Exclusion criteria
rheumatoid arthritis, psychopathy, systemic infections
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, CARDIAC DISEASES, CONTAGIOUS DISEASES, CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, KIDNEY DISEASES, PULMONARY DISEASES, MALIGNANT TUMORS, SYSTEMIC INFECTION, LIVER DISEASES, ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Individuals with knee-related conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and ankylosing spondylitis were not included in the study. Additionally, individuals who met the following criteria were also excluded.Those who had taken steroid medication or undergone acupuncture/moxibustion treatment in the last 3 months.Those who had received intra-articular hyaluronate injections within the past 6 months.Those who had undergone arthrocentesis or arthroscopy in the last year.Those with a history of knee/hip replacement surgery or plans for such surgery during the trial.Those using other external treatments, such as topical medications.Individuals with serious medical conditions, including cardiac diseases, pulmonary diseases, kidney diseases, liver diseases, malignant tumors, systemic infections, contagious diseases, or psychopathy.Those who had used the study treatment in the previous 30 days.Individuals who had previously participated in other laser therapy trials.Participants recruited simultaneously for another clinical trial.Those unable to complete measurement questionnaires.