Assessment covariates
pneumonia, chronic kidney disease, trauma, cancer, stroke, fracture, dementia, infection, atrial fibrillation, depression, diabetes
PNEUMONIA, ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, CANCER, STROKE, DISEASE, LIVER DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, INFECTION, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, HYPERTENSION, INFLUENZA, VENOUS THROMBOSIS, DIABETES
The variables in the PS model consisted of sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, sex, Townsend Deprivation Index), geographic location, race, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors (i.e., alcohol use and smoking status), influenza vaccination history during the past one year before the index date, comorbidities prior to the index date (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, pneumonia or infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, influenza, cancer, venous thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, trauma, fracture, liver disease, fall, dementia, and depression), medication use (antidiabetic, antihypertensive, statin, diuretics, glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, proton-pump inhibitors, biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs) and healthcare utilization during the past one year immediately before the index date. A directed acyclic graph of the comparative effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines against COVID-19 and potential confounders was shown in Additional file 