Study design, setting, and participants
We established a multi-disciplinary team at the Chi Mei Medical Center (CMMC), including emergency physicians, data scientists, information engineers, nurse practitioners, and quality managers to implement big data and AI. Adults (age ≥ 20 years) with hyperglycemic crises who visited the EDs of three hospitals (CMMC, Chi Mei Liouying Hospital, and Chi Mei Chiali Hospital) between 2009 and 2018 were recruited (Fig. Study flow chart. CMMC, Chi Mei Medical Center; ED, emergency department; AI, artificial intelligence; HIS, hospital information system