Participants
Depression, psychiatric
DISORDERS, RECRUITMENT, COMPLICATIONS
Women were recruited from an antenatal clinic at a teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan, using a convenience sampling method. Women who met the following criteria were included in the study: (1) age ≥ 20 years; (2) EPDS score ≥ 10; (3) singleton pregnancy at 13–28 weeks of gestation; and (4) willingness to participate in the mindfulness educational program. Women with high-risk maternal or fetal complications and psychiatric disorders were excluded.Prior to recruitment, we asked potential participants using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to indicate possible PMAD [