Differences in changes to expression of the CD69 activation marker on immune cells within 3 hours after consumption of APR extract versus placebo.
p<0.10
The results are shown as the group averages ± standard error of the mean of the individual percent changes from baseline after consuming APR extract where changes after consuming placebo are subtracted. A. CD69 expression on monocytes: A relative increase was seen at 2 hours and reached a statistical trend. B. CD69 expression on NK cells: A relative decrease in was seen at 1 hour and reached a statistical trend. C. CD69 expression on NKT cells: A large increase reached a high level of statistical significance at 2 hours and remained statistically significant at 3 hours. D. CD69 levels on T cells: There were no differences after consuming the APR extract compared to placebo. Levels of statistical significance are shown on the graphs where changes from baseline to a later time point is indicated by asterisks, where p<0.10: (*), p<0.05: * and p<0.01: **.