Data Collection
Data collection was performed using web-based questionnaires at baseline and at the 52-week follow-up. Study data were imported directly into a secure database (PostgreSQL; PostgreSQL Global Development Group).Participants were compensated with US $50 for completing the 52-week web-based questionnaire and US $50 if they were eligible for and completed the associated biovalidation visit. Taking into consideration the 15 participant questionnaires conducted over the 52-week study period (with compensation of US $10-$50 per questionnaire) and the possibility of 2 previous biovalidation visits with compensation of US $50 each, participants could earn up to US $465 in total over the course of the 52-week study. Compensation was in the form of Visa or Mastercard gift cards that were emailed or mailed to their provided address approximately 2 to 3 weeks after completing the associated questionnaire or questionnaires or biovalidation visits. Remuneration was not tied to quitting smoking or use of one’s study program.