Baseline measurements of body mass, body fat, and muscle mass
muscle mass
For all participants, body mass, body fat, fat-free mass, and muscle mass were measured to the nearest 0.1 kg using a digital scale (Inbody 230, Inbody Inc., Tokyo Japan) in a fasting state. We used the data taken at the first trial as the baseline measurement. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metres.