2.5. Statistical analysis
Our statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistical Package version 27 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics of the participants' demographics were calculated. The data were checked for normality by evaluating skewness, kurtosis, histogram, and normal plot, all of which confirmed a normal distribution. Three missing values were found to be missing at random with no outliers. The three experimental groups, namely, the urban nature group, marine nature group and forest nature group, were combined into the virtual nature group, whilst the two control groups, namely, the shopping mall group and city group, were combined into the urban group. Baseline data were compared between groups to detect the baseline difference. Paired sample 