3.1. Patient characteristics
Of the initially enrolled 44 patients with HM (n = 44 eyes), with 22 patients in the lutein and control groups, 5 refused to continue the study, and 11 were excluded. Thus, 28 patients (n = 28 eyes) completed the study as PPS, with 15 (n = 15 eyes) in the lutein group and 13 (n = 13 eyes) in the control group. The participant distribution flowchart is shown in Figure Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics using the PPS.Data represent as mean (standard deviation).ERG = electroretnogram, logMAR = logarithm of minimal angle resolution, MAR = minimum angle of resolution, MPOD = macular pigment optical density, PPS = per protocol set.Diagram of study design.