Statistical analysis
disability, Pain
Analyses for this study were descriptive. Our cohort is described combined where appropriate and split by cervical and lumbar cases. Continuous variables are reported using means with standard deviations and categorical data are reported using counts with percentages. Pain and disability scores are reported as continuous; fusion rates as noncontinuous. Paired samples t-tests were used to evaluate change in scores from baseline to 6- and 12-months postoperative. Significance was set at 