Study design
The study was designed as a cross-over study. Within sex and age groups, half (A flow chart of the study design is illustrated in 
Flow chart of the study design, measurement of dietary intake, pedometry, energy expenditure, anthropometry, blood samples and blood pressure.Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist circumference and body composition were taken at all three CV. At CV1, all participants had their height measured, provided a background urine sample, drank a dose of DLW and were instructed in urine sample collection at home. Furthermore, social background characteristics such as education, household composition, smoking and leisure time spent on MVPA during the last week were ascertained by a short interview, and participants were instructed in how to wear the pedometers and fill in the web-based step diary.A personal 24 h DR was conducted at CV1 or CV2 by trained interviewers and detailed instruction on recording of dietary intake in the 7 d FD was provided individually to all participants at CV1 or CV2 depending on the starting method. The blood sampling, blood pressure and an evaluation questionnaire were completed at CV3. The 3 × 24 h DR were completed at randomly selected weekdays, covering all 7 week days at a group level and at least 1 week apart as recommended by EFSA