3.2. Effects of Synbiotic 2000 on Immune Activity Markers
ADHD
Children treated with Synbiotic 2000 showed a significant reduction of levels of IL-12/IL23p40, sICAM-1, and TGF-β3 from baseline to 9-week follow-up, while children treated with placebo did not show any level change of any immune activity marker over time (Among children with ADHD, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12/IL-23p40 was reduced by Synbiotic 2000 compared to by placebo, at α = 0.05, defined as the suggestive difference (95% CI: −0.158, −0.014, 