Cox model development and evaluation
We had established three Cox models, including the optimal pathomic features, clinical characteristics, and the combination of the two elements, to predict the patients with 5-year OS. The models were evaluated by C-index, calibration curve, and ROC curve. The visualization of Cox models was conducted with Nomogram. The calibration curve, ROC curve, and Nomogram were conducted with the “rms” and “pROC” package of the R software (version 4.1.2).