Methodological Limitations of Problematic Pornography Use Withdrawal Studies
PPU
To date, studies investigating withdrawal in PPU have methodological limitations that make them less than ideal for determining whether actual withdrawal symptoms manifest during periods of abstinence. Retrospective reports of negative abstinence effects during prior abstinence attempts as reported in cross-sectional surveys (e.g., Dwulit & Rzymski, Therefore, in order to properly investigate the potential manifestation of withdrawal, prospective studies of abstinence effects, preferably using intensive longitudinal methods such as ecological momentary assessment or daily diaries, are needed (Fernandez et al., 