Inclusion and exclusion criteria
cancer, death, traumatic
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, CHRONIC ILLNESSES, COAGULATION DISORDERS, PMS, CANCER, EVENTS
The 11th‐grade single students with regular menstruation (interval of 21–35 days) and moderate to severe PMS were enrolled. The exclusion criteria encompassed students with chronic illnesses (such as irritable bowel syndrome, coagulation disorders, and cancer), professional athletes, and students who used alternative therapies such as traditional medicine to control the PMS symptoms. Moreover, those who took hormonal treatments (e.g., estrogen, progesterone, their compounds, or antidepressants) and those who have experienced traumatic events, such as severe accidents, the death of family members (father, mother, siblings), and parental divorce over the past 6 months were excluded.