Outcome measures
nausea or vomiting, nausea, POV, vomiting, postoperative vomiting, vomiting, II, vomiting episodes, PONV, retching, nausea, vomiting
SECONDARY
The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV within 48 h after LBS. The secondary endpoints included the severity of PONV, time to first flatus, need for rescue antiemetic therapy, and water intake within 48 h after LBS. PONV was defined as at least one episode of nausea, vomiting, or retching. PONV was evaluated as follows: I = no nausea or vomiting, II = nausea but no vomiting, III = mild to moderate vomiting, and IV = severe and frequent vomiting more than five times within 24 h. The severity of postoperative nausea (PON) was assessed using a numeric rating scale (I = mild, II = moderate, III = severe). The severity of postoperative vomiting (POV) was recorded according to the number of vomiting episodes (I = no vomiting, II = vomiting episodes occurring 1–2 times within 24 h, III = vomiting episodes occurring 3–5 times within 24 h, IV = vomiting episodes occurring more than 5 times within 24 h). The volume of postoperative water intake was measured during the two periods (0–24 h and 24–48 h). The time to first flatus was defined as the time to the first passage of flatus minus the end time of LBS according to the patient’s self-report.