Outcomes
diabetes-related distress, diabetes-related emotional distress
ADVERSE EVENTS
The primary outcome was change in HbA1c after 3-month follow-up. HbA1c was assessed centrally in an accredited laboratory, adhering to international criteria, set out according to International Organisation for Standardisation standards (ISO Standard 15,189:2012). HbA1c measurement was conducted using the turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay method, with a ROCHE COBAS intergra 400 plus analyser.Secondary outcomes were, changes in clinical, psychological, and self-care variables. Specifically, the clinical outcomes were change in weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure respectively; the psychological outcomes were changes in diabetes-related distress scores[The SDSCA scale assesses the level of self-care in five domains, namely diet, exercise, glucose monitoring, foot care, and smoking. The WHO Qol Bref instrument assess the quality of life. We assessed diabetes-related distress with, the problem areas in diabetes-5 (PAID-5) scale. Increasing scores indicate increasing distress; scores of 8 or more suggest diabetes-related emotional distress [At follow-up, we assessed adverse events using a standardised questionnaire.