Other homosexual male relations during early colonial times included love affairs, prostitution, rape, and sexual brutality. Marc Epprecht stated that many Zimbabweans believed that homosexuality was un-African, caused by a disease introduced by white settlers from Europe.
During early colonial times, other homosexual male relationships involved romantic encounters, prostitution, rape, and acts of sexual violence.  Marc Epprecht argued that many Zimbabweans viewed homosexuality as foreign to African culture, attributing it to a European-introduced illness.