Conclusions
LBP, pain
RECRUITMENT
Despite a somewhat low recruitment rate, the expected number of patients was enrolled during the short recruitment period, making recruitment sufficient. A multicentre RCT with a longer recruitment time and possibly somewhat shorter intervention than in this feasibility study are proposed, with efforts to increase the recruitment and retention rate. After this Zhineng Qigong intervention patients with chronic LBP and/or leg pain, also patients with considerable remaining LBP/sciatica after lumbar spine surgery, had significantly improved in self-reported pain, function, and HRQoL. The health results for the PO patients support involvement of postoperative patients in a future study. The results are promising, and this intervention needs to be further evaluated to provide the most reliable evidence through larger sample size, control group, adequate blinding, and long-term follow-up.