2.9. Statistical Analysis
SE
REGRESSION
The data are presented as the mean and standard deviation (SD) or standard error (SE). All analyses were conducted using a two-tailed test, with a significance level of 5%. The participant baseline data were compared between groups using Student’s For the efficacy assessment, multiple regression analysis was performed with changes from menstrual cycles −1 to 3 as the dependent variable. The explanatory variables included the group (placebo group = 0, OLL2809 group = 1), the analgesic use score for menstrual cycle −1, the stress score, and regular exercise habits (at least once a week; absent = 0, present = 1). These variables were chosen because of the significant differences in analgesic use scores between the two groups in this study. Previous research has indicated that stress and exercise habits can influence menstrual symptoms [