Measurement
Exit surveys, which included a question about job satisfaction, were launched 1 to 12 weeks (varying by institution) following the 18-month intervention. Thereafter, clinicians received up to 3 reminders to complete their survey by the end of 8 weeks; completion times were the same between clinicians who did and did not receive social norm feedback because randomization was stratified by institution. Responses to the following statement were measured on a 5-point Likert scale: “Overall, I am satisfied with my current job.” Responses ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).