Study design
The present study was a multi‐center, randomized controlled clinical trial with simple randomization (1:1 allocation ratio), conducted by six experienced operators, who enrolled and treated patients from June 2020 to February 2021. The present trial was reported following CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. The study protocol was designed in accordance with recommendations expressed in the Fortaleza revision (2013) of the Helsinki Declaration for investigations on human subjects. The study protocol was approved by the relevant ethical committee (Comitato Etico Regione Calabria—Sezione Area Centro n. 418/2020) and retrospectively recorded in a public registry of clinical trials (The present superiority trial tested the null hypothesis of no difference in primary stability between implants inserted into sites prepared with different devices (OD [test group] and piezoelectric surgery [control group]), against the alternative hypothesis of a difference.