2.1. Participants
diabetes mellitus, impairment of cognitive function, TKA, pain
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, DIABETES MELLITUS, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
We enrolled patients aged ≥60 years who were scheduled for unilateral TKA at the university hospital. This age group was preferred because the principal indication for TKA is ≥60 years at our institution. Patients were excluded based on the following criteria: severe pain or deformity of the knee on the contralateral side, chronic opioid use, diabetes mellitus due to the possibility of peripheral neuropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, necessity of anticoagulants, or impairment of cognitive function.