Participants
prematurity, diabetes
PRETERM BIRTH, LATE ABORTION, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, EARLY PREGNANCY, HYPERTENSION, DIABETES
The study targeted pregnant women in early pregnancy. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women 18 years and older before 20 weeks’ gestation, regardless of their parity, with no history of preterm birth or late abortion and with no major risk factors for prematurity, including absence of diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, treated hypertension, fetal malformation, cervical conization, or multiple pregnancy. Patients were excluded at the time of enrollment if they were deprived of their freedom by a court or administrative decision, were under legal protection, had an extra-uterine pregnancy or nonprogressive pregnancy, had received antibiotic treatment in the week prior to inclusion, or were participating in another biomedical research protocol. Women who did not understand written and spoken French were also excluded. Race and ethnicity data were collected by self-report.