Critical appraisal
A summary of the critical appraisal for randomized controlled trials are presented in Fig. Critical appraisal of randomized studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was determined by JH after consideration of assessments done by JH, SB, PB and VD, using the Joanna Briggs Institute/University of Adelaide critical appraisal tools. Study first authors, years of publication, and country of origin are listed vertically, and different biases are listed horizontally. A “traffic light” model was used to describe concerns for various biases. Low, some, and high concerns for biases were indicated with green, yellow, and red colours respectivelyCritical appraisal of non-randomized studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was determined by JH after consideration of assessments done by JH, SB, PB and VD, using the Joanna Briggs Institute/University of Adelaide critical appraisal tools. Study first authors, years of publication, and country of origin are listed vertically, and different biases are listed horizontally. A “traffic light” model was used to describe concerns for various biases. Low, some, and high concerns for biases were indicated with green, yellow, and red colours respectively