Future research
In this study, it was not possible to assess if some of the changes that were detected in biomarkers over time were due to the interventions or if they were naturally occurring during pregnancy. Therefore, it may be of interest to conduct future studies where a third arm with no intervention is included. Also, future studies may need to include larger samples, and the present study findings may be used as a basis for a future sample size calculation. Based on for example the CRP outcome in this study, we have been able to conduct a post hoc power calculation (4% change in intervention group vs. 0% change in control group), which gives 24.4% power.