Ethical considerations
cancer, Cancer
CANCER, CANCER
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute provides cancer incidence and survival data from 18 established cancer registries which cover approximately 30 percent of the population in the United States. Since SEER is a public domain database, patient informed consent and ethical clearance were not required to conduct this study. The research complied with all relevant ethical criteria and was conducted in line with the "Declaration of Helsinki" in 1964.