Participants
supratentorial tumors
We enrolled patients between 18 and 60 years of age who had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I to III and were scheduled to undergo craniotomy for supratentorial tumors with general anesthesia. Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with preoperative brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) with midline shifts over 5 mm [