Outcome assessment
bleeding, pain
BLEEDING, RECURRENCE, EPITHELIALISATION, ULCERATION, INTRAOPERATIVE BLEEDING
All patients were evaluated clinically for the following:Intraoperative bleeding was reported for participants in both groups. It was interpreted as mild (subsided 20 min after applying pressure with gauze), moderate (required haemostatic irrigation) or severe (required suturing and, possibly, vitamin K or an infusion of fresh frozen plasma).Postoperative pain intensity perceived on the 2The healing quality index was measured according to Landry’s classification [43], which grades the wound on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 represents very poor healing and 5 represents excellent healing. It records healing based on tissue colour, bleeding, ulceration, granulation tissue and epithelialisation. The healing process was evaluated through follow-up visits on the 1st, 2nd and 4.th postoperative weeks. (Figs. 4.Calibration in healing using Landry’s healing quality index criteria was performed for two examiners prior to the study, inter- and intra-examiner reliability were calculated; and kappa ranged from 0.82–0.88 indicating excellent agreement between examiners and across time [44].Recurrence: patients were recalled for follow-up on the 3rd, 6th and 9th postoperative months to check for any signs of recurrence.