The larvae of the different families have varying lifestyles, from free-living to case-making, but all construct cases in their final larval instar for pupation or at an earlier instar as a precocial pupation behavior. Although recognized under some phylogenies, molecular analysis has shown this group is likely not monophyletic.
Larvae of different families exhibit diverse lifestyles, ranging from free-living to case-making, but all construct cases in their final larval stage for pupation or at an earlier stage as precocial pupation behavior. Although recognized within certain phylogenetic classifications, molecular analysis suggests that this group is likely not a single evolutionary lineage.