If Cologne remained true to the Catholic cause the merit is principally due to the provincial of the Carmelites. As the leader of the lower clergy he protested against the heretical tendencies of Archbishop Hermann von Wied, who since 1536 had favoured the Reformers.
If Cologne adhered to Catholicism, the credit for its success is primarily attributed to the actions of the Carmelites' provincial, who opposed the heretical tendencies of Archbishop Hermann von Wied, a supporter of the Reformation.