Observation indexes
obesity, fasting blood glucose, PCOS, TG
OBESITY, ADVERSE EVENTS, SECONDARY, INSULIN RESISTANCE, BLOOD
General clinical data, such as height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and Ferriman-Gallwey score, were collected at baseline and post-treatment for calculating body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Information on menstrual cycles was recorded.Biochemical measurements: Plasma and serum were harvested for biochemical tests. Blood samples were collected while the participants were in a fasted state on the 3rd to 5th day of the menstrual cycle or during the follicular stage. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was measured by the glucose oxidase method, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. The fasting serum insulin (FINS) level was measured by radioimmunoassay. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin release test were conducted for all PCOS subjects. Each participant ingested 75 g glucose in 5 min, and we measured the blood insulin level before the start of the test (0 min) and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. The homeostasis model was used to evaluate the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR = FINS×FBG/22.5) and pancreatic β-cell function [HOMA-β = FINS × 20/(FBG-3.5)]. Blood lipid mass spectrometry, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), was detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Levels of testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by an IMMULITE 2000 Immunoassay System, and the LH-FSH ratio was calculated. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA-S) levels were assessed by immunoradiometric assays. All the above indicators were measured before and after treatment. Experimental normal ranges and kit suppliers are listed in Supplementary Table The primary outcomes were changes in reproductive hormone levels along with glucose and lipid metabolism associated with obesity. The secondary outcomes included anthropometric changes as well as plasma proteomics analyses related to PCOS. Throughout the study, adverse events were recorded through direct questioning, patient self-reporting, physical examination, and clinical laboratory tests.