1. Introduction
T2D, CKD, nondiabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, NDKD, diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES, DIABETES
Globally, approximately 536.6 million (10.5%) people had diabetes in 2021, and the number is expected to rise to 783.2 million (12.2%) by 2045 [In clinical situations, patients with T2D accompanied by chronic kidney disease (CKD) are commonly seen. Apart from DN, nondiabetic kidney disease (NDKD) accounts for a large proportion of cases. A review identified 40 studies (5304 data) worldwide from 1977 to 2019 that examined global renal biopsy in type 2 diabetes patients, and the overall prevalence rates of DN, NDKD, and DN plus NDKD were reported to be 41.3%, 40.6%, and 18.1%, respectively [In our study, by retrospectively analyzing the clinical data and histopathological results of T2D patients, we compared the differences between the clinical characteristics of DN and NDKD, analyzed the clinical characteristics and risk factors of DN, and then established a DN risk score model for T2D patients to help clinicians better differentiate DN and NDKD, providing a reference for clinical treatment.