2.7. Assessment of Cognitive Function
To explore a broad range of cognitive functions, there were six broad categories, all of which were closely associated with daily life activities: attention and concentration, executive function, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed and memory function. All tests proceeded individually with two trained testers, who are research assistants at the Tohoku University (one tester for screening procedure, another for assessments pre-, after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention). All of the timing and details are described below.Overall cognitive status was measured by MMSE and the Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA-J, at pre- and after 12 weeks of intervention period. Attention was measured by digit cancellation task (D-CAT). Executive functions were measured by frontal assessment battery at bedside (FAB) and Stroop test. Intelligence was measured using WAIS-IV subscales and assessing in perceptual reasoning using block design (BD), matrix reasoning (MR) and visual puzzles (VP). Working memory was measured by digit span (DS) and arithmetic (AR). Processing speed was measured by coding (CD) and symbol search (SS). The short-term memory was assessed by visual and verbal memory tests, attention and concentration were assessed by visual memory range and digit span and using the subscale of WMS-R. The summary of the assessment tasks is presented in 