Study outcomes
NRS, pain
COMPLICATIONS
The primary outcome was the number of vertebral levels reached by the solution in each volume. Secondary outcomes included the assessment of NRS scores at 1, 2, and 3 months after the injection, patient satisfaction after 3 months (measured on a linear scale ranging from very satisfied to very unsatisfied), the correlation between the levels of solution spread and pain improvement with patient satisfaction, and the occurrence of any complications during or after the injection.The same anesthesiologist who performed the block assessed the number of vertebral levels reached by the solution and managed any reported complications. NRS scores and patient satisfaction were evaluated by another team member who was unaware of the patients' group assignments.