Participants
injury of the neck and/or upper extremities, allergy, pain
ALLERGY, DISEASES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Participants were screened about neck and shoulder problems by using the modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire before attending the study. The inclusion criteria were defined as follows; 1. young adults (age ranged 18–25 years), 2. right-hand dominant, 3. at least one year of experience with using a tablet, 4. normal or corrected normal vision, 5. regular use of a tablet of at least 2 hours/day, and 6. no pain in the neck and upper extremities during the past 7 days. Participants were excluded if they had any of these conditions; 1. an accident involving injury of the neck and/or upper extremities within 12 months of the study, 2. history of systematic diseases, 3. history of neurological problems, 4. history of cardiovascular diseases, 5. allergy to rubbing alcohol, and 6. unable to communicate in Thai. All participants signed an inform consent prior to enrolling in the study. The study protocol was approved by the Mahidol University Central Institutional Review Board (MU-CIRB 2021/204.2604).