Inclusion and exclusion criteria
GERD, asthma or gastroesophageal reflux disease
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
The study included 100 patients classified as physical status I and II according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification. The patients were between 18 and 45 years old, of both sexes and admitted for emergency open appendectomy. Patients who refused to participate, those who had received preoperative steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, individuals showing signs, symptoms, or physical findings of difficult intubation, smokers, patients with asthma or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and those with an active or recent history of upper or lower respiratory tract infection were excluded. Additionally, patients undergoing operations lasting more than 90 minutes, requiring more than two attempts for intubation, receiving intraoperative steroids, or requiring a nasogastric tube were excluded from the study.