Eligibility
Men were eligible for enrollment if they (1) were aged ≥18 years, (2) possessed a cell phone at the time of enrollment, (3) provided contact information (phone, address, and next of kin), (4) had surgical VMMC, (5) had no intraoperative AE on the day of enrollment, (6) were willing to follow NDoH VMMC protocols, (7) were willing to come to the clinic on day 14 after VMMC, (8) were willing to respond to a questionnaire administered via SMS text message 21 days after circumcision, (9) provided written informed consent, and (10) received a text confirming study enrollment.