Data collection
peripheral venous blood
We collected the baseline patient characteristics, including age, gender, past medical history, heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), RNF213 variants, and laboratory tests. Fasting peripheral venous blood samples were obtained with vacuum biochemical tubes on the second morning after admission. All samples were centrifuged, aliquoted, and stored at −80°C within 1 h after collection. In order to avoid bias in the test results, all information of participants was blinded to the laboratory technicians. RNF213 p.R4810K variants were confirmed with the following primer sequences: Forward 5′‐GCCCTCCATTTCTAGCACAC‐3′ and Reverse 5′‐AGCTGTGGCGAAAGCTTCTA‐3′. Neurological function evaluation at admission was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, which were divided into two levels (0–2 and 3–5). The severity of MMD patients was determined based on the Suzuki stage of the more severe side.