HOWE 1998, argues that a principle implicit in the incompatibilist's argument ‘that abstract paradigms should determine research methods in a one-way fashion—is untenable’. That paradigms must demonstrate their worth in terms of how they inform, and are informed by, research methods that are successfully employed.
HOWE 1998, posits that a fundamental assumption underlying the incompatibilist's argument—that paradigmatic frameworks should dictate research methodologies in a one-way manner—is unfounded. Instead, paradigms must be evaluated based on their capacity to both shape and be shaped by effective research methods.