In all likelihood he was already duke under Desiderius, notwithstanding some Frankish sources, such as the Einhardis annales, who say that Charlemagne put him in power after the Siege of Pavia.
In all probability, he was already duke under Desiderius, despite some Frankish sources, such as the Einhardis annales, which claim that Charlemagne placed him in power after the Siege of Pavia.