Introduction
HPVs
HPV INFECTION, CERVICAL CANCERS, ANOGENITAL WARTS, WARTS, PROLIFERATIONS
Anogenital warts (AGWs) are benign epithelial proliferations that commonly develop in areas prone to abrasion during sexual intercourse. They are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which comprise a large group of approximately 120 genotypes that infect the skin and mucosa. The majority of HPV infections are subclinical or asymptomatic. However, high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 are the cause of most cervical cancers, while low-risk types 6 and 11 are often associated with AGWs [Topical, intralesional, and systemic immunotherapies have been widely used for warts because of their nondestructive effect, good safety profiles, promising outcomes, and low relapse rates [HPV vaccines are widely used to prevent HPV infections by inducing a long-term serum antibody response. They are based on virus-like particles that self-assemble spontaneously from the major capsid protein (L1). They include the bivalent vaccine (Cervarix) that protect against types 16 and 18, the quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil), that is directed against types 6, 11, 16, and 18, and the nonavalent vaccine (Gardasil 9), against types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 [Herein, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intralesional Candida antigen immunotherapy alone versus its combination with intralesional bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccines for treating multiple AGWs.