2.2. Study Population
GDM
GDM
All the participants analyzed in this study belong to the cohort of the “San Carlos GDM prevention study”. The trials they were included in were previously registered as ISRCTN84389045, ISRCTN13389832, and ISRCTN16896947, were approved by the Ethics Committee of Hospital Clínico San Carlos (ethic codes CI 13/296-E, CI 16/442-E, and CI 16/316), and conducted according to the Helsinki Declaration. All women signed a letter of informed consent. The three studies were carried out consecutively. A total of 2526 normoglycemic women (fasting serum glucose (FSG) < 92 mg/dL) were allocated between the 8th and 12th GW into 2 groups. A total of 2228 women were evaluated at the end of pregnancy (625 women in the CG and 1603 in the IG). Participants were followed up during gestation and postpartum from 2015 to 2018. Throughout the years 2017–2020, women belonging to all groups were followed up at a 3-year postpartum visit. Hence, a total of 369/625 (59%) CG and 1031/1603(64.3%) IG women completed all the visits and were finally included in the analysis at both 3 months and 3 years postpartum. 