Outcomes
NRS pain, pain
Data collection, including conducting all functional tests, was performed by blinded research assistants. The primary outcomes were NRS pain score and quadriceps strength. NRS pain score (0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain) was assessed before the operation, at the PACU, and 6 h and 24 h after the operation. The average NRS score was measured when patients were at rest, while the maximum NRS was measured when patients were asked to raise their legs. Quadriceps strength was assessed before the operation and 6 h and 24 h after the operation using the quadriceps strength test (QST) [