Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 infections
VIRUS, SARS-COV-2 INFECTION, SARS-COV-2 BREAKTHROUGH INFECTION
The enduring waves of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections create a global impediment that requires additional measures beyond vaccination to mitigate this perpetual situation. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus with the characteristic of multiple spike glycoproteins on its envelopeNasal Antibody Spray (NAS) is an HPMC-based nasal spray solution containing human IgG1 antibodies. It has been approved by the Thai FDA as an innovative medical device platform (Class 4) to support mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infections via a dual mechanism of action through antibody-mediated specific inhibition coupled with a steric barrier (Fig. Mechanism of action of NAS. NAS provides the dual-action physical barrier on nasal mucosa by (1) forming of steric barrier at the cell surface by HPMC and (2) inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 viral particles via an anti-SARS-CoV-2 human IgG1 antibody cocktail. This figure was created with BioRender.com.