3.1.1. Participants
RECRUITMENT
The prior sample size calculation using G-power 3.1 showed the need for at least 158 participants. Considering the potential for dropouts, we recruited 280 participants with convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were residing in China, aged between 18 and 55 years, had not participated in Study 1, and capable of operating smartphones and WeChat apps. Three hundred participants enrolled in this study by completing the recruitment questionnaire, which occurred in early July 2020 when the pandemic was still in its regular prevention and control phase. The final sample comprised 167 participants (31 men), with an average age of 22.99 years (