Introduction
infectious disease, Garadacimab, illness
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019, ASYMPTOMATIC COVID-19, INFLAMMATION, DISEASE, DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION, COVID-19 INFECTION, INFECTIOUS DISEASE, CRITICAL ILLNESS, CORONAVIRUS, INFECTION TOE, SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although many patients with symptomatic COVID-19 experience mild illness, data from China report ~ 14% of unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease and 5% develop critical illness [Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying disease severity in COVID-19 remain unclear, although dysregulated immune responses have been implicated in progression of infection to severe disease [The functional ligand and entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2 is human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-2) [Coagulation factor XII (FXII, Hageman factor) is a key mediator of the plasma contact system. Its conversion to activated FXII (FXIIa) initiates multiple cascades affecting coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation, including the production of BK through the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) and complement system [The role of FXII in COVID-19 is not understood; however, indirect evidence, such as excessive fluid accumulation, disseminated intravascular coagulation and observed cytokine storm, suggests that FXII-related pathways may be involved in pathophysiological responses to COVID-19 infection [Garadacimab, a fully human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody, targets FXIIa by binding to the catalytic domain of FXIIa, potently inhibiting the intrinsic coagulation cascade and BK production via inhibition of the KKS [