Measurements
obesity, FM
OBESITY, BLOOD, SECONDARY, CREST
Anthropometric measures were obtained at baseline and the end of the trial. The body weight was measured without shoes and in minimal clothing by a Seca scale (Seca, Hamburg, Germany) nearest to 0.1 kg. Height was also recorded without shoes by wall-mounted tape nearest to 0.5 cm. BMI was calculated as the weight in kg divided by the square of height in meters. Waist circumference (WC) was measured using a tape at the midpoint between the lowest rib and the superior border of the iliac crest and was approximately recorded at 0.5 cm. Body composition (fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM)) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis method using Tanita body composition analyzer. Dietary intake data were collected using a three-day food record (1 weekend day and 2 weekdays) at baseline and the end of the study. Then, the participants’ diets were assessed using Nutritionist IV software (First Databank Inc, Hearst Corp, San Bruno, CA), and dietary energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, and vitamin D intakes were obtained. Moreover, a short and valid form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied to evaluate the physical activity level of each participant at baseline and the end of the trial (Blood samples (5 ml) were obtained from each participant’s antecubital vein after 12 hours of overnight fasting at baseline and the end of the trial. After centrifugation of the blood, serum samples were frozen at -70The primary outcome includes metabolic parameters (serum level of vitamin D, thyroid hormones, lipids profile, and irisin) and the secondary outcomes were the measurements of obesity indices and body composition.