Results
Concentric biceps brachii sEMG
Comparisons of sEMG amplitude across conditions for the deltoid, biceps and brachioradialis are presented in Figs. sEMG amplitudes for the deltoid presented across conditions and summarized across repetitions. Circles represent means and error bars represent ± one standard error calculated from bootstrap samples. sEMG amplitudes for the biceps brachii presented across conditions and summarized across repetitions. Circles represent means and error bars represent ± one standard error calculated from bootstrap samples. sEMG amplitudes for the brachioradialis presented across conditions and summarized across repetitions. Circles represent means and error bars represent ± one standard error calculated from bootstrap samples. Analysis across all plots shows greater %MVIC during the concentric phase with values influenced by joint angle. Increases followed by plateaus were identified for the deltoid as joint angles progressed from 30 to 110°, whereas inverted-V shapes were identified for the biceps and brachioradialis.Results from the mixed effects autoregressive models comparing conditions are presented in Table Parameter estimates and probabilities from mixed effects autoregressive models describing differences between conditions.CrI: Credible interval. Ar(1): Autoregressive estimate. Concentric biceps brachii sEMG amplitude was relatively similar between conditions, with any observed differences across joint angles likely trivial (Table Evidence was observed for greater concentric (