Background
Obesity, obesity, eating behaviors, non-obese, diabetes
OBESITY, OBESITY, OBESE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES, HYPERTENSION, DYSLIPIDEMIA
Obesity is a well-established risk factor for many lifestyle-related conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease [Recently, the importance of mastication has received increasing research attention. Eating speed, number of chews, and other eating behaviors and habits are also associated with obesity. Traditionally and supported by numerous studies, “fast eating,” with fewer chews and shorter meal duration, is one of the factors contributing to obesity. For example, college students who eat quickly are 4.4 times more likely to become obese, and men have a 2.8-fold higher risk of developing obesity than women [Li et al. compared the masticatory behavior of lean male patients with obesity. The obese group exhibited a significantly lower number of chews per gram of food and a higher rate of ingestion and energy intake per gram of food [We have previously conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the relationship between mastication characteristics and obesity indices in patients with obesity. This relationship was established by comparing the number of chews and chewing duration for each food item in the obese and non-obese groups using a device with optical sensors plugged into the external auditory canal for measurement [In this study, we aimed to conduct a 6-month instructional mastication intervention in female patients with obesity and examine its effects on their body composition and biochemical indices.