Neurologic function assessment
neurologic impairment, visual field deficits, eye movements, Stroke, pain
STROKE
Neurologic function was evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Fugl‐Meyer assessment (FMA).NIHSS includes consciousness, language, motor function, sensory deficits, visual field deficits, eye movements, coordinated movements, neglect, and articulation, etc. The total NIHSS scores were 42. Scores of 0−1 for normal status, 2−4 for mild neurologic impairment, 5−15 for moderate neurologic impairment, 16−20 for severe neurologic impairment, and 21−42 for extremely severe neurologic impairment.FMA is an ordinal scale with 3 scores for each item. A score of 0 was given if the subject was unable to complete a task, 1 was given for partial completion, and 2 was given for complete completion. However, there were only two scores for reflex activity, 2 and 0 for the presence and absence of reflex activity, respectively. The five areas of FMA assessment are motor function (up to 66 for upper body and 34 for lower body); sensory functions (up to 24); balance ability (up to 14); joint range of motion (up to 44); joint pain (up to 44). A maximum of 226 points could be obtained for the FMA assessment; it is common practice to assess all areas separately, and the test lasts approximately 40 min. For the test, the inspector needs a tennis ball, a small ball container and a knee hammer.