Approximation
bloating, redness, nausea, diarrhea, edema, pain, headache, ecchymosis
SEPARATION, EVENTS, EDEMA, ECCHYMOSIS
0 for fully closed wound, 1 for skin separation ≤ 3 mm, 2 for skin and subcutaneous fat separation, 3 for subcutaneous fat and fascia layer separation.All variables (except discharge) were measured using a disposable syringe 5 cc, and the sum of scores was determined. Low scores indicate better status. In order to determine the reliability of the instrument in examining perineal repair during measurements for four times from 6 h to ten days after birth, kappa correlation coefficient was reported 0.75–0.88 for discharge, 0.46 for edema, 0.42 for ecchymosis, and 0.66 for redness [The pain intensity was measured using VAS, which is a 10 cm straight horizontal line, scaled from 0 to 10, as 0 represents “absolute painlessness” and 10 indicates “unbearable pain”. The distance in this line is interpreted as 0 for no pain, 1–3 for mild pain, 4–6 for moderate pain, 7–9 for severe pain, and 9–10 for very severe pain [In the current research, the side events were extracted through literature review and were listed in a checklist which included bloating, diarrhea, nausea, and headache. Any reported side events by participants were also recorded.