Measurement
redness, tear-film
CONJUNCTIVA, COMPLICATIONS
Measurements in the study included: (1) ocular surface; (2) tear quality; (3) visual quality; and (4) visual function. Each examination was performed on the baseline (BL), day 1, week 1, and week 2. In addition to the baseline measurement data (wearing habitual multi-focal spectacles) without participants wearing contact lenses before the experiment, some exams could only be measured after removing the lenses (ocular surface redness, corneal fluorescence staining, and contact TBUT), while others could be performed with or without participants wearing contact lenses, including NI-TBUT, lipid layer, and blink frequency. Visual quality included blinking frequency and modulation transfer function (MTF), as well as the analysis of the subjective questionnaire survey. Blinking frequency was also recorded while wearing and removing contact lenses.A Topcon VT-10 phoropter (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), View-M digital visual acuity chart (Quan Chin Industrial Co., Taiwan, 6 M in a bright room), and a TMV near-point card (Brighten Optix Co., Taiwan, 40 cm) were used to measure subjective refraction and visual acuity. Further examinations conducted for this study involved the following four stages: (1) ocular surface evaluation (Topcon SL-D701 slit lamp), including quantifying the redness of the conjunctiva or limbus (Efron Grading Scales for Contact Lens Complications, score 0–4), and corneal fluorescence staining (standard Oxford scale, score 0–5); (2) tear quality, including contact tear-film break-up time (TBUT), non-contact tear-film break-up time (NI-TBUT), and lipid-layer thickness (SBM ICP Tearscope); (3) visual quality examination, including blink frequency, modulation transfer function (Nidek OPD Scan 3, Tokyo, Japan)