Results
arrhythmia, PCD, COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseTable, renal dysfunction
COPD, ARRHYTHMIA, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Among the 159 eligible patients, 77 patients were excluded due to preoperative renal dysfunction, patient refusal, arrhythmia, and other reasons (Fig. 
Study flowchart
Demographic and baseline medical statusData are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, number (percentage), or median (interquartile range). *This was obtained from 72 patients (37 patients for the GDHT group and 35 patients for the control group, respectively)GDHT: goal-directed hemodynamic therapy, ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseTable 
Comparisons of intraoperative characteristics between two groupsData are expressed as number (percentage), median (interquartile range), or mean ± standard deviationGDHT: goal-directed hemodynamic therapy, CI: confidence interval, RBC: red blood cell, MAP: mean arterial pressure, ICU: intensive care unit
Comparisons of postoperative fluid balance between two groupsData are expressed as median (interquartile range)GDHT: goal-directed hemodynamic therapy, CI: confidence intervalRegarding the primary outcome, there was no significant difference in the incidence of a composite of in-hospital postoperative complications (28/39 [71.8%] vs. 30/36 [83.3%], risk difference [95% CI], -0.12 [-0.30 to 0.07], 
Comparisons of postoperative complications and clinical outcomes between two groupsData are expressed as numbers (percentages) or median (interquartile range)GDHT: goal-directed hemodynamic therapy, CI: confidence interval, NA: not applicable, BNP: brain natriuretic peptide, PCD: percutaneous catheter drainage, PCN: percutaneous nephrostomy, ICU: intensive care unit
Grades of postoperative complications by the Clavien-Dindo classificationData are expressed as numbers (percentages)GDHT: goal-directed hemodynamic therapy, CI: confidence interval
Changes in postoperative laboratory results. (