2.1. Participants
RET, cancer, hernia, diabetes, lung disease, hypertension
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, KIDNEY DISEASE, CANCER, AORTIC ANEURYSM, HYPERTENSION
Thirty-seven generally healthy 50-to-69-year-old males and females were recruited via flyers and advertisements in a local newspaper. Smokers and individuals with any of the following health conditions were excluded: hypertension (>160/100 mmHg), cardiac arrhythmias, cancer, hernia, aortic aneurysm, kidney disease, diabetes, lung disease, and blood cholesterol >240 mg/dL or <160 mg/dL or taking cholesterol-lowering medications. Those who participated in one hour or more of RET per week in the previous year were not eligible for participation, and females needed to be postmenopausal for more than two years. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to one of three choline groups in a double-blind manner: zero additional egg yolk (low), one additional egg yolk (medium = med), or three additional egg yolks (high) per day. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by Texas A&M University Institutional Review Board. All of the participants provided written informed consent prior to participation in the study. All testing, measurement, and RET were performed in the morning hours in an air-conditioned laboratory. All study data were collected over two years during spring, summer, or fall semesters at Texas A&M University by investigators trained in exercise testing and prescription, as well as experimental data collection.