Data analysis
Data was statistically analysed using IBM Statistics SPSS for Windows 23.0. Quantitative data on direct, indirect, and total costs were presented as mean with standard deviation (SD). The mean operative time and standard deviation were computed for each technique of open hemorrhoidectomy. The difference in means was compared using the independent samples t-test and its corresponding two-tailed p-value, regarding p < 0.05 as statistically significant. A bottom-up table of mean charges by group was made to get the mean of cost in the two groups (A and B). A cross tabulation was performed between the two open hemorrhoidectomy techniques to allow for categorical cost-effective analysis. The difference in means was compared using the t-test and its corresponding two-tailed p-value, regarding p < 0.05 as statistically significant.