Results
obesity, multi-vessel diseases, ischemia, non-diabetes, diabetic hyperglycemic, hyperglycemia, CIN, diabetic, diabetic normoglycemic, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes
OBESITY, ISCHEMIA, DISEASE, CIN, HYPERGLYCEMIA, DIABETES, ACUTE HYPERGLYCEMIA, REGRESSION, HEART FAILURE, HYPERTENSION, COMPLICATIONS, CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY
Of the 4470 patients, 78.8% were males, and the mean age was 55.52 ± 11 years. In total, 39.4% (1759) were found to have acute hyperglycemia; of these, 59% (1037) were already diagnosed with DM, making a total of 65.4% of diabetic patients with impaired plasma glucose levels.Acute hyperglycemia was found to be associated with female gender (25.1% vs. 18.9%; p < 0.001), prolonged ischaemic time (380 [IQR: 260–520] vs. 355 [IQR: 240–495]; p < 0.001), Killip class III/IV at presentation (9.5% vs. 6.1%), hypertension (58.8% vs. 49%; p < 0.001), obesity (18.4% vs. 15.9%; p = 0.030). On angiogram, patients with acute hyperglycemia had higher pre-procedure LVEDP (22.29 ± 10.27 vs. 21.33 ± 9.66 mmHg; p < 0.001), multi-vessel diseases (67% vs. 62%), and culprit right coronary artery (RCA) (32.1% vs. 29.9%). Patients with acute hyperglycemia were observed to have a higher incidence of heart failure (8.2% vs. 5.5%; p < 0.001), contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) (10.9% vs. 7.4%; p < 0.001), and in-hospital mortality (5.7% vs. 2.5%; p < 0.001) (Table 
Comparison of normoglycemic and acute hyperglycemic patients in terms of the distribution of demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics and post-procedure complications and outcomes
In non-diabetic patients, acute-hyperglycemia was found to be associated with female gender (20.1% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.055), longer ischemic time (380 [240–504] vs. 355 [240–490] minutes; p = 0.024), raised heart rate at presentation (87.02 ± 18.62 vs. 84.53 ± 17.54 bpm; p = 0.001), Killip class III/IV at presentation (8.3% vs. 5.9%), and elevated LVEDP (22.15 ± 10.58 vs. 21.13 ± 9.61; p = 0.023). A higher incidence of heart failure (7.2% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.001) and mortality (4.0% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.028) among non-diabetic patients was also associated with acute hyperglycemia.The prolonged ischemia was also found to be associated with acute hyperglycemia in diabetic patients too (380 [270–540] vs. 360 [240–520]; p = 0.023). The acute-hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of mortality in diabetic patients, too (6.9% vs. 2.9%; p = 0.001) (Table 
Comparison of normoglycemic and acute hyperglycemic patients, within the context of diabetes and non-diabetes, in terms of the distribution of demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics
Compared to the in-hospital mortality rate of 2.5% for the non-diabetic normoglycemic patients, a significantly higher mortality rate of 4.0% (p = 0.028) was observed for non-diabetic hyperglycemic and 6.9% (p < 0.001) for diabetic hyperglycemic patients, while the in-hospital mortality rate of 2.9% (p = 0.539) for the diabetic normoglycemic patients was not significant from non-diabetic normoglycemic patients (Table 
Comparison of normoglycemic and acute hyperglycemic patients, within the context of diabetes and non-diabetes, in terms of post-procedure complications and outcomes*On multivariable analysis, acute hyperglycemia was found to be an independent predictor of mortality with an adjusted OR of 1.81 [95% CI: 1.28–2.55]. Multi-vessel disease (1.73 [95% CI: 1.17–2.56]), pre-procedure LVEDP (1.02 [95% CI: 1.0-1.03]), and Killip class III/IV (4.55 [95% CI: 3.09–6.71]) were found to be additional independent predictors of in-hospital mortality (Table 
The univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis for in-hospital mortality
On multivariable analysis, diabetic hyperglycemic patients were found to have significantly higher mortality risk as compared to non-diabetic normoglycemic patients with an adjusted OR of 2.26 [95% CI: 1.54–3.3] as presented in Table 
The univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis for in-hospital mortality in the context diabetes and acute hyperglycemia
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