Performance
The Spatial VR training improved performance (i.e., decreased absolute error in azimuth) more than the Non-Spatial training, irrespective of the session in which it was completed (Spatial—pre: 52.6° ± 26.2°; post: 39.3° ± 23.5°; Non-Spatial training—pre: 43.8° ± 27.4°; post: 42.0° ± 27.6°, As documented above, individual asymmetries in hearing thresholds between the implanted and non-implanted ear influenced performance: the higher the threshold in the contralateral ear, the higher the error (Trainings also influenced the response bias in sound localization (i.e., the signed error). In the pre-training session, no overall bias toward the side contralateral to the CI was measured (− 1.1°, SD = 39.2; To further examine the effect of training on head-pointing to sounds, we analyzed the direction of the first head-rotation in each trial. This measure captures the immediate orienting response toward the sound. We found that participants discriminated the side of sounds source (ipsilateral: 24.09 ± 39.42; contralateral; − 17.18 ± 47.19, 