2.2.2. Routine perioperative management.
pain
Before the operation, patients were routinely instructed not to take pain medications, to fast for 8 hours, and to not drink water for 6 hours prior to surgery in order to ensure accuracy of the experimental study. The lavage fluid was maintained at room temperature, and the volume was not controlled. Interventions were performed for patients with blood pressure over 140/90 mm Hg. No drain placement was performed at the end of the procedure, and patients were allowed to eat food 6 hours postoperatively. After the operation, patients were placed in a shoulder brace and administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs daily for pain management. Patients were instructed to perform functional rehabilitation exercises under the supervision of a rehabilitation physician.