Hospitals
The 9 participating hospitals included 1 university hospital, 1 nonteaching hospital, and 7 teaching hospitals. In Germany, the standard of care includes postsurgery rehabilitation in an inpatient or ambulatory care setting for 3 weeks. Five of the participating hospitals offer inpatient rehabilitation, but where patients receive rehabilitation depends on their health insurance. Both intervention and control group patients equally received the German preoperative and postoperative standard of care. Yearly case volumes per hospital in 2020 ranged from 348 to 2137 (mean, 1051) for hip replacement and from 284 to 1982 (mean, 952) for knee replacement.