Statistical analysis
intraoperative blood loss, bleeding, SD
BLEEDING, INTRAOPERATIVE BLOOD LOSS
This study was conducted as a superiority trial. Our pre-experimental data showed that the mean intraoperative blood loss and standard deviation (SD) was 492.62 ± 135.24 ml in the C Group and 326.46 ± 96.28 ml in the NE Group. Assuming a one-sided α level of 0.05, a power of 0.9, a difference in means of 50 ml, and a 10% loss to follow-up, a minimum of 60 patients was required in each group.All data were assessed for normality using histograms, quantile plots (Q-Q plots), and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test before analysis. Normally distributed continuous data were presented as means and SD; otherwise, they were presented as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Student's t-test was used to compare normally distributed data, while the Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare skewed distributed data. The Fisher’s test or chi-square test was used to compare categorical data. Group comparisons for intraoperative blood loss and bone-cutting surface bleeding scores were one-sided, whereas all other data comparisons were two-sided. All statistical analyzes were performed prior to the blinded analysis. All data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was set at 