Conclusion
According to the results of the current study, positive thinking interventions could improve hope and increase adherence to treatment among the patients under hemodialysis probably by reducing hopelessness, emphasizing the positive aspects of patients' lives, and training strategies for accepting the realities and enhancing their physical and mental abilities. Therefore, the use of positive thinking could be recommended to improve adherence to treatment and hope in patients undergoing hemodialysis. By conducting further studies in this area, positive thinking training can be considered a feasible, low-cost, and safe non-pharmacological intervention as a complement to psychological and nursing interventions to improve treatment adherence and hope among patients undergoing hemodialysis.