Differences in changes to expression of the CD25 activation marker on immune cells within 3 hours after consumption of APR extract versus placebo.
p<0.10
The results are shown as the group averages ± standard error of the mean of the individual percent changes from baseline after consuming APR extract where changes after consuming placebo are subtracted. A. CD25 expression on monocytes: A relative increase reached a high level of statistical significance at 1 hour and returned to similar levels as after consuming placebo at 3 hours. B. CD25 levels on NK cells: There were no differences after consuming the APR extract compared to placebo. C. CD25 expression on NKT cells: A large increase reached a high level of statistical significance at 1 hour, remained a statistical trend at 2 hours and returned to similar levels as placebo at 3 hours. D. CD25 expression on T cells: An increase was statistically significant at 1 and 2 hours, returning to similar levels as after consuming placebo at 3 hours. Levels of statistical significance are shown on the graphs where changes from baseline to a later time point is indicated by asterisks, where p<0.10: (*), p<0.05: * and p<0.01: **.The expression of the 2 activation markers CD25 and CD69 were evaluated on monocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, and T cells (The CD69 expression showed mild increase on monocytes (