Upon activation, these proteins mimic a gateway, allowing passage of ions to create an electrochemical gradient between the interior and exterior of the cellular membrane. Ions diffusing outwards across the gradient through proton pumps are then bound to ATP synthase proteins on the cell’s surface.
When activated, these proteins act as a passageway, allowing ions to create a chemical gradient between the inside and outside of the cell membrane. Ions moving outward across this gradient through proton pumps are then linked to ATP synthase proteins on the cell's exterior.