Evidence before this study
infection, dengue virus
INFECTION, DISEASE, MAY, DENGUE
It is estimated that almost half of the world’s population is at risk of contracting infection with dengue virus (DENV), and approximately 100 million people develop a symptomatic infection each year. Having a safe and effective vaccine against the four DENV serotypes is a global health priority. Antibody-inducing DENV vaccines carry the risk of inducing antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease, therefore other vaccine types than the existing ones are needed. Data in murine models and humans indicate that cellular immunity is essential for heterotypic DENV immunity, and potentially decreases the risk of ADE, highlighting the potential value of a CD8+ T cell-inducing vaccine. On May 1, 2023, we searched the PubMed online database for articles published using the terms “dengue”, “vaccine” and “clinical trial”, without any time or language restriction. Our search returned 140 articles. The tetravalent DENV vaccines already licensed (CYD-TDV and TAK-003) or in development (LATV-TV003/TV005, currently in phase 3, and TDEN) are mainly live attenuated. A purified inactivated vaccine (DPIV) has been studied in a phase 2 trial; a DNA vaccine (TVDV) and a protein subunit vaccine (V180) have been tested in phase 1 trials. These vaccines are all expected to induce humoral immunity.