Participants
hearing loss, congenital sensorineural
HEARING LOSS, AIDS
Deaf adolescents from a regional deaf center within a local deaf school (congenital sensorineural type deafness-with unilateral or bilateral hearing aids or hearing loss) and typically developing adolescents (from the local typically developing school) volunteered to participate in the study. deaf adolescents were assigned into two groups including the proprioception training group (PT; The inclusion criteria for the study included: (1) male adolescents (Due to environmental conditions, female participants were not available), (2) hearing range greater than 75 decibels (This criterion was intended only for deaf adolescents), (3) skeletal maturity which assessed by using Tanner Whitehouse methodBecause of environmental and cultural conditions, this study did not evaluate the vestibular function of the deaf adolescents. However, there is a standardization of deaf children and adolescents in relation to the degrees of hearing loss. The authors selected deaf adolescents with the highest degrees of hearing loss (hearing range greater than 75 decibels) and the evidence demonstrates that, the greater the degrees of hearing loss, the worse the balance of deaf children and adolescentsIn the primary stage of the study, 45 deaf male adolescents were recruited in the study. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 participants were included and allocated into two intervention (PT and CST training) groups (Flowchart of eligibility, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analysis. PT: proprioception training, CST; core stability training, CON; control.