Study setting
hypothermia, seizures, apnoea, infection, human immunodeficiency virus, respiratory distress
INFECTION, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, HYPOGLYCAEMIA
The OMWaNA trial was led by the Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit in Entebbe, in collaboration with Makerere University and LSHTM. The trial was conducted in five government hospitals in Uganda:• Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital (Hospital-1)• Iganga District Hospital (Hospital-2)• Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (Hospital-3)• Kawempe National Referral Hospital (Hospital-4)• Masaka Regional Referral Hospital (Hospital-5)Prior to the OMWaNA study, each hospital had a newborn special care unit, hereafter referred to as ‘neonatal unit,’ that accepted referrals from their respective catchment area. The availability of equipment in these facilities varied, but all had incubators and/or radiant heaters, oxygen supply, and standard operating procedures for clinical management, including respiratory distress, apnoea, infection, seizures, hypothermia, and hypoglycaemia. Most facilities met WHO level-2 criteria (Fig. Inpatient care for small and sick newborns: WHO standards by level of care. HIV = human immunodeficiency virus. 