Data collection and outcomes
pelvic floor dysfunction, Pelvic Floor Distress
PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE
Demographic and clinical data, including age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and the number of pregnancies and parity were collected by face-to-face interviews. POP was classified according to the international POP-Q classification. A blinded experienced physiotherapist performed evaluations of study outcomes at pre-intervention (T0, 2 months after surgery), 3 months after surgery (T1), and 6 months after surgery (T2).The primary outcome was the recovery of urination function, which was classified into 3 levels: (1) recovered, the achievement of patient’s automatic micturition with residual urine ≤ 50 mL; (2) improved, the achievement of patient’s automatic micturition with residual urine 50–100 mL; (3) invalidated, the automatic micturition was not achieved, or residual urine was ≥ 100 mL.The second outcomes included the PFM strength and the change of Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Questionnaire-20 (PFDI-20) scores. The strength of PFM were evaluated via both digital palpation and EMG. PFM strength on digital palpation was assessed by a validated method and classified by the modified Oxford scale [PFDI-20 is a questionnaire designed to comprehensively evaluate the distress caused by the presence of pelvic floor dysfunction. PFDI-20 consisted of 3 scales: the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory (POPDI-6), the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), and the Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI-8). The higher score indicated higher symptom burden [