Competing interests
ARH, JP, JRA
JRA
MT has been member of scientific advisory board for Lilly. JRA has received advisory fees from Lilly. JP reports lecture fees from Gilead; support for attending meetings from Gilead, Eumedica, Merck Sharp & Dohme, outside the submitted work. ARH reports personal fee from Pfizer (2021) for lectures outside the submitted work. MH(it) has received funding for other trials on COVID-19 from the Federal Belgian Center for Knowledge and the joint Université Libre de Bruxelles-Fonds Erasme-COVID-19 projects (2020–21), personal fees from Gilead (2020) and Pfizer (2021) for editing and lectures outside the submitted work, and travel/congress grants from Pfizer (2020, 2021), and Gilead (2022). MJ reports consulting or speakers fees from Baxter, Gilead, CLS Behring, AM-Pharma, Novartis, Fresenius and grant support from Fresenius, Baxter, outside the submitted work. JAP reports fees for lectures and advisory boards from MSD, Pfizer, Astra-Zeneca, Jansen, Gilead, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals, Cepheid MB reports an unrestricted grant for Moderna (2022) outside the submitted work. MB reports an unrestricted grant for Moderna (2022) outside the submitted work. KL reports personal fees from Gilead, MSD, Janssen and ViiV Healthcare for advisory boards and lectures outside of the submitted work. JM reports personal fees from Pfizer (2017) for lectures outside the submitted work and travel fees from Pfizer (2022) and Menarini (2021). JCR reports a grant from Hamilton medical (2019–2020) outside the submitted work. FLJ reports Helse Sør-Øst grant for developing COVID-19 serology (2020–2021) and Grant from CEPI to monitor responses in patients (2021–2023). DC reports an HIV grant from Janssen (2019–2020), personal fees from Gilead (2020) and Pfizer (2022) for lectures outside the submitted work. All other authors have nothing to declare.