Participants
neuropsychiatric disorders, skin lesions, rash
EMERGENCY, SKIN LESIONS
This prospective observational study was conducted at the National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing Children’s Hospital, China, over 6 months between September 2022 and February 2023. The study was registered at the Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR‐2,200,059,776). The Ethics Committee of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University has approved the use of fully anonymized cohort data for research (ID: 2021-E-114-Y). All children's guardians provided written informed consent.Patients between the ages of 2 and 12 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I to III and scheduled for elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia for more than 60 min, with mechanical respiratory assistance, were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were: a. Children with previous neuropsychiatric disorders; b. Emergency surgery; c. Monitoring site with skin lesions or rash; d. Children who need to be transferred to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for further treatment after surgery, e. Refusal by the parents to participate.