2.5. Statistical Analyses
REGRESSION
Descriptive statistics are reported as percentages for categorical data, averages (mean ± SD) for continuous, normally distributed data, and medians (interquartile range, IQR) for continuous, nonnormally distributed data. The respective between-group comparisons were performed using Seventy percent of patients from PKUFH were randomly assigned to the training group (202 patients), and the remaining 30% were assigned to the internal validation group (87 patients). Patients from the other three centers were assigned to the external validation group (389 patients).We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for DN in the training group (Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then conducted with the above independent risk factors in the training group to find the regression coefficients “