Introduction
edentulous, PES
Implant-supported restorations to rehabilitate partially edentulous patients have become a standardized and predictable therapy with high survival and success rates [The Biologically Oriented Dental Preparation Technique (B.O.P.T.) has been proposed as a technique to vertically prepare dental abutments without a finishing line [These concepts have been transferred to implant-supported restorations by designing an implant with a convergent transmucosal neck and abutments without a finishing line (Prama, Sweden & Martina). This concept is in line with a published guideline for the management of the implant restoration, where a subcritical contour as convergent (concave) as possible is recommended [Today, there is a vast variety of tools and techniques to assess the dimensions and the appearance of peri-implant soft tissues. Several indices have been proposed, such as the pink esthetic score (PES) (14) or the PES and white esthetic score (PES/WES) [Therefore, the aim of the present randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of tissue-level implants with a convergent transmucosal neck and abutments without a finishing line on marginal bone levels (MBLs) and soft tissue dimensions changes 12 months after loading and compare it to conventional bone-level implants with abutments with a horizontal finishing line (Fig. CONSORT flow diagram