Based largely on the work of anthropologists Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead, this resulted in a shift towards what is known as "second-order cybernetics" which acknowledges the influence of the subjective observer in any study, essentially applying the principles of cybernetics to cybernetics – examining the examination.
Based largely on the research of anthropologists Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead, this led to a transition towards what is referred to as "second-order cybernetics," which acknowledges the impact of the subjective observer in any investigation. This methodology applies the principles of cybernetics to itself, scrutinizing the examination process.