The inhalation aromatherapy protocol
fracture, phototoxic
PHOTOTOXICITY
In the intervention group, 5 drops of lemon essence was put on the patient's surgical facemask when the patients were in orthopedic clinical treatment rooms until he/she was transferred to the operation room. In the operation room and during orthopedic surgery, it was poured on a cotton ball and attached to the participants’ clothes with a distance 20 cm from the patient's nose. In the recovery room or post-anesthesia care unit (PSCU), it was poured on a cotton and inserted in the upper and right edge of oxygen mask which covered the patients’ nose and mouth. In the control group, bitter almond oil, which was odorless, was used in a similar way to the intervention group. A researcher assistant conducted the intervention. In fact, aromatherapy was done continuously. That is, the essential oil was poured on the surgical mask or cotton in each of the groups and inserted in the desired location. Cotton or surgical mask was replaced every two hours with essential oil aromatherapy. Aromatherapy was started in the morning of the lower limb fracture surgery and extended at two-hour intervals until [The lemon essence was a product of Barij Essence Pharmaceutical Co. and the certificate of decomposition of it was approved and delivered by the quality control unit. In fact, the production and analysis process of lemon essential oil was conducted by Barij Essence Pharmaceutical Co. To analyse lemon essential oil, we used a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry device (Agilent technologies model 6890). Analysis of lemon essential oil showed that the major components consisted of limonene, β- terpinene, γ terpinene, β-caryophyllene, neral, α-terpineol, neryl acetate, geranial, and geranyl acetate.Limited information has been reported on the side effects of lemon essence. It was reported that distilled sour lemon essence was not phototoxic. Unsolved essence irritated rabbits and mice moderately. However, a previous study showed that lemon essence had a lower risk of phototoxicity and that it was not allergenic [