Statistical methods
PLSP
Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 25.0 software. In the present study, Data normality was confirmed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov. ANOVA analysis of variance compared quantitative variables in three groups. Also, the variables of gender, education, and history of previous abdominal surgery were evaluated with the Chi-square test. In each group, ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare the trend of changes in the severity of PLSP at 4, 8, and 12 h after surgery. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.