Neoclassicism continued to be a major force in academic art through the 19th century and beyond— a constant antithesis to Romanticism or Gothic revivals— although from the late 19th century on it had often been considered anti-modern, or even reactionary, in influential critical circles. By the mid-19th century, several European cities - notably St Petersburg, Athens, Berlin and Munich - were transformed into veritable museums of Neoclassical architecture. By comparison, the Greek revival in France was never popular with either the State or the public.
Classicism persisted as a dominant force in academic art throughout the 19th century and beyond, serving as a counterpoint to Romanticism or Gothic revivals. However, from the late 19th century on, it was often viewed as anti-modern or reactionary by influential critics.