2.5. Statistical Analysis
The SPSS version 28 software package (IBM, New York, NY, USA) was used to analyze all data. To determine the suitability of parametric tests, the assumption of normality was tested via the Shapiro–Wilk test. Between-group differences in VAS score changes from pre- to post-study exposures (interventions (VR or telehealth) or control) were determined via repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with the study exposures assigned as the between-group variables. The baseline VAS scores were entered as the co-variate, and the VAS change scores from pre- to post-acute training session were entered as the dependent variable. The significance level was set at 