Orienteering, or compass navigation, is a matter of training, practice and familiarity with the use of underwater compasses, combined with various techniques for reckoning distance underwater, including kick cycles (one complete upward and downward sweep of a kick), time, air consumption and occasionally by actual measurement.
Navigating underwater requires a combination of training, experience, and proficiency in utilizing navigation tools, such as compasses, along with techniques for estimating distances while submerged, including kicking patterns, timing, oxygen usage, and sometimes actual measurements.