Good examples for such processes are processes governed by the heat equation, that is, diffusion and heat transfer by thermal conduction. SA:V is used to explain the diffusion of small molecules, like oxygen and carbon dioxide between air, blood and cells, water loss by animals, bacterial morphogenesis, organism's thermoregulation, design of artificial bone tissue, artificial lungs  and many more biological and biotechnological structures.
The text highlights the use of SA:V (surface area-to-volume ratio) as a tool for understanding diffusion and heat transfer processes within biological and biotechnological structures. It provides examples like oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion, water loss in animals, bacterial morphogenesis, thermoregulation, artificial bone tissue design, and artificial lung development.