The pathogen is a Puccinia rust fungus. It is the most prevalent of all the wheat rust diseases, occurring in most wheat-growing regions. It causes serious epidemics in North America, Mexico and South America and is a devastating seasonal disease  in India.
Puccinia rust fungus is the most common cause of wheat rust diseases globally, found across various wheat-growing areas. This pathogen leads to significant epidemics in North America, Mexico, and South America, and it causes severe seasonal damage to crops in India.