1. Introduction
PWS, PWSs
A pre-workout supplement’s (PWS; 200 mg caffeine, 3.3 g creatine monohydrate, 3.2 g β-alanine, 6 g citrulline malate and 5 g branched chained amino acid (BCAA) per dose) acute effects on the alactic (jumping, sprinting, agility), lactic (Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test, RAST) and aerobic performance (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, Yo-Yo IRL1 VONumerous studies have reported athletes’ readiness and performance improvement after the consumption of caffeine (3–6 mg/kg body mass) [Based on findings related to the independent effects of each of the above supplementation on athletes’ performance, currently, athletes’ consumption of pre-workout supplements (PWSs) has increased. PWSs are formulas that usually contain different combinations of the above ingredients. Theoretically, the above ingredients may work synergistically when consumed together, improving several aspects of athletes’ performance [Even though the popularity of PWS use has increased among trained/professional athletes, most of the data in this area are derived from recreationally and not from well-trained athletes of a competitive level (especially in team sports) [To the best of our knowledge, only scarce data exist regarding the evaluation of the effectiveness of PWSs on basketball players’ performance, and the acute effect of PWSs on other important physical performance parameters of basketball players, such as agility and speed [