2.1. Subjects
Sixty healthy right-handed subjects, who were unacquainted with noninvasive neuromodulation, were recruited and randomly assigned to the taVNS group (13 males, 17 females) or the control group (13 males, 17 females). One subject was excluded from the taVNS group because of incomplete data collection during the EEG recording. The two groups were matched in terms of age, sex ratios, and years of education (see 