Independent Variables and Outcome Variable
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In stage 1 of the distillation analysis, a machine learning approach was used to develop predicted probabilities of engaged participation in the intervention based on prerandomization covariates. The assumption for the stage 1 model is that estimations from this model will associate with the person-level treatment effects. Failing this assumption, the method will not increase power to detect treatment effects. Patients’ demographic, social, clinical, and health utilization variables for only the baseline period were included in stage 1 modeling to estimate engaged participation. All variables were available for both intervention and control group patients. The complete list of variables is included in eAppendix 3 in 