INTRODUCTION
muscle mass, sarcopenic, sarcopenia, Sarcopenia, age-related declines, aging hip fracture
SARCOPENIA, SARCOPENIA
Sarcopenia, which refers to loss of muscle mass, strength, and function pertinent to aging, affects a significant portion of the population aged 60 years and older, with a global prevalence ranging from 10% to 27% [The development of sarcopenia is believed to involve an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, as skeletal muscles continuously undergo deterioration. Skeletal muscles have been proposed as a central mediator between sarcopenia and immune senescence in the aging process [Studies have found elevated levels of markers such as C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in sarcopenic patients, particularly in an aging hip fracture cohort [Sarcopenia patients are suggested to receive exercise interventions to restore muscle mass and function. Prior research has shown that aerobic exercise training can increase mitochondrial biogenesis in older individuals, resulting in improved muscle mass and strength [In addition to exercise, proper nutrient provision is crucial for treating sarcopenia. For example, a systematic review and meta-analysis have indicated that leucine supplementation, a branch-chain amino acid, can enhance muscle protein synthesis in older individuals and counteract age-related declines in muscle mass [