Metabolomic and lipidomic changes associated with maternal hyperglycaemia
hyperglycaemia
HYPERGLYCAEMIA
Maternal TAR was associated with multiple changes in the maternal metabolome on adjusted analysis (Fig. Associations between individual metabolites in maternal blood in association with maternal hyperglycaemia in trimesters 1, 2 and 3, measured as TAR on CGM. For analysis of the maternal metabolome, the graphs show results adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity (European/non-European), parity (primiparous/multiparous), highest educational qualification and neonatal sex (Model 2). Only metabolites meeting Maternal TAR at 24 weeks was negatively associated with 1,5-AG (Coeff −1.94 [−2.76, −1.11]), docosahexaenoylcholine, β-cryptoxanthin (Coeff −2.09 [−2.98, −1.20]), and PC(18:1/22:6) (Coeff −1.61 [−2.47, −0.76]). There were positive associations with monosaccharide derivatives, tartarate (Coeff 2.47 [1.02, 3.92]), with 2-hydroxyglutarate (structurally related to ketoglutarate [tricarboxylic acid cycle]), and fibrinopeptide A, γ-tocopherol/β-tocopherol and Maternal TAR at 34 weeks showed negative associations with six choline species (for example, docosahexaenoylcholine, Coeff −2.14 [−3.17, −1.11]) and 1,5-AG (Coeff −2.08 [−3.28, −0.89]). There were positive associations with monosaccharides and derivatives (for example, glucose Coeff 2.68 [1.57, 3.79]), 10-undecenoate, 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate, γ-tocopherol/β-tocopherol, PC(18:1/18:3), PE(18:0/18:3) and 18 individual TAGs (containing 52–54 carbons and 0–3 double bonds; NEFAs 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 were prominent).Maternal TAR at 12, 24 and 34 weeks demonstrated associations with cord blood metabolites (Fig. Associations between individual metabolites in cord blood in association with maternal hyperglycaemia in trimesters 1, 2 and 3, measured as TAR on CGM. For analysis of the cord blood metabolome, the graphs show results adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity (European/non-European), parity (primiparous/multiparous), highest educational qualification, neonatal sex, gestational age at birth, Caesarean delivery and antenatal steroid use (Model 2). Only metabolites meeting 