Sultan Mahmud al-Muktafi Billah Shah succeeded his father in 1979 and ruled Terengganu until 1989 where it then passed to his son, Sultan Zainal Abidin in 1998.
Sultan Mahmud al-Muktafi Billah Shah ascended to the throne in 1979 and governed Terengganu for eleven years before passing it on to his son, Sultan Zainal Abidin, in 1998.