Study endpoints
dizziness, nausea, vomiting, NRS, pain
COMPLICATIONS
The primary endpoint was the total consumption of sufentanil during the initial 24 h postoperatively, recorded from the PCA device. Secondary endpoints included: (1) Area under the curve (AUC) of NRS scores for pain at rest and on movement over a 24-h period. (2) Time to the first administration of sufentanil analgesia. (3) Incidence of postoperative opioid side effects (nausea, vomiting, and dizziness) and complications. (4) Participant satisfaction with the effectiveness of analgesia during the initial 24 h postoperatively was rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 'highly unsatisfactory' to 'highly satisfactory' [