Materials and Methods
DISEASE
We analyzed the MRI data from all fifty relapsing-remitting patients enrolled in the ReBUILD trial [average age of 40.1 y ± 10 SD, 64% female, median (range) EDSS 2 (0 to 5.5), and average disease duration of 5.1 y ± 5 SD]. Demographic and clinical characteristics were previously reported in detail (At Each of the Three Time Points, a MWF Map Was Computed for ReBUILD. Study Subjects. Similarly, a MWF was generated for the three consecutive acquisitions on seven healthy subjects (see below). For MWF computation, we applied the method by Neeb and colleagues (Myelin water fraction (MWF) of the corpus callosum at baseline, 3-mo, and 5-mo visits. Blue = Group 1 (immediate treatment), Red = Group 2 (delayed treatment), and on-treatment epochs are denoted by a solid line. A significant difference in change from baseline between groups (marked by “*”) was seen at 3 mo (The study was approved by the UCSF Institutional Review Board and all participants provided informed consent. The trial was registered at 