Introduction
HIV exposure-induced or cross-reactive immunity, infection
DISEASE PROGRESSION, INFECTION
High HIV viral load (VL) is associated with increased transmission risk and faster disease progression. HIV controllers have low VLs without antiretroviral treatment (ART; elite controllers: <50 copies/mL; viremic controllers: <2,000 copies/mL) (Many HIV controllers are infected with replication-competent viruses (HIV-specific antibody responses develop in some persistently uninfected persons after viral exposure. In female sex workers, these antibodies exhibit cross-clade viral neutralization activity (Logistical barriers have hampered efforts to define the role of pre-existing HIV exposure-induced or cross-reactive immunity in HIV control. HIV control is typically identified in persons with established infection (The HPTN 071 (PopART) trial enrolled >48,000 participants in Zambia and South Africa (