Introduction
Type 2 diabetes, T2D, inflammation, hyperactivity, prediabetes, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome
TYPE 2 DIABETES, INFLAMMATION, PREDIABETES, HYPERGLYCEMIA, METABOLIC SYNDROME, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing in India due to multiple factors; predominant among them are dietary and lifestyle transitions [Exaggerated postprandial spikes in blood glucose generate excess free radicals that can trigger inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and sympathetic hyperactivity [Our group has an interest in research on tree nuts and has conducted two previous trials. In the first trial, we showed that pistachio nuts, incorporated in the diet as 20% energy, resulted in improvement of multiple cardiometabolic factors including fasting blood glucose (FBG) in subjects with metabolic syndrome [Based on the above discussion, we planned to research the effect of the ingestion of almonds before major meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) on PPBG in Asian Indians with prediabetes. To date, only one study is available in which postprandial blood glucose excursions after (30 min before the major meals) premeal almond load were evaluated. In this study, Crouch et al. [We hypothesized that dietary intervention with almonds 20 g before OGTT and before meals (60 g per day, 20 g before breakfast, lunch, and dinner assessed through CGMS) will decrease the glucose and insulin excursions after meals, and thus reduce overall hyperglycemia and improve glucose-insulin metabolism.