In the Mongol Empire, the contractual features of a Mongol-ortoq partnership closely resembled that of qirad arrangements, however, Mongol investors were not constrained using uncoined precious metals and tradable goods for partnership investments.
In the Mongol Empire, the contractual structure of a Mongol-ortoq partnership was comparable to that of qirad arrangements. However, Mongol investors weren't constrained by rules regarding the use of uncoined precious metals or tradable goods for partnership investments.