degree in radio engineering from the Moscow Mining University in 1967 and his Ph.D. (1981) and his postdoctoral lecture qualification (1997) in radar astronomy from the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Science in Moscow.
In 1967, he received a degree in radio engineering from Moscow Mining University; subsequently, he obtained his Ph.D. in 1981 and postdoctoral lecture qualification in radar astronomy in 1997 from the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Science in Moscow.