4. Discussion
VLU, edema, hyperemia, muscle malfunction, ulcer
EDEMA, HYPEREMIA, EPITHELIALIZATION, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, VENOUS ULCERS, ULCER
According to the study’s findings, the control group did not experience any significant changes over the four-week follow-up period, while the two experimental groups showed a substantial improvement in ulcer surface area and volume. There were significant differences across the 3 groups at the 12-week follow-up, with the PEMF + PRE group experiencing the most significant improvement.These results were in line with the findings of a study by El-Din et al. [Several experimental studies have reported improved wound healing from various causes, including one that compared the histological and morphological differences between electric stimulation and magnetic field treatments in burn-injured rats. The pulsed electromagnetic field therapy group showed more healing signs (burn area, epithelialization, edema, and hyperemia) than the electric stimulation group [The pulsed electromagnetic field has several physiological impacts, which have been well-documented. It has been proposed that PEMF may induce particular, quantifiable biological reactions, such as DNA synthesis, transcription, and protein biosynthesis by modifying or enhancing existing endogenous electrical fields [One important element in the pathophysiology of venous ulcers is the increased generation of oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxides by both entrapped white cells due to decreased perfusion caused by increased venous pressure [According to published research, there is a connection between calf muscle malfunction and the severity of VLU [Several types of physical activity, such as resistance exercise, walking, aerobic exercise, and ankle exercise, are suggested as adjunct therapies to compression therapy for managing VLU [