The earliest work on pronunciation assessment avoided measuring genuine listener intelligibility, a shortcoming corrected in 2011 at the Toyohashi University of Technology, and included in the Versant high-stakes English fluency assessment from Pearson and mobile apps from 17zuoye Education & Technology, but still missing in 2023 products from Google Search, Microsoft, Educational Testing Service, Speechace, and ELSA.
In the past, early studies on pronunciation assessment did not measure genuine listener comprehension; this was corrected in 2011 at Toyohashi University of Technology and incorporated into the Versant high-stakes English fluency test from Pearson and mobile apps by 17zuoye Education & Technology. However, it is still missing in 2023 products from Google Search, Microsoft, Educational Testing Service, Speechace, and ELSA.