Anesthesia application
PNEUMOPERITONEUM
Standard monitoring was performed with the measurement of non-invasive blood pressure, electrocardiography, and peripheral oxygen saturation in all patients in the operating room. Following the insertion of a 22-gauge intravenous (iv) line by the operating room anesthesiologists, iv fentanyl (1–2 µg kg
CONSORT diagram of studyThe standard 4-trocar method was used in the surgeries (superior umbilicus, epigastric region under the xiphoid, and right midclavicular, right anterior axillary line within sub-costal area) that were performed by the same surgeon on all patients, and the gas pressure was kept at 12 mm Hg to create the pneumoperitoneum. Before the remifentanil infusion was discontinued, 1 mg kg