Study design
This study was prospective randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial, designed in accordance with guidelines outlined in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement. Participants were recruited from patients who underwent mandibular third molar extraction at our hospital from September 2020 to December 2021. This study was ethically approved by the institutional ethics committee at the Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (No:2020 − 152), and was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study.