Aberrant latent brain state dynamics in children with ADHD
TD, ADHD
CORTEX
Latent state variables play a crucial role in characterizing the dynamics of brain activity. We used BSDS to probe latent state dynamics of a cognitive control system comprising key nodes of the SN, FPN, and DMN: bilateral anterior insula, middle frontal gyrus, frontal eye fields, inferior parietal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), and pre-supplementary motor area (or dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, DMPFC) (Fig. BSDS uncovered 5 distinct latent brain states labeled S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 in a combined group of children with ADHD under placebo condition and TD controls (Fig. We first examined group differences on occupancy rate across all the latent brain states. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with factors group (TD, ADHD) and state (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) (Fig. 