Secondary outcomes
MCSL, pneumothorax
SECONDARY, PNEUMOTHORAX, COMPLICATION, COMPLICATIONS
For secondary outcomes, the guidewire insertion time (85.3 ± 26.1 vs 97.2 ± 47.2), total cannulation time (215.8 ± 40.8 vs 244.5 ± 61.5) and the incidence of mechanical complications (10.5% vs 3.2%) were less in the MCSL group than in the OA-IP group (P = 0.033, 0.003 and 0.044, respectively). Overall catheterization success rate of the two methods was 98.4%, and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. No significant differences were discovered between the groups in needle attempts, incidence of probe placement difficulty, and visualization of needle (PVWP was the most frequently detected complication, with a higher tendency in the OA-IP group compare with MCSL group (7.4% vs 1.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.071). EJV puncture occurred only in the OA-IP group (n = 3). Except for one case of arterial puncture in MCSL group, no pneumothorax or other serious complications were found in either group.