Introduction
Stroke-related motor disability, Stroke, shock, osteoporotic, pain, fractures, Osteoporosis, osteoporosis
STROKE, SHOCK, COMPLICATIONS, POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS, OSTEOPOROSIS, OSTEOPOROSIS
Stroke is one of the most challenging medical conditions in the world. Stroke-related motor disability is leading to miscellaneous complications. Osteoporosis and consequent fractures are well known as stoke-related complications [Hemiparetic patients are predisposed to fractures due to considerable loss of bone mass on the affected side; also, the possibility of falling could be increased [Bisphosphonates were used as first-line therapy. However, alendronate and denosumab were found to be effective in managing patients with corticosteroids induced osteoporosis, on the other side denosumab approved in enhancing bone mineral density of the axial spine and hips and reducing incidence of fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis [Changing one’s diet, taking vitamin D supplements, calcium, and bisphosphonates, which prevent osteoclastic bone resorption, considered as part of traditional therapy [High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) are promising modalities which affect bone mass as an alternative therapy. HILT is a relatively new technology. The high-power pulsed Nd: YAG laser has a high peak power and can target deep tissues, contrary to traditional lasers [Along with thermal processes, HILT causes chemical, mechanical, and other changes [A quick, brief-duration acoustic wave called an extracorporeal shock wave can carry energy and penetrate tissue. This would be a mechanical stimulation that biologically impacts living tissue [A prolonged period is consumed for any intervention used for the treatment of osteoporosis. Therefore, different modalities will be enrolled for rapid relief of osteoporotic patients’ issues such as pain, balance, and poor quality of life. Some researches approved the efficiency of HILT and ESWT on decreasing pain in musculoskeletal systems and improving dynamic and static balance which in turn could decrease falling in elderly and hemiparetic patients. The scarcity of studies concentrating on osteoporosis among hemiparetic patients makes it challenging to develop effective intervention programs that meet their specific issues. To the best of our knowledge, no study has compared the effects of HILT and ESWT in the treatment of osteoporosis consequences such as pain, balance and falling in hemiparetic patients. This study aimed to determine the outcomes of HILT and ESWT in treating osteoporosis consequences in individuals with hemiparesis.