3.1. Remaining Smear Layer Area
SMEAR LAYER
The median of the remaining smear layer score for all groups was 1 (<25% of the total area). However, the best smear layer removal was observed in the ultrasonic (control) group, followed by group 3, group 2, group 1 and group 4, respectively (The remaining smear layer at the apical part of the root canals was statistically significant between the control group and the laser groups 1 (