Community‐level socio‐economic, behaviour, sexual behaviour and HIV incidence
PDV and HIV incidence
REGRESSION
Table Association of community‐level predictors with community‐level HIV incidence, overall and cross‐sexProportion overallMean(min, max)Proportion in femalesMean(min, max)Proportion in malesMean(min, max)35.0% (4.3, 70)0.99 (0.97, 1.00)34.0% (3.8, 72)0.99 (0.97, 1.00)35.0% (6, 66)0.99 (0.97, 1.00)10.0% (1.5, 23)1.01 (0.96, 1.06)5.8% (0.8, 15.2)1.00 (0.92, 1.08)21.0% (3.4, 41)1.02 (0.99, 1.05)1.00 (0.98, 1.02)19.4% (1.9, 41)1.00 (0.98, 1.02)71.5% (44, 90)1.01 (0.99, 1.04)74.3% (46.5, 90)1.01 (0.98, 1.03)64.5% (38, 91)1.01 (0.99, 1.03)4.6% (0.8, 12)1.08 (1.00, 1.17)2.9% (0.7, 9.9)1.04 (0.93, 1.17)9.0% (1.2, 16)1.06 (1.01, 1.12)13.9% (4.4, 38)1.03 (1.00, 1.06)12.8% (3.9, 34)1.01 (0.98, 1.05)16.8% (5.2, 49)1.02 (1.00, 1.05)42.2% (21, 67)0.99 (0.97, 1.01)45.9% (22, 72)0.99 (0.97, 1.01)33.0% (19, 51)0.99 (0.96, 1.01)20.3% (11.7, 26.5)0.96 (0.90, 1.01)0.94 (0.89, 1.00)Proportion overallMean(min, max)Adjusted β(95% CI)Proportion in femalesMean(min, max)Adjusted β(95% CI)Proportion in malesMean(min, max)Adjusted β(95% CI)9.0% (2.2, 13.9)0.84 (0.48, 1.21)10.2% (2.1, 15.6)5.9% (2.0, 12.2)6.8% (2.5, 12.0)0.96 (0.26, 1.26)7.5% (1.9, 12.4)0.71 (0.31, 1.11)5.9% (2.0, 12.2)0.75 (0.18, 1.32)Abbreviation: RR, rate ratio.Across sex describes analyses using predictors calculated from females in the community to predict HIV incidence in males, and vice versa.Arithmetic mean of community‐level estimates at PC0.Adjusted rate ratio (RR) is the estimated multiplicative change in the community‐level HIV incidence for every 1% additive increase in the community‐level predictor (socio‐economic, behaviour and sexual behaviour predictors), adjusted for age, sex and study arm.Adjusted β is the regression coefficient from a log‐log regression model of PDV and HIV incidence, adjusted for age, sex and study arm. One way to interpret this is that halving the community‐level PDV (50% relative reduction in PDV) is estimated to change the HIV incidence by a factor of 2Proportion of the entire cohort (participants with and without HIV negative) with viral load > 400 copies/ml.Report of sex partners outside the community was higher for males (16.8%, range 5.2–49) than females (12.8%, range 3.9–34); similarly, more than two partners in the last year was more prevalent in males (9%, range 1%–16%) than in females (3%, range 1%–10%). For both of these sexual risk measures, we saw an association with community HIV incidence. A relative increase of 3% (95% CI: 0%–6%, There was a moderate negative association between the proportion of nulligravida females in the community and community HIV incidence among females. For every 1% increase in the proportion of females reporting never being pregnant, relative community HIV incidence in females decreased by 5.7% (adjusted RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–1.00, 