Anthropometry
CREST
Weight (Seca 804 electronic scales, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and height (Seca 213 wall-mounted stadiometer, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) were measured with footwear and heavy items of clothing removed. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms (kg) divided by height in meters squared (mWaist and hip circumference were measured twice to the nearest 0.1 cm using a measuring tape (Seca 203). Waist circumference was measured in the mid-axillary plane at the midpoint between the inferior margin of the last rib and the crest of the ilium. Hip circumference was measured at the level of the greatest posterior protuberance of the buttocks. A third measurement was taken if the difference between measures one and two was greater than 2 cm. The average of these readings was then calculated. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was calculated by dividing waist circumference by hip circumference.