Discussion
This study explored potential spill-over effects of computer-based and in-person delivered BAI on tobacco smoking in proactively recruited general hospital patients. Two main findings of this study are: First, within the first year, a computer-based intervention targeting alcohol use in at-risk alcohol users also decreased cigarettes per day among those who also smoked tobacco. Second, spill-over effects were no longer found two years later.In line with previous systematic reviews [However, our expectation that such effects may also be observable in the long-term, given improved health-related outcomes following both BAIs investigated [For long-term cessation effects in at-risk alcohol drinking smoking persons, it may be crucial to target tobacco smoking at least simultaneously with at-risk alcohol use, when both substances co-occur. Feasibility and acceptability of such combined approaches among smoking and alcohol consuming individuals were found in one study [