Study design and patients
This prospective, randomized, parallel-group study was conducted at Chungbuk National University Hospital between April 2022 and June 2023. Patients aged ≥ 18 years who required diagnostic or therapeutic bronchoscopy and agreed to participate in the study were enrolled. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification ≥ 4, (2) BMI < 18.4 kg/mThe patients were randomly assigned to the midazolam or remimazolam group in a 1:1 ratio. Neither the bronchoscopists nor the patients were allowed to know which group they belonged to. Randomization was performed by respiratory nurse specialists in the bronchoscopy unit. Finally, 100 patients were enrolled, of whom 51 were randomly assigned to the midazolam group and 49 to the remimazolam group (Fig. Study population. 