1. Introduction
T2D, postprandial blood glucose, metabolic diseases, diabetes, postprandial gastrointestinal hormones secretion, chronic disease
TYPE 2 DIABETES, IMPAIRED INSULIN SECRETION, DIABETES, METABOLIC DISEASES, INSULIN RESISTANCE, SECONDARY, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, CHRONIC DISEASE
Epidemiologic studies show that the risk of diabetes can be reduced by ingesting green tea or coffee. Previous studies have shown that simultaneously taking green tea catechins (GTC) and coffee chlorogenic acid (CCA) alters postprandial gastrointestinal hormones secretion and improves insulin sensitivity. However, there is no evidence on the acute effects of GTC and CCA on incretin and blood glucose, and on the respective dose of polyphenols. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, we examined the effective dose of GTC and CCA on postprandial glucose, insulin, and incretin responses to a high-fat and high-carbohydrate cookie meal containing 75 g of glucose in healthy men. Study 1 (Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a serious chronic disease caused by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion [Green tea and coffee, which contain abundant polyphenols such as green tea catechins (GTC) and coffee chlorogenic acids (CCA), respectively, are the most commonly consumed beverages in the world. Consumption of GTC or CCA may reduce the risk of developing T2D and other metabolic diseases [In the present study, we evaluated the acute effects of four combinations of GTC and CCA concentrations on postprandial glucose metabolism to determine the dose–response relationship after ingestion in healthy, non-diabetic individuals. The primary endpoint was the minimum dose required for a postprandial GLP-1 response, and the secondary endpoints were postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and GIP responses. 