GDF2 activate JNK in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). GDF2 also triggers p38 and ERK activation who will modulate de Smad pathway, p38 increase the phosphorylation of Smad 1,5,8 by GDF2 whereas ERK has the opposite effect.
GDF2 activates JNK during osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). Simultaneously, GDF2 triggers p38 and ERK activation. These pathways modulate the Smad pathway; specifically, P38 increases phosphorylation of Smad 1,5,8 by GDF2, while ERK has an opposing effect.