Introduction
Despite improvements in short-term outcomes after kidney transplantation, mainly driven by improvements in 1 year allograft survival, late allograft failure remains an issue [Meier-Kriesche et al. noted that the limited improvements in long-term allograft survival, despite reduced rejection rates, could be due to acute rejection episodes without complete functional recovery [In recent years, several advances have been made in follow-up after kidney transplantation, including big data-driven models such as the iBOX to predict allograft survival or new biomarkers such as donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) to detect early graft damage [