Frailty assessment
Frailty, hand dynamometer
Frailty was assessed by LFI, which consists of the following 3 performance-based tests: (1) Grip strength: the average of 3 trials, measured in the subject’s dominant hand using a hand dynamometer (CAMRY digital hand dynamometer EH101); (2) Timed chair stands: measured as the number of seconds it takes to do 5 chair stands with the subject’s arms folded across the chest; and (3) Balance testing: measured as the number of seconds that the subject can balance in 3 positions (feet placed side-to-side, semi-tandem, and tandem) for a maximum of 10 s each [