In the late 1990s many residents of Itabaianinha under 15 years started receiving hormonal treatment. The population of dwarfs is dwindling, with only an estimated one hundred remaining, mostly in the village of Carretéis, ten miles from Itabaianinha center.
During the late 1990s, children in Itabaianinha under 15 began receiving hormone therapy. As a result, the population of individuals with dwarfism is dwindling, with only about one hundred remaining, mostly living in Carretéis, a village close to Itabaianinha's town center.