Intervention
For all the patients (both case and control groups), scaling and root planning by an ultrasonic scaler (ultrasonic piezo scaler Uds-K, Woodpecker, China) was performed. Patients in the case group received 480 mg (2 capsules) of resveratrol (HERBAFIT Co.) daily for four weeks, while patients in the control group received 480 mg (2 capsules) of placebo containing starch [