Stage 1: estimation of stimulant use associations in the clinical trials
depression, opioid overdose deaths
DISORDER
Among participants in the clinical trials, cumulative incidences of MOUD initiation by baseline stimulant use were described using Kaplan–Meier curves. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between time-varying stimulant use and initiation on MOUD. Analyses controlled for CTN trial (X:BOT vs. CHOICES), treatment arm (buprenorphine vs. XR-NTX), age, sex, race, education, employment, depression history, past 30-day homelessness, alcohol use disorder, past 30-day IDU, and time-varying opioid and benzodiazepine use (we focused on benzodiazepines specifically owing to their increasing co-involvement in opioid overdose deaths [