Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Children’s Investment Fund Foundation(CIFF) under the service agreement Ref no. 2001 − 0472. Special thanks go to the study health centers, and the midwives and nurses for facilitating and supporting the conduct of this study. We also record our special thanks to the pregnant women who made this study possible by agreeing to participate in this study and responding to the enrollment interview at their ANC bookings. We could not have completed this study in the timeframe without the hard work and diligence of the field team and Mela Research central office support.