2.5. Intervention
muscle fatigue
ADVERSE EVENTS
Both groups initially underwent a pre-test in which the root of the mean square reference values was assessed using electromyography (EMG), and radiographic imaging was employed to measure the lordotic curve. Subsequently, the participants performed three sets of exercises according to their group: sprinter-pattern exercises (SPEs) or crunch exercises (CEs). Each set consisted of ten repetitions, with each movement held for 10 s. A 15 s rest interval was provided between sets to prevent muscle fatigue. The participants performed the intervention thrice. Abdominal muscle activity was measured using EMG during the exercise, and both groups underwent immediate post-exercise radiographic imaging for the post-test. To ensure accuracy during the study, the participants were instructed in advance by a trained physical therapist on the measurement methods and general procedure of the intervention program, and the same physical therapist performed the interventions throughout. Interventions were individually performed to ensure adequate attention and precision in the exercises. Furthermore, participants were closely monitored throughout the study for any adverse events.