Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [
depressive, depression, mood disturbance
This is a 21-item instrument to assess depressive symptoms. A higher score indicates greater severity of depression. A score between 1 and 10 indicates that the ups and downs are considered normal, 11 and 16 mild mood disturbance, 17 and 20 borderline clinical depression, 21 and 30 moderate depression, 31 and 40 severe depression and a score above 40 indicate extreme depression. The Cronbach’s alpha of the Urdu-translated version was 0.97 [