Outcome assessments and data collection
Pain
In the PACU, the following parameters were assessed: (1) the cumulative morphine consumption in the first 48 h (as a primary outcome). (2) Pain intensity was evaluated by VAS at time intervals 0–2 h, 2–4 h, 4–8 h, 8–12 h, 12–24 h, 24–36 h, and 36–48 h. (3) Also, the quality of recovery − 40 scoring system (QoR-40) was recorded by the anesthesia resident 48 h after the surgery. (4) Postoperative sedation was assessed at 0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–12, 12–24, and 24–48, using a Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness 