In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) most inhabitants of the eastern parts of Chełm Land were of Ruthenian and Polish origin while the majority of ethnic Poles lived in its western areas. Chełm Land also had Jewish, Armenian and Wallachian minorities. In the second half of the 16th century, the population of Chełm Land was app.
In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795), the eastern parts of Chełm Land were predominantly inhabited by people of Ruthenian and Polish ancestry, while the western areas had a majority of ethnic Poles. The land also had notable minority groups, including Jewish, Armenian, and Wallachian communities. By the mid-16th century, the population structure of Chełm Land was characterized.