As a result, the Page Law responded to "what were believed to be serious threats to white values, lives, and futures." California state laws could not exclude women for being Chinese, so they were crafted as regulations of public morals, but the laws were still struck down as "impermissible encroachment on federal immigration power."
The Page Law was a response to perceived threats to white values, lives, and futures. California laws prohibiting women of Chinese descent were crafted as regulations of public morals but were ultimately deemed "impermissible interference with federal immigration authority."