3.4. Temperature Changes
In our study the temperature changes on the outer root surface during activation, induced by an Er:YAG laser while applying 17% EDTA solution, was measured on the outer root surface. The irrigant was engaged for 10 and 20 s using 1 W, 20 Hz, 50 mJ, and a very short pulse length with a flat and tapered tip, resulting in a temperature change of no more than 4 °C. The average temperature range was (23.2–27.1 °C). 