Overall proficiency score
There was no significant difference in total baseline proficiency scores for the HL2 and video groups (9.11 ± 3.36 vs. 10.2 ± 2.66, p = 0.303). The HL2 teaching group showed a significantly greater gain in raw point proficiency scores compared to the video group (10.1 ± 2.48 vs. 6.89 ± 4.03, p = 0.0076) as illustrated in Fig. 
Bar chart depicting the mean proficiency score gain of each group (n = 18/group) on a per participant basis. Those in the HoloLens group showed a significantly greater raw point improvement in proficiency scores (10.1 ± 2.48 vs. 6.89 ± 4.03, p = 0.0076) and greater consistency in skill progression (SD 2.48 vs. 4.03, F