Postpartum bonding questionnaire
anger, ’s feelings or attitudes toward her baby, anxiety
The mother’s feelings or attitudes toward her baby were assessed using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), which is a 25-item scale designed to measure quality of mother-infant bonding. Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale (0 = always and 5 = never), and the PBQ includes four subscales: reflect impaired bonding (12 items), rejection and anger (7 items), anxiety about care (4 items), and risk of abuse (2 items) [