Hard engineering, also called shoreline armoring, comes with other ecological effects on top of habitat loss and increased surface runoff. Structures that are built between land and sea are usually made of material not native to shoreline ecosystems.
Hard engineering, also known as shoreline armoring, causes ecological damage in addition to habitat destruction and increased water flow. These structures, which are placed between land and the ocean, are often made of materials that don't belong to the natural environment of the shoreline.