Cases can be tried together as ‘case and counter’ only when based on the same incident: High Court of Kerala
For multiple cases to be termed as ‘case and counter’, the rival versions should be based on the same incident and such cases alone can be tried together in a Sessions Court under powers given in Section 218 of CrPC. This was decided in the case of Jeevan and Others V State of Kerala [Crl.MC.No.231 OF 2021(H)] in the High Court of Kerala by Hon’ble Justice V.G.Arun. The case originated from a crime registered for offences punishable under Sections 143, 147, 148, 323, 324, 326 and 308 r/w 149 of IPC. The allegation was that the accused, due to their previous enmity towards the de facto complainant (Ambros) attacked him, resulting in him sustaining injuries. Ambros along with certain others, had attacked the 4th petitioner and his friends (petitioners 1 to 3) and had thereby committed offences under Sections 447, 425, 323, 324, 506 r/w 34 of IPC. Later, the petitioners filed Crl.M.P. seeking simultaneous trial of the Sessions Case along with C.C.No.567 of 2018 pending before the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court. The prayer was made on the ground that the two petitions were case and counter based on the same incident and trial of both should be conducted by the Sessions Court. This was dismissed by the court as it was held that the cases cannot be termed as, ‘case and counter’. Hence, the accused filed this petition in the high court. The Counsel for the petitioner, relying on the decision in Augustine v. State [1982 KLT 351], contended that minor differences in the time and place of occurrence cannot be a reason to refuse joint trial. From the aforementioned case, the court referred to the following extract “the connotation of the term ‘case and counter’ is very often used during criminal trials. The term in its general import stands for cases registered on the basis of rival versions or the same incident. Such cases need not always be registered on the basis of police reports. The underlying principle is that since the cases relate to the same occurrence and the witnesses in one may figure as accused in the other case and they may give conflicting versions, for grasping the real facts and for a proper appreciation of the evidence, it is always desirable that the two cases are tried by the same Court”. The court observed that for cases to be termed as ‘case and counter’ the rival versions should be based on the same incident. But in this case, they are based on two separate incidents that occurred at different times. Therefore, even if the second incident is an offshoot of the first, the final report in the Sessions Case and the complaint in the instant Case cannot be treated as rival versions of the same incident.
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE V.G.ARUN WEDNESDAY THE 03RD DAY OF FEBRUARY 2021 14TH MAGHA 1942 Crl.MC.No.231 OF 2021(H SC 216 2017 OF PRINCIPAL ASSISTANT SESSIONS COURT NORTH CRIME NO.582 2017 OF Munambom Police Station Ernakulam AGED 18 YEARS S O.SURAN PAZHAMPILLY HOUSE PALLIPPURAM MUNANMBAM ERNAKULAM 683 515 AGED 26 YEARS S O.HARI THEVALLIL HOUSE PALLIPPURAM MUNANMBAM ERNAKULAM 683 515 AGED 20 YEARS S O.JAYAN KANKIRATHINKAL HOUSE PALLIPPURAM MUNANMBAM ERNAKULAM 683 515 AGED 19 YEARS S O.JOSHI PUTHENPADATH HOUSE PALLIPPURAM MUNANMBAM ERNAKULAM 683 515 STATE OF KERALA REPRESENTED BY THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR HIGH COURT OF KERALA ERNAKULAM 682 031 THIS CRIMINAL MISC. CASE HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 28.01.2021 THE COURT ON 03.02.2021 PASSED THE FOLLOWING Crl.M.C.No.2321 Dated this the 03rd day of February 2021 Petitioners are accused Nos.1 to 4 in S.C.No.216 of 2017 pending before the Principal Assistant Sessions Court North Paravur. The case originated from Crime No.1187 of 2016 registered at the Munambam Police Station for offences punishable under Sections 143 147 148 323 324 326 and 308 r w 149 of IPC. The crime was registered on the allegation that at 8.00 p.m on 04.09.2016 the accused due to their previous enmity towards the de facto complainantattacked him resulting in Ambros sustaining Annexure B is the FIR in Crime No.5617 registered at the Munambam Police Station based on the complaint of the 4th petitioner that Crl.M.C.No.2321 Ambros along with certain others had attacked the 4th petitioner and his friendsvehemently contended that minor differences in the time and place of occurrence cannot be a reason to refuse joint trial. It is contended that the second incident is the offshoot Crl.M.C.No.2321 of the first and therefore ought to be treated as part of the same incident In Augustine the Full Bench after elaborately dealing with connotation of the term case and counter held as follows “4. Before going into the propriety of the procedure canvassed by the appellants it is desirable to deal with the connotation of the term “case and counter” which is very often used during criminal trials. The term in its general import stands for cases registered on the basis of rival versions or the same incident. Such cases need not always be registered on the basis of police reports. In respect of a particular occurrence the police on getting information may register a case against a certain individual say a person by name A. It may so happen that A himself sustained some injuries. A might approach the police and launch a complaint regarding his version of the occurrence and how he sustained the injuries. The two versions may be conflicting. Still the police may register a case and investigate it along with the main case already registered. After questioning witnesses the investigating officer may find that the version given by A is false. What the officer generally does is to file a charge sheet in the main case and a refer report in the case registered Crl.M.C.No.2321 on the basis of the statement of A. A would naturally feel aggrieved by the conduct of the police. It may also happen that even though A gave a statement the police did not register a case based on his statement. In both the above contingencies A is not left without his remedy. He may present a complaint before Court setting out how according to him the occurrence took place and he sustained the injuries and the Magistrate may take the complaint to file and proceed with it. The main case based on the police report and that based on the complaint give conflicting versions of the same incident and are therefore described as “case and counter”. In one the prosecuting agency will be the State while in the other it is the private complainant. The decision Achuthan v Bappu 1961 KLT. 412 represents the above type. There can also be case and counter case where both the prosecuting agencies are private individuals. Thus A may sustain injuries at the hands of B and in the course of the same transaction B may sustain injuries at the hands of A Both A and B would be having their own versions of the occurrence which would be conflicting with each other. In such cases if A and B prefer complaints against each other those cases also come under the purview of ‘case and counter.’It is now well recognised that cases and counter cases of the above type should be tried and disposed of by the same Court trial in one being followed by the other and the judgment in both being pronounced in quick succession. The Crl.M.C.No.2321 underlying principle is that since the cases relate to the same occurrence and the witnesses in one may figure as accused in the other case and they may give conflicting versions for grasping the real facts and for a proper appreciation of the evidence it is always desirable that the two cases are tried by the same Court.” From a reading of the judgment it is clear that for cases to be termed as case and counter the rival versions should be based on the same incident. In the instant case as rightly found by the learned Assistant Sessions Judge the cases are based on two separate incidents which occurred at two different places at different times Therefore even if the second incident is an offshoot of the first the final report in the Sessions Case and the complaint in the Calender Case cannot be treated as rival versions of the same incident. Being so the cases cannot be termed as case and counter. Crl.M.C.No.2321 It may also be pertinent to note that even under Section 218 Cr.P.C the distinct offences for which the accused are charged can be tried together only if the cases are pending before the same court. This position has been clearly laid down by the Honourable Supreme court in State of Punjab v. Rajesh Syal [AIR 2002 SC 3687]. In any event the Assistant Sessions Judge cannot withdraw a case pending before the Magistrate court and try it along with the Sessions Case Such power is available only to the Sessions Judge under Section 408 Cr.P.C For the foregoing reasons the challenge against Annexure D order fails. Consequently the Crl.M.C is dismissed V.G.ARUN JUDGE Crl.M.C.No.2321 PETITIONER S S EXHIBITS TRUE COPY OF THE FINAL REPORT IN SC TRUE COPY OF THE FIR NO.562 2017 REGISTERED BY MUNAMBAM POLICE STATION TRUE COPY OF THE PROTEST COMPLAINT FILED BEFORE HON BLE JFCM COURT NJARAKKAL WHICH IS NUMBERED AS CC 567 2018 DATED 28.02.2018 CERTIFIED COPY OF THE ORDER IN CRL.MP NO.224 2020 IN SC 216 2017 DATED 