Introduction
bleeding, TKAs, pain, knee arthroplasty, TKA
OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE, BLEEDING
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become a routine procedure to reduce pain and improve the quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, and the number of TKAs performed is increasing annually worldwide [Reducing perioperative bleeding and transfusion rates in patients undergoing TKA is a key measure to accelerate postoperative recovery, shorten hospital stays and reduce health care costs. The application of intraoperative tourniquets and tranexamic acid (TXA) [TXA, one of the commonly used antifibrinolytic drugs in clinical practice, is a lysine synthetic derivative that reversibly blocks the lysine binding site on fibrinolytic enzymes and fibrinogen, resulting in the inability of fibrinogen to bind to fibrin molecules, thus achieving antifibrinolytic effects [Some scholars currently apply the first dose of intravenous TXA 5 to 30 min prior to skin incision, but a tourniquet in TKA blocks blood circulation to the lower extremity while also affecting blood levels in the operative area [