Design
This study was part of a single-blind, two-stage/two-group randomized clinical trial fulfilled in 2021-22 in one of the main HD centers in Isfahan, Iran, and registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (No. ID IRCT20171216037895N5, Date: 28/04/2021). Before designing this study, a structural search was done and after investigating related published articles, the present method was designed. Studies from 2010 to 2022, which were published in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID, were included and education, patient education, face-to-face, mobile applications, mobile Health (mHealth), adherence, and adherence to treatment were used as keywords in the mentioned search.