Materials and methods
upper anterior teeth, maxillary incisors, tooth
DIABETES MELLITUS, BONE DISEASES, DISEASES
The present parallel randomized control study was conducted following the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration for research on human subjects and was approved by the research ethics committee, faculty of dentistry, Cairo University (19)-(7)-(4). The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with registration number NCT04096209. It was first registered on September 19, 2019. Twenty-four patients with non-restorable upper anterior teeth in the aesthetic zone, indicated for extraction followed by immediate implant installation therapy, ages ranging from 20 to 50, were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Cairo University.The inclusion criteria were patients with non-restorable single bounded maxillary incisors or canines that have completely intact labial plate and interproximal bone levels and are indicated for implant placement. All patients have adequate bone height apical to the failing tooth. All patients were free from any debilitating diseases such as bone diseases, diabetes mellitus, or any other diseases that affect dental implant osteointegration. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants in the study.The participants were randomly divided into two groups using block randomization with stratification (block size 4) using a formula on Microsoft Excel software.The sample size was calculated using G Power software and based on a previous study by Diana C. et al. [