Participants
abduction
Seventy females diagnosed with one-sided post-mastectomy AC participated in this study. All patients were diagnosed by a specialized orthopedist. The procedures of this trial were carried out at the outpatient clinic at the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Females who met the following inclusion criteria participated in the study; age ranged from 40 to 60 years, Prior to participating in the trial, all participants were educated about the trial’s purposes, benefits, and steps and signed a consent form. Small groups of one to four patients underwent the sessions at a time, supervised by specialized physical therapist. The study included two equal groups of participants who were allocated randomly. The intervention group received graded Thera-Band exercises for the restricted shoulder ROM (flexion, abduction, and internal/external rotation) and scapular stabilization exercises (60 min, 5 days per week for 8 weeks) plus a conventional physiotherapy program including hot packs, active ROM exercises, pendular exercises, wall climb exercises, mobilization exercises, and shoulder capsular stretching. The control group obtained only the conventional physiotherapy program (30–40 min, 5 days weekly for 8 weeks).