2.4. Results
pain
In total, 41 patients (17.6%), 81 caregivers (34.8%) and 111 staff members (47.6%) completed the questionnaires on the effects of noise and music in the ICU setting. Staff members were a mix of medical professionals and support staff (See Patients’ Apache scores, HADS scores and visual analogue scale scores for pain at the two time-points of administering the questionnaires were examined. Apache scores were available for adult patients. Median values (interquartile range) were 11 (7) pre-, and 8 (6) post-intervention, which were significantly lower when the music questionnaire was completed compared to the noise questionnaire (