Patient characteristics
chronic heart failure, CKD, chronic kidney disease, CHF, nonhigh-density lipoprotein, NVM, COPD
CHF, CHRONIC HEART FAILURE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD
Of the 83 CHF patients treated with beta-blockers included in the study, 10 were excluded due to medical histories or clinical conditions (Fig. Baseline clinical characteristics of the patients with chronic heart failure who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (n = 73)* Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or the n (%). BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein. HR, heart rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; nHDL, nonhigh-density lipoprotein; NVM, noncompaction of ventricular myocardium; RAS renin-angiotensin system; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; CCB, calcium channel blocker