Region of interest (ROI) analysis
For region of interest (ROI) analysis, all signal extractions were taken from models containing the nuisance covariates. Using the built-in SPM12 function, the median value of the raw, unwhitened signal was extracted from all voxels within the ROI, yielding one value per participant at each scanning session. These values were entered into a linear mixed-effects model with restricted likelihood estimation was applied using the ‘lme4’ library (