Ratings of perceived pain
’, pain
Replicating previous results, in the placebo (i.e. non-drug) condition participants rated the thermal stimulation as less intense after actively winning pain relief compared to the passive control condition, as rated on visual analogue scales (VAS) from ‘no sensation’ (0) over ‘just painful’ (100) to ‘most intense pain tolerable’ (200). Furthermore, participants also rated the stimulation as more intense after actively losing compared to the passive control condition (