Total costs of improvements
The overall economic cost of improvements in the five hospitals was $461,296, varying from $45,051 at Hospital-4 to $113,881 at Hospital-5 (Table Financial and economic costs of resources and infrastructure improvements to prepare for immediate KMC (all costs in USD, 2020)









Key drivers of economic costs of improvements at the five Ugandan hospitals. The upper panel shows drivers of total economic costs, and the lower panel shows drivers of annualised economic costsInfrastructure setup costs primarily reflected the building, remodelling, and repurposing of the neonatal units (Table At Hospitals 3 and 5, where a new neonatal unit or an extension to an existing unit was constructed, the financial costs of these building works were considered to reflect the total economic costs of these investments. At Hospitals 1 and 2, where existing space within the hospital was reallocated to the neonatal unit, the total economic costs were based on the financial cost to construct a new space of equivalent size, estimated using the financial cost at Hospital-5 ($477 per m