Changes of gut microbiota diversity
To assess the gut microbiota community structure, richness (Chao 1 index) and diversity (Simpson index, Shannon index) were calculated (Alpha and beta diversity of gut microbiota in placebo and GOS groups. To compare overall gut microbiota structure in pregnant women, PCoA according to OTUs of each sample were implemented to provide a glimpse of gut microbial dynamics between placebo and GOS groups. The results of PCoA were PC1 = 54.49% and PC2 = 11.26% of total variations (