Timeline of the evolutionary history of life
Date Event 2500 Ma Great Oxygenation Event led by cyanobacteria's oxygenic photosynthesis. Commencement of plate tectonics with old marine crust dense enough to subduct. 2000 Ma Diversification and expansion of acritarchs. By 1850 Ma Eukaryotic cells appear. Eukaryotes contain membrane - bound organelles with diverse functions, probably derived from prokaryotes engulfing each other via phagocytosis. (See Symbiogenesis and Endosymbiont). Bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) emerge before, or soon after, the divergence of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages. The appearance of red beds show that an oxidising atmosphere had been produced. Incentives now favoured the spread of eukaryotic life. 1400 Ma Great increase in stromatolite diversity. By 1200 Ma Meiosis and sexual reproduction are present in single - celled eukaryotes, and possibly in the common ancestor of all eukaryotes. Sex may even have arisen earlier in the RNA world. Sexual reproduction first appears in the fossil records; it may have increased the rate of evolution. 800 Ma First multicellular organism may have arisen. 750 Ma First protozoa (ex: Melanocyrillium) 850 -- 630 Ma A global glaciation may have occurred. Opinion is divided on whether it increased or decreased biodiversity or the rate of evolution. 600 Ma The accumulation of atmospheric oxygen allows the formation of an ozone layer. Prior to this, land - based life would probably have required other chemicals to attenuate ultraviolet radiation enough to permit colonisation of the land. 580 -- 542 Ma The Ediacara biota represent the first large, complex multicellular organisms -- although their affinities remain a subject of debate. 580 -- 500 Ma Most modern phyla of animals begin to appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion. 560 Ma Earliest fungi 550 Ma First fossil evidence for Ctenophora (comb jellies), Porifera (sponges), Anthozoa (corals and sea anemones)
Treaty
Treaties sometimes include provisions for self-termination, meaning that the treaty is automatically terminated if certain defined conditions are met. Some treaties are intended by the parties to be only temporarily binding and are set to expire on a given date. Other treaties may self-terminate if the treaty is meant to exist only under certain conditions.[citation needed]
Mr. Darcy
Fitzwilliam Darcy Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet by C.E. Brock (1895) She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me. Full name Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy Gender Male Age 28 Income £10,000 + / year (equivalent to £600,000 in 2016) Primary residence Pemberley, near Lambton, Derbyshire Family Spouse (s) Elizabeth Bennet Romantic interest (s) Elizabeth Bennet Parents Mr. Darcy and Lady Anne Darcy (née Fitzwilliam) Sibling (s) Georgiana Darcy
MP3
The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015.
Andrew Ingraham
Andrew Ingraham (New Bedford, MA, USA, 19 December 1841– Cambridge, MA, USA, 6 August 1905) was Headmaster of Swain School before 1903.
Universal Pictures
Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires.
Federal Assault Weapons Ban
The assault weapons ban expired on September 13, 2004. Legislation to renew or replace the ban was proposed numerous times unsuccessfully.
MP3
The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In most countries, patents cannot be filed after prior art has been made public, and patents expire 20 years after the initial filing date, which can be up to 12 months later for filings in other countries. As a result, patents required to implement MP3 expired in most countries by December 2012, 21 years after the publication of ISO CD 11172.
Qian Yuanguan
Qian Yuanguan (錢元瓘) (November 30, 887 – September 17, 941), born Qian Chuanguan (錢傳瓘), formally King Wenmu of Wuyue (吳越文穆王), courtesy name Mingbao (明寶), was the second king of the state of Wuyue, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China. During his reign, his kingdom was centred on modern Zhejiang. He ascended to the throne in 932, when his father Qian Liu (King Wusu) left the state in his hands, to 941. He was the father to all three of Wuyue's subsequent kings.
List of NFL tied games
No. Date Away team Home team Score Note (s) September 9, 2018 Pittsburgh Steelers (3) Cleveland Browns (2) 21 -- 21 Both Steelers kicker Chris Boswell and Browns kicker Zane Gonzalez missed field goals in the final two minutes of overtime. This was the first Week 1 tie since 1971 and the first tie to be televised on CBS since 1986. This tie ended a 17 - game losing streak for the Browns that dated back to the 2016 season. September 16, 2018 Minnesota Vikings (4) Green Bay Packers (6) 29 -- 29 Packers kicker Mason Crosby made what would have been a game - winning field goal as time expired in regulation, but the Vikings called timeout before the play and Crosby missed his second attempt, sending the game to overtime. Vikings kicker Daniel Carlson missed two field goals in overtime, one as time expired. This was the fourth time since 1974 that two games in the same season finished in ties (the latter three occurrences featuring tie games in consecutive weeks).
The Lady and the Duke
The Lady and the Duke () is a 2001 feature film by French director Éric Rohmer. The film was inspired by "Ma vie sous la révolution", the colourful memoirs of Grace Elliott, an Edinburgh-born royalist caught up in the political intrigue following the French Revolution.
Ma Xifan
Ma Xifan was born in 899, during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang, as the fourth son of the warlord Ma Yin. At that time, Ma Yin had just taken control of Tan Prefecture (in modern Changsha, Hunan) following the assassination of Ma Yin's predecessor Liu Jianfeng, and was not yet fully in control of Wu'an Circuit (武安, headquartered at Tan Prefecture), which would eventually become the central circuit for the Chu state, but was in the process of gradually consolidating his control. Ma Xifan's mother was a Lady Chen, who was Ma Yin's concubine, not his wife — as Ma Yin's first son, Ma Xizhen (馬希振), was said to be born of his wife, who was not named in historical sources. (Lady Chen later bore at least one younger son among Ma Yin's at least 35 sons, Ma Xiguang.) Ma Xifan and his brother, Ma Yin's second son Ma Xisheng, were born on the same day, but Ma Xisheng was born earlier on that day. (Another brother, unnamed in historical sources, was therefore likely born on the same day of a different mother, between Ma Xisheng's and Ma Xifan's births.)
MP3
An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. Patents filed for anything disclosed in ISO CD 11172 a year or more after its publication are questionable. If only the known MP3 patents filed by December 1992 are considered, then MP3 decoding has been patent-free in the US since 22 September 2015 when U.S. Patent 5,812,672 expired which had a PCT filing in October 1992. If the longest-running patent mentioned in the aforementioned references is taken as a measure, then the MP3 technology will be patent-free in the United States on 30 December 2017 when U.S. Patent 5,703,999, held by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and administered by Technicolor, expires.
Early expansions of hominins out of Africa
The oldest hominin sites are in East Africa. The earliest known retouched tools were found in Lomekwi, Kenya, and date back to 3.3 Ma, in the late Pliocene. They might be the product of Australopithecus garhi or Paranthropus aethiopicus, the two known hominins contemporary with the tools.
List of First Ladies of the United States
In 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the First Ladies on the obverse. When a President served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's First Ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's First Lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.
Soledad Román de Núñez
Soledad Román de Núñez (1835-1924) was the first lady of Colombia in 1880-82, 1884–88 and 1892, by her marriage to president Rafael Núñez. She is considered to have wielded a considerable influence in policy and participated in state affairs in Colombia during the presidencies of her spouse more than any other woman in Colombia before her. She is credited with the victory of the government in the conflict of 1885, as well as the concordat of 1887. She was a controversial figure, because her marriage was not recognized by the Catholic church, as the wedding had been civil, as her spouse's first wife was still alive and he was still married to her in the eyes of the Catholic church.
President of India
Article 56 (1) of the constitution provides that the president shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office. According to Article 62, an election to fill a vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of President shall be completed before the expiration of the term. An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held as soon as possible after, and in no case later than six months from, the date of occurrence of the vacancy; and the person elected to fill the vacancy shall, subject to the provisions of Article 56, be entitled to hold office for the full term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office. To meet the contingency of an election to the office of President not being completed in time due to unforeseen circumstances like countermanding of election due to death of a candidate or on account of postponement of the poll for any valid reason, Article 56 (1) (c) provides that the president shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.
MP3
Sisvel S.p.A. and its U.S. subsidiary Audio MPEG, Inc. previously sued Thomson for patent infringement on MP3 technology, but those disputes were resolved in November 2005 with Sisvel granting Thomson a license to their patents. Motorola followed soon after, and signed with Sisvel to license MP3-related patents in December 2005. Except for three patents, the US patents administered by Sisvel had all expired in 2015, however (the exceptions are: U.S. Patent 5,878,080, expires February 2017, U.S. Patent 5,850,456, expires February 2017 and U.S. Patent 5,960,037, expires 9. April 2017.
Lady Ma (Qian Yuanguan's wife)
Lady Ma (馬夫人, personal name unknown) (890-November 28, 939), formally the Lady Gongmu of Wuyue (吳越國恭穆夫人), was a wife of Qian Yuanguan (King Wenmu) (né Qian Chuanguan, name changed to Qian Yuanguan upon his succession to the throne), the second king of the Chinese state Wuyue of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
Extinction event
Period or supereon Extinction Date Possible causes Quaternary Holocene extinction c. 10,000 BCE -- Ongoing Humans Quaternary extinction event 640,000, 74,000, and 13,000 years ago Unknown; may include climate changes, massive volcanic eruptions and human overhunting Neogene Pliocene -- Pleistocene boundary extinction 2 Ma Supernova? Eltanin impact? Middle Miocene disruption 14.5 Ma -- climate change due to change of ocean circulation patterns and perhaps related to the Milankovitch cycles?. Paleogene Eocene -- Oligocene extinction event 33.9 Ma Popigai impactor? Cretaceous Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event 66 Ma Chicxulub impactor; Deccan Traps? Cenomanian - Turonian boundary event 94 Ma Caribbean large igneous province Aptian extinction 117 Ma Jurassic End - Jurassic (Tithonian) extinction 145 Ma Toarcian turnover 183 Ma Karoo - Ferrar Provinces Triassic Triassic -- Jurassic extinction event 201 Ma Central Atlantic magmatic province; impactor Carnian Pluvial Event 230 Ma Wrangellia flood basalts Permian Permian -- Triassic extinction event 252 Ma Siberian Traps; Wilkes Land Crater; Anoxic event End - Capitanian extinction event 260 Ma Emeishan Traps? Olson's Extinction 270 Ma Carboniferous Carboniferous rainforest collapse 305 Ma Devonian Late Devonian extinction 375 -- 360 Ma Viluy Traps Silurian Lau event 420 Ma Changes in sea level and chemistry? Mulde event 424 Ma Global drop in sea level? Ireviken event 428 Ma Deep - ocean anoxia; Milankovitch cycles? Ordovician Ordovician -- Silurian extinction events 450 -- 440 Ma Global cooling and sea level drop; Gamma - ray burst? Cambrian Cambrian -- Ordovician extinction event 488 Ma Dresbachian extinction event 502 Ma End - Botomian extinction event 517 Ma Precambrian End - Ediacaran extinction 542 Ma Great Oxygenation Event 2400 Ma Rising oxygen levels in the atmosphere due to the development of photosynthesis
When did Lady Ma's spouse die?
Lady Ma >> spouse
Qian Yuanguan
On what date did #1 expire?
941