Tracking accuracy
NCC
To calculate trial-specific tracking accuracy in the active tracking conditions (Active Interoception, Active Exteroception, and Active Matching), the appropriate sensory stimulus waveform (respiration in Active Interoception, the visual circle in Active Exteroception) was first phase-corrected to maximally align with the keypress waveform; this correction served to compensate for systematic signal transduction lags between the three types of signals. Phase correction was performed using a normalized cross-correlation (NCC) analysis using the ‘dtwclust’ library in R to estimate the maximum correlation between behavior and respiration/circle timeseries (Following phase correction, tracking accuracy was assessed by computing the deviation from the respiration/circle inflection points to the nearest keypress, as tracking keypresses were cued by changes in circle/respiration phase (the switch from expansion/inhalation to contraction/exhalation). The average deviation in milliseconds was then calculated for each trial and used as a measure of tracking accuracy, with lower scores indicating more accurate tracking (