General anesthesia and surgical technique
MINOR, DECUBITUS
All patients received oral celecoxib 300 mg, twice a day in the first three days before surgery. Patients were monitored using an electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry and invasive blood pressure during the surgery. General anesthetic induction was conducted with sufentanil 0.5 µg·kgThe patient was placed in the lateral decubitus position, and the same anesthesiologist performed ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block with ropivacaine prior to skin incision. Standard three-hole thoracoscopic surgery was performed. The observation hole was the 7th or 8th intercostal in the midaxillary line, with a length of about 1 cm; the main operating hole was the 4th or 5th intercostal in the anterior axillary line, with a length of about 3 cm; and the minor operating hole was the 8th or 9th intercostal in the subscapular angle line. After the operation, a thoracic drainage tube was placed in the observation hole.