Discussion
depression, anxiety
Although the SPARK Resilience programme has been evaluated in quantitative studies using adolescent samples [The quantitative findings that we observed are in line with those obtained in previous studies. Pluess and colleagues [The effects that we observed in the present study are not only statistically significant but also stronger in magnitude compared to the previous studies of the SPARK Resilience Programme with The findings concerning individual differences in the intervention outcomes suggest that SPARK resilience training was more effective at reducing stress and negative affect for older adults. (An investigation of the scatterplots suggested a linear association of the intervention effectiveness with age; unfortunately, the sample was too small to allow sufficient power for a statistical analysis of the differences across age groups). On the one hand, this finding could be explained by the fact that the health risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are vastly different across age groups, given that existing meta-analyses indicate stronger effects of resilience interventions in populations at higher risk [The data showing high participant adherence and satisfaction indicate that the intervention was extremely well received, corroborating the principal study outcomes. This result could also be explained by the pandemic context: after all, the study was conducted during the very early period of lockdown, which was first introduced in France on March 17. Based on data from a representative French sample, March and April 2020 were characterized by higher levels of negative affective experiences, such as anxiety, loneliness, boredom, and depression, compared to subsequent months (see the data visualisation tool presented by Leander and colleagues [The qualitative data extend the quantitative results by shedding light on the specific benefits and areas of improvement resulting from the SPARK intervention in the pandemic context. Some of the emerging themes, such as awareness of cognition-emotion interactions, development of the repertoire of emotion regulation strategies, as well as strengthened positive relationships, are generally consistent with the previous qualitative findings in an adolescent sample [