Histological analysis
thrombosis, thrombus, thrombi, fibrosis
THROMBOSIS, CLOTS, PROLIFERATION, INFILTRATE, FIBROSIS, THROMBUS, NEOVASCULARIZATION, THROMBI, GIANT
Histological analysis of the vein samples showed that all examined anastomosis sites performed robotically and manually presented one or more of the following histological findings with different degrees of severity: endothelial loss, intima proliferation, presence of fibrin clots attached to the endothelium, intraluminal thrombosis, inflammatory reaction of the tunica intima, media and/or adventitia. This inflammatory reaction frequently appeared together with neovascularization and fibrosis. The host tissue reaction at the suture sites mostly consisted of a combination of inflammatory cell types, with presence of giant cells mostly associated with sutures.In the arterial samples, one or more of the following histological findings were detected with different degrees of severity: endothelial loss, proliferation of the tunica intima associated with smooth muscle proliferation or proteoglycans/collagen, multifocal dystrophic calcification of the arterial wall, presence of fibrin clots attached to the endothelium and/or intraluminal thrombus varying in size. These fibrin clots and thrombi partially or completely blocked the artery varying from acute to chronic chronicity. The inflammatory reaction of the vascular wall was detected either at the tunica intima or within the adventitia, while the host tissue reaction at the suture sites mostly consisted of a mix of inflammatory cells, with the presence of giant cells mostly associated with the suture stitches. Also, fibroblastic proliferation and fibrosis were commonly observed at the anastomosis sites with neovascularization. Figure Representative histological samples of non-patent and patent vessels after microsurgical anastomosis on femoral arteries and veins. The asterisks indicate the thrombosis, the triangles the sutures and the arrows the inflammatory infiltrate. (Histological results of veins and arteries samples for manual and robotic procedures.PCA results (Fig. 