Combined low and high cash treatment effect
Our pre-registered hypothesis was that the average vaccination rates for those in the cash treatments (low and high) would be higher than those in the placebo and higher than those in the health message treatments.Vaccine intentions were positively affected by the cash treatment. Individuals in a cash treatment arm (low or high cash) had an average vaccine intention rate of 80.0% compared to 71.0% for individuals in the placebo treatment arm (difference from placebo: 9.0%; 95% CI: 6.4, 11.4; Cash also increased reported vaccination rates. Thirty-eight percent of participants surveyed 8 weeks after the intervention indicated that they had been vaccinated. In the cash treatment arm, 40% of participants reported having had a COVID-19 vaccine since the phase I intervention (only non-vaccinated individuals were eligible for the phase I intervention). Participants in the cash treatment arm had higher reported vaccination rates than the 36.3% for those in the placebo treatment arm (difference from placebo: 3.7%; 95% CI: 0.3, 6.9; Similarly, combined cash treatment effects were observed for verified vaccination rates. In the cash treatment arm (both low and high cash), we verified that 33.6% of individuals had at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine as of April 2023 compared to 28.4% of those in the placebo arm (difference from placebo: 5.2%; 95% CI: 1.5, 8.7; 