Design
gallstones
GALLSTONES
This study is a prospective, randomized, single-blind, parallel controlled, and triple-arm clinical trial. It was conducted on 138 patients with gallstones treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Imam Reza Hospital, affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Eligible patients were selected from February 2022 to August 2022. They were randomly divided into three groups, including massage (A), TENS (B), and control (C). The ethics committee of the Vice-Chancellor of Research approved the study at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.KUMS.REC.1400.757). It was registered on the Iranian Clinical trial Registry with identification number IRCT IRCT20200206046395N1 (registration date: 05/02/2022).