Study design
non-diabetes mellitus
DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)
This was a single-center, stratified (diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-diabetes mellitus) with gender balanced randomisation (1:1), single-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study regarding the effect of pre-endoscopy beverage served at 2 h prior to the outpatient upper endoscopic procedure. The endoscopists that performed this procedure and the staff nurse assessing the patient’s well-being both blinded.The study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki (6th revision, 2008) as reflected in a priori approval by the Human Research Ethics Committee, Universiti Sains Malaysia in Kelantan, Malaysia (USM/JEPeM/20080414). This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05106933).