Blood markers
INSULIN RESISTANCE, BLOOD, INSULIN RESISTANCE
All tests were performed between 8-10 am under standard conditions of temperature and humidity. Fasting blood samples were taken from the right arm between 12 hours and 72 hours before the first exercise session and 72 hours after the last session. Blood samples were transferred to EDTA-containing tubes, centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm, and stored at -70°C. Plasma glucose levels were measured with a colorimetric enzymatic kit (Parsazmun, Tehran, Iran) with a sensitivity of 5 mg/dl. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) using the formula: HOMA-IR= 22.5 μmol/fasting plasma insulin X fasting plasma glucose. Plasma resistin was measured with an ELISA kit (Biovendor, Czech Republic, catalogue number RD191016100, sensitivity: 0.012 ng/ml, intra-CV = 5.9%, inter-CV = 7.6%). Plasma leptin was measured with an ELISA kit (Biovendor, Czech Republic, catalogue number: RD191001100, sensitivity: 0.2 ng/ml, intra-CV = 5.9%, inter-CV = 5.6). Plasma adiponectin was measured with an ELISA kit (Biovendor, Czech Republic, catalogue number: RD19502310, sensitivity: 26 ng/ml, intra-CV = 4.9%, inter-CV = 6.7%). Plasma visfatin was measured with an ELISA kit (Cusabio, China, catalogue number: CSB-E08940h, sensitivity: 0.156 ng/mL, intra-CV = <8%, inter-CV = <10%). Plasma vaspin was measured with an ELISA kit (Biovendor, Czech Republic, catalogue number: RD191097200R, sensitivity: 0.01 ng/ml, intra-CV = 7.6%, inter-CV = 7.7%). Plasma RBP-4 was measured with an ELISA kit (R&D Systems, USA, catalogue number: DRB400, sensitivity: 0.628 ng/mL, intra-CV = 7%, inter-CV = 8.6%). Plasma apelin was measured with an ELISA kit (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, USA, catalogue number: EK-057-23, sensitivity: 0.07 ng/ml, intra-CV = <10%, inter-CV = <15%). Plasma omentin-1 was measured with an ELISA kit (Biovendor, Czech Republic, catalogue number: RD191100200R, sensitivity: 0.5 ng/ml, intra-CV = 3.7%, inter-CV = 4.6%). Plasma chemerin was determined using a commercially available ELISA kit (Biovendor, Czech, intra-assay coefficient of 5.1%). The plasma levels of semaphorin 3C (MBS037239, MBS2883689, MyBioSource, San Diego, USA) was measured with a commercially available ELISA kit. Insulin levels were measured with an ELISA kit (Demeditec, Germany, with a sensitivity of 1 ng/ml and between, within-coefficients of variation of 5.1% and 8.4% respectively. Glucose levels were measured with a colorimetric enzymatic kit (Parsazmun, Tehran, Iran, with a sensitivity of 5 mmol/l). Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated from the ratio of insulin to glucose (I0/G0) and the HOMA-IR index [HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (mU/L) × glucose (mmol/L)/22.5] (