Procedure
thirty-four, complaints of knee pain
Ninety-four patients with complaints of knee pain underwent screening for grade II knee OA. However, thirty-four patients were excluded during the initial evaluation because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining 60 patients were randomly allocated into two intervention groups (with each group consisting of 30 patients): Group 1 performed only knee strengthening exercises, and Group 2 performed both knee strengthening exercises and polyvagal theory–based exercises. Randomization was performed at a 1:1 allocation ratio using sealed envelopes. Figure A CONSORT (2010) flow chart of the study design.