Cost inputs
Only direct medical costs were considered, including the cost of the drug utilization, cost of drug administration, cost of follow-up, cost of main AE management and cost of treatments for progression (including active treatments and supportive care), and were stated in 2022 United States dollars (USD) by the following exchange rate: 1 CYN = 0.14 USD. Drug prices were estimated from the local bid-winning price [Drug administration costs were calculated as a function of administration cost per attendance and administration frequency (number of attendances per cycle). Unit administration costs were derived from local charges. The costs of follow-up, including the carcinoembryonic antigen level test, ultrasound of the abdomen, and outpatient specialist clinic, were from a published study [