Participants
taekwondo
HEARING IMPAIRMENTS
The required sample size was calculated by the G*Power software (Version 3.1.9.4, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany) using the F test family (repeated measures, within factors), with six conditions. The power analysis revealed that a total sample size of 14 would be sufficient to find medium significant effects of condition (effect size f = 0.294, α = 0.05) with an actual power of 82%. To avoid the lack of statistical power which may be induced by the risk of dropout of some participants from the study, 16 male taekwondo athletes from the national team (Mean ± SD; age: 18.25 ± 0.75 years; body mass: 60.92 ± 8.96 kg; height: 182 ± 6.84 cm) volunteered to participate in the present study. Athletes were recruited following a convenience sampling based on the following eligibility criteria: a) being an elite athlete with at least 8 years of taekwondo experience; b) do not suffer from any restrictions to sports practice or hearing impairments; c) have at least 17 years old, and d) being non-smoker. Based on the questionnaire of Bühler et al. [