Multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) for all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality based on restricted cubic spline analysis of sleep duration.
stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CVD, STROKE, EVENT, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, HYPERTENSION, DIABETES

In addition, individuals with a short objective sleep duration had high CVD mortality rates (Figure HRs and 95% CIs for Objective and Self‐Reported Sleep Duration Associated With CVD MortalityHR indicates hazard ratio.Crude event rate per 1000 person‐years.Adjusted by age and sex.Adjusted by age, race, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, history of major cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and stroke), history of chronic respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis), lipid‐lowering medication use, benzodiazepine use, apnea‐hypopnea index, and oxygen desaturation <90%.