Statistical methods
depressive symptoms
Participants’ characteristics were described using median and interquartile range (IQR) or count and percentage (%). Univariate comparisons were performed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test or the Chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables respectively. The Fisher’s exact test was applied instead of the Chi-square when one or more of the cell counts was below five. A latent factor model was performed to investigate the complex relationship linking household demographic, socioeconomic, and infant characteristics to infant physical growth through maternal postpartum depressive symptoms. Our model had the EPDS total score as a mediator of the relationship between household demographic, socioeconomic, and infant characteristics. Supplementary Fig. All statistical tests were two tailed. Type-I error to detect significant associations was defined according to the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure