Measures
At baseline, participants self-reported their age category, sex, race, ethnicity, education level (high school or less, some college or technical school, or college graduate), financial status (difficulty paying for medical care), and current number of cigarettes smoked per day. Given that there are known differences in smoking status and cessation by racial and ethnic background and because we analyzed at these levels in other studies, we collected race and ethnicity data for this study. Available categories for race were African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and White; we combined American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander as other race due to small sample sizes. For ethnicity, participants could self-report as Hispanic or Latino or not Hispanic or Latino. We assessed readiness to quit smoking by asking, “People often go through different steps when quitting smoking. Where are you in the process?” (available responses were “I’m not thinking about quitting,” “I set a quit date,” and “I quit today or I’ve already quit”). Our primary outcome was 6-month 7-day point prevalence abstinence assessed using the question “Do you currently smoke cigarettes (smoked even 1 puff in the last 7 days)?”