Trial procedures
The TasP trial protocol has been described previously [In both trial arms, home-based survey rounds were implemented every six months, during which fieldworkers administered a sociodemographic and sexual behaviour questionnaire and offered HBHCT to all eligible individuals. All participants identified as HIV-positive (positive rapid HIV test result or self-reported to be HIV-positive) received a trial referral card and were encouraged to access the trial clinic in their cluster, located at less than 45 minutes walking distance from where they live. In the control arm trial clinics, people were offered ART according to South African guidelines at that time. All HIV-positive individuals in the intervention arm trial clinics were offered immediate ART initiation regardless of CD4 count or clinical staging. All trial participants from both control and intervention arms could also access HIV and ART care in the local HIV treatment program (government clinics of the Department of Health (DoH)), where ART was offered according to South African guidelines (initially starting at CD4 counts ≤350 cells/mL and then <500 cells/mL from January, 2015).