After the outbreak of World War I, and especially after the re-establishment of the Polish and Lithuanian national states, members of the Krajowcy were hard-pressed to hold onto their dual self-identification and had to declare their loyalty to one country or the other.
The passage describes the challenges faced by individuals who identified as "Krajowcy" during World War I, particularly after the restoration of Polish and Lithuanian national states. They were forced to choose between loyalty to Poland or Lithuania due to their dual citizenship status.