3.4. Blood Lipids and Liver Damage Markers 
liver damage, muscle damage
LIVER DAMAGE, CHOLINE DEFICIENCY
Since choline deficiency causes liver/muscle damage and altered lipoprotein/blood lipid metabolism, blood markers for liver damage (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK)), and blood lipid profiles (triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) were also measured. The results showed no effect of choline intake on any of these clinical blood markers (