DISCUSSION
calculus, PD, tooth
PLAQUE, CAVITY, DENTAL PLAQUE
Plaque accumulates on non‐shedding tissues in the oral cavity, and within 2 weeks of its formation, minerals from the saliva and crevicular fluid precipitate in the dental plaque and form calculus (Akcalı & Lang, In general, the periodontal parameters BOP, PI, and PD all went down in the first month of the study. One might explain the results due to the patient's awareness of taking part in the study, known as the Hawthorne effect, (Adair et al., While imageJ software is used in many assessments of laboratory methods, according to our knowledge, this is the first time using a digital method to measure the amount of calculus accumulation. Although several manual calculations of calculus accumulation are optional; the Volpe‐Manhold calculus index, (Barnett et al., The results of this study provide evidence for the unique technological feature of the use of electromagnetic fields that utilize RF energy that streams onto the tooth surface during brushing. Since the introduction of power toothbrushes in the early 1960s, they have undergone many technological advances in design and bristle motion, including rotation, oscillation, and sonic vibration. Powered toothbrushes can be categorized as mechanical, sonic, or ionic (Penick, The improved and increased efficacy of the RF toothbrush might be explained due to its technological feature, where the electromagnetic field changes local charges around the tooth, disturbing the electro‐chemical balance of the tooth surface and thus theoretically removing calculus. Utilizing RF energy, an alternating electrical current that streams back and forth between two electrodes, providing a localized effect that is limited to the surface of the teeth. The high frequency of the alternating current allows it to safely increase the electrical power, hence achieving more significant results. Furthermore, the RF alternating current streams close to the tooth, bringing the charged molecules that are present in the toothpaste close to the tooth surface, eventually changing the chemical environment around it.It is not quite clear if the participants in Milleman et al. (While we did not assess the effect of RF toothbrushes on teeth whitening and removal of stains, three studies, Milleman et al. (Crowded anterior teeth were included in the assessment and were not an exclusion criterion. It should be taken into consideration that they are harder to maintain and thus accumulate calculus more easily.The single clinical significance was of the buccal aspect at 1 month. Nevertheless. both groups showed an improvement in calculus accumulation. This can be attributed to the novelty effect that may be influencing these early results.Additional research is necessary to affirm the effectiveness of the RF toothbrush and its comparative advantage in preventing calculus formation and accumulation of overpowered or manual toothbrushes. While our study juxtaposed the use of the same toothbrush with and without RF, subsequent studies should incorporate two further comparative groups: manual and powered toothbrushes.