The main ethnolinguistic groups are Arab groups such as the Baggara, generally speaking Chadian Arabic, Bagirmi, Boor, Bua, Gula groups such as the Gula Iro and Zan Gula, Kaba groups (speaking language such as Kaba Deme, Kaba Náà and Kulfa), Laal, Lutos, Ndam, Niellim, Sara, Tumak and Tunia.
The main cultural and linguistic categories encompass Arab groups such as the Baggara, typically speaking Chadian Arabic, Bagirmi, Boor, Bua, Gula groups like the Gula Iro and Zan Gula, Kaba groups (speaking languages such as Kaba Deme, Kaba Náà and Kulfa), Laal, Lutos, Ndam, Niellim, Sara, Tumak and Tunia.