Patients
high-grade small ccRCC, a renal tumor, Tumors, kidney tumors, tumors
TUMORS, RECRUITMENT, TUMORS, KIDNEY TUMORS
The Institutional Ethics Committee approved this retrospective study and waived the need for patient consent. The study included patients who underwent abdominal CT scans and were diagnosed with a renal tumor at our institution between January 2016 and January 2022. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Patients with ccRCC who underwent a partial or radical nephrectomy. (2) Patients who had non-contrast and enhanced CT scans performed prior to surgery. (3) Patients with complete clinical information. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Significant artefacts on CT images. (2) Tumors with a diameter greater than 4 cm. (3) Patients with a history of both kidney tumors and other tumors. (4) Patients who received treatment before the CT scan. A total of 113 patients were enrolled in the study, including 49 with high-grade small ccRCC and 64 with low-grade small ccRCC. In a ratio of 6:4, patients were randomly assigned to a training set (n = 67) and a testing set (n = 46). Figure 
The flow chart of the patient recruitment