A) Fiber-reinforced composite retainer bonded on the lingual surface of mandibular anterior teeth. B) Multistranded stainless steel wire retainer bonded on the lingual surface of mandibular anterior teeth.
bleeding, redness, mandibular anterior teeth, inflammation, edema, hypertrophy, Bleeding, calculus, bleeding.1
BLEEDING, ULCERATION, INFLAMMATION, MINOR, EDEMA, PLAQUE, HYPERTROPHY, PLAQUE, BLEEDING
The subjects were called back at every three months interval, for a period of 12 months: three months (T1), six months (T2), nine months (T3) and twelve months (T4). At every visit, the following indices were evaluated on each subject, by the principal investigator and then was reevaluated by two colleagues to avoid errors, and the mean value was recorded.» Plaque index (PI), was assessed according to the Plaqsearch (Oraldent Ltd) on lingual surfaces of mandibular anterior teeth, as follows:
0 - Absence or no plaque accumulation.1 - Plaque detected on probing the gingival margin.2 - Visible plaque.3 - Copious plaque.» Calculus index (CI) was evaluated using the scale, as follows:
0 - No calculus detected.1 - Calculus seen and covering no more than one third of the tooth surface.2 - Calculus seen and covering no more than two third of the tooth surface and/or the presence of separate specks of calculus subgingivally.3 - Calculus seen and covering more than two third of the tooth surface and/or presence of a uninterrupted band of calculus subgingivally.» Gingival index (GI) was assessed based on the following scale:
0 - No inflammation.1 - Mild inflammation with minor alteration in color, slight alteration in surface, no bleeding detected on probing.2 - Moderate inflammation, reasonable glazing, redness, edema and hypertrophy, bleeding detected on probing.3 - Severe inflammation, noticeable redness, hypertrophy, affinity for unprompted bleeding, ulceration.» Bleeding on probing (BOP) was assessed 10-15 seconds after the placement of a Florida probe into the gingival crevice, and was evaluated using the following score:
0 - Absence of bleeding.1 - Presence of bleeding on probing.These variables were evaluated along the lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth. Average value was calculated for all mandibular six anterior teeth, and the mean was recorded for each individual on every visit.