Limited fluctuations in T cell populations after challenge.
Activation of T cells is required for cellular immunity and the activation of humoral immunity by providing T cell help to B cells in the germinal center reaction (Within circulating total T cells, CD4When grouping the participants based on colonization status, 3 different CD4Thus, although we observed consistent changes in the Th cell compartment on D1 after bacterial challenge, the most prominent change was the expansion of circulating Tfh cells on D3 after challenge. This expansion was only observed in participants protected against colonization and not polarized to any subset.