Clinical pharmacist’s intervention
Patients were recruited and randomly allocated into one of the two groups (ratio 1:1); ordinary care (control) group and intervention group. Randomization using a simple technique was adopted; even numbers were assigned for intervention and odd numbers for control. A research assistant was responsible for the enrollment and randomization of patients into the study groups (intervention versus control), in addition to providing the intervention group with pharmaceutical education related to the prescribed antibiotics and following up with both groups by phone calls. To conduct proper education about antibiotics, the 10 most prescribed antibiotics were determined in advance from the hospital records: amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, azithromycin, cefuroxime, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The pharmaceutical education related to each of the aforementioned antibiotics was prepared using the drug information database LexicompAfter obtaining a written informed consent form, a face-to-face interview was conducted to collect the following information at baseline: i) socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, ii) and information related to antibiotic use Two days after completing the antibiotics course regimens, all the patients were followed up by phone to measure adherence by asking them about i) any missing of doses/days of the prescribed antibiotics (subjective method) and ii) number of untaken/remaining pills (objective method). Based on previous studies, participants were considered non-adherent if they failed to follow the number of daily doses and/or duration as prescribed by the physician [