RESULTS
postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, pain, shivering
A total of 120 eligible patients were enrolled in the study, and no patients were excluded. All enrolled patients completed the trial and were included in the analysis. The flow of patients throughout the study is presented in a Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow diagram (CONSORT flow diagram of patients in the studyAccording to demographic data for the 3 study groups, no differences were determined between groups in terms of sex, age, weight, surgery duration, and ASA physical status (p>0.05) (Demographic characteristics of study participants (n=120)The incidence of shivering after surgery was 28.2% in the ibuprofen group, 23.7% in the meperidine group, and 35.9% in the placebo group, which was not statistically significant (p=0.72).After entering the recovery room, no significant differences in shivering intensity were found between the groups (p=0.22). Similarly, the grade of shivering at all evaluation time points (5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after entering the recovery room) did not show any significant differences among the three groups (p=0.87) (Mean shivering score after surgery in the recovery roomVAS pain scores were assessed upon entering the recovery room. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups, with the meperidine group exhibiting lower pain scores (ranging from 1.88±0.93 to 3.38±2.12) compared to the ibuprofen group (ranging from 2.68±0.83 to 4.68±2.1) and placebo group (ranging from 2.98±1.6 to 5.1±2.1). In all three groups, postoperative pain intensity increased up to 15 minutes after entering the recovery room, followed by a subsequent decrease (Mean pain score after surgery in the recovery roomAt all time points, the Ramsay sedation score was consistently highest in the meperidine group and lowest in the ibuprofen group. The difference in sedation scores between the groups was not statistically significant except at the 60-minute time point (p=0.066) after recovery (Sedation score in groups at postoperative time pointsThe incidence rate of nausea was 7.5% in the ibuprofen group, 20% in the meperidine group, and 0.0% in the placebo group. This difference was significant only at the 15-minute mark after entering the recovery room (p=0.025). Four patients in the ibuprofen group (10%), 6 patients in the placebo group (15%), and 5 patients in the meperidine group (12.5%) experienced vomiting. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of vomiting among these groups (p=0.75).