Discussion
anxiety, pain
This RCT is one of the few to investigate the effects of a VR-based intervention in reducing preoperative anxiety among adult patients undergoing elective surgery in a preanesthetic assessment clinic setting. The results provide promising evidence that the VR-based intervention can effectively improve preoperative anxiety, stress, preparedness, and pain in adult patients undergoing elective surgery.A significant reduction in preoperative anxiety was observed by adopting the VR-based intervention in a preanesthetic assessment clinic. These results align with those of prior related studies.Another possible reason for the significant reduction in preoperative anxiety among participants in the VR-based group could be the information guidance they received about their anesthesia and surgical procedures. Previous studies have shown that providing preoperative information to patients, including the journey to the operating theater for surgery, effectively decreases preoperative anxiety.The results of this study revealed that participants in the VR-based intervention group experienced significantly less stress and better preparedness compared with the control group. These findings are consistent with those of similar studies.The participants’ satisfaction level toward the preoperative services was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. Previous studies have also found positive results when applying VR interventions before and during surgeryThis study found no significant effects of the VR-based intervention on pain levels. These results differ from those of a previous meta-analysis.Similar to previous studies,