2.3. Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
Prior to baseline testing, a blood pressure cuff (Adcuff™, Hauppauge, NY, USA) and stethoscope (Littmann, St. Paul, MN, USA) were employed for blood pressure measures; then, pre-exercise resting heart rate (Polar monitor and watch, Lake Success, NY, USA), as well as body height (Seca stadiometer, Chino, CA, USA) and weight (Health O Meter scale, Mccook, IL, USA) were measured. Maximal heart rate (HRmax) in beats per minute (bpm) was predicted using the following formula according to Tanaka et al. [