Differences in changes to immune cell trafficking reflected by the numbers of immune cells in the blood circulation within 3 hours after consumption of APR extract versus placebo.
p<0.10
The results are shown as the group averages ± standard error of the mean of the individual percent changes from baseline after consuming APR extract where changes after consuming placebo are subtracted. A. Monocyte numbers: A mild and transient reduction was seen at 1 hour and returned to similar levels as after consuming placebo at 3 hours. The reduction at 1 hour was statistically significant. B. NK cell numbers: A robust change was seen after 2–3 hours, where the relative reduction in NK cells in the blood circulation associated with APR consumption was strongest at 3 hours after consumption. C. NKT cell numbers: A relative reduction after consuming the APR extract compared to placebo reached a high level of statistical significance at 3 hours. D. Numbers of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells: A mild reduction in the blood circulation reached high levels of significance at 2 and 3 hours. Levels of statistical significance are shown on the graphs where changes from baseline to a later time point is indicated by asterisks, where p<0.10: (*), p<0.05: * and p<0.01: **.