2.8. Statistical analysis
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The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22.0 (SPSS 22.0; IBM, Armonk, NY) and presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The sex ratio of participants was assessed by chi-square test. The mean differences among multiple groups were calculated by one-way ANOVA. For samples with equal SDs, Turkey’s post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons, and for samples with different SDs, Dunnett’s T3 post hoc test was used. Therapeutic effects were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test by ranks and one-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test.