References
BRAIN
Flow diagram of participants included in the study. Children were randomized into one of two intervention groups, either receiving a blend of docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and sphingomyelin from a uniquely processed whey protein concentrate enriched in alpha-lactalbumin and phospholipids or receiving a control formulation. Non-randomized breastfed children served as a natural reference group.Harmonization study. (Brain image evolution pooling all study participants from intervention and breastfeeding reference groups across study visits (3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months) for myelin water fraction (MWF), T1, T2, fractional anisotropy (FA), and g-ratio.Intervention group effects for MRI-derived myelin and gray matter outcomes based on linear mixed model. (Identified brain regions of interest with significant group differences (in color, The Boxplots for day sleep hours (Boxplot for the social fearfulness subscale from the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (TBAQ), analyzed using the linear mixed model, adjusted for gender and site. Diamonds represent the mean and horizontal lines the quartiles. Whiskers represent minimum and maximum observations within 1.5 times the interquartile range above and below the box. Dots and Crosses represent individual values. * Baseline characteristics of enrolled participants.Mixed model results for myelin and gray matter volume comparisons between investigational and control groups.* 