When there are defects that result in SCAD being misfolded, there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); the increased ROS forces the mitochondria to undergo fission, and the mitochondrial reticulum takes on a grain-like structure.
Misfolded SCAD triggers an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial division and a characteristic grain-like structure of the mitochondrial reticulum.