2.3.2 Interventions
migraine
MIGRAINE, BLIND
There were two interventional groups. The first interventional group performed eye movement exercise and the second interventional group performed diaphragmatic breathing instruction. Likewise, there was an active control group. In the control group, the common pharmaceutical intervention was presented.The eye movement exercise included horizontal (dextroversion/levoversion), and vertical (sursumduction/deorsumduction) conjugate eye movements (Jain, Shows participants' eye movement exercise for interventional groups: The first row shows vertical head‐guided eye movement exercise; the second row shows horizontal head‐guided eye movement exercise.Shows participants' eye movement exercise for interventional groups: The first row shows vertical head‐guided eye movement exercise; the second row shows horizontal head‐guided eye movement exercise.The diaphragmatic breathing practice required a deep nasal inhalation, a 2 s repose, and a long, deep oral exhalation three times a day around 7:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m., and 9:00 p.m. for 5 min for 12 consecutive weeks. Participants were persuaded to focus on their breathing while inhaling and exhaling (Adler et al., During the eye movement exercise and diaphragmatic breathing practice, participants were asked to sit upright and plant their feet on the ground at a 90‐degree angle to match the extension of their shoulders. Moreover, they were instructed to fix their heads horizontally, leveling with their bodies. They were also asked to arch their backs completely and slouch forward. The position was followed by rolling shoulders back and dropping them down. The preparation phase ended with a deep breath and relaxation (Figure Participants’ posture during eye movement exercise or diaphragmatic breathing: a = upright back; b = fixed, leveled, and high‐up head; c = rolled backed shoulders; d = planted feet on the ground at a 90‐degree angle to the extension of shoulders; e = slouched forward breastThe active control group received the medical intervention, which consisted of commonly prescribed medication to help with the migraine symptoms. Because there were a variety of prescribed prophylactic medications (e.g., propranolol, imipramine) and their effects on the migraine symptoms were not a goal for the present trial, it was not necessary to keep a record of the type of medication that participants were using throughout the trial. Therefore, like the interventional groups, they were checked regularly to reduce the attrition rate and completed all the trial measures at the baseline, post‐test, and follow‐up assessments.After the randomization and group allocation, two research assistants who were blind to the aims and nature of the trial were instructed to train the participants on how to perform eye movement exercises and diaphragmatic breathing in two face‐to‐face sessions (each session = 30 min). Nonetheless, jogging was instructed in a separate and face‐to‐face session (30 min) by another research assistant.All members in the interventional groups had to go jogging during the intervention they received. Jogging included circling the outer ring of a local public park for 3.2 km (≈ 25 min). During jogging, the instruction was that they followed a breathing rhythm that needed two relaxed, deep nasal inhalations, a repose, and two deep oral exhalations. The jogging was exercised every other day (between 5:00 and 7:00 p.m.) for 12 weeks.