Data collection
PIH, macrosomia, GDM, PTB
GDM
At the time of maternal enrollment, the general profile of the pregnant women was collected, including age, height, pre-pregnancy weight, gestational week, and GDM risk factors. Pregnant women underwent an OGTT at 24-28 weeks of gestation to determine the presence of GDM. The incidence of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes, including PIH, PTB, macrosomia, and CS, was recorded after the completion of pregnancy.