Participants
OBESE
Forty female obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/mPatients aged ≥ 20 years and women who were able to perform their daily living activities independently with a BMI of ≥ 30 kg/mThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kansai Medical University (approval no. 1647) and the Ethics Committee of Osaka Sangyo University (application no. 2016-