Computer-based materials
SD
The apparatus consisted of an Acer aspire E15 Laptop (Taipei, Taiwan) placed at a distance of 30 cm from the viewing participant (with a 45° viewing angle). Three versions from the learning content were developed depending on whether corresponding temporal changes were provided explicitly (i.e., video) or not (i.e., static pictures and enriched static-pictures).The video version was produced with a camera (using Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 SM-T211) placed above the ground from the middle of the field in an elevated position (approximately 2.5 m high). Each playing system was executed by three expert players (mean age = 21.7 years, SD = 1.26). The recorded videos were transferred (via a USB connector) and saved onto the computer. Additionally, they were resized to 820 × 972 pixels using Apowersoft Video Converter Studio software (version 4.8.4, Wangxu Technology, Hong Kong , For both static-presentation versions, three key frames derived from the video were selected by the same experts who initially designed the game situations. The sizes of Photographs were also 820 × 972 pixels, and they were displayed simultaneously in one row. Photographs were captured using FastStone Capture 6.7 software (Barcelona, Spain). The only difference between the two static presentations was that actions of play were indicated by yellow numbered arrow-symbols (using Microsoft Paint) in the version of enriched-static-pictures (see Fig. The simultaneous presentation of static pictures (top) and enriched static-pictures (bottom) showing the three key-steps of the two designed basketball-playing systems.Note that all the computer-based materials (i.e., video and the two static presentations) were delivered as Microsoft PowerPoint presentations and lasted 8 s before vanishing from the screen. Moreover, the three instructional conditions were system‐paced and purely visual to ovoid the potential benefits of interactivity