Statistical analysis
The data from the summative evaluation were analyzed using SPSS22. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were utilized to summarize the data. Inferential statistics, including independent samples t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square test, were employed to examine relationships and differences within the data. To determine whether the data followed a normal distribution, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was conducted. The significance level for the statistical tests was set at ≤ 0.05.