Sample size
RECRUITMENT
The sample size was calculated for testing noninferiority of the clinical failure outcome given that it would require a higher sample size than for the antibiotic prescription coprimary outcome. We assumed a cluster size of 900 patients per health facility (mean of 150 patients per month per health facility multiplied by 6 months, the minimum duration of the study) based on routine data within the national health management information system, an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.002 and a clinical failure rate of 3%. To have 80% power to detect an acceptable noninferiority margin of a relative risk of 1.3, corresponding to 3.9%, we required 19 clusters and 17,100 patients per arm (total patients No interim analysis was planned; however, owing to lower enrollment than expected, after 8 months of recruitment, we planned an ad hoc sample size recalculation by an independent statistician to calculate the expected power of the study based on updated parameters (Supplementary Information Note 