When the case was decided, Article 149(1) of the Constitution, which protects the validity of anti-subversion laws notwithstanding inconsistencies with specified fundamental liberties, did not cover inconsistencies with Article 12.
When the case was decided, Article 149(1) of the Constitution, which safeguards the validity of anti-subversion laws regardless of conflicts with certain fundamental liberties, did not encompass conflicts with Article 12.