Statistical analysis
SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data processing and analysis. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (mean ± SD), median and interquartile [M(P25, P75)] or frequency counts and percentages. The baseline characteristics were compared using independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U test or chi-square test. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon test was used for before-and-after comparisons within the intervention or control groups. Independent sample t test was performed for comparisons between groups. 