Effect of gender
In their review, Smith-Ryan et al. [There have only been three RCTs on the effect of creatine on cognition in healthy women and three in healthy men. One of the studies with women found a creatine effect and two did not find an effect (one of these with only elderly participants). Two of the studies with men (one of these with sleep-deprived participants) found a creatine effect and one did not find an effect. Apart from the present study, which found no effect of sex, studies who included both men and women did not report the effect of sex. In their meta-analysis on the effect of creatine on memory performance, Prokopidis et al. [