3. Results
±, trochlear notch, suprapatellar effusion
EFFUSION, LEQUESNE, OSTEOARTHRITIS, COMPLICATION
All 18 patients completed the three treatment sessions without any complication. At baseline, no significant difference between experimental group and control group in terms of the characteristics and parameters were observed (Table Demographics and baseline clinical characteristics.Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.BMI = body mass index, K-L grade = Kellgren–Lawrence grade, Lt = left, Rt = right, VAS = visual analogue scale, WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index.Both experimental and control group improved their OA symptoms as measured by the VAS, WOMAC score, and Lequesne index (Fig. Treatment effect over time on VAS, WOMAC, Lequesne index, and suprapatellar effusion. VAS = visual analogue scale, WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index.At 1-month follow-up, the suprapatellar effusion in the experimental group decreased over time and showed a significant difference from the control group (Fig. VAS, WOMAC, and Lequesne index were improved in both experimental and control group. On the other hand, suprapatellar effusion decreased with time course only in experimental group.The experimental group experienced an increase in knee flexion ROM and Doppler activity immediately following the last treatment session in experimental group, but the effect was not sustained at 1-month follow-up (Table Increased parameters after the treatment in the experimental group.Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. DA lateral = Doppler activity at lateral joint space, DA med para = Doppler activity at medial parapatellar recess, DA medial = Doppler activity at medial joint space, ROM = range of motion.Other parameters such as knee extension ROM, Doppler activity at lateral parapatellar recess, cartilage thickness at medial trochlea, trochlear notch, and lateral trochlea showed no time-dependent changes or intergroup differences.