Demographics that need more attention during interventions
COVID-19 infection, virus infection
COVID-19 INFECTION, VIRUS INFECTION
While this study demonstrated an overall improvement in attitudes and knowledge toward the COVID-19 post-intervention, it is important to consider the demographics of participants. This study utilized the HBM as a theoretical framework to examine variables that impact vaccine hesitancy. A previous systematic review examined the influence of HBM constructs on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and found that gender, education, age, geographical location, occupation, income, employment, marital status, race, and ethnicity were all associated with vaccine hesitancy (The study also demonstrated that those identifying as White showed increased trust in the vaccine while those who identified as non-White, which was mainly comprised of those identifying as Black or African American, showed a decreased trust in the vaccine post-intervention. This is consistent with previous studies demonstrating that Black or African American populations have greater mistrust in government institutions and greater vaccine hesitancy when compared to White populations (Regarding age, there were significant differences noted among ages concerning attitude and knowledge. Overall, all age groups, except for those who were 65 years and older, were less concerned about mild reactions to the virus infection post-intervention. Both modalities of intervention utilized information gathered from the WHO and CDC, which emphasized the morbidity and mortality associated with increased age and COVID-19 infection (In addition, the study found that those in the lowest household income bracket showed a decrease in knowledge regarding the protection and reduction of COVID-19 transmission, while other variables were not statistically significant. This finding is supported by the work of Latkin et al., which found that income was an independent predictor of reduced vaccine uptake and increased hesitancy (