Emotional Bias Score
To examine if the intervention-induced left amygdala-mPFC functional connectivity changes mediated any changes in positive emotional bias at the time of memory retrieval, we created a summary emotional memory bias score with Week 5 false recognition and Week 5 recall contributing equally to the formula. In recognition, differential false alarm rates across different categories of new items (e.g., positive, neutral, and negative) indicate a bias favoring one category over another, whereas differential hit rates to previously seen images from different categories can reflect either differences in accurate memory or differences in the bias to respond ‘old’ (i.e., that they have seen an image before). Thus, we focused on the false alarm rates as the best available measure of recognition bias. As the recognition test was only administered on Week 5, to be parallel with the recognition measure, we used the Week 5 recall and not the Week 4 recall in this summary score. While differential recall across picture valence categories could reflect valence-specific effects at any stage in the encoding, consolidation or retrieval process, by focusing on Week 5 when veridical memory would be weaker than in Week 4, we should be giving the most scope for retrieval biases to operate (Pezdek & Roe, First, the We used this positive emotional bias score as the dependent measure in a 2 (Condition: Osc+ vs. Osc−) × 2 (Age: YA vs. OA) univariate ANOVA. There was a significant effect of condition, 