Authors’ contribution
RH: provided the conception, supervised the study implementation, and critical revision and reviewed the manuscript. FL: contributed to the study design, anesthesia implementation, data collection, and wrote the draft. WZ: provided the conception, performed the study, and analyzed the data. ZZ: participated in the study design, analyzed and interpreted the primary outcome, and revised the draft. XX: in charge of collecting and analyzing data. MJ: designed the process for arterial gas analysis, data collection and analysis, and reviewed the manuscript.All authors read and approved the final manuscript.