Study instruments
pain
MENSTRUATION PAIN, MENSTRUAL PAIN
The VAS was used to measure menstruation pain. It is a horizontal scale with the descriptors 0: no pain and 10: worst possible pain [The VMS was also used to assess students’ perception of menstrual pain severity and its effect on their daily activities. Items were scored, using a four-point Likert scale ranging from no symptoms to severe symptoms (i.e., none, mild, moderate, and severe) [