dietary protocols from 3 to 12 months CA. Neurodevelopmental outcome was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III. Among the 177 randomized patients, PUFA intake and neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated in 140 (79%) infants. Higher total PUFA and DHA intakes significantly correlated with improved cognitive and motor function at 12 months CA, while increased AA intake notably enhanced motor scores at 12 months CA. However, median dietary intakes of AA and DHA (AA: 53.50–84.25 mg/d; DHA: 51.47–76.23 mg/d) fell short of recommended levels (AA: 140 mg/d; DHA: 100 mg/d) at any of the investigated timepoints. These findings emphasize the need to enhance total PUFA, DHA and AA intakes during CF, ensuring adherence to guidelines and unlocking the potential to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants.Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically the Therefore, this secondary analysis of the PIES (Preterm Infants on Early Solid Foods) study aims to investigate the association between PUFA intake during the CF period and neurodevelopmental outcome at 12 and 24 months of corrected age (CA) in VLBW infants. Additionally, this study provides data on current PUFA intakes during the first year CA and whether the recommended dietary guidelines are being met.