Introduction
trauma
INSULIN RESISTANCE
Surgical trauma and anesthesia factors can inevitably induce postoperative insulin resistance (IR) [Preoperative oral carbohydrates (POC) treatment at least 2–3 h before surgery, as one of the important parts of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), has been proved to bring perioperative benefits and promote recovery for patients [Previous research showed that antrum ultrasonography can accurately measure the quality and quantity of gastric contents [