2.7.1. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
nocturia
NOCTURIA, SECONDARY
The IPSS was measured as a secondary outcome in this study. Here, the IPSS questionnaire was completed by the subjects on their evaluation visits on week 0, week 6, and week 12. The IPSS consists of 7 items related to urinary symptoms, such as incomplete emptying and nocturia. The severity of the symptoms is categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on the total score, which ranges from 1 to 35, with 0–7 indicating mild, 8–19 moderate, and 20–35 severe symptoms. Additionally, the IPSS quality of life sub-scale (IPSS-QoL) was measured, which measures the impact of urinary symptoms on the quality of life. The total IPSS was calculated by summing the scores of the 7 items, and the sub-scores of storage and urination symptoms were evaluated separately [