2.3. Outcomes
functional disability, pain
LEQUESNE, OSTEOARTHRITIS
Overall, two domains were evaluated: on the one hand, clinical symptoms such as pain, functional disability, and limitation of motion. On the other hand, objective measures, obtained by means of ultrasonography. Two researchers who were not involved in the randomization or intervention assessed all outcome measurements. Evaluations were conducted at 3 different points: at baseline, immediately after the completion of the third treatment session, and 1-month after the last treatment.The visual analog scale (VAS), the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Lequesne index, and the knee joint ROM were used in order to assess symptomatology. The WOMAC, a validated disease-specific self-reporting questionnaire, was also used to assess OA symptoms.For the ultrasonographic outcomes, we used the standardized musculoskeletal ultrasound scoring system for knee OA.