If Cologne remained true to the Catholic cause the merit is principally due to the provincial of the Carmelites. As the leader of the lower clergy he protested against the heretical tendencies of Archbishop Hermann von Wied, who since 1536 had favoured the Reformers.
If Cologne remained faithful to Catholicism, its success was largely due to the efforts of the Carmelites' provincial.  He led the opposition against Archbishop Hermann von Wied, a supporter of the Reformation, starting in 1536.