Transportation cost
In rural settings, routine VMMC teams drove to review clients or provided transport while urban clients were largely responsible for their own transportation. It was estimated that the round–trip distance to a client’s home on average was 39.64 (19.82–9.91) kilometers in rural areas. As indicated in the vehicle manual, the average fuel consumption of the vehicle that was used for tracing was 0.06L/km (From time-motion data, it was estimated that the program’s transportation time per client visit was 34 minutes in rural settings. No client transportation was provided by the program in urban settings over the observation period.