Introduction
pulmonary and cardiac diseases
Chest radiography (CXR) accounts for 26% of imaging examinations of pulmonary and cardiac diseases. However, the interpretation of CXR findings is challenging because it mainly depends on the expertise of radiologists.The development of artificial intelligence (AI) accelerates the automatic interpretation of CXR.Recently, the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) have been developed for natural language processing (NLP),It is increasingly recognized that AI-involved applications need to undergo a rigorous prospective evaluation to demonstrate their effectiveness. Since most previous studies on CXR interpretation were retrospective tests on selected public data sets,