2.4.2. Serum Fructosamine 
CROSS
For serum fructosamine testing, 3 mL of venous blood was collected, placed in a serum separating tube bottle, and sent to the Green Cross for analysis. The test was conducted by a colorimetric method, using Cobas 8000 (c702, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), which was intended to assess short-term average blood glucose level, using the normal range of 205–285 µmol/L as the standard. 