MWA procedure and chemotherapy
tumor, tumors, opacity
TUMOR, OPACITY, TUMORS, COLD, COMPLICATIONS
The MWA procedures were conducted by 15 chief physicians with  ≥ 5 years of experience in tumor ablation. To guide MWA, computed tomography (CT) was applied. MWA were operated with several common microwave ablation systems. The maximal output power we utilized was 70 W. Before the procedure, planning of the puncture point and the “target skin distance” for the target lesion was conducted. Once adequate anesthesia was achieved, an incision was made at the puncture point and the microwave antenna was inserted into the target lesion under CT guidance in accordance with the previous plan. If tumors were larger than 3.5 cm, two antennae would be utilized. Prior to initiating MWA, the cold circulating pipes, and pumps were connected to the antennae and machine. Technical success was determined by the attainment of post-ablation ground glass opacity measurements that exceeded the target lesion by a range of 5 to 10 mm. After 24–48 h of MWA, CT scans without enhancement were employed to screen whether there were ablation-related complications that required proper intervention.The chemotherapy was generally conducted 7 days after the MWA procedure. Pemetrexed, paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, or vinorelbine were administrated for chemotherapy. Cisplatin, nedaplatin, or carboplatin were applied as the corresponding platinum. The chemotherapy was performed by intravenous administration and repeated every 3 weeks and at most 6 cycles. Chemotherapy response was assessed every 6 weeks amid the therapy. Contrast-enhanced CT scans of the chest were conducted at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, and 36-month during the follow-up and repeated every 3 months after treatment was completed. All the detailed therapy-related product information can be found in eTable 