Outcomes
death, CPD, HTN, respiratory failure, CVD, Respiratory failure, diabetes
CVD, RESPIRATORY FAILURE, HTN, SECONDARY, RESPIRATORY FAILURE, DIABETES
The primary study outcome was change in composite COVID-ordinal scale (S1 Table in The secondary study outcomes included all-cause mortality and/or respiratory failure through days 14, 28, or final follow-up, compared between the study groups. Respiratory failure was defined as those requiring high-flow oxygen therapy, noninvasive ventilation, invasive ventilation, and/or death (levels 5–8 on COVID ordinal scale) per prior published studies [Laboratory markers including hemoglobin, WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, hematocrit, platelets, ALT/SGPT, bilirubin, AST/SGOT, glucose, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium, CRP, d-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and other independent risk factors (CPD, diabetes, CVD, HTN, Aids/HIV, Smoking status) were also assessed and compared between study groups.