Conclusion
EOS, pain
Results demonstrate that sensorimotor synchronization to music significantly impacts pain perception and can amplify the well-established pain-reducing effect of merely listening to music. Our results shed new light on the mechanisms underlying pain reduction with music, suggesting that such effects are driven by social bonding, attention, emotion, and preference. Our findings support the recent hypothesis that social bonding emerges with music due to the activation of the endogenous opioid system (EOS) with sensorimotor synchronization [