Participants
knee ≤, traumatic injuries, lower extremity fractures, pain
DISEASES, NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
All participants were primarily checked for eligibility criteria before being referred to the physical therapy clinic. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patient with ACLR surgery at least three months ago; (2) aged between 20 to 30 years; (3) BMI ≤ 30; (4) active ROM on reconstructed knee ≤ 90°; (5) normal mental state. The exclusion criteria were (1)previous or concomitant injury or surgery on the relevant knee and other joints; (2) history of lower extremity fractures surgery or traumatic injuries within the last six months; (3) neuromuscular disease; (4) bone implants; and (5) history of any diseases that restrict activities and any other conditions affecting the study; (6) usage of opioid analgesics or systemic corticosteroids within the last four weeks; (7) inability to do exercise; (8) any damages during the study; (9) unwillingness to participate in the study; (10) engagement in out-of-schedule exercises; (11)receiving any treatment other than the programs prescribed in this research; and (12) incomplete assessment/treatment programs. Before enrollment, the patients who were included in the study signed university-approved written informed consent forms and completed demographic datasheets. All participants were permitted to withdraw at any time if they did not wish to pursue the study. The sample size was calculated 10 in each group by considering type one (α) and type two errors (ß) of 0.05 and 0.20 (power = 80%), respectively, to detect the effect size of two scores in pain improvement scale (VAS).