General data
death, cognitive impairment, fracture, hip arthroplasty, fractures, deaths, femoral intramedullary nail)
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

This was an observational study. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital); Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. A total of 71 elderly patients with hip fractures who were treated with hip arthroplasty and internal fixation of the proximal femur with an intramedullary nail at Suzhou Municipal Hospital from October 2020 to December 2021 were included; 11 cases were excluded (eight cases were excluded due to loss of follow-up, two due to deaths from other causes, and one due to other reasons). Finally, 60 patients (18 males and 42 females) were included. The patients were randomly assigned to the control (n = 30) and experimental (n = 30) groups using a random number generator.
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients diagnosed with femoral neck or intertrochanteric fracture confirmed by the physician’s subjective and objective examination and imaging data findings (anteroposterior and lateral X-ray and computed tomography examination of pelvis or hip joint) and those who underwent relevant surgery (total or half hip arthroplasty and internal fixation with proximal femoral intramedullary nail); (2) patients willing to participate in the study; (3) patients aged ≥ 65 years [The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients with cognitive impairment and inability to undergo rehabilitation training (Simple Mental State Examination score < 27); (2) patients with a combination of other joint musculoskeletal disorders; or (3) patients with a combination of other inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.We assessed the postoperative hip function at discharge and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The endpoints/outcomes of the study were fractures after surgery or death.