2.3. Outcomes
reinjury, Pain, pain
CENTRAL SENSITIZATION
Pain severity was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale: a Visual Analogue Scale is typically a horizontal line 100 mm long that the patient marks to represent his perception of the current pain status.The Arabic version of the Central Sensitization Inventory was used to measure central sensitization. CSI is a tool that helps people identify signs of nociplastic pain.Kinesiophobia was measured using the Arabic version of the Tampa kinesiophobia scale to assess fear of reinjury associated with physical movement. Respondents rated 17 items on a 4-point scale ranging from (1 “strongly disagree” to 4 “strongly agree”). The total score ranges from 17 to 68, with higher scores indicating greater fear of movement or reinjury.Pain thresholds were measured using an algometer at the third metacarpophalangeal metacarpophalangeals (MCPs) joints, wrist, and most inflamed joint.