Intervention
STAGGERED
Patients were administered either both propranolol and clonidine (treatment arm), or placebo. All patients and study personnel, except for the pharmacist and biostatistician, were blinded to treatment assignment. Treatment (or placebo) delivery started within 48 h of injury but after plasma and 24-h urine catecholamine measurements were obtained. Both drugs (or double placebos) were administered at staggered times for 7 days with drug holds for hemodynamic parameters [Clinicians were allowed to use 