Study Design
This study used a randomized controlled trial design with a study period spanning from August 7, 2018, to December 31, 2022. Random allocation was achieved using computer-generated grouping, with numbers assigned and placed in sealed envelopes. Envelopes were drawn by cases at the time of enrollment to determine group allocation, continuing until the estimated sample size was reached, as illustrated in Flow of participants for the study of an app intervention for PEG. PEG: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.