1. Introduction
cancers
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, CANCERS, TUMOUR NECROSIS, CHRONIC DISEASES, ADHESION, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Increasing evidence supports that a higher dietary inflammatory index (DIIThe inflammatory response involves the production of a range of pro-inflammatory biomarkers including cytokines, interleukins (IL), adhesion molecules, tumour necrosis factor, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as part of the body’s acute natural defence to a potentially harmful stimulus. However, the continuous and sustained production of such pro-inflammatory compounds results in a state of chronic inflammation, which can be damaging to the body. Chronic inflammation is suggested to be an underlying pathophysiological risk factor for a range of chronic diseases, including cancers [In 2009, an evidenced-based tool was created, which was later updated and validated with the ability to categorize an individual’s diet as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory [