Metabolomics analysis
Sample analysis was carried out by MS-Omics as follows. Peaks were quantified using area under the curve. Biostatistics were run in R with RStudio GUI. Missing values were imputed by taking 95% of the minimum observed abundance per metabolite. Metabolites that were detected in fewer than 10% of samples were dropped from the analysis. Principal component analysis was performed on CLR-transformed values using the ALDEx2 library. The number of permutations was set to 1000. PERMANOVA followed by a pairwise PERMANOVA was used to find structural differences between treatments on a compositional level. To correct for multiple testing in tests involving metabolomics features, Storey’s 