Study Groups
depression, depressive symptoms
Engagement-focused care coordination emphasized referral to depression services following a brief engagement session; PSE offered initial on-site treatment, followed by referral if depressive symptoms persisted. Patients in both groups had access to the same array of mental health services. Treatments in both groups were delivered by bachelor’s level clinical staff with no prior mental health care experience. Intervention training lasted 2 days for EFCC and 5 days for PSE and included confirmatory fidelity checks. To minimize contamination, we divided staff into those trained in EFCC and those trained in PSE. During the study, participants were assigned to the language-concordant, study group–specific clinical staff member with the smallest caseload at the time.