Introduction
deaths
The world has achieved reductions in child mortality with efforts to combat poverty and hunger. Globally, the under-5 mortality rate decreased by 59% from 93.0 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 37.7 in 2019 (The analyses of cohort data found that linear growth during the first 2 years of life was a strong predictor of educational attainment and adult intelligence quotients (Ensuring child health and well-being is one of the key priority areas in Vietnam. However, the World Bank Group Human Capital Index 2020 estimated that children born in Vietnam today would be 69% as productive when they grow up as they could be with complete education and full health (