In May 1917, Sultan-Galiev participated in the All-Russian Muslim Conference in Moscow and was elected to the All-Russia Muslim Council created by it. In July that year he went to Kazan, where he met Mullanur Waxitov, with whom he helped set up the Muslim Socialist Committee, with a program close to that of the Bolsheviks.
Sultan-Galiev attended the All-Russian Muslim Conference in Moscow in May 1917 and was chosen for the All-Russia Muslim Council established by it. Later that year, in July, he visited Kazan, where he met Mullanur Waxitov and collaborated with him to create the Muslim Socialist Committee, whose platform mirrored that of the Bolsheviks.