Trial design
dysphagia, muscle mass, pneumonia, dehydration, infection, sepsis, weight loss
DYSPHAGIA, PNEUMONIA, PULMONARY DISEASE, DEHYDRATION, INFECTION, INFLAMMATION OR INFECTION, SEPSIS, ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA, DISEASES
This study was a randomized controlled trial with a crossover design conducted from September 2021 to March 2022 in a tertiary university hospital. Because various characteristics of the patients are associated with the development of aspiration pneumonia and unintentional weight loss (e.g., age, need for bronchial suctioning, the presence of dysphagia and/or dehydration, muscle mass, catabolic conditions such as inflammation or infection, and underlying diseases of the patients)Iohexol (Bonorex 300, iohexol 647 mg/ml) and barium sulfate powder (Baritop HD, 99%w/w) 300 g mixed with 80 ml of water were compared in a singular VFSS. We postulated that the contrast agent that was previously used did not affect the subsequent VFSS findings, as it is assumed that previously tried food did not affect the later in the usual VFSS procedures, where various foods with different consistencies are tried in one examinationDesign and flowchart of the study participants.Demographic data, including age, gender, and past medical history, were obtained from hospital records. In data collection, pneumonia was not included in pulmonary disease, and recent systematic infection history was defined as sepsis that occurred within 1 months of the date of VFSS. Initial dietary type was the type of diet at the time of VFSS. All participants were prospectively followed for 3 months after the VFSS. If the participant was still hospitalized at that point, data were obtained through hospital records, and if the participant was discharged, data was obtained by phone interviewing the participants or their guardian.