Arithmetic performance
MAY
The German Lernverlaufsdiagnostik-Mathematik für zweite bis vierte Klassen (LVD-M 2–4) [Curriculum-based Measurement-Mathematics for Second to Fourth Grades] by Strathmann and KlauerBecause of the first Covid-19 related lockdown and associated delays in learning in the preceding school year, teachers expressed concern that many of their students were not able to meet grade-level expectations and would be frustrated by a difficult test. Therefore, at T1 the test versions of the previous grade were used, i.e., third graders took the test for second graders and fourth graders that for third graders. T-scores from the end of second grade were used to evaluate third graders’ performance at T1, whereas T-scores from the end of third grade were utilized for fourth graders’ performance at T1. At T2 and T3, however, grade-appropriate arithmetic tests and T-scores were employed. At T2 (December) T-scores for the middle of the school year were used. T-values for the middle of the school year were also chosen for T3 (May) because the usual growth in learning could not be assumed due to the second Covid-19 related lockdown. Criterion validity of the LVD-M 2–4 was established by high correlations with another standardized mathematics test (