Acute trial
Participants arrived at the facility 8 a.m. in the morning by car or public transportation to avoid physical activity in an overnight fasted state from 9 p.m. the day before. They were instructed to abstain from strenuous physical activity 3 days prior to the trial. The participants were placed in a bed in a supine position and two venous catheters were inserted in an antecubital vein in each arm and a background blood sample was taken. Hereafter, at − 270 min (see Fig. Acute trial study protocol conducted at before and after the 12-month of intervention period