Introduction
obesity
OBESITY
When blood glucose spikes occur, insulin is secreted and the conversion of carbohydrates into fat is excessive, leading to obesity [The second-meal effect is a concept proposed by Jenkins et al. in 1982 [One of the most popular snack foods is potato chips, which are produced by deep-frying thin slices of fresh potato [There have been few studies on snacking foods that are widely distributed and consumed by the general public. In addition, the energy intake from snacks has not been standardized. In the present study, we examined the effects of snacking on potato chips, black beans, roasted sweet potatoes, and fruit granola, which are commonly consumed by Japanese people, on the second-meal effect at dinner. In many studies, only one point of time is set for snack intake and then determining the second-meal effect. However, people may eat snacks at earlier times before dinner or near to dinner. Therefore, in the current experiments, the snacks were consumed at 15:00 or 17:00.