Sampling procedures
From January 2020 to January 2021, we recruited 55 incarcerated men with HIV from six all‐male jail and prison facilities in Jakarta, Indonesia representing differing security levels, population sizes and inmate characteristics. Prison medical staff introduced the study to HIV‐positive inmates using a project‐prepared script before or after their regularly scheduled clinic visits. Those inmates who indicated possible interest in participating were invited to meet privately with a research team member for screening and to learn more about the study prior to being asked to give informed consent.To participate in the study, men had to be 18 years of age or older (by prison regulations), HIV positive (confirmed by HIV rapid test at enrolment), self‐reported as sexually active and/or injecting drugs during the year before incarceration, incarcerated within the last 3 years and more than 6 months away from their release date. Of the 241 inmates who were screened for possible participation, 175 were excluded from the study for having met one or more of its exclusion criteria. Of the 66 eligible inmates, 11 (15%) declined to participate due to feeling anxious or undecided about notifying partners (