The Quantum of punishment depends on the circumstances of each case, no straight jacket way to determine punishment: Supreme Court of India
The quantum of sentence, all depends on background facts of the case, antecedents of the accused, whether the assault was premeditated and pre-planned or not, etc. There are no straight jacket formulae for the determination of the same in law. Such an observation was made by the Hon’ble Supreme Court before Hon’ble Justice R. Subhash Reddy &amp; Hon’ble Justice Hrishikesh Roy in the matter of Govindan vs State represented by The Deputy Superintendent of Police [CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1665 OF 2021]. 
The facts that gave rise to the instant appeal were that there was a civil dispute between the complaints and accused relating to a pathway that led to the land of the complainant from the land of the accused. In context, a civil suit was filed by the accused in which an injunction order was passed against the complainants which they violated and had undergone 30 days of civil prison for not abiding by the order. On the day of the incident, there was a quarrel between lady members of the families in which the family members of the accused were hurt, and the accused acted in self-defense and used a knife which resulted in the death of the deceased. The trial court by appreciating oral and documentary evidence on record has recorded a finding that the complainant’s family members were the aggressors and they have tried to disturb the peaceful possession of the accused. The Trial Court also found that the appellant stabbed the deceased, Kamsala with a knife, but there was no premeditation or pre-planning and it was a sudden quarrel and the appellant exercised his right of private defense, but exceeded the limit. The High Court also dismissed the appeal of the accused. Aggrieved the accused preferred the present appeal.

The Hon’ble Supreme Court observed that the Trial Court itself has found that there was a quarrel in front of the house of the accused by the complainant’s family members on the date of the incident. It is also clear from the evidence on record that on the day of occurrence of the incident the dispute was only on account of cart track from the land of the accused to reach the land of the complainant. There was no premeditation or preplanning and it was a sudden quarrel, where the appellant exercised his right of private defense, exceeded the limits.

Additionally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court referred to the case of Lakshmi Chand and Anr. v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2018) 9 SCC 704 &amp; Madhavan and Ors. v. State of Tamil Nadu (2017) 15 SCC 582 wherein this court reduced the sentence on account that the occurrence of the incident had taken place on spur of the moment without any premeditation.

Furthermore, the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that the findings of the trial court that the de facto complainants were the aggressors and they have tried to disturb the peaceful possession of the accused from their land were never challenged or questioned by the state or the complainants and therefore it became final. Having this in mind this is a fit case to modify the sentence, to meet the ends of justice. 

Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court partly allowed the instant appeal and modified the sentence to two years’ rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default to undergo three (03) months’ rigorous imprisonment.
Click Here To Read The Judgment
Judgment Reviewed by: Rohan Kumar Thakur
 The facts that gave rise to the instant appeal were that there was a civil dispute between the complaints and accused relating to a pathway that led to the land of the complainant from the land of the accused. In context, a civil suit was filed by the accused in which an injunction order was passed against the complainants which they violated and had undergone 30 days of civil prison for not abiding by the order. On the day of the incident, there was a quarrel between lady members of the families in which the family members of the accused were hurt, and the accused acted in self-defense and used a knife which resulted in the death of the deceased. The trial court by appreciating oral and documentary evidence on record has recorded a finding that the complainant’s family members were the aggressors and they have tried to disturb the peaceful possession of the accused. The Trial Court also found that the appellant stabbed the deceased, Kamsala with a knife, but there was no premeditation or pre-planning and it was a sudden quarrel and the appellant exercised his right of private defense, but exceeded the limit. The High Court also dismissed the appeal of the accused. Aggrieved the accused preferred the present appeal. 
The Hon’ble Supreme Court observed that the Trial Court itself has found that there was a quarrel in front of the house of the accused by the complainant’s family members on the date of the incident. It is also clear from the evidence on record that on the day of occurrence of the incident the dispute was only on account of cart track from the land of the accused to reach the land of the complainant. There was no premeditation or preplanning and it was a sudden quarrel, where the appellant exercised his right of private defense, exceeded the limits.

Additionally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court referred to the case of Lakshmi Chand and Anr. v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2018) 9 SCC 704 &amp; Madhavan and Ors. v. State of Tamil Nadu (2017) 15 SCC 582 wherein this court reduced the sentence on account that the occurrence of the incident had taken place on spur of the moment without any premeditation.

Furthermore, the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that the findings of the trial court that the de facto complainants were the aggressors and they have tried to disturb the peaceful possession of the accused from their land were never challenged or questioned by the state or the complainants and therefore it became final. Having this in mind this is a fit case to modify the sentence, to meet the ends of justice. 

Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court partly allowed the instant appeal and modified the sentence to two years’ rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default to undergo three (03) months’ rigorous imprisonment.
Click Here To Read The Judgment
Judgment Reviewed by: Rohan Kumar Thakur
 The Hon’ble Supreme Court observed that the Trial Court itself has found that there was a quarrel in front of the house of the accused by the complainant’s family members on the date of the incident. It is also clear from the evidence on record that on the day of occurrence of the incident the dispute was only on account of cart track from the land of the accused to reach the land of the complainant. There was no premeditation or preplanning and it was a sudden quarrel, where the appellant exercised his right of private defense, exceeded the limits. 
Additionally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court referred to the case of Lakshmi Chand and Anr. v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2018) 9 SCC 704 &amp; Madhavan and Ors. v. State of Tamil Nadu (2017) 15 SCC 582 wherein this court reduced the sentence on account that the occurrence of the incident had taken place on spur of the moment without any premeditation.

Furthermore, the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that the findings of the trial court that the de facto complainants were the aggressors and they have tried to disturb the peaceful possession of the accused from their land were never challenged or questioned by the state or the complainants and therefore it became final. Having this in mind this is a fit case to modify the sentence, to meet the ends of justice. 

Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court partly allowed the instant appeal and modified the sentence to two years’ rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default to undergo three (03) months’ rigorous imprisonment.
Click Here To Read The Judgment
Judgment Reviewed by: Rohan Kumar Thakur
 Additionally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court referred to the case of Lakshmi Chand and Anr. v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2018) 9 SCC 704 &amp; Madhavan and Ors. v. State of Tamil Nadu (2017) 15 SCC 582 wherein this court reduced the sentence on account that the occurrence of the incident had taken place on spur of the moment without any premeditation. 
Furthermore, the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that the findings of the trial court that the de facto complainants were the aggressors and they have tried to disturb the peaceful possession of the accused from their land were never challenged or questioned by the state or the complainants and therefore it became final. Having this in mind this is a fit case to modify the sentence, to meet the ends of justice. 

Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court partly allowed the instant appeal and modified the sentence to two years’ rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default to undergo three (03) months’ rigorous imprisonment.
Click Here To Read The Judgment
Judgment Reviewed by: Rohan Kumar Thakur
 Furthermore, the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that the findings of the trial court that the de facto complainants were the aggressors and they have tried to disturb the peaceful possession of the accused from their land were never challenged or questioned by the state or the complainants and therefore it became final. Having this in mind this is a fit case to modify the sentence, to meet the ends of justice.  
Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court partly allowed the instant appeal and modified the sentence to two years’ rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default to undergo three (03) months’ rigorous imprisonment.
Click Here To Read The Judgment
Judgment Reviewed by: Rohan Kumar Thakur
 Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court partly allowed the instant appeal and modified the sentence to two years’ rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default to undergo three (03) months’ rigorous imprisonment.
 SLP(Crl.) No. 938 of 2021 REPORTABLE IN THE CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1665 OF 20 Arising out of SLPNo.938 OF 2021 ...Appellant State represented by The Deputy Superintendent of Police ...Respondent JUDGMENT R. SUBHASH REDDY J. This Appeal is preferred by the sole appellant in Criminal Appeal No.1715 filed before the High Court of Judicature at Madras aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 16.08.2019 By the aforesaid judgment the High Court has confirmed the conviction of the appellant accused no.1 in Sessions Case No.411 on the file of the learned Principal Sessions Judge Dharmapuri by SLP(Crl.) No. 938 of 2021 which the appellant was convicted for offence under Section 304(ii) of IPC and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for ten years and to pay a fine of Rs.5 000 in default to undergo three months rigorous imprisonment The sole appellant was tried along with three other accused persons for offences under Sections 302 r w 34 307 of IPC and Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled TribesAct 1989. The accused nos.2 to 4 were acquitted of all the charges however the appellant alone was convicted for offence under Section 304(ii) of IPC and was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for ten years with a fine of Rs.5 000 The respondent complainant and the accused are having adjoining lands at Kolimekkanur. It is the case of the complainant that there is an existing pathway from the land of the accused to go to the land of the complainant party. A Civil Suit was filed by the appellant in O.S.No.1410 before the Pappireddypatti District Munsif Court and an injunction order was granted in favour of the SLP(Crl.) No. 938 of 2021 appellant. It was the case of the prosecution that on the date of occurrence the accused tried to put a fence so as to block the de facto complainant’s family members using the cart track. On the other hand the case of the appellant accused is that the de facto complainant tried to lay a new cart track from the patta land of the appellant. In view of such dispute about the cart track there was a quarrel in front of the appellant’s house by de facto complainant’s family members. In the said quarrel female family members of the appellant namely Ms.Kaliammal and Ms.Rajammal suffered injuries which provoked the appellant accused Govindan to attack on the deceased and cause knife injuries which resulted in death of the deceased The Trial Court by appreciating oral and documentary evidence on record has recorded a finding that the de facto complainant’s family members were the aggressors and they have tried to disturb the peaceful possession of the accused. The Trial Court also found that the appellant stabbed the deceased Kamsala with a knife but there was no SLP(Crl.) No. 938 of 2021 premeditation or pre planning and it was a sudden quarrel and the appellant exercised his right of private defence but exceeded the limit The High Court while dismissing the Criminal Appeal has observed that when the Civil Suit is pending between the parties and if at all the de facto complainant passed through their patta land the appellant accused should have availed a remedy before the Civil Court but should not have attacked We have heard Mr. S. Nagamuthu learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant and Dr. Joseph Aristotle S. learned counsel appearing for the State of Tamil Nadu This Court by order dated 29.01.2021 issued notice limited to the quantum of punishment. The Trial Court itself has found that there was a quarrel in front of house of the accused by the de facto complainant’s family members on the date of incident. It is also clear from the evidence on record that on the date of occurrence i.e 13.06.2010 the dispute was only on account of cart SLP(Crl.) No. 938 of 2021 track from the land of accused to reach the land of the complainant. When there was an interference with the land of the accused a Civil Suit was filed in which there were injunction orders issued by the competent Civil Court. In deposition PW 1 also admitted that he along with his father younger brother and mother were put in civil prison for 30 days for violating the orders of the Court. Learned senior counsel for the appellant has contended that the unfortunate incident happened only on account of civil dispute and when the complainant’s family members themselves have assaulted the female family members of the appellant it provoked the accused to retaliate on the family members of de facto complainant. The Trial Court itself has recorded a finding that the complainant’s family members are aggressors and there was no premeditation or pre planning and it was a sudden quarrel where the appellant exercised his right of private defence. It is also submitted that with regard to injuries caused on family members of the appellant in spite of complaint no steps were taken to prosecute the family of the complainant. On the other hand SLP(Crl.) No. 938 of 2021 learned counsel for the respondent State has submitted that as the appellant was convicted under Section 304(ii) of IPC as such no case is made out to modify the sentence also 10. In the judgment of this Court in the case of Lakshmi Chand and Anr. v. State of Uttar Pradesh1 relied on by the learned senior counsel for the appellant this Court has reduced the sentence from eight years to two years mainly on the ground that the occurrence had taken place on spur of the moment without any premeditation and the same was on account of a dispute between the neighbours with regard to straying cattle. Further in the judgment of this Court in the case of Madhavan and Ors. v State of Tamil Nadu2 this Court has reduced the sentence of the accused who was convicted for offence under Section 304(ii) of IPC to five years without disturbing fine amount mainly on the ground that incident in question happened all of a sudden without any premeditation and it was a free fight between the members of two families and both sides suffered injuries in the incident. Learned counsel 1 9 SCC 704 2 15 SCC 582 SLP(Crl.) No. 938 of 2021 for the respondent State opposing for modification of sentence placed reliance on the judgment of this Court in the case of Ram Pyare Mishra v. Prem Shanker and Ors.3. In the aforesaid judgment while reversing the judgment of the High Court this Court has convicted the accused for offence under Section 304(i) of IPC and imposed the sentence of eight 11. With regard to quantum of sentence it all depends on background facts of the case antecedents of the accused whether the assault was premeditated and pre planned or not etc. In this case on hand it is clear from the evidence on record that there was a dispute with regard to pathway which the complainant’s family members were claiming from the land of the accused. In view of such interference it appears that the accused filed a Suit and obtained injunction orders from Civil Court and in spite of the same for violation of Court orders the family members of the complainant were put behind bars for 30 days. The same is evident from the deposition of PW 1. The incident occurred in 3 14 SCC 614 SLP(Crl.) No. 938 of 2021 front of the house of the accused and when the female family members of the accused were assaulted the appellant in retaliation seems to have assaulted the family members of the complainant. Trial Court itself has recorded that the de facto complainant’s family members are the aggressors and they have tried to disturb the peaceful possession of the accused from their land. The said findings recorded by the Trial Court became final. The same was not questioned either by the State or by the complainant. It is also clearly held by the Trial Court that it was not a premeditated or preplanned incident. It happened in a sudden quarrel on the day of occurrence i.e. on 14.06.2010. 12. Having regard to such findings recorded by the Trial Court itself which have become final and further in view of the judgments relied on by the learned senior counsel for the appellant which support the case of the appellant for modifying the sentence we deem it appropriate that this is a fit case to modify the sentence to meet the ends of SLP(Crl.) No. 938 of 2021 13. For the aforesaid reasons while confirming the conviction for offence under Section 304(ii) of the IPC we modify the sentence to two years’ rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5 000 in default to undergo three months’ rigorous 14. The Appeal is allowed in part to the extent as December 17 2021 J [R. Subhash Reddy [Hrishikesh Roy