The increase in research and development expenses primarily reflects the following 189 million increase in upfront and milestone expenses primarily due to a 287 million increase of an accrued sublicense fee to Nationwide Childrens Hospital Nationwide and a 30 million expense incurred as a result of a milestone achievement in a research and license agreement during the three months ended June 30 2021 offset by 120 million of upfront payments as a result of the execution of certain research and license agreements during the same period of 2020 166 million increase in manufacturing expenses primarily due to a continuing rampup of the Companys gene therapy programs 98 million increase in clinical trial expenses primarily due to increased patient enrollment for the Companys ESSENCE and MOMENTUM programs as well as certain startup activities for the Companys SRP9001 microdystrophin program 60 million increase in research and other primarily driven by an increase in sponsored research with academic institutions during the three months ended June 30 2021 40 million increase in facility and technologyrelated expenses due to the Companys continuing expansion efforts 32 million increase in preclinical expenses primarily due to an increase of toxicology studies in the Companys PPMO platforms 21 million increase in compensation and other personnel expenses primarily due to a net increase in headcount 17 million increase in stockbased compensation expense primarily driven by increases in headcount and changes in stock price10 million decrease in collaboration cost sharing with Genethon on its microdystrophin drug candidate and 93 million increase in the offset to expense associated with a collaboration reimbursement from Roche primarily due to continuing development of the Companys microdystrophin gene therapy