Longitudinal responses to the simulated military operation intervention and recovery
A main effect of phase was observed for all BIA vectors examined (all Changes in BIA parameters for each study phase.
Abbreviations: BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; Legs, average of left and right legs; PhA, phase angle; PLA, participants randomized to 750 mg sesame oil solution on day 8; POST, after the 20‐day simulated, multi‐stressor military operation; PRE, before the 20‐day simulated, multi‐stressor military operation; R, resistance; REC, after the 23‐day recovery period; TEST, participants randomized to 750 mg testosterone undecanoate on day 8; Whole, whole‐body; Xc, reactance; Z, impedance.Depiction of the bioelectrical analysis vector displacements from PRE to POST in (a) the whole body and (b) average of the left and right legs. Data are presented as the means of TEST and PLA. Note that angles are not to scale. PhA, phase angle; PLA, participants randomized to 750 mg sesame oil solution on day 8; POST, after the 20‐day simulated, multi‐stressor military operation; PRE, before the 20‐day simulated, multi‐stressor military operation; R, resistance; TEST, participants randomized to 750 mg testosterone undecanoate on day 8; Xc, reactance.Changes in (a) whole‐body phase angle and (b) the average of the left and right leg phase angle during each study phase. Data were analyzed using mixed‐model analyses of variances (ANOVA) with subject as a random effect, and group (TEST and PLA), time (PRE, POST, and REC), and group × time interaction were considered fixed effects in the model. As both the whole‐body and average leg phase angle data were non‐normally distributed, data were logChanges in physical performance variables throughout this study have previously been reported in the intent‐to‐treat population (a larger sample of participants) (see Figure 5 and Supplementary Tables 2–6 in Varanoske et al., Changes in physical performance parameters for each study phase.
Abbreviations: PLA, participants randomized to 750 mg sesame oil solution on day 8; POST, after the 20‐day simulated, multi‐stressor military operation; PRE, before the 20‐day simulated, multi‐stressor military operation; REC, after the 23‐day recovery period; TEST, participants randomized to 750 mg testosterone undecanoate on day 8.When groups were pooled, PhA