Background
Laparoscopic surgery has developed into a mainstream surgical approach in the field of urology in recent years [Perioperative stress may induce the release of stress hormones and inflammatory factors in large amounts and consequently activate the systemic inflammatory cascade in surgical patients, thereby affecting the postoperative recovery process [Index of consciousness (IoC) monitoring (Angel-6000 A Multi-parameter Anesthesia Monitor, Shenzhen Weihao Kang Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangdong, China) is a novel technique based on EEG analysis for monitoring anesthesia depth. It is divided into IoC