These men realized after a series of International Symposia on Underwater Physiology, initiated by the University of Pennsylvania and the Office of Naval Research that there was a need to stimulate in the field of undersea medicine. This group consisted of diving and aerospace Dr's Edward L. Beckman, Jack L. Kinsey, Christian J. Lambertsen, Walter F. Mazzone, Earl H. Ninow, and Robert D. Workman.
These individuals became aware after a series of International Symposia on Underwater Physiology, sponsored by the University of Pennsylvania and the Office of Naval Research, that there was an urgent need to stimulate growth in the field of undersea medicine. This group included diving and aerospace physicians Edward L. Beckman, Jack L. Kinsey, Christian J. Lambertsen, Walter F. Mazzone, Earl H. Ninow, and Robert D. Workman.