Lipids identification and kinetic
TG
Two-way ANOVA (corrected p-value cut-off: 0.05) was applied to the data matrix in order to filter significant entities affected by diet groups and sampling point factors. The 146 entities were significant in both the VLCHF and VLCHF + HIIT groups (Fig. Profile plot of significantly changed lipids. Colored by changes respect to diet group at TThe identified lipids were classified in 10 different families including plasmalogens (plasmanyl and plasmenyl), fatty acyl esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA), phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylinositols (PI), Lysophsphatidylcholines (LPC), Lysophosphatidyletanolamines (LPE), dimethylphosphatidylethanolamines (DMPE), triglycerides (TG), fatty acids (FA), acetyl-L-carnitines (AcCar), cholesterol esters (CE) sphingomyelins (SM), ceramides (CER) and sulfated glycosphingolipids (sulfatide). The differences in trends of each lipid class could be clearly evaluated along the intervention groups as the members of the class almost uniformly followed the same pattern. Only in a minority of cases, different trends were observed for individual lipids compared to the other members of the class. One such example was Plasmenyl PS(P-20:1/20:4), which was downregulated in both dietary intervention groups but the rest of the lipid class family exhibited upregulation. The AcCars, plasmalogens, FAHFAs, SMs, CER, CE, FAs and sulfatide were mostly identified as increased markers in plasma after both the dietary and the training intervention. TGs and glycerophospholipids (PC, PE, PI and DMPEs) were mostly decreased lipids in serum after the VLCHF and VLCHF + HIIT interventions. In addition, AcCar, SMs, CER, CE, FAs and sulfatide were exclusively identified as families increased in the VLCHF and VLCHF + HIIT groups. PE, PI, LPE, LPC and DMPEs were exclusively identified as family decreased during the diet intervention.Seventy-eight entities out of 146 were significantly unique for the VLCHF and VLCHF + HIIT groups (Fig. Thirty-nine lipids increased in the VLCHF and VLCHF + HIIT groups Serum lipids identified as significantly UP regulated biomarkers in the VLCHF and VLCHF + HIIT groups*Family exclusively identified in the group of lipids that increaseSerum lipids identified as significantly DOWN regulated biomarkers in the VLCHF and VLCHF + HIIT groups*PE, LPC and DMPE were exclusively identified in the group of lipids that decrease