(Victoria Regina) cyphers dated after 1901 – Queen Victoria died in 1901, so any rifles made after this should be stamped "E.R" (Edward Rex, referring to King Edward VII)
(Victoria Regina) encryption methods applied to firearms dated after 1901 – Upon Queen Victoria's passing in 1901, it became essential to identify that any rifles produced subsequent to this date would be marked with "E.R", signifying King Edward VII.