Pain intensity
low back pain, NRS, pain
The researchers measured pain intensity using a numerical rating scale (0–10), where 0 signified no pain, and 10 represented the worst unbearable pain. The patients rated their current level of pain intensity using this scale. The numeric rating scale version used to measure pain intensity has not been cross-culturally adapted for the Persian-speaking population with low back pain. Although the NRS is a widely accepted and validated tool for evaluating self-reported pain intensity in various populations [