CONCLUSION
PRETERM BIRTH
Considering the above, we conclude that universal screening of short cervix for prevention of preterm birth with TVUS in the second trimester of pregnancy, associated with prophylaxis with vaginal progesterone for pregnant women identified with a cervix ≤ 25 mm, presents lower costs in relation to non-screening within a short-term time horizon, which suggests an interesting benefit-cost ratio in the implementation of universal screening of short cervix for prevention of preterm birth in Brazil. New studies that also consider the cost-effectiveness of prophylactic treatment using sensitivity analyses in different scenarios within the Brazilian health care system are necessary to robustly justify the screening of preterm birth.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1107597). Ministry of Health. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq – Process 401615/20138). Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes – call 41/2017 for the program 33003017062P1 – financing code 88887.574893/2020-00).