Clinical data
bradycardia, mental illness, liver and kidney dysfunction, arrhythmia, hypertension
ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK, HYPERTENSION, ARRHYTHMIA, ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in Lishui, China (LLW-FO-403) and was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300069224, 10 March 2023). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.After obtaining approval from the hospital’s medical ethics committee and written consent from the patients, we enrolled 60 elderly patients with mild hypertension who underwent elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs from August 2021 to March 2022. The selected patients met the following criteria: 65 to 75 years of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of II or III, cardiac function class I or II, and blood pressure controlled within 160/90 mmHg after standardized treatment for those with a history of essential hypertension. None of the patients had serious arrhythmia or serious liver and kidney dysfunction, and none had a history of mental illness. The exclusion criteria were hypertension without regular medical therapy, bradycardia, and second-degree or worse atrioventricular block. The patients enrolled in the study comprised 27 male and 33 female patients with an age of 65 to 80 years and body weight of 50 to 78 kg. According to the order of treatment, the patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each: remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg (Group R) and propofol 1.5 mg/kg (Group P) (Fig. 
Flow of participants through the study