Background
glioblastoma
EGFRVIII, GLIOBLASTOMA, BRAIN TUMOR
Outcomes for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal human brain tumor, remain poor despite combined treatment including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy [Immunotherapy with genetically modified T cells expressing different CARs is currently under investigation for GBM. Clinical trials with CAR-T cells targeting interleukin(IL)-13Rα2, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) for GBM treatment have been completed [To address the safety concerns and to improve the anti-tumor efficacy, we used a fourth-generation safety-designed CAR (4SCAR). The 4SCAR consisted of CD28 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, co-stimulatory 4-1BB intracellular TRAF binding domain, CD3z chain intracellular domain, and an inducible suicide caspase 9 gene [