Dietary assessment
A dietary assessment was conducted to calculate nutrient intake before trial commencement. All participants were permitted to eat freely, and their food intake was recorded for 3 days using a food diary and camera. Thereafter, a dietitian reviewed the recorded data to follow up and estimate participants' nutrient intake using Excel add-in software (Excel Eiyou-kun Ver. 6.0; Kenpakusha Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).