Instead of pursuing efforts to link their fractured society, centralized control of the government stayed in urban areas and reform focused on “reorganizing the bifurcated power forged under colonialism.” Native authorities that operated under indirect rule have not been brought into the mainstream reformation process; instead, development has been “enforced” on the rural peasantry.
Centralized governance did not seek to unify a fragmented society but rather maintained control in urban centers. Reform efforts focused on “reorganizing the divided power from colonial times.” However, native authorities under indirect rule were excluded from the main reform initiatives; instead, development policies were imposed on rural populations.