Messages from the Smart Wellness Housing survey
cerebrovascular disease, hypertensive, cardiovascular diseases
COLD, CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
We reviewed the effects of indoor temperature and insulation retrofitting on BP, focusing mainly on the national Smart Wellness Housing survey. In summary, we found: (1) about 90% of Japanese lived in cold homes (minimum indoor temperature <18 °C); (2) indoor temperature was nonlinearly associated with BP; (3) morning SBP was more sensitive to changes in indoor temperature than evening SBP; (4) SBP in older residents and women was particularly susceptible to indoor temperature change; (5) unstable indoor temperature was associated with large BP variability; and (6) insulation retrofitting intervention significantly reduced BP, especially in hypertensive patients.A systematic review [Expanded hierarchical structure for prevention of cardiovascular diseases including housing based on the present Japanese health policy “Health Japan 21 (the second term)” †Decreases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by lifestyle modifications (e.g., 2.3 mmHg decrease by diet) and prevention effects on cardiovascular diseases (e.g., the prevention of 9,300 deaths/year due to cerebrovascular disease by 4.0 mmHg decrease in SBP) were quantified mainly based on epidemiological evidence