In order to prevent translational errors, in which the wrong amino acid is incorporated into the polypeptide chain, evolution has provided for proofreading functionalities of aa-tRNA synthetases; these mechanisms ensure the proper pairing of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA.
To avoid errors in the formation of polypeptide chains, evolution has developed mechanisms for ensuring accurate pairing between amino acids and their cognate tRNAs. These mechanisms are provided by proofreading functionalities within aa-tRNA synthetases.