Measurements of demographic and clinical parameters
Peripheral venous blood samples, TG
CREST
On their first visit, all medical information was recorded for the recruited subjects. Body weight and height were measured without shoes and with light clothing to the nearest 0.1 cm or to the nearest 0.1 kg, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. Waist circumference (WC) was measured midway between the lower rib margin and the iliac crest in the standing position with a non-expandable tape to the nearest 0.1 cm. BP was assessed using a medical electronic sphygmomanometer (OMRON HEM-7130 professional portable blood pressure monitor, OMRON, Dalian, China) on the left arm positioned at heart level in a seated position with palm face up. The subjects were required to rest for at least 3 ~ 5 min before BP measurement, and BP was measured in duplicate at a 1 ~ 2-min interval. The average of the 2 readings was calculated. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated using the formula [(2 × diastolic BP) + systolic BP]/3 [Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained in the morning after an overnight (at least 8 h) fast. Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer (Cobas c701, Roche, Mannheim, Germany). All instruments were calibrated regularly.