Participants
stroke, psychosis, bipolar disorder, mania, CPD, depression, schizophrenia, substance abuse, unstable disease
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, STROKE, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
We recruited daily, non-treatment seeking, non-menthol Marlboro Red and Gold smokers from the greater Philadelphia area from October 2014 to February 2019 using print and digital media advertisements and contacting previous study participants.Eligible participants were men and women aged 21–60 who: reported smoking ≥ 5 non-menthol Marlboro Red or Gold cigarettes per day (CPD) for the past 12 months; were not currently undergoing cessation treatment or planning to quit smoking; could communicate fluently in English and provide written informed consent; and planned to remain in the greater Philadelphia area for the study duration. Participants were excluded if they reported using any nicotine product other than cigarettes; consuming ≥ 25 alcohol-containing drinks per week; had a history of substance abuse or serious or unstable disease in the past 12 months; had a history or current diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, psychosis, depression, bipolar disorder, mania, or schizophrenia; were colorblind, pregnant, or breastfeeding; or provided an initial carbon monoxide (CO) assessment < 5 ppm (to verify smoking status); [