Discussion
INFLAMMATION, MINOR
The aim of this study was to investigate genetic associations with cardiorespiratory fitness following an endurance-based program within a previously untrained population. Participants within the EG significantly increased Copper 12-minute running distance by an average of 11.5% whereas the control group displayed no significant changes. Eighteen SNPs were positively associated with an above average increase in running distance and the number of these ‘favorable’ SNPs participants possessed displayed a significant linear correlation with the relative change in Cooper scores post-training (r = 0.92, ROf these 18 SNPs, nine were found in regions of the genome that do not code for proteins (At this point we note that one of the criticisms that can be levelled against this study is that it used a relatively small number of participants and many statistical analyses, hence the probability of identifying false positives (type I statistical error) is high. Under such circumstances the Bonferroni correction [Within the 18 SNPs identified, three genes (KF three-times; FABP3, and NOTCH1, twice) are disproportionately represented. It is highly unlikely that a set of randomly selected false positives would repeatedly identify the same gene. The probability of identifying the KL gene three times, independently, at random, is 1.25 x 10Examination of the chromosomal positions of the KL gene (If the SNPs identified had a significant relationship, purely by chance, with improved Cooper test scores, it is highly unlikely that their effects would be additive, as shown in Finally, the analysis identified ACTN3, a well-known fitness associated gene that was also highlighted within the recent meta-analysis [An interesting common factor noted in this study was the association of the minor alleles of the SNPS rs41293864, rs11800795, rs7997728, rs9527021, rs12926089 and rs3088440, which tend to promote inflammation, with increased exercise performance (