Introduction
muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, MIUC, death, UC
The standard treatment for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) is radical surgery (Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is now established as a standard treatment in the clinical practice guidelines for bladder cancer (Immune checkpoint inhibitors that target programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have shown clinical activity in patients with advanced UC (The phase 3 CheckMate 274 trial was performed to verify the superiority of adjuvant nivolumab over placebo in patients with high-risk MIUC after radical cystectomy (Because CheckMate 274 enrolled 49 Japanese patients (27 patients in the nivolumab group and 22 patients in the placebo group), we performed a subgroup analysis of these patients to verify the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in Japanese patients. This is the first report to describe the efficacy and tolerability outcomes of nivolumab as adjuvant therapy in Japanese patients with MIUC.