Clinical evaluation indicators
postoperative incision infection, function impairment, post-traumatic arthritis, Fracture, fracture, pain, fractures, reduced mobility, implant failure
SKIN NECROSIS, HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION
Preoperative preparation time refers to the total time from the patient's injury to their entry into the operating room before surgery. Hospitalization time is the duration from the patient's admission to discharge. Surgical time is the total time from the skin incision to the completion of skin closure. Fracture reduction and internal fixation time encompass the time from the beginning of adequate fracture exposure to the completion of internal fixation device fixation. This includes fracture reduction, internal implant adjustments, drilling, screw length measurement, and locking of internal fixation devices. The total length of the surgical incision is measured and recorded after completion of suturing.All radiological evaluations were conducted by three experienced orthopedic surgeons. On the first day after surgery, ankle joint X-ray images in both anterior–posterior and lateral views were obtained and evaluated for fracture reduction quality using the Burwell–Charnley criteria: fracture reduction quality was categorized as good (displacement < 1–2 mm) or fair (displacement > 2–5 mm).Follow-up assessments were conducted, and at the 12-month follow-up, ankle joint function recovery was subjectively evaluated using the Mazur ankle function scoring criteriaComplications analyzed in the study included postoperative incision infection, skin necrosis, delayed/non-union of fractures, implant failure, joint function impairment (reduced mobility, pain requiring medication control), heterotopic ossification, and post-traumatic arthritis.