Inclusion criteria
chronic diseases, acute illness, thyroid diseases, alcohol abuse, diabetes
PANCREAS INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC DISEASES, THYROID DISEASES, METABOLIC SYNDROME, DIABETES
Test persons had to be male and at least 18 years old.Exclusion criteria were alcohol abuse, acute illness, chronic diseases (like diabetes, metabolic syndrome, thyroid diseases, pancreas insufficiency), intake of choline containing nutritional supplements or missing consent.