Recruitment Procedure
Consecutive sampling was used to recruit participants who attended the preanesthetic assessment clinic for scheduled elective surgery under general anesthesia. Participants were identified through a medical record review and were approached for eligibility by an independent research assistant. The list of interested participants was recorded and sent to the researcher for further contact. The researcher explained the study details to potential participants. After obtaining written consent from the patient, an independent outcomes assessor blinded to the group allocation collected baseline data (T0).