Secondary Outcomes
Pain, pain
Secondary outcomes were SF-12 at 4 months, daily pain scores and analgesics use, and the questionnaires at 4 weeks and 4 months as described. Another outcome was feasibility in terms of acceptability, usability, and tolerability.Pain scores comprised pain scores (0 to 100 mm) on “worst pain experienced today” and “least pain experienced today” (0 = no pain, 10 = extreme pain), an 11-point visual analog scale (VAS) measuring the percentage of time having experienced severe pain (0% = none of the time, 100% = all the time), and an 11-point Likert scale measuring, to which extent pain has prevented the patient from moving in bed, taking a deep breath or coughing, and sleeping (0 = no influence, 10 = completely prevented).The Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the pain coping and cognition list were used to evaluate pain catastrophizing and pain coping strategies.