Intervention protocol
stroke
STROKE
Patients in the control group were managed according to the standard anesthetic techniques at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologists without any specific protocol. The attending anesthesiologists made all decisions regarding the amount and rate of fluid administration and the use of vasoconstrictors and inotropes. Patients in the GDHT group were managed according to the predefined GDHT algorithm (Fig. 
Algorithm for goal-directed hemodynamic therapySVI stroke volume index, MAP mean arterial pressure, CI cardiac index, NE norepinephrine, TTE transthoracic echocardiography, TEE transesophageal echocardiography