Inclusion criteria
COPD, ARF
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD, ARF
To be eligible for randomization, patients must meet all the following criteria:Age ≥ 18 years old;Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation or with hypercapnic ARF of a different etiology receiving NIV (i) to avoid intubation (pH < 7.35 with an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCOPatients must be admitted to the ICU, intermediate respiratory care unit, respiratory medicine service, or internal medicine service according to the hospital organization; andTreatment forecast must be greater or equal to 24 h.