Data sources
MAY
The primary data source was the annual household surveys conducted at baseline (December 2016–January 2017), and at approximately 12 months (February–March 2018), 24 months (March–May 2019) and 36 months (February–April 2020) of the intervention period. The surveys included geographical coordinates at the entrance to a family compound, a household roster and modules on household characteristics including assets, which were administered to the female head of household or another household member at least 18 years of age. For some household characteristics such as floor and wall materials, etc, the interviewer also observed and made notes in the household roster. The surveys included a module for eligible women to collect information about care received during the most recent pregnancy, among other topics such as sociodemographics, contraceptive use, birth history, child health and service utilisation.CHWs mobile application-based monitoring data, collected throughout the trial, was a second source of data for this analysis. The application was prepopulated using the baseline census data, including individual unique identifiers and demographic information, which allowed the CHWs to access the records in their service delivery zone. During each encounter with a patient, the CHW identified the individual or registered newborns, new patients, before selecting the appropriate form in the application for the specific health concern. Thereafter, the CHWs registered the services they provided. From the CHW mobile application data, we extracted the services provided to pregnant women and counted all ANC contacts to supplement information from the survey data. Pregnancies were counted if a CHW recorded it in the pregnancy diagnosis of the women or recorded it as a community-based or facility-based ANC visit. To limit the risk of inaccurate reporting and as part of their supervision protocol, dedicated CHW supervisors visited households in each CHW catchment area monthly and enquired patients about CHW services.