Statistical analysis
Two TMJs of each patient were included in the analysis. The analyses applied the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle by analyzing all available data from all randomized patients according to their treatment allocation. Continuous variables with normal distribution were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD); non-normal variables were reported as median (interquartile range). Differences in changes in condylar heights, maxillofacial sagittal mandibular position, and occlusal relationship at pre-operation and 12 months post-operative were analyzed by paired 