Study design
flatulence, fatigue, diarrhea, bad breath, anxiety, constipation, dizziness, satiety, nausea,, headache, depression, irritability, dry mouth
ADVERSE EVENTS, DRY MOUTH
88 patients were evaluated as eligible, 26 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, 28 were excluded because they did not want to participate, and 6 were excluded for other reasons. Ultimately, only 28 were included in the study, and were assigned to either the TRF group or the CD group according to their preferences. The CD group received a high-quality low-protein diet with no restrictions on what time they could eat each day, following their daily routines. In contrast, on the basis of a high-quality low-protein diet, the TRF group adopted time-restricted feeding. Patients were required to consume three meals within 8 hours. The start time of these 8 hours was stipulated between 7:00 a.m. and noon. No calorie-containing food could be consumed during the fasting period, and only drinking water and non-caloric beverages were allowed. Meanwhile, both groups maintained conventional treatment according to the guidelines. Participants and researchers were informed of the group assignments.The research group consisted of specialized nephrologists, nurse practitioners, and nutritionists. Both groups of participants received a detailed dietary guide and daily recommended recipes at enrollment, which the researchers explained in detail. During the study period, researchers contacted participants on-line every two weeks to inquire about their diets and to offer appropriate instructions to ensure that participants followed the established dietary intake regimen as close as possible. Participants were trained to record daily diaries. In Week 6 we scheduled a face-to-face follow-up visit. We assessed patients for adverse events at Week 6 and Week 12. At the same time, we used visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (ranging from 0-10, with 0 indicating none, and a higher score indicating worse symptoms) to evaluate the discomfort symptoms, including hunger, fatigue, satiety, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, bad breath, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, weakness, irritability, unhappiness, depression, and anxiety.The primary outcome indicator was the change in eGFR. Secondary outcomes included changes in biochemistry, anthropometric parameters and gut microbiota.