Study Population and Intervention
coin toss
SECONDARY
The sample included all 4407 youths who participated in the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a community randomized trial of the CTC prevention system beginning in 2003. This was a secondary analysis of the trial data through 2011. CYDS was powered to detect differences in youth risk and protective factors equivalent to an effect size of 0.25. It included 24 communities across 7 states (Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Oregon, Utah, and Washington) whose mayors, city managers, school superintendents, and lead law enforcement officers agreed to participate in the study. Communities were rural incorporated towns with distinct geographic boundaries and governmental, educational, and law enforcement structures, with population sizes ranging from 1500 to 50 000 residents. The 24 communities were matched within state into 12 pairs (2-4 communities per state, yielding 1-2 pairs per state). Communities within each state that collectively had the closest values on population size, racial and ethnic diversity, economic factors, and crime rates were paired. Randomization of 1 member of each matched pair into the intervention condition and the other into the control condition occurred by coin toss (