Evolution is a mathematical model of a simplified ecosystem of foxes and rabbits using the Lotka–Volterra equations. The logic was that too small a population of rabbits would provide insufficient food for foxes whose numbers would then decline, until too few foxes would result in the rabbit population again increasing, and the cycle would continue.
A theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between two species, foxes and rabbits, is presented through the use of mathematical equations that describe their interactions and population dynamics.