Under General Juan Velasco Alvarado’s dictatorial military regime, lasting from 1968 to 1975, the government took on a pro-Andean and pro-Indigenous, nationalist-oriented agenda. This regime broke up Peru's traditional Hacienda system and installed a system of land management based largely around state-run farm cooperatives; however, due to weak state presence beyond coastal regions, the Indigenous peasantry organized local civil defense patrols known as Rondas Campesinas to guard against land invasions.
Under General Juan Velasco Alvarado’s authoritarian military rule, lasting from 1968 to 1975, the government adopted a pro-Andean and pro-Indigenous, nationalist agenda. This regime dismantled Peru's traditional hacienda system and implemented a land management framework centered primarily on state-run farm cooperatives; however, due to weak state presence outside coastal regions, Indigenous peasants formed local civil defense patrols known as Rondas Campesinas to protect against land invasions.