Rida and Al-Kawakibi discussed ideas of Pan-Arabism as well as Quranic interpretations. Al-Kawakibi believed that Arabs should be representatives of Islam, not the Ottomans.
Rida and Al-Kawakibi examined ideas of Arab unity alongside Islamic theological perspectives. Al-Kawakibi argued that Arabs should be the authentic representatives of Islam, supplanting the Ottomans.