Measurements and definition of pre-sarcopenia
Appendicular skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass, Sarcopenia
SARCOPENIA
In the NHANES, body composition was measured by DXA using the Hologic QDR-4500 A fanbeam densitometer (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA). Exclusion criteria: participants with pregnant or weight over 450 lb (204 kg) or 6 ft, 5 in. (195 cm) or participants with missing data of variables (such as Waist circumference, OGTT etc.). Inclusion criteria: participants were 18 years of age or older, and with data of DXA and without missing variables. To obtain complete results of DXA data, data files of DXA in NHANES from 2011 to 2018 were collected. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), the sum of lean mass for both arms and legs, is usually adopted in clinical practice. We performed analysis using skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) calculated as ASM adjusted for body mass index which was recommended by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia [