4. Discussion
vomiting milk, breast milk, breast milk frequency
In this study, The frequency of defecation during the intervention decreased over the first 3 months of life in both groups (The gut microbiota of breastfed infants was reported to be dominated by In the M-63 group, there was a significant positive correlation between the breastfeeding rate and the relative abundance of Maternal antimicrobial use at delivery has been reported to have a stronger effect than the mode of delivery on the gut microbiota, in particularly colonization of bifidobacteria [Evaluation of intestinal metabolites at 1 month of intervention showed a significant increase in acetic acid in stools and a decrease in n-butanoic acid in the M-63 group compared to the placebo group (Ingestion of Frese et al. [Mothers recorded the number of episodes and duration of crying for more than 30 min and the number of instances of regurgitation and vomiting milk in their diaries for the seven days prior to 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months of age. There was no difference between the groups in the number of episodes and duration of crying for more than 30 min (Potential limitations of this study are that it was conducted at a single center in Japan and that we were unable to evaluate the effects of the composition of breast milk on the infant’s gut microbiota and immune indices. However, the effects of breast milk should have been limited to some extent, as confirmed by the fact that breast milk frequency was studied and was comparable in both feeding groups. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of early bifidobacterial intervention and its beneficial effects on healthy full-term infants, a detailed analysis of the association between gut microbiota and clinical benefit is needed, and the results of this analysis will be reported as a separate study. Further studies, including long-term follow-ups, are also needed to determine the impact of early bifidobacterial intervention on the health of growing infants.