Exercise tests
All participants performed two exercise tests, on two separate days, with 1–3 days in between. First, a maximal arm cranking test was performed to define the participants’ cardiorespiratory responses at maximal effort. Based on the results obtained from the first maximal exercise test, participants performed a second test, which consisted of several bouts of arm cranking at high intensity, i.e. 85–95% of their peak heart rate, followed by a maximal exercise test. Both tests were performed at the clinical physiological laboratory at Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital.