Statistical analysis
pain
IBM-SPSS version 19 (Statistical Package for Social Studies) produced by IBM, Illinois, Chicago, USA was used to arrange, tabulate, and statistically analyze the gathered data. Range, mean, and standard deviations for numerical values were computed. Analysis of variance(ANOVA) test and Tukey’s post-hoc analysis were used to compare the instrumentation time among the three groups. To evaluate the obturation quality, the Monte-Carlo-exact test was used. The pain severity readings were dichotomized into binary categories (‘pain’ or ‘no pain’ scores); ‘slight, moderate, or severe pain’ had been all categorized as ‘pain’ [