Outcomes measures
infection, postoperative pneumonia, Delirium
POSTOPERATIVE PNEUMONIA, WOUND INFECTION, URINARY INFECTION, HYPERGLYCEMIA, INFECTION, EVENTS
The efficacy-related outcomes reported in this study were the incidence and severity of POD in the first 5 days after surgery. Patients were screened for POD using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) [Safety-related outcomes were infection events (including wound infection, postoperative pneumonia, and urinary infection), hyperglycemia, and maximum glucose in the first 3 days postoperatively (Additional file 