Sedation protocol
Patients aged < 60 years or weighing > 50 kg were randomly assigned to receive 3 mg intravenous midazolam or 5 mg remimazolam. In contrast, those aged ≥ 60 years or with a body weight of < 50 kg were assigned to receive 2 mg intravenous midazolam or 3 mg intravenous remimazolamDuring bronchoscopy, all of the patients received supplemental oxygen via a nasal cannula at 5 L/min. If oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry was < 90%, jaw thrust was performed and the oxygen flow was increased to 10 L/min. Hemodynamic parameters, including continuous electrocardiography, heart rate, respiratory rate, and automated noninvasive blood pressure measurements, were recorded every 5 min.