Participants
±, injury or illness
Twenty-one participants (male = 11, female = 10) were originally recruited to take part in the research study. The inclusion criteria of the recruited athletes for the study were as follows: (1) absence of any significant physical health issues, (2) older than 18 years, (3) a minimum of 3 years of prior experience in playing badminton, and (4) absence of any injury or illness in the past 6 months. However, three participants were excluded due to injury, so only 18 badminton athletes were included and completed the training intervention (age, 21.4 ± 1.4 years; stature, 170.1 ± 7.3 cm; body mass, 65.9 ± 12 kg). The participants were randomly distributed into two groups: VBRT (