Primary endpoint
AO/OTA 31A1-3, callus, fracture, pain, fractures, tenderness
The primary endpoint was fracture union at 24 weeks postoperatively. Successful fracture union was a composite end point. For individual patients, the treatment was considered successful if all of the following conditions were met 24 weeks after surgery: (a) no focal tenderness or lengthwise percussion pain, or abnormal movement; (b) the frontal/lateral X-ray examination showed vague or no fracture gap, or continuous callus passing across the fracture line; and (c) no deformation or breakage was found in the implants. Representative case examples of AO/OTA 31A1-3 fractures with uneventful healing with PFNA-II or TFNA are shown in Fig. 