Statistical analysis
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The results were reported as mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) for quantitative variables and were summarized for categorical variables by frequency (percentage). Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to investigate the normal distribution of quantitative data. A paired-sample t-test was used to determine the within-group differences. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean of the two groups when they had a normal distribution. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the ratios in the two groups. The significance level was set at Ten patients with the same reconstructive surgery had repeated measurements seven days apart in a pilot study and the Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC) for BESS, MSEBT, SLHD, and SLHT were 0.92, 0.95, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively, with a 95% level of confidence.