Conclusions
CORTEX
We evaluated the neural effects of single and sequential 10 Hz TMS trains to the left prefrontal cortex using single ‘probe’ TMS pulses. Single left hemisphere prefrontal TMS trains did not modulate sensor-space left prefrontal cortical excitability, but did modulate right frontal TEPs. 12 sequential left prefrontal TMS trains were not sufficient to induce cumulative neural changes. Exploratory analyses suggest train-induced non-local cortical excitability changes in the later parts of the TEP, changes in phase coordination dynamics, and distributed changes using source space models. This work provides important groundwork for future directions and highlights the experimental complexity required to measure acute neural changes to TMS treatment.