Participants
lung malignancy
LUNG MALIGNANCY, METASTATIC TUMOR
Consecutive adult candidates for surgery (age ≥ 18 years) to treat confirmed or suspected lung malignancy (clinical stage IIIA or lower) who had medical approval for exercise and surgery scheduled for at least 2 weeks from the baseline assessment were considered for inclusion. The exclusion criteria ruled out metastatic tumor, contraindications for exercise training or physical testing (Table Potential participants were identified during routine appointments for pulmonology or thoracic surgery and invited to participate by their medical staff. If eligible, patients were contacted by the research team, who provided oral and written information about the trial. All patients who agreed to participate signed a written informed consent before any study assessment.