INTRODUCTION
ATHEROSCLEROSIS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, OXIDATIVE STRESS
Oxidative stress may expedite the development of atherosclerosis, which is mediated, in part, by endothelial dysfunction, by triggering the inactivation of nitric oxideOxidative stress can be analyzed in three ways: (1) by directly measuring ROS, (2) by measuring the presence or absence of antioxidants, or (3) by measuring damage to proteins, lipids, DNA, or RNA. Nevertheless, because ROS is highly unstable, the damage to proteins, lipids, DNA, or RNA, is often quantified to assess oxidative stress in clinical practice. Malondialdehyde (MDA)‐modified low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) is LDL modified by MDA, which is a large and structurally distinct aldehyde formed when LDL undergoes oxidative denaturation; it is one of the representative markers of oxidized LDL, which is a general term for various substances produced by oxidative denaturation of LDL. This oxidative stress marker is often used in clinical practice.Febuxostat selectively suppresses xanthine oxidase (XO), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid (UA), thereby reducing the UA levels. Hence, this drug has an antioxidant effect,In a recent multicentre, randomized controlled (PRIZE) study, vascular evaluation was conducted under UA control by febuxostat.