Statistical analysis
diabetes, injury
The Kolmogoro–Smirnov test was used to determine data normality. The independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the following continuous variables: age, body mass index (BMI), HWES score, VAS score, OMAS, and incision length. The chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the following categorical variables: sex, smoking status, diabetes, injury mechanism, and 5-point Likert scale score. Inter-observer reliability for the HWES was assessed by calculating the kappa coefficient (κ), and the values were judged as follows: poor (< 0.0), slight (0.01–0.20), fair (0.21–0.40), moderate (0.41–0.60), substantial (0.61–0.80), and almost perfect (0.81–1.00)