Discussion
TCM
ESCHERICHIA, SHIGELLA
At present, the number of reports on the effects of the GM on bone metabolism have increased (In this study, the investigation of two groups of OP patients with different GM conditions due to intervention and the differences in the metabolites showed that the treatment group improved more than the control group. The BMD in the treatment group improved significantly more than that in the control group; the results also indicate that YGD not only improves BMD in OP patients but also improves the GM, which is indirectly involved in the prevention of OP, confirming the results of our previous study (Metabolomics is performed by quantifying metabolites from the GM and can be used to identify the relative relationship of metabolites with physio pathological changes. Reports on capsazepine suggest that it may direct bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells toward pro-osteogenic differentiation to combat OP, and the main mechanism may involve transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) intervention (To maintain a stable niche, the interaction between microbial metabolites and host signals influences a variety of metabolic pathways in the host, strongly influences the host metabolic phenotype, promotes the evolutionary adaptation of the host, and promotes a mutually beneficial relationship between the host and microbes. The combined study of the microbiome and metabolome can help us better understand how environmental microbes and their associated metabolism and cometabolism with the host influence the environment within the host or the host metabolic state. Through combined analysis, we found that the metabolites dichlorprop, capsazepine, D-pyroglutamic acid and tamsulosin had the strongest and most positive correlations with microorganisms. However, at present, there are few reports on how the metabolites D-pyroglutamic acid and tamsulosin affect bone metabolism, and further studies may need to confirm their mechanism in OP.This study explored the role of TCM in improving the GM through different intervention modalities. Through research, we found that some gut microbes, such as Escherichia Shigella, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Blautia and Holdemanella, were changed significantly in OP patients under TCM intervention. The functions of the GM that change significantly are mainly reflected in three processes, including metabolic function, genetic information processing and cellular processes. The main metabolites that have been linked to the development of OP include capsazepine and Phe – Tyr, and they may mainly act through metabolic pathways, the TCA cycle, and beta alanine metabolism. This finding validates previous relevant studies and demonstrates that there may be a certain advantage of TCM interventions targeting the GM. In this study, we also identified differential metabolites with possible connections to OP, including dichlorprop, capsazepine, D-pyroglutamic acid and tamsulosin.