These also give an intuitive understanding of the qualitative behavior of the circuit, characterizing it using terms such as gain, phase shift, resonant frequency,  bandwidth,  Q factor, poles, and zeros. The analysis of a linear circuit can often be done by hand using a scientific calculator.
These concepts offer an intuitive grasp of how a circuit functions, utilizing terms like gain, phase shift, resonant frequency, bandwidth, Q factor, poles, and zeros to characterize its behavior.  Linear circuit analysis can often be done by hand using a scientific calculator.