Study design and participants
esophageal cancer, psychiatric, coagulation dysfunction
DISORDER, OESOPHAGEAL CANCER
A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China, between March 2020 and June 2022. The study protocol was approved by the hospital ethics committee. All study participants provided a signed informed consent.The participant inclusion criteria were, as follows: (1) patients between 44 and 76 years old; (2) esophageal cancer patients who were scheduled for thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy; (3) patients with normal preoperative cardiopulmonary, hepatic and renal function evaluations. The exclusion criteria were, as follows: (1) patients with a previous history of psychiatric disorder, (2) patients with coagulation dysfunction, and (3) patients with previous thoracic surgical operations.