5. Conclusions
PWH
We found minimal variability in NMR values among a population of Black South Africans with HIV, compared to typical ranges found in other more diverse settings. While there was some association between NMR and smoking characteristics in this population, the clinical utility may be the strongest for understanding the willingness to make a quit attempt among individuals with higher NMR. Overall, our findings highlighted the potential limitations of using NMR to inform approaches for treatment of nicotine dependence among PWH in this population. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the relationship between NMR and a successful quit attempt to more fully understand the clinical implications of NMR in this setting.