Results
A total of 68 patients (115 papillae) were included in this study. All participants underwent second stage surgery. According to our results, the height of the gingival papilla around the implants decreased to varying degrees after implantation. The mean values of ∆Vγ (V1–V4) in all 3 groups were above zero, indicating extensive recession in gingival papilla after implantation (Fig. No significant difference was found in papilla height after implant placement surgery among the 3 groups. Incisions in implant placement surgery results in decreased papilla height. The mean values of ∆Vα were 0.0453, 0.0469 and 0.0394 respectively for group A, B and C with no statistical difference (A vs. B, Kruskal–Wallis, Z = 0.3396, The changes in the value of V after implant placement surgeryAnalysis of results of different groups at different time pointsA versus. B: A versus C: B versus C: A versus B: A versus C: B versus C: A versus B: A versus C: B versus C: Results are presented as the mean ± standard errorApplication of papilla sparing incision in second stage surgery significantly decreased postoperative papilla height. Results showed that the mean value of ∆Vβ (V2–V3) was 0.0827 for Group A using intrasulcular incisions in second stage surgery, while the value reduced significantly in the other 2 groups (A vs. B, Kruskal–Wallis, Z = 4.504, The changes in the value of V after second stage surgery. *significantly different compared with group AMeasurements were also made at implant placement (V4). Compared with V1 (preoperatively), the mean ∆Vγ (V1–V4) of group A was significantly higher than those of groups B and C (A vs. B, Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA, The changes in the value of V at crown placement compared with postoperative measurements. *significantly different compared with group AOne of the cases of group A. Intrasulcular incisions were used in both implant placement surgery and second stage surgery. One of the cases of group B. Papilla sparing incisions were used in both implant placement surgery and second stage surgery. One of the cases of group C. Intrasulcular incisions were used in implant placement surgery and papilla sparing incisions were used in second stage surgery. 