3.4. Pharmacokinetic Analysis
The vitamin and mineral dosage, weight of participants, and serum vitamin and mineral values observed for each experiment were entered into the PK Solutions 2.0 pharmacokinetic software using single-dose analysis with 2 terms (Summit Research Services, Montrose, CO, USA). This normalized results by body weight and differences in nutrient dosage between treatments. The software calculates the single-dose elimination phase and disappearance/appearance slope, rate, and half-life as well as concentration max (Cmax), time max (Tmax), area under the curve (AUC), area under the moment curve (AUMC), mean residence time (MRT), volume distribution area (Vd), steady-state volume distribution area (Vss), clearance area (CL), elimination rates, and distribution/absorption rates. Values calculated from each experiment for each treatment were statistically analyzed to determine whether the different multivitamin sources differentially affected pharmacokinetic profiles.