Introduction
alveolar cleft repair, teeth eruption, fracture, alveolar cleft, fistula, Alveolar cleft
HYDROXYAPATITE
Alveolar cleft reconstruction is needed to conserve the continuity of the arch, provide the maximum amount of bone support for the nose and permanent teeth eruption, and repair the residual oro-antral fistula [Due to its osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties, the autogenous iliac bone graft is considered the “gold standard” for alveolar cleft repair [Various graft materials, such as allograft, xenograft, and synthetic bone grafts, have been utilized as an alternative to autogenous bone grafts. Allografts are expensive and associated with risks of bacterial contamination, viral transmission, and immunogenicity. Conversely, the main drawbacks of synthetic bone grafts are slow resorption and brittleness. A combination of hydroxyapatite and b-tricalcium phosphate, along with an autogenous bone graft, has been used to address these drawbacks. This combination can improve osteoconduction for bone formation and graft stability, leading to successful integration into a bone fusion mass [Bone marrow derivatives were considered alternative treatments of choice for alveolar cleft repair. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) is a concentration of bone marrow aspirate that contains a large number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells, and growth factors as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) [Several studies used bone marrow concentrate in bone augmentation and fracture healing. According to Naujokat et al. [No study has investigated the effect of the BMCS on autologous bone in the reconstruction of the alveolar cleft, despite its role in bone healing. Consequently, the present study targeted to assess the significance of BMAC mixed with iliac bone graft on the property and quantity of formed bone in unilateral alveolar cleft repair.