Perioperative management
anaemia, fever, palpitations, dizziness, intramedullary nailing system (Xiamen Dabo), shortness of breath
ANAEMIA, BLOOD
All procedures were performed by the same experienced surgeon, and the anesthesiologist decided whether to use general or spinal anaesthesia without the use of tourniquets. In all patients, the implant used was the infrapatellar approach intramedullary nailing system (Xiamen Dabo) provided by the same manufacturer.None of the patients included in the study used TXA from the time of hospitalization until the day before surgery. For Intravenous, the effective concentration of tranexamic acid typically falls between 10 and 20 mg/ml. A loading dose is typically administered before, or at the start of, surgery, followed by maintenance doses. For localized use, such as in the case of tranexamic acid use for hemostasis during orthopaedic surgery, the concentration can be as high as 50–100 mg/ml [Blood transfusions were performed according to the guidelines for perioperative blood transfusion management issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health. A blood transfusion was recommended according to the following guidelines: (1) hemoglobin concentration < 70 g/l and (2) haemoglobin concentration < 80 g/l, poor tolerance to anaemia, or anaemia-related symptoms, such as dizziness, fever, palpitations, and shortness of breath.