Participants
RECRUITMENT
The recruitment period ran from January 2, 2020, to April 1, 2020. The app prompted eligible users to read the privacy notice (The date of download is defined as the date when the onboarding process is completed by each user. The onboarding process involved users completing a registration section where they completed the AUDIT and sociodemographic assessment and then received normative feedback (personalized feedback on how their drinking compares with the behaviors of others). It is only after the completion of the onboarding process that users were then assessed for eligibility and consequently randomized to 1 of the 3 arms.On enrollment in the study, we turned the permission function off within the app. This was intended to ensure that the participants received the notification policy to which they were randomized. Participants could, however, go into the settings and turn the notification policy off, which is applicable for all apps on the Apple App Store and is beyond the control of any app developer.