2.1. Study Design
KIDNEY
We conducted an open label, multicenter randomized controlled study between September 2021 until August 2022. All of the participants were recruited from four HD centers in Bangkok, Thailand (King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Kidney Foundation of Thailand HD center, Benjakitti Park Hospital, and Bangkok Christian Hospital). The study protocol was approved by the Chulalongkorn University Institutional Review Board (IRB no. 298/64) and registered with the Thai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR20230217001). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.