2.2. Treatments
When attending each of the four testing visits, participants were given one of four beverages (labelled A, B, C, D) via random allocation according to a counterbalancing order (Latin square) that was generated by computer. Specifically, participants were block randomized to one of eight possible treatment orders (ABCD, ADCB, BADC, BDCA, CADB, CBAD, DABC, DCBA); participants who replaced a discontinued participant were allocated to the same treatment order as the participant they replaced. The bottles contained 10 oz and were identified only by their letter indicator.The beverages were matched for colour, aroma, and taste, with a cherry flavour being selected to mask any differences in taste that may have been apparent. The placebo beverage, sweetened with sucralose (0.03%), contained no active ingredients. The treatment beverages contained the placebo drink as a base, along with either 100 mg coffeeberry extract, 300 mg coffeeberry extract, or 75 mg caffeine acting as a positive control due to being an established psychostimulant. The coffeeberry extract was standardized to 40% chlorogenic acid (CognatiQ