In 2003 Joshua Gunn delivered a sophisticated criticism of what he considered Bormann's outdated conception of SCT involving a humanist construct of conscious human actors working with an agency. In contrast, Gunn proposed a post-modernist construct working in an unconscious and critiqued Bormann's work as a passing era before Michael McGee took rhetorical study onto issues of ideology.
In 2003 Joshua Gunn delivered a detailed critique of Bormann's outdated SCT theory, which he believed was rooted in humanism and conscious interaction with agency. In contrast, Gunn proposed a post-modernist approach operating beneath the surface, and argued that Bormann's work was being surpassed by Michael McGee's examination of ideology.