Statistical analysis
REGRESSION
All statistical tests were performed using SPSS 26.0 and R statistical software (version 1.2.5042, In R statistical software, we used the “glmnet” package to peform the LASSO regression analysis, while the survival curves were obtained using the “survminer” package. ROC curves were plotted using the “pROC” package, and calibration plots were constructed using the “resourceSelection” package. The nomogram was constructed with the use of the “rmda” package, while DCA was performed using both the “rmda” and “ggDCA” packages.