Subjects
This is a randomized self-controlled study approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research of Beijing Hospital (No. 2019BJYYEC-236-02) and registered in the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (No. ChiCTR2000028802 Date 2020.01.04). This study adheres to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. The study was approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB), and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. From February 2020 to December 2020, a total of 60 patients receiving general, obstetrics and gynecological and urological surgeries were randomly recruited. For all patients, general anesthesia was performed in the supine position with the SaCoVLM™. Inclusion criteria: male or female; 18–78 years; BMI 18.0–30.0 kg/m