5. Conclusions
Eight weeks of a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet combined with exercise decreased circulating anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and IL-1RA. In men, the pro-inflammatory markers IL-6, CCL-2, and HMGB-1 were reduced following a high-protein, omega-3-supplemented diet. A high-protein diet attenuated anti-inflammatory IL-1RA on gene expression levels in PBMC. Exercise alone resulted in a lower CCL-2 response to ex vivo LPS exposure in whole-blood-cultures, which is likely attributable to the effects seen in men.