2.2. Methodology
peripheral atherosclerosis, chronic lung diseases, stenosis
DIABETES MELLITUS, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, STROKE, CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE, STENOSIS
Upon admission to the hospital, patients underwent a standard preoperative examination, which included demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters. Among the anamnestic indicators, the presence of myocardial revascularization, myocardial infarction, stroke, arterial hypertension, and other comorbid conditions (diabetes mellitus, chronic lung diseases, peripheral atherosclerosis) was taken into account. Patients also underwent ultrasound examinations (transthoracic echocardiography and duplex ultrasound examination of blood vessels).Echocardiography was performed on “Vivid-7 Dimension” apparatus (General Electric, Boston, MA, USA) as per the current guidelines [Duplex ultrasonography was carried out with a 7.5 MHz linear-array transducer on “Vivid 7 Dimension” (General Electric, Boston, MA, USA) apparatus that followed standard imaging protocols. Doppler and B-mode, according to the degree of stenosis, measured the assessment of the narrowing of the carotid and lower extremity arteries.We assessed the functional state and muscle status of patients before and after the course of prehabilitation. We examined muscle status by assessing the knee extensors and flexors and handgrip strength muscle groups. The maximum strength of the knee extensors and flexors was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer “Lafayette MMT 01165” (Lafayette Instrument Company, Lafayette, IN, USA). The assessment of isometric muscle strength of the knee extensors and flexors was evaluated in a sitting position with the patients producing maximum muscle efforts, while the results were evaluated (maximum muscle strength) directly on the device screen. Exercises were performed in pairs for knee extensors and flexors. Hand grip strength (HS) was measured with a DK-100 dynamometer (RF) sequentially on the right and left upper limbs. Before the course of prehabilitation and after its completion, a 6 min walk test (6MWT) was performed in the corridor with a marked walking distance.