2.2. Study Population
arterial injuries
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
Subjects were consecutively enrolled using the following inclusion criteria: (1) age ≥ 18 years at screening; (2) undergoing maintenance HD at least two times a week for ≥1 months prior to screening and having shown compliance with HD treatments; (3) cfPWV measurement ≥ 10 m/s at screening visit. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) pregnancy and breastfeeding; (2) currently receiving vitamin K antagonist or warfarin as a regular medication; (3) currently receiving and/or history of vitamin K supplementation within three months before screening; (4) history of percutaneous coronary intervention and/or coronary artery bypass grafting, since these patients may suffer from arterial injuries due to puncture or artery harvesting, which might affect the test results of the automatic device; (5) patients with conditions that prevented assessment cfPWV including deformity of peripheral limbs, amputation, and severe peripheral vascular disease.