He served a sentence for burglary at Sing Sing prison in New York before appearing in the South African Republic in 1898. In Johannesburg he operated a network of cafes, cigar shops and police-protected brothels.
A former convict served time for burglary at Sing Sing prison in New York before making his way to the South African Republic in 1898. In Johannesburg, he established a complex of cafes, cigar shops, and regulated brothels.