Introduction
hyperglycemia, satiety, MFDM, diabetes
HYPERGLYCEMIA, DIABETES MELLITUS, DIABETES
Diabetes-specific enteral nutrition formulas (DSFs) are an integral part of the management of patients with diabetes. In inpatient settings, oral and enteral nutrition often result in hyperglycemia which has been associated with adverse outcomes including increased mortality (Meta-analyses have shown that DSFs can reduce postprandial glucose responses, improve HbA1c and lipid profile, and promote satiety due to their low glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), increased fiber and protein content, and the use of healthy lipid blends (Despite its benefits, patient access to DSF remains limited in many clinical settings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Thailand, with cost and lack of reimbursement being important barriers. For this reason, the development of novel DSFs using locally available ingredients can potentially improve patient access to DSFs by reducing cost and improving availability.Rice (The objectives of this study were twofold. The first objective was to measure the glycemic index and glycemic load of a novel rice-based diabetes-specific formula (MFDM, medical food for diabetes mellitus, powder formula) in healthy individuals. The second objective was to compare postprandial responses in glucose, insulin, gastrointestinal hormones, satiety, and hunger after consumption of the MFDM with commercially available formulas, including a non-diabetes-specific standard formula (SF) and a diabetes-specific formula (DSF) in adults with recent-onset diabetes or those who were at risk for diabetes.