Intervention methods for the intervention group
Before routine skin disinfection, the lidocaine spray was applied twice at about 10 cm away from the puncture point, with an interval of 1–2 min, 3 spouts each time, 4.5 mg per spout, and a total amount of 27 mg. After spraying, skin disinfection was performed in 1–2 min, and then, the standard puncture was carried out according to the conventional unified and standardized procedures. The puncture method was the same as that of the control group.The two groups of patients received puncture with a 20 G non-coring needle (B. Braun Melsungen AG, Germany) in the prone position. The operating nurses were all specialized intravenous therapy nurses with more than 5 years of work experience.