Ethics Approval
Ethical approval was obtained from the Joint Research Ethics Board of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health and Nursing (SJUPN-201913). All participants were verbally informed about the intentions of the study, and they provided written informed consent. To protect the privacy of the participants, the data were anonymized by assigning participant IDs to individuals for representation. Our team provided free basic life support training and a 50 RMB (approximately US $8) present to each participant upon completion of the study to compensate for their time and feedback.