Harms
All participants underwent a comprehensive evaluation of their intra-oral hard and soft tissues at baseline and follow-up. At the 12-month (T3) follow-up period, there was no harm reported or observed as a result of either intervention, confirming their safety and tolerance. Furthermore, no participant was removed from the trial on the basis that their oral hygiene proved to be unsatisfactory, requiring their fixed orthodontic appliances to be removed.