1. Introduction
bradycardia, respiratory depression, NCD, hypertension
ADVERSE EFFECTS, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, HYPERTENSION
Spinal anesthesia (SA) is often followed by sedation to ensure patient comfort. Previously, midazolam or propofol have been used to achieve sedation. However, high doses of these agents are associated with potential adverse effects, such as respiratory depression and unstable vital signs, and close monitoring is required.DEX is a highly selective alpha 2-agonist with physiological effects similar to general sleep.Nicardipine (NCD) is a well-known calcium channel blocker used to prevent and treat hypertension that occurs during surgery.Therefore, we hypothesized that simultaneous infusion of NCD during DEX loading administration would prevent hypertension and bradycardia induced by DEX loading dose infusion. This study aimed to evaluate hemodynamic changes during the concomitant administration of these drugs.