Participants
uveitis, acute ocular disease, infection, miosis, glaucoma, keratoconus, ocular diseases
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, CORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL DYSTROPHY, DISEASES, UVEITIS, INFECTION, MIOSIS, KERATOCONUS, GLAUCOMA, BILATERAL CATARACTS, EYE, EXFOLIATION SYNDROME
This investigator-initiated prospective comparative study was approved by the local Certified Review Board (Shinanozaka Clinic/Hattori Clinic CRBs, Tokyo, Japan) and registered with the Japan Registry for Clinical Research (identifier: jRCTs032210305). This study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and Clinical Trials Act of Japan (Act No. 16, 2017). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of multifocal IOLs were recruited from Fujita Eye Clinic (Tokushima, Japan), Mikawa Eye Clinic (Saga, Japan), and Tokyo Dental College Suidobashi Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). The inclusion criteria were age 60–79 years and a target refraction of emmetropia. Patients with other ocular diseases influencing visual function (e.g., uveitis, acute ocular disease, external/internal infection, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, exfoliation syndrome, pathological miosis, keratoconus, corneal endothelial dystrophy, and weak zonules), a history of intraocular or corneal surgery, or other systemic or ophthalmic diseases unsuitable for this study were excluded.