Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate
The ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) device (TM-2441, A&D Medical, Tokyo, Japan) automatically measured ambulatory BP and heart rate (HR) using the oscillometric method every 30–60 min during the sleep and awake period until measurement was completed for 2 h after wake-up. The ambulatory BP monitoring device has been confirmed to be accurate and fulfilled all ISO 81060-2:2013 standard requirements for ABPM determination in adults [Sleep BP was defined as the average BP readings during sleep. The lowest BP was defined as the average of three BP readings (1.5 h) during sleep. Preawakening BP was defined as the average BP readings during the 2 h just before awake time (four BP readings). Morning BP was defined as the average BP readings during the first 2 h after the awake time (four BP readings) (Figure S


The coefficients of variation for the morning SBP and the lowest nocturnal SBP were 7.1 ± 6.6% and 7.0 ± 7.3% within the same participant, respectively [