5.1. Subjects
joint-related disease, TMD, Orofacial Pain, TMDs, pain, headache, capitis, arthralgia
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS, FIBROMYALGIA, MOTOR NEUROPATHY, MYASTHENIA GRAVIS, LAMBERT SYNDROME, DISEASES
The clinical trial included 21 patients (2 men and 19 women; age range of 21–53 years) with chief complaints of MMP with TMDs and headache who were enrolled at the Department of Orofacial Pain and Medicine, Dental University of Yonsei, Seoul, Republic of Korea. At their first visit, patients were screened to determine whether they qualified to participate in the trial, and clinical values were measured prior to injection. To exclude the patients with arthralgia, diagnostic criteria (DC/TMD) were applied, and the following clinical criteria for TMD were satisfied: (1) history of pain in the masticatory muscle reported for ≥5 days in the previous 30 days; (2) pain induced by the clinician’s palpation of the masticatory muscles (total of 16 sites; 2 points in the masseter muscle and 3 points in the temporal muscle, and 1 point in the splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid muscle, and trapezius muscle, each assessed bilaterally). The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients whose pain was caused by a disc or joint-related disease; (2) patients with a history of muscle-related diseases that affect neuromuscular function, such as myasthenia gravis, Eaton–Lambert syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and motor neuropathy; (3) patients who had received an injection of BoNT within a year from the study or had been administered a myofascial trigger point injection, such as lidocaine, procaine, or bupivacaine, within a month from the study based on screening; (4) patients diagnosed with or treated for fibromyalgia; and (5) women who were pregnant, lactating, or of childbearing potential. All participants understood the content of the study and voluntarily signed a consent form. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Yonsei University Dental Hospital (IRB No. 2-2019-0061) on 14 November 2019.