Results
nausea, pain, cough, complaints of shoulder pain, postoperative vomiting
SECONDARY
This study included 171 patients scheduled for LC. Eleven patients who did not meet the study criteria and refused to participate in this study were excluded from randomization. A total of 21 patients were excluded from the study for various reasons after randomization. Thus, 34 patients were included in the SA group and 35 patients in other groups. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials diagram for this study is shown in - The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials flow diagram. SA: standard analgesia, LA: local anesthesia, BLTAP: bilateral laparoscopic-assisted transversus abdominis plane, ULTAP: unilateral laparoscopic-assisted transversus abdominis plane- Demographic intraoperative and postoperative secondary outcome results of the study.Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%) or mean ± standard deviation (SD). There were no significant differences among groups (p>0.05).Chi-squared test,analysis of variance,Fisher-Freeman-Halton test,ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists,SA: standard analgesia,LA: local anesthetic,ULTAP: unilateral laparoscopic-assisted transversus abdominis plane,BLTAP: bilateral 4-quadrant laparoscopic-assisted transversus abdominis planeThe analysis of the one-hour pain scale scores at rest revealed a statistical difference among the groups (The 1-hour pain scores measured during cough were also significantly different among the groups (- Postoperative visual analog scale scores at rest.Values are presented as medians (interquartile ranges) and arithmetic mean±standard deviation (SD). The 1-hour VAS score was lower in the BLTAP group than in the SA (
Kruskal-Wallis test.VAS: visual analog scale,SA: standard analgesia,LA: local anesthesia,BLTAP: bilateral laparoscopic-assisted transversus abdominis plane block,ULTAP: unilateral laparoscopic-assisted transversus abdominis plane block- Postoperative visual analog scale scores during cough.Values are presented as medians (interquartile ranges) and arithmetic mean±standard deviation (SD). The one-hour VAS score in the BLTAP group was lower than that in the SA group (
Kruskal-Wallis test.VAS: visual analog scale,SA: standard analgesia,LA: local anesthesia,BLTAP: bilateral laparoscopic-assisted transversus abdominis plane block,ULTAP: unilateral laparoscopic-assisted transversus abdominis plane blockIn the routine practice of our center, IV 50 mg tramadol (Contramal, Grunenthal, Germany) was used as a rescue analgesic. Among all groups, only one dose was sufficient in the patient groups that required rescue analgesic use, and none of the patients required a second dose. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of rescue analgesic use.None of the groups developed postoperative vomiting, and there were no significant differences among groups in terms of the presence of nausea, patient satisfaction scores, complaints of shoulder pain, and discharge duration exceeding 24 hours. The secondary outcomes are shown in 