Thus, Italy lacked machine-guns with the critical qualities of light weight, a high rate of fire, good muzzle velocity, good projectile weight and reliability, while the Soviets, Germans, Americans and Japanese had 12.7 mm calibre automatic ordnance in the Berezin UB, MG 131, Browning M2, and Ho-103 respectively.
As a result, Italy was unable to acquire machine-guns that met the essential criteria of being lightweight, having a high firing rate, achieving good muzzle velocity, possessing adequate projectile weight, and being reliable. In contrast, the Soviets, Germans, Americans, and Japanese had 12.7 mm caliber automatic firearms in their Berezin UB, MG 131, Browning M2, and Ho-103 models.