EuroQol – 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) [
anxiety/depression
This is a standardised, self-report questionnaire covering five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression). Each dimension has responses in 3 levels of intensity: (level 1) no problems, (level 2) some problems, and (level 3) extreme problems. Participants are also asked to provide a self-rating on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health state). The EQ-5D total score is converted into an EQ-5D index score using already established valuation sets. Pakistan does not have a preference-based value set for the EQ-5D-3L instrument; therefore, the Thailand time trade-off tariff was applied. Values, 1–3, were assigned to each level of EQ-5D-3L. Value 1 indicates perfect health, and 3 is the worst in each dimension. In the first step, all the responses of level were mentioned together for each participant such as from (1 1 1 1 1) to (3 3 3 3 3) and in the second step a crosswalk table was used to compute the index score (using Thailand tariff). Test–retest reliability assessments in the general population reported moderately weighted kappa (