Setting
fracture
Regional Versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence After Hip Fracture (REGAIN) was a multicenter pragmatic randomized trial evaluating spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery in previously ambulatory adults aged 50 years or older [The site trial staff obtained randomization assignments from a central system and evaluated the inclusion and exclusion criteria using in-person interviewing and medical record review. Patients or proxies provided informed consent for participation in the trial. Anesthesia was then administered by the usual clinical anesthesia staff at each site. REGAIN used broad eligibility criteria to maximize generalizability. However, patients determined by the research staff to otherwise meet the eligibility criteria could be excluded if physicians considered them unsuitable for randomization based on clinical assessment. The trial staff assessed 22,022 patients for eligibility, and 1600 were ultimately enrolled. Over the course of the trial, 1328 patients were excluded due to clinician refusal.