Treatment effects within the sexes
To disentangle the observed three-way interactions, we further examined treatment effects separately for each sex. In women, a significant ESTTreatment effects on the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the right hippocampus (green cluster) and the left anterior cingulate gyrus in women. The single treatment with either estradiol or oxytocin significantly increased rsFC between the right hippocampus and the left anterior cingulate gyrus. However, the combined treatment led to an rsFC between the right hippocampus and the left anterior cingulate gyrus comparable to that of the placebo group. Error bars indicate standard errors of the mean. PLCTreatment effects on the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the left amygdala as seed region (green cluster) and the right and left lingual gyrus, the right calcarine fissure, and the right superior parietal gyrus in menInterestingly, we also observed significant two-way interaction effects on rsFC of the DMN in men. Specifically, interaction effects were identified in rsFc of the DMN with the left supramarginal gyrus (MNITo further analyze the significant two-way interactions, we extracted the parameter estimates of the significant peak voxels and employed t-tests to compare the activation between the treatment groups.