Participants
neck disability, disability, pain
Fifty individuals (30 women, 20 men, median age 69 years, range 52–83) completed the questionnaires 20.5 to 24 (mean 22.4) years after surgery (Table Of the participants, 32 individuals had surgery at one cervical level, 16 at two levels, and 2 at three levels. Eight participants had at least one additional surgery during the follow-up period (not significant between groups). There was a similar distribution between the two surgical groups regarding age, gender, and preoperative pain and disability ratings. Two-year radiographs showed fused operated segment(s) in 33 individuals (missing data in 3 individuals), with a significant difference between groups (fusion rates: Cloward procedure = 90%, CIFC = 54%, p = .010) (Table 
Background Data of Study ParticipantsCIFC = cervical intervertebral fusion cage, CP = Cloward procedure, NDI = neck disability index, VAS = visual analogue scale, * = significant differences, # additional surgeries includes both revision surgery (same segment) and additional surgery (different segment)