Background
A significant and growing proportion of people seen in primary care practices are 50 and over with one or more chronic conditions [Health coaching is an often-espoused method to assist adults in changing their lifestyle [Inadequate, imprecise descriptions of interventions and the need for more theory-based methods were the main limitations of the studies reviewed. Behavior change techniques and coaching protocols need to be transparent and replicable to build the evidence base of effective health coaching interventions [Considering this literature and prior limitations in health coaching interventions, we developed a theoretically driven, nurse health coaching program incorporating specific BCT strategies accessible to a broad group of older adults using the videoconferencing eHealth methods called the Healthy Lifetime program. Our program's overall goal is to intervene in early aging when individuals have the best chance for more extended-term benefits of changing their health behavior, staving off functional decline, and delaying the onset or exacerbation of chronic conditions [The principal aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Healthy Lifetime program using a randomized, controlled, pragmatic clinical trial methodology in participants 50 years and older with one or more chronic conditions. This paper provides the findings of this recently completed pragmatic randomized trial. The theoretical framework, BCT strategies, and intervention protocol are previously described [