Conclusions
congenital anomalies
ADVERSE EVENTS, MISCARRIAGE
In patients with poor ovarian reserve, G-CSF priming in 2 consecutive cycles preceding ART significantly improved fertilization and embryonic development in ART therapy. Consequently, rates of implantation and clinical and ongoing pregnancy by fresh ET were significantly increased. The cumulative live birth rate was significantly higher in the G-CSF group than controls. G-CSF priming also significantly increased serum AMH, consistent with enhancement of preantral follicle growth–a mechanism differing from those previously suggested for implantation improvement by G-CSF. We observed no effects of G-CSF priming on miscarriage rates or any association of its efficacy with KIR genotypes. G-CSF priming showed no adverse events in our subjects or their fetuses. All infants born to subjects receiving G-CSF were free of congenital anomalies and had weights, birth weeks, and Apgar scores similar to those born to controls. This study proposes a novel, simple, and safe treatment for poor ovarian reserve.