β-bulges can be grouped according to their length of the disruption, the number of residues inserted into each strand, whether the disrupted β-strands are parallel or antiparallel and by their dihedral angles (which controls the placement of their side chains).
β-bulges can be classified based on their disruption length, the number of residues inserted into each strand, whether the disrupted β-strands are in a parallel or antiparallel configuration, and by their dihedral angles (which affect the positioning of their side chains).