Subjects
hearing system disease, fatigue, disability of the lower or upper extremities, pain, infection, cardiac system disease, chronic disease
INFECTION, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASE, CHRONIC DISEASE
In this study, 106 volunteer healthy individuals between the ages of 18–35 participated in the laboratory of Sinop University, Türkeli Vocational School. Inclusion criteria for the study are (1) being healthy between the ages of 18–35, (2) volunteering to participate in the study, (3) signing a voluntary consent form, and (4) being in the inactive category according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Exclusion criteria from the study are (1) having regular sports habits, (2) being pregnant or suspected of pregnancy, (3) disability of the lower or upper extremities, (4) acute wound or infection in the ear, (5) those who are in the very minimally active or active category according to the International Physical Activity questionnaire, (6) presence of any chronic disease and drug use for this condition, (7) current history of respiratory system disease, and receiving treatment, (8) existing cardiac system disease history and receiving treatment, and (9) existing hearing system disease history and receiving treatment.After informing the participants in detail about the procedure to be applied, an international physical activity questionnaire was first applied to the volunteers who signed the consent form (Van Poppel et al., Gender, age, height, weight, and body mass index of the participants who met the inclusion criteria were recorded and randomly divided into three groups. The groups are unilateral stimulation (US) group (The study was carried out at Sinop University for 4 days, in a quiet laboratory environment between 10.00 and 12.00, with the room temperature fixed at 25 ± 2°C 1 h before. Participants were limited to alcohol and caffeine intake at least 24 h beforehand. The preovulation period was questioned and applied to the female participants.A 4‐day protocol was applied in the study. All subjects had their pain, fatigue, pulse, and blood pressure measured before the application on every 4 protocol days. Autonomic nervous system and lactic acid levels were measured only in three evaluation stages on Day 1 and in the first evaluation stage on Day 2. The bicycle ergometer test was performed after the 1st evaluation phase of each day.After the first evaluation in the study protocol was completed, participants in all groups performed cycling exercise against 25 W resistance for 30 min. After the exercise, the distance covered was noted, and a second daily evaluation was made. After the evaluation, the participants received noninvasive ear VNS for 20 min according to their randomization groups. After the application, the measurement was repeated, and the daily protocol was terminated (Figure Protocol of the study.Consort diagram.