Background
deaths, malaria infection
The resurging trend in clinical cases and deaths caused by malaria infection highlights the need for a durable and effective vaccine, particularly against Whole sporozoite vaccines, by virtue of exposing the host immune system to the full repertoire of pre-erythrocytic parasite antigens, have the advantage of inducing a broader, more robust immune response than sub-unit vaccines can. Immunization with live Other methods of whole sporozoite immunization include sub-lethal irradiation and genetic attenuation of sporozoites [Notably, all these attenuated sporozoite vaccine approaches have used the same laboratory 