Study Design, Participants and Ethics
The ECHO Trial (clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT02550067) randomized 7829 HIV-seronegative women to either DMPA-IM, Cu-IUD or LNG implant, from December 2015 through September 2017 [This research was implemented in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice. Institutional review boards at FHI 360, the University of Washington and each clinical site approved the study protocol and women provided written informed consent for future research on their biological samples.