INTRODUCTION
sore throat, mandibular dislocation, tachycardia, hoarseness, esophageal and bronchial intubation, Postoperative sore throat, laryngospasm, postoperative sore throat, postoperative laryngospasm, Postoperative hoarseness, trauma
SORE THROAT, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, LARYNGOSPASM, INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE, LARYNGOSPASM, HYPERTENSION, COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS
During general anesthesia, inserting a relatively stiff endotracheal tube using a metallic laryngoscope through the soft tissues of the pharynx and larynx, along with applying a pressured cuff, can result in varying degrees of tissue trauma and adverse outcomes. Anesthesiologists commonly encounter post-operative issues such as hoarseness, sore throat, and laryngospasm. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of topical applications of dexamethasone emollient, lidocaine gel, and glycerin emollient in reducing these complications. One hundred patients were randomly assigned to four groups of 25 patients each: the control group (Group C), lidocaine gel group (Group L), glycerin emollient group (Group G), and dexamethasone emollient group (Group D). The assigned medication was topically applied to the endotracheal tube, and patients were monitored for postoperative laryngospasm, hoarseness, and sore throat within the first 24 hours. No statistically significant differences were found among the four groups in terms of demographic characteristics, postoperative sore throat, hoarseness, or laryngospasm (p>0.05). Lidocaine gel was an effective drug that can be used to attenuate the incidence rate of post-operative sore throat.Over the past decades, anesthesia has witnessed significant advancements, largely attributed to the ability to share clinical experiences, leading to enhanced safety and quality of practice [Complications associated with endotracheal intubation include displacement, esophageal and bronchial intubation, trauma (lip, tongue, mucosal, dental, and mandibular dislocation), sore throat, and hemodynamic reflexes such as hypertension, tachycardia, and elevated intracranial and intraocular pressure [Postoperative hoarseness refers to a harsh, breathy, lower-pitched, or softer voice, and its occurrence ranges from 20-59% [Postoperative sore throat is reported in 21-52% of females and 32-38% of males [Laryngospasm refers to the persistent closure of the vocal cords, leading to partial or complete loss of the patient's airway [Various studies have investigated the use of dexamethasone, lidocaine, and glycerin in reducing postoperative complications through different routes and mechanisms. Dexamethasone, with its antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, has been studied for its topical application through gargling and soaking, as well as its intravenous administration, which has shown a significant role in reducing complications associated with endotracheal intubation [The aim of this study was to compare the incidence rates of postoperative hoarseness of voice, sore throat, and laryngospasm in patients undergoing appendectomy under general anesthesia after topical application of lidocaine gel, glycerin, or dexamethasone emollient on the endotracheal tube.