Sample collection
primary cholangiocarcinoma tumor, tumor, tumors
TUMOR, TUMORS
All biomarker investigations in this study were based on baseline pre-treatment biopsies, no other biopsies were obtained during the course of the study. In view of ethical compliance and safety, specimens from core needle biopsies were obtained in two or three directions in the primary cholangiocarcinoma tumor to reducing the effect of tumor heterogeneity. In terms of tumor purity, each specimen was hand-reviewed by a pathologist to ensure it was suitable for sequencing and we kept only specimens with ≥40% tumor purity. For tumors purity below this threshold, laser-capture microdissection was used to mark tumor areas on tissue sections attached to glass slides to improve tumor purity.