2.8. Statistical Analysis
pain
The data analysis was carried out with SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive variables (pain, and gender) were recorded as percentages and frequencies. Numerical variables (e.g., age) were documented as mean + SD. The intention to treat analysis was performed. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data. Subsequently, the AE of control and experimental groups in terms of pain control during ACP and initial instrumentation was compared by using the Chi-square test. The baseline demographic characteristics such as age and gender were also compared between the two groups using the Chi-square test. The level of significance for the Chi-square test was set at 