Procedures
VF, Glaucoma
REFRACTIVE ERROR, GLAUCOMA
Ophthalmic and medical history were obtained in all patients. Visual acuity testing, IOP measurements over 24 h, automated VF testing [Humphrey Field Analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) SITA Standard 24-2], gonioscopy, slit lamp examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), optic disc imaging (Model 5000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, USA), refractive error assessment, central corneal thickness (CCT) determination, and fundus imaging were acquired at baseline. To analyze the 24-h IOP curves, the patients were hospitalized in the morning (~ 9 am). IOP was acquired at 7:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00, 22:00, 2:00 and 5:00. At each time point, IOP was measured three times in the sitting position with a calibrated Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). The mean value was used for analysis in this study. For nocturnal IOP measurements, patients were gently awakened and asked to walk 5–30 m for the examination. One certified ophthalmic technician (W.W.), masked to the treatment regimens, performed all IOP measurements using the same tonometer on each patient at all visits. Eye-specific target IOP was set for each subject based on a percentage reduction from the untreated baseline IOP and an absolute threshold according to the Asia Pacific Glaucoma Guidelines