Statistical analysis
personality traits, anxiety
REGRESSIONS
To assess potential group differences in control variables (age, BMI) and personality traits, ANOVAs with the between-subject factor group were employed. Potential biases in sample composition over time due to the onset and development of the COVID-19 pandemic were explored in Online Resource Regarding the AACT, we first assessed whether drug administration affected explicit task knowledge (i.e., estimated wake-up probabilities of predators) via a mixed-design ANOVA with the within-subject factor threat level (high vs. low) and the between-subject factors hydrocortisone, yohimbine, and gender. Then, three previously established summary measures over all trials, i.e., foraging latency, sum of retained tokens, and failed avoidance of threat, were investigated. We conducted mixed-design ANOVAs with the within-subject factors initial threat distance (long vs. short), threat level and block (1 to 4), and the between-subject factors hydrocortisone, yohimbine, and gender (Bonferroni-Holm corrected for three outcome variables). For analyses on failed avoidance of threat, participants were excluded if their data contained empty cells (remaining To investigate the influence of personality traits (trait anxiety by STAI-T total score (Laux et al. To explore whether basal endogenous testosterone or estradiol affected approach-avoidance behavior, we conducted exploratory correlations between sex hormone concentrations and our summary outcome measures, and hierarchical regressions for these outcome measures with blockwise introduction of (1) the control variable age and (2) either testosterone or estradiol once for all participants and additionally separated by gender. ANOVAs were used to assess whether the full model explained variance significantly better than the respective control model. Participants were excluded for the respective analyses, if their testosterone/estradiol levels differed three or more standard deviations from the mean.To enhance comparability with previous findings (e.g., Bach et al. For significant findings in the ANOVAs detailed above, the appropriate follow-up tests, including ANOVAs and 