Introduction
Angle Labor Pain, labor pain, pain, peripartum pain, depression, Conventional pain, NRS, trauma
Despite being a natural process, labor and delivery may turn out to be a source of major trauma to the mother mentally and physically. It is reported that around 60% of nulliparous and 45% of multiparous women may experience severe pain during the first stage of labor [Conventional pain measures (e.g., Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)) encompass a unidimensional assessment on pain intensity without considering other pain perception and experience. To address this issue, Angle et al. developed Angle Labor Pain Questionnaire (A-LPQ) that provides a comprehensive multidimensional scale that includes the psychological status, locations, and perception of labor pain that is specific to the context of labor and delivery [Effective identification and management of acute postpartum pain is crucial in determining maternal outcomes and satisfaction. Eisenach et al. reported that severe acute postpartum pain is significantly associated with a 2.5-fold increase in risk of persistent postpartum pain and 3-fold increase in risk of postpartum depression [Despite the fact that both labor pain intensity and acute postpartum pain are reported to be associated with persistent postpartum pain, currently the association between these two factors has yet to be established. Exploring and understanding this association may improve peripartum pain management, leading to better patient outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between the labor pain intensity (measured via A-LPQ) and high acute postpartum pain at 0 to 24 h after delivery (measured via NRS ≥ 3 of 10). We would also evaluate the associations of other psychological and pain factors with high acute postpartum pain.