1. Introduction
obesity, obese, weight gain, overweight, Weight gain, TG
INSULIN RESISTANCE, OBESITY, DISEASE, OBESE
Adolescence is a complex period of human development in which young people are susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of multi-disciplinary family and individual intervention on cardiometabolic risk parameters in overweight and obese adolescents and compare sub-groups, considering possible differences between sexes (males vs. females vs. intervention approach). Forty-three adolescents (13.73 ± 2.46 years old) of both sexes were divided into two groups: family group (FG) (Weight gain in youth is a global health problem [Immediate health risks include changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), insulin resistance, changes in serum lipoprotein levels (especially biochemical markers associated with increased cardiovascular risk), and triglycerides (TG) [Therefore, encouraging lifestyle changes by stimulating the consumption of fresh foods and reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods, in addition to regular physical activity practice, can stop the progression of weight gain and mitigate the consequences of weight gain [Considering the listed aspects, the identification of possible positive outcomes of physiological and metabolic responses in different models of multi-professional intervention, i.e., physical exercise, food re-education, and psychoeducation in family interventions (adolescents and parents receiving multi-professional care together vs. care of only adolescents—individual action), could determine which therapeutic model can be more effective at combatting obesity in adolescence and if there is a better model to be followed for the treatment of this chronic non-communicable disease [Understanding different therapeutic approaches to combat obesity can help health professionals to incorporate more assertive interventional actions into their clinical practices [