DISCUSSION
hypoxia, Infertility, platelet aggregation
VASODILATION, HYPOXIA, CONTRACTION, ADHESION, MISCARRIAGE, INFERTILITY, UTERUS
Infertility has considerably increased over the past decades (Subjects in the supplementation group were oriented to take a daily dose of the
juice, from the day of embryo transfer until the day of pregnancy test, a critical
period determining implantation of embryo in uterus. Molecular and genetic evidence
indicates that ovarian hormones together with locally produced signaling molecules,
function through autocrine, paracrine and juxtracrine interactions to specify the
complex process of implantation (It has been speculated that recurrent reproductive failure, including recurrent
miscarriage (The cellular processes of angiogenesis involves hypoxia which induces the production
of NO and the expression of VEGF and angiopoietin-1 and -2, which interact with
extracellular matrix proteases to increase the permeability of the capillary vessel
wall. Increased permeability leads to the escape of plasma proteins and fibrinogen
from capillary vessels, promoting the formation of transient extracellular matrix,
which supports the growth of new vessels (The role of NO for the vascular health has been extensively studied. It acts as a
hormone and its activities are generally beneficial. For example, it is a powerful
generator of vasodilation by suppressing vascular smooth muscle contraction. Nitric
oxide also inhibits platelet aggregation and the adhesion of leukocytes to
endothelia (The most recognized pathway for NO generation is the oxidation of L-arginine
catalyzed by the NO synthase enzymes to yield NO and L-citrulline (Watermelon juice is a particularly rich source L-citrulline. It has been reported
that watermelon juice contains ~2.33g of L-citrulline per L (The watermelon is not the only food recognized to improve vascular heath, in recent
years the beetroot has attracted much attention as a health promoting functional
food. Interest in beetroot has been primarily driven by the discovery that sources
of dietary nitrate may have important implications for managing cardiovascular
health (In fact, in addition to the effect on vascular health, the intake of both beetroot
and watermelon has important antioxidant effects. In line with this, another
superfood, the ginger has been reported to possess multiple biological activities,
including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory (The use of this functional food has been widely studied as a source of energy during
exercise (The intake of beetroot, watermelon and ginger juice significantly improved
implantation and pregnancy rates. It could be argued that among so many variables
influencing embryo implantation, the intake of some specific foods for such a short
period of time could not be the reason for the improved clinical outcomes. However,
NO action is rapid as it remains in the blood for only seconds and its short term
effect in human have been already demonstrated (Moreover, previous evidence has suggested that there is an alteration of endometrial
receptivity in patients with recurrent implantation failure. Women with repeated
donor insemination failures have altered endometrial progression in relation to
their menstrual cycle (