Patients
allergy, hepatic, renal, or cardiorespiratory failure
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES, ALLERGY, COMPLICATIONS, COAGULOPATHY
This prospective study included a total of 120 patients who were scheduled for elective TKA and were enrolled at the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from October 2022 to December 2022. Study approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (number: 2022-K023) and the PODCAST trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT05533970 on 09/09/2022. Patients and their family members were informed about the treatment and signed a consent form. The trial was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.The inclusion criteria for participants in this study were as follows: patients aged between 18 and 65 years, patients with an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score of I, II, or III, and a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 18 to 38 kg/m2. The primary exclusion criteria included the presence of cerebrovascular diseases, coagulopathy, complications related to mental illness, hepatic, renal, or cardiorespiratory failure, allergy to local anesthetics, and pregnancy.