Experimental design and treatment application
Rice seed variety super basmati was taken from Rice Research Institute (RRI) Kala Shah Kaku and wheat variety Faisalabad 2008 was obtained from Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad. Experiments at each location for both years were laid out in randomized complete block design arrangements and treatment plots (20 m × 10 m) were replicated four times. Experiments were carried out at the same locations for (rice-wheat-rice-wheat) in both successive years but treatments were applied separately to each cropping season. Thirty days old nursery of rice was shifted in puddled flooded field plots. The field remained flooded (∼10 cm depth) for one week after seedling transplantation, drained after one week, and refilled (∼10 cm depth). Treatments were T