Lukyanenko draws on a harsher city subculture  and is closer to Golding's pessimistic outlook in Lord of the Flies, though his skepticism expresses on higher levels of social and inter-cultural interaction, than just descent to savagery.
Lukyanenko draws inspiration from a harsher metropolitan subculture, aligning more closely with Golding's pessimistic outlook in Lord of the Flies. Nevertheless, Lukyanenko's skepticism is focused on higher levels of societal and cross-cultural interaction, rather than solely on the descent into savagery.