However, there were also properties that could not be explained, including the non-spherical distribution of charge in certain nuclei. In a 1950 paper, James Rainwater of Columbia University suggested a variant of the drop model of the nucleus that could explain a non-spherical charge distribution. Rainwater's model postulated a nucleus like a balloon with balls inside that distort the surface as they move about.
The non-spherical distribution of charge in certain nuclei was an unexplained phenomenon, and James Rainwater of Columbia University addressed this issue in his 1950 paper. He proposed a model for the nucleus that resembled a balloon with balls inside, which would distort the surface as they moved about.