Design overview
Oswestry Disability, NRS, pain
SECONDARY, BLIND
This was a 2-arm RCT, parallel-group study with blind outcomes assessor, conducted from September 2018 to August 2019 in the corrective exercises center of the Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. The trial was retrospective registered 10/11/2022, at The researchers measured pain intensity as the primary outcome using the Numeric Ratings Scale (NRS) and assessed changes in disability, Kinesiophobia, and VGRF parameters as secondary outcomes with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKI), and (Force distributor treadmill), respectively, a week before the interventions. After assessing demographic data and outcome measures, the researchers randomly assigned patients to receive either CFT or MSI-based treatment.