The Śramaṇa religions challenged and broke with the Brahmanic tradition on core assumptions such as Atman (soul, self), Brahman, the nature of afterlife, and they rejected the authority of the Vedas and Upanishads.
The Śramaṇa religions presented a distinct perspective on core beliefs within Hinduism by questioning the Brahmanic tradition's assumptions about the soul (Atman), the ultimate reality (Brahman), the nature of death and rebirth, and the authority of sacred texts like the Vedas and Upanishads.