5.3. Participants
stroke, spasticity, pain
STROKE
The study recruited individuals who had significant spasticity in their upper limbs following a stroke. Inclusion criteria for the study included being 19 years of age or older, having experienced a stroke at least 24 weeks prior, demonstrating a minimum of 2 points of spasticity in the wrist flexors as measured on the MAS, showing at least 1 point of spasticity in one or more elbow flexors or finger flexors on the MAS, and reporting a rating of 2 or higher on the Disability Assessment Scale (DAS) for a specific functional disability item such as hygiene, dressing, limb position, or pain [