Procedures
Prospective participants were approached in the ED by trained bilingual and bicultural research assistants. Patients who self-identified as having Latino ethnicity received a health quiz (including questions about alcohol, tobacco, and seat belt use). Three standard questions about the quantity and frequency of alcohol use were asked: (1) on average, how many days per week do you drink alcohol? (2) on a typical day when you drink, how many drinks do you have? and (3) how many times in the past month have you had X [4 for women or 5 for men] or more drinks on any occasion? Patients reporting a consistently unhealthy pattern of drinking were approached for written informed consent in their language choice of English or Spanish.