Measurements and Data Collection
KIDNEY DISEASE
Demographic and health data were retrieved from the demographic form and medical records, respectively. Telehealth service use was measured by recording the number of log-ins to the mobile app over 4 months using Google Analytics. This analytical tool was used to collect use data for the telehealth service operated through web and mobile applications. Therefore, the actual telehealth service use by the participants was obtained for data analysis. Health literacy was measured using the Functional, Communicative, and Critical Health Literacy Scale [All questionnaires were well-developed, used in previous studies, and validated by experts. Therefore, validity testing was not performed in this study. In addition, for all instruments, a Thai version was available for use by the Thai population, except for the Perceived Usefulness Questionnaire. To use this scale with Thai patients with CAPD, the researchers translated it into the Thai language using the back translation method. Permissions to use all scales were obtained from the original tool developers and translators.The instrument’s reliability was assessed with a separate sample of 30 participants who were similar to the sample in the study. All instruments were not changed after the pilot test for reliability. The Cronbach α of Functional, Communicative, and Critical Health Literacy Scale was .80, Perceived Usefulness Questionnaire was .90, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire was .87, Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire was .95, and Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36 was .92. Data were collected 4 months after enrollment in the RCT study using self-reported questionnaires.