Statistical considerations
death
REGRESSION
Categorical variables were summarised based on counts and percentages while continuous variables were described in terms of median and interquartile range (IQR).Overall survival (OS) duration was measured from the start of therapy to the date of death. Patients who remained alive at the end of study were censored at the date of last follow-up. Survival curves were estimated via the Kaplan–Meier method. To compare survival distributions between groups, the log-rank test was employed. Multivariable Cox regression models were applied to validate the RMH and RMH + NLR50 models for mortality. The effect estimates were quantified based on the hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). The proportional hazards assumption was evaluated using scaled Schoenfeld residuals.