degree in 1986 and a Ph.D. degree in 1988, both in sociology from Kent State University in Ohio. In 1994, she was awarded an honorary D.H.L. degree by Jacksonville University.
In 1986, she received her degree and a Ph.D. in sociology from Kent State University in Ohio. In 1994, she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humanities (D.H.L.) degree by Jacksonville University.