Eligibility criteria
tooth mobility, pulpitis, pain, tooth, interradicular radiolucency
PULPITIS
A total of 108 primary second molars in ninety-seven children with an age range of 4–8 years were enrolled and evaluated using the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were apparently healthy cooperative children having nonvital deep carious mandibular primary second molars with sufficient coronal structure and at least two-thirds of root structure intact. All selected children had a previous history of irreversible pulpitis signs and symptoms as spontaneous pain, percussion sensitivity, fistulous tract related to the involved tooth, pathologic tooth mobility (grade-I mobility), and the presence of interradicular radiolucency (discontinuity of lamina dura and/or furcation involvement less than or equal to half of the shortest root) [Flowchart explaining the child patient’s randomization and allocation throughout the clinical study