Participants
Cushing’s or Addison, eating disorder
DISEASE
In this study, non-athletes were defined as individuals who did not currently
engage in any form of sport at any level of competition (e.g., recreational or
intramural sports). Varsity athletes were defined as members of a university
competitive club or varsity team (competing at the provincial or national
level). Athletes were not eligible to participate if they competed in aesthetic
(i.e., the outcome of the competition is directly related to the competitors’
physical appearance or body positioning/posture, such as cheerleading, figure
skating, and gymnastics) or weight-dependent sports (i.e., those in which
athletes compete within weight classes or categories, such as powerlifting,
rowing, boxing, and wrestling) due to body image differences that may occur in
athletes from these types of sports (Participants were not eligible to participate in the current study if they
smoked, had a history/diagnosis of a clinical eating disorder, or if they had
been diagnosed with a disease affecting cortisol, such as Cushing’s or Addison’s
disease (An a priori power analysis was performed to determine the required sample size
needed for the proposed analyses. Based on medium to large effect sizes reported
in previous studies utilizing similar procedures (A total of 112 men between the ages of 18 and 28 who were either non-athletes
(