Introduction
tumor, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, Biliary tract cancer, aggressive adenocarcinomas, Above phenomenon inspired the current study, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA, GALLBLADDER CANCER, TUMOR, MALIGNANCIES, INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a heterogeneous spectrum of high aggressive adenocarcinomas including gallbladder cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC).Since ICC is quite different from other BTC in molecular phenotype, immune microenvironment and prognosis, it is of great significance to explore new treatments of pure ICC.Recent evidence suggests that tumor eradication and improved survival can be promoted by anti-PD-1 antibodies, and blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathways reinvigorates antitumor immunity. Monotherapy and combination therapy with anti-PD-(L)1 have achieved an improved tumor response rate and extended survival times for a spectrum of advanced malignancies,Above phenomenon inspired the current study, a single-center, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 investigation to investigate the efficacy and safety of the anti-PD-1 antibody toripalimab in combination with lenvatinib and GEMOX chemotherapy for advanced ICC. Toripalimab is a humanized anti-PD-1 IgG4 monoclonal antibody approved for clinical trials by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and China’s National Medical Products Administration (NMPA).