Statistical analysis
overweight
OBESE
Our main analysis followed intention-to-treat principles and missing data were imputed using multiple imputation. Multiple imputation models included age, sex, BMI at baseline and all available values of each respective outcome at all time points. Twenty imputed datasets were created for all outcome measures and pooled results were analyzed. Per-protocol analyses were also performed in participants who achieved at least 66% adherence to the exercise intervention (equivalent to 2 sessions per week) and 80% adherence to the vitamin D supplementation protocol.Continuous data were assessed for normality using boxplots and Shapiro–Wilk tests. 12- and 24-week changes in all outcomes and group by time interactions were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We also performed subgroup analyses in women, men and overweight or obese participants. Thresholds for overweight were BMI ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m