Outcome measures
low back pain, Oswestry Disability, Claudication, pain, disability, NRS, pain-related disability
CLAUDICATION
The following patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) were collected at preoperatively and at 2-year follow-up after surgery: the Norwegian validated versions of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ), and the numeric rating scale (NRS) for leg and back pain.The ODI is a low back pain–specific questionnaire consisting of ten questions about pain-related disability. The ODI score ranges from 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability) [The ZCQ is a disease-specific questionnaire for LSS assessing symptom severity and physical function [The primary outcome measure was defined as a reduction of at least 30% of the ODI score after the 2-year follow-up period, determined as a threshold value to define the surgical intervention as a success [Secondary patient-reported outcomes were summary scores reported at 2-year follow-up for ODI, ZCQ, and NRS for leg and back pain.