Study population
respiratory disease, dysphagia, pneumonia, Coma, cranial nerve damage, acute lung injury
RESPIRATORY DISEASE, DYSPHAGIA, PNEUMONIA, COMA, HEART DISEASE, ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE
Participants were recruited if they met the following criteria: Glasgow Coma Scale score of more than 8 points, age between 18 and 70 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) level ≥ II, mechanical ventilation duration ≥ 2 h, and elective supratentorial craniotomy. Patients were excluded if they met at least one of the following criteria: preexisting severe respiratory disease (chronic lung disease, pneumonia, acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome) or heart disease, dysphagia resulting from preoperative cranial nerve damage, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg ⋅ m