2.1. Participants
lower-body injury
RENAL DISEASE, CROSS
A group of 11 (5 males and 6 females) non-heat-acclimatized NCAA Division 1 Cross Country athletes participated in this study (mean ± SD; age, 20 ± 1 y; height, 174 ± 10 cm; body mass, 142.3 ± 16.0 kg). Participants were assumed to be non-heat-acclimatized due to the time of year that the study took place (February–March) in the United States. To ensure the health and safety of the participants, a health history and Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ) was completed prior to involvement. All participants met the ACSM guidelines for being physically active (at least 3 days per week of at least 30 min of moderate intensity activity for at least 3 months), had not experienced a lower-body injury within the past 6 months from the date of the first visit, nor did they indicate cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease. For each visit, participants were asked to refrain from consuming alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and pre-/post-workout supplements for 12 h prior to each visit, and to avoid strenuous exercising for at least 24 h prior to the time of each scheduled visit. The experimental protocol was approved by the Samford University Review Board (#EXPD-HP-21-S-1) and participants provided their written informed consent prior to participation, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. 