Discussion
RET, TIE-2.Avelumab, cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, mccRCC
CANCER, CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, CYTOTOXICITY
The therapeutic landscape for patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) has rapidly expanded.Cabozantinib is an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-3 (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET), AXL, RET, KIT, FLT3, ROS1, MER, TYRO3, TRKB, and TIE-2.Avelumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is present on the cancer cell surface. Avelumab is different from the other drugs in the same class for its unique characteristic of antitumor activity via natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel combination of avelumab and cabozantinib in untreated mccRCC (CONSORT flow diagram showing the enrollment of subjects, and their allocation to treatment.