RESULTS
HFI
REGRESSION
In total, 1698 infants from 141 clusters were eligible for enrolment into the control arm of the trial. Parental consent was obtained for 1511 infants (90.0%). Data were available on any outcome variable for 1467 infants (Supporting Information: Figure Household, parental and infant baseline characteristics of infants enroled in a longitudinal observational study nested within a trial providing a 6‐month protein intervention in rural Bangladesh (Abbreviations: HFI, household food insecurity; LAZ, length‐for‐age LSI calculated based on household assets and dwelling characteristics using principal components analysis; HFI estimated using a nine‐item questionnaire collapsed into an index with possible scores ranging from 9 to 36 and categorised as none (HFI = 9), mild (HFI > 9 to HFI < 16) and severe (HFI ≥ 16);Most households owned at least one animal: 75.2% owned poultry, 67.1% owned dairy‐producing animals and 86.7% owned animals typically raised for their meat (Table Household production and utilisation of animal products in the last 30 days, by household animal and fishpond ownership, in a longitudinal observational study nested within a trial providing a 6‐month protein intervention to infants in rural Bangladesh (Poultry include chickens and ducks; dairy‐producing animals include cows, water buffalo, goats and sheep; meat‐producing animals include poultry, cows, water buffalo, goats and sheep. For meat‐producing animals, the amount produced is the number of animals owned; the amount sold is expressed in the number of animals because they are typically sold live; the amount consumed is expressed in meat (kg) because they are typically slaughtered for home consumption.Overall, infant consumption of ASF was low and increased with age (Table Frequency of animal source food consumption in the last 7 days among infants enroled in a longitudinal observational study nested within a trial providing a 6‐month protein intervention in rural Bangladesh, by age (Eggs include chicken and duck eggs; dairy includes animal milk and yogurt; meat includes flesh meat and liver from poultry, cattle and goats/sheep; fish includes fresh and dried fish.In adjusted analyses, compared with infants in households without poultry, those with medium (4–10 poultry) and high (≥11 poultry) levels of ownership consumed eggs 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1, 1.6) and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3, 2.0) times more, respectively, in the last 7 days. Compared with those without dairy‐producing animals, those with medium (2–3 dairy‐producing animals) and high (≥4 dairy‐producing animals) levels of ownership consumed dairy 1.9 (95% CI: 1.3, 2.7) and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.3, 3.1) times more, respectively; and compared with those without meat‐producing animals, those with a high level of ownership (≥12 meat‐producing animals) consumed meat 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.8) times more. It was not certain whether there was an association between household fishpond ownership and infant fish intake (Table Associations between household animal and fishpond ownership and animal source food consumption were observed among infants at three timepoints (6, 9 and 12 months of age) who were enroled in a longitudinal observational study nested within a 6‐month protein supplementation trial in rural Bangladesh (Abbreviation: IRR, incidence rate ratio.Negative binomial regression models with random intercepts specified for infant and cluster were used to assess associations following multiple imputations with chained equations (


Associations between household animal and fishpond ownership and animal source food consumption among infants at three timepoints (6, 9 and 12 months of age) who were enroled in a longitudinal observational study nested within a trial providing a 6‐month protein intervention in rural Bangladesh, stratified by maternal decision‐making power (Abbreviations: IRR, incidence rate ratio; IRR/IRR, ratio of incidence rate ratios.Negative binomial regression models with random intercepts for infant and cluster were specified following multiple imputations with chained equations (


