Anesthesia process
pain
SECONDARY
Children were admitted to the operating room with a peripheral intravenous catheter. Their heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation, and bispectral index (BIS) were monitored. The selected dose of ciprofol was injected during anesthesia induction, and the injection took 30 s. Children were asked if they experienced any injection pain or other discomfort. Afterward, they were administered sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg and rocuronium 0.3 mg/kg.Endotracheal intubation was performed 90 s after the injection of rocuronium. Intubation conditions were also evaluated. Ciprofol 0.2 mg/kg was administered when BIS was above 75 prior to tracheal intubation (T3). When the intubation conditions were unacceptable, 0.3 mg/kg of rocuronium was administered to ensure successful intubation.Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane 2.5–3% (inspired concentration), which was adjusted based on the patient’s vital signs. Sevoflurane inhalation was discontinued at the end of the procedure, and the child was transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Extubation and awakening were completed in the PACU, and sugammadex 2 mg/kg was administered to reverse the effect of rocuronium. The child was extubated when spontaneous breathing returned and end-tidal COThe primary outcome was intubation conditions, and the secondary outcomes included vital signs and injection pain. The HR, MAP, and BIS values of the children were recorded at different time points: before induction (T1), 30 s after ciprofol injection (T2), before intubation (T3), 1 min after intubation (T4), and 5 min after intubation (T5). Intubation conditions were assessed as described in previous literature (Table Assessment of intubation conditions.The overall intubation condition was assessed according to the circumstances of each variable: if all variables were rated as excellent or good, the intubation condition was clinically acceptable, and if either variable was assessed as poor, the intubation condition was clinically not acceptable.