2.7. Measures of Executive Functioning and Attentional Functioning
TMT-J
The Trail Making Test (TMT) (TMT-J: Trail Making Test, Japanese version) was used to measure executive and attention functions.The TMT is an internationally used test method for measuring executive functions [The TMT is available in Part A (TMT-A) and Part B (TMT-B). TMT-A comprises numbers, and participants connect them sequentially from “1” to “25” using a writing tool (pencil), with completion time (in seconds) recorded. TMT-B involves numbers “1” to “13” and “A” to “L” in Hiragana (similar to the Japanese alphabet, with letters A, B, C…). The numbers and Hiragana are connected in the same way alternately, with completion time (in seconds) measured.Participants underwent a practice test before the product test. A shorter completion time indicated superior performance for the TMT.