Discussion
inflammation, gingivitis, peri-implant mucositis/peri-implantitis, tooth loss, periodontal disease, peri-implantitis
PERIODONTAL DISEASE, PERIODONTAL DISEASE, GINGIVITIS, INFLAMMATION
Periodontal disease and peri-implant mucositis/peri-implantitis are significant oral health challenges that can lead to tooth loss and implant failure. Conventional treatments like Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) and mechanical debridement have limitations, leaving a need for alternative approaches to reduce gingival inflammation and improve periodontal health. Probiotics have emerged as a promising option due to their ability to restore microbial balance, inhibit periodontal pathogens, and modulate the immune response. It highlights the potential of probiotics as a suitable alternative treatment to address gingival inflammation in both periodontal disease and peri-implantitis, suggesting their efficacy in improving clinical indices and microbiological parameters [Reports of modest positive effects of probiotics in reducing clinical parameters associated with gingivitis suggest that more rigorous randomized clinical trials are needed to provide conclusive evidence on the efficacy of probiotics in gingivitis [In a randomized clinical trial, the probiotic bacterial strains 