Sample calculation
The following input parameters under a family, two-tailed t-test, aiming to test the difference between means between two independent groups, were used to estimate the sample size for this quasi-experiment: the probability of alpha error of 0.05, power of 0.80, minimum detectable effect size Cohen’s d of 0.6 (mean effect size), and an allocation ratio of 1:1. Under such parameters, a sample size of at least 45 FLACS vs. 45 PHACO would at least be needed.