Also, the downstream TGF-beta/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, which includes Smad1 and Smad2/3, were attenuated along with Smad-dependent gene transcription. Another result in this study was that both Smad1/5/8-dependent inhibitor of DNA binding 1 expression and Smad2/3-dependent plasminogen activator inhibitor I had a reduction in expression and cell proliferation.
The downstream TGF-beta/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, including Smad1 and Smad2/3, was suppressed along with the transcription of genes regulated by these proteins. Another result of this study showed that both Smad1/5/8-dependent inhibitor of DNA binding 1 expression and Smad2/3-dependent plasminogen activator inhibitor I were downregulated, leading to reduced cell proliferation.