In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) most inhabitants of the eastern parts of Chełm Land were of Ruthenian and Polish origin while the majority of ethnic Poles lived in its western areas. Chełm Land also had Jewish, Armenian and Wallachian minorities. In the second half of the 16th century, the population of Chełm Land was app.
During the period of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795), the eastern regions of Chełm Land were inhabited mainly by people of Ruthenian and Polish ancestry, while the western areas were home to a majority of ethnic Poles. The land also had significant Jewish, Armenian, and Wallachian minority groups. By the mid-16th century, the population of Chełm Land was largely comprised.