2.4. Dietary Control and Assessment
Participants were provided identical controlled diets during each intervention period, except for the assigned test beverage. Daily energy requirements were calculated using the Harris–Benedict equation [Participants were instructed to record any deviations from the prescribed diet in a provided food journal. All empty food containers and/or uneaten prescribed foods were returned to the study center to calculate actual food consumption. Prescribed and non-prescribed foods were entered into Nutrition Data System for Research dietary analysis software (NDSR 2022, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA) to determine energy and nutrient intakes and the proportion of energy intake from non-prescribed foods. NDSR was also used to determine participants’ Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) [