3.2. Muscle Quantity and Quality Indices
No significant differences were observed in anterior and posterior femoris muscle thickness, echo intensity for the rectus femoris, normal walking speed, single-leg stance test, five times sit-to-stand test, and grip strength before and after the interventions among the four groups (Furthermore, changes in the posterior femoris muscle thickness from baseline to 12 weeks in the Sed and Dio, and RT and Dio groups were significantly higher than those in the Sed and PL group; however, these changes did not differ between the Sed and PL, and RT and PL groups (Changes in the serum C1q levels from baseline to 12 weeks did not differ among the Sed and PL, Sed and Dio, and RT and PL groups, whereas changes in the serum C1q levels in the RT and Dio group were significantly lower than those in the Sed and PL, and Sed and Dio groups (