Statistical analysis
REGRESSION, BLOOD, SECONDARY
Descriptive statistics were used to display baseline demographic, clinical characteristics, and dietary components for each subgroup (Baseline characteristics by dietary quality and adherence to diet for those assigned to a healthy low-carbohydrate diet (Abbreviations: SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; HEI, Healthy Eating Index -2010.Dietary quality is defined by 12-mo minus baseline change in HEI-2010 score (above the median is high, below the median is low).Dietary adherence is defined by 12-mo minus baseline change in grams of carbohydrate (below the median is high, above the median is low).All values presented as Mean (SD) unless specified.Self-reported by participants from the following options (White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, American Indian, Alaska Native, Pacific Islander and Other).American Indian/Alaska Native/Pacific Islander and Other.Baseline characteristics by dietary quality and adherence to diet for those assigned to a healthy low-fat diet (Abbreviations: SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; HEI, Healthy Eating Index -2010.Dietary quality is defined by 12-mo minus baseline change in HEI-2010 score (above the median is high, below the median is low).Dietary adherence is defined by 12-mo minus baseline change in grams of fat (below the median is high, above the median is low).All values presented as Mean (SD) unless specified.Self-reported by participants from the following options (White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, American Indian, Alaska Native, Pacific Islander and Other).American Indian/Alaska Native/Pacific Islander and Other.Baseline to 12-mo change in primary and secondary outcome variables by dietary quality and adherence for those assigned to a healthy low-carbohydrate dietAbbreviations: SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; HEI, Healthy Eating Index -2010.Dietary quality is defined by 12-mo minus baseline change in HEI-2010 score (above the median is high, below the median is low).Dietary adherence is defined by 12-mo minus baseline change in grams of carbohydrate (below the median is high, above the median is low).All values presented as Mean (SD). Baseline to 12-mo change in primary and secondary outcome variables by dietary quality and adherence for those assigned to a healthy low-fat dietAbbreviations: SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; HEI, Healthy Eating Index -2010.Dietary quality is defined by 12-mo minus baseline change in HEI-2010 score (above the median is high, below the median is low).Dietary adherence is defined by 12-mo minus baseline change in grams of fat (below the median is high, above the median is low).All values presented as Mean (SD). N columns are the number of participants whose data was available to include in the analysis of each outcome.Baseline to 12-mo changes in primary and secondary outcomes for those with high dietary quality, high dietary adherence, or both versus those with low dietary quality and adherence (Change (95% Confidence Interval)).Results based on linear regression models performed separately for each outcome and for each diet intervention (low-carbohydrate and low-fat), with the low quality, low adherence group as the reference group. Results display parameter estimates and 95% confidence intervals for all models.Abbreviations: SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure.Model 1 adjusted for age (y), sex (male/female), and baseline weight (kg).Model 2 for low carbohydrate adjusted for age (y), sex (male/female), baseline weight (kg), and baseline net carbohydrate intake (g).Model 2 for low fat adjusted for age (y), sex (male/female), baseline weight (kg), and baseline total fat intake (g).All statistical procedures were performed using SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, version 9.4) and R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, version 3.3.2), and all statistical tests were evaluated using an alpha cutoff of 0.05.