Patients and exclusion/inclusion criteria
pain
Eligible participants of both sexes aged between 18 and 30 years of Norwegian Caucasian origin referred to the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, for surgical removal of impacted third molars were enrolled by LAS. They were included if they reached “moderate” on a 5-point Likert verbal rating scale (VRS) being “no, mild, moderate, severe, or very severe pain” verified by ≥ 4 on a horizontal 11-point numerical visual analogue rating scale (NRS) running from “no pain = 0” to “worst imaginable pain = 10” within the qualification period [