Results
death

Characteristics of mothers and infants enrolled in the NAITRE trial in Burkina Faso 2019–2020Excludes missing NAITRE, Neonates and Azithromycin, an Innovation in the Treatment of Children in Burkina Faso; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; LAZ, Length-for-Age Z Score; WAZ: Weight-for-Age Z Score; WLZ, Weight-for-Length Z Score.At baseline, babies born to adult mothers had a slightly higher birthweight in g, weight in kg, length in cm, MUAC, LAZ, WAZ and WLZ. At 6 months, all these measures were similar among babies born to teenage and adult mothers (In multivariable models, compared with babies born to adult mothers, babies born to adolescent mothers on average weighed 161 g less (95% CI –178.8 to –146.7) at birth and weighed 0.18 kg less (95% CI –0.20 to –0.16), were 0.56 cm shorter (95% CI –0.64 to –0.48) and had 0.29 cm narrower (95% CI –0.33 to –0.25) MUAC at enrolment (Unadjusted and adjusted mean differences and odds ratios of baseline (birth) and 6-month (growth and mortality) outcomes, comparing adult mothers (20–40 years old) with adolescent mothers (13–19 years old)Covariates in adjusted models include region and maternal education.MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; LAZ, Length-for-Age Z Score; WAZ, Weight-for-Age Z Score; WLZ, Weight-for-Length Z Score.At 6 months, there were very small decreases in weight, length, MUAC, LAZ and WAZ for babies born to adolescent mothers compared with those born to adult mothers. Overall, at 6 months, there were only narrow and negligible differences in anthropometric measures between babies born to adolescent vs adult mothers (Change in mean anthropometric measures between enrolment and 6 months by maternal age. MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; LAZ, Length-for-Age Z Score; WAZ: Weight-for-Age Z Score; WLZ, Weight-for-Length Z ScoreIn a sensitivity analysis restricting to first-born children (For the sensitivity analysis using maternal age as a continuous variable, we found that an increase in maternal age was associated with higher/better baseline measures and very small increases in 6-month anthropometric measures (For the association between maternal age and infant mortality, in the model adjusted for region and maternal education, babies born to adolescent mothers had 2.17 (95% CI 1.35 to 3.47) times the odds of death by 6 months compared with babies born to adult mothers (For the QBA, the observed unadjusted OR of the maternal age–infant mortality association was 2.24 (95% CI 1.41 to 3.57). For the selection bias analysis, the bias-corrected (adjusted ORs) for probability of selection of adolescent mothers with child mortality at 6 months (exposed case) of 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 and 0.75 were 2.37 (95% CI 1.49 to 3.77), 2.51 (95% CI 1.58 to 3.99), 2.67 (95% CI 1.67 to 4.24) and 2.84 (95% CI 1.79 to 4.52), respectively (Multidimensional deterministic sensitivity analysis for selection bias for association between maternal age and child mortality at 6 monthsObserved OR = 2.24 (1.41, 3.57).Assuming 100% probability of selection of adolescent mothers whose child was alive at 6 months (exposed control) and adult mothers whose child was alive at 6 months (unexposed control), 95% probability of selection of adult mothers with child mortality at 6 months (unexposed case) and 95% to 75% probability of selection of adolescent mothers with child mortality at 6 months (exposed case).Selection bias factor =  Probabilistic sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding by poverty for association between maternal age and infant mortality at 6 monthsAssuming prevalence of poverty in adolescents (exposed) of 0.2–0.4, prevalence of poverty in adults (unexposed) of 0.2–0.25 and poverty–infant mortality (confounder–outcome) OR of 2.0–2.7.