Cognitive functions
VF, cognitive decline, gait abnormalities, cognitive impairment
Cognitive functions showed improvements after the intervention program. TUG-cog scores were significantly higher in the AT + CT group. Previous studies support these results, wherein dual-task intervention (e.g., combined physical activity [PA] and CT) is more beneficial than PA or CT interventions alone (The participants who underwent AT + CT were required to perform VF (pronouncing specific classes of words) jointly with physical coordination tasks (agility training ladder), involving working memory and cognitive flexibility (Cognitive functions (including executive functions and memory) are essential in regulating functional mobility. Several studies have shown that gait abnormalities might precede the diagnosis of cognitive decline, and people showing slower gait during a dual task (e.g., TUG-cog) are more likely to develop cognitive impairment (Physical activity can increase some cognitive functions, especially aerobic training, which has been shown to have the most significant impact on the aging brain and cognition compared to other types of physical activity (