General linear mixed model
ICU-AW
SECONDARY, REGRESSION
The GLMM investigated discrepancies in SPPB and 6WMD at hospital discharge, as well as SF-36 and IESR scores at one month post-discharge. It also explored differences and trends in FFM, ASMM, SMI, and PhA among the four groups at various assessment time points: T0, T1w, T2w, and hospital discharge. Additionally, the GLMM analysed variations and trends in MRC scores, ICU-AW, grip strength, and MMSE at T0, transfer out, and discharge. Furthermore, it compared differences in HADS, and FSS-ICU scores at T0, transfer out, discharge, and one month post-discharge among the four groups.Fixed effects included group, time, and between group and time interactions to account for repeated measures. The random effect of the centre controlled for population heterogeneity across centres. Regression coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the impact of interventions—specifically RT, HMB supplementation, and their combination—compared to the control group. The results of body composition showed no missing values. Grip strength, MRC score, HADS, MMSE, SF-36, and IESR had missing values of less than 4%. Among the patients, 22.32% and 27.6% reported being unable to complete the SPPB and 6MWD assessments, respectively. As per prior criteria, their measurement values were recorded as 0. GLMM's capability to handle missing values eliminated the requirement for specific treatment of missing values in the concluding indicator section. Consequently, missing values for both primary and secondary outcome measures were not imputed in our study.