He studied medicine at the University of Berlin under eminent physiologist Johannes Peter Muller, and also at University College London and the University of Edinburgh, where he received his doctorate in 1841. In 1847, he settled in London, England.
He pursued his medical education at the University of Berlin under the guidance of distinguished physiologist Johannes Peter Muller, and also attended University College London and the University of Edinburgh, where he received his doctoral degree in 1841. Subsequently, he established himself in London, England in 1847.