Data collection
TB, nasopharyngeal aspirate, pulmonary TB
MALNUTRITION
In the INPUT study, an electronic data capture system developed by CliniOps (Fremont, CA, USA) was used to standardize data collection across the study sites and to compile the data into one unified dataset. Research nurses entered data directly into a tablet via an electronic case report form. Data were synced regularly through a secured server, with real-time access of the consolidated data across all sites.From the main INPUT study database, we extracted baseline socio-demographic data such as country, service entry point, age, sex, and education level of the caregiver. We also extracted clinical information: HIV maternal and child status, moderate or severe acute malnutrition, TB contact in the household, signs and symptoms of TB and their date of onset, type of TB investigations performed (specimen collected, assay used, radiologic testing performed and result), TB classification (pulmonary TB [PTB] or extrapulmonary TB [EPTB]), and type of TB diagnosis (bacteriologic or clinical). Children with bacteriologically confirmed TB were those from whom a biological specimen (i.e. sputum (expectorated or induced), gastric aspirate, nasopharyngeal aspirate, lymph node aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid, urine) was positive by smear microscopy, culture or WHO approved rapid diagnostics such as Xpert or LF-LAM. Children with clinically diagnosed TB were those who, based on symptoms, history, and sometimes radiologic abnormalities, had been diagnosed with active TB by a medical practitioner and received a full course of TB treatment.