Statistical analyses
girl/boy, diabetes
REGRESSION, DIABETES
Descriptive statistics for continuous variables are presented with mean, standard deviation (SD) and minimum and maximum values. Categorical variables are presented with frequencies and percentages. Histograms and Q-Q plots for continuous variables were reviewed to assess normality, and maternal insulin and HOMA-IR were logarithmically transformed before further analyses due to non-normal distribution. Independent samples t-tests were used to analyse group differences for continuous variables. For categorical variables differences were analysed using Chi-square tests or Fishers exact tests as appropriate.Simple and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations between outcome and exposure variables. Mother-child pairs with missing values for one or more of the predictors, covariates, or outcomes were excluded from the regression analyses. Linearity was assessed by scatterplots, and multicollinearity was evaluated by reviewing pairwise correlations and variance inflation factors. The normality of residuals was assessed with residual plots. For the multivariable regression, covariate adjustments were performed in three separate models. Model 1 adjusted for offspring age (continuous), offspring sex (girl/boy), offspring physical activity (on average ≥ 60 minutes moderate to vigorous physical activity per day: yes/no), maternal group allocation in the original RCT (intervention group/control group), maternal socioeconomic position (continuous, class 1-5), maternal age (continuous), diabetes among first degree relatives of the mother (yes/no or uncertain) and gestational age at OGTT (continuous). Model 2 adjusted for the same variables as model 1, in addition to offspring BMI (continuous). Model 3 adjusted for the same variables as model 2, in addition to maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (continuous). Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.