4.2.2. Pharmacology and Safety Data
pain
After inclusion, upon the baseline visit, the required opioid prescription was initiated according to diagnosis for a 3-month treatment period according to the patient’s degree of compliance and preferences (oral or transdermal). The prescription was made by four anesthesiologists and re-evaluated by two research team members.Physicians recorded patients’ prescribed pain therapy (opioids, i.e., tramadol, fentanyl, tapentadol, buprenorphine, oxycodone, morphine, methadone) and concomitant drugs, neuromodulators (pregabalin and gabapentin), antidepressants (i.e., amitriptyline, fluoxetine, escitalopram, and duloxetine), anxiolytics, simple analgesics (i.e., paracetamol and metamizole), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). With different opioid combinations, the oral morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) was estimated using available references [