The medal is primarily a civilian award, but it is also awarded to members of the armed forces who perform acts of bravery in non-operational circumstances (given that the New Zealand gallantry awards may only be awarded "while involved in war and warlike operational service (including peacekeeping)".
This medal, while primarily intended for civilians, can also be bestowed upon military personnel who demonstrate courage in non-combat scenarios. However, this award is only applicable to those actively engaged in "warlike operational service," according to the New Zealand gallantry awards framework.