Characteristics of the study population
T2DM
A total of 36 patients with T2DM were assessed for eligibility, of whom 31 were recruited and randomized to either FMT plus metformin, FMT alone, or metformin from July 2019 to Oct 2021. One of participants in both FMT plus metformin and FMT alone group withdraw after FMT infusion. Finally, 29 patients allocated to FMT plus metformin (n=8), FMT alone (n=9), or metformin (n=12) completed their follow-up assessment at both baseline and week 4 (Consort diagram of the study flow. FMT, faecal microbiota transplantation.