Settings and participants
The study was conducted in Istanbul, which constitutes approximately 18.5% of Turkey’s population [The sessions were delivered via Zoom and the meeting link was only shared with the participants of the related sessions to ensure confidentiality. All personal data was regarded as being strictly confidential and participants' phone number was used only for the purposes of sending reminders before the sessions by the site coordinator and later for the assessments by the research assistants.The study was conducted following the principles in the Declaration of Helsinki on experimentation involving human subjects; the study protocol was approved by Marmara University ethics review board (09.2018.389) and Liverpool (8722), and registered at Clinical Trails.gov (NCT04819711-Registration Date: 29/03/2021).The study participants included all consecutive pregnant women who had been enrolled to attend these online pregnancy school classes between April 8th 2021 to September 8th 2021.