Participants
pulmonary embolism, genu varum, hepatic and renal dysfunction, flexion contracture, end-stage osteoarthritis, venous thromboembolic, congenital or acquired coagulation disorders, anemia, DVT, TKA, heart failure
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, PULMONARY EMBOLISM, CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, HEART, ANEMIA, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, HEART FAILURE, DVT
Patients were consecutively screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria were patients undergoing initial unilateral TKA for end-stage osteoarthritis in this treatment team From December 1, 2022, to March 20, 2023, Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with preoperative anemia (Hb concentrations < 12 g/dL in men and < 11 g/dL in women); patients with rheumatoid arthritis; patients with a history of arterial or venous thromboembolic diseases (such as deep vein thrombosis [DVT] or pulmonary embolism [PE]); patients with cerebrovascular diseases, patients with prior myocardial infarction, heart failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV), and atrial fibrillation; patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction; patients with genu varum, genu valgum, and flexion contracture greater than 30 degrees; patients with congenital or acquired coagulation disorders (preoperative international normalized ratio > 1.4, activated partial thromboplastin time > 1.4 × normal values, and platelets < 140,000/mm