Background
itching, burning, herpetic, inflammation, ulcerative, aphthous stomatitis, necrotic, pain, palate, cardiovascular problems, ulcer
RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS, ULCER, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, INFLAMMATION, MINOR, ULCERATIVE, APHTHOUS STOMATITIS, ULCERS, NECROTIC, DISEASE, ADVERSE EFFECTS, ADHESION, RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS, HYPERTENSION, APHTHOUS STOMATITIS, TYPE 2 DIABETES
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an ulcerative and painful lesion with a prevalence of 5–60%, which can interfere with an individual’s nutrition, speech, and oral hygiene due to its painful nature, which in turn can affect the patient’s quality of life [Aphthous stomatitis is clinically divided into minor, major, and herpetic forms. The most common form of RAS is minor, with a prevalence of more than 80%. Clinically, minor aphthous stomatitis is in the form of shallow ulcers with a size smaller than 5 mm, single or multiple, round or oval with a necrotic base and erythematous border with a burning pain that appears 2 to 48 h before the formation of the ulcer. The lesions specifically involve the non-keratinized and moveable mucosa of the mouth, including the mucosa of the lips, cheeks, lateral and ventral surface of the tongue, soft palate, and oropharynx [Significant treatment protocols have been introduced for this condition, but the etiology of this disease is still idiopathic, and these treatments are primarily symptomatic rather than preventive [Statins are inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxyl-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the first step of cholesterol biosynthesis, so the primary role of statins is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems in patients with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes [The beneficial effects of statins are related to their anti-inflammatory properties. They reduce the release of C-reactive peptides, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules; they also affect T-cell activity modulation. Statins inhibit the migration of leukocytes by decreasing the expression of adhesion molecules. Furthermore, prevent inflammation by suppressing chemokine release and Th1-type chemokine receptors of T-cells [The topical use of these drugs can put a higher dose of the medicine in contact with the ulcer for a more extentended period and simultaneously reduce the side effects caused by systemic drug use. Studies have shown that the topical use of this substance may cause mild adverse effects such as itching, burning, and irritation. However, it is well tolerated and highly compatible with many patients [Given the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and tissue regenerative properties of atorvastatin and the lack of a study on the effect of statins on minor recurrent intraoral ulcers, we decided to evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin mucoadhesive tablets as a topical treatment on reducing the symptoms and duration of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis.