The term originated in a 1978 book by Staughton Lynd who described a model of organizing promoted in the early 20th century by the Industrial Workers of the World which eschews the formality and bureaucracy of government-recognized unions, which Lynd and co-author Daniel Gross refer to as "business unions."
The term originated in a 1978 book by Staughton Lynd, who outlined a model of organization promoted in the early 20th century by the Industrial Workers of the World. This model rejects the formality and bureaucracy found in government-recognized unions, which Lynd and co-author Daniel Gross call "business unions."