Background
bone defects
Substances that promote bone formation, including transforming growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein, which are abundant in the blood, are widely used in dentistry to repair bone defects [Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a first-generation platelet-derived material with wound-healing properties [Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) reported by Chouckroun et al. [Concentrated growth factor (CGF) was first prepared by Sacco in 2006 [Platelet-derived materials, including PRF and CGF, contain growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor β, and epidermal growth factor. PRF and CGF are platelet concentrates collected from a single fibrin membrane and contain blood components beneficial for immunity and healing. These substances release growth factors and cytokines that stimulate bone and soft-tissue healing. In addition, the fibrin matrix is responsible for immune regulation and angiogenesis [Although favorable outcomes are usually achieved with root canal treatment, symptoms may persist or recur in approximately 10–15% of cases [This study aimed to evaluate the effects of platelet concentrates on bone regeneration by applying them to bone defects following endodontic microsurgery. The study investigated 2 hypotheses. The first hypothesis suggested that the PRF and CGF promote early healing of bone defects after endodontic microsurgery. The second hypothesis suggested that there is no difference between PRF and CGF in promoting early healing of bone defects after endodontic microsurgery.