Primary outcomes
HIV self‐testing
REGRESSION
At baseline, 31.2% of participants reported a past‐year HIV test, and this proportion was similar within each study arm. HIV testing uptake was substantially higher in both intervention arms compared to SOC at both T1 and T2 (Table Distribution of HIV prevention and health and wellbeing outcomes by group and across time points among Tushirikiane Trial participants, Kampala, Uganda, 2020–2021Abbreviations: HIVST, HIV self‐test; PHQ‐9, patient health questionnaire; SOC, standard of care; SRH, sexual and reproductive health.Among those reporting a positive HIV self‐test.Among those who serconverted during the study.Among those reporting being sexually active in the past 3 months.Data error at baseline, so data were only collected at 8 and 12 months.In difference‐in‐difference regression models using HIV testing data at all time points, the HIVST arm had significantly higher odds of testing at T1 (27.6% [Difference‐in‐difference estimates for effectiveness of HIV self‐testing and mHealth interventions versus standard of care on primary HIV prevention outcomes among Tushirikiane Trial participants, Kampala, Uganda, 2020–2021Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIVST, HIV self‐test; OR, odds ratio; SOC, standard of care.Intervention effect on uptake of HIV testing is estimated as the interaction between intervention arm and time point, calculated using generalized estimating equation logistic regression models with an unstructured correlation matrix.Intervention effect on HIV status knowledge is only measured at 12 months for both intervention arms compared to SOC, calculated using logistic regression models.Intervention effect on use of HIVST kits is measured at 16 months follow‐up for HIVST+mHealth arm compared to HIVST arm, calculated using logistic regression models.Adjusted for pre‐specified covariates (age, gender) and baseline imbalances (birth country, employment, income security, relationship status).HIVST and HIVST+mHealth were combined in regression analyses for HIV status knowledge given 100% status knowledge among the HIVST arm.Estimated predicted probabilities and confidence intervals (CI) for time by treatment group interaction effects for primary HIV testing outcome among Tushirikiane Trial participants, Kampala, Uganda, 2020–2021.The blue line is standard of care, the green line is HIV self‐test and the red line is HIV self‐test + mHealth arm.Similarly, HIV status knowledge verified by point‐of‐care testing (measured at T2) was substantially higher in both intervention arms (HIVST: 100% [At T3, intervention arm participants were asked if they had any unused HIVST from the study. The HIVST+ arm reported significantly higher odds of unused tests than those in the HIVST arm (aOR 22.7; 95% CI: 4.4, 118.2) (Tables 