Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
NPDR, diabetic macular edema, diabetes
EYE DISEASE, RETINA, PROLIFERATIVE, DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA, DIABETES
The Thailand Prospective Study (TPS) (Thai Clinical Trials Registry #TCTR20190902002) explored the use of Google's automated DR screening software in a real-world clinical setting.Five hospitals across Thailand were involved in our study—namely, Phrao, Chomthong, Rajavithi, Khlong Luang, and San Patong Hospitals. Patients underwent a baseline visit as a part of the TPS. The inclusion criteria for TPS were all patients with diabetes in the national diabetes registry above age 18. Exclusion criteria for TPS were patients with a previous diagnosis of DME, severe NPDR, or proliferative DR; prior laser treatment of the retina or retinal surgery; other non-DR eye disease requiring referral to an ophthalmologist; or inability to have fundus photo taken of either eye for any reason. A subset of TPS patients who underwent DR screening between September 2019 and January 2020 and were graded as mild or no DR and not having diabetic macular edema in both eyes were analyzed for our study. A description of the grading approach is described in subsequent paragraphs.