2.1. Study Design and Participants
morning mean blood glucose
The Westlake n-of-1 Trials for Macronutrient Intake study (WE-MACNUTR) investigated postprandial glycemic as well as human gut microbial responses to the interventional diets with different macronutrients distributions (HC vs. LC), which had been reported previously [At the beginning of the trial, eligibility of participants was screened based on anthropometric measurements and lifestyle questionnaires, including habitual diet, physical activity, mood, sleep patterns, and medical history at baseline visit. Participants wore digital devices to measure interstitial glucose via continuous glucose monitor (CGM; Freestyle Libre, Abbott, Abbott Park, IL, USA) two days before each dietary intervention and for the entire intervention period (six days). Five glycemic metrics were analyzed to examine different traits of the pre- and postprandial glycemic homeostasis: morning mean blood glucose (morning MBG, calculated from the CGM mean glucose values between 06:00 and 07:00 a.m.), the maximum postprandial glucose (MPG), the total area under the curve from 00:00 to 24:00 of the day, (AUC