Implications of this research
DISEASE
The analysis of dietary patterns aims to evaluate the cumulative impact of dietary exposures on disease risk to inform development of dietary guidelines [Our integrative approach of using a trial and an observational study with nutritional biomarkers strengthens the evidence for the utility of biomarkers in research on dietary patterns. Further investigations are warranted for a broader use of biomarkers to monitor dietary adherence in research, clinical settings, and potentially of preventive interventions in the real world. Our primary finding was consistent with interventional evidence from a Mediterranean (Spanish) population [