Simulation results
FSAD
STD
Table Results of simulation studiesNote: The best-performing algorithm for each metric is highlighted in bold within each row. FSAD (acc), FSAD (std), CSAD (acc), and CSAD (std) correspond to dose-finding algorithms based on 3PND, using accelerated fully sequential design, standard fully sequential design, accelerated cohort sequential design, and standard cohort sequential design, respectively. The second column indicates the curvature of the true dose-toxicity curve: linear (Regarding safety, the standard designs provide a safer dosing strategy in terms of NPD and NPO when compared to the accelerated designs. Notably, all standard designs yield a median value of zero for both NPD and NPO. In terms of the accuracy of MTD estimation, the accelerated designs outperform the standard designs, as evidenced by their smaller RMSEs. The results underscore that 3PND possesses a desirable property for balancing safety (exploitation) and accuracy (exploration) through the homogeneity constants 