2.3. Blood Sampling and Biochemical Measurements
inflammation, TG, TNF-α, tumor necrosis
CLOT, TUMOR NECROSIS, INFLAMMATION, BLOOD, OXIDATIVE STRESS
Blood samples were collected in the morning after 12 h fasting at each visit and kept in a test tube to analyze for blood lipid profiles (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C), serum biochemistry (FBG, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride), and complete blood count examinations as the following parameters: white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, platelet count (PLT), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The tests were done in the Laboratory Unit of Chiang Mai Medical Lab, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Additionally, other blood samples were allowed to clot and were spun at 1450 RCF or g force for 10 min at 4 °C. Then, the serum was transferred into dry well-labeled specimen plastic tubes and stored at −80 °C until analysis. Serum analysis was performed on a spectrophotometry (SPECTROstarNano, BMG LABTECH, Biotechnology division, Scientific Promotion Ltd., Ortenberg, Germany) analyzer to study a change of oxidative stress status, an inflammation marker, lipid metabolism enzymes, and MCP-1 parameter. The oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were used to evaluate the oxidative stress status. The lipid peroxidation level, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), was investigated using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method according to Bhutia et al. [Inflammatory markers, including interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits using paired antibodies (SigmaThe levels of total bile acid (TBA), adiponectin, apolipoprotein E (APOE), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were also evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits with the intra- and interassay coefficient of variations (CVs) <12%, <10%, <10%, and <10%, respectively. (Elabscience