Conclusion
In this study, we developed models using CT radiomics and clinical predictors to predict the efficacy and guide the choice of procedures in NVBG, which were visually and quantified by nomograms. Our proposed approach can be easily integrated into the clinical setting and widely used as a practical tool to predict the efficacy of NVBG preoperatively for suitable patient selection. This approach allows for the development of individualized and differentiated treatment plans without additional healthcare expenses.