Findings
depressive symptoms, fatigue, insomnia disorder
In a randomized clinical trial of 211 adults with insomnia disorder, first-stage treatment with behavioral therapy (BT) or zolpidem produced significant improvements for various daytime outcomes, including depressive symptoms, fatigue, functional impairments, and mental health, that were no different between groups. Adding a second-stage therapy offered an added value for further improving daytime functions with immediate and delayed effects observed for treatment sequences starting with zolpidem and BT, respectively.