Discussion
cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, Shivering, hypotension
MUSCLE RELAXATION
Our study showed that the EDThe ideal spinal anesthesia for cesarean section should provide adequate surgical conditions throughout the procedure with fewer side effects and earlier recovery of maternal motor functions and should not affect neonatal outcomes. Although a high dose of local anesthetics can achieve adequate intraoperative analgesia and muscle relaxation, it will inevitably lead to a higher incidence of hypotension and motor block [Several studies have explored intrathecal nonopioids as novel alternatives, such as αAlthough various factors influence the efficacy of nerve block during surgical anesthesia, the local anesthetic dose is the main determinant of its success [Khaw et al. [Earlier mobilization is important for parturients because it enables care for the newborn, reduces the incidence of venous thromboprophylaxis and facilitates early discharge from the hospital. Low-dose local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia permit earlier recovery from motor block and lower maternal side effects [Shivering, associated with spinal anesthesia during cesarean section, is an uncomfortable experience for the parturient; it may lead to increased oxygen consumption, increased peripheral vascular resistance, increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and compromised wound healing [In our study, no newborn had an Apgar score < 9 in either group, indicating that the dosages of intrathecal dexmedetomidine were safe for neonates. These findings were in line with the results of previous randomized controlled trials [Our study also has limitations. First, we did not use intrathecal opioids as a control to examine the superiority or inferiority of intrathecal dexmedetomidine vs. opioids. Second, we did not detect the ED