Setting and participants
DISORDERS
The study utilized a stratified random sampling method to select participants in proportion to the total number of intern nurses. The four hospitals included in the study were considered separate groups, or strata, and had 806 intern nurses working there during the academic year 2022/2023. These hospitals were the Main University Hospital (El-Miri) (A), with 350 intern nurses; University Hospital Smouha (B), with 200 intern nurses; El Shatby Hospital for Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C), with 106 intern nurses; and El Hadara Orthopedic and Traumatology University Hospital (D) with 150 intern nurses. To be eligible, participants needed beginner intern nurses, aged not more than 25 years, willing to participate, and had no mental health disorders or ongoing psychotherapy.