Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire

The Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire comprises 19 items measuring perceived quality of life in individuals aged 55 years or older. Each item has 4 response options: never (0 points); not often (1 point); sometimes (2 points); and often (3 points). The score ranges from 0 to 57, and higher scores indicate better perceived quality of life. A total of 6 items (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 9) are recorded as negative values and subsequently inverted in the data analysis.
