Sample Size
pain
Among the 2 included dental sites, a total of 42 providers were recruited to participate in the study over the 2-year study period. Each provider was expected to reasonably recruit 19 patients per year. The expected number of patients was 1596. Adjusting for a 60% response rate among recruited patients, we calculated a sample of 958. Given a total sample size of 958 patients, a standard significance level of .05 (α=.05), and a within-cluster correlation coefficient of 0.1 (ρ=0.1), we estimated that the power to detect a 2.0-unit effect difference in pain would be 80.7%. The minimum power achieved was derived using R (version 4.3.1 for Windows; R Foundation for Statistical Computing; longpower package). All statistical analyses were performed at the standard significance level (α=.05) using R.