Much of the refuge has a series of low dikes that help to maintain some areas in a prolonged wetland state, increasing wildlife habitat, especially for migratory bird species. The refuge borders the Nebraska Sandhills, which are a source of water runoff into the early summer.
Many parts of the refuge have low dikes that keep some areas wet for extended periods, creating more habitat for birds, especially those migrating through. The refuge is located near the Nebraska Sandhills, which provide water to the area during the early summer months.