Conflicts of Interest
Pharmavite donated the vitamin D supplements, while Pronova Bio-Pharma and BASF donated the fish-oil capsules (Omacor). These companies also provided matching placebos and packaging in the form of calendar packs. Quest Diagnostics conducted the plasma n−3 index measurements at no cost to the trial. None of the donating companies had any involvement in the trial design, conduct, data collection or analysis, or manuscript preparation or review. Unrelated to this work, Jae Hee Kang received research funding from Pfizer, Inc.