Outcomes and estimation.
REGRESSION
At 36 months, Macrolide resistance was 14.6% (95% CI, 8.5–21.3) in the Proportion of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal antibiotic resistance at 36 months95% CIs calculated via bootstrap method.Permutation test and logistic regression of resistance proportion between azithromycin and placebo arms at 36 monthsOR = odds ratioAdjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate method.Binomial outcome [erythromycin resistant: yes (1) or no (0)] for all isolates with random effect for village.A linear mixed-effects model was used to evaluate erythromycin resistance across all time points (12, 24, and 36 months). We found significant evidence of higher prevalence in the azithromycin group than in the placebo group (fixed effect of arm, 0.102; 95% CI, 0.04–0.17), but we did not observe an interaction effect between study arm and time (fixed effect of interaction, 0.606; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.00) (Proportion of erythromycin-resistant The proportion of suspected Suspected Removed from regression models.