Conclusion
thoracic and lumbar spine surgery, postoperative pain, ESPB, traumatic
DEGENERATIVE
The ESPB proved to be a safe and effective approach in reducing postoperative opioid consumption up to 48 h after surgery, providing adequate control of postoperative pain, and significantly increasing the satisfaction of patients. Our study confirms the efficacy of ESPB in spinal fusions of thoracic and lumbar spinal levels, expanding the validity of these findings to Caucasian patients and to the healthcare systems of the Western world.The extensive use of ESPB in thoracic and lumbar spine surgery is thus recommended.Moreover, considering its limited cost, safety profile and lack of impact on the surgical theatre schedule, novel investigations and clinical trials expanding the application of ESPB to a wider range of thoracic and lumbar spinal surgeries, independently of their degenerative or traumatic etiologies, should be considered.