Taxon sampling in molecular phylogenetic studies has never been sufficient to test the monophyly of the Viticoideae, but it is generally thought to be an unnatural group. The subfamily is probably diphyletic, with Premna, Gmelina, and Cornutia constituting one clade, and with Vitex, Petitia, Pseudocarpidium, and Teijsmanniodendron constituting the other.
Molecular phylogenetic studies have not provided sufficient evidence to confirm the monophyly of Viticoideae, a subfamily that is generally considered artificial.  It is believed to be diphyletic, with Premna, Gmelina, and Cornutia forming one clade, while Vitex, Petitia, Pseudocarpidium, and Teijsmanniodendron form another.