Introduction
infected pancreatic necrosis, gallstone, necrosis infection, necrotic, organ dysfunction, organ failure, necrosis, sepsis, non-malignant gastroenterological disorder
INFECTED PANCREATIC NECROSIS, GALLSTONE, NECROTIC, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, STERILE, SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME, ACUTE PANCREATITIS, NECROSIS, SEPSIS, PANCREATIC NECROSIS
With an incidence of about 34 cases per 100,000 people, acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most frequent non-malignant gastroenterological disorder leading to hospitalisation worldwide [The early clinical course of severe AP is characterised by a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response syndrome, organ dysfunction, and acute fluid or necrotic collections. After recovery from the acute phase, 20% of patients present necrosis involving the pancreatic parenchyma, the surrounding fatty tissue, or both. While most necrotic collections remain sterile, about 30% of these patients will develop a superimposed necrosis infection, which is usually diagnosed by the presence of gas in the collections, positive culture of the pancreatic necrosis aspirate, and persistent sepsis or ongoing clinical deterioration. Prognostic factors associated with the development of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in patients with acute necrotising or severe AP include older age, gallstone aetiology, greater than 50% necrosis of the pancreas, delayed enteral nutrition, multiple or persistent organ failure, and invasive mechanical ventilation [With a mortality rate of up to 35%, IPN carries the clinical challenge of working with a multidisciplinary approach, determining proper timing for interventions, and identifying appropriate treatment strategies based on individual patient anatomy, pathophysiology, and local expertise [In the study by Wu et al