Measurement of outcomes
sore throat, ’s mouth, Lehane, Tracheal injury, glottis, cord injuries, tracheal injury
SORE THROAT, COMMON COLD, TRACHEA
The Mallampati grade was assessed preoperatively by ananesthesiologist blinded to the study details. The anesthesiologist used a video laryngoscope to acquire photographs and record the images of the vocal cords during endotracheal intubation; the laryngoscopy field of view was graded using the Cormack and Lehane scoring system. The percentage of glottis exposure was recorded in the range of 0–100%. The resistance encountered by the anesthesiologist during the insertion of DLTs was categorized into four levels: no resistance, mild resistance, moderate resistance, and severe resistance. The intubation time was defined as the time between the insertion of the laryngoscope into the patient’s mouth and the removal of the laryngoscope. The following hemodynamic parameters were measured: heart rate and mean arterial pressure before intubation and 2 min after intubation.Trachea and vocal cord injuries related to DLT intubation were assessed by a blinded otorhinolaryngologist with more than 5 years of experience in using an FOB. Before removing the DLT, the otorhinolaryngologist inserted the FOB into the DLT and evaluated trachea and vocal cord injuries during extubation. Tracheal injury was assessed using the tracheal injury clinical scoring systembased on mucosal changes [POST was observed in the PACU at 1 h after the surgery and in the ward at 6 and 24 h after the surgery by a researcher blinded to group allocation. The severity of POST was assessed as follows: 0, no sore throat; 1, mild (less than that observed in common cold); 2, moderate (similar to that observed in common cold); and 3, severe (more than that observed in common cold) [