MS and NTs recruit similar cortico-striatal regions in response to All Positive Feedback vs All Negative Feedback
EVENTS, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, POSITIVE
Since we did not identify measurable differences in learning between the two feedback conditions (i.e., monetary and non-monetary feedback; Whole-brain Analysis Activation Clusters and Local Maxima for Primary Feedback Contrasts.Peak intensities within each cluster with z values exceeding the cluster-defining threshold of 3.1 (p <.001, corrected to p <.017) for each event/contrast of events. Each unique cluster identified within the event/contrast is numerically listed in the “Cluster Number” column. When multiple peaks were identified within the same region, the reported coordinates correspond to peak activation with the highest z value. The Harvard-Oxford and Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) Structural Atlases were used for the identification of anatomical brain region labels. MS = multiple sclerosis, NT = neurotypical, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere.MS and NT participants recruited largely similar regions in response to All Positive vs. All Negative Feedback. The MS group displayed enhanced activity in striatal regions, including in the bilateral caudate, bilateral VS, and left putamen (Whole-brain analysis, All Positive Feedback > All Negative Feedback contrast results. Although there were no group differences, MS participants (top row) and NT participants (bottom row) displayed similar functional organization dedicated to the processing of feedback valence. Notably, the largest clusters of activation within each group contained cortico-striatal regions, including the VS and vmPFC. Notes: Images are left–right-reversed. MS activation appears in warmer colors (orange and yellow); NT activation appears in cooler colors (blue). All brain maps used a cluster-defining threshold of α = 0.001 and were cluster-corrected at a threshold of 