Other possible causes include gout, sarcoidosis, CREST syndrome, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use disorder, uremia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Some cases are idiopathic, though these may be caused by trauma that the patient does not remember.
Besides gout, sarcoidosis, CREST syndrome, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use disorder, uremia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, other potential causes of this condition include idiopathic cases which might be triggered by unknown trauma.