Introduction
drug-refractory
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF)
One of the primary treatment options for atrial fibrillation (AF) is rhythm control. Catheter ablation is the first-line treatment for drug-refractory paroxysmal AF, and pulmonary vein isolation, the cornerstone of AF ablation, eradicates approximately 90% of AF triggers in principle [Numerous studies have proposed a variety of prediction models, such as the HATCH, APPLE, or CAAP-AF score; however, the results differ greatly [The use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in medicine has been gaining popularity and is helping physicians in clinical decision-making. ML algorithms can learn the association between multiple patient variables and clinical outcomes automatically. A large number of ML algorithms are non-parametric and are not limited by variable collinearity. Moreover, ML algorithms are appropriate for processing high-dimensionality data, given reasonable optimization [