Introduction
ADVERSE EFFECTS
The world is currently witnessing a continuous increase in global migration. Globalization, epidemiological conditions, social conflicts, and natural disasters frequently contribute to increased migration patterns. Working within a culturally diverse environment imposes a moral and professional obligation on nursing students, nurses, their organizations, educational institutions, professional associations, and the healthcare system to deliver culturally competent or culturally sensitive care [The purpose and mission of cultural care are centered around investigating, understanding, and explaining the reciprocal relationship between nursing care and culture [Cultural competence should be incorporated into the nursing curriculum. The absence of cultural care training in nursing education can have adverse effects. For instance, nurses may resort to personal experiences to address the cultural needs of patients, potentially compromising their cultural safety. Furthermore, the absence of cultural competence can result in prejudice, discrimination, and miscommunication among culturally diverse individuals [Nursing education has long recognized that cultural competence should be a key outcome of baccalaureate programs. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has offered a comprehensive framework of learning expectations and strategies to guide nursing educators in preparing culturally competent nursing students [The literature review reveals that nursing students in various countries exhibit a low to moderate level of cultural competence, and cultural competence has been overlooked in nursing education [In addition to cultural competence and capacity, cultural humility is crucial for nurses and nursing students to provide comprehensive and individualized cultural care. Cultural humility involves recognizing diversity and power imbalances, being open, self-aware, flexible, and respectful, and focusing on both oneself and others to develop tailored responses. It is a process of self-reflection and lifelong learning that leads to positive outcomes [The literature review indicates that there have been limited studies conducted in various countries [A systematic review highlighted the significant progress made in nursing education through the integration of wireless internet and mobile technologies [Given the process of globalization and the increasing cultural diversity among healthcare users, new demands and challenges are emerging for healthcare professionals in various countries, particularly for nursing students who will be working in dynamic and globally connected work environments in the future. Understanding and developing cultural competence, capacity, and humility are crucial factors in effectively addressing the diverse needs of patients and fostering trusting relationships between clients and health professionals [