Thus, it is termed "dysfunctional" as it indicates the inherent dysfunction of both mass media and social media during controversial incidents and events. The theory assumes that it is not in the best interests of people to form a social mass that is politically apathetic and inert.
This concept is characterized as "ineffective" since it implies that mass media and social media are unable to effectively promote a socially apathetic and inert collective, highlighting their inherent shortcomings during contentious incidents and events.