Stratification and randomization
stoma, small bowel distention, tumor, fistula
TUMOR
Patient randomization will be performed using a secure online computer randomization system, either directly in the operating room or by the trial coordinator via phone. Block randomization will be employed to ensure balanced participant numbers throughout the trial. Stratification will be applied based on the following factors: age (younger or older than 70 years), tumor stage, gender, ASA classification (1–2 vs. 3), presence of small bowel distention, and study center. Randomization must be completed within 24 h of study enrollment. Treatment allocation will not be concealed from patients, physicians, or researchers at any point during the trial.After obtaining preoperative informed consent, patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the trial. The choice of the surgical technique (minimally invasive vs. open) and the method of reconstruction (primary anastomosis or discontinuous resection) during tumor resection, as well as the type of stoma (loop ileostomy, loop colostomy or cecal fistula) in the bridge-to-surgery group is at the discretion of the surgeon.