1. Introduction
TG, impaired fasting glucose
REGRESSION, DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)
This randomized controlled trial is aimed at assessing the efficacy of combining time-restricted eating (TRE) with behavioral economic (BE) interventions and comparing it to TRE alone and to the usual care for reducing fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and other cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Seventy-two IFG patients aged 18–65 years were randomly allocated for TRE with BE interventions (26 patients), TRE alone (24 patients), or usual care (22 patients). Mean FPG, HbA1c, and other cardiometabolic risk factors among the three groups were compared using a mixed-effect linear regression analysis. Mean body weight, FPG, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and lipid profiles did not significantly differ among the three groups. When considering only patients who were able to comply with the TRE protocol, the TRE group showed significantly lower mean FPG, HbA1c, and fasting insulin levels compared to the usual care group. Our results did not show significant differences in body weight, blood sugar, fasting insulin, or lipid profiles between TRE plus BE interventions, TRE alone, and usual care groups. However, TRE might be an effective intervention in lowering blood sugar levels for IFG patients who were able to adhere to the TRE protocol.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem in Thailand with a reported prevalence of 9.9% in 2014 [TRE is one type of dietary approach that limits the daily eating window, commonly to less than 10 h per day, prolonging the fasting time [Despite widespread adoption and given the lack of restrictions on food groups, specific macronutrients, or constant calorie monitoring [Nevertheless, no studies have assessed the efficacy of combined TRE with BE interventions in patients with IFG. Therefore, this RCT was conducted to compare the efficacy of additional BE combined with TRE against TRE alone and the usual care in patients with IFG. Levels of FPG, HbA1c, and other cardiometabolic risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting insulin, serum triglyceride levels (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were compared among the TRE plus BE intervention, TRE alone, and usual care groups.