Interventions
weight gain
BLOOD, PREGNANCY DIABETES
A medical team established a WeChat group consisting of doctors, nurses, psychologists, and nutritionists. We invited pregnant women from the experimental group to join the group and provided them with health education, answered their questions in the group, and regularly shared knowledge about healthy pregnancy, such as food choices and weight management. While educating pregnant women, they conveyed pregnancy precautions, helped them eliminate negative emotions, maintain a positive attitude, and cultivate a healthy lifestyle. Additionally, we provided a series of lectures for pregnant women, including “Pregnancy weight management,” “Nutrition and dietary recommendations for pregnant women,” “Prenatal nutrition intervention,” “Blood sugar management during pregnancy diabetes,” and “1000 Days for Health and Nutrition in Early Life.” The pregnant women were also encouraged to keep a food diary and share their experiences in the group. At the time of enrollment, (24-28 weeks and 38-42 weeks), the dietitian performed three nutritional assessments using the 24-hour dietary review method to evaluate the dietary intake status of the pregnant women. Nutritional recommendations were individualized and could be given through the food exchange method, taking into account the preferences and dietary needs of the pregnant women without exceeding the total energy intake. The pregnant women were encouraged to eat a balanced diet with vegetables, fruits, high-fiber whole grain products, low-fat dairy products, increased legumes, nuts and other plant proteins, and other plant proteins while avoiding foods rich in sugar and saturated fatty acids. Reminded pregnant women with excessive or insufficient gestational weight gain (GWG) based on the range of GWG recommended by the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines (