Study design
HOA, astigmatism, glaucoma, SE, cataracts, corneal epithelial defects, trauma
CATARACTS, ASTIGMATISM, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, DRY EYE, LENS, RETINAL DETACHMENT, GLAUCOMA, CORNEAL DISEASES, REFRACTIVE ERROR, DISEASES, INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
This nonrandomized open-label controlled study enrolled patients who underwent small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) procedures between July 2021 and April 2022 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). The participants were sequentially allocated to MCG and control groups. The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was supervised by the institutional review board at PUMCH. Signed informed consent was obtained from all patients.Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age between 18 and 40 years; (2) stable refractive error (≤ 0.5 D change of refractive error) in the past 1 year; (3) spherical equivalent (SE) between -2.50 D and -20.00 D; (4) astigmatism up to -5.00 D; (5) logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (LogMAR) of BCVA of 0.1 or better; (6) clear crystalline lens.Exclusion criteria included current or history of severe ophthalmic diseases including corneal diseases, cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, neuro-ophthalmic diseases, trauma, ocular surgery, and diagnosed autoimmune diseases. Patients with severe preoperative dry eye, defined as prominent desiccation before surgery, a fluorescein TBUT < 2 s, and/or corneal epithelial defects in 2 quadrants or more and/or fluorescein staining ≥ 30, were excluded from the study [All participants underwent complete preoperative ophthalmic examinations, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest and cycloplegic refraction by autorefractometery (RM-800, Topcon, Japan), standard slit-lamp biomicroscopy and funduscopic examinations, gonioscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP) by a non-contact tonometer (Canon, Japan), and corneal topography (Canon, Japan). The participants underwent routine follow-ups at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively, with examinations including BCVA, manifest refraction, standard slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and IOP measurement. OSDI, DED evaluation, and HOA examinations were performed at the preoperative examination and each follow-up session. Participants unable to complete preoperative examinations or more than 1 follow-up examinations were excluded from the analyses.