Mediation analysis of alert effects
Alerts may provide patient benefit beyond medication discontinuation (such as by promoting further diagnostic workup, treatment, or avoidance of nephrotoxins). As the PPI subgroup was the only one to show a significant overall effect of the alert, we performed mediation analysis to determine if the clinical effect of the alert was driven by cessation of PPI. In the unadjusted analysis without any baseline covariates (Supplemental Table 