Order XXI Rule 41(2) of CPC can only be invoked by an application filed on behalf of the decree holder: High Court of Delhi
Power under Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC can only be invoked by an application only in respect of the judgment debtor. The affidavit of assets can only be directed to be filed upon an application on behalf of the decree holder under Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC. Such a direction cannot be passed suo motu by the Executing Court. These were stated by High Court of Delhi, consisting Justice Amit Bansal in the case of G.S Sandhu &amp; Anr. vs. Geeta Aggarwal [CM(M) 1399/2019] on 14.01.2022. The facts of the case are that the respondent instituted a suit under Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908  for recovery of Rs.13,56,625 against the judgment debtor company. The said suit was decreed in favour of the respondent on 06th July, 2012 for a sum of Rs.6,00,000/- along with interest. On 20th January, 2014, auction sale was conducted in respect of the movable property of the judgment debtor company, which resulted in Rs.5,00,000/- being recovered by the decree holder. On 05th August, 2014, the decree holder moved an application under Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC seeking detention of the petitioners, being the directors of the judgment debtor company. The said application was contested by the petitioners by filing a reply, stating that the judgment debtor company had become defunct after attachment of its movable assets and there were no further assets in the judgment debtor company. Vide the impugned order, the Executing Court directed the petitioners to file affidavits of assets in pursuance of the judgment of this Court in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. The Counsel for the petitioners contended that the petitioners were neither parties in the suit filed by the respondent, nor were any averments made against the petitioners in the plaint and even in the application filed by the decree holder under Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC, no specific allegations have been made against the petitioner. It was further stated that the petitioners, being directors of the judgment debtor company were not parties to the suit which was decreed in favour of the respondent. The decree was passed only against the judgment debtor company and not the petitioners but the petitioners were also made parties to the execution petition filed on behalf of the decree holder; and under Order XXI of the CPC the directors of the judgment debtor company cannot be asked to file their list of assets. The Counsel for the respondent contended that only the petitioner no.1 has complied with the order passed by this Court to comply with the direction of the Executing Court however, the petitioner no.2 has failed to comply with the same. Further, it was contended that the petitioner no.1 has falsely stated in his affidavit that judgment Debtor Company does not own any immovable property. Reliance in this regard was placed from the balance sheet of the judgment debtor company and also it was falsely stated in the affidavit of the petitioner no.1 that all movable assets of the judgment debtor company were disposed of through auction and proceeds given to the decree holder. While admitting that the petitioners were not parties in the suit or in the execution proceedings, the counsel for the decree holder contended that specific allegations were made in respect of the petitioners in the application filed on behalf of the decree holder under Order XXI Rule 37 and that the petitioners were guilty of making false statement and fraud.
 IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI Judgment Reserved on : 07th January 2022 Judgment Delivered on : 14th January 2022 CM(M) 1399 2019 & CM No.42217 2019G.S SANDHU & ANR. ..... Petitioners Through: Ms. Shalini Kapoor Ms. Sukriti Mago and Mr. Sangram Singh Kheechi Advocates for petitioner Sameer Nandawani Ms.Pratibha Singh Advocates for petitioner No.2. GEETA AGGARWAL Through: Mr. Rajesh Manchanda Advocate ..... Respondent HON BLE MR. JUSTICE AMIT BANSAL AMIT BANSAL J. The present petition under Article 227 of the Constitution of India impugns the order dated 13th August 2019 passed by the District Judge Patiala House Courts in Execution No.5359 2016 whereby the petitioners being the directors of M s. Silver Fern Hotels Private Limited have been directed to file affidavits of assets in pursuance of the judgment of this Court in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Maharia Raj Joint Venture and Ors. 227 DLT 302. CM(M) 1399 2019 The issue involved in the present petition was formulated by this Court in the order dated 20th September 2019 while issuing notice in the present petition viz. whether directors of a company can be directed to file affidavits of their assets in an execution petition. Pursuant to directions passed by this Court written submissions have been filed on behalf of the petitioners and the respondent decree holder. Brief facts to the extent relevant for deciding the present petition are set out below: 3.1 The respondent instituted a suit under Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 on 16th January 2012 for recovery of Rs.13 56 625 against the judgment debtor company. The said suit was decreed in favour of the respondent on 06th July 2012 for a sum of Rs.6 00 000 along with interest. 3.2 On 12th August 2013 execution proceedings were initiated by the respondent against the judgment debtor company seeking execution of the decree. 3.3 Thereafter on 19th August 2013 warrants of attachment were issued against the judgment debtor company. 3.4 On 20th January 2014 auction sale was conducted in respect of the movable property of the judgment debtor company which resulted in Rs.5 00 000 being recovered by the decree holder. 3.5 On 05th August 2014 the decree holder moved an application under Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC seeking detention of the petitioners being the directors of the judgment debtor company. The said application was contested by the petitioners by filing a reply stating that the judgment debtor company had become defunct after CM(M) 1399 2019 attachment of its movable assets and there are no further assets in the judgment debtor company. 3.6 Vide the impugned order dated 13th August 2019 the Executing Court directed the petitioners to file affidavits of assets in pursuance of the judgment of this Court in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd.the petitioners were neither parties in the suit filed by the respondent nor were any averments made against the petitioners in the plaint even in the application filed by the decree holder under Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC no specific allegations have been made against the petitioners the petitioners being directors of the judgment debtor company were not parties to the suit which was decreed in favour of the respondent decree was passed only against the judgment debtor company and not the petitioners but the petitioners were also made parties to the execution petition filed on behalf of the decree holder andunder Order XXI of the CPC the directors of the judgment debtor company cannot be asked to file their list of assets. Reliance has also been placed by the counsels for the petitioners on the judgments of Anirban Roy and Ors. Vs. Ram Kishan Gupta and Ors 2017 SCC OnLine Del 12867 Gurmeet Satwant Singh and Ors. Vs. Meera Gupta and Ors. 2019 SCC OnLine Del 9505 and Delhi Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works Pvt. Ltd. and Ors. Vs. Himgiri Realtors Pvt. Ltd. and Ors. 2021 SCC OnLine Del 3603. Per contra counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent contends that only the petitioner no.1 has complied with the order dated 20th CM(M) 1399 2019 September 2019 passed by this Court to comply with the direction of the Executing Court however the petitioner no.2 has failed to comply with the direction of the Executing Court it has been falsely stated by the petitioner no.1 in his affidavit that the judgment debtor company does not own any immovable property. Reliance in this regard has been placed from the balance sheet of the judgment debtor company and it has been falsely stated in the affidavit of the petitioner no.1 that all movable assets of the judgment debtor company were disposed of through auction and proceeds given to the decree holder. 7. While admitting that the petitioners were not parties in the suit or in the execution proceedings the counsel for the decree holder contends that specific allegations were made in respect of the petitioners in the application filed on behalf of the decree holder under Order XXI Rule 37 that the petitioners were guilty of making false statement and fraud being committed upon the decree holder. It is further contended that the judgments cited on behalf of the petitioners in Anirban Roy and Ors. and Delhi Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works Pvt. Ltd. and Ors. are not applicable to the facts of the present case. There is no infirmity in the order passed by the Trial Court as when the said order was passed the judgment in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. had not been overruled. Reliance is placed on the judgment of the Supreme Court in Delhi Development Authority Vs. Skipper Construction Co. Ltd. and Ors. 10 SCC 130 to justify lifting of the corporate veil in view of the fraud committed by the petitioners which was discovered by the decree holder in the course of the execution proceedings. CM(M) 1399 2019 In rejoinder it has been submitted that the averments made in the application under Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC are vague and general in nature and no specific allegations of fraud have been made against the petitioners. As regards non compliance with the direction of this Court in the order dated 20th September 2019 by the petitioner no.2 it is submitted that an application seeking extension of time has been filed by the petitioner no.2 before the Executing Court and an extension has been granted. I have considered the rival submissions and analyzed the judgments relied upon by the parties. The application on which the impugned order was passed was filed under Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC which is reproduced hereinafter: “37. Discretionary power to permit judgment debtor to show cause against detention in prison.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in these rules where an application is for the execution of a decree for the payment of money by the arrest and detention in the civil prison of a judgment debtor who is liable to be arrested in pursuance of the application the Court instead of issuing a warrant for his arrest issue a notice calling upon him to appear before the Court on a day to be specified in the notice and show cause why he should not be committed to the civil prison : 2) Where appearance is not made in obedience to the notice the Court shall if the decree holder so requires issue a warrant for the arrest of the judgment debtor.” 10. Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC provides that when an application is filed in execution proceedings for payment of money seeking arrest and civil imprisonment of the judgment debtor the court would issue a notice to the CM(M) 1399 2019 judgment debtor as to why the judgment debtor should not be sent to the civil prison. Order XXI Rule 37 does not provide for a judgment debtor or its directors to file their list of assets. There is not even a prayer made in the aforesaid applications filed on behalf of the decree holder for the petitioners or the judgment debtor company to disclose their list of assets. Therefore there was no occasion for the Executing Court to pass the impugned order directing the petitioners to file their list of assets under the provisions of Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC. 11. The requirement to provide list of assets is provided in Order XXI Rule 41 of the CPC which is reproduced hereinafter: “41. Examination of judgment debtor as to his property.— Where a decree is for the payment of money the decree holder may apply to the Court for an order that— a) the judgment debtor or b)any officer thereof or c) any other person be orally examined as to whether any or what debts are owing to the judgment debtor and whether the judgment debtor has any and what other property or means of satisfying the decree and the Court may make an order for the attendance and examination of such judgment debtor or officer or other person and for the production of any books or documents. 2) Where a decree for the payment of money has remained unsatisfied for a period of thirty days the Court may on the application of the decree holder and without prejudice to its power under sub rule. by order require the judgment debtor or where the judgment debtor is a corporation any officer thereof to make CM(M) 1399 2019 an affidavit stating the particulars of the assets of the judgment debtor.] 3) In case of disobedience of any order made under sub rulethe Court making the order or any Court to which the proceeding is transferred may direct that the person disobeying the order be detained in the civil prison for a term not exceeding three months unless before the expiry of such term the Court directs his release.]” Sub ruleof Order XXI Rule 41 provides that where a money decree is against the judgment debtor which is a corporation the decree holder may apply to the court for an officer of the said corporation to be orally examined to determine the quantum of debts that are owed by the judgment debtor and whether judgment debtor has the means of satisfying the decree. Order XXI Rule 41(2) provides that on an application of a decree holder the court has the power to require the judgment debtor or where the judgment debtor is a corporation any officer to file an affidavit stating the particulars of the assets of the judgment debtor. Order XXI Rule 41(3) provides that in case of disobedience of any order made under Order XXI Rule 41(2) the court may direct civil imprisonment of the person disobeying the said order. It appears that the Executing Court has invoked the provisions of Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC and relied on the judgment of this Court in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. in passing the impugned order to direct the petitioners to file their personal list of assets. Before coming to the judgment of this Court in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd.it may be pertinent to mention here that there is no requirement at all under Order XXI Rule 41 of the CPC for filing of the CM(M) 1399 2019 list of personal assets of the directors officers of the judgment debtor company. The requirement is only to file particulars of assets of the judgment debtor. Further the power under Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC can only be invoked upon an application filed on behalf of the decree holder and in the present case admittedly no application has been filed by the decree holder under Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC. In Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. a Single Bench of this Court directed that in cases of execution of money decrees the judgment debtor at the initial stage itself should be directed to file particulars of assets as on the date of the institution of the suit as well as of the current date under Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC along with the statement of the bank accounts for the last three years. It was further provided that if the judgment debtor’s affidavit does not sufficiently disclose assets a further affidavit may also be directed to be filed and the judgment debtor be also examined orally under Order XXI Rule 41(1) of the CPC. This constituted the dicta of Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. supra). Thereafter the Court in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. directed inter alia the directors of the judgment debtor company therein to file the details of their personal assets. However the aforesaid directions with regard to the directors filing affidavits of their personal assets was only in the facts and circumstances of the said case and was not the dicta of the said case. Therefore the reliance placed by the Executing Court on the judgment in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. for directing the petitioners to file their affidavit of personal assets is clearly erroneous. CM(M) 1399 2019 In this regard reference may be made to the observations made by a Single Bench of this Court in Anirban Roy and Ors. wherein this aspect of the judgment in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. supra) was considered. The relevant observations are set out below: “14. As far as reference to Bhandari Engineers & Builders Pvt.Ltd. supra is concerned a perusal thereof does not show this Court to have held that in every case of execution of a money decree against a company the Directors of the judgment debtor company are required to furnish details of their personal properties. The direction to the Directors in Bhandari Engineers & Builders Pvt. Ltd. supra was on account of the business relationship as found therein. There is no such finding in the present case.” 16. Even in the subsequent judgments1 passed by this Court in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd.no directions were made for filing of affidavit of assets by the directors of the judgment debtor company therein. Even while formulating the format in which the list of assets has to be filed by the judgment debtor no observations were made with regard to filing of personal assets of the directors of the judgment debtor company In Delhi Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works Pvt. Ltd. and Ors. supra) a Division Bench of this Courtobserved that a direction under Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC can only be made upon an application filed by the decree holder in that behalf. As per the provisions of Order XXI the decree holder has to first make efforts to 1 Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Maharia Raj Joint Venture and Ors. 266 DLT 106 Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Maharia Raj Joint Venture and Ors. 2020 SCC OnLine Del 1969 Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Maharia Raj Joint Venture and Ors. 2021 SCC OnLine Del 3595. CM(M) 1399 2019 determine and find out the assets of the judgment debtor and only if the decree holder is unable to find the same the assistance of the court can be taken under Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC for direction that the judgment debtor be directed to disclose its list of assets on affidavit. But for such a direction to be passed an application has to be filed by the decree holder under Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC. In this regard observations made by the Division Bench in Delhi Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works Pvt. Ltd. and Ors.are set out below: “57. We are thus of the view that Bhandari Engineers & Builders Pvt Ltd. supra to the extent extends what is laid down therein to execution proceedings pertaining to all money decrees and to all courts executing a money decree cannot said to be good law. Axiomatically what is held in Bhandari Engineers & Builders Pvt. Ltd. supra could not have been followed in the execution proceedings from which this appeal arises. 62. As per the existing provisions of Order XXI Rule 41 of the CPC the Commercial Division in our view erred in issuing direction to judgment debtors to file affidavits and affidavits in a form other than as prescribed in the CPC. The impugned orders do not record that the decree holder had applied therefor verbally or in writing. A direction under Order XXI Rule 41 could not have been issued without the decree holder applying therefor. Such direction could not have been issued without inspite of taking steps and owing to obstruction by the judgment debor the decree remaining unsatisfied. No reason whatsoever has been given in the impugned orders as to why the directions as issued were called for in the facts of the case or why affidavit in the form prescribed in the CPC could not have sufficed.” CM(M) 1399 2019 18. At this stage reference may also be made to the judgment in Anirban Roy and Ors.that there is no provision in the CPC for execution of a money decree against a Pvt. Ltd. company against its directors that though Order XXI Rule 50 of the CPC does provide for execution of a money decree against a firm from the assets of the partners of the said firm mentioned in the said Rule but there is no provision with respect to directors of a company that the Executing Court cannot go behind the decree and can execute the same as per its form only that if the decree is against the company the executing Court cannot execute the decree against anyone other than the judgment debtor company or against the assets and properties of anyone other than the judgment debtor company that the identity of a director or a CM(M) 1399 2019 shareholder of a company is distinct from that of the company that is the very genesis of a company or a corporate identity or a juristic personthe classic exposition of law in this regard is contained in Solomon v. Solomon & Co. Ltd. 1897 AC 22 where the House of Lords held that in law a company is a person all together different from its shareholders and directors and the shareholders and Directors of the company are not liable for the debts of the company except to the extent permissible that though a Single Judge of this Court in Jawahar Lal Nehru Hockey Tournament v. Radiant Sports Management MANU DE 1756 2008 : 149(2008) DLT 749 observed that there could be a case where the Court even in a execution proceeding lifts the veil of a closely held company particularly a Pvt. Ltd. company and in order to satisfy a decree proceed against its directors and the personal assets of shareholders but the said judgment was over ruled by the Division Bench EFA(OS) No. 17 2008 decided on 7th November 2008 and reported as MANU DE 1756 2008 : finding that the director of the company had agreed to be personally liable to satisfy the decree and for this reason holding him liable however the Division Bench refrained from commenting authoritatively on the aspect of lifting of the corporate veil in execution that though Section 53 of the Transfer of the Property Act 1882 allows the creditors to have a transfer of property made with an intent to defeat the creditors set aside but a case therefor has to be pleaded that it cannot be laid as a general proposition that whenever the decree is against a company its Directors shareholders would also be liable to hold so would be contrary to the very concept of limited liability and obliterate the distinction between a partnership and a company x) that though the Courts have watered down the principle in Solomon supra to cover the cases of a fraud improper conduct etc. as laid down in Singer India Ltd. v. Chander Mohan Chadha MANU SC 0626 2004 :SCC 1 but a case therefor has to be made out that the decree holders in that case had not made out CM(M) 1399 2019 xxx any case therefor the directors were not parties to the proceedings in which decree was passed and were not impleaded in the execution petition also and there were no averments in the execution petition of fraud or improper conduct or of incorporation of the company to evade obligations imposed by law and in which situations Supreme Court in Singer India Ltd. supra has held that the corporate veil must be disregarded. 10. Applying the aforesaid principles the decree in favour of the respondent No. 1 and against the respondent No. 2 for recovery of money cannot be executed against the petitioners for the reason of the petitioners being directors of the respondent No. 2. 17. The direction impugned is evidently under sub Rule of Order XXI Rule 41. However what the said rule permits is a direction for disclosure of the particulars of the assets of the judgment debtor and not assets of any other person. Though Order XXI Rule 41(1) also permits the Court to examine "any other person" but the words "any other person" are absent from sub Ruleof Rule 41 which permits a direction only against the judgment debtor where the judgment debtor is a corporation against any officer thereof and disclosure as aforesaid of assets of the judgment debtor only and not of personal assets of such 18. Once the directors of a company are not judgment debtor in a decree against a company there can be no direction to them to disclose their assets. Mr. Justice Chagla of the Bombay High Court in Bachubai Manjrekar v. Raghunath Ghanshyam Manjrekar MANU MH 0159 1941 : ILR 1942 Bombay 128 held that except in very exceptional circumstances the Court should never make an order under Order XXI Rule 41 of CPC without in the first instance giving notice to the party against whom an order is sought. In the present case the order against the petitioners has been made CM(M) 1399 2019 without even giving any opportunity to the petitioners to show cause as to why the direction against them should not be issued.” 19. The present case is squarely covered by the aforesaid observations of this Court in Anirban Roy and Ors. for a direction to be passed against the officers of the judgment debtor company to file their personal list of assets. Even in respect of the judgment debtor the affidavit of assets can only be directed to be filed upon an application having been filed on behalf of the decree holder under Order XXI Rule 41(2) of the CPC. Such a direction cannot be passed suo motu by the Executing Court. In the present case there was no occasion to pass the aforesaid direction since the application was filed by the decree holder under Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC. Therefore the Executing Court committed an error in issuing direction to the petitioners to file affidavits by placing reliance on the judgment of this Court in Bhandari Engineers and Builders Pvt. Ltd. In the judgment of Skipper Construction a clear case for lifting of the corporate veil was made out in the facts and circumstances of the matter. However in the present case only vague and general averments with regard to fraud have been made by the decree holder against the petitioners in their application filed under Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC CM(M) 1399 2019 and that by itself cannot be a ground for piercing of the corporate veil. Therefore the reliance placed by the decree holder in the case of Skipper Constructionis misplaced. In view of the above the directions contained in the impugned order dated 13th August 2019 directing the petitioners to file an affidavit disclosing their personal assets cannot be sustained and are set aside. However it is clarified that it would be open to the decree holder to pursue her application filed under Order XXI Rule 37 of the CPC and or to file an application under Order XXI Rule 41 or any other provisions of the CPC as advised for the execution of the decree. 23. Petition is allowed in the above terms. AMIT BANSAL J. JANUARY 14 2022 CM(M) 1399 2019 