2.7. Statistics
The sample size calculation to detect a difference between GI hormones in response to both alternative sweeteners compared to tap water was previously reported [Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Data is presented as the mean ± SEM unless otherwise stated. A two-tailed To test the hypotheses that glucose and insulin concentrations, in response to D-allulose and erythritol, will be similar to tap water and that ghrelin will be reduced in response to D-allulose and erythritol compared to tap water, respectively, we compared the post-infusion glucose, insulin and ghrelin concentration changes from the baseline between tap water and D-allulose or erythritol. We did not formulate any a priori hypotheses about the safety outcomes.Given our hypothesis about glucose and insulin concentrations being similar for the two solutions compared to tap water, we complemented our frequentist statistical analysis with Bayesian analyses in two complementary ways. Since the AUC of total serum ghrelin was not significant in the study by Sorrentino et al. [