Statistical analysis
REGRESSION
The distribution of categorical variables was evaluated using Pearson’s Chi-square test, while the distribution of continuous variables was assessed using either the Mann-Whitney U test or Student’s t-test, depending on the distribution of the data. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS 24.0 software. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV/NPV) for each method were calculated using MedCalc 19.3. The optimal cutoff values for the biopsy threshold, which balanced sensitivity and specificity, were determined using Youden’s J index (sensitivity + specificity − 1). Statistical significance was considered for all tests with a two-sided p-value less than 0.05.