Discussion
Medicaid ACO members receiving primary care at a large urban safety-net hospital assigned to receive care from pharmacy liaisons with training in motivational interviewing and patient navigation and who carried smaller caseloads had no difference in inpatient hospital admissions and ED visits at 12 months relative to patients who received usual care. Both groups experienced decreased health care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is consistent with prior studies.The dually trained pharmacy liaisons in our study provided services similar to those used in other navigation programs, such as connecting patients to internal and community resourcesInterventions in health care settings are unlikely to improve health outcomes rooted in long-standing and intractable structural racism. A 2015 study