5.2. Dose-Adjusted Pharmacokinetic Analysis
In addition to assessing changes in blood vitamin and mineral levels over time in response to ingesting different types of MVM supplements, this study evaluated pharmacokinetic responses normalized to body weight and dose. This additional analysis is important to account for differences between treatments in the amount of vitamins and minerals consumed as well as to normalize differences in body weight among participants in this study. This analysis also provides more analysis of the area, median residence time, volume distribution, clearance rates, elimination, and absorption pharmacokinetics than typically reported when only assessing changes in blood concentrations in a pharmacokinetic study. When similar doses of a nutrient or drug are consumed, lower values represent greater absorption and/or that less of a dose is needed to reach target tissues [