52 Weeks
smoking behavior, a breath, CPD
At the 52-week time point, the study outcomes focused on smoking behavior and self-efficacy. Assessments included the SASEQ; quit attempts; CPD; use of NRT; and smoking cessation via self-reported 7-day PPA, 30-day PPA, and continuous abstinence; biochemically confirmed abstinence; biochemically confirmed continuous abstinence; and self-reported abstinence from all tobacco products.Self-efficacy was assessed using the SASEQ. Participants were considered to have made a quit attempt during the study if they answered ≥1 to the following question: “Since you began the study, how many times have you tried to quit smoking where you’ve gone at least 1 day without smoking a cigarette, even a single puff?” From this question, the mean quit attempts per participant were quantified as well. CPD were assessed through the mean percentage change and the proportion of participants who reduced their CPD by ≥50% compared with the baseline. NRT use included whether a participant ordered NRT (yes or no)—and, if so, the type of NRT they ordered—using participant-placed orders.Participants were considered to have achieved self-reported 7-day (30-day) PPA if they answered “no” to the following question: “In the last 7 (30) days have you smoked any cigarettes, even a single puff?” Biochemically confirmed abstinence was defined as self-reporting 7-day abstinence and having a breath CO sample of <10 ppm at the 52-week biovalidation visit. Self-reported continuous abstinence was defined as self-reporting 7-day (or greater) PPA at 12 weeks, self-reporting 30-day PPA at 26 and 52 weeks, no more than 5 cigarettes between 12 and 26 weeks, and 0 cigarettes between 26 and 52 weeks. Biochemically confirmed continuous abstinence was defined as self-reported continuous abstinence, as detailed previously, with a breath CO sample of <10 ppm at each of the associated 12-, 26-, and 52-week biovalidation visits. Abstinence from all tobacco products was self-reported.