Results
squamous cell carcinoma, tumor, adenocarcinoma
TUMOR, ADENOCARCINOMA, LYMPH NODE METASTASIS, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, PATHOLOGY, DISEASES
After applying the exclusion criteria, 170 patients were enrolled in the study, with 83 patients in the surgical group and 87 patients in the pathology group (Fig. 
Flow diagram of registered patients
Demographic and clinical features of pathology and surgical groupsValue are expressed as mean (min.-max. range) or N (%); LLL, left lower lobectomy; LP, left pneumonectomy; LUL, left upper lobectomy; RBI, right bilobectomy inferior; RBS, right bilobectomy superior; RLL, right lower lobectomy; RML, right middle lobectomy; RP, right pneumonectomy; RUL, right upper lobectomy; TNM tumor lymph node metastasisThere was no significant difference in tumor size and T stage as per the 8th TNM staging between the pathology and surgical groups (p = 0.850). No significant difference was observed in N1 lymph node positivity between the two groups either (p = 0.482). However, the number of dissected lymph nodes and the number of positive multiple lymph nodes were significantly higher in the surgical group than in the pathology group (p = 0.0001). On average 9.08 lymph node sampling was performed in the surgical group (2.39 in the pathology group (p = 0.0001)). Lymph node positivity was not detected in 64 patients (73.5%) in the pathology group, while single N1 positivity was detected in 23 patients (26.4%); multiple N1 positivity was not detected. In the surgical group, N1 positivity was not detected in 57 (68.7%) cases whereas single N1 positivity was observed in 8 patients (9.6%); multiple N1 positivity was observed in 18 (21.6%) cases. No significant difference was observed between the pathology and surgical groups in terms of N0 and N1 statuses (p = 0.482) (Table In the N0 group, 59 patients underwent surgery for adenocarcinoma and 62 patients had squamous cell carcinoma. In the single N1 group, 16 patients had adenocarcinoma and 15 patients had squamous cell carcinoma. In the multiple N1 group, three patients underwent surgery for adenocarcinoma and 15 patients for squamous cell carcinoma. When the groups were compared, a significant difference was observed between the histological distributions of the N0, single N1, and multiple N1 groups (p = 0.03). The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was found to be significantly higher in the multiple N1 group (p = 0.03) (Table 
Demographic and clinical features of patients acording to lymph node involvementValue are expressed as mean (min.-max. range) or N (%), TNM, tumor lymph node metastasis; LLL, left lower lobectomy; LPN, left pneumonectomy; LUL, left upper lobectomy; RBI, right bilobectomy inferior; RBS, right bilobectomy superior; RLL, right lower lobectomy; RML, right middle lobectomy; RP, right pneumonectomy; RUL, right upper lobectomy;In the pathology group, the 1-year survival rate was 91.4%, 3-year survival rate was 69.4%, and 5-year survival rate was 63.8%. For the surgical group, the 1-year survival rate was 88.1%, 3-year survival rate was 68.3%, and 5-year survival rate was 68.3%. There was no significant difference in the survival rates between the groups regardless N0 land N1 diseases. (p = 0.198) (Fig. 
Survival of the pathology and surgery groupsIn the group without lymph node involvement, the 1-year survival rate was 95%, 3-year survival rate was 69.5%, and 5-year survival rate was 65.9% (median 47.66 ± 2.19 months). The 1-year survival rate of the group with single lymph node involvement was 82.8%, 3-year survival was 55.4%, and 5-year survival was 55.4% (median 36.06 ± 4.02 months). The 1-year survival in the group with multiple lymph node involvement was 94.4%, 3-year survival was 88.9%, and 5-year survival was 82.5% (median 50.71 ± 4.31 months). No significant difference was observed between the survival rates of the groups (p = 0.635) (Fig. 
Kaplan-Meier survival curves for lymph node involvement