Methods
stature
With Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences ethics approval, 11 male university standard team sport players (age 20.0 ± 0.8 y, stature 181 ± 5 cm, body mass 82.3 ± 12.4 kg) participated in this study after providing written informed consent. Participants represented a range of team sports, including soccer, rugby and basketball. An a priori sample size calculation using G*Power 3.1.9.6 (Faul et al. Participants completed two HIIT trials using either running (H/P Cosmos, Pulsar, Nussdorf-Traunstein, Germany) or cycling (Lode Excalibur Sport, Lode Medical Technology, Groningen, The Netherlands) in a randomized cross-over design, with 5–7 days between trials (temperature: 20.6 ± 0.8 cf. 20.4 ± 0.7 ℃, 