Introduction
NAFLD, tumor necrosis, TNF-α, hepatocellular damage, inflammation, necroinflammation, NASH, NASHZSP1601
TUMOR NECROSIS, HEPATOCELLULAR DAMAGE, NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH), NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, INFLAMMATION, LIVER FIBROSIS, HEPATIC STEATOSIS
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive and severe subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by hepatic steatosis and necroinflammation with hepatocyte injury, along with a rapid progression of liver fibrosisA growing number of potential drugs with various mechanisms of action are undergoing clinical trials to assess their usefulness in the treatment of NASHZSP1601 is a first-in-class pan-phosphodiesterase (pan-PDE) inhibitor specially designed for NASH and developed by Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd (Guangdong, Guangzhou, China). Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that ZSP1601 exerted anti-inflammatory activities, with its highest inhibitory effect occurring on PDE2 that can increse the intracellular concentration of cAMP to suppress the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces inflammation and hepatocellular damage in NASH