Participant selection
atrial appendage occlusion, ventricular septal perforation, bleeding, Hematological disease, Ischemic stroke, allergy, nipple muscle fracture, dysphasia, gastrointestinal or intracranial hemorrhage, limb dysfunction, Abnormal liver or kidney function, malignant arrhythmias, trauma
BLEEDING, AORTIC DISSECTION, ISCHEMIC STROKE, ALLERGY, HEART RUPTURE, DYSPHASIA, BLEEDING TENDENCY, MALIGNANCIES, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, CARDIOGENIC SHOCK, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, COMPLICATIONS
The main inclusion criteria are ACS patients with concomitant nonvalvular AF, who underwent new‐generation DES implantation with CHAInclusion and exclusion criteria.
≥18 years
ACS patients with concomitant paroxysmal, permanent, or persistent nonvalvular AF underwent new‐generation DES implantation
CHA
In an acceptable risk of bleeding at the discretion of researchers (e.g., HAS‐BLED score ≤ 3)
Consent to participate in the trial
DES implanted in the left main coronary artery
Cardiogenic shock or Killip III–IV
STEMI patients with malignant arrhythmias or underwent electrodefibrillation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation or with cardiac mechanical complications (heart rupture, ventricular septal perforation, nipple muscle fracture, etc.)
History of gastrointestinal or intracranial hemorrhage; active bleeding, trauma, or major surgery within 1 month; suspected or diagnosed aortic dissection
Ischemic stroke with limb dysfunction or dysphasia
Known allergy or intolerance to the study medications: warfarin, clopidogrel, aspirin, dabigatran, ticagrelor, and heparin
Participating in other ongoing trials
Planned surgery in 12 months requiring to withdraw of the antiplatelet agents
Planned AF ablation or left atrial appendage occlusion in the next 12 months
Abnormal liver or kidney function (ALT > 3 ULN; estimated CrCl < 30 mL/min/1.73 m
Hematological disease with bleeding tendency; hemoglobin < 100 g/L; platelet count < 100 × 10
Malignancies or life expectancy of less than 1 year
Pregnant (present, suspected, or planned) or lactating woman
Patients who are taking drugs which may interact with study agents, such as miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, efinaconazole, and rifampicin
Patients with any other conditions that may not be suitable to participate in the trial at the discretion of the researchersAbbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; AF, atrial fibrillation; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CrCl, creatinine clearance; DES, drug‐eluting stent; STEMI, ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; ULN, upper limit of normal.