Sample size
During a pilot study among 20 patients undergoing FOI intubation, the total intubation time was 26.5 (12.2) s when the jaw-thrust maneuver was applied (10 patients) and 20.4 (10.1) s when the McIvor blade was placed for tongue retraction (10 patients). Based on the pilot data, a sample size of 48 patients per group was required with a significance level of 95%, a power of 80%, and a 10% anticipated dropout rate.