2.3.5. Implicit Attitudes
CARPENTER
Implicit prejudice/biases against people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds reflect internalised, entrenched attitudes that can persist in the absence of conscious awareness. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) [Three-set IATs were developed to test implicit association between ingroup/outgroup racial face images and positive/negative words, in the same way as a previous study investigating the impact of music listening on implicit affiliation [The Qualtrics implementation of the IATs utilised the survey software IAT developed by Carpenter et al. [