TIRAP (TIR domain containing adaptor protein) is an adapter molecule associated with toll-like receptors. The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Different TLRs recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all TLRs have a Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is responsible for signal transduction.
A protein called TIRAP, containing the TIR domain, serves as an adapter molecule connected to toll-like receptors. The innate immune system detects microbial pathogens through these receptors, which identify specific molecular patterns associated with microbes. Different types of TLRs recognize distinct molecular patterns and all share a common TIR domain that triggers signal transmission.