Conclusions
cognitive and functional outcomes., AD, dementias
The present study offers a mechanistic basis for the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise in early AD by implicating the upregulation of proBDNF/BDNF and humanin. To further advance our understanding of the effects of non-pharmacological treatments for AD and related dementias, future studies should leverage samples from RCTs of exercise alone and/or multidomain lifestyle interventions and examine the relationships of EV biomarkers with cognitive and functional outcomes.