A classification of phytotelmata by Kitching (2000) recognizes five principal types: bromeliad tanks, certain carnivorous plants such as pitcher plants, water-filled tree hollows, bamboo internodes, and axil water (collected at the base of leaves, petals or bracts); it concentrated on food webs.
Kitching (2000) classified phytotelmata into five types: bromeliad tanks, pitcher plants, water-filled tree hollows, bamboo internodes, and axil water.