Limitations
This study has some limitations that should be considered when interpreting the results. First, the effectiveness of the MDTM model needs to be validated in a larger or well-defined population. Second, given the relatively short follow-up duration, we were not certain whether the improvement in lifestyle modification, QoL, and BP control rate would be sustained. Third, the MDTM model consists of multiple component interventions; however, the nature of multimodal interventions has not been explored further. Future research regarding the effectiveness of these intervention measures and the mediating and moderating factors of their implementation is warranted to determine the impact of any specific component and further improve their effectiveness, coverage, uptake, and feasibility. Fourth, self-reported data on standardized questionnaires made recall bias inevitable when assessing concomitant subjectivity regarding the method and weakness of the measures. Fifth, during the long-term upgrading and optimization process of digital health management, further education of health care professionals, researchers, and the public is needed to help patients understand the working principles of digital health management and bridge the existing knowledge gap.