Preoperative management
hip fracture, pain
SECONDARY
The preoperative management was not strictly controlled in this study. However, according to our center's preoperative management protocol for surgical patients, all patients fasted from midnight on the day of surgery. Meanwhile, a maintenance volume of fluid was administered. In patients with hip fracture, pain management was provided during the preoperative period. The patients were instructed to remain at bed rest for stabilization, and if their pain score using numerical rating scale was > 4 points, tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg was administered as a first-line treatment, followed by hydromorphone hydrochloride 1 mg as a secondary treatment. Premedication was not administered to any of the patients preoperatively.