During the 1988 Jackson presidential campaign, Murray Edelman, a veteran election poll analyst for news organizations and a former president of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, found the race of the pollster conducting the interview to be a factor in the discrepancy. Edelman's research showed white voters to be more likely to indicate support for Jackson when asked by a black interviewer than when asked by a white interviewer.
During the 1988 Jackson presidential campaign, Murray Edelman, an election poll analyst and former leader in public opinion research, discovered that the race of the interviewers played a role in voter responses. His study showed that black voters were more likely to support Jackson when questioned by a black interviewer compared to a white one.