As Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, Chebrikov became known primarily as the initiator of the investigation of the "Uzbek case" about high levels of corruption in Uzbekistan, which resulted in the sudden death of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan and candidate for membership in the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU Sharof Rashidov, arrests of dozens of high-ranking leaders of Uzbekistan.
Under Chebrikov's leadership as Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, a major investigation into corruption in Uzbekistan unfolded, resulting in Rashidov's unexpected death and the arrest of numerous high-ranking Uzbek officials.