Procedures
sleep disorders, sleep disorder, daytime dysfunction
Patients in the BC group were not administered any nasal spray. The night after the operation, the 1.0 Dex group was given 1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine nasal spray (100 μg/mL, Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd. Lot number: 210309BP). Similarly, the 1.5 Dex group was given 1.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine nasal spray. Firstly, the anesthesiologist prepared dexmedetomidine based on patient weight using the oral and nasal aerosol device (2 mL*42 mm, Anhui Discovery Medical Device Technology Co., Ltd. China. The oral and nasal aerosol device (2 mL*42 mm, Anhui Discovery Medical Device Technology Co., Ltd. China).We used polysomnography (PSG, Alice PDx, Philips, Respironics Inc. Murrysville, PA, United States; The polysomnography (PSG, Alice PDx, Philips, Respironics Inc. Murrysville, PA, United States).Before premedication, all participants were asked to answer the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire, which was used to assess their sleeping patterns over the last month (baseline) and the first night after surgery. All participants stayed in the same single room for 1–2 people of the PACU and experienced the same sleeping environment. All questionnaires were scored by the same anesthesiologist with 5 years of experience.The PSQI questionnaire has seven components (18 items): A, sleep quality; B, sleep latency; C, sleep duration; D, sleep efficiency; E, sleep disorders; F, use of sleep medication; and G, daytime dysfunction.Each component is scored separately and weighted equally on a scale of 0–3. Thus, total scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality and a score of >5 indicating the presence of a sleep disorder [