Patient-reported outcomes.
’ discomforts, NRS, anxiety
Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS) indicates preoperative anxiety, 6–30.Patients’ discomforts related to preoperative fasting and anxiety were rated using a numeric rating scale (NRS), 0 to 10.Postoperative recovery was evaluated using the Korean Quality of recovery– 15 (QoR– 15K) score, 0 to 150.Statistical differences were verified using Wilcoxon rank sum test.*The crude p-value of multiple comparisons was adjusted using Bonferroni correction.Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range.