Performance and retention scores
The results align with prior research showing no difference in performance scores when parts of the 4-step teaching technique are replaced by standardised videos [In this study, replacing teaching steps with best-practice videos and interactive exercises, led to equivalent performance and an even better retention in the research group, although the mean difference in retention score of 1.36 out of 18 should be considered small. Interestingly, the skill demonstration fostered observational learning in the control group but seemed to stimulate knowledge recall in the research group [