Conclusions
The present study found no effect of monthly, unconditional cash transfers in the first 3 years of life on maternal reports of children’s health, sleep, or health care utilization. However, the cash transfer caused an increase in toddler consumption of fresh produce. Healthy newborns tend to grow into healthy toddlers, and the impacts of poverty reduction on children’s health and sleep may not be fully borne out until later in life. We intend to follow up with the families through middle childhood and will continue to assess the children's health and development over time.