Discussion
hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinism
DIABETES IN PREGNANCY, HYPERINSULINISM, ADIPOSITY, HYPERGLYCAEMIA, NEONATAL HYPOGLYCAEMIA, COMPLICATIONS
Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy is associated with altered carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism from the first trimester, which strongly predict perinatal complications. Inadequate availability of insulin, a master regulator of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, is a likely unifying cause. Maternal hyperglycaemia was associated with increased lipid abundance in maternal blood and increased carnitines in cord blood, changes which were associated with offspring adiposity independently of maternal glucose. Neonatal hypoglycaemia and offspring hyperinsulinism were both associated with first trimester changes in metabolites related to maternal lipid metabolism and dietary intake of macronutrients and phenols.