Participants, randomization, and intervention
KT patients with subclinical class II dnDSA were screened. Participants who met the following criteria were included: (i) age ≥ 19 years; (ii) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 20 ml/min/1.73 mEligible participants who offered consent were randomly assigned to receive rituximab (IVIG–) or rituximab combined with IVIG (IVIG +) at a ratio of 1:1 (stratified by dnDSA peak level: < 10,000 MFI or ≥ 10,000 MFI and participating center). Both groups received rituximab (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) at a dose of 375 mg/m