Background
diarrhoea, Gastrointestinal infections, diarrhea, bacterial gastroenteritis, ADD, diarrhoeal
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS, ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA, VIRAL INFECTION, BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS, GASTROENTERITIS, DIARRHOEAL DISEASE
Gastrointestinal infections represent a public health problem in developing and industrialized countries [Acute diarrhoeal disease (ADD) is defined as the expulsion of 3 or more liquid stools, with or without blood, within 24 h, that take the shape of the container in which they are placed. A diarrhoeal episode is one that meets the above criteria and ends when the last day of diarrhoea is followed by at least 48 h of normal stools [Enteric bacterial gastroenteritis can be difficult to differentiate from that of viral aetiology solely based on the clinical presentation mainly because of the presence of leukocytes in stool. In the past, the presence of leukocytes was a specific indication of diarrhoea of bacterial aetiology and was the basis for the diagnosis of acute inflammatory diarrhoea. Hence, laboratory studies are needed to make a specific diagnosis [The methylene blue test is traditionally performed to identify the presence of leukocytes in stool [Probiotics can be bacterial or yeast microbes. Yeast probiotics, such as The efficacy of other Normal gut microbiota has many functions but the most pertinent is resistance to colonization, which involves the interaction of many bacterial microflorae and results in a barrier effect against the colonization of pathogens. Factors that disrupt this protective barrier (for example, the use of antibiotics or surgery) increase host susceptibility to pathogen colonization until the normal microbiota can be restored (usually within 6–8 weeks). Probiotics are uniquely qualified to act as a substitute for normal microbiota during this window of susceptibility until recovery. Based on a systematic review of 27 clinical trials involving 5029 patients, 84% of the treatment groups that received S. boulardii for multiple causes of diarrhea demonstrated significant efficacy and safety. S. boulardii was significantly effective in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.50, according to a 2010 meta-analysis of ten randomized, controlled trials in adults [As previously mentioned in this paper, viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of gastroenteritis, and the administration of probiotics may help to control viral infection. However, the interaction between probiotics and viral gastroenteritis has not been previously evaluated in the Mexican population.