Seeds may be consumed by the larvae of eurytomid wasps.The fruits and the seeds of Rhus species are generally dispersed by birds and mammals, and in the related Rhus integrifolia, many animals even dispersed fruits before they fell off the shrub. The larvae of the eurytomid wasps may predate up to 50% of the fallen seeds in the wild, with a singular larvae consuming the seed by entering, eating the entire interior, leaving an exit hole upon departure, which may be noticeable.
The larvae of eurytomid wasps may consume up to 50% of fallen seeds in the wild, while birds and mammals generally disperse fruits and seeds of Rhus species. In the case of Rhus integrifolia, many animals even disperse fruits before they fall from the shrub. A single larva might eat an entire seed by entering it, leaving a hole upon exiting.