2.5. Calculation and Data Analysis
The data are presented as means ± SEM. The incremental areas and total areas under the curves (iAUC and AUC, respectively) were calculated using a trapezoidal model for every participant and test meal. The iAUC was calculated for statistical analyses of blood glucose and insulin concentrations. AUC was used for assessing the concentrations of TG, GLP-1, PYY, GIP, and ghrelin. The graph plotting and area calculation were conducted using GraphPad Prism (version 9.4, GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA).The randomization of the consumption sequence of the test meals was achieved using the randomization features available in Microsoft Excel (Washington, DC, USA). The variations in the results among different products (‘Meal’: PLH, PLL, RSO, and WWB) at different times throughout the experimental day (‘Time’) were assessed using a mixed model approach (PROC MIXED in SAS release 9.4; SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA) with repeated measures and an autoregressive covariance structure for the test variables. The subjects were treated as a random variable, with the associated baseline (fasting values) included as a covariate in the model. The physiological responses resulting from the test products were assessed using ANOVA (general linear model) followed by Tukey’s pairwise multiple comparison test in MINITAB Statistical Software (version 18.1, Minitab, Minitab Inc, State College, PA, USA). The significance level was set at a 