Study limitations
BLIND
First, this study was conducted in a single center and included a small number of patients. This might limit the universality of research results. A larger, prospective, multicenter study could shed more light on the role of KODEX-EPD in improving AF treatment via CB ablation. Second, in this study, operators can master the KODEX-EPD system skillfully through the learning curve of 5 cases, and there may be differences among different operators in different centers. Third, this experiment cannot blind the operator, so there may be bias.