Discussion
angulation, tooth
The long-term success and survival of dental implants require precise positioning of the implant on the basis of the restoration. Computer-assisted systems of different technological approaches are currently used in clinical practice to improve the accuracy of implant placement, mainly including static surgical templateguided surgery, computer-assisted dynamic navigation, and robotic assisted dental surgical systems [Dental implant surgery robots have evolved rapidly in recent years, integrating a computerized surgical planning platform, a visual surgical tracking platform and a robotic operating platform [Previous studies have shown comparing with conventional implant surgery, static and dynamic navigation systems both have higher surgical precision. Block et al. [In this study, implant accuracy was evaluated using dynamic navigation surgery and a robotic system for implant surgery on a partially missing tooth model, and both systems showed excellent accuracy. The mean deviations between planned and postoperative implant position with THETA robotic system were 0.58 mm at platform, 0.69 mm at apex and 1.08° of angulation. In the group of Yizhimei dynamic navigation system, the deviations at platform, apex, and angulation were 0.73 mm, 0.86 mm and 2.32°, respectively. The high accuracy of our study was not difficult to predict since it was an in vitro study. The placement of the implants in the model does not involve the real oral environment, changes in the position of the patient’s head or tongue movements. In addition, the repetition of the operation under the same conditions reduces the operator’s random manipulation error.In a dynamic navigation system, the drill and implant were controlled by the surgeon’s hand without any mechanical guidance instruments [The length of the implant may significantly impact the precision of implant placement, particularly at the implant platform and apex. A template-guided implant placement study revealed that implant insertion with a length of 8 to 9 mm resulted in significantly higher precision than insertion with lengths of 10 to 11 mm and 12 to 13 mm, although angle deviation was unaffected by implant length [The limitation of this study is referring to the relatively small sample size. Nicchio N. also utilized small sample sizes in their research [The findings of this study have provided valuable insights into the comparative efficacy of the dental implant robotic system (THETA) and dynamic navigation system (Yizhimei) in clinical practice. Notably, the THETA system is distinguished by its use of a mechanical arm, while Yizhimei relies on a free-hand approach that demands a higher level of skill and experience from the practitioner. The study reveals that the angular deviation observed in the robotic system was superior to that of the dynamic navigation system, indicating that the fixed-line movement of THETA’s mechanical arm offers distinct advantages in dental implant surgery. These findings suggest that the THETA robotic system may hold significant promise as a tool for enhancing clinical outcomes in dental implantology, although additional research such as a prospective randomized study is necessary to further evaluate the accuracy of dental implant robots and their influencing factors. To date, dental robotics has made great progress, but it is still far from perfect yet. The intelligence of dental robotics is generally limited, and the operation is mainly assisted by doctors, with relatively simple functionality, the structure is usually complex and the volume is large, more widespread clinical application of this technology is expected in dentistry in the near future as the dental robotic systems hardware and software mature.