Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
P.
CUFF, ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
To rule out potential baseline differences, clinic SBP and DBP were measured through an automated blood pressure device (Infinity M540, Dräger, Germany) on both study days before beverage consumption. For 24-h ABPM, an automated oscillometric blood pressure device (Mobil-O-Graph®, IEM, Germany) was utilized. Cuff sizes were selected according to the right upper arm circumference. The 24-h ABPM measurement was initiated simultaneously with beverage consumption. The device performed measurements automatically every 15 min during daytime and every 30 min during nighttime. Study participants were asked to note sleep and wake times on a separate protocol. The assessment of 24-h ABPM data was conducted by a masked researcher. Measurement errors were removed manually from the data set. Participants were included in the final analysis if for each study day ≥50 blood pressure measurements were successfully recorded within a 24-h period and if ≥10 blood pressure measurements were successfully performed during nighttime. Mean values of the following parameters were assessed for daytime, nighttime, and the total 24-h period: SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg), pulse pressure (PP, mmHg), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP, mmHg), central diastolic blood pressure (cDBP, mmHg), central pulse pressure (cPP, mmHg), augmentation index normalized for a heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx@75, %), pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/s), and heart rate (HR, bpm).Compared to intra-aortic readings in adult patients, central blood pressure and PWV measurements assessed by the Mobil-O-Graph® were demonstrated to be accurate and acceptable.Dipping (%) was calculated for SBP and DBP individually as follows:In addition, the percentage (%) of SBP and DBP measurements classified as arterial hypertension was calculated for daytime, nighttime, and the total 24-h period as follows: in study participants <16 years of age, arterial hypertension at daytime was present if blood pressure was ≥95 P. of a pediatric reference population.