Outcome measures
delirium, agitation, Delirium, Confusion
The primary outcome was emergence time, which was defined as the interval between the cessation of sevoflurane and the point at which the patient opened their eyes. During this recovery period, we aroused the subjects by calling their names every 30 s until they responded by opening their eyes.Secondary outcomes included the characteristics of prefrontal EEG spectra across the administration of s-ketamine, Ai (generated by the ConView YY-105), gamma power, gamma peak frequency and agitation score during the recovery period, and cognitive function and delirium assessments one day after the surgery. The agitation level was assessed using the Sedation-Agitation Score (SAS). Delirium and cognitive function were evaluated using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. These scales of assessment used in our trial are all in Chinese, which have been widely used for Chinese in both clinic practice and clinical trials [