Discussion
stroke, post-stroke, LL hemiparesis
STROKE, PATHOLOGY
FES is a standard inpatient neurological intervention for stroke patients with FD. Due to this ethical consideration, denying patients the right to be involved in FES therapy was not an option. Therefore, the decision was made to construct a crossover design. Including the third group with healthy volunteers was required for three reasons. First, finding the maximal relative difference between healthy individuals for the SEP amplitude and latencies between 4 weeks of measurements is necessary. This gives us information about the standard deviation and sensibility of SEP measurement. Second, the third group increased the number of study participants with minimal detected SEP variation, increasing the validity of the results. Finally, no previous study compared stroke patients and healthy individuals by measuring SEP differences.Following the interventions, SEP changes found in group A (time since stroke, 25.33 ± 14.02 days) support the hypothesis that post-stroke functional recovery occurred primarily over the first 30 days, with moderate recovery continuing for 30–90 days [LL hemiparesis was found independent of whether the lesions were cortical, subcortical or in the brainstem. Nevertheless, the pathology of SEP in the primary cortical somatosensory complex of the paretic foot can be observed independent of the height of the lesion within the brain. This phenotype was previously explained by Krakauer and Carmichael [No patient showed a loss or decrease in TN cortical peaks after the FES intervention, which could be generated as a result of aggravation or as already described in studies [The dependent Interestingly, group A showed no improvement in steps taken in the 10-m walking test between weeks 2 and 4, during which no intervention was given. This showed that using individual adjusted FES on stroke patients could help reduce this impairment by providing an electrical stimulus in the average gait rhythm pace. Furthermore, a moderate correlation between changes in the variable [N50 TN non-paretic latency] and the variable [10-m walking test in cadence/group A], Furthermore, SEPs have sufficient sensitivity to detect even the smallest changes in the action potential of cortical neural networks after stroke. They can probably be used to assess the effect of various sensory therapies—cryotherapy, thermotherapy, occupational tactile therapy or robotic tactile therapy—in a direct manner. Nevertheless, it would be essential for future studies to assess the influence of FES using a combination of SEP with different neurophysiological measures, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation [