Study design and participants
rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, congenital anomalies, fractures, mobility problems
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, DISEASES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
The statistical population included all older adults residing in a nursing home (n = 397) in Rasht, the capital of Guilan province, located in the north of Iran. This city has only one non-profit, public nursing home that operates round the clock. This care center is located in a space of 17,000 square meters, to care for the older adults and disabled, in Suleiman Darab of Rasht. The main conditions for the clients’ admission are old age, lack of physical, motor, and spinal ability and, the inability of the family to take care of them. This center has wards 1, 2, and 3 for men and women, child and adolescent ward, and spinal cord lesion ward. In this research, the samples were selected from men’s and women’s wards.Based on inclusion criteria, only the eligible older people were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. A total of 70 eligible older people were selected and randomly divided into intervention (n = 35) and control (n = 35). In both groups (intervention and control), 6 subjects withdrew from cooperation due to unwillingness to continue cooperation. Finally, 29 samples remained in each group. The research flow is shown in Fig. 
Flowchart of the allocation of participants to the study groupsInclusion criteria included individuals aged 60 years and older, appropriate general health status (independence in daily activities and ability to perform training protocol), having a good state of cognition, vision and hearing, no history of orthopedic surgery in the past year, no musculoskeletal fractures in the last six months, no congenital anomalies and specific skeletal diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and no cardiovascular disease or acute illnesses, lack of regular exercise and non-drug addiction and lack of painkiller and sedative use. Exclusion criteria also included mobility problems during exercise, not attending all training sessions, and the older adult’s unwillingness to participate in the study.