3. Results
There was no significant difference in body weight or power output during the TtE test or SS test. Resting plasma glucose and leptin concentrations were lower and HDL cholesterol levels were higher following four weeks of supplementation with The 20 km TT was completed faster (112 ± 61 s) following While 15 participants completed both of the interventions, mitochondrial function in a total of 7 muscle samples could not be measured due to either damaged muscle fibers or equipment error, leaving paired sample numbers of 11 at rest and 9 matched resting (0 min) and post-exercise (60 min) samples. At rest, a higher oxygen flux per mass of fresh muscle was observed after When comparing the change in OThe levels of leptin and adiponectin were compared following four weeks of placebo or There were no significant changes in the mRNA expression of A time effect was also observed as exercise resulted in higher mRNA expression of A lower total protein content of AMPK-α was observed in skeletal muscle following 30 min exercise with the There was a significant increase in AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation levels after 60 min exercise compared to 0 min and 30 min of exercise, with Levels of AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation relative to total AMPK demonstrated an increase following 30 min of exercise, which was further increased after 60 min of exercise, with Resting data for ACC-α were different between treatments, with ACC-α being lower following Phospho-ACC at Ser79 (The protein expression of PGC-1α level decreased after 60 min exercise compared with 30 min exercise following 