Causal relationship between sleep and productivity.
presenteeism
In this paper, by introducing the concept of The contributions of this paper are as follows. First, we conducted an RCT in the general workforce to investigate the extent to which sleep health improves and work productivity improves as sleep health improves. As previous studies in sleep health have positioned presenteeism as a measure to capture productivity loss, we also consider presenteeism as productivity and use two measures in a self-response format: a composite indicator using 15 productivity-related questions in our original survey and the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) developed by Tufts University. Second, although there is a growing body of research demonstrating the impact of sleep health on physical and mental health (for example, Dong et al. [