Introduction
Non-medical use of psychostimulants is common in healthy subjects, often for enhancing cognitive performance in domains such as memory or vigilance ([see Inconsistent results have been found for amphetamine on working memory (WM) [Caffeine is also a psychostimulant that is widely consumed worldwide for its psychomotor and cognitive effects. Although caffeine has less strong pharmacological effects than other strong psychostimulants (such as amphetamines), the qualitative physiological effects of caffeine are expected to be broadly similar as the other stimulants [A main challenge in the assessment of WM performance is that that there is no one generally accepted SWM or VWM model [Caffeine also modulate the dopaminergic system indirectly through adenosine-dopamine receptor heteromer (A2A-D2) [