The last three essays argue against a popular early 1990s philosophy that espoused Western triumphalism, and the essays dispute the "end of history" theory propounded at the time by former neoconservative scholar Francis Fukuyama.
Three recent essays challenge a widely held belief from the early 1990s that emphasized Western exceptionalism, and they dispute the idea of history's conclusion as presented by former neoconservative scholar Francis Fukuyama.