Radiographic evaluation
Anteroposterior radiographs of the bilateral hips and lateral radiographs of the affected hip were acquired preoperatively and immediately and 1 and 3 years postoperatively in both TNS and control groups. The incidence of SS was assessed with radiographs at 1 and 3 years postoperatively using Engh’s classification [The assessment areas of stress shielding according to Gruen zone. The numbers indicate the Gruen zone