2.3. Survey Research—Mental State
ideation, guilt, anxiety, psychomotor retardation, daytime sleepiness, agitation, insomnia, Insomnia, depressive symptoms, depression, Depression
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a self-assessment questionnaire, was used to assess the occurrence and severity of depressive symptoms. The total score ranges from 0 to 63 points, with the higher the score, the higher the severity of depressive symptoms. ≥12 points were considered as the presence of depressive symptoms [The Athenian Insomnia Scale is a scale consisting of 8 items that assess falling asleep, waking up at night and in the morning, total sleep time, sleep quality, well-being, psychophysical fitness, and daytime sleepiness. The total score ranged from 0 to 24 points, with a higher score representing poorer sleep quality. A score of ≥6 points was considered insomnia [The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was administered by an experienced psychiatrist. A 21-item version was used in the study, including items on guilt, suicidal ideation, circadian rhythm disturbances, agitation, anxiety, somatic symptoms, and psychomotor retardation. Responses are scored on a scale of 0–4 and 0–2. A score of ≥7 points indicates the presence of depression [