Background
Fordyce believes, happiness, depression, deaths, Fordyce
SECONDARY, FORDYCE
Tobacco use kills eight million people worldwide annually. Among these, seven million and about 1.2 million deaths are secondary to direct tobacco use and smoke exposure, respectively [The spread and popularity of WPS in the current societies have been caused by several factors such as the misperception of its harmlessness or being less harmful than cigarette smoking, social acceptance, easy access to various tobacco flavors, and the low cost of hookah consumables [Psychological factors are among the other risk factors for the tendency toward WPS. Individuals with depression and those with sadness and lower levels of happiness are more likely to smoke water pipe and less likely to quit [As one of the pioneers of happiness-related studies, Fordyce believes that happiness is one of the gifts provided by nature to human and encompasses a wide range of fundamental efforts for survival, to great scientific and artistic achievements. Fordyce considers that the level of people’s happiness can be increased through education [A review of previous studies by the present research team showed that no study is available on the effect of a happiness-based interventions on tobacco use cessation. The WPS is relatively prevalent in the southern cities of Iran. and the women’s tendency toward tobacco use is increasing [