Nomograms construction and validation
REGRESSION
The training cohort was subjected to both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify independent prognostic variables. The resulting significant variables from the latter were then utilized to create nomograms for predicting CSS and OS, respectively. To assess the effectiveness of the nomograms, various methods were utilized. Calibration curves were used to display the accuracy of the predictions made by the nomograms. Meanwhile, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were employed to evaluate how well the nomograms were able to distinguish between different groups over time. In order to ensure the validity of the results, the nomograms were then tested in a validation cohort, and the analyses were reperformed accordingly.