CONCLUSION
headache, pain
In conclusion, the mechanism of the pain response to pituitary surgery via the total endo-nasal endoscopic technique appears to be more complex than expected. Likely, several nerves and ganglia interact via a complex mechanism of neuromodulation to determine the final post-op headache intensity experienced by the patient. Simple peripheral sensory nerve supra-orbital V1 and infra-orbital V2 nerve blocks, in addition to general anesthesia, do not decrease pain exposure or 6-hour post-op morphine PCA consumption compared to general anesthesia alone.