Literature review
Integrated learning has emerged as a global trend in advanced education since the mid-20th century, with Europe and Asia adopting an integrated approach in curriculum, textbook design, and teaching practices across various educational levels [Advancements in the digital age have facilitated the utilization of gadgets not only for entertainment and information exchange but also for collecting health-related data and proposing optimal approaches to physical training. The availability of effective feedback mechanisms enables students to engage in regular physical education activities. By comprehending the value and focus of the proposed training programs, students are more motivated to participate. University physical education teachers can leverage this data to design tailored physical training exercises that improve the quality of education and enhance student motivation [Integrated education programmes are positioned as an alternative educational practice, developed based on two or more science areas to achieve the academic goal in each discipline. However, sceptics underline that the integration practices in education lead to a knowledge decline among the students because there is no full involvement of students in the discipline. The pedagogical impact mentioned above is primarily manifested in the increased level of student engagement and positive attitudes towards education. Furthermore, it facilitates meaningful interdisciplinary communication, which contributes to a dual effect [Physical education can positively influence the development of critical thinking skills based on the inductive thinking model because the traditional stimulus-response learning mode is considered less effective than the mediation model [The integration of physical education and medical science into the complete discipline is currently found in school rather than university education. The scholars discuss the first aid programme recommended for elementary schools. The programme involves medical skills and physical education, covering fitness, general motor skills, sense of rhythm, dance, gymnastics, and outdoor games [Digital technology can be used as a scoreboard and a specialised platform to provide students with interactive classroom management using a timer, music display and microphone. At the same time, it was found that gadgets (laptops, tablets, mobile phones and other applications used in physical education) can improve the students’ motivation, develop motor skills, increase inclusion and improve group belonging and cohesion [The use of mobile applications and ICT in the physical education of students at universities is becoming increasingly popular all over the world. Mobile applications are actively used tools to track students’ physical activity and create personalized training programs [In general, universities worldwide tend to integrate mobile applications and ICT into physical education. This trend continues to develop [