5. Conclusions
bradycardia
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
The simultaneous administration of the NCD prevented severe bradycardia during DEX loading dose infusion. In particular, for patients with a low initial HR, the co-administration of NCD may be considered when severe bradycardia is expected during DEX loading dose infusion. Concomitant administration of NCD during DEX infusion did not affect postoperative complications. Further large-scale trials should be conducted with patients in an intensive care setting, with older adults, and those undergoing upper extremity surgery.