Immune-modulatory properties of nasal-spraying 
TNF-α
Next, we examined how levels of common pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, as well as levels of mucosal Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in nasopharyngeal samples were altered over the course of treatment. We anticipated that sprayed Pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (pg/mL) (Furthermore, we evaluated how spraying 