Study population
RS
Participants were from the population-based cohort, the Rotterdam Study (RS), which invited all inhabitants of the Ommoord suburb of Rotterdam to participate [SAF was introduced to the Rotterdam Study in the middle of follow-up visits (RS-I-6th, RS-II-4th, and RS-III-2nd visits) to the RS research center from 2012 to 2016 and was measured in 3009 participants. No apparent selection bias seemed present. After excluding 8 participants with SAF outside mean ± 4SD, 3001 participants were eligible for analyses and those with available data on outcomes were included for each analysis. Population inclusion and exclusion details are shown in Additional file 