3.3. Primary and Secondary Outcomes
swelling, blood loss, periprosthetic joint infection, pain, ecchymosis, hematoma
BLOOD LOSS, ECCHYMOSIS, HEMATOMA, DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS, COMPLICATIONS
Among the participants, none required blood transfusions perioperatively, resulting in a transfusion rate of zero in both groups. In the Tisseel@ + TXA group, the average estimated blood loss was 0.463 ± 0.2422 L, which was comparable to the TXA group’s value of 0.455 ± 0.2522 L (The assessment of perioperative wound conditions, from immediately after the surgery to six weeks post-operation, included evaluating ecchymosis, swelling caused by hematoma, wound-healing issues, and isolated occurrences of periprosthetic joint infection. The incidence of these conditions was found to be comparable between the studied groups. No patient in either group required a return to the operating theater due to any potential complications until two years postoperatively. A single patient experienced calf swelling with minimal pain at the 2-week postoperative follow-up, suspected to be deep-vein thrombosis. However, the patient declined aggressive management, even after duplex ultrasonography confirmation. Fortunately, the symptoms and signs had significantly improved at the 6-week follow-up, with no further complications (The effect size, as indicated by Cohen’s d, for the estimated total blood loss was 0.032382, while the effect size for calculated blood was 0.094433. Both of these findings suggest a small effect (