Introduction
substance-related
Behavioral economics offers a broad framework for understanding how the behavior of an organism is maintained by reinforcers (Hursh, In a standard laboratory preparation, demand curves are generated with fixed-ratio (FR) schedules to model the price of a commodity, often a drug (e.g., Johnson & Bickel, Simulated purchase tasks have shown relevance for treatment outcomes, dependence levels, substance-related correlates, and individual differences in smoking risk (MacKillop & Murphy, Although hypothetical drug purchase tasks allow for more cost- and time-effective methods, and appear to correspond well with real scenarios, most drug purchase task scenarios involve choices about hypothetical drug doses. These tasks require participants to “imagine a standard/average/typical drug dose” which introduces variability across participants given diverse drug expectancy effects and experiences (the expectation of drug effects, variability in potency with typical drugs purchased). Even when the drug dose is defined (Bruner & Johnson, 