Sensitivity analysis
We did sensitivity analyses for the GEE models of the primary outcome “CLABSI with any pathogen” without any further confounders (GEE model crude) and with additional risk factors (GEE model adjusted for additional confounders) to test robustness of our data. Additional confounders for sensitivity analysis included medical ICU (yes/no), antibiotic-coated central lines (yes/no), chlorhexidine-containing dressings (yes/no) and needleless injection ports (yes/no) during the intervention period. Medical ICU was counted as “yes” for all ICUs assigned as medical ICUs, all other ICUs (surgical, medical-surgical, interdisciplinary) were counted as “no”. This data was assessed by ICU-KISS basic data or surveys conducted before and at the end of the intervention period.Further, all GEE models for CLABSI with any pathogen stratified by CLABSI rates ≥ or < 0.8 CLABSI per 1000 CL days were also tested with the following additional confounders: antibiotic-coated central lines (yes/no), chlorhexidine-containing dressings (yes/no) and needleless injection ports (yes/no) during the intervention period.