Ionospheric HF pump facilities need to be sufficiently powerful to provide the possibility for plasma turbulence studies, although any radio wave that propagates in the ionosphere affects it by heating the electrons. That radio waves affect the ionosphere was discovered already in the 1930s with the Luxemburg effect.
The strength of ionospheric HF pump facilities is essential for conducting plasma turbulence studies because any radio wave that passes through the ionosphere heats electrons, affecting it. The influence of radio waves on the ionosphere was discovered in the 1930s with the Luxemburg effect.