Interventions, clinical measurements, and data collection
Angina, diabetic care and cardiology clinics
BRUCE
Patients who met our inclusion criteria were recruited from outpatient visits at comprehensive diabetic care and cardiology clinics. An informed consent form was signed by each person before the patient was enrolled. All Patients had baseline ECG, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) measurements recorded, as well as height and weight. Also, patients completed the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Patients were assessed at study visits for major outcomes, including BP, HR, and exercise stress test with a modified Bruce protocol at the time of enrollment and 8 weeks later.After enrollment, the study consisted of two consecutive phases. The first was a 4‐week run‐in period for extended screening. Cases with SAQ <90 were kept under remote observation for about four consecutive weeks. If SAQ remained less than 90, the participant entered the randomization process. Eligible subjects were randomized to receive either a placebo or empagliflozin (25 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Prior prescribed antianginal drugs were continued for participants in both arms during the study period. Both investigators and participants remained blinded to the treatment arms until the completion of the trial, and data collection was performed by a physician. Participants were followed each week with telephone calls for assurance of proper daily pill consumption and to report possible side effects.