Introduction
fracture, fractures
People living with HIV (PLWHIV) experience up to 4-fold higher annual rates of fragility fractures than the general population (In clinical trials in PLWHIV, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) was associated with a greater decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and an increase in biochemical markers of bone metabolism, suggesting increased bone turnover relative to comparators. Whether these changes in BMD were associated with an increased risk of fractures has been controversial. However, some cohort studies (While several studies have emphasized an increased fracture incidence in PLWHIV (Microindentation allows detecting changes in bone quality much earlier than BMD (