Parametric survival analysis
malaria
MALARIA
An exponential survival distribution best predicted malaria for the no chemoprevention and SP regimens (Figure Kaplan‐Meier visual predictive check of the parametric survival model for the first four malaria episodes. The observed data is denoted by the black and the 95% confidence interval of the simulated data is the blue shaded area. Each row of graphs describes survival for a consecutive malaria episode (labels on right side). Each column corresponds to a chemoprevention regimen. DP, dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine; SP, sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine; TS, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole.Parameter estimates for parametric survival models predicting malariaAbbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DP, dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine; PQ, piperaquine; RSE, relative standard error; SP, sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine; TS, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole.The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained.HIV‐exposed indicates children who are HIV‐uninfected but were born to HIV‐infected mothers.Covariate relationship is as follows: Covariate relationship is given below (if PQ >10.3, PQ concentration > 10.3 equals 1, otherwise PQ concentration > 10.3 is 0): Compared to no chemoprevention, there was no difference in hazard of malaria in the SP arm, and these study arms were combined in the analysis. For the TS arm, although there was a 77% reduction in the hazard (HR [95% CI] 0.23 [0.18–0.31]) of malaria within a month of starting chemoprevention or developing an episode of malaria, compared to no chemoprevention or SP, this benefit decreased with time and the hazard of malaria for children who received TS was similar to those who received no chemoprevention or SP after 3.5 months of drug. Compared to no chemoprevention or SP, children who received DP had a lower risk of malaria throughout chemoprevention, but the benefit decreased over time, with a 35% lower hazard of malaria after 18 months of chemoprevention (HR [95% CI] 0.65 [0.41–0.97]; Figure 