Participants and procedures
fullness
Participants with BE were recruited for a study utilizing guided self-help cognitive–behavioral therapy for BE and completed all procedures presented in the current study prior to starting therapy. Individuals with ≥ 12 binge-eating episodes (subjective or objective in size), were recruited as previous findings have suggested that the size of BE-episodes does not necessarily correlate with illness severity or inhibition [This study was approved by the Drexel University Institutional Review Board. Participants provided written informed consent and completed an in-person study visit. Participants were asked to eat a meal (i.e., a typical full-sized meal for the participant) two hours prior to the visit then fast until the visit. During the visit, participants provided ratings of hunger and fullness, underwent a fNIRS scan, completed self-report questionnaires, and were administered a clinical interview to confirm presence or absence of BE.