Tooth-related criteria
pain
Presence of a restorable mandibular first permanent molar with signs and symptoms of SIP and a history of spontaneous lingered pain precipitated by thermal stimuli [The SIP diagnosis was confirmed, via the early response to the electric pulp test (EPT) and the positive response to thermal pulp testing [A periapical radiograph revealed a closed apical foramen in a mandibular first permanent molar (class 5 according to Cvek’s stages of root development).Negative findings of preoperative periapical radiographs with intact periodontal ligament space.Only patients who have arrived at the clinic and rated their pain intensity as moderate or severe according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) preoperatively (i.e., before IANB injection) [