2.2. Intervention Protocol
Patients in the control group were received routine care such as primary care and symptomatic care. Patients in the research group received nutritional interventions and muscle exercises in addition to routine care. Nutritional intervention and muscle exercise duration is from 10 days postoperatively to 3 months plus 10 days postoperatively. The following are the nutritional interventions: daily supplementation of 400 kcal of whole nutritional formula powder and 0.6-1.0 g/kg of whey protein powder. The following are the muscle exercises: do 30 minutes of aerobic and resistance exercise each time, 5 times a week, including brisk walking and slow walking. Muscle exercises are guided by medical staff, mainly targeting the leg muscles, with video instruction which is given once a week.