Introduction
non-metastatic breast cancer
REMISSION, BREAST CANCER
In non-metastatic breast cancer, the achievement of a pathologic complete remission (pCR) with preoperative therapy has been consistently associated with better long-term outcomes[Exploiting therapeutically the interplay between angiogenesis and estrogen receptor (ER), we have shown in 2 separate clinical trials that the addition of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), to letrozole, leads to pCR rates (11–12%) comparable to preoperative chemotherapy [Endoglin (CD105) is a transmembrane accessory receptor for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) that is predominantly expressed on proliferating endothelial cells and angiogenic blood vessels [The purpose of the study was to determine the safety of combining everolimus and carotuximab with letrozole (with goserelin if premenopausal) in women with newly diagnosed stage 2 and 3 HR+/Her2− breast cancer. Secondary objectives included determination of the efficacy, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of the triple combination. The study was terminated early because the clinical development of carotuximab was halted.