1. Introduction
fatigue, PLF, impaired judgment [Until now, collecting a small, hypoglycemia, irritability
HYPOGLYCEMIA, BLOOD
This study examined the effects of continuous carbohydrate intake during a golf round on interstitial glucose, golf performance, and the cognitive performance of competitive golfers. Eleven competitive golfers participated and played 18 holes of golf in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to the group indicated to consume the test food (CHO intake) or the group required to not consume it (NOT intake). Here, gummies were used as the test food, and the amount of carbohydrates was 30 g per h. Blood glucose levels were evaluated using interstitial glucose. Golf performance was measured in five tests, including scores, 2.5 m putting test, club head speed, driving distance, and accuracy. Cognitive performance was measured in three tests, including self-perceived levels of fatigue (PLF), self-perceived levels of concentration (PLC), and self-perceived levels of relaxation (PLR). Interstitial glucose (Golf is reported to be a moderate-intensity sport with a physical activity level of 4.8 METs, with an extended duration of 18 holes (a round) lasting anywhere from 4 to 5 h while covering distances over 10 km [The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends endurance athletes to engage in exercise longer than 1 h and ingest carbohydrates at a rate of 30–60 g per hour to maintain carbohydrate oxidation and delay fatigue [Research indicates that hypoglycemia during golf can lead to concentration loss, irritability, impaired judgment [Until now, collecting a small amount of capillary blood from the fingertip by puncture is a simple method of measuring blood glucose during exercise. Therefore, this measurement method is not possible in ongoing golf play. To solve this problem, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for blood glucose measurement was employed in this study. These CGM systems can be easily worn on the body and can automatically and constantly measure the glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid. The glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid of the subcutaneous tissue closely correlates with the glucose concentration in the blood [This study aimed to examine the effects of continuous carbohydrate intake during a golf round on interstitial glucose, golf performance, and the cognitive performance of healthy male competitive golfers. The hypothesis is that continuous carbohydrate intake will attenuate the decline in interstitial glucose level and cognitive performance and improve golf performance.