Standardized meal
After 12 hours of fasting, a standardized liquid meal (UP&GO™, Sanitarium, Australia) was provided to each participant 60 min before the exercise. According to the manufacturer, each 100 g of the commercial liquid meal powder contains 328 kcal (carbohydrates = 61.4%, proteins = 20.8%, and lipids = 17.8%), providing each participant 4.5 kcal × body weight (kg). The content of the commercial meal complies with the recommended nutritional intake for pre-exercise calorie amount and macronutrient distribution (