Introduction
In surgical education, technical competency is one of the key factors of efficacy in the curriculum, and it is an independent factor that is directly associated with postoperative patient outcomes.Simulation is an important component of competency-based medical education.In our previous work,To assess the pedagogical value of AI-selected competencies, we explored their extended associations with other performance criteria and investigated how this changed students’ competency compared with the level of skilled surgeons. To do so, we used a cohort study design by following up medical student’s exposure in the VOA group and comparing their performance outcomes with a control cohort and a skilled cohort. We hypothesized that medical students exposed to the VOA will demonstrate significant changes on several performance criteria related to the AI-selected competencies, and that the observed extended effects are partially responsible for achieving expert performance benchmarks.