Hypotheses and Statistical Considerations
CMD, coronary vascular dysfunction
Our primary hypothesis was that patients with CMD will have a greater improvement in their exercise capacity in response to anti-ischemic therapy compared with patients with a normal CFR. Assuming a 2:1 distribution (as reported in the literature for patients with a high pretest probability of coronary vascular dysfunction), 49 patients with CMD and 25 with a normal CFR will provide 80% power (α=0.05) to detect a 60-s difference in exercise time between the groups (assumed SD, 85 s). On the basis of previous mechanistic work, and as discussed later, our second (hierarchical) hypothesis was that patients with Normality of data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Normally distributed continuous data are presented as mean±SD, unless specified otherwise, and compared using the independent sample’s Student A summary of the protocol has been submitted with this article and is available at (