Introduction
keratopathy, dry eye disease, MGD, cataract, metabolic disease, T2DM, diabetes
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, KERATOPATHY, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, CATARACT, METABOLIC DISEASE, MEIBOMIAN GLAND DYSFUNCTION, COMPLICATIONS, DIABETES
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health problem worldwide, which can cause numerous ocular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, cataract, punctuate keratopathy, and dry eye disease (DED). The incidence of DED in diabetes was reported at 54% [The meibomian gland, a special sebaceous gland, may also be targeted in patients with T2DM which is a systemic metabolic disease linked with lipid overload and hyperlipidemia. It was suggested that diabetes was a risk factor of asymptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a large cohort epidemiologic study [Previous studies have demonstrated that MGD in patients with T2DM was more severe compared to MGD in nondiabetics [