Retired employees can file petition at the place of receiving pension: Supreme Court
The Supreme Court held that the Patna High Court and Jharkhand High Court had erred in dismissing a writ petition on the basis of lack of territorial jurisdiction. The late petitioner’s wife appealed to the SC aggrieved with the decisions of the HC as they contended that both petitions had different causes of action. The earlier Writ Petition, in the present matter of  Shanti Devi Alias Shanti Mishra V Union Of India &amp; Ors. [Civil Appeal NO. 3630 of 2020], was filed on different cause of action where the substantial prayer was for refund of the amount illegally deducted whereas the second one was on entirely different cause of action. The appellant’s husband, a retired employee of the Coal India Ltd. had to run from pillar to post after two high courts rejected his petition with respect to his pension on the basis of lack of territorial jurisdiction. The case went on for long enough so much so that he died during the pendency of the suit and his wife was substituted as writ petitioner.  The petitioner filed a writ petition in the High Court of Patna as well as the High Court of Jharkhand and both the courts dismissed his petition on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction as the petitioner was employed at West Bengal but resided in Jharkhand after retirement, where he was receiving pension.  The Learned Single Judge of the Patna High Court held that “petitioner served in the State of West Bengal under the authorities and organizations which are located either in States of West Bengal or Jharkhand, hence, High Court of Patna had no territorial jurisdiction”. The SC held that, “Form the facts of the present case, we are of the considered opinion that part of cause of action has arisen within the territorial jurisdiction of Patna High Court. The deceased petitioner was continuously receiving pension for the last 8 years in his saving bank account in State Bank of India, Darbhanga. The stoppage of pension of late B.N. Mishra affected him at his native place, he being deprived of the benefit of pension which he was receiving from his employer. The employer requires a retiring employee to indicate the place where he shall receive pension after his retirement. Late Shri B.N. Mishra had opted for receiving his pension in State Bank of India, Darbhabga, State of Bihar, which was his native place, from where he was drawing his pension regularly for the last 8 years, stoppage of pension gave a cause of action, which arose at the place where the petitioner was continuously receiving the pension. We, thus, are of the view that the view of the learned Single Judge as well as the Division Bench holding the writ petition not maintainable on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction was completely erroneous and has caused immense hardship to the petitioner.
IN THE CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO.36320 arising out of SLP(C)No.183718 SHANTI DEVI ALIAS SHANTI MISHRA ...APPELLANT(S UNION OF INDIA & ORS. ...RESPONDENT(S JUDGMENT ASHOK BHUSHAN J Leave granted. This appeal has been filed questioning the Division Bench judgment of Patna High Court in Letters Patent Appeal No.12617 dismissing the Letters Patent Appeal of the appellant. Letters Patent Appeal was filed against the judgment of learned Single Judge dated 04.08.2017 by which Writ Petition No.59914 filed by her late husband in which she was substituted after death of her husband was dismissed by learned Single Judge on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction Brief facts of the case for deciding this appeal 3.1 The husband of the appellant Shri Bashishtha Narayan Mishra was employed in Coal India Limited. He was working at Moira Colliery Bankola Area District Burdwan West Bengal Ministry of Coal Government of India in exercise of power under Section 3E of Coal Mines Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1948 and in supersession of the Coal Mines Family Pension Scheme 1971 notified a Family Coal Mines Pension Scheme 1998 dated 05.03.1998. Late husband of the appellant did not opt for the pension Scheme notified under Notification dated 05.03.1998 3.2 By Notification dated 09.01.2002 Coal Mines Pension Scheme 1998 was amended by inserting paragraph 2A in the Scheme providing that an employee who had not opted for the Coal Mines Family Pension Scheme 1971 but is covered by the Provident Fund Scheme may opt for pension within a period of nine months After the Notification dated 09.01.2002 the same was circulated by Eastern Coal Fields Limited to all Regional Commissioners Assistant Commissioners. 3.3 The husband of the appellant in pursuance of the Notification dated 09.01.2002 submitted the option opting for Pension Scheme which option was forwarded to the Sr. Personnel Officers by Manager Moira Colliery by letter dated 18.11.2003 requesting for transfer of Rs.1 38 164 from provident fund account of B.N. Mishra to his pension fund. By further letter dated 20.11.2003 of Regional Commissioner it was informed that amount of Rs.48 467 has been adjusted under para 4(2 of Scheme 1998. Late B.N. Mishra was to retire on 30.04.2005. His papers for settlement of pension were forwarded to The Regional Commissioner1 Coal Mines Provident Fund Asansol. By letter dated 30.11.2005 written by Regional Commissioner Coal Mines Provident Fund Region 1 Asansol the late husband of the appellant was asked to deposit the amount of Rs.39 198 towards recovery of pension contribution. The pension was sanctioned to Shri Mishra after about 14 months from retirement thereafter he started receiving pension w.e.f. May 2005. 3.4 Late Shri B.N. Mishra being native of Village Bhuskol Police Station Darbhanga District Darbhanga he had claimed payment for pension from Darbhanga State of Bihar. Pension started in account of Late Shri B.N. Mishra with State Bank of India Darbhanga State of Bihar. A Writ Petition No. 139506 was filed by late Shri B.N. Mishra in Patna High court where he prayed for grant of refund of Rs.1 33 559 which was wrongly withheld illegally deducted from the writ petitioner The said writ petition was dismissed on 08.02.2013 on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction. Learned Single Judge held that petitioner served in the State of West Bengal under the authorities and organizations which are located either in States of West Bengal or Jharkhand hence High Court of Patna had no territorial jurisdiction. 3.5 After dismissal of the above Writ Petition No.13955 of 2006 on 08.02.2013 late Shri B.N. Mishra filed Writ Petition No. 49313 in Jharkhand High Court for the relief which he had claimed in the Writ Petition No.13955 of 2006 before Patna High Court When notice of the writ petition filed by late Shri B.N. Mishra in Jharkhand High Court was received by office of Regional Provident Fund Commissioner Asansol a letter dated 07.10.2013 was issued to the husband of the appellant at his place of residence i.e. Village Bhuskol Police Station Darbhanga District Darbhanga State of Bihar stating that Shri B.N. Mishra having not opted initially for pension scheme in pursuance of 1998 notification he could not have opted for pension in the year 2002. It was stated that Pension of Shri B.N. Mishra was erroneously settled by Regional Commissioner hence Rs.8 01 334 is to be recovered towards pension payment from May 2005 to September 2013 3.6 By further letter dated 06.11.2013 issued by Regional Commissioner Coal Mines Provident Fund Region 1 Asansol he was directed to refund amount of Rs.8 09 268 and entire pension contribution alongwith interest. He was communicated that it has been decided to stop payment of monthly pension w.e.f November 2013. After receipt of the letter dated 07.10.2013 Shri B.N. Mishra sent a reply on 07.11.2013 stating that letter dated 07.10.2013 has been issued due to personal bias arising due to punitive action taken by appropriate authorities against Regional Commissioner Region 1 Asansol on a petition filed by Shri B.N. Mishra under the Right to Information Act 2005. Petitioner sent representations to Secretary Ministry of Coal and Commission. 3.7 A Writ Petition No. 59914 was filed by late Shri B.N. Mishra in Patna High Court where he challenged the letter dated 07.10.2013 and 06.11.2013 and also sought direction for payment of pension to the petitioner with interest. The writ petition came for hearing before learned Single Judge on 04.08.2017. Learned Single Judge noticed the earlier order of the High Court dated 08.02.2013 by which his earlier Writ Petition No.139506 was dismissed on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction. Learned Single Judge observed that on similar facts the said writ petition having been dismissed on 08.02.2013 on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction and writ petition having been filed by petitioner before the Jharkhand High Court which is pending the order of stoppage of pension is part of retirement benefit hence the writ petition is dismissed on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction. A LPA No.1265 of 2017 was filed against the judgment of learned Single Judge dated 04.08.2017 During the pendency of writ petition Shri B.N. Mishra died and his wife Shanti Devi was substituted as writ petitioner. LPA was filed before the Division Bench against the judgment of learned Single Judge which has been dismissed by the impugned judgment aggrieved by which order this appeal has been filed. We have heard Shri Arvind Kumar Gupta learned counsel for appellant Shri Sreekumar C.N. for the respondent Nos. 1 to 3 and Shri Kaustubh Shukla for respondent Nos. 5 and 8. Shri Uddyam Mukherjee appeared for respondent No.4. Learned counsel for the appellant submits that High Court committed error in dismissing the writ petition on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction. High Court of judicature at Patna had territorial jurisdiction to entertain the writ petition. The part of cause of action had arisen within the territorial jurisdiction of Patna High Court. Late Shri B.N. Mishra was receiving pension from State Bank of India Darbhanga w.e.f. May 2005 after his retirement on 30.04.2005. After issuance of order dated 07.10.2013 and 06.11.2013 directing for refund of amount of Rs.8.01.334 and 8 09 268 and stopping the pension w.e.f. November 2013 the cause of action arose at Darbhanga where late Shri B.N Mishra was residing and receiving pension. The earlier Writ Petition No.13955 of 2006 was filed on different cause of action where the substantial prayer was for refund of the amount illegally deducted whereas Writ Petition No.59914 was on entirely different cause of action. Late Shri B.N Mishra was receiving pension at Darbhanga which pension having been stopped from November 2013 the cause of action arose within the territorial jurisdiction of Patna High Court and learned Single Judge as well as the Division Bench erred in dismissing the writ petition relying on dismissal of earlier writ petition whereas cause of action of both the writ petitions were different and the Writ Petition No. 5999 of 2014 could not have been dismissed on the ground of lack of territorial Learned counsel for the respondent Nos.1 to 3 submits that the writ petition had rightly been dismissed on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction. He submits that late Shri B.N. Mishra after dismissal of the writ petition had filed writ petition in the Jharkhand High Court which writ petition was still pending when he filed Writ Petition No.59914 and the writ petition could not have been entertained by Patna High Court Learned counsel for the respondent Nos. 1 to 3 does not dispute that part of cause of action arose in territorial jurisdiction of Patna High Court however he submits that on the principle of forum conveniens the writ petition could not have been entertained at Patna and the writ petition ought to have been prosecuted in the Jharkhand High Court. Learned counsel for the respondent Nos. 5 and 8 Shri Kaustubh Shukla submits that late Shri B.N Mishra had served in Eastern Coal Fields Ltd. at West Bengal and had retired on 30.04.2005 from Burdwan West Bengal. It is submitted that Shri B.N. Mishra having accepted the jurisdiction of the Jharkhand High Court could not have filed writ petition at Patna High Court. The husband of the appellant had not opted for the Coal Mines Pension Scheme in 1998 but he opted for the Scheme second time in the year 2002 after subsequent notification dated 09.01.2002 The deductions made by Regional Provident Fund Commissioner was in accordance with Coal Mines Pension Scheme 1998. Earlier writ petition filed by petitioner being Writ Petition No.13955 of 2006 having bene dismissed by the Patna High Court on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction and no appeal having been filed by Shri B.N. Mishra the said judgment became final. Shri B.N. Mishra after dismissal of his earlier writ petition filed Writ Petition No.4930 of 2013 before the Jharkhand High Court at Ranchi which clearly proves that Shri B.N Mishra had accepted the jurisdiction of Jharkhand High Court and pursued his writ petition there. The mere fact that letters dated 07.10.2013 and 06.11.2013 were received at Darbhanga the Patna High Court shall have no territorial jurisdiction to entertain the writ petition. Learned counsel appearing for the respondent No.4 also adopted the above submissions. Learned counsel for the parties have also placed reliance on various judgments of this Court as well as judgment of Patna High Court which shall be noticed while considering the submissions in detail 10. From the submissions of the learned counsel for the parties and the materials on record the following questions have arisen in this appeal: Whether the writ petition filed by late Shri B.N. Mishra being Writ Petition No. 5999 of 2014 is similar to Writ Petition No. 139506 and the Patna High Court had territorial jurisdiction to entertain the writ petition Whether part of cause of action for filing the Writ Petition No. 59914 arose within the territorial jurisdiction of Patna High Court 11. Both the questions being interrelated are being taken together. We may first notice the relevant pleadings in Writ Petition No. 5999 of 2014 which are the material facts or integral facts for claiming relief in the writ petition. In paragraph 5 of the writ petition petitioner had pleaded that he retired on 30.04.2005 and thereafter settled at his native place in Darbhanga District State of Bihar where in his savings account with State Bank of India Darbhanga his monthly pension is being paid since May 2005. In paragraphs 20 and 22 petitioner has pleaded about the letter dated 07.10.2013 issued by Regional Provident Fund Commissioner Region 1 Asansol and the letter dated 06.11.2013. Paragraphs 5 20 and 22 are extracted below for ready “5. That the petitioner was subsequently promoted as Personnel Manager in Moira Colliery Eastern Coal Fields Ltd. Bankola Area P.O. Moira Dist. Burdwan from where he retired from service on 30 04 2005 and thereafter settled at his native village in Darbhanga Dist. Bihar where in his S B A C with State Bank of India Darbhanga his monthly pension is being paid since May 2005 Copy of notice of Super annuation vide letter no ECL C 5 Superannuation EE 1572 dated 23 24 11 2004 is annexed herewith and marked as Annexure 1 20. That upon receipt of a copy of writ petition from the learned Central Govt Counsel the Regional P.F. Commissioner Region 1 Asansol issued a notice vide No dated 7 10 2013 whereby he declared the payment of pension to the petitioner from May 2005 till date as wholly against the provisions of Para 15 of Coal Mines Pension Scheme 1998 which says that option once exercised shall be final and since the petitioner had firstly submitted a negative option so the subsequent submission of option in the affirmative is Further the against the Scheme. petitioner was also directed to refund the entire amount of pension amounting to Rs.8 01 334 with interest paid to him from May 2005 to October 2013 Furthermore the pensioner was also informed vide the aforesaid notice that payment of pension to him shall be stopped from November 2013 Copy of letter no CPF 32 Legal B.N. Mishra R 1 ASN 3481 dated 7 10 2013 along with relevant portion of Para 15 of CMPS 1998 is annexed herewith and marked as 22. That the Regional P.F. Commissioner did not wait for a reply from the petitioner to the notice issued by him and instead in a haste issued letter No CPF 32 1 Legal B.N. Mishra R 1 4056 dated 6 11 2013 whereby he stopped payment of pension to the petitioner from the month of Nov. 2013 and also directed him to refund the entire amount of pension paid to the petitioner from May 2005 to Oct 2013 amounting to Rs.8 09 268 Copy of letter no CPF 32 1 Legal B.N. Mishra R 1 4056 dated 6 11 2013 is annexed herewith and marked as 12. The copy of the letters dated 07.10.2013 and 06.11.2013 were also annexed with the writ petition which were addressed to late Shri B.N. Mishra at his address of Village Bhusakoul Police Station Darbhanga Sadar District Darbhanga State of Bihar Petitioner after receipt of the letter dated 07.10.2013 immediately represented on 07.11.2013 There is no dispute between the parties that the pension of late Shri B.N. Mishra was stopped from November 2013 and the Writ Petition No.59914 was filed after stoppage of pension which he was getting for the last 08 years. Further by letter dated 06.11.2013 petitioner was also directed to return the amount of Rs.8 09 268 which was amount of pension he received in his bank account in State Bank of India Darbhanga from May 2005. 13. We may first notice the order of learned Single Judge dismissing the writ petition on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction dated 04.08.2017 Paragraph 5 of the judgment gives reasons for dismissing the writ petition. In paragraph 5 mainly two reasons have been given by the learned Single Judge for dismissing the writ petition Earlier Writ Petition No.13955 of 2006 for grant of retiral benefits was dismissed on 08.02.2013 on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction. The petitioner did not move in LPA or before the Supreme Court and4 SCC 711 where in paragraphs 5 and 6 following has been laid down: “5. Clauseof Article 226 begins with a non obstante clause — notwithstanding anything in Article 32 — and provides that every High Court shall have power “throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction” to issue to any person or authority including in appropriate cases any Government “within those territories” directions orders or writs for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III or for any other purpose. Under clauseof Article 226 the High Court may exercise its power conferred by clause if the cause of action wholly or in part had arisen within the territory over which it exercises jurisdiction notwithstanding that the seat of such Government or authority or the residence of such person is not within those territories. On a plain reading of the aforesaid two clauses of Article 226 of the Constitution it becomes clear that a High Court can exercise the power to issue directions orders or writs for the enforcement of any of the fundamental rights conferred by Part III of the Constitution or for any other purpose if the cause of action wholly or in part had arisen within the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction notwithstanding that the seat of the Government or authority or the residence of the person against whom the direction order or writ is issued is not within the said territories. In order to confer jurisdiction on the High Court of Calcutta NICCO must show that at least a part of the cause of action had arisen within the territorial jurisdiction of that Court. That is at best its case in the writ petition 6. It is well settled that the expression “cause of action” means that bundle of facts which the petitioner must prove if traversed to entitle him to a judgment in his favour by the Court. In Chand Kour v. Partab Singh16 Cal 98 102 : 15 IA 156] Lord Watson said “… the cause of action has no relation whatever to the defence which may be set up by the defendant nor does it depend upon the character of the relief prayed for by the plaintiff. It refers entirely to the ground set forth in the plaint as the cause of action or in other words to the media upon which the plaintiff asks the Court to arrive at a conclusion in his favour.” Therefore in determining the objection of lack of territorial jurisdiction the court must take all the facts pleaded in support of the cause of action into consideration albeit without embarking upon an enquiry as to the correctness or otherwise of the said facts. In other words the question whether a High Court has territorial jurisdiction to entertain a writ petition must be answered on the basis of the averments made in the petition the truth or otherwise whereof being immaterial. To put it differently the question of territorial jurisdiction must be decided on the facts pleaded in the petition Therefore the question whether in the instant case the Calcutta High Court had jurisdiction to entertain and decide the writ petition in question even on the facts alleged must depend upon whether the averments made in paragraphs 5 7 18 22 26 and 43 are sufficient in law to establish that a part of the cause of action had arisen within the jurisdiction of the Calcutta High Court.” 22. This Court in Navinchandra N. Majithia Vs. State of Maharashtra and Ors. 7 SCC 640 had occasion to consider territorial jurisdiction of High Court under Article 226(2). Dealing with constitutional amendment made in Article 226(2) this Court laid down following in paragraph 37: “37. The object of the amendment by inserting clausein the article was to supersede the decision of the Supreme Court in Election Commission v. Saka Venkata Subba Raoand to restore the view held by the High Courts in the decisions cited above. Thus the power conferred on the High Courts under Article 226 could as well be exercised by any High Court exercising jurisdiction in relation to the territories within which “the cause of action wholly or in part arises” and it is no matter that the seat of the authority concerned is outside the territorial limits of the jurisdiction of that High Court. The amendment is thus aimed at widening the width of the area for reaching the writs issued by different 23. It was further held that the collocation of the words “cause of action wholly or in part arises” seems to have been lifted from Section 20 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This Court also quoted the definition of “cause of action” given by Lord Esher in Read Vs. Brown in paragraph 39. In paragraphs 38 39 and 41 following was laid down: “38. “Cause of action” is a phenomenon well understood in legal parlance Mohapatra J. has well delineated the import of the said expression by referring to the celebrated lexicographies. The collocation of the words “cause of action wholly or in part arises” seems to have been lifted from Section 20 of the Code of Civil Procedure which section also deals with the jurisdictional aspect of the courts. As per that section the suit could be instituted in a court within the legal limits of whose jurisdiction the “cause of action wholly or in part arises”. Judicial pronouncements have accorded almost a uniform interpretation to the said compendious expression even prior to the Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution as to mean “the bundle of facts which would be necessary for the plaintiff to prove if traversed in order to support his right to the judgment of the court” 39. In Read v. Brown22 QBD 128 58 LJQB 120 : 60 LT 250Lord Esher M.R. adopted the definition for the phrase “cause of action” that it meant “every fact which it would be necessary for the plaintiff to prove if traversed in order to support his right to the judgment of the court. It does not comprise every piece of evidence which is necessary to prove each fact but every fact which is necessary to be proved” 41. Even in the context of Article 226(2 of the Constitution this Court adopted the same interpretation to the expression “cause of action wholly or in part arises” vide State of Rajasthan v. Swaika Properties3 SCC 217] . A three Judge Bench of this Court in Oil and Natural Gas Commission v. Utpal Kumar Basu4 SCC 711] observed that it is well settled that the expression “cause of action” means that bundle of facts which the petitioner must prove if traversed to entitle him to a judgment in his favour. Having given such a wide interpretation to the expression Ahmadi J.3 SCC 277 this Court explained the expression “cause of action” and has quoted with approval the cause of action as defined by Halsbury’s Laws of England in paragraph 16 and 17: “16. The expression “cause of action” has acquired a judicially settled meaning. In the restricted sense cause of action means the circumstances forming the infraction of the right or the immediate occasion for the action. In the wider sense it means the necessary conditions for the maintenance of the suit including not only the infraction of the right but the infraction coupled with the right itself Compendiously the expression means every fact which would be necessary for the plaintiff to prove if traversed in order to support his right to the judgment of the court. Every fact which is necessary to be proved as distinguished from every piece of evidence which is necessary to prove each fact comprises in “cause of 17. In Halsbury s Laws of Englandit has been stated as follows “‘Cause of action’ has been defined as meaning simply a factual situation the existence of which entitles one person to obtain from the court a remedy against another person. The phrase has been held from earliest time to include every fact which is material to be proved to entitle the plaintiff to succeed and every fact which a defendant would have a right to traverse. ‘Cause of action’ has also been taken to mean that particular act on the part of the defendant which gives the plaintiff his cause of complaint or the subject matter of grievance founding the action not merely the technical cause of 25. Another judgment which needs to be noticed is Kusum Ingots & Alloys Ltd. Vs. Union of India and Anr. 6 SCC 254 wherein this Court reiterated the meaning of cause of action in paragraph 6. This Court reiterated that even if a small fraction of cause of action accrues within the jurisdiction of the Court the Court will have jurisdiction in the matter. In paragraph 18 following was held: “18. The facts pleaded in the writ petition must have a nexus on the basis whereof a prayer can be granted. Those facts which have nothing to do with the prayer made therein cannot be said to give rise to a cause of action which would confer jurisdiction on the Court.” 26. Another judgment which has been relied by learned counsel for the appellant is Nawal Kishore Sharma Vs Union of India and Ors. 9 SCC 329. In the above case the petitioner had filed a writ petition seeking various reliefs including disability compensation and pecuniary damages. The petitioner approached the Patna High Court for grant of various reliefs. Although he was declared unqualified by orders issued by the Shipping Department Government of India Mumbai. This Court held that Patna High Court has a jurisdiction to entertain the petition Following was laid down in paragraph 17: “17. We have perused the facts pleaded in the writ petition and the documents relied upon by the appellant. Indisputably the appellant reported sickness on account of various ailments including difficulty in breathing. He was referred to hospital Consequently he was signed off for further medical treatment. Finally the respondent permanently declared the appellant unfit for sea service due to dilated cardiomyopathy and breathing problem which forced him to stay in his native place wherefrom he had been making all correspondence with regard to his disability compensation. Prima facie therefore considering all the facts together a part or fraction of cause of action arose within the jurisdiction of the Patna High Court where he received a letter of refusal disentitling him from 27. Learned counsel for the appellant has also placed reliance on a Division Bench judgment of Patna High court in Saryu Singh Vs. The Union of India and Ors. 2015(2) PLJR 256. The above was a case where the petitioner had claimed the due pensionary benefits whose grievance was that payment made to him was less payment. In the above context the Division Bench in paragraphs 63 64 and 66 laid down following: “63. Recently pointed out the Supreme Court in Nawal Kishore Sharma v. Union of India reported in9 SCC 329 that the question whether or not cause of action wholly or in part has arisen within the territorial limit of any High Court shall have to be decided in the light of the nature and character of the proceedings under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. In order to maintain a writ petition the petitioner has to establish that a legal right claimed by him has been infringed by the respondents within the territorial limit of the Court s jurisdiction 64. In the backdrop of the position of law as discussed above it needs to be noted that the writ petitioner was admittedly an employee of Coal India Limited and as per the terms and conditions of his employment the writ petitioner as an employee is admittedly required to be paid his pension and pensionery benefits by his employer at Patna 66. If therefore the writ petitioner is not paid the sum of money which is due and payable to him as pension and pensionery benefits at Patna it becomes obvious that his right to receive due and payable pension and pensionery benefits at Patna is being denied consequently the infringement of his right or his sufferance of injury is at Patna.” 28. The above judgment of the same High Court was relevant in the facts of the present case which judgment although was delivered prior in time but was not noticed by the learned Single Judge as well as the Division Bench. 29. Form the facts of the present case we are of the considered opinion that part of cause of action has arisen within the territorial jurisdiction of Patna High Court. The deceased petitioner was continuously receiving pension for the last 08 years in his saving bank account in State Bank of India Darbhanga. The stoppage of pension of late B.N. Mishra affected him at his native place he being deprived of the benefit of pension which he was receiving from his employer The employer requires a retiring employee to indicate the place where he shall receive pension after his retirement. Late Shri B.N. Mishra had opted for receiving his pension in State Bank of India Darbhabga State of Bihar which was his native place fromwhere he was drawing his pension regularly for the last 08 years stoppage of pension gave a cause of action which arose at the place where the petitioner was continuously receiving the pension We thus are of the view that the view of the learned Single Judge as well as the Division Bench holding the writ petition not maintainable on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction was completely erroneous and has caused immense hardship to the petitioner. 30. Another submission which has been advanced by learned counsel for the respondent Nos. 1 to 3 is that the writ petition was rightly dismissed on the principle of forum non conveniens. Forum non conveniens has been defined by P. Ramanatha Aiyar Advanced Law Lexicon 3rd Edition in following words: “The principle that a case should be heard in a Court of the place where parties witnesses and evidence are primarily 31. Black’s Law Dictionary defines forum conveniens in following words: “The court in which an action is most appropriately brought considering the best interests and convenience of the parties and witnesses.” 32. This Court in Kusum Ingots & Alloys Ltd.Madanlal Jalan v. Madanlal Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. v. Jharia Talkies & Cold StorageLtd.S.S. Jain Co. v. Union of India1 CHN 445 and New Horizons Ltd. v. Union of India AIR 1994 Del 126].” 33. As noted above the learned single Judge has also observed that petitioner ought to have filed the writ petition in Jharkhand High Court where his earlier writ petition was pending. The earlier writ petition which was initially filed in 2006 in Patna High Court was for refund of the amount as noted above. After dismissal of the writ petition by Patna High Court on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction Shri B.N. Mishra had filed a Writ Petition No.49313 in Jharkhand High Court for the relief which was claimed in Writ Petition No.139506. As noted above the cause of action for filing the Writ Petition No. 5999 of 2014 was entirely different Stoppage of pension and asking for refund of more than Rs. 08 lakhs amount had serious adverse effect on the petitioner who was staying at his native place Darbhanga. A retired employee who is receiving pension cannot be asked to go to another court to file the writ petition when he has a cause of action for filing a writ petition in Patna High Court. For a retired employee convenience is to prosecute his case at the place where he belonged to and was getting pension. The submission of the learned counsel for the respondent Nos.1 to 3 on principle of forum non conveniens has no substance. 34. In result we allow the appeal set aside the judgment of the Patna High Court and hold that Writ Petition No. 5999 of 2014 was fully maintainable at Patna High Court and learned Single Judge and Division Bench committed error in dismissing the writ petition on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction. The writ petition stands revived before the Patna High Court. 35. We are also of the view that appellant is entitled for an interim order in the writ petition for her sustenance. The appellant’s husband who had filed the writ petition had died during the pendency of the writ petition. After his death the appellant the widow was substituted. Six years have passed after filing of the writ petition wherein stoppage of pension was questioned. Appellant being the widow is also entitled for pensionary benefit for her sustenance since her husband was receiving pension. We are of the view that during the pendency of the writ petition the appellant is entitled to be paid provisional pension which shall be subject to final decision in the writ petition. We therefore direct respondent Nos.4 to 8 to ensure that provisional pension to the appellant is paid from the month of December 2020 which shall be subject to final orders passed in the writ petition. The appeal is allowed accordingly ( ASHOK BHUSHAN ( R. SUBHASH REDDY ( M.R. SHAH New Delhi November 05 2020