Conclusions
hypothermia
DISEASE
In this nested cohort study within the HELIX trial, whole-body hypothermia was not associated with reductions in brain injury as measured by quantitative MR biomarkers, irrespective of place of birth, among neonates in South Asian NICUs. Quantitative MR spectroscopic biomarkers can be used as surrogate outcome measures for future clinical trials and for further comparison between populations in HICs and LMICs. Policy makers should be aware that continued use of whole-body hypothermia may harm the population with the highest disease burden and worsen inequalities in LMICs.