Statistical analysis
Our sample size was calculated based on the length of hospital stay using PASS 15.0 software (NCSS, LLC. Kaysville, Utah). According to the findings of our previous meta-analysis [All analyses were performed in a modified intention-to- treat population, which included all patients who had undergone both randomization and anesthesia with advanced hemodynamic monitoring for eligible surgery. Continuous data were presented as mean with standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile ranges (IQR) and binomial data as absolute number (percentage). All data were tested for normality and normal variances and parametric or non-parametric tests were used as appropriate. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze binomial data. Student t-test or Manne Whitney U-test was used to analyze continuous data as appropriate. Neither multivariable analyses to adjust for preoperative risk nor preplanned subgroup analyses were planned or performed in this study. All tests were two-tailed, and a value of 