Surgical procedure and cell administration
submersion
AIR LEAKAGE
Perioperative management was uniform for all cases during the study period. Preoperative antibiotic regimen consisted of a single dose of cefuroxime 1500 mg that was repeated 6 h later if surgery continued. Anaesthesia procedures were indicated and performed or supervised by a senior cardiothoracic anaesthesiologist, and all cases were operated on by the same team of senior thoracic surgeons, either through video-assisted thoracic surgery, anterolateral or muscle-sparing posterolateral thoracotomy approach.Following anatomical resection of vascular and bronchial structures, mechanical (stapler) lung parenchymal suturing was done in all cases, and specimen removal was performed using a bag. Air leakage was then assessed by a water submersion test under standard airway pressure of 15–20 cm H2O. Application of the final product (autologous MSCs embedded in Tissucol DuoIn all patients, a 24F or 28F chest tube was left in the apex at the end of the procedure and connected to an AtriumExtubation was performed in the operating theatre, and patients were transferred to the cardiothoracic ward after an average of 6 h in the recovery room.