Outcomes
anxiety, dementia, visuo-spatial working memory, depression, disability
SECONDARY, POSITIVE
The primary activities of daily living outcome (disability assessment for dementia) did not differ between intervention and control groups: adjusted mean difference −1.3, 95% confidence interval −5.2 to 2.6; Cohen’s d effect size −0.06, 95% confidence interval −0.26 to 0.15, P=0.51), or on most secondary outcome measurements, including balance, functional mobility, physical activity, and quality of life (Unadjusted scores on outcome measures according to randomisation groupDAD=disability assessment for dementia; NEADL=Nottingham extended activities of daily living; MCID=minimum clinically important difference; DEMQOL=dementia quality of life; LAPAQ=Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam Physical Activity Questionnaire; EQ-5D-3L=EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire-three levels; EQ-5D-5L=EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire–five levels; HADS=hospital anxiety and depression scale; SHARE=Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe.Higher score superior.Higher score inferior.Analysis of covariance and standardised effect size estimates for intervention group (with missing data imputed)CI=confidence interval; NEADL=Nottingham extended activities of daily living; DEMQOL=dementia quality of life; LAPAQ=Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam Physical Activity Questionnaire; EQ-5D-3L=EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire-three levels; EQ-5D-5L=EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire–five levels; HADS=hospital anxiety and depression scale; SHARE=Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe.Imputation was not appropriate for variables showing fewer than 365 cases.Adjusted for age, sex, site, falls history, co-resident carer, and baseline score.0-0.2=no effect; 0.2-0.5=small; 0.5-0.8=moderate; >0.8=large. Positive values show an effect in favour of intervention group.The analyses of cognitive measures using the Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery were underpowered but suggested statistically significant benefits for the PrAISED intervention, with a moderate effect size, on tests of multi-tasking (an executive function test assessing participants’ ability to manage conflicting information) and spatial span (a test of visuo-spatial working memory capacity; see supplementary appendix 4 and tables A1 and A2).The sensitivity analyses, including complete cases, showed no differences in results (fully reported in supplementary appendix 5). The disability assessment for dementia score was higher when follow-up was face-to-face compared with data collected remotely (mean 72 