Analysis
Participant scores for the instruments were calculated as the mean of the answered items multiplied by the total number of items in the scale (or just the mean of the answered items for the BPI-sf). This method addresses missing data by using the scale items that were answered by a participant to calculate their scale score [Quantitative data analysis was based on intention-to-treat principle. The analysis tested for changes in CES-D, STAI, and BPI-sf scores for the intervention group only. These within-group comparisons between time points were conducted with paired 