2.5. Interventions
TMMY, pain, orthosis, fractures, osteoporosis
EVENT, OSTEOPOROSIS, BENDING
All three intervention arms included the same theoretical lectures organized as a 1-h weekly theory session for 10 weeks. In addition, the TPh and TMMY groups had a 1-h training session scheduled in adjunction to the theory sessions, respectively. A coffee break was included as a social event for each meeting. The theory themes were (1) osteoporosis and physical activity (led by a physiotherapist); (2) diagnosis of osteoporosis and pharmacological treatment, lasting two sessions (led by a physician who specialized in endocrinology/osteoporosis); (3) mindfulness and medical yoga (led by a physiotherapist/MMY teacher); (4) orthopedic technician aspects of activating spinal orthosis and stable shoes (led by an orthopedic technician and a representative from an orthosis company); (5) nutritional aspects (led by a dietitian); (6) balance performance and balance training (led by a physiotherapist); (7) information from the regional patient association for osteoporosis (led by two representatives of the local patient organization); (8) ergonomic aspects concerning daily living activities and adequate technical support (led by an occupational therapist); and (9) physiology of pain (led by a member of a team working with interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation at Linköping University Hospital).The theory sessions were organized by a moderator and were conducted in a conference room at Linköping University for the T group, whereas the TPh and TMMY groups had theory lessons together in a conference room at the training center. An experienced physiotherapist, with knowledge of appropriate training for persons with osteoporotic vertebral fractures, supervised the TPh group for 45 min once a week prior to the theory sessions. The exercise program started with a warm-up phase for six minutes and was followed by circuit training (performed by standing or walking) at nine training stations focusing on muscle strength and balance exercises for forty-five seconds times three sets. The sessions ended with a 5 min cool-down and stretching. All participants in the TPh group also received a home training program. The TMMY sessions were equally scheduled prior to the theory sessions and started with thirty-minute modified medical yoga exercises and yoga meditations (sitting on comfortable chairs) and ended with one leg standing. The yoga poses for the back were modified to suit each participant’s individual needs and there were neither extreme positions, strenuous spinal flexion exercises, exercises with rotation nor exercises bending the trunk to an end-range position [