Differing with Löwith, he did not criticize eschatology as such, but rather the immanentization which he described as a "pneumopathological" deformation. Voegelin's gnosticism thesis became popular in American neo-conservative and cold war political thought. The category of gnosticism has been adopted by other scholars to frame several revolutionary phenomena (such as Bolshevism and Nazism, Puritanism, radical Anabaptism, Jacobinism, and lastly Salafi-Jihadism).
Voegelin's work on gnosticism gained traction in American neo-conservative and Cold War political thought. The concept of gnosticism has been used to analyze various revolutionary movements, including those associated with Bolshevism, Nazism, Puritanism, radical Anabaptism, Jacobinism, and Salafi-Jihadism.