Patients and methods
multiple fistulae, hypospadias, PH, bleeding
MAY, BLEEDING
This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted between May 2021 and March 2023 after approval by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Urology Department and ethics committee. The study included 120 male children less than 10 years old presented to our outpatient clinic with hypospadias (80 with distal hypospadias (DHP) and 40 with proximal hypospadias (PH)). All patients were scheduled to undergo elective hypospadias repair and recruited for the study after obtaining informed consent from their patients’ guardians (parents).Children older than 10 years old and those with pre-existing complicated hypospadias (multiple fistulae and multiple surgeries), or bleeding diatheses were excluded. All procedures were performed by the same surgical team in our department. Neither testosterone nor dihydrotestosterone were administered preoperatively.Patients were randomized into two equal groups (closed envelope randomization). In group A, one ml of long acting local corticosteroid was injected at the end of the procedure, while in group B, we didn’t inject corticosteroids (Supplementary Fig. 1).