Intervention group (IANB plus cryotherapy)
coldness
STERILE
Silicon ice blocks were filled with water and placed in the freezer. The temperature was monitored using a digital freezer/fridge thermometer (Gellvann, China). The ice packs were used when their temperature ranged between − 4 and 0 °C to avoid any risk of frostbite. If the ice pack was removed before 5 min of continuous application, the patient was excluded.After the IANB injection, ice packs wrapped in sterile gauze were applied to the buccal vestibule of the mandibular first permanent molar with SIP for 5 min. Participants were asked to remove the ice packs immediately once an intolerant coldness or burning sensation had been felt [