Fetal growth.
SE, parasitemia
REGRESSION, PARASITEMIA, MALARIA
The mean (SD) biparietal diameter of the fetuses was 41.8 mm (7.4) at enrollment, 77.1 mm (4.6) at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy, and 90.7 mm (4.3) at 37–38 weeks of pregnancy. Corresponding values for femur length were 22.5 mm (6.1), 52.0 mm (4.0), and 63.3 mm (4.3), respectively. The mean biparietal diameter was close to the 95th percentile of INTERGROWTH-21st standards at the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy but fell below the 50th percentile toward the end of pregnancy. The mean femur length was close to the 50th percentile of INTERGROWTH-21st standard at the beginning of the second trimester but fell to the 5th percentile toward the end of pregnancy (Mean fetal biparietal diameter (mm) and femur length (mm) compared with INTERGROWTH-21st standards, using the locally weighted scatterplot smoothing technique with bandwidth (0.2). LAIS = Lungwena Antenatal Intervention Study.The estimated mean (standard error [SE]) change in biparietal diameter per 4 weeks during the second trimester of pregnancy was 12.4 mm (0.3), 12.0 mm (0.3), and 11.9 mm (0.3) in the control, monthly SP, and AZI-SP groups, respectively. Corresponding changes in biparietal diameter during the third trimester of pregnancy were 7.1 mm (0.3), 7.0 mm (0.2), and 6.9 mm (0.2). There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention groups during either of the trimesters (each Change in fetal biparietal diameter (mm) and femur length (mm) per 4 weeks by intervention group during the second and third trimesters of pregnancyAZI = azithromycin; OR = odds ratio; SP = sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; SE = standard error.Second trimester from 14 weeks + 0 days of gestation to 26 weeks + 6 days of gestation; third trimester from 27 weeks + 0 days of gestation to the end of pregnancy.Estimated with mixed-effects linear regression, adjusted for ultrasound measurement at enrollment, number of previous pregnancies, malaria parasitemia status (polymerasce chain reaction) at enrollment, maternal body mass index at enrollment, and duration of pregnancy at time of ultrasound measurement.Estimated mean (SE) change in femur length per 4 weeks during the second trimester was 9.4 mm (0.4), 9.9 mm (0.3), and 9.1 mm (0.3) mm in the control, monthly SP, and AZI-SP groups, respectively. Corresponding changes in femur length during the third trimester of pregnancy were 6.7 mm (0.3), 6.0 mm (0.2), and 6.1 mm (0.2). There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention groups during either of the trimesters (each A sensitivity analysis excluding biparietal diameter and femur length values measured at or after 38 weeks of gestation did not change the results (