Subjects
PWS, cancers, congenital heart disease, convulsions, scoliosis, epilepsy, cancer, hypopnea, claudication, apnea, psychosis, diabetes, abnormal fasting glucose, congenital skeletal dysplasia, tumors, abnormal liver or kidney function, acute lung infection
CANCERS, CONGENITAL SKELETAL DYSPLASIA, SCOLIOSIS, EPILEPSY, CANCER, SEVERE OBESITY, CHRONIC DISEASES, CENTRAL APNEA, CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA, TUMORS, DIABETES
A total of 45 genetically confirmed PWS subjects (42 tested using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and three by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction) were recruited, of whom 35 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and received daily rhGH (Jintropin®, GeneScience Pharmaceuticals, Changchun, China) and 30 subjects completed treatment (Fig. Patient enrollment flow chart of this studyExclusion criteria were: (1) abnormal liver or kidney function; (2) obvious central sleep apnea (central apnea index ≥ 5 events/hour sleep) and/or moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea (obstructive apnea index > 5 events/hour sleep, or apnea–hypopnea index > 10 events/hour sleep), assessed by polysomnography, acute lung infection; (3) chronic diseases with long-term effects on bone metabolism and body composition; (4) congenital skeletal dysplasia, or spine scoliosis with moderate and above degree requiring treatment or claudication; (5) congenital heart disease, or an echocardiogram showing that the structural abnormalities require surgery or interventional therapy or that the left ventricular ejection fraction is < 40%, or an abnormal electrocardiogram requiring intervention; (6) history of convulsions or epilepsy; (7) other systemic chronic diseases; (8) with diagnosed tumors; (9) family history of cancers (two or more immediate family members within three generations who have had cancer), a previous history of cancer, or considered to be at a high risk of cancer after assessing other information; (10) psychosis; (11) diabetes, or abnormal fasting glucose that may affect the safety of the participant; (12) severe obesity [body mass index (BMI) above 95th percentile for the same gender and age] [