Introduction
cognitive decline
ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)
Aging is a risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD), of which cognitive decline is a primary symptom. Despite ongoing pharmacological research, treatments to prevent or delay cognitive decline have yet to produce clinically meaningful results.Nonpharmacological interventions such as mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs; therapeutic approaches aimed at promoting attentional and emotional self-regulation, and fostering nonjudgemental awarenessNon-native language learning has also been posited as a promising intervention for enhancing cognition. However, research in older adults is sparse, with a systematic review identifying 9 studies, of which just 4 were RCTs.Meditation and non-native language training have been theorized to affect cognition via distinct and partially overlapping mechanisms. For instance, both could enhance attention and executive function through increased cognitive control,