Introduction
respiratory diseases
RESPIRATORY DISEASE, DISEASE
Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is a necessary procedure used worldwide to diagnose and treat the disease of the lungs and airways [FB can be a frightening and painful experience for the patient [Non-pharmacologic practices, such as guided imagery, hypnosis, and distraction, have improved patients' experiences during stressful or painful medical procedures [In Malaysia, FB has been well established as a means of diagnosis and treatment for many respiratory diseases; however, there are no studies on non-pharmacological methods to improve patients' experience during bronchoscopy. The use of conventional analgesia and sedation is considered the standard of care during FB. In Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), fentanyl and midazolam are used routinely as sedation during FB. There was a previous study using a combination of hypnosis and VR technology during flexible bronchoscopy [