Control Group
dyspnea, fatigue, pain
The CG received the usual preoperative care offered at the health care units involved, which did not include structured exercise training. Additionally, the CG received weekly phone calls, which consisted of standardized questions regarding fatigue, pain, and dyspnea symptoms. Postoperatively, the participants in both the PHET and CG groups received standardized inpatient rehabilitation focused on early mobilization, breathing exercises, and incentive spirometry.