Note. The wing pattern in Parnassius species is inconsistent and the very many subspecies and forms make identification problematic and uncertain. Structural characters derived from the genitalia, wing venation, sphragis and foretibial epiphysis are more, but not entirely reliable.
The variability of wing patterns in Parnassius species makes identification tricky due to the numerous subspecies and forms, which can lead to uncertainty. However, certain structural characteristics, such as those from the genitalia and foretibial epiphysis, provide more reliable information.