Data Analysis
The data were analyzed using SAS for Windows (version 9.4; SAS Institute Inc) and the To determine the suitability of subsample 1 data for EFA, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test of sampling adequacy and Bartlett test of sphericity were conducted. For factor analysis, a KMO index of at least 0.50 (ranging from 0 to 1) and a significant Bartlett test of sphericity (CFA was performed on subsample 2 using a diagonally weighted least squares estimation. The goodness-of-fit of the CFA model was evaluated using established indices, including normed Measurement invariance was evaluated across sex, age, and education groups using multigroup CFA based on previous studies [The floor and ceiling effects of the latent scores were assessed using descriptive statistics, with values of ≥30% of the lowest or highest scores on the instrument indicating floor or ceiling effects [