Conclusion
DEL
In contrast to previous studies where uptake and use of clean cooking was sub-optimal, we show that LMIC householders adopt and use LPG fuels almost exclusively with behavior change and programmatic support when they do not face the challenges of affordability and access. This laid the groundwork for other HAPIN research to show that such levels of uptake can deliver exposure reductions that meet WHO targets (
The study protocol was reviewed and approved by institutional review boards (IRBs) or Ethics Committees at Emory University (00089799), Johns Hopkins University (00007403), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (IEC-N1/16/JUL/54/49) and the Indian Council of Medical Research – Health Ministry Screening Committee (5/8/4-30/(Env)/Indo-US/2016-NCD-I), Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (146-08-2016) and Guatemalan Ministry of Health National Ethics Committee (11-2016), Asociación Beneficia PRISMA (CE2981.17), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (11664-5) and the Rwandan National Ethics Committee (No.357/RNEC/2018), and Washington University in St. Louis (201611159). The study was registered with 