Outcomes
bradycardia, itchiness, vomiting, pain, hypoxemia, neurotoxicity, headache, hypotension, nausea,, Respiratory depression, Hypotension
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
The main focus of our study was to measure the length of time before the first request for pain relief, known as the duration of analgesia. Additionally, we also recorded the total use of hydromorphone hydrochloride in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) within 48 h, as well as pain scores measured at rest and during activity at six different time points following surgery (6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h). It is important to note that we only collected data on pain associated with the surgical wound, and not any nerve-related symptoms. After the surgery, any negative effects like bradycardia (heart rate lower than 50 beats per minute), hypoxemia (oxygen saturation below 90%), hypotension (systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg or a decrease of more than 20% from baseline), respiratory depression (less than 10 breaths per minute for over 10 min), headache, itchiness, nausea, vomiting and neurotoxicity were noted and addressed within 48 h post-surgery. Hypotension is treated by fluid loading, intravenous ephedrine or phenylephrine. Atropine was used to treat bradycardia. Respiratory depression was treated with oxygen or naloxone until RR ≥ 15 times per minute.