degree from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1949. He then went on to do his internship at Johns Hopkins Hospital and his residency in general and thoracic surgery at the Bellevue and Presbyterian Hospitals of Columbia University. He was an assistant in surgeon at Columbia University until 1957, when he moved to Oregon—having been enticed, in part, by the Oregon Heart Association's promises to help fund his research and to take him salmon fishing.
Degree from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1949. He subsequently pursued his internship at Johns Hopkins Hospital and his residency in general and thoracic surgery at the Bellevue and Presbyterian Hospitals of Columbia University. He served as an assistant surgeon at Columbia University until 1957, when he relocated to Oregon—lured, in part, by the Oregon Heart Association's commitments to support his research and to engage him in salmon fishing.