Study design
GDM, Diabetes
GDM, RECRUITMENT, GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS, DIABETES
After verification of eligibility, each participant was assigned randomly to either the CGM in addition to SMBG or SMBG only group in a 1:1 ratio stratified by age (≤35 and >35 years old) at 24-28 gestational weeks. Study visits for both groups occurred 4 and 8 weeks after recruitment. Participants were provided with a CGM system (Medtronic Inc., Northridge, CA) that measured subcutaneous interstitial glucose for three consecutive days. The CGM system generated a daily record of 288 continuous sensor values. Capillary blood glucose readings should be measured at least four times per day by using a Freestyle Optium Neo (Abbott Diabetes Care Inc., USA) to calibrate the CGM system. The CGM group was instructed to use CGM every 4 weeks (0, 4 and 8 weeks) for a total of 3 times during the study. At the same time, the SMBG group was advised to perform SMBG 4 times per day for 3 consecutive days every 4 weeks (0, 4 and 8 weeks) and used additional CGM in blinded mode to collect glucose parameters for 3 days after 8 weeks. Participants in both groups continued their usual protocol of capillary glucose monitoring during their pregnancy and were asked to perform SMBG at least 7 times weekly (before meals, 2 h after meals and before bed) at other times (Study design. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; SMBG, self-monitored blood glucose.