The District Council Courts are conferred with powers and jurisdiction to try suits and cases between members of the Scheduled Tribes : High Court of Meghalaya
The learned Judge District Council Court, GHADC had dismissed the application for probate of the said Will, mainly on the ground that the court lacked legal jurisdiction. Such an opinion was held by The Hon’ble High Court of Meghalaya before The Hon’ble Mr. Justice W. Diengdoh in the matter of Smti. Clarinda Momin Vs. Smti. Brishmony G. Momin [FA. No. 1 of 2019].  The facts of the case were associated with the appellant who was aggrieved by the order dated 10.05.2007. The Counsel, Mr. A. H. Hazarika representing the appellant stated that the appellant herein was the executor of her late elder brother’s Will and Testament. The late brother left all his landed property including four residential standing houses and other belongings, moveable and immoveable to the Appellant but excluding his first wife, the respondent. Moreover, before the Garo Hills District Council Court at Tura, the appellant filed an application wherein the Court in favour of the Appellant had granted probate of the Will. The Counsel also stated that the application was dismissed by the learned Judge, District Council Court, GHADC. There was a delay of 9/10 years in filing the application without any sufficient explanation for condonation of delay by the respondent.  On the other hand, the counsel for the respondent did not make any counter submissions and had consented to the prayer that this matter may be remanded to the Court of the Judge, District Council Court, GHADC for trial after allowing the Respondent herein to be made a party thereto.  The Hon’ble High Court considering all the facts stated that “In view of the above, this appeal is allowed. The impugned order is hereby set aside and quashed. Probate Case No. 1 of 2019 in the Court of the Judge, District Council Court, GHADC is restored to file. The Appellant/ Petitioner, as well as the Respondent herein, are accordingly directed to appear before the said Court on 20.11.2021 to proceed in the case.” The said matter was disposed of. 
Serial No. 01 Regular List HIGH COURT OF MEGHALAYA AT SHILLONG MAC App. No. 21 Date of Decision: 10.11.2021 New India Assurance Co. Ltd Vs. Smti Khein Kharsati represented by Smti. Shandra Kharsati & 2 Ors. Hon’ble Mr. Justice W. Diengdoh Judge For the Petitioner Appellant(s) For the Respondent(s) i) Whether approved for reporting in Law journals etc.: Mr. S. Jindal Adv. Mr. H. Nongkhlaw Adv. for R 1. None for R 2 & 3. ii) Whether approved for publication in press: The Judgment dated 13.06.2019 passed by the learned Member Motor Accident Claims Tribunal(MACT) East Khasi Hills Shillong is under challenge in this instant appeal. Brief facts of the case is that on 17.09.2011 at about 9:00 PM a Motor Vehicle Accident occurred at a place called Pomlahier Mawryngkneng in the East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya whereby one Truck bearing registration number AS01 BC 3835 dashed against one pedestrian Banlong Kharsati who received head and multiple injuries and died on the spot. The mother of the deceased the Respondent No. 1 herein through her daughter Smti. Shandra Kharsati sought for compensation on account of the death of her son named above from the MACT Shillong for an amount of ₹14 30 000 only against the Owner Driver and Insurer of the said vehicle in question. It may also be mentioned that as a result of the said Motor Vehicle Accident the police had registered a criminal case being Madanriting P.S. Case No. 92of 2011 under Section 279 304 A IPC against the driver of the said truck. On the matter being taken up by the MACT Shillong the Insurer New India Assurance Co. Ltd the appellant herein as OP No. 1 has entered appearance and filed the written statement. The Owner and Driver duly arrayed as Ops No. 2 and 3 respectively failed to appear in the matter and the learned Member MACT proceeded exparte against them. The learned Member MACT then framed three issues Viz Whether the Claim petition is maintainable Whether the death of the deceased was due to the fault of the truck No. AS01 BC 3835 or the fault of the deceased and Who is liable to pay compensation and to what extent . The Claimant Respondent No. 1 examined three witnesses as CW. 1 2 and 3 respectively while the OP No. 1 Appellant has examined two witnesses as DW. 1 and 2 respectively. The matter was finally argued by the parties and on conclusion of the same the learned Member MACT Shillong has awarded compensation of ₹ 3 62 500 only favour of Claimant Appellant. The said compensation was directed to be paid by the Appellant Insurance Company herein along with 9% interest p.a. Being highly aggrieved at and dissatisfied with the said Judgment and Order dated 13.06.2019 the Appellant Insurance Company has preferred this appeal inter alia on the ground that the same is not sustainable both under facts and law and is required to be set aside and quashed. Heard Mr. S. Jindal learned Counsel for the Appellant who has confined his argument on the findings of the learned Member MACT on issue No. “Who is liable to pay compensation and to what extent ”. Even on this issue the learned Counsel has taken exception on the finding of the MACT on the issue of the driving licence of OP Driver wherein at paragraph 27 of the said Judgment the learned Member MACT on appreciation of the evidence as regard the driving licence of the driver who has produced the same during evidence as Exhibit B which shows that he was holding a driving licence for driving vehicle in the category of LMV MGV HGV has found the said driving licence valid at the time of the accident which according to the learned Counsel is not the correct interpretation of the evidence in this regard and as such has failed to absolved the OP Insurance Company from its liability on this ground and further that the interest awarded at the rate of 9% pa is well above the prevailing rate of interest entitled to by the Respondent No. 1 Claimant. 10. To buttress his point Mr. Jindal has led this Court to the evidence of DW 1 Shri H.F. Khongsit who was the District Transport Officer(DTO) at the relevant period wherein in his deposition he has stated that “… Driving licence No. ML05 19990014477 was issued from DTO East Khasi Hills Shillong to Mr. Sylvester Sohtun. It was issued on 02.11.1999 and is valid only for Light Motor Vehicleand valid upto 06.03.2019. He was granted to upgrade heavy motor vehicle on 02.11.2011 to 30.11.201…”. In his cross examination this witness has reiterated that the driver Mr. Sylvester Sohtun was having a valid driving licence but only for light motor vehicle and his licence was upgrade to heavy motor vehicle only on 11. Again the evidence of DW 2 Mr. Sylvester Sohtun who was the driver of the said Truck in question was also pointed out when he has deposed that he was issued with a valid driving licence on 02.11.1999 and valid upto 30.11.2011. However he admitted that the said licence was issued for non transport. This makes it clear that the said driving licence does not bear the necessary endorsement on the date of the accident. In the light of this evidence Mr. Jindal has submitted that the learned Tribunal ought to have come to a finding to exonerate the Insurance Company or in the alternative if fasten with the initial liability of having to pay the said compensation then the liberty to pay and recover ought to have been allowed which was not done so. 12. Further submitting that the driver in this case does not possess a valid driving licence therefore the Insurance Company cannot be held responsible if there has been a violation of the policy conditions. The case of United India Insurance Co. Ltd v. Gyan Chand and others: 7 SCC 558 paragraphs 12 13 and the case of Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd v. Annemma and others: ACJ 409 paragraph 16 was cited to prove this point. However Mr. Jindal has candidly submitted that the Appellant is not pressing on this point in their favour. 13. Again Mr. Jindal has submitted that the recent trend as noticed from a number of judgments of the Hon’ble Supreme Court is that even in cases where there is a violation of policy conditions or that there is a fake or invalid driving licence the Hon’ble Supreme Court has directed the Insurer to pay first then recover the same from the Owner. In this regard the case of New India Assurance Co. Shimla v. Kamla and others:4 SCC 342 where the Hon’ble Supreme Court has employed the principle of pay and recover was cited. This principle if applied to this instant case is not opposed by the Appellant if found justified by this Court it is submitted. 14. On the issue of the rate of interest Mr. Jindal has submitted that the award of 9% interest by the learned Tribunal is not justified under the prevailing financial and economic condition of the Country and as such as was held by this Court in the case of Smti Ronilla Ch. Marak & Anr v. Mr. Aftar Ali and 2 Ors whereby the rate of interest was quantified at 6% the same may be made applicable in this case too. 15. Mr. H. Nongkhlaw learned Counsel appearing for the Respondent No. 1 has submitted that the fact that the accident has taken place and that the deceased son of the Respondent Claimant who was a bachelor at the time of his death died as a consequence of the said Motor vehicle Accident involving the said Truck Number AS01 BC 3835 which was duly insured with the Appellant Insurance Company herein is not a disputed fact. Therefore the Respondent No. 1 Claimant is entitled to the award of compensation passed by the learned Tribunal. 16. Mr. Nongkhlaw has however submitted that irrespective of who is to pay the said compensation whether the Owner or Appellant Insurance Company the Respondent No. 1 Claimant is entitled to the same and this Court may direct the same to be paid accordingly. 17. On the question of interest Mr. Nongkhlaw has submitted that the fact that the accident occurred in the year 2011 and the compensation award was made in the year 2019 the award of 9% interest is justified and this Court may not reduce the same as prayed for by the Appellant. 18. Having heard the learned Counsels for the parties this Court on consideration of the matter in hand has thought it fit to first take up the issue argued by the learned Counsel for the Appellant who has literally confined his argument only on the issue of whether the Appellant Insurer could be fasten with the liability of payment of the awarded compensation on the ground that the driving licence of the driver of the truck involved in the accident though being a valid one was however not the proper one to enable the said driver to drive a transport vehicle there being no endorsement on the said licence as on the date of the accident and in the alternative if the Appellant Insurer is directed to satisfy the said award then the principle of ‘Pay and recover’ is to be applied to enable the Appellant Insurer to recover the same from the Owner of the said Truck involved. In this regard on perusal of the evidence of OPW 1 the District Transport Officer it is seen that he has exhibited the Extract of Driving Licence of the driver Shri Sylvester Sohtun which revealed that the same was issued for Light Motor Vehicle on 02.11.1999 and under the heading of Catg(Category) the letters NT(Non Transport) was noted. In the next column under the heading COV(Cover) the letters TRANS(Transport) was noted and the date of issue of the same was indicated as 02.11.2011. 20. The driver Shri Sylvester Sohtun has been examined as OPW 2 and he has exhibited his driving licence as Exhibit B which shows that under the column ‘Date of issue’ the date 02.11.1999 was indicated while the validity of the same was noted as 30.11.2011. In his evidence the OPW 2(driver) has stated in his Examination in Chief that the driving licence was issued to him on 02.11.1999 and valid upto 30.11.2011. He however stated that the said driving licence was issued for non transport. This admission is relevant inasmuch as it corroborates with the evidence of the OPW 1(DTO) on this point. It is not the case of the Appellant Insurer that the said driver was not holding a valid driving licence but that he was not holding a driving licence with the endorsement of ‘Transport’ on it rather he was authorized to drive a transport vehicle only from 02.11.2011 about two months or so from the date of the said accident. 23. The learned Tribunal in holding that the driver is having a valid driving licence at the time of the accident is not wrong however no definite finding was returned as to whether the said driving licence was having an endorsement of ‘Transport’ on it at the time of the accident. On examination of Exhibit A what can be ascertained is that the driver was allowed to drive a transport vehicle only from 02.11.2011. In all probability the OPW 1 is privy to the full details of the said driving licence of the driver as could be seen from the extractand the one held by the driveris an abridged format of the same which would not carry all the details of date of renewal or subsequent endorsement of ‘Transport’ on the body of the same and as such this aspect of the evidence has escape the scrutiny of the learned Tribunal. 24. This being the case the contention of Mr. Jindal has validity as far as the nature of the driving licence of the said driver Shri Sylvester Sohtun at the time of the accident is concerned that the same is not valid for transport In the light of the above what has been established herein is that the fact that the said driver Shri Sylvester Sohtun was holding a driving licence not endorsed to enable him to drive a transport vehicle constitutes a breach of the policy condition between the Insured and the Insurer the Insurer is not liable to pay the compensation. However in the light of a number of pronouncements by the Hon’ble Supreme Court including the case of New India Insurance Co. Shimlacited by the Appellant and also in the case of Shamanna & Anr v. Divisional Manager Oriental Insurance Company Limited & Ors:9 SCC 650 wherein at paragraph 15 of the same the Hon’ble Supreme Court under the facts and circumstances has directed the Insurance company to pay the enhanced compensation to the Claimant along with accrued interests and the Insurance company to recover the same from the owner of the vehicle the same principle of pay and recover is made applicable in this instant case. 26. On the next point of contention raised by Mr. Jindal that is the rate of interest which according to him should not be quantified at the rate of 9% pa but in the light of the recent judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court and considering the economic condition of the country as well as the prevailing rate of interest offered by the banks the rate of interest should have been pegged at 6% pa this Court having considered the authority cited by the learned counsel that is the case of Smti Ronilla Ch. Marak & Anr. v. Mr Aftar Ali & Ors in which this Court vide order dated 27.08.2021 in MAC App. No. 18 while dealing with the issue of interest in the said case relying on relevant judgments of the Hon’ble Supreme Court has allowed the interest of 6% pa instead of 9% pa to be awarded on the award of compensation given. This being the case this instant case being similarly situated as far as the issue of interest is concerned this Court is inclined to confine the rate of interest herein to 6% pa. 27. Consequently this appeal is allowed to the extent indicated above with further direction to the Appellant New India Assurance Co. Ltd. Shillong to satisfy the award modified herein within a period of 30(thirty) days from the date of this order. 28. With the above this appeal is hereby disposed of. 29. Registry is directed to send back the case record. Judge “D. Nary PS” 