Exclusion criteria
infection, visceral disease or dysfunction, eczema
INFECTION, ECZEMA
For the infants with eczema: (1) preterm infants or infant over 1 year old; (2) infant with any visceral disease or dysfunction except for eczema; (3) infant with infection, or the history of topical and systemic application of corticosteroids, antihistamines, antibiotics agents, traditional Chinese herbs or other specific intervention during the last 2 weeks; (4) infants with severe eczema, i.e., eczema area and severity index (EASI) score > 21 (For the healthy infants: same as (1), (3), (5), (6) and (7) for the infants with eczema above.