Writ actions cannot be enforced after an unreasonable lapse of time: High Court of New Delhi
Writ actions cannot be invoked after undue delay and latches. Accordingly, this Court is of the view that the petitioner cannot challenge his APAR grading after a gap of more than ten years. This was held in ANUPAM KUMAR V. DIRECTOR GENERAL, BORDER SECURITY FORCE &amp; ANR[W.P. (C) 4438/2021] in the High Court of New Delhi by division bench consisting of JUSTICE MANMOHAN and  JUSTICE ASHA MENON. Facts are that the Petitioner has filed the writ petition seeking “Non-Functional Grade Selection” along with the consequential benefits like back wages. Petitioner has also prayed for a direction to Respondent to modify the promotion granted to the Petitioner to the rank of “Second-in-Commands” as being effective from a prior date and grant all the consequential benefits such as back wages w.e.f from the same date. Learned Counsel for the Petitioner contended Petitioner was not promoted due to his low ACR grading for the year 2010-2011 to the rank “Second-in-Commands” in 2016. The denial of promotion was arbitrary, illegal, and affected the seniority position of the Petitioner. The loss of seniority was coupled with a pay scale that was much lower than what was paid to his counterparts. The low grading received by him in the year 2010-11 was because of the biased view of the then I.O for which, he had filed a detailed representation dated to the DG. The court in order to discuss the maintainability of the petition relied on the judgement of  Chairman/Managing Director, U.P. Power Corporation Ltd. &amp; Ors. Vs. Ram Gopal., wherein the following observations were made, “Whilst it is true that limitation does not strictly apply to proceedings under Articles 32 or 226 of the Constitution of India, nevertheless, such rights cannot be enforced after an unreasonable lapse of time. Consideration of unexplained delays and inordinate laches would always be relevant in writ actions, and writ courts naturally ought to be reluctant in exercising their discretionary jurisdiction to protect those who have slept over wrongs and allowed illegalities to fester. Fence-sitters cannot be allowed to barge into courts and cry for their rights at their convenience, and vigilant citizens ought not to be treated alike with mere opportunists. On multiple occasions, it has been restated that there are implicit limitations of time within which writ remedies can be enforced.” The court also referred to the judgment of the Apex court in Vijay Kumar Kaul v. Union of India., wherein it was held that, “…It becomes an obligation to take into consideration the balance of justice or injustice in entertaining the petition or declining it on the ground of delay and laches. It is a matter of great significance that at one point of time equity that existed in favor of one melts into total insignificance and paves the path of extinction with the passage of time.”
Suppl. 20 W.P.4438 2021 & C.M.No.13544 2021 IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI ANUPAM KUMAR Mr.Manish Gupta Advocate. .....Petitioner DIRECTOR GENERAL BORDER SECURITY FORCE & ANR Through: Ms.Divyya Kapur Advocate. Mr. Ruchir Mishra Advocate with Mr. Gunjan Jaura Mr. Mukesh Kumar Tiwari and Mr. Arman Pratap Singh Advocates. Date of Decision: 9th April 2021 HON BLE MR. JUSTICE MANMOHAN HON BLE MS. JUSTICE ASHA MENON JUDGMENT MANMOHAN J4438 2021 Commands" as being effective from 21st October 2016 and grant all the consequential benefits such as back wages w.e.f from the same date. Learned Counsel for the Petitioner states that in 2016 six Batches of the BSF including the Batch to which the Petitioner belongs were simultaneously promoted from the level of Deputy Commandant to Second in Commands" vide Office Order dated 21st October 2016. He further states that the Petitioner was however not promoted due to his low ACR grading for the year 2010 2011. He submits that this denial of promotion was not only arbitrary and illegal but has also seriously affected the seniority position of the Petitioner bringing him 350 ranks below his batchmates. He further submits that the loss of seniority was coupled with a pay scale which was much lower than what was paid to his counterparts. Learned Counsel for the Petitioner submits that the Petitioner was subsequently promoted from the post of Deputy Commandant to the rank of "Second in Commandant” BSF vide Promotion Order dated 26th July 2018 w.e.f. from 07th November 2017 i.e. after much delay. Learned Counsel for the Petitioner states that an Office Order dated 26th December 2019 was issued by the Commandantgranting Non Functional Selection Grade to officers of Group A Executive Cadre of BSF wherein the pay scale was revised in Level 13 of pay matrix for the year 2017 and 20184438 2021 filed a detailed representation dated 28th June 2020 to the DG BSF pointing out that the low grading received by him in the year 2010 11 was because of the biased view of the then I.O. as the Petitioner refused to comply with his illegal orders. He further states that the petitioner has not received any reply to the said representation. He also states that a Coordinate Division Bench of this Court in Vidya Shankar Tiwari Vs. Union of India & Ors. W.P.(C) No.10486 2017 has granted relief to a similarly placed officer. Having heard learned counsel for the petitioner and having perused the paper book this Court finds that the petitioner in essence challenges his APAR Grade for the year 2010 11 as according to him it is due to his adverse APAR grading that Non Functional Grade Selection has been denied to him. At this stage learned counsel for the petitioner states that the petitioner in the present writ petition does not only challenge his APAR grade for the year 2010 11. However this contention of the petitioner is belied from the petitioner’s own representation dated 28th June 2020 which is reproduced hereinbelow in its entirety: Dated 28th June 2020 To THE DIRECTOR GENERAL BORDER SECURITY FORCE 10 CGO COMPLEX LODI ROAD NEW DELHI SUB: REPRESENTATION AGAINST ACR APR OF YEAR 2010 2011 FOR CONSIDERATION OF NFSG Sir W.P.4438 2021 In ref to subject cited above. I the undersigned would like to lay following lines for your consideration and favourable action. That my ACR grading of year 2010 2011 was ruined by IO on biased view taken by him. My representation on the same was also not taken into right spirit and same were rejected citing the reason as devoid of merit. In this case the Comdt has made my APR adverse. My APR of year 2010 2011 was given adverse by IO Unit Comdt due to non compliance of illegal order dated 30 March 2010. It is submitted that the Calcutta High Court in its interim order had said that „Ordering Dy Comdt to take charge of a service Coy. Comdt as prima facia an unlawful order and its non compliance of illegal order will not invite any adverse to the officer. It is pertinent to point out that ACR written by same IO and same RO in year 2010 2013 and 2011 12 is self contradicting in assessment of innate qualities. The traits and quality which are inherent and cannot change is graded vindictively in year 2010 11 apparent with the comparison with 11 12. 2010 11 2010 11 2011 12 2011 12 Accomplishment of planned work Quality of output and effectiveness Thoroughness and efficiency work exceptional work Attitude to work responsibility discipline qualities W.P.4438 2021 10 Capacity to work in team spirit Capacity to work in time limit Knowledge of rules and regulations Strategic planning Decision making ability ability Ability to develop Interest in welfare apprising ability My adverse APR led to non grant of NFSG to me whereas my entire batch has got it. Further I submit that the 93 BN BSF was deployed under dist Malkangiri for Anti naxal operation under police. The SP Malkangiri Mr. Anirudh Kumar Singh as a police head had seen my work and leadership and special efforts on the ground and appreciated in his letter dated Do185 17.04.2010. I also attached the copy of the letter for your consideration4438 2021 101 has held as under: The Supreme Court in Chairman Managing Director U.P. Power Corporation Ltd. & Ors. Vs. Ram Gopal 2020 SCC OnLine SC “16. Whilst it is true that limitation does not strictly apply to proceedings under Articles 32 or 226 of the Constitution of India nevertheless such rights cannot be enforced after an unreasonable lapse of time. Consideration of unexplained delays and inordinate laches would always be relevant in writ actions and writ courts naturally ought to be reluctant in exercising their discretionary jurisdiction to protect those who have slept over wrongs and allowed illegalities to fester. Fencesitters cannot be allowed to barge into courts and cry for their rights at their convenience and vigilant citizens ought not to be treated alike with mere opportunists. On multiple occasions it has been restated that there are implicit limitations of time within which writ remedies can be enforced. In SS Balu v. State of Kerala this Court observed thus: “17. It is also well settled principle of law that “delay defeats equity”. …It is now a trite law that where the writ petitioner approaches the High Court after a long delay reliefs prayed for may be denied to them on the ground of delay and laches irrespective of the fact that they are similarly situated to the other candidates who obtain the benefit of the judgment.” 17. Similarly in Vijay Kumar Kaul v. Union of India this Court while considering the claim of candidates who despite being higher in merit exercised their right to parity much after those who were though lower in merit but were diligently agitating their rights this Court observed that: “27. …It becomes an obligation consideration the balance of justice or injustice in entertaining the petition or declining it on the ground of delay and laches. It is a matter of great significance that W.P.4438 2021 at one point of time equity that existed in W.P.(C) 2766 2021 Page 5 of 5 favour of one melts into total insignificance and paves the path of extinction with the passage of time.” 11. Accordingly this Court is of the view that the petitioner cannot challenge his APAR grading after a gap of more than ten years. 12. As far as the Division Bench judgment in Vidya Shankar Tiwari supra) relied upon by learned counsel for the petitioner is concerned this Court finds that the same does not constitute a binding precedent as the issue of delay and laches was neither urged nor discussed in the said judgment. The Supreme Court in MCD Vs. Gurnam Kaur . 1 SCC 101 has held that precedents sub silentio and without argument are of no moment. Accordingly the said judgment is not a precedent on the 13. Consequently the present writ petition is barred by delay and issue of delay and laches. application is dismissed. In view of the above the present writ petition along with pending 15. The order be uploaded on the website forthwith. Copy of the order be also forwarded to the learned counsel through e mail. APRIL 09 2021 W.P.4438 2021 MANMOHAN J ASHA MENON J 