In the case of first degree murder under section 231(5) of the Criminal Code (the offence of domination), a jury must also consider the additional R v Harbottle "a substantial causation" standard, but only after finding the accused guilty of murder.
When dealing with first-degree murder as outlined in section 231(5) of the Criminal Code (domination-related offenses), a jury must assess the R v Harbottle "substantial causation" criterion only after confirming the guilt of murder.