Dying declaration made genuinely and naturally by the victim cannot be unreasonably disbelieved: Supreme Court
The dying declaration is the most relevant piece of evidence to which one may resort to. A dying declaration is a statement made by a prudent individual who is aware that death is inescapable due to the critical circumstances and situations which he/she had undergone and on that he considers being the cause or circumstances of his death. Thus, it is the most credible and trustworthy piece of evidence. In the case of Satpal v. State of Haryana [CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.261 OF 2021], the Supreme Court had upheld the importance of the dying declaration. The fact of the case initiates when the appeal was filed by the accused in Session Case No.20 of 2008, on the file of the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Yamuna Nagar at Jagadhri, who was aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 05th September 2016, issued by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh, which confirmed his conviction and sentence for an offense under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The dispute of law initiates when the deceased has stated that the appellant/ accused had poured kerosene oil on her and set her on fire. The appellant / accused, as well as three others, Kamlesh, Mitter Sain, and Anjali, the deceased’s mother-in-law, brother-in-law, and sister-in-law, were charged after an investigation. The other accused persons, however, were discharged by order dated 12.08.2008, and a charge was laid against the appellant herein for an offense punishable under Section 302 of the IPC, to which he pleaded not guilty and demanded a trial. The above allegations were denied by the appellant and he pleaded that it was falsely implicated in as much as the deceased, Pooja Rani, was under a misconception that he had illicit relations with Anjali (sister-in-law). On behalf of the appellant / accused, no witnesses were examined. The Judges, in this case, were Justice Ashok Bhushan and Justice R. Subhash Reddy. Thus, it was held in the case that “If we look at dying declaration, recorded by the Magistrate, it looks natural and no reason to disbelieve the same. In addition to the dying declaration, the statements of PW-5 and PW-6, who are mother and maternal uncle respectively of the deceased, corroborate the case of prosecution. It is clear from their statements that the deceased was tortured at the hands of the appellant and his family members. The Magistrate, in her deposition, has clearly stated that the relatives of deceased, Pooja Rani, were not there at the time of recording dying declaration of the deceased.” “it clearly establishes the guilt of the appellant, beyond reasonable doubt, as such, we find no merit in any of the contentions, advanced by the learned counsel for the appellant. Further, merely because the parents and other relatives of the deceased were present in the Hospital, when the statement of the deceased was recorded, it cannot be said that the said statement was a tutored one. It is quite natural that when such an incident happens, the parents and other relatives try to reach the hospital immediately. Merely because they were in the hospital, the same is no ground to disbelieve the dying declaration, recorded by the Magistrate, who was examined as PW-16.”
 IN THE CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.261 OF 2021 Arising out of SLPNo.58018 Satpal ....Appellant(s State of Haryana vs JUDGMENT R.SUBHASH REDDY J This appeal has been filed by the accused in Session Case No.208 on the file of the learned Additional Sessions Judge Yamuna Nagar at Jagadhri aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 05th September 2016 passed by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh whereby his conviction and order of sentence for offence under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Codewas confirmed On information received from J. P. Hospital Yamuna Nagar regarding admission of the deceased Pooja Rani on account of burn injuries a case was registered in FIR No. 112 on 20.03.2008 initially under Section 307 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code and on death of Pooja Rani i.e. on 27.03.2008 Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code was added. On receipt of information Mr. Ishwar Singh A.S.I. of Police Station City Yamuna Nagar went to the J. P. Hospital along with other police officials and noticed that the deceased suffered 90 per cent injuries and at that stage she was declared fit to make statement. On the request of the police Ms. Kumud Gugnani Judicial Magistrate First Class Yamuna Nagar Jagadhri recorded the statement of deceased In the declaration recorded by the Judicial Magistrate First Class Yamuna Nagar Jagadhri the deceased has stated that the appellant accused has poured kerosene oil and set her ablaze. After investigation Charge Sheet was filed against the appellant accused and three others namely Kamlesh Mitter Sain and Anjali mother in law brother in law and sister in law respectively of the deceased However vide order dated 12.08.2008 the other accused persons were discharged and charge was framed against the appellant herein for offence punishable under Section 302 of the IPC to which he pleaded not guilty and claimed trial To prove the charge framed by the appellant herein the prosecution examined C. Narender Kumar as PW 1 C. Ram Kumar as PW 2 Jai Pal ASI as PW 3 EHC Prem Singh as PW 4 Varsha Rani as PW 5 Kashmiri Lal as PW 6 Pyara Singh Inspector as PW 7 Jai Kishan ASI as PW 8 Dr. Manisha Singh as PW 9 EHC Satwinder Singh as PW 10 Raj Kumar SI as PW 11 Lal Singh ASI as PW 12 Dr. Amit Goel as PW 13 Balraj Singh ASI as PW 14 Ishwar Singh ASI as PW 15 and Kumud Gugnani as When the statement of the appellant under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure was recorded the appellant denied the allegations levelled against him and pleaded that he was falsely implicated inasmuch as the deceased Pooja Rani was under a misconception that he had illicit relations with Anjali sister in law). On behalf of the appellant accused no witnesses were examined. The Trial Court by appreciating oral and documentary evidence on record by judgment and order dated 03.11.2009 convicted the appellant for offence punishable under Section 302 of the IPC and sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for life and to pay fine of Rs.10 000 with a default clause to undergo further rigorous imprisonment of two years Aggrieved by the conviction recorded and sentence imposed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge Yamuna Nagar Jagadhri the appellant herein preferred Criminal Appeal No. D 147 DB of 2010 before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh. The High Court vide impugned judgment and order dated 05th September 2016 dismissed the appeal by confirming the conviction recorded and sentence imposed on the We have heard Mrs. Nanita Sharma learned counsel appearing for the appellant and Mr. Deepak Thukral learned Dy. A.G. appearing for the respondent State 10. Learned counsel for the appellant has contended that though the evidence on record led by the prosecution is not sufficient to prove the guilt of the accused the Trial Court has erroneously convicted the appellant for offence under Section 302 of the IPC and the same was confirmed by the High Court without considering various grounds raised on behalf of the appellant. It is further contended by the learned counsel that the conviction is mainly based on the dying declaration recorded by the Magistrate who was examined as PW 16. It is submitted that the dying declaration was tutored one and the same was made at the instance of family members of the deceased who were there with the deceased in hospital at the relevant time. It is submitted that in fact when the deceased made attempt to commit suicide the appellant has tried his best to extinguish the fire. Lastly he has submitted that the conviction recorded by the Trial Court as confirmed by the High Court is fit to be set aside by this Court. 11. On the other hand the learned Dy. A.G. appearing for the State has contended that the prosecution has proved the guilt of the accused for offence under Section 302 of the IPC beyond reasonable doubt. It is submitted that immediately on receipt of information Mr. Ishwar Singh ASI went to the hospital along with other police officials and found that the deceased has suffered 90 per cent injuries but she was in a fit condition to make statement. It is submitted that on request Ms. Kumud Gugnani the then Judicial Magistrate First Class Yamuna Nagar Jagadhri recorded the statement of deceased Pooja Rani under Exhibit ‘Ex PL’ wherein she stated that she was married to the appellant three years prior to the incident and that the appellant was under the influence of his brother’s wife and used to act on her instigation. In the statement recorded the deceased clearly stated that the appellant has poured kerosene oil on her and set her ablaze. It is submitted that merely because her family members have reached the hospital on coming to know of the burn injuries suffered by the deceased it cannot be said that the declaration made by the deceased before the Magistrate was a tutored one. It is submitted that at the time of recording of statement of deceased all the family members were sent out and the statement was recorded as deposed by the deceased. It is submitted that if the entire evidence is considered it clearly proves the case of the prosecution for offence under Section 302 of the IPC. It is submitted that the evidence on record is properly appreciated by the Trial Court as well as the High Court and in view of the concurrent findings recorded by both the Courts below no case is made out to interfere with the same 12. Having heard learned counsels on both sides we have perused the impugned judgment judgment of the Trial Court and other material evidence placed on 13. In this case it is to be noticed that at first instance on coming to know that the deceased Pooja Rani was admitted to hospital with the burn injuries as informed by the police the ASI went to the hospital along with other police officials. When it was noticed that the deceased has suffered 90 per cent injuries and was in a fit condition to make a declaration he sent a request to the concerned Magistrate upon which the Judicial Magistrate First Class Yamuna Nagar Jagadhri recorded the statement of the deceased Pooja Rani which was exhibited as Ex PL. In her dying declaration she has clearly stated that the appellant has poured Kerosene Oil on her and set her ablaze Though the family members of the appellant were also chargesheeted they were subsequently discharged vide Order dated 12.08.2008. On information given to the parents of the deceased they have come to hospital The deceased Pooja Rani was admitted in the hospital on 20.03.2008 and ultimately succumbed to injuries on 27.03.2008. It is also clear from the material evidence placed before this Court that though the family members of the deceased were in the hospital they were sent out when the dying declaration was recorded by the Magistrate who was also examined on behalf of the prosecution as PW 16 14. If we look at dying declaration recorded by the Magistrate it looks natural and no reason to disbelieve the same. In addition to the dying declaration the statements of PW 5 and PW 6 who are mother and maternal uncle respectively of the deceased corroborate the case of prosecution. It is clear from their statements that the deceased was tortured at the hands of the appellant and his family members. The Magistrate in her deposition has clearly stated that the relatives of deceased Pooja Rani were not there at the time of recording dying declaration of the 15. Further it is also relevant to notice here though the appellant has stated in his statement recorded under Section 313 of Cr.P.C. that many persons from the neighbourhood came to the house of the appellant at the time of incident no one was examined on his behalf. 16. If the dying declaration recorded by PW 16 is considered along with the depositions of PW 5 PW 6 and other witnesses who were examined on behalf of the prosecution it clearly establishes the guilt of the appellant beyond reasonable doubt as such we find no merit in any of the contentions advanced by the learned counsel for the appellant. Further merely because the parents and other relatives of the deceased were present in the Hospital when the statement of the deceased was recorded it cannot be said that the said statement was a tutored one. It is quite natural that when such an incident happens the parents and other relatives try to reach the hospital immediately. Merely because they were in the hospital the same is no ground to disbelieve the dying declaration recorded by the Magistrate who was examined as PW 16 17. For the above stated reasons and the reasons recorded by the High Court we are of the view that there is no error committed in the impugned judgment and order so as to interfere with the same in this Appeal. This Criminal Appeal is devoid of merits and the same is accordingly dismissed (ASHOK BHUSHAN (R. SUBHASH REDDY ..........................J NEW DELHI March 03 2021