Under General Juan Velasco Alvarado’s dictatorial military regime, lasting from 1968 to 1975, the government took on a pro-Andean and pro-Indigenous, nationalist-oriented agenda. This regime broke up Peru's traditional Hacienda system and installed a system of land management based largely around state-run farm cooperatives; however, due to weak state presence beyond coastal regions, the Indigenous peasantry organized local civil defense patrols known as Rondas Campesinas to guard against land invasions.
Under General Juan Velasco Alvarado’s authoritarian military leadership from 1968 to 1975, the government pursued a pro-Andean and pro-Indigenous nationalist agenda. This regime altered Peru's traditional hacienda system into a state-run cooperative-based land management structure; however, due to weak state presence in rural areas, Indigenous peasants organized local civil defense patrols known as Rondas Campesinas to safeguard against land invasions.