Methods
micropapillary bladder cancer, bladder cancer
REGRESSION, BLADDER CANCER
The data of 627 patients diagnosed with micropapillary bladder cancer between 2000 and 2018 were obtained from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Patients were randomly divided into the training and internal validation sets (7:3). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to evaluate the association between variables and survival and then nomograms were constructed to predict the survival of an individual patient. The performance of nomograms was validated by using calibration curves, concordance index, receiver operating characteristic curves with the calculated area under the curve and decision curve analysis in the training and internal validation set. Data from 41 micropapillary bladder cancer patients at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from 2000 to 2022 were collected for external validation.