Introduction
TNF-α, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, cancer, inflammation, leukemia, ALL
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CHILDHOOD CANCER, CANCER, INFLAMMATION, LEUKEMIA, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA, SECONDARY, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, accounting for almost one-third of all childhood cancers worldwide, with an incidence of 20-35 per million children under 15 years (Different authors have found associations between android fat (abdominal fat located around the trunk of the body) and gynoid fat (gluteal-femoral fat deposited around the hips and thighs) and/or the android/gynoid ratio (A/GR) and different risk factors for cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents (Different studies have shown that patients with ALL presents a proinflammatory state at the time of diagnosis and during and after chemotherapy for up to 5 years after the start of treatment, characterized by increased levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) (On the other hand, several studies suggest that dietary supplementation with ω3-LCPUFAs, such as DHA and EPA, can be beneficial for cancer treatment, as it decreases metabolic risk; modulates several aspects of the inflammatory response; decreases inflammatory markers, plasma levels of TGs and LDL-C; and increases HDL-C (However, to our knowledge, there are no randomized controlled clinical trials comparing the direct changes in the lipid profile and inflammation markers induced by ω3-LCPUFA supplementation and assessing adherence to treatment by gas chromatography (gold standard) in ALL patients.Therefore, we present results from a secondary analysis of data obtained in a randomized clinical trial that was previously conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation with ω3-LCPUFAs on body composition in children with leukemia (under review).The aim of the present analysis was to examine the effect of supplementation with ω3-LCPUFAs on several cardiometabolic factors in children undergoing treatment for ALL with the hypothesis that ω3-LCPUFAs reduce inflammatory cytokine and TGs levels and increase HDL-C in these patients.