Sampling and sample size
schizophrenia
BLIND
Based on the study conducted by Sharif et al. [The participants were randomly allocated in blocks of 9 into intervention 1, intervention 2, control 1, and control 2 groups using a computerized random number generator (Winpepi software), ensuring a 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio. Each block, therefore, allocated 18 individuals to each of the four groups (two intervention groups and two control groups). The Solomon four-group design was used to eliminate the effect of the pretest on sensitizing the participants and prevent problems in the external validity of the research. This method is one of the strongest experimental designs, which neutralizes the negative effects of the pre-test [A trained nurse with a Master of Science degree who was blind to the study groups was responsible for completing the questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. At first, the nurse explained the information regarding the study process and intervention program to caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and ensured that caregivers received sufficient information and understood the nature of the study to enable them to feel less doubtful about accepting the intervention program. They gave consent voluntarily. Participants were comfortable and able to accept or reject the information presented. They were assured that they could withdraw from the study anytime without interfering with standard care. Then the participants’ informed consent forms were obtained, and their basic information, including demographic and pre-assessment data, was collected by data collection instruments. Based on the study design, the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) and the Caregiver Well-Being Scale (CWBS) were completed by the intervention group 1 and control group 1 but not by those in the intervention group 2 and control group 2. The information related to the post-assessment was collected from all the study groups one month after the intervention by SOC and CWBS. Post-assessment data gathered by the same researcher is based on the standard guidelines for maintaining reliability.