Participants
atrioventricular block, bradycardia, sleep disorder, allergy, arrythmia, renal dysfunction
ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK, ALLERGY, SINUS SICK SYNDROME
This randomized trial was approved by Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Peking University First Hospital (No. 2020-350, Chairperson Prof. Yanyan Yu on December 15, 2020) and registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Elderly patients, aged 65 years old or above, who were scheduled for elective total joint arthroplasty under neuraxial anesthesia were enrolled. Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: (1) allergy to remimazolam or dexmedetomidine; (2) sleep disorder requiring medical interventions (i.e., hypnotics) within recent 1 month; (3) Severe arrythmia including sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia (heart rate < 50 beats per minute), or atrioventricular block of second degree or above without pacemaker; (4) severe renal dysfunction (requiring renal replacement therapy); (5) Child–Pugh class C; and (6) American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) ≥ IV.