Experiment 3: Pre- and post-manipulation mean voting preferences on 11-point scale (corrected so that positive values indicate preference for the favored candidate).
Once again, comments focused largely on the negative TMs– 98 out of 313 people in the bias groups (31.3%) mentioned negative TMs, compared to only 1 person who mentioned positive TMs and only 6 people (1.9%) who commented on possible bias in the tweets.The findings from Experiments 1, 2, and 3 suggest that Twitter displays its TMs the way it does–in a manner that makes them difficult to distinguish from organic user tweets–to maximize their impact on users.This leaves us with (at least) two intriguing questions: To what extent can a 