Laparoscopic cholecystectomy on an ex vivo porcine liver
fibrous, bile duct injury, Fibrous, luxation
After inserting the instruments and identifying critical anatomical structures, the gallbladder's neck was grasped with consequent luxation and identification of Calot's triangle (trigonum cholecystohepaticum) [The next step was the preparation of Calot's triangle blunt or with diathermy. Fibrous tissue strands could be severed under sight only. Assistance with the iSurgeon on how to and where to best start coagulating was provided. The iSurgeon system assisted in identifying the cystic duct and artery and achieving the critical view of safety (CVS). CVS is seen as the gold standard to reduce the risk of bile duct injury in LC and was defined by Strasberg in 1995 as clearance of the hepatocystic triangle of fat and fibrous tissue, exposure of the cystic plate, and two and only two structures to be seen entering the gallbladder [