Results
childbirth among cognitive behavioral, ‡Cesarean
A total of 241 pregnant women were examined, of whom 110 women were excluded, due to not fulfilling eligibility criteria. Eventually, 99 individuals participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the CBT, haptonomy, and control groups. In the CBT group, one person was reluctant to continue the study (Fig. 
Enrollment of participants in the study
The characteristics of primigravid women in the CBT, haptonomy, and control groups†Cognitive behavioral therapy, ‡Mean (SD), *One-way ANOVA, **Chi-Square test,After the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed in the FOC score among the three groups (
The comparison of the mean score of primigravid women´s fear of childbirth in the CBT, haptonomy, and control groups during the study† Cognitive behavioral therapy, *One-way ANOVA, **ANCOVA after adjusting the baseline value, ***RMANOVA after adjusting the baseline value and birth method
The comparison of fear of childbirth among cognitive behavioral therapy, haptonomy, and control groupsAlthough after the intervention, the desire for vaginal birth in the haptonomy group was more than that in the other two groups at 35–37 weeks, there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups in terms of intended birth method (
The comparison of the intended and final birth method in the CBT, haptonomy, and control groups before and after the interventionIntended birth method at24–28 weeksIntended birth method at35–37 weeks†Cognitive behavioral therapy, ‡Cesarean section, *Chi-square test