Educational interventions
BEST
Two educational interventions were carried out by the principal investigator during the study, who is a faculty and a doctorate student working on medication reconciliation at the Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. He underwent a two-week training on “Best Clinical Practices” organized by University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) in collaboration with the Nigerian Association of Pharmacists and Pharmaceutical Scientists in the Americas (NAPPSA) at UNTH, Nigeria in 2015. He also had a 6-week International Pharmacists’ Enrichment Programme at Howard University, Washington DC, with focus on medication reconciliation, jointly organized by FIP-Pharmabridge and Howard University in 2016.The first intervention was a general intervention carried out among the entire 85 pharmacists recruited for the study at the intervention site. This intervention was aimed at educating the pharmacists on comprehensive medication history taking, effective communication with patients and other healthcare team members, identification and resolution of drug therapy problems, and the concept and practice of medication reconciliation. The intervention, which lasted for four hours, comprised didactic lectures, role-plays, and case-reviews on skills required for medication reconciliation. The second intervention was a focused intervention which involved a detailed follow up educational intervention with emphasis on consistent documentation of medication reconciliation practice. The intervention, which lasted for one hour, consisted of hands-on practice on medication reconciliation, documentation of clinical practices, detection and resolution of drug therapy problems and medication discrepancies. The questionnaire (Q3) for consistent medication reconciliation data collection designed for this phase was utilized by the 15 pharmacists for data collection. Both educational interventions were carried out at the Pharmacy Department of the intervention site.