Introduction
obesity, tumor necrosis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, infections, depressive disorder, reduced depression, MDD, depression
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, OBESITY, TUMOR NECROSIS, INFLAMMATION, INFECTIONS, PATHOGENESIS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, DISEASES
Chronic low-grade inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several non-communicable diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system. Symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) are frequently observed when the immune system is activated, such as during infections or in inflammatory autoimmune diseases or conditions associated with chronic inflammation [Chronic inflammation is thought to result from an impaired resolution phase [MDD is common among children and adults with obesity [Meta-analysis studies of randomized controlled trials examining the potential of ω-3 supplements to improve clinical depression have reported reduced depression severity with formulations containing pure EPA or greater than 60% EPA, but not with supplements containing pure DHA or greater than 60% DHA [We had previously conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study in patients with MDD to evaluate the clinical response to three different doses of EPA (1 g/d, 2 g/d, and 4 g/d) and the association between reduction in depression severity following EPA supplementation and changes in inflammation, as assessed by plasma high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and peripheral blood monocyte mitogen-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production [