Outcome measurement
Diabetes
BLOOD, INSULIN RESISTANCE, DIABETES
Blood samples (10 ml) were collected from all participants at the beginning and end of the trial. These samples were obtained following a 12- to 14-hour overnight fast while the individuals were in a seated posture between 7:00 and 9:00 AM. The blood samples were tested at the Mesan Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology laboratory, certified and operated by the government. The analysis was conducted on the same day as the blood collection and included the following tests: PLP blood level, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO).