Physical mechanisms
This study employed a RCT to investigate the effects of TC exercise on the prevention and treatment of OP in middle-aged and elderly individuals. While the results provide insight into the impact of TC exercise on BMD improvement, it is imperative to elucidate the underlying mechanism, which potentially involves mechanical loading-induced osteogenesis [The underlying mechanism of how TC exercise enhances BMD in middle-aged and elderly individuals remains elusive. Nonetheless, it is established that the deterioration of bone metabolism in adults can result in an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, leading to loss of bone mineral [