Procedures
OIC, Wexner constipation, hepatorenal, constipation, pain, mental disorders, nausea, vomiting
ADVERSE EVENTS, SECONDARY, BRAIN
All participants were already taking morphine orally when the trial began. In addition to their existing regimens, the randomly assigned experimental group took an L‐TAMS preparation (Wuxi Brain Magnesia Biomedical Technology Co, Ltd.) orally, at a dose of 1.5 g (weight < 70 kg: red capsule) or 2.0 g (weight > 70 kg: blue capsule)The primary outcome of this trial was the increase in daily oral morphine use. Considering that patients could voluntarily adjust their morphine doses according to pain intensity, the VAS score for average pain was not used as the main index to evaluate the efficacy of L‐TAMS; it was used only for screening participants, evaluating patients' response to dosage changes, and guiding rational drug use under some special circumstances. Other efficacy measures included the frequency and severity of BTcP.The Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9)Opioid‐induced constipation (OIC) was one of the secondary outcomes; the Wexner constipation scoreData were collected from the patients through on‐site face‐to‐face interviews, telephone calls, or home visits by the research physicians. At each collection, any other adverse events or relevant laboratory values were recorded, mainly including nausea, vomiting, mental disorders, and hepatorenal function. When patients appeared to have serious or intolerable adverse events because of opioids, immediate symptom assessment was performed, and researchers advised patients to recheck with the oncology or pain department. If the attending physician made a relatively large change in a patient's opioid dosage or analgesic strategy, the patient was removed from our trial.