Overview
The eCARE app was developed based on the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. We first performed a literature review to build the content components for the app. The messages of the app were developed based on Social Cognitive Theory, the Health Belief Model, and the Integrated Theory of Behavior Change, which were adapted into personalized messages sent to the patients by recognizing their current states of behavioral changes. The app included a GIS-based map of HIV medical facilities, as well as other mental health and harm reduction services. The app was developed by arranging the necessary information, editing the text, and adding appropriate illustrations. The first version was designed as a web-based simulator and evaluated by experts in the field of HIV/AIDS treatment as well as by some patients in the study population. After fixing the bugs, the final version (in terms of content) was developed and put into beta form. The testing phase included stability testing on iOS and Android platforms and testing the effectiveness of the app. The trial phase was conducted on 20 patients to investigate their requirements for the app in terms of form and content. The intervention group was given access to the eCARE app through medical staff at the treatment facility.The final smartphone app (eCARE) contains the following core functions: (1) personal medical record; (2) medication reminder; (3) behavior monitoring (including tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and illegal substance use); (4) connection to health facilities; (5) guidelines, information, and news; and (6) contact to HIV clinics (Components and theories informing the design of the eCARE app.Main functions of the eCARE smartphone app (in English).