Results
psychiatric comorbidity
Of 140 eligible patients, 45 patients either declined or were excluded; therefore, 95 patients (63 [66.3%] male; mean [SD] age, 38 [16] years; range, 14-78 years) were recruited for the study and included in the final analysis, with 46 patients randomized to receive the AR intervention and 49 patients randomized to the standard instructions control group. There were no significant differences between AR and control groups with respect to age (mean [SD], 38 [16] years vs 38 [17] years), sex (30 [65.2%] male vs 33 [67.3%] male), ASA score (eg, ASA class 1: 23 patients [50.0%] vs 23 patients [46.9%]), smoking history (eg, never smoker: 40 patients vs 41 patients), psychiatric comorbidity (1 patient [2.2%] vs 6 patients [12.2%]), surgical location (eg, knee: 33 patients [71.7%] vs 31 patients [63.3%]), days between the preoperative appointment and date of surgery (mean [SD], 28 [32] days vs 26 [23] days), or screening STAI score (mean [SD], 35 [10] vs 35 [12]) (