Introduction
stroke
HYPERTROPHIC, STROKE
The preventive and rehabilitative effects of physical exercise have generally been well-studiedThe cellular response to ST is widely acknowledged, as are the associated hypertrophic effects of skeletal muscleNot conclusively clarified and unlike endurance training, the acute hemodynamic adaptations (stroke volume and cardiac output) of strength exercises have rarely been describedHowever, strength training protocols differ with respect to working-muscle groups, modality (dynamic vs. isometric, body weight vs. device-supported), duration, and intensity. Whereby, the intensity and cumulative volume of strength training protocols exert a decisive influence on muscular adaptationsAlthough strength training has grown increasingly popular in recent decades and regular strength training’s long-term effects have been widely documentedThe aim of this randomized crossover study was, therefore, to investigate hemodynamic cardiopulmonary responses (stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac work, end-expiratory gas concentrations) during and after strength training with different intensities (50%, 62.5%, and 75% of the 3-Repetition Maximum; 3-RM). Based on the known long-term effects of exercise training, we expect the strongest cardiopulmonary and vascular peripheral responses at 75% of the maximum load.