Conclusions
anxiety
In conclusion, the findings of this trial indicate that VR-based interventions can be effective in reducing preoperative anxiety and stress levels, as well as promoting preparedness and service satisfaction in adult patients undergoing elective surgery. However, more RCTs with larger samples are needed to further confirm their effects and improve external validity. Findings from this study support research to explore the role of VR technology in other nursing care and health service settings to help manage preoperative anxiety.