Study design and patient recruitment
osteoarthritis
OSTEOARTHRITIS
The current study was a randomized, controlled, double-blind, prospective trial. Patients with osteoarthritis who underwent primary unilateral TKA between February 2022 and December 2022 at our institution were included in the present study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age ranging from 40 to 85 years, (2) American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) functional status of I–III, and (3) body mass index (BMI) of 18–36 kg/m