Challenge tests
A major aspect of phenotypic flexibility is the ability to recover from transient metabolic perturbations reflected in changes in plasma levels of metabolites and signaling molecules when challenged with food intake. Two dietary challenges were carried out after overnight fasting at baseline and after 12 wk of the intervention to assess changes in metabolism:OGTT, when blood samples were taken at MMTT, based on a liquid, high-fat, and high-glucose drink [Further details about the dietary challenges are presented in Supplementary Methods.