2.2. Particpants
bleeding, ischemic heart disease, chronic liver disease, hyperkalemia, ulcer stenosis, hypersensitivity, esophageal gastric varices
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE, BLEEDING, RENAL IMPAIRMENT, LUMBAR SPINAL STENOSIS, ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING, CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE, ESOPHAGEAL STENOSIS, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, COAGULATION DISORDER, MALIGNANT TUMOR, HEART, BARRETT ESOPHAGUS, HYPERSENSITIVITY, CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, PEPTIC ULCER, GASTRIC/DUODENAL
The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients aged ≤80 years who voluntarily agreed to participate and who were taking nonselective NSAIDs continuously due to lumbar spinal stenosis. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients with a previous diagnosis of esophageal stenosis, ulcer stenosis, esophageal gastric varices, Barrett esophagus, active peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, or malignant tumor; (2) patients with hypersensitivity to the test drug or any component of the test drug or any drug of the same class; (3) patients who used H2 receptor antagonists, prostaglandin drugs, mucosal protection agents, or prokinetics within the previous 4 weeks; (4) patients who used of any type of NSAID, including aspirin, steroids, or anticoagulants; (5) patients with congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class II–IV) or established ischemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, or cerebrovascular disease; (6) patients with hyperkalemia; (7) patients with a presence of a bleeding or coagulation disorder; (8) patients with chronic liver disease or renal impairment; (9) patients with a history of gastric acid secretion suppression surgery or gastric/duodenal surgery; and (10) patients who were deemed unfit for participation in this clinical trial by the researcher.