Perspective and significance
Non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation is a powerful tool to influence cognitive performance and training. The stimulation effects can be modulated by a multitude of factors one of them is sex/gender. While the results of this study suggest that tDCS works better in females when faced with a challenging cognitive task, we cannot conclude that there are no effects in males. This will require a more focused and sex-based approach. Understanding how sex interacts with tDCS is a critical step on the path to personalised and effective cognitive interventions and treatments.