Participants
The data was from a cross-sectional health survey carried out in Beijing among the community-based older adults in 2020, in which 5,829 participants were used for analysis in this study (The simple random sampling method was used to select the 50% of total older adults as the sample for simplification (marked as Sample A) and the other 50% as the sample for validation (marked as Sample B). There were no differences in demographic and original version health literacy scores found between the two samples.