METHODS
The PopART trial was conducted between 2013 and 2018 using a three‐arm triplet‐matched randomized design. The primary goal was to compare HIV incidence among the three study arms: Arm A, universal testing with universal ART; Arm B, universal testing with ART provided according to local guidelines (universal ART beginning in 2016); and Arm C, standard of care. Details of the PopART intervention have been described previously [To measure the impact of the intervention, the trial enrolled research participants in a population cohort consisting of one randomly selected adult 18–44 years of age recruited from a random sample of ∼ 2000 households in each community [Each enrolled participant had a baseline visit (labelled PC0) and three annual follow‐up visits (labelled PC12, PC24 and PC36). Annual study visits included, but were not limited to, an offer of rapid HIV testing; a collection of plasma for laboratory‐based HIV and viral load testing; and administration of a standardized questionnaire assessing demographic, behavioural and socio‐economic variables.