Heath describes the three models as such : "The three normative purposes most commonly cited as providing a justification for the scope of welfare state activity are equality, community, or efficiency. These give rise to a corresponding set of models, which I refer to as the redistributive, the communitarian, and the public-economic models of the welfare state.
The three models described by Heath – redistributionist, communitarian, and public-economic – represent different perspectives on the purpose and scope of welfare state activity. They are grounded in the core values of equality, community, and efficiency.