2.1. Study Design and Participants
Diabetes
WEST, DIABETES
The triple-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted at the West German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf, Germany. Volunteers were recruited by newspaper report. Eligible participants were 18–69 years old, with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/mA three-stage procedure was followed to identify breads differing in the glucose and insulin response elicited: in the first pre-test volunteers meeting the entry criteria for the subsequent randomised controlled trial were equipped with a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system (FreeStyle Libre, Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA). After an overnight fast participants consumed 50 g of different breads (