Participants
hearing impairment, mental illness, strabismus
HEARING IMPAIRMENT, EVENTS, STRABISMUS
Children who underwent strabismus surgery at Shanghai Children’s Medical Center were recruited in this study. The inclusion criteria were children of either sex aged 4–9 years old with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I-II. The exclusion criteria were children with a previous history of surgery, developmental delay and verbal communication problems, hearing impairment or a history of mental illness, and who refused to participate in this study. The termination criteria were children or guardians who failed to cooperate with medical measures or withdrew from the study due to various unexpected events such as family changes or missing pets.