Limitation of this study
cancer, anxiety, pain
CANCER
This study is a randomized controlled trial that can effectively control bias and ensure study quality. However, this study is a single-center study with insufficient sample representation. To enhance the reliability of lidocaine spray in reducing needle puncture pain in cancer patients implanted with TIVAP, a multi-center study with a larger sample size is required. Moreover, this study did not assess individual pain sensitivity and pre-maintenance anxiety, which may affect the degree of individual pain. Further intervention research is warranted in the future.