Data availability
TCGA
STOMACH CANCER, MUTATION
WES, transcriptome sequencing, and TCR sequencing data generated in this study have been deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive under the accession code Mutation data of the TCGA Stomach Cancer and TCGA Pan-Cancer cohorts were from the UCSC Xena [CT scan and pathological imaging are not shared due to patients’ privacy. The other individual de-identified participant data, Study Protocol, and Statistical Analysis Plan are available on reasonable request within 3 years after this paper’s publication. Qualified researchers may request access to individual patient-level clinical data by contacting the corresponding author at lianliu@sdu.edu.cn. The remaining data are available within the Article, Supplementary Information, or Source Data file. 