Background
critically ill
CRITICALLY ILL
Mortality has traditionally been the primary outcome in most randomised clinical trials (RCTs) in critically ill patients [However, using, analysing, and reporting DAWOLS, DAOH, and similar outcomes come with challenges compared to those for mortality [In this manuscript, we provide an overview of important conceptual and methodological considerations when using DAWOLS, DAOH, and similar outcomes, including the advantages and disadvantages of different choices, aimed at clinical researchers planning and conducting RCTs using these outcomes. In addition, we discuss different regression-based statistical approaches for analysing these outcomes along with a worked example comparing different models in a real trial dataset.