Seeds may be consumed by the larvae of eurytomid wasps.The fruits and the seeds of Rhus species are generally dispersed by birds and mammals, and in the related Rhus integrifolia, many animals even dispersed fruits before they fell off the shrub. The larvae of the eurytomid wasps may predate up to 50% of the fallen seeds in the wild, with a singular larvae consuming the seed by entering, eating the entire interior, leaving an exit hole upon departure, which may be noticeable.
Eurytomid wasp larvae can consume up to 50% of fallen seeds in natural environments. Birds and mammals typically disperse fruits and seeds from Rhus species, with some animals even dispersing fruits before they fall from shrubs like Rhus integrifolia. A single larva might eat an entire seed by entering it, leaving a hole upon exiting.