Outcomes
bradycardia, tachycardia, hypoxia, pain, hypotension, hypertension, nerve block
ADVERSE EVENTS, HYPOXIA, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, HYPERTENSION
Primary outcome was the success rate of procedure sedation, which met with the five criteria simultaneously during the nerve block: (1) MOAA/S score ≤ 4; (2) no unintended body movements which interfered with manipulation of nerve block; (3) no complaint of moderate or severe pain; (4) no requirement for rescue sedation or analgesic medication; and (5) increment of blood pressure and heart rate within 20% baseline value.Secondary outcomes included the following items: (1) the onset time of sedation (the time interval from initial administration of trial drugs to MOAA/S score ≤ 4); (2) the worst pain score during the block; (3) time consumption of the nerve block (from puncture of skin to withdraw the needle); (4) percentage of using rescued drugs; (5) recovery time (the time interval from last dose of sedatives to MOAA/S score = 5); (6) satisfaction score of sedation from patients and anesthesiologists, assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS, a continuous scale ranged from 0 to 100, where 0 = extremely dissatisfied and 100 = very satisfied) at 30 min after initially administrating trial drugs; (7) BIS, HR, MAP values every 1 min within the first 5 min after administrating trial drugs and then every 5 min thereafter up to 30 min.Safety outcomes were monitored from administration of trial drugs to 30 min later. Trial-related adverse events included: hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg), hypertension (SBP > 180 mmHg), bradycardia (HR < 50 beats per minute), tachycardia (HR > 100 beats per minute); respiratory depression (RR < 10 rates per minute), hypoxia (SpO