Results of the between‐subject analysis
In addition to within‐subject comparison, we tested whether changes in physiological parameters during anticipation, challenge, and recovery differed significantly among the experimental groups. For this purpose, we first calculated how much physiological parameters deviated from their baseline measures. Then, we performed a series of one‐way ANOVAs to explore whether changes in these values differed between the background TV, classical music, and silence groups. As illustrated in Table One‐way ANOVA of change scores of psychophysiological indices among the anticipation, challenge, and recovery periods.
HR, SDNN, RMSSD, and Log HF changes in all experimental groups. (a) HR changes, (b) SDNN, (c) RMSSD, (d) Log HF changes during the experiment for the background TV, classical music, and silence (control) group. *