Patient characteristics
The demographic characteristics of each group are shown in Table Patient characteristics (n = 379).Data presented as median (25th, 75th percentile) or No. (%).ASA-PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status; NS, normal saline; PIV, peripheral intravenous catheter.Patients were between 1 and 9 years old (median, 4; interquartile range 2, 5). The PIV catheter was placed at the dorsal hand vein in 334 (88.1%) patients and the cephalic vein in the forearm in 36 (9.5%) patients. Either a 22-gauge (337 [88.9%]) or 24-gauge (41 [10.8%]) needle was used in the majority of patients.