Discussion
depression
Although past research has shown that SS/CF is effective in reducing men’s perpetration of IPV [There are several plausible explanations as to why depression may mediate the impact of SS/CF on IPV perpetration. First, gender inequitable masculinities impose a psychological burden on men [Finally, when we separated out the different forms of IPV, it was only the impact of SS/CF on emotional IPV, which was mediated by depression. Other research has found that depression is associated with poor communication [We acknowledge that there are some limitations. First, screening instruments were used to measure depression, rather than clinical diagnosis, although it is unclear how this would have affected our results. Second, while self-reporting reduces social desirability, it could have existed in the intervention arm. However, this seems improbable given that several measures did not differ significantly between groups and desired changes were not consistently observed across all outcomes (as reported in the main outcome study) [