Patients
acute myocardial infarction, thrombotic diseases, hemorrhagic, stroke, liver or kidney disease, allergic reactions
SEVERE ANEMIA, OSTEOARTHRITIS, ALLERGIC REACTION
Patients scheduled for an initial unilateral TKA were screened. All patients were ≥ 18 years old and provided written informed consent. The selection criteria were as follows: (1) patients’ clinical symptoms, signs, and radiological examination findings were consistent with the diagnosis of osteoarthritis; (2) patients’ knee joint Kellgren-Lawrence grading was III–IV and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grading was II-III; and (3) patients had normal routine preoperative blood examination and coagulation function. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) hemorrhagic or thrombotic diseases; (2) current anticoagulation therapy; (3) allergic reactions to drugs involved in this trial; and (4) severe anemia, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, severe liver or kidney disease, or other conditions that are not suitable for surgery.