3. Results
bleeding
BLEEDING
In total, 92 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: saline group (C group, n = 46) or esketamine group (K group, n = 46). Three patients in the C group were excluded from the final analysis (converted to laparotomy, n = 2; and bleeding volume > 500ml, n = 1), and one patient in the K group was also excluded due to intraoperative conversion to laparotomy. Eventually, 88 patients were included in the completed study, including 45 in the K group and 43 in the C group (