Patients and methods
chordee, hypospadias
PENIS, COAGULATION DISORDERS
This prospective randomized comparative study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospitals from April 2022 to October 2022 to compare urethral advancement &glanuloplasty and TIP urethroplasty techniques for distal hypospadias repair. Preoperative inclusion criteria included primary cases and absence of severe chordee using eyeball assessment of curvature; intraoperative criteria included the absence of chordee after artificial erection test, while exclusion criteria were recurrent cases, cases with severe chordee, a proximal variant of hypospadias and cases with coagulation disorders. Any case with severe chordee (30 degrees of curvature or more) using eyeball assessment of curvature before the operation or after degloving of the penis and doing an artificial erection test that required any other surgical intervention for correction of chordee was excluded from the study. Only cases with mild chordee resolved entirely by degloving of the penis were included in the study. Fifty-seven cases with different types of hypospadias were assessed for eligibility. Among them, seven cases were excluded due to the presence of chordee (n = 3), proximal variant (n = 2), and recurrent cases of hypospadias (n = 2). Fifty cases were randomly divided into two groups using a 1:1 ratio (computer-generated randomization, single-blind). Twenty-five cases were subjected to urethral advancement and glanuloplasty; the rest were subjected to TIP urethroplasty (Fig. 
CONSORT flowchart of the study