CONSORT flow diagram of patients' recruitment, follow-up, and entry to data analysis.
orthodontic
ROOT RESORPTION, IMPACTION
The following definitions represent the inclusion criteria: (1) patients aged 18 to 28; (2) unilateral palatally or mid-alveolar upper impaction; (3) distally placement of the impacted canine crown to the lateral incisor root midline; (4) no use of any medications that may affect the orthodontic movement. The following conditions were excluded: (1) bilateral or buccal canine impaction cases; (2) more than 45-degree angle between the canine’s longitudinal axis and the vertical facial plane; (3) presence of lateral incisors root resorption; (4) presence of contact between the canine crown and the lateral incisor root; (5) previous orthodontic treatment; (6) any medical condition that prevents oral surgery; (7) oral structural abnormality that is inherited or congenital.