Intervention
Mothers in the high-cash gift group received $333/mo ($3996/y), whereas mothers in the low-cash gift group received $20/mo ($240/y). Funds were disbursed monthly onto an electronic debit card (branded 4MyBaby), accompanied by a text message notification.Participants were informed they could spend the money how they wished, and receipt of the funds was not conditioned upon continued participation in the study. Among those who consented to allow access to transaction data (n = 900), only 5 families (all in the low-cash gift group) had not withdrawn funds from the debit card 3 years after randomization.