Participant Demographics
Demographic characteristics included age in years and highest grade completed. All participants were unemployed at the baseline interview; previous employment occurred in the last 12 months (1) or not (0). Sociodemographic characteristics included partnership status (a partner or not), living with parents/partners, having a monthly income greater than ZAR 500 [$32/month, yes = 1; or no (0)], type of housing, presence of water on the property (or not), flush toilets (or not), and electricity on site (or not). Food insecurity was assessed at the baseline using one self-report item on the number of days in the last week hungry from the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). This item has been found to be highly correlated with the nine-item scale to determine food security across different cultural contexts, specifically in Cape Town [HIV testing was self-reported as occurring (1) in their lifetime or not (0), as well as within last 6 months (1) or not (0) at baseline. Initially, it was anticipated to be an outcome measure. HIV testing could not be used as an outcome measure for two reasons—the intervention included bringing HIV testing agencies to the soccer practices at least on a monthly basis and participants reported this testing at the 6-month assessment. Perhaps more important, almost all men reported recent HIV testing based on the study’s offer of HIV testing at the assessment because HIV testing was offered at the assessments and participants reported this as being tested during the last period. Therefore, HIV testing is reported at the baseline assessment but was not used as an outcome measure.