Randomization and masking
INSULIN RESISTANCE, COMPLICATIONS
The patients were assigned to group C or group E randomly and equally using a random number table method. All patients started fasting after supper and were forbidden from fluid intake after 24:00 the day before surgery. Patients in group C were required to drink 300 ml clear water, while patients in group E needed to ingest 300 ml solution of 2.5 packets of EHR (20 g/packet, Bangshidi (Guangdong) Medical Food Co., Ltd) within 5 min that were provided by nurses in ward 2–3 h prior to surgery. According to the instructions of EHR production, it contains 93 g of carbohydrate, 2 g of dietary fiber and 200 mg of sodium, and no protein or fat per 100 g of EHR. The patients didn’t know which kinds of liquids they drunk. The anesthesiologists who implemented anesthesia or evaluated the following indicators (antrum ultrasonography, insulin resistance indicators, handgrip strength, complications) were blinded to the assignment.