Measurements
edema, tumor edema
EDEMA, BRAIN, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Preoperative peritumoral edema was evaluated by measuring the shortest straight line between the tumor edema margins on the T2 sequence of MRI (Supplementary Table The primary outcome was the proportion of satisfactory brain relaxation, which was assessed by four designated neurosurgeons using a standardized 4-point scale upon dura opening. Brain relaxation was dichotomized into satisfactory (grades 1 and 2, representing perfectly and adequate relaxation) or unsatisfactory (grades 3 and 4, representing a firm and bulging brain) (Supplementary Table Secondary outcomes included emergence and extubation times, recovery of cognitive function and postoperative complications. Emergence time was defined as the time from drug discontinuation to eyes opening. Extubation time was defined as the time from anesthetic discontinuation to tracheal extubation. The recovery of cognitive function was assessed with the Short Orientation Memory Concentration Test (SOMCT, scores ranging from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function) by the attending anesthesiologists at 15 min and 30 min after extubation [