4. Discussion
dysbiosis improves gastrointestinal adverse, CRC, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, gastrointestinal pathological injuries, dysbiosis, gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Growing clinical and animal studies have evidenced that chemotherapeutic drugs can cause various side effects during anticancer treatment periods, including the destruction of the immune system, the induction of gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, as well as the injuries of physiological functions [To date, many publications have reported the promising preventive strategy of probiotics in decreasing the incidence of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal complications in CRC patients [It is proposed that the gastrointestinal pathological injuries following chemotherapy-based treatment may cause dysbiosis of gut microbiota, as indicated by an increase in harmful microbial populations and a decrease in beneficial species, thereby leading to the incidence of systemic adverse effects. Specifically, the bacterial diversity of CRC patients following anticancer treatment seemed to be lower than that of nontreated patients, as indicated by the downregulation of Chao1 index, yet no statistical difference was detected [Interestingly, applying probiotics to intervene in anticancer therapy-induced gut dysbiosis improves gastrointestinal adverse effects and has achieved significant effects [Furthermore, specific changes in the gut metabolome have been presented in CRC subjects who underwent antitumor treatments, particularly in SCFAs [There are some limitations to this study. The study design and data analysis did not take into account the influence of gut microbiome heterogeneity caused by individual differences on the experimental results. For instance, it was unclear whether there was a difference in the gut microbiota between these two groups after randomization. Although it has been demonstrated that probiotic intervention perioperatively or postoperatively could restore surgery-induced gut dysbiosis in CRC patients [