Statistical methods.
Baseline patient characteristics are described using descriptive statistics. Discrete variables are expressed as frequencies (The primary outcome, i.e., differences in total amount of alcohol intake in glasses per week at week 12, were analyzed using a generalized linear model with treatment (dulaglutide vs. placebo) and baseline alcohol consumption as predictors (basic model). A quasipoisson error distribution was used to account for overdispersion. The interaction between treatment and baseline alcohol consumption was examined by adding the interaction term to the basic model. The basic model for the primary outcome was further adjusted for education. To assess group differences in changes in alcohol consumption from baseline to week 12 in the subgroup of heavy drinkers, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test was used. The correlation between changes in consumption of alcohol and smoking status at week 12 was analyzed by calculating the point biserial correlation coefficient. Differences in smoking abstinence rates between baseline consumers and nonconsumers were analyzed using the χ