Conclusions
postoperative pain
In conclusion, our study showed that the ED50 and ED95 of esketamine for preventing early postoperative pain were 0.301 mg/kg (95%CI 0.265 ~ 0.342 mg/kg) and 0.379 mg/kg (95%CI 0.340 ~ 0.618 mg/kg) respectively. Intraoperative esketamine effectively dampened intraoperative noxious stimuli and had no impact on awakening from anesthesia, with a favorable safety profile.