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PWH
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection persists mainly in CD4Many HIV-1 curative strategies aim to enhance HIV-1-specific immunity as a means to achieve ART-free HIV-1 virologic control. Until recently, HIV-1 cure trials have typically involved people with HIV-1 (PWH) on long-term suppressive ART, which is continued during the therapeutic interventionsOne promising immunostimulatory agent is lefitolimod (MGN1703), a dumbbell-shaped DNA molecule that triggers Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 signaling in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B cellsThe immunological effects of lefitolimod could potentially be boosted either by administering the drug in the presence of higher antigen load or by co-administration with broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs), such as 3BNC117 and 10-1074, which recognize non-overlapping epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 (refs. Collectively, these observations led us to hypothesize that lefitolimod alone or in combination with two doses of 3BNC117 and 10-1074 administered in the setting of ATI could potentially enhance elimination of infected cells and boost HIV-1-specific CD8