3.4. Urinary Biomarkers of RBJ Intake
In order to identify the urinary biomarkers of RBJ intake, we identified and quantified molecules whose resonances were observed in Comparing the urinary spectra of subjects at rest, it was indeed possible to observe both quantitative and qualitative differences in these molecules observable only after the RBJ intake, as reported in In order to investigate if the physical activity could have an effect on the urinary excretion of the identified RBJ biomarkers, a univariate statistical analysis on the quantitative data by comparing metabolite levels from T0 to T4 at rest and with exercise, with the RBJ intake being equal (sessions A and B), was carried out. The same RBJ biomarkers of For session B, an increase in 4MP2CA excretion was detected at T2, with a subsequent increase at T3, though not statistically significant, and a significant decrease at T4, tending to return at T0–T1 levels (In order to investigate if statistically significant differences in RBJ biomarker urinary excretions could be observed related to physical activity, we applied a paired Student’s t-test on each sampling time for sessions A and B.As reported in In order to evaluate urinary metabolic changes linked to the RBJ intake and physical activity, a PCA analysis including all the subjects was performed (