Conclusion
edema, pain
EDEMA, POSITIVE
Customized insoles with medial wedges seem superior to those without medial wedges on both multi-segment foot motion and knee motion during the stance phase of gait. The former produced less knee motion in the transverse plane and hallux motion in all planes during the propulsive phase. When compared with the shod, the customized insole with medial wedges decreased knee motion in the transverse plane, rearfoot motion in the frontal plane, forefoot motion in the frontal and transverse planes and hallux motion in the frontal and transverse planes during the early to mid-phase of the stance. In addition, it decreased hip motion in the frontal plane, knee motion in the transverse plane, and hallux motion in the sagittal plane during the propulsive phase. After the 3-month follow-up, the insole decreased pain intensity and increased foot function. There were significant reductions in the number of participants with hypo-echogenicity of the plantar fascia and that in the apparent US group, which represented a reduction in plantar fascia edema. Positive outcomes from this study supported the use of customized insoles with medial wedges as an effective conservative treatment in patients with PF.