Nutritional supplements
BLIND
Participants receiving nutritional supplementation were instructed to consume a daily dose of 15 g of the proprietary EAA-based composition (US Patent 9,597,367 B2) or 15 g of a whey protein isolate composition daily for 12 weeks. The EAA composition contained histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, tryptophan, citrulline, and carnitine (12 g total per dose) and 3 g of non-caloric flavoring.The whey protein isolate composition contained approximately 13.5 g whey protein isolate (90% protein) and 1.5 g flavoring. Products were supplied by The Amino Company, LLC, Lewes, Delaware. Subjects and investigators were blinded about which product they were taking. All product containers were coded and after all study visits were completed, the blind was broken, and all data were entered into a database.Participants were asked to maintain their normal diet and given a food diary for daily recording upon enrollment. Dietary data was analyzed using special computer software (Esha Research Inc, 4747 Skyline RD, Ste. 10, Salem, OR 97,306) and no significant differences were found between the macronutrient intake of the EAAs and whey protein groups. Dietary protein intake was an average of 0.85 ± 0.06 g protein/kg/day in the EAA group, and 0.87 ± 0.050 g in the whey group [