4.2. Research Limitations
This study had several limitations. First, this study did not use a randomized equal-group multifactor experimental design. As a result, the results may have been affected by sampling bias (e.g., the experience and team participation) and thus cannot be completely generalized to students of other countries, regions, or educational backgrounds. Second, the teaching intervention was highly structured and supportive because of the students’ self-efficacy. Finally, the research participants consisted only of students from one university, and the course framework was solely based on badminton. Researchers should exercise caution when generalizing the results to courses based on other sports.