Cheque not having CTS authentication automatically would be invalidated in terms of the guidelines issued by the RBI : Jammu and Kashmir High Court
The RBI has categorically issued a notification wherein it is stated that Non-CTS cheques will not be presented before the Bank for encashment from December 31, 2013. This was upheld in the judgment passed by a single judge bench comprising of HON’BLE MS. JUSTICE SINDHU SHARMA, in the matter Ravi Kumar Sharma V. Yoginder Singh [IA No. 01/2016], dealt with an issue where the petitioner filed a petition seeking quashing of criminal proceedings in which cognizance under section 138 of the Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881 has been taken by the Sub-Judge/Special Mobile Magistrate, Jammu on the complaint filed by the respondent. The complaint was filed by the respondent/complainant herein alleging that the petitioner borrowed a sum of Rs.2,50,000/- from the complainant and after some time, he issued a cheque drawn on Ellaquai Dehati Bank, Jammu for liquidation of the debts. The cheque was presented by the respondent/complainant for payment but the said cheque was dis-honoured vide memo. The petitioner seeks exercise of the inherent powers of this Court under Section 561-A Cr.P.C, on the ground that the complaint is false and frivolous, because as per Income Tax Act, every loan beyond Rs.2,00,000/- could be advanced only through cheque and since the complainant has nowhere pleaded in his complaint that the amount was paid in cheque, therefore, it is a violation of Section 266 (ss) of the Income Tax Act and the stand of the respondent-complainant is that he paid Rs. 2,50,000/- in cash is false. The complaint is liable to be dismissed because the cheque for which, the complaint was filed could not have been presented before the Bank and, as such, the same could not have been encashed also for the reason that it became obsolete by December 2013, therefore, it is not legally enforceable debt against which the complaint under Section 138 of Negotiable Instrument Act. Moreover, the cheque could not have been given by the petitioner herein on 05.02.2015 because the same had become obsolete and it is categorically mentioned in the statement duly made by the petitioner that the cheque was issued from Mr. Surinder Khanna in the year 2006-2007. After hearing both sides, the Hon’ble High Court of Jammu and Kashmir dismissed the petition and held that the powers of this Court under Section 561-A Cr.P.C. are not to promote such litigation which is opposed to the concept of justice which is also a paramount importance because the petitioner has nowhere denied his signatures on the cheque, therefore, he claims to know so much about income tax and CTC, yet he issued a cheque, which was not CTC which borders on cheating and fraud, though the 4 CRMC No. 497/2016 respondent has not filed any case of cheating before the police against him, but the respondent appears only interested in recovery of his money and no harassment to the accused. Click here to view judgement Judgement reviewed by – Vaishnavi Raman
HIGH COURT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AT SRINAGAR Through video conferencing) WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 Pronounced on: 16 .06.2020 Through: Mr. Shuja Ul Haq Advocate .…Petitioner(s) Ali Mohammad Charloo @ Sagar V s Union Territory of J&K and others .…Respondent(s) Through: Mr. B. A Dar Sr. AAG CORAM : HON’BLE MRS. JUSTICE SINDHU SHARMA JUDGE 01. This petition has been filed by the detenu through his son challenging his detention vide order No. DMS PSA 145 2020 dated 05.02.2020 passed by the District Magistrate Srinagar in exercise of his powers under section 8 of Jammu & Kashmir Public Safety Act. 02. Briefly stated the facts as narrated in the petition are that the detenu is a member of National Conference Party a regional political party of the erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir. The detenu being an active Member of the party has represented his party in elections held in 1996 2002 2008 and 2014 and has also secured the mandate of people. He also held various portfolios as Minister of Home Department Department of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs and R&B Department. 03. Article 370 of the Constitution of India came to be abrogated on 5th 6th of August 2019 and apprehending opposition by the petitioner in this regard he was arrested on 6th of August 2019 under sections 107 and 151 2 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 Cr.P.C. The order of detention was however passed on 05.02.2020 by the detaining authority with a view to prevent him from acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order. 04. This detention order has been assailed by the detenu on the following grounds: i) That the order of detention is unconstitutional illegal and bad in law as the detenu was already in custody u s 107 151 Cr.P.C when the detention order was passed and the detaining authority has neither shown any awareness of the fact nor shown any compelling reasons for passing the order of detention. ii) There is no subjective satisfaction recorded which is sine qua non for passing the order of detention. iii) The detaining authority has not assigned any compelling and cogent reason which necessitate for passing the order of detention. iv) The detenu was not supplied all the material on which the detaining authority has derived its satisfaction. v) The order of detention is based on verbatim reproduces of the police dossier and there is no application of mind by the detaining board nor approved by it. vi) The grounds of detention were neither referred to the advisory vii) The detention order is based on mere apprehension and grounds of detention are vague irrelevant and non existent which do not disclose any activity prejudice to maintenance of public order or 3 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 any eminent threat to public order. There is no proximate link with the grounds of detention and threat to public order. viii) The order of detention has neither been approved by the government within statutory period nor the detenu was heard by the Advisory Board. 05. Mr. Shuja Ul Haq learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the petitioner is an active member of National Conference Party who has always worked within the framework of Constitution of India. It is also the role of opposition to criticize policies of the Government to see that the same are within the framework of Constitution of India for the welfare of the citizens. He however submits that the detenu has never been involved in any activity against the maintenance of law and public order. He while reiterating the grounds of detention submitted that the detention order is liable to be quashed because the detaining authority has not shown its awareness to the fact that the detenu was already in custody and it has not assigned any compelling and cogent reasons for passing the order of detention. Reliance has been placed on judgments in Thahira Haris & ors. vs. Govt. of Karnataka & ors. 11 SCC 438 Jai Singh & ors. vs. State of J&K and ors. AIR 1985 SC 764’ and Mohd. Yousuf Rather vs. State of Jammu and Kashmir & others AIR 1979 SC 1925. 06. Mr. B. A Dar learned Senior Additional Advocate General appearing for the respondents submitted that the detaining authority has passed the order of detention after carefully examining the record and recorded its satisfaction. It was found necessary to detain the detenu to prevent him from acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order and all statutory and constitutional guarantees have been complied and the grounds 4 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 of detention were provided to the detenu within the statutory period prescribed under section 13 of the Act. In compliance to District Magistrate’s detention order the warrants were executed by the Executive Officer Dy. SPStation House Officer Police Station Khanyar. 07. Mr. Dar further argued that the grounds of detention were explained to the detenu and the execution report is also placed on record. The Government in exercise of its powers under sub sectionof Section 8 of J&K Public Safety Act 1978 approved the aforesaid detention order and on the basis of the opinion of the State Advisory Board has confirmed the detention of the detenu. The detenu however despite having received the grounds of detention did not made any representation. In support of his case he has relied on judgment of the Supreme Court in Haradhan Saha vs. State of W. B. 3 SCC 198 and also on Mian Abdul Qayoom vs Union Territory of J&K & ors. LPA No. 28 2020 decided on 08. Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record. 09. The order of detention in this case has been passed on the apprehension referred in the grounds of detention in Para Nos. 3 to 7 which are reproduced as under : “Whereas you are a known political figure in Srinagar City and enjoys good popularity in Khanyar Constituency which is part of down town area of Srinagar city besides you are having a good liaison with respectable and youth of the area. Recently in July 2019 you have addressed your party workers at your residence situated at Airport Road Humhama stating there that if Article 370 & 35are abrogated you will unite and raise voice against Union of India as has already been decided by National Conference besides informed your party workers 5 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 about various decision taken by National Conference if Article 370 & 35will be abrogated by Government of India. Whereas reportedly you impressed upon his party workers who attended meeting at your residence that youth of Khanyar Constituency be informed regarding the meeting and tell them to be ready for mass agitation if Article 370 is revoked. Presently you are General Secretary of National Conference and are very vocal against abolishing of Article 370 and 35of Constitution of India and also against bifurcation of erstwhile J&K State. You have led many protest marches in this behalf and created problems in public order within District Srinagar besides instigated general youth in general party workers and youth belonging to your constituency in particular. Your capacity can be gauged from this fact that you were able to convince your electorates to come out and vote in huge numbers even during peak militancy and poll boycotts. Whereas you took out a protest rally alongwith about 250 party workers towards Lalchowk in view of Court hearing of Article 35 and while addressing at Khansahib Budgam you criticized government for alleged anti people policies including abrogation of Article 370 & 35(A) of Indian Constitution. White addressing a party workers meeting you again criticized Government for alleged anti people policies and attempt to Abrogation Article 370 & 35 of India Constitution. Whereas you have been very vocal against abolishing of Article 370 and 35(A) of Constitution of India and also against bifurcation of erstwhile J&K State. You have posted may provoking and instigating comments ideas on social networking sites so as to instigate common people against the decision of Union of India. Whereas your activities are highly prejudicial to the maintenance of Public order and have a significant effect and influence upon the ideology of common people. Your capacity 6 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 of influencing people for any cause could be gauged from this fact that you were able to convince your electorate to come out and vote in huge numbers even during peak militancy and poll boycotts. Your activities are aiming to raise a voice against union of India by way of encouraging mass agitation thus it would be safely said that by way of your influence in Beerwah Sonawar constituency you can get large numbers to protest against decision taken by Government of India.” 10. However whether the activities referred above would be sufficient for his detention has to be considered when compared to grounds of detention in case titled Mohd. Yousuf Rather vs. State of Jammu and Kashmir and others AIR 1979 SC 1925. These grounds are extracted below: ‘You are a die hard Naxalite and you are notorious for your activities which are proving prejudicial to the maintenance of public order. You are in the habit of organising meetings secret as well as public in which you instigate the people to create lawlessness which spreads panic in the minds of a common people. You are also reported to be in the habit of going from one village to the other with intent to compel the shopkeepers to close down their shops and participate in the meetings. You are reported to have recently started a campaign in villages asking the inhabitants not to sell their extra paddy crop to the Government and in case they are compelled to do so they should manhandle the Government officials deputed for the purpose of purchasing shali on voluntary basis from the On 9 2 79 you after compelling the shopkeepers to close down their shops organised a meeting at Chowalgam and asked the participants to lodge protests against the treatment meted out to Shri Z. A. Bhutto late Prime Minister of Pakistan by General Zia UI Haq in fact you did not have any sympathy for the late Prime Minister but you did it with the intent to exploit the situation and create lawlessness’.” 7 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 11. Even though the detenu in above case before the Supreme Court was a die hard Naxalite and as compared to the grounds of detention in the present case which in a democracy are the normal activities of a politician who admittedly is an active member of National Conference party since 1977 and has been legislature as well as the Member of Cabinet in the erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir. His opposition to the abrogation of Articles 370 & 35(A) of the Constitution of India is not sometime new but the question is whether such apprehension could be a ground for his detention in the present case while considering the grounds of detention with the case of Mohd. Yousuf Rather. In my opinion the grounds of detention of the detenu are so fragile in the present case that they do not justify his detention in view of the law laid down by the Supreme Court in case of Mohd Yousuf Rather supra) holding that: “We are primarily concerned this case with Article 22(5) which is as follows: “................The extent and the content of Article 22(5) have been the subject matter of repeated pronouncements by this Court consistently adopted by this Court is perhaps one of the outstanding contributions of the Court in the cause of Human Rights. The law is now well settled that a detenu has two rights under Article 22(5) of the Constitution:To be informed as soon as may be of the grounds on which the order of detention is based that is the grounds which led to the subjective satisfaction of the detaining authority andto be afforded the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order of detention that is to be furnished with sufficient 8 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 particulars to enable him to make a representation which on being considered may obtain relief to him. The inclusion of an irrelevant or non existent ground among other relevant grounds is an infringement of the first of the rights and the inclusion of an obscure or vague ground among other clear and definite grounds is an infringement of the second of the rights. In either case there is an invasion of the Constitutional rights of the detenu entitling him to approach the Court for relief. The reason for saying that the inclusion of even a single irrelevant of obscure ground among several relevant and clear grounds is an invasion of the detenu s constitutional right is that the Court is precluded from adjudicating upon the sufficiency of the grounds and it cannot substitute its objective decision for the subjective satisfaction of the detaining authority.” 12. Finally in Para 20 of the aforesaid judgment it was held that the allegations are irrelevant and vague. Paras 20 & 24 are reproduced as follows: “20. The distinction made in Naresh Chandra Ganguly s supra) case between the preamble meaning thereby the recital in terms of the statutory provision and the grounds meaning thereby the conclusions of fact which led to the passing of the order of detention does not justify any distinction being made between introductory facts background facts and grounds as such. All allegations of fact which have led to the passing of the order of detention are grounds of detention . If such allegations are irrelevant or vague the detenu is entitled to be released. In paragraph five it is said that the detenu instigated educated unemployed youth to go on a hunger strike. A hunger strike in our country is a well known form of peaceful protest but it is difficult to connect it with public disorder. We consider this ground also to be vague and irrelevant. The allegation that the detenu made derogatory remarks about Shri Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah Chief Minister of Kashmir and 9 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 compared him with General Zia of Pakistan appears to us again to be entirely irrelevant. I do not think it is necessary to refer to all the grounds in any further detail as that has been done by my brother Shinghal J.” 13. The detention is also bad because he has been arrested under Sections 107 151 Cr.P.C. and was still in custody when the detention order was passed. However there is nothing on record to show that the detaining authority was aware of the fact or that the detenu was likely to be released. Detaining Authority in such a case must show that there are compelling reasons for detention in the absence of which his detention would be illegal as held by the Supreme Court in Vijay Kumar vs. Union of India & ors. AIR 1988 SC 934 which reads as under : awareness of the detaining authority of the fact that the detenu is already in detention and ii) there must be compelling reasons justifying such detention despite the fact that the detenu is already under 14. Moreover there is nothing in the grounds of detention as to when and on which date he took out a protest rally with 250 party workers towards Lal Chowk after the so called hearing Article 35before whom as also the date on which he addressed gathering at Khansahib Budgam where he allegedly criticized the Government. Every such activity should have nexus with the alleged abrogation of Articles which took place on 5th & 6th of August 2019 but no such nexus has been alleged in the grounds of 15. The detention order of detenu is illegal because the Detaining Authority has not shown its awareness to the fact that the detenu was 10 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 already in custody in view of the law laid down in N. Meera Rani Vs. Government of Tamil Nadu AIR 1989 SC 2027 which states as under: “We may summarise and reiterate the settled principle. Subsisting custody of the detenu by itself does not invalidate an order of his preventive detention and the decision must depend on the facts of the particular case preventive detention being necessary to prevent the detenu from acting in any manner prejudicial to the security of the State or to the maintenance of public order etc. ordinarily it is not needed when the detenu is already in custody the detaining authority must show its awareness to the fact of subsisting custody of the detenu and take that factor into account while making the order but even so if the detaining authority is reasonably satisfied on cogent material that there is likelihood of his release and in view of his antecedent activities which are proximate in point of time he must be detained in order to prevent him from indulging in such prejudicial activities the detention order can be validly made even in anticipation to operate on his release. This appears to us to be the correct legal position. In this case this Court has pointed out that there was no indication in the detention order read with its annexure that the detaining authority considered it likely that the detenu could be released on bail and that the contents of the order showed the satisfaction of the detaining authority that there was ample material to prove the detenu s complicity in the Bank dacoity including sharing of the booty in spite of absence of his name in the FIR as one of the dacoits. The Court held that the order for detention was invalid since it was made when the detenu was already in jail custody for the offence of bank dacoity with no prospect of his release.” 11 WP(Cr1) No. 53 2020 16. The judgments relied upon by the learned Sr. AAG have no relevance to the facts of this case. grounds taken in the petition. In view of the above discussion there is no need to advert to the other 18. For the aforesaid reasons this petition is allowed and the impugned detention order No. DMS PSA 145 2020 dated 05.02.2020 passed by the District Magistrate Srinagar is hereby quashed. Respondents shall set the detenu at liberty forthwith provided he is not required in any other case. 19. Let the detention record be returned back to the learned counsel for the respondents against proper receipt. Judge 16 .06.2020 SUNIL II Whether the order is speaking: Whether the order is reportable: Yes 