Anesthesia application
skin pain
BLOOD, LOCAL INFILTRATION
Thirty minutes after completion of the block, the patient was repositioned in the healthy side-lying position, with the affected side facing upward, and spinal anesthesia was performed at the L3-4 interspace. Upon penetration of the spinal anesthesia puncture needle into the arachnoid and subsequent cerebrospinal fluid outflow, 2.5-3.0 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was slowly administered to maintain the sensory block level at T10. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were maintained within 20% of the basal value during the operation.In both groups, local infiltration anesthesia with 10 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine was performed at the incision site before the conclusion of the surgery. Neither the PENG block nor the FICB provided a complete blockade of the surgical incision area. Therefore, a local infiltration block was performed in both groups before suturing the skin to ensure uniform analgesia in the incision area and eliminate confounding factors associated with superficial skin pain.The same orthopedic team performed the surgical procedures, who had completed approximately 40 PENG/FICB block cases before enrolling patients. Perioperative observation parameters were assessed and recorded by the same anesthesiologist who was not involved in the study.