2.3. Eligibility Criteria
seizures, infection, rupture, psychosomatic disorders, depression, drug abuse
INFECTION, COAGULATION DISORDERS
The inclusion criteria were as follows: lumbar laminectomy surgery candidates; age range of 18–65 years; ASA physical status I or II; and mental competency for cooperation and responding, including learning the numerical scoring criteria and working with a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. The patient's surgeon was made aware of his participation in the study and was allowed to perform alternative procedures if necessary. Exclusion criteria included a history of uncontrolled seizures, depression, local infection, rupture and repair of the dura during surgery, severe coagulation disorders, drug abuse or dependence, sensitivity to any of the compounds used in the study, need for mechanical ventilation for any reason after the operation, and patients with known psychosomatic disorders. The patients participated in this study after providing informed consent.