By far the most important cause is cigarette smoking, which contributes to approximately one-half of the disease burden. Chemical exposure, such as those sustained by workers in the petroleum industry, the manufacture of paints and pigments (e.g., aniline dyes), and agrochemicals are known to predispose one to urothelial cancer.
The most significant contributor to this condition is cigarette smoking, which accounts for roughly half of the overall burden. Exposure to chemicals in industries such as oil refining, paint production, and agricultural chemical handling also increases the risk of developing urothelial cancer.