Participants
chronic aphasia, multiple strokes
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE, RECRUITMENT, MULTIPLE STROKES
Participants were eligible for recruitment if they were between 21 and 80 years of age and had chronic aphasia (≥ 12 months postonset) due to left-hemisphere ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Individuals with multiple strokes were eligible for study participation as long as all structural lesions were confined to the left supratentorial hemisphere. Participants were excluded if they had severely limited speech output (Western Aphasia Battery–Revised [WAB-R]; 