This visit to European centres was to prove important because he maintained links particularly with German, Austrian and Swiss surgeons, keeping up to date with their literature. He had training in ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London before becoming house surgeon under Professor Thomas Annandale (1838–1907) in Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and then house surgeon under Sir William Macewen (1848–1924) in Glasgow Royal Infirmary.
This visit to European centers was significant because he maintained connections, particularly with German, Austrian, and Swiss surgeons, staying current on their publications. He received ophthalmology training at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London before becoming a house surgeon under Professor Thomas Annandale (1838–1907) at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and then a house surgeon under Sir William Macewen (1848–1924) at Glasgow Royal Infirmary.