1. Introduction
metabolic syndrome, MetS, T2DM, GDM
GDM, GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS, PATHOGENESIS, METABOLIC DISORDERS, REGRESSION, METABOLIC SYNDROME, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, COMPLICATIONS
These authors contributed equally to this work.These authors contributed equally to this work.A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)-based intervention reduces the rate of immediate postpartum maternal metabolic disorders. Whether these effects persist long-term remains to be determined. A total of 2526 normoglycemic women were randomized before the 12th gestational week (GW). IG women followed a MedDiet with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) (>40 mL/day) and a handful of nuts daily, whereas CG women had to restrict all kinds of dietary fat. At 3 months postpartum, a motivational lifestyle interview was held. The endpoint of the study evaluated the rate of abnormal glucose regulation (AGR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) at 3 years postpartum in women of the San Carlos cohort. A total of 369/625 (59%) CG women and 1031/1603 (64.3%) IG women were finally analyzed. At 3 months and 3 years postdelivery, the IG women showed higher adherence to the MedDiet, which was associated with lower values of body mass index (BMI) and lipid and glycemic profiles. Body weight change and waist circumference were lower in the IG women. After applying multiple regression analysis, the ORs (95%CI) resulted in AGR (3.18 (2.48–4.08); Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life [The pathogenesis of GDM is complex and multifactorial [Healthy lifestyle and nutritional habits have been found to be factors that can lead to a decrease in the rate of occurrence of GDM. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is one of the most widely studied dietary patterns [Thus, the promotion of healthy nutritional habits during pregnancy seems to be decisive, as an early nutritional intervention can decrease health complications in the mother [The aim of the current study is the assessment of the impact of a nutritional intervention with MedDiet early in pregnancy, reinforced during the postpartum period on the rates of AGR and MetS at 3 years postpartum in women from the San Carlos cohort.