References
Postmortem experiment. (User interface of the Xin1 software for proximal humeral plating showing the semi-automatically selected humeral head (red circle) and the resulting virtual screw trajectories (green lines). All screw lengths are shown on the left side of the graphical user interface. Left image shows screw length determination after plate prepositioning and right after final screw insertion. Graphical user interface by MeVis BrestCare GmbH.Xin1 software output for an exemplary patient. Top row: image pair before screw insertion. Calculated screw trajectories depicted in green. Segmented humeral head in red. Bottom row: image pair after screw insertion (verification images). Green trajectories coincide with inserted screws.Procedure time for the conventional method versus Xin1 for three phases during the operation and in total time.Number of X-ray images taken for conventional and Xin1 groups for three phases during the operation and in total.Precision of achieved tip–joint distance (TJD). Target distance was set to 5 mm in Xin1 (red line). In total, 48 screws were placed in 6 human specimens.Correlation between Xin1 computed screw lengths (before screw placement) and actually placed screw lengths (no system output provided to the surgeon).Intraoperative X-ray of one case with tilted screws (PHILOS A-level) as apparent by non-alignment with the calculated screw trajectories (green lines).Patient details, view angle of image pairs and plate position before (pre) and after (post) screw placement for the 6 patients undergoing retrospective image evaluation. D–V: dorsal–ventral plate position; negative sign: head center is located ventral from plate. C-C: cranial-caudal plate position; negative sign: head center is located caudal from plate. f: female, m: male; L: left, R: right.