Economic perspective
neck pain, pain
Two perspectives were considered, and the primary analysis was conducted from a societal perspective, reflecting productivity loss due to neck pain. The societal perspective includes direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and costs associated with productivity loss. The analysis from a healthcare perspective included only direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs. Direct medical costs include the cost of intervention applied during the trial and the costs of informal care incurred during the trial period, such as the cost of treatment for neck pain from other Western medicine or KM institutions, the cost of analgesics, including over-the-counter drugs, and medical devices or exercise therapy. Direct non-medical costs include time and transportation costs.