2.2. Exclusion criteria
pain, allergies
ALLERGIES
Patients who were scheduled for laparotomies or urgent operations and patients with chronic opioid use, with allergies to Nalbuphine, benzyl benzoate, or sesame oil were excluded from the study. Patients who might require ventilator support after surgery and those who were not able for assessment of pain intensity or refused to participate in questionnaire surveys were also excluded.