Discussion
nausea and/or vomiting, acute pain
In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, we have found that administration of prophylactic metoclopramide may not provide additional benefit in reducing the occurrence of nausea and/or vomiting episode in ED patients with acute pain treated with intravenous tramadol.The results of our study were, however, in contrast to that of Kim et al. in 2019 [This study was the first randomized, placebo-controlled trial to be conducted in Thai patients who presented to ED with acute pain symptoms and treated with intravenous tramadol. Although we could not provide firm conclusions on the benefits of prescribing prophylactic metoclopramide, our study still serves as an important contradicting evidence that addresses this clinically relevant question in a wider spectrum of patient population.