Discussion
colorectal cancer, small-cell lung cancer, melanoma
COLORECTAL CANCER, MELANOMA, MULTIPLE CANCER, MALIGNANT NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, METASTATIC DISEASE, HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA, METASTATIC DISEASE
Metastatic disease involving the liver is common in advanced solid malignant neoplasms. The proportion of patients with LM is particularly high in advanced colorectal cancer, with approximately 70% having liver involvement either alone or in combination with other sites of metastatic disease.The presence of LM is associated with unfavorable outcomes in multiple cancers.In addition to ICIs, the presence of LM may confer resistance to other immune-modulating agents. El-Khoueiry et alPatients with LM have been reported to respond poorly to ICIs in other solid malignant neoplasms such as melanoma and non–small-cell lung cancer,Although pTMB was significantly higher in patients with LM, there were no significant differences in alterations of genes commonly found in advanced colorectal cancer other than Recently, ICIs have shown significant efficacy and changed the treatment landscapes in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.Previous reports of the lack of efficacy of ICIs in patients with LM and advanced colorectal cancer are from single-arm phases 1 and 2 studies