Introduction
HMD, anxiety, pain
Since the development of catheter-based techniques, endovascular interventions (EVI) are frequently considered as first-line treatment instead of open surgery [Among patients needing cardiovascular surgery, 30% report high anxiety levels [Therefore, the management of pain and anxiety through non-pharmacological media has been explored—with hypnosis being of particular interest [In persons who have difficulties with imagination and absorption, the use of 3D virtual reality (VR) is helpful [In the late 1990s, immersiveness through an HMD was considered for use in anxiety [In the present study, we aimed to determine the potential benefits of virtually augmented self-hypnosis (VA-HYPO) to manage pain and anxiety in the context of EVI.