2.2. Clinical Measurement, Radiological Assessment, and Pre-Surgical Procedures
postoperative pain
HAND SWELLING
A preoperative clinical examination was carried out before the procedure. Study casts were prepared with dental stones for all the treated cases to plan the surgical procedure and estimate the amount of augmentation required.The clinical ridge height and width were measured preoperatively using a University of North Carolina 15* (UNC-15) periodontal probe. Radiographic measurements (were performed using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Newtom CBCT 3D imaging software (NNT Viewer). The gingival thickness was measured with an endodontic file.During the procedure, patients were requested to rate their degree of discomfort, postoperative pain, and swelling using a visual analog scale ranging from none (0) to severe (10).All clinical measurements were recorded at baseline, three months, and six months after the procedure by a single, blinded, qualified investigator. Radiological measurements were performed by a blinded oral and maxillofacial radiologist preoperatively, as well as three months and six months postoperatively. Ridge width was measured at 10.5 mm above the inferior alveolar canal in the coronal plain, and bone density was measured in HU. Scaling and root planning were performed for all patients two weeks before the procedure.