Diabetes self-management education
diabetes
DIABETES
The control group received an individually delivered educational program, provided at the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. In this program, the IP handed an educational booklet to each participant and briefly reviewed its contents in 20 min. The booklet covered principles of nutrition, exercise, emotional management, diet, diabetes medication, and the need for regular follow-ups. Next, the IP called each of the participants once a week for three consecutive weeks to answer their questions and encourage them to engage in diabetes management activities.