Participants
CM
This study is being conducted within an established university-based addictions clinic in the southeast USA. Participants (Due to the high likelihood of relapse during MOUD treatment initiation, we are recruiting patients at their first visit to the clinic and providing adjunctive intervention (CM or BSM) only for the first 4 visits for MOUD with the addiction medicine physician. However, because there is risk of illicit opioid use for individuals who switch MOUD providers, we consider all new patients to the clinic eligible, regardless of prior experience with MOUD. Those who are non-adherent will be re-randomized (described below).