Secondary outcomes
anxiety, pain
Silva et al. determined that during colonoscopy, listening to music reduced patients’ pain experience significantly more compared to video glasses [Moreover, pre-operative anxiety and pain have the potential to prolong the post-operative recovery process, leading to an extended hospital stay and increased follow-up expenses [There are certain aspects to consider in this study. Although the groups were randomly assigned, the difference in the male–female ratio between groups suggests that a post-hoc stratification by sex may have been necessary to further evaluate the effect of sex on outcome. However, the small sample size of this study precludes reliable adjustment for such effect modification. Although a power calculation was performed based on extant literature for the primary outcome, a larger population sample is likely to strengthen the significance of the results, leading to more consistency in studying the effects found in the literature and greater adjustment for more confounders. It is worth noting that we did not use a cut-off value for the level of anxiety during inclusion, so non-anxious patients were also included in the study. Furthermore, due to the replacement of the initial coordinating investigator, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the strict eligibility criteria, the trial took much longer than expected.Next studies should focus on exploring the influence of different types of content and freedom of choice and comparing video glasses and VR glasses.