2.3. Study Design
The present study, referred to as the VASA-home study, was conducted as a randomized crossover trial aiming to compare self-reported appetite responses measured in a controlled clinical setting compared to a standardized free-living setting by using VASs and following a hypocaloric study diet. We also wanted to evaluate the differences in appetite response between whole-grain rye vs. refined wheat diets. Additionally, baseline fecal samples were collected, and blood glucose monitored throughout the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the sequence of five intervention days, separated by a one-week washout, using a Latin square design (“blockrand” package in R). The sequence for each participant was kept in a closed numbered envelope to conceal allocation until enrollment. Participants completed intervention days 1–4 according to location and diet, while the 5th intervention was a clinic-based intervention day with continuous blood sampling and randomization to either wheat or rye-based diets (