Statistical analysis
ESPB, pain
REGRESSION, SECONDARY
The sample size was calculated using PASS Software version 15 for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test to detect differences in sufentanil consumption during the first 24 h postoperatively among the three groups. Based on an unpublished preliminary study conducted at the institution, the mean (standard deviation) sufentanil consumption in the ESPB group, SAPB group, and control group was estimated to be 41 (12), 44 (16), and 55 (22), respectively. With a statistical power of 80% and a significance level (α) of 0.05, a minimum of 44 patients per group was calculated. Accounting for a 10% dropout rate, the planned total sample size was 150 patients, with 50 subjects allocated to each group.Intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses were performed to assess the effect of the intervention on all participants. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 15.0 software. Linear regression with robust standard errors adjusted for surgical doctors was used to analyze the primary endpoint. For the analysis of secondary endpoints related to pain, linear regression and logistic regression models were employed, adjusting for preoperative pain, age, BMI, and history of smoking [