Introduction
postoperative pain
Spinal anesthesia is widely used in lower abdominal surgeries, as it plays a crucial role in relieving postoperative pain and enabling ambulatory anesthesia [Dexamethasone is commonly used to reduce the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting [Multiple studies have reported that administration of dexamethasone, whether perineurally or intravenously, can prolong the duration of peripheral nerve blocks. However, there is still uncertainty regarding which route is more effective [Therefore, we conducted this study to examine the effect of intravenous (IV) dexamethasone on the duration of hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery.