Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
narcolepsy, psychiatric, sleep disorders
DISORDERS, SLEEP APNEA, NARCOLEPSY, RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME
Inclusion criteria were as follows: shift workers engaged in emergency and intensive care areas, working on a 3-shift schedule with 8-hour shifts, and a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score ≥5. Exclusion criteria were as follows: diagnosis of sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy; previous history of psychiatric disorders; and pregnancy. Participants with these diagnoses were excluded from the study so that the intervention or sleep advice would not interfere with the present medical treatment. The participants were assessed for eligibility according to self-reported past medical history or pregnancy and the PSQI test. The participants were asked if any of the exclusion criteria applied to them.