Statistical analysis
POCD, bleeding
BLEEDING, PNEUMOPERITONEUM
The sample size was calculated to determine the estimated incidence of POCD, which is the primary outcome. In a pilot study, 30 patients who met the eligibility requirements were randomly allocated to two groups, with 15 patients in each group. In the IoC and control groups, POCD incidence was 1/15 and 4/15, respectively. The sample size was estimated using PASS15 software, and based on α = 0.05 and 1-β = 0.80, 51 patients were needed in each group. After accounting for 10% of missed visits, the final sample size for each group was estimated to be 56 cases.SPSS Statistics 25 software was used for statistical analyses. Distributions of quantitative variables were normalized using boxplots, histograms, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Variables with normal distribution were denoted as, non-normally distributed variables were denoted as median (interquartile range), and qualitative variables were denoted as frequencies. A completely randomized design with an independent samples t-test was used to analyze parameters with a normal distribution (age; BMI; education level; dosage of sufentanil, propofol, remifentanil, and norepinephrine; pneumoperitoneum duration, and anesthesia duration; volume of infusion, bleeding, and urine; first time for post-operative exhaust; MMSE, MoCA, GFAP, CRP, serum pH, PaCO