Participants
RECRUITMENT
Recruitment took place between July 2019 and January 2021. Women attending the ANC clinic were eligible for the study if the following criteria were met: (1) gestation period was 32 weeks or less, (2) HIV-positive (confirmed by medical provider), (3) age 18 years or older, and (4) scored > 4 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) [Our target sample size was 400 participants (50 per site), which was calculated to provide sufficient power to detect a 7-percentage point difference between the two study arms (Cohen’s δ = 0.16) for undetectable viral load at PP, assuming an attrition rate of 10%, intracluster correlation coefficient estimate of 0.01 [