2.1. Participants 
depression, PTSD
Participants were recruited at five hospitals that were geographically distributed around Italy. The criteria for inclusion in the sample were (1) working in a hospital with a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU); (2) having continuously worked 24 h/week at the same hospital for at least 6 months; (3) having worked for at least 6 months, since the beginning of the public health emergency, in a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or COVID-19 hospital ward (4) not having received a diagnosis of depression or PTSD before the onset of the COVID-19 emergency.The data were collected between April 2020 and April 2021. One hundred thirty-five HCWs agreed to take part. Their median age was 46.34 years (SD = 10.96). Most of the participants were women [74.1%], married and with children. They worked principally as nurses, physicians, and allied HCWs. All had completed at least an undergraduate degree program (see 