4.3.4. Empowerment
Empowerment among participants improved in all domains of the Psychological Empowerment Instrument–Meaning, Competence, Self-Determination, and Impact. The sustainability of the increased scores was stronger in the Meaning and Competence subdomains compared to the Self-Determination and Impact subdomains. Meaning and competence are likely to be considered from a personal rather than environmental perspective [The study findings are consistent with literature suggesting that nurse managers’ structural, psychological, and work empowerment tend to be high or moderately high [Because psychological empowerment has beneficial effects, organizations can employ different strategies to enhance it [