1. Introduction
CVDs, death, premature atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty deposits
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CVD, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, PREMATURE ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, DYSLIPIDEMIA
Probiotics have the potential as a multi-target approach to modulate hypercholesterolemia associated with premature atherosclerosis. Various strains of Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor leading to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a major cause of death worldwide. High levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride result in a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries leading to atherosclerosis [Accumulating evidence shows that the elevated levels of LDL-C predominantly induce oxidative modification of LDL-C in arterial walls through enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxidation of lipid molecules, leading to aggravation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the vascular endothelium cell resulting in the emergence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) [Substantial evidence from clinical and experimental studies has demonstrated that alterations in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism [In recent years, several food supplements have emerged as potentially effective for dyslipidemia, lowered LDL-C levels, and CVD prevention, such as garlic [Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 