Abstract
AIDS-related deaths, cryptococcal meningitis, cryptococcosis, human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS-related, HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, DISEASE, CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, ADVERSE EFFECTS, CRYPTOCOCCOSIS

The AmBisome Therapy Induction Optimization (AMBITION-cm) trial, conducted in eastern and southern Africa, showed that a single, high dose (10 mg/kg) of liposomal amphotericin B, given with an oral backbone of fluconazole and flucytosine, was noninferior to the World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended regimen of 7 days of amphotericin B deoxycholate plus flucytosine for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated cryptococcal meningitis and has been incorporated into WHO treatment guidelines. We believe that the trial also has important implications for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in high-income settings. We advance the arguments, supported by evidence where available, that the AMBITION-cm trial regimen is likely to be as fungicidal as the currently recommended 14-day liposomal amphotericin–based treatments, better tolerated with fewer adverse effects, and confer significant economic and practical benefits and, therefore, should be included as a treatment option in guidance for HIV-associated cryptococcal treatment in high-income settings.The AMBITION-cm trial showed that a single, high dose of liposomal amphotericin B, given with oral fluconazole and flucytosine, is an effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus–associated cryptococcal meningitis. We argue that this is an appropriate treatment option for high-income settings.Human immunodeficiency virus–associated cryptococcal meningitis remains a significant driver of AIDS-related mortality, causing about 15% of all AIDS-related deaths. The greatest burden of disease is found in sub-Saharan Africa [Although the disease burden has lessened in high-income countries, HIV-related cryptococcosis still occurs and mortality is still substantial [