Biochemical assessment
INSULIN RESISTANCE, DYSFUNCTION
Fasting blood samples (10 ml) were drawn from the brachial artery of all participants after 12 h of fasting at baseline and end of sixth week of the intervention. Serum samples were immediately centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 20 min (Sigma, UK) to separate the serum. Then, the serum samples were stored at -70 °C in the reference laboratory of Iran University of Medical Sciences before analysis. Serum glucose, ApoB, ApoA1 and insulin were measured by the standard enzymatic method of glucose oxidase (Pars Azmoon, Tehran, Iran), immunoturbidimetry method (Pars Azmoon, Tehran, Iran), immunoturbidimetry method (Pars Azmoon, Tehran, Iran), and ELISA method (Pars Azmoon, Tehran, Iran), respectively. Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction were determined using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and Homeostasis Model Assessment-beta (HOMA-B), respectively and according to the following formula: [glucose (nmol/L) x insulin (microU/L) /22.5] and [20 × insulin (μIU/ml) /glucose (mmol/ml) -3.5] %, respectively.