3.2. Primary outcome
HEART
Overall, the intraoperative HR tended to remain higher in the DEX-NCD group than in the DEX group. In particular, the HR was significantly higher at 14 minutes in the DEX-NCD group (Fig. Heart rate and mean blood pressure trends at different time points after dexmedetomidine administration. The gray zone is the period of nicardipine infusion in the DEX-NCD group. (A) Heart rate. (B) Mean blood pressure. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations. *Significant differences between the 2 groups at each time point. DEX = dexmedetomidine, DEX-NCD = dexmedetomidine-nicardipine, PACU = postanesthesia care unit.