Introduction
Taekwondo is an Olympic combat sport characterized by intermittent high-intensity actions [As an external stimulus, music has been investigated as a potential aid which regulates emotion and improves performance in a wide range of exercise modes and intensities [Although there is a large body of evidence on the benefits of music listening in sport, these findings are not applicable in several sports (e.g., combat sports), since athletes from these modalities are not permitted to listen to music during competitions [One of the ways in which pre-task music has an effect on performance is through increased psychomotor activation [It has been suggested that the interactive effects between tempo and loud could determine athletes’ response to music [Additionally, sex has been reported as an important factor which can modulate athletes’ responses toward music [