Introduction
UNDERNUTRITION
Maternal undernutrition both during early life and pregnancy is one of the proximal determinants of neonatal birth weight [Maternal nutrition during pregnancy has an important contribution to the attainment of optimal maternal and neonatal outcomes [There are many nutritional interventions targeting pregnant women which were tested to have a significant change in improving feto-maternal outcomes [It was documented that nutrition education combined with home gardening programs was more effective in increasing the production and consumption of food quantity and quality, which further alleviates undernutrition and its consequences [In a patriarchal and agrarian society like Ethiopia, it is essential to involve husbands and other influential household members in nutrition education during pregnancy. It is also suggested that complementing nutrition education with agricultural interventions that foster an enabling environment will ensure the availability, accessibility, and utilization of diversified, safe, and nutritious food in a sustainable way [In Ethiopia, nutrition education during pregnancy is provided by health professionals at health institutions when women come for antenatal care follow-up, emphasizing the consumption of at least one additional meal than non–pregnant states [However, evidence on the effect of nutritional education and home gardening interventions on feto-maternal outcomes among pregnant women in low-income countries including Ethiopia is scanty and not conclusive [