2.2. Measurement and Evaluation of Data
Osteoarthritis, Knee Injury, blood loss, metabolic complications, pain, infection, TKA
BLOOD LOSS, INFECTION, OSTEOARTHRITIS, COMPLICATIONS
The following demographic and clinical data were noted for all the patients: age, gender, BMI, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), preoperative and postoperative joint ROM, visual analog scale (VAS) score, blood loss during and after surgery, postoperative analgesic consumption, and vascular, neurologic, and metabolic complications which can impair the extremity or the patient itself. KOOS is a self-administered, self-explanatory 42-item questionnaire that covers five patient-relevant dimensions: pain, other disease-specific symptoms, average daily function, sport and recreation function, and knee-related quality of life. KOOS scores (from 0–100) were calculated for all the patients preoperatively and at the end of the 8th postoperative week. A score of 0 indicated serious knee problems, and a score of 100 indicated no knee problems [The knee ROM was measured with the help of a universal goniometer. VAS is a 10 cm line used to measure the pain felt by a patient on a scale of 0–100 [The hemoglobin and hematocrit values were recorded preoperatively and on the first two days after surgery. The total blood loss was calculated using the Nadler approach [The analgesic doses and time intervals for each drug were also recorded. An oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (etodolac 70 mg/day) was routinely prescribed for pain control. If it was insufficient, an intramuscular injection of tramadol HCl (100 mg/day) was used. Intramuscular injection of pethidine HCl (100 mg/day) was prescribed to some patients whose pain did not improve with tramadol HCl.Although TKA is commonly performed, it is a major surgical procedure and is prone to complications such as infection, loosening, and the need for reoperation [