Introduction
trauma, gallbladder stones, choledocholithiasis
GALLBLADDER STONES, COMPLICATIONS, SECONDARY, CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS
Approximately 3–18% of patients with gallbladder stones have secondary choledocholithiasis [LCBDE and LH require proficiency in laparoscopic hepatobiliary system anatomy, skilled laparoscopic suturing and knot-tying, and endoscopic techniques [Our study aimed to establish a nomogram to evaluate the risk of conversion to open surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for choledocholithiasis, thereby enabling surgeons to judge the complications of the procedure and reduce patient trauma.