Biomarker analysis
INSULIN RESISTANCE, ALDRICH
To estimate in vivo biological effects of the 3‐day CR, plasma samples were analyzed using commercially available assay kits for ketone bodies (b‐hydroxybutyric acid, BOH; and acetoacetic acid, AcAc; Sigma Aldrich, Burlington, MA), factors that regulate metabolism (insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, cortisol; RayBiotech, Peachtree, GA), and factors that influence hunger/satiety (leptin, ghrelin, protein YY, neuropeptide Y; RayBiotech, Peachtree, GA). From glucose, mentioned above, and insulin the homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was calculated using published formula (Matthews et al., 