Sample size
Pain, Wong-Baker
The sample size calculation formula of the quantitative experiment with superior efficacy was used, α = 0.05, degree of certainty (1-β) = 0.8, and Wong-Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale(WB) scores were used as the primary outcome. According to the score of the WB of the EMLA group, distraction group, and combined group in the pre-test, the maximum difference was 1.5, the standard deviation was 3, and the sample size was calculated as 100 people in each group, with a total of 300 samples required, with the 15% drop-out rate.