Research implementation
The two selected hospitals were two affiliated hospitals of the same university so the content of continuing education in both hospitals were similar. In the empirical study, the control group did not carry out systematic information literacy training, and they only participated in the relevant continuing education, while the observation group, apart from the regular continuing education and training, was trained as per the courses of information literacy for nursing staff constructed in the previous stage. Theoretical knowledge was mainly trained by classroom lectures and group discussions; information retrieval was trained by demonstration and computer operation; evidence-based nursing knowledge was trained by document retrieval and document quality evaluation.