Background
obesity, dementia, cognitive impairment, dementias
OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES MELLITUS, CHRONIC DISEASES, HYPERTENSION
The Lancet commission on dementia prevention, intervention, and care has indicated 12 modifiable risk factors for dementia and estimates that these factors account for 40% of all dementias worldwide that could potentially be prevented or delayed [Important unanswered questions concern the parameters, mediators, and moderators of successful physical activity interventions. The most consistent positive results are observed in interventions of moderate intensity [Although physical activity is known to have an inverse association with several chronic diseases associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity [The relatively short-term improvements in cognitive functioning observed in intervention studies may be driven by mechanisms other than the improvement of physical fitness, like the promotion of cerebral angiogenesis and synaptic plasticity elicited by stimulation of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-I), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [Furthermore, observational studies investigating effect moderation by Improving physical activity in those who fail to meet the public health recommendations for older adults of 150 min of moderate intensity aerobic activity per week [In the present study, we conducted a 9 month randomized trial to assess whether an increase in physical activity of 35% or more, generated by the COACH method, can lead to an improvement in physical fitness, and subsequent improvements in cognitive functioning, and well-being of healthy elderly with and without a genetic vulnerability for dementia, based on their 