There were also great authors of written works pertaining to geography and cartography during the Song, such as Yue Shi (his book in 983), Wang Zhu (in 1051), Li Dechu (in 1080), Chen Kunchen (in 1111), Ouyang Wen (in 1117), and Zhu Mu (in 1240). Although an early form of the local geographic gazetteer existed in China since the 1st century, the matured form known as "treatise on a place", or fangzhi, replaced the old "map guide", or tujing, under the Song. The major differences between the two were that fangzhi were products of local initiative and decision-making, were typically ten to fifty chapters in length, and were almost always printed for a large audience, whereas tujing were products of infrequent demands from the central government and were typically only four chapters long.
During the Song era, prominent authors like Yue Shi (his book in 983), Wang Zhu (in 1051), Li Dechu (in 1080), Chen Kunchen (in 1111), Ouyang Wen (in 1117), and Zhu Mu (in 1240) wrote extensively on geography and cartography. Despite an early form of local geographic gazetteers existing in China since the first century, the Song introduced a more sophisticated version called "treatise on a place", or fangzhi, which replaced the outdated "map guide", or tujing". The key differences were that fangzhi were developed through local efforts and contained ten to fifty chapters, often printed for wide distribution, while tujing were produced infrequently by the central government and consisted of only four chapters.