Sample size and randomization
The estimated sample size for this trial was 32 participants for each group, as calculated using G*POWER statistical software (version 3.1.9.2) according to shoulder external rotation data from a pilot study conducted on 5 subjects per group. α = 0.05, power is 80%, effect size = 0.72, and allocation ratio N2/N1 = 1 was used in the calculations. For a possible drop out, the sample size was increased by 10%. Randomized assignment of patients was done equally either to intervention group (