5. Conclusion
hypertrophy
HYPERTROPHY, CONTRACTION
EMS can be considered a complementary exercise tool that induces different physiological responses from those of voluntary contraction. To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively analyze the additional effects of EMS on strengthening exercises in terms of muscle contraction ability, hypertrophy, functional movements, and body composition changes. Based on this study, we conclude that EMS is safe and that superimposed EMS training on exercise programs would have additional positive effects on efficient muscle contraction. Further studies are needed to elucidate the optimal EMS parameters which can be incorporated into conventional exercise to improve muscle properties and physiological performance.