Introduction
gingivitis, tooth
PERIODONTAL DISEASE, DENTAL CARIES, GINGIVITIS, PLAQUE
Periodontal disease and dental caries are major public health challenges that contribute significantly to the global burden of oral disease [Both mechanical and chemical methods are used to control plaque [Of the individual factors, the presence of a fixed orthodontic appliance on tooth surfaces, such as brackets and bands, creates difficulties in maintaining good oral hygiene, resulting in the build-up of plaque [Toothbrush manufacturers target innovations in the brush head design that will support non-ideal tooth brushing techniques and time. One such alteration was the change from the flat toothbrush to multilevel designs by varying the bristle length to improve reaching the interproximal areas [In non-orthodontic patients, powered brushes, especially oscillating rotating ones, outperform manual ones in terms of plaque and gingivitis reduction in both short- and long-term [