Background
Owing to demographic changes, the demand for professional and institutional care, as well as 24-h home care is increasing worldwide. In several European countries, migrant care work in private households has become an important, but often illegal, source of long-term care provision. The 24-h home care reform in Austria in 2007 was a comprehensive attempt to regularize previously illegal arrangements [The offered 24-h care ranges from assistance in household activities to round-the-clock care. The system is financially supported by a mix of private and public funding. The prerequisite for receiving public funds (up to 1280€ per month) is that care allowance is received for at least care level three and that an income limit is not exceeded. Regarding qualifications, the prerequisite for obtaining funding is theoretical training equivalent to that of a home care assistant or ≤ 6 months of proper care of the person in need. However, as known from previous studies [Notably, < 2% of the 24h-caregivers are from Austria [The randomized controlled trial of the We conducted the research project 