Conclusions
Despite these limitations, this analysis provides novel and important findings related to modifiers and mediators of the effectiveness of integrated care for postpartum women living with HIV. Our findings suggest that integrated services are associated with significantly better patient-provider relationships over time. Further, women who face additional vulnerabilities due to poverty and unintended pregnancy may benefit the most from integrated care, and integrated services could potentially be targeted to settings where these characteristics are particularly prevalent. Notably, the benefits of integrated care appear to be hampered by alcohol use, suggesting that women experiencing problematic alcohol use warrant further attention in intervention development and evaluation.