Demographic Variables
Demographic data (including age, sex, and race and ethnicity) were self-reported by parents or guardians on informed consent documents. Selectable options for race and ethnicity were the same as those required by the New York City Department of Education, including American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian, Black or African American, Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and White. An “Other” option was provided that was to include any other race not listed. Ethnicity options included Hispanic (Latino or Latina) or non-Hispanic. Race and ethnicity data were collected to ensure that the targeted study population was included and for future stratified analyses.