Periodontal examination
bleeding, gingivitis
BLEEDING, GINGIVITIS
The dental examinations, and oral sample collections were performed at the time of enrollment and at study endpoint examinations. The following recordings were performed: probing of pocket depths with a manual mm graded periodontal probe (PPD)s were assessed at four sites per tooth, clinical attachment levels (CAL; were also assessed at four sites per tooth), and bleeding on probing (BOP; assessed at four sites per tooth). PPD and CAL measurements were made with periodontal probes (PCR-12, Hu-Friedy Corp, Chicago, IL, USA). The clinical assessments of probing depths, and clinical attachment levels were performed by a periodontist (GRP) calibrated from a several preceding studies and with clinic experiences over 40 years. The extent of bleeding on probing was measured approximately 30 s after probing of pocket depths. The extent of BOP was assessed, and a diagnosis of gingivitis was declared if ≥ 10% and in accordance with the guidelines provided by the AAP (American Academy of Periodontology), and the EFP (European Federation of Periodontology) [