Intervention
chest compression
Teaching methods, including traditional face-to-face, hybrid, and VR methods, were the main interventions in this study. In order to minimize the effects of different teaching methods, the agenda of each intervention were set up in the same manner, which included 40 minutes lecture and 70 minutes practice. The difference between each intervention was the approach to deliver lecture and practice session. The traditional face-to-face method delivered face-to-face approach in both lecture and practice. The hybrid method delivered a web-based video playlist as lecture and face-to-face approach in practice session. The web-based video playlist was provided and authorized by one of Taiwanese online first aid training organization called ANNE School. The VR methods delivered both lecture and practice in HTC Basic Life Support VR platform and using HTC Corporation VR goggles. For each CPR course, the standardized instructor to participant ratio was 1:6 in this study. The CPR courses taught both chest compression only CPR and compression with ventilation. The pre- and post-test examined only chest compression only CPR.