DISCUSSION
cognitive decline, dementia, cognitive impairment
We examined the efficacy of multi-domain cognitive function training for 30 minutes at three times a week for eight weeks and found it to be effective in improving cognitive function, working memory, attention, and coordination of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. No side effects were reported during training. The effects of multi-domain cognitive function training remained for one year after training. However, we found no significant improvement for visual-spatial and divided attention. This aligns with the STAC, which is based on the principles of neuroplasticity and cognitive reserve. When cognitive decline occurs, new neural connections can be generated to compensate for old and weakened neurons and thereby maintain basic cognitive function. Thus, proactive behaviours that improve brain performance including cognitive training by helping older adults develop an efficient scaffolding model, increase brainpower and cognitive reserve, and delay cognitive aging are needed [