Outcomes
depression, Depression, depressive symptoms
To identify participants with depressive symptoms, we employed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CES-D-10), a widely used self-reported measure of depression symptoms. The CES-D-10 comprises ten items (8 positively worded and two negatively worded) and has exhibited strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.86) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.85) among the general population.