Results
infection
INFECTION
A total of 24 patients diagnosed with primary endodontic infection and AP were included in the study. Table 
demographic information of participantsThe analysis of periapical tissue fluid revealed the presence of IL-1β, PGE-2, and ATL in all samples. In the aspirin group, significant differences were observed for all three cytokines before and after treatment (P-value = 0.001). PGE2 levels displayed a substantial decrease from 2.41 to 0.58 (P-value = 0.001). Similarly, IL-1β level exhibited a notable decline from an initial mean value of 9.14 to 2.74 (P-value = 0.001). Conversely, ATL demonstrated a significant increase from an initial value of 0.805 to 2.78 after treatment (P-value = 0.001). In contrast, the placebo group did not exhibit a significant difference in mean scores before and after treatment (P-value > 0.05). Additional information can be found in Fig. 
Graphic representation of the mediator levels before and after treatment in test and placebo group. (