Data collection
low back pain, facet joints, pain
Baseline demographics and other potential confounders were collected approximately four weeks before the index treatment. Baseline variables included age, sex, BMI, duration of low back pain, laterality of pain (ie, bilateral, symmetrical, unilateral), level and the number of painful facet joints, opioid use (binary yes/no), and NPRS back pain (7-day average). Validated patient-reported outcomes (PRO) were collected at baseline by assessors and again at the established post-procedural time points to compare pre- and post-PRO scores. In addition to the NPRS scores, Oswestery Disability Index (ODI) scores and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores were collected. A blinded authorized study team member recorded all variables.