3.1. Study population, demographic, and intraoperative data
A total of 153 patients met the eligibility criteria; 93 were excluded, and 60 were randomly assigned. Thirty participants were equally assigned to both groups without loss to follow-up. Finally, 30 patients in each group were analyzed (Fig. Patient characteristics and intraoperative data of the study cohort.Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges) or numbers (%).ALT = alanine transaminase, ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists, AST = aspartate transaminase, BMI = body mass index, DEX = dexmedetomidine, DEX-NCD = dexmedetomidine-nicardipine, ORIF = Open Reduction and Internal Fixation, T = thoracic.CONSORT diagram of the patient flowchart. CONSORT = Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, DEX = dexmedetomidine, DEX-NCD = dexmedetomidine-nicardipine.