Participants
bleeding, allergy, ulcerous colitis
BLEEDING, ALLERGY, SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
The trial was conducted at the Dental Clinic of the Postgraduate in Oral Implantology and Microsurgery at the University of the Basque Country (Leioa, Spain). Patients were only eligible for the study when they were healthy adults (at least 18 years old) who had attended the dental clinic and were indicated for the placement of a single oral implant, without a previous surgical site infection or bone-graft procedure. We performed consecutive sampling of the accessible population.Participants were excluded before randomisation for the following reasons: allergy to any drugs used in the trial, decompensated systemic pathologies (cardiac, respiratory, endocrine, metabolic, hepatic, haematological, the risk of bacterial endocarditis, or immunosuppression), valvular or orthopaedic prostheses, and a history or use of bisphosphonates, anticoagulants, or antiplatelet agents. Moreover, we excluded participants whose amannesis reports that they have had been irradiated in the cervical and maxillofacial territory, were pregnant, suspected of being pregnant or breastfeeding, or with a history of antibiotic-associated ulcerous colitis. All participants underwent a radiographical assessment at the implant site, as stated in the clinic’s protocol. Those requiring bone graft treatment were excluded from the trial. We recorded the PPD and bleeding on probing to determine their periodontal status. Only healthy participants were included in this study.Participants were excluded following randomisation upon their request, by an abandonment of the trial, by loss to follow-up, and/or antibiotic consumption in the last 15 days prior to the surgery.