Participants
cardiovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Twenty-eight patients who underwent surgery with lumbar fusion and were referred from the Department of Orthopedics to the Department of Rehabilitation of the Cheng Hsin General Hospital for physiotherapy between October 2014 and December 2016 were recruited. Participants scheduled for first lumbar fusion surgery, those aged between 20 and 65 years, and those with unilateral leg symptoms prior to surgery were included. Those who had previously undergone back surgeries; those with severe cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, or cognitive dysfunction; and pregnant patients were excluded. All participants signed written informed consent forms before participation. All data were collected at the Department of Rehabilitation in Cheng Hsin General Hospital.