Results
nausea, postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, vomiting, PONV, NRS
A total of 206 patients were included in this study during the period between March 2022 and October 2022. Nine patients did not meet the inclusion criteria, and eight patients did not provide consent to participate in the study and were excluded. Therefore, 189 patients, [(R group, n = 94); (P group, n = 95)] completed the study (Fig. 
CONSORT diagram
Clinical characteristics and intraoperative variables of patientsData are presented as number of patients (percentages) or mean ± standard deviation. ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, BMI body mass indexClinical characteristics of the patients, PONV risk factors (female sex and nonsmoking status), and intraoperative variables related to anesthesia and surgery were similar between the two groups (Table 
Incidence of PONV and antiemetic treatment during the first 24 h after surgeryData are presented as number of patients (percentage). PONV postoperative nausea and vomitingDuring the first 24 h after surgery, the incidence of PONV was 11.7% in the R group and 10.5% in the P group, and there were no significant differences between the two groups at 0–1 h, 1–6 h, 6–24 h, or during the entire 24 h (P > 0.05). The incidence of nausea for the entire 24 h was 11.7% in the R group and 10.5% in the P group, and the incidence of vomiting for the first 24 h was 2.1% in the R group and 1.1% in the P group (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting between the two groups at 0–1 h, 1–6 h, 6–24 h, and 24 h postoperatively (P > 0.05). We also found that 10.6% of patients in the R group and 10.5% of patients in the P group required rescue antiemetics within 24 h of surgery (P > 0.05), and there was no difference between the two groups in terms of the use of antiemetics for 0–1 h, 1–6 h, 6–24 h, and for the entire 24 h. (P > 0.05) (Table The severity of nausea during 24 h postoperatively (Table 
Severity of postoperative nauseaData are presented as number of patients (percentage).
Severity of postoperative pain and analgesic treatmentData are presented as number of patients (percentages) or median (interquartile range). NRS numerical rating scale.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the total QoR-40 score (p > 0.05). None of the five dimensions differed between the groups (P > 0.05) (Table 
Postoperative QoR-40 scores at 24 hData are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). QoR-40 Quality of Recovery-40 questionnaire.