Nomogram development and construction
SPSS 25.0 and R 4.0.5 were used to conduct data analysis and caret R package was used to divide the training cohort and validation cohort. Pearson correlation coefficient was tested to ensure that there was no potential collinearity and interaction between each variable. The cut‐off level of NLR, PLR, AGR, CAR, PNI, LCR, and LMR was calculated by the survival and survminer R package. The above continuous variables were transformed into binary variables according to the cut‐off value. Chi‐square test was used to compare the clinicopathological parameters among the training cohort and the validation cohort. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to conduct univariate and multivariate survival analyses of OS and PFS. Factors with a 