Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients
ulcer
ULCER
Baseline demographics and ulcer surface area and volume were not significantly different across patients (A significant change in ulcer surface area was observed in follow-up univariate ANOVAs, F (4, 96) = 40.07, The between-group analysis revealed a significant difference in all measures (At the 4-week follow-up, the within-group analysis revealed a considerable variation in ulcer surface area and ulcer volume relative to baseline in the 2 experimental groups. The control group, however, showed no significant change (At the 12-week follow-up, the within-group analysis revealed a significant variation in ulcer surface area and ulcer volume compared to the baseline (The Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis revealed a significant difference between the three groups (PEMF + PRE, PEMF, and control) on the chosen parameters post-intervention, while the PEMF + PRE group underwent the most significant changes, with mean differences at [95% confidence interval] for ulcer surface area being (−4.75, −3.82, −0.98) and for ulcer volume (−12.63, −9.55, −2.45), respectively, 