2.4.4. Other Variables
Age and status of participation in the competition were self-reported. Body height was measured using a stadiometer (YHS-200D, YAGAMI Inc., Nagoya, Japan). Bodyweight and body fat percentage were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 470, InBody Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Body height (to the nearest 0.1 cm), bodyweight (to the nearest 0.1 kg), and body fat percentage (to the nearest 0.1%) were measured with the participants wearing lightweight outdoor clothes without shoes.Weather conditions were recorded for each trial date, including ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation. Data were collected from the Hatoyama Meteorological Agency Observatory, which is located near the golf course [