Data collection
DISEASES
Collected data included patient age, sex, BMI, ASA class, coexisting diseases, and the type of antihypertensive medication used. The IVCCI (primary outcome) was calculated based on the measurement before the induction of GA. Hemodynamics (HR, SAP, and MAP) were recorded as a baseline (before induction of anesthesia), after induction of GA and before endotracheal intubation and 5, 10, and 15 min after endotracheal intubation. The lowest SAP and MAP values after induction of general anesthesia were used to calculate the percentage of maximum change from respective baseline values.