Study Design
MAY
The trial protocol was previously published,Sixty-nine third-level referral NICUs in China participated. Between December 2017 and May 2021, using a software-generated random number sequence posted on a dedicated website, neonates were quickly randomized to receive NCPAP, NIPPV, or NHFOV, when extubation was imminent (within 1 hour). Randomization was not performed earlier to avoid any bias due to knowledge of the assigned intervention. Patients were allocated to a study group immediately after extubation and until NICU discharge (ie, no crossover was allowed; in the case of reintubation, when the neonate was re-extubated, the same treatment was provided). Devices and interfaces used to provide the respiratory support have been described elsewhere.