Introduction
periodontitis, MINST, PD, intrabony defects, calculus
PERIODONTITIS, PLAQUE
The initial periodontal treatment aims to minimise supra/subgingival plaque, calculus deposits, and bacterial load through behavioural adjustments and risk factor management, supported by non-surgical debridement techniques. As the second stage therapeutic measure, surgical intervention or extractions are recommended for more advanced periodontitis [Nibali et al. devised a minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal treatment protocol (MINST). According to their retrospective case series evaluation, using MINST as a non-surgical periodontal treatment for intrabony defects resulted in decreased probing depth (PD), increased clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographically determined bone fill [However, when treating advanced periodontitis, supra-alveolar (horizontal) defects are found to be three to nine times more prevalent than intrabony defects. Their ability for regeneration is limited, and therapeutic effectiveness remains a challenge [The study by Iorio-Siciliano et al. [