Blood and urine collection
intestinal fatty acid
BLOOD
Blood samples were obtained from a branch of the basilica vein at the antecubital fossa using the venipuncture technique. At all 3 time points (pre, 10 min post, 2-h post), blood was drawn into a 10 ml vacutainer for serum and a 10 ml vacutainer lined with EDTA. Samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min to separate the supernatant, which was subsequently stored in aliquots at −80° and then used for analysis of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations and cytokine analysis (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)). On the exercise trials, whole blood was taken to assess haemoglobin and haematocrit; this data was used to adjust blood markers for plasma volume changes using the equations from Dill and Costill [