4.3.3. Inflammatory Markers and Multi-Sugar Urinary Recovery Test
TNF-α
The measurements of the inflammatory markers IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α were performed at Örebro University, Sweden, using the V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 Human Kit (MSDFurthermore, the multi-sugar test was used for the detection of alterations in gastrointestinal permeability, as previously described [