References
SMEAR LAYER
Longitudinal grooves were made on mesial and distal surfaces of the root using a diamond disk.SEM photomicrograph (2000×) showing the remaining the smear layer at the apical third. (SEM photomicrograph (2000×) showing the exposed dentinal tubules at the apical third. (SEM photomicrograph (2000×) showing debris particles at the apical third. (Box plot showing the comparison of the remaining smear layer between control and laser groups.Comparison of exposed dentinal tubules count between the control and laser groups.Score and classification of the remaining smear layer.Comparison of all laser groups to the control group in terms of remaining smear layer area, exposed dentinal tubules, and count of debris.(*) statistically significant Bonferroni method for multiple comparisons of all groups—count of debris, (*) significant result.(*) statistically significant.