Participants
itching, skin reddening, psychiatric, tingling skin sensation, headache, neurological disorders
ADVERSE EFFECTS, NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
A sample of 75 healthy volunteers (37 females; mean age 22.36 ± 2.42 SD) with normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and without any recorded history of psychiatric or neurological disorders were recruited for this single-blind, sham-controlled, between-subjects study. All participants were naïve to the research hypotheses and the experimental conditions. Participants were assigned to one of three groups receiving different stimulation protocols (see the section below). Prior to the testing session, they received a verbal and written explanation of the procedure and the potential adverse effects of brain stimulation (e.g., itching and tingling skin sensation, skin reddening, headache). Participants gave their written informed consent to participate. The study was conducted according to the ethical standards of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol received approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ (protocol number: ET-19-01).