This causes the transfer of Dy particles from magnetic material on to the apex of the tip. The width of the domain wall is calculated as where  is exchange stiffness. The magnetic contrast is enhanced due to the presence of electronic states that are not occupied in the cluster of Dy atoms present on the apex of the tip.
The transfer of Dy particles from magnetic material to the tip's summit results in enhanced magnetic contrast, which is attributed to unoccupied electronic states within a cluster of Dy atoms located at the tip's apex. The domain wall's width is determined by the equation , where  represents exchange stiffness.