2.5. Intervention and Random Assignment
INSULIN SENSITIVITY
Following screening participants were randomly assigned to either the carnosine group, in which they were instructed to orally consume four capsules of carnosine daily (CarnoPure, Flamma S.p.A, Italy), or the placebo group, in which they received an equivalent number of identical placebo capsules (two capsules of 500 mg twice daily). The purity of carnosine was greater than 99.5% and it was fully synthetic, odorless, and crystalline. The dose of 2 g per day was based on the previous human trials pilot data on insulin sensitivity and secretion [