Intervention
NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE
All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with an applied PEEP of 5 cmH
The tidal volume and PEEP were maintained for the duration of the surgical procedure. All cases were performed under the supervision or direct care of a specialist anaesthetist. Participants underwent intravenous induction, neuromuscular blockade and endotracheal intubation, and a volatile agent was used to maintain anaesthesia. Apart from tidal volume and PEEP, other aspects of clinical care, including PaCO