Conclusions
PCT/GB2021/052147
Our study has demonstrated that Bubble-PAPR achieved its primary purpose of keeping staff safe from airborne particulate material while improving comfort, communication and the user experience when compared with usual FFP3 face masks worn throughout the pandemic. It is likely that the patient experience was also enhanced. Bubble-PAPR has been patented (PCT/GB2021/052147) and subsequently licensed to a UK-based healthcare manufacturer for large-scale manufacture and distribution to front-line NHS and other workers. The pandemic drove unprecedented collaboration between clinicians, academics and industry. The development of Bubble-PAPR is an excellent example of growing a cosmopolitan network across historical, political and cultural boundaries that could become a key feature of future system resilience.