Primary outcomes
PD
The incidence of PPCs was 37.2% in group C, 17.8% in group P, 20.9% in group D, and 11.4% in group PD (Comparison of PPCs among four groupsPPC scores after surgery were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Incidence of PPCs, PPC scores and PPC types were expressed as cases of the number and percentage of patients [n (%)]. Compared with group C, 