Outcome measurement
BLIND
The Accuracy of implant placement was evaluated by three parameters:linear distance deviations (mm) between the planned and actual implants at the coronal point (distance between points 1 and 3);linear distance deviations (mm) between the planned and actual implants at the apical point (distance between points 2 and 4);and angular deviation (°) between implant axes.All the measurements were conducted by the same evaluating investigator who did not participate in the previous process and was blind to the group allocation, surgical procedures, and model scanning during the entire analytical stage of the study.The complete workflow of the study was depicted in Fig. Complete workflow of the study