Statistical analysis
We did not complete a formal sample size calculation for this study due to the exploratory nature of the research question. Fasted (morning) and postprandial (evening) blood samples were analysed separately. We calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides measured by standard clinical chemistry and NMR spectroscopy in the fasted and postprandial samples. Data are expressed as means with standard deviation SD and estimates with 95% confidence intervals.As a first step in the exploratory analysis, we performed a PCA comparing samples from baseline to after 5 days on the HFD. We then employed multilevel PLS-DA for supervised analysisWe used RM-ASCA+We also used univariate analyses to investigate each of the 100 lipoprotein subfraction variables. To determine the effect of 5 days of HFD on lipoprotein subclasses, we used paired samples t-tests, with adjustments for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure