Statistical analysis
All data were analyzed by SPSS software package (version 26.0; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). Continuous data were tested for normality using Shapiro–Wilk test. The independent-samples t test was used for analysis of normally distributed measurement data and non-normally distributed data, which were expressed as median (interquartile range) [M(Q)], were analyzed by non-parametric test. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparison of MAP and HR. The chi-square test was used for comparison between groups for enumeration data. 