As Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, Chebrikov became known primarily as the initiator of the investigation of the "Uzbek case" about high levels of corruption in Uzbekistan, which resulted in the sudden death of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan and candidate for membership in the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU Sharof Rashidov, arrests of dozens of high-ranking leaders of Uzbekistan.
Chebrikov's tenure as Chairman of the KGB of the USSR was marked by his role in uncovering a major corruption scandal in Uzbekistan, which ultimately led to Rashidov's death and the arrest of top Uzbek officials.