Background
chronic diseases, ESRD
ESRD, END STAGE RENAL DISEASE, CHRONIC DISEASES
End stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide [ESRD and dialysis make major changes to the patients' normal lifestyles. In addition to the various physical effects, it has numerous psychosocial consequences and results in dramatic changes in their daily lives [Adherence to treatment regimens is of great importance in patients with chronic diseases [In the recent years, psychologists have been emphasized on positive thinking and tried to focus people on their capacities and capabilities despite the illness. The ultimate goal of this approach is to identify the components and methods that promote humans' health and happiness [Hemodialysis patients usually have low hope scores [