Ethical considerations
The study was approved beforehand by the Institutional Review Board at our institution (OOO IRB/OOOO_OO_OO). To ensure the autonomy of participants, the study’s aims and methods were thoroughly explained prior to their participation. Participants with a low Korean-language aptitude were given the explanations in their native language through a translation/interpretation expert; the consent form was also written in their native language. Lastly, as an additional ethical consideration, after the mH-L and mH groups had completed the intervention program, the control group was also given access to the mHealth application along with an approximately fifteen-minute orientation on how to use it.