SHAP analysis
SHAP dependence
The top 15 features with descending importance ranked by mean absolute SHAP values are shown in the summary plot (Fig. Summary plot for ML model. Summary plot Decision plot and force plot for ML model. SHAP dependence plots show the impact of a single feature on outcome prediction (Fig. The impact of single feature on the outcome prediction. Dependence plots and force plots showed how single features influenced model output. Red dashed lines represented SHAP = 0. Thresholds were indicated by orange arrows. AF atrial fibrillationFor continuous variables, the influence of outliers on model output is visualized in a decision plot (Fig. 