2.5. Observation Indicators
hematoma, nerve injury, bleeding
HEMATOMA, COMPLICATIONS, BLEEDING
The following indicators were observed: (1) the number of successful puncture cases after 1, 2, and 3 punctures, (2) the time from the initial puncture to the successful insertion of the guide wire, (3) the number of puncture times (when the needle tip retreated or changed the direction of entry, the needle was recorded as one time), (4) the one-time puncture success rate, (5) the total puncture success rate, and (6) complications (e.g., incorrect arterial entry, hematoma, bleeding, and nerve injury).