Forum Shopping clearly amounts to criminal contempt: Karnataka High Court
Forum shopping is a practice where litigants file their legal case in a court which they believe is probable of providing a favourable verdict. In a broader context, it is a practice of frequently seeking a dispute resolution forum for a complaint, concern or action, until one is found. Such kind of forum shopping is a clear violation of law and amounts to criminal contempt. A single judge bench comprising of Justice PS Dinesh Kumar, while adjudicating the matter in India Awake for Transparency v. Union of India &amp; Ors, [WRIT PETITION No.172 OF 2021 (GM-RES)]; dealt with the issue of validity of forum shopping in India. The respondent had raised a preliminary objection with regard to maintainability of writ petitions. In substance, the preliminary objection is, petitioner has filed a public interest litigation with a prayer inter alia for issuance of a writ of mandamus and to direct respondents No.1 to 10 therein to constitute a multi-disciplinary investigation team to investigate and prosecute Mr. A.H. Premji and his associates for the offences alleged to have been committed by them, set out in petitioner’s representations. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs against whom a direction is sought in this writ petition was arrayed as respondent No. 2 in the said PIL. Petitioner has unconditionally withdrawn the PIL. Thereafter, it has filed five separate writ petitions against various statutory authorities. The respondent has submitted that In view of unconditional withdrawal of the PIL, this petition is not maintainable and liable to be dismissed. The respondent has also submitted that petitioner has also filed a private complaint against the Secretary, Ministry of Corporate Affairs with a prayer to register an ‘Information Report’ on the basis of petitioner’s three letters mentioned therein and to direct an investigation. He submitted that in the said private complaint, list of persons allegedly involved in the commission of offences have been mentioned in the schedule and they are not shown as accused in the cause-title. He argued that such a private complaint is alien to the standard practice because, the accused are required to be described in the cause-title. The response by the petitioner was that the relief sought in the PIL and in this writ petition are not one and the same. If a petitioner seeks different relief on the same cause of action, the doctrine of res judicata does not apply.
 IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU DATED THIS THE 12TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2021 THE HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE P.S. DINESH KUMAR WRIT PETITION No.172 OF 2021BETWEEN : INDIA AWAKE FOR TRANSPARENCY REP. BY P. SADANAND AUTHORISED SIGNATORY SHRISTHI CRESCENDO 24 DESIKA ROAD MYLAPORE CHENNAI 600 004 ... PETITIONER UNION OF INDIA THROUGH ITS SECRETARY MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS SHASTRI BHAWAN NEW DELHI 110 001 BY SHRI. R. SUBRAMANIAN ADVOCATE) THROUGH VIDEO CONFERENCE] AND : 1. 3. MRS. YASEEM AZIM PREMJI MR. AZIM H. PREMJI SURVEY NO.574 DODDAKANNELLI VILLAGE SARJAPUR ROAD BENGALURU560 035 SURVEY NO.574 DODDAKANNELLI VILLAGE SARJAPUR ROAD BENGALURU560 035 MR. PAGALTHIVARTHI SRINIVASAN NO.524 16TH CROSS INDIRA NAGAR II STAGE BENGALURU 560 038 5. M S. HASHAM INVESTMENT BY SHRI. S. GANESH SENIOR ADVOCATE AND SHRI. C.V. NAGESH SENIOR ADVOCATE FOR SHRI. SANDEEP HUILGOL ADVOCATE FOR R5) AND TRADING COMPANY PVT LTD REP. BY MR. AZIM H PREMJI NO.134 NEXT TO WIPRO CORPORATE OFFICE SARAJAPUR ROAD BENGALURU 560 035 ... RESPONDENTS . . . THIS WRIT PETITION IS FILED UNDER ARTICLE 226 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PRAYING TO DIRECT THE R 1 TO BASED ON THE INFORMATION DTD.14.03.2017 30.01.2020 AND 09.11.2020 FURNISHED BY THE PETITIONER UNDER ANNEXURE Y AND BASED THEREON DIRECT INVESTIGATION OF THE R 5 UNDER SECTION 212 OF THE COMPANIES ACT 2013 AND ETC. THIS WRIT PETITION HAVING BEEN HEARD AND RESERVED FOR ORDERS ON 29.01.2021 COMING ON FOR PRONOUNCEMENT OF ORDERS THIS DAY THE COURT PRONOUNCED THE FOLLOWING: ORDER This is third petition in succession filed by India Awake for Transparency against different authorities to initiate action in the matter of acquisition of shares and amalgamation of Company. In all the cases Shri. Ganesh learned Senior Advocate appearing for private respondent has raised a preliminary objection with regard to maintainability of writ petitions. In substance the preliminary objection is petitioner W.P.No.3635 2020 with a prayer inter alia for issuance of a writ of mandamus and to direct respondents No.1 to 10 therein to constitute a multi disciplinary investigation team to investigate and prosecute Mr.A.H.Premjiand his associates for the offences alleged to have been committed by them set out in petitioner s representations submitted to respondents No.1 to 6 therein. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs against whom a direction is sought in this writ petition was arrayed as respondent No. 2 in the said PIL. Petitioner has unconditionally withdrawn the PIL. Thereafter it has filed five separate writ petitions against various statutory authorities. W.P. No. 13838 2020 is against SEBI W.P. No.12073 2020 is against Enforcement Directorate W.P. No.11482 2020 is against Reserve Bank of India based on the representations dated January 30 2020 and February 3 2020 submitted by the petitioner. In this writ petition petitioner has prayed for a direction against respondent No.1 to act on the basis of information given by him on March 14 2017 January 30 2020 November 9 2020. Shri. C.V. Nagesh learned Senior Advocate for respondent No.5 argued that petitioner has approached Delhi High Court also in WP(C) No. 4905 2017 with a prayer inter alia to direct Department of Financial Services Ministry of Finance Ministry of Corporate Affairs and the RBI to take action on its complaints dated November 1 2016 March 14 2017 and April 28 2017. By its order dated May 29 2017 a Division Bench of Delhi High Court has disposed of the said writ petition with a direction to the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Corporate Affairs to examine the complaints. Pursuant thereto Ministry of Corporate Affairs has passed an order dated November 10 2017. Shri. Nagesh further submitted that petitioner has also filed a private complaint against the Secretary Ministry of Corporate Affairs with a prayer to register an Information Report on the basis of petitioner s three letters mentioned therein and to direct an investigation. He submitted that in the said private complaint list of persons allegedly involved in the commission of offences have been mentioned in the schedule and they are not shown as accused in the cause title. He argued that such a private complaint is alien to the standard practice because the accused are required to be described in the cause title. Shri. Nagesh further submitted that petitioner Company is no more in existence pursuant to orders passed by the Regional Director Ministry of Corporate Affairs on August 17 2018 revoking the licence issued to the petitioner Company. Shri. Nagesh further submitted that petitioner has approached Delhi High Court with a prayer for a direction against Ministry of Corporate Affairs to initiate action in respect of three complaints mentioned in the petition. The complaint dated March 14 2017 is common in writ petition filed before the Delhi High Court as also in this writ petition. The complaint dated January 30 2020 is common in the PIL and this writ petition. In reply Shri. Subramanian learned Advocate for petitioner made following submission:  the relief sought in the PIL and in this writ petition are not one and the same if a petitioner seeks different relief on the same cause of action the doctrine of res judicata does not apply  what was under consideration before the Division Bench while hearing the PIL was maintainability of PIL at the instance of the petitioner. Petitioner withdrew the writ petition as a PIL was not maintainable and thereafter filed independent writ petitions against different respondents  the PIL was withdrawn as there was a formal defect which had rendered the writ petition incompetent. Therefore petitioner cannot be barred from agitating his cause in this writ petition. 11. With the above main contentions Shri. Subramanian sought to oppose the preliminary objection. 12. I have carefully considered rival contentions and perused the records. 13. At the outset it is relevant to note that this very Bench has dismissed W.Ps. No.13838 2020 and W.P. No.12073 20201 SCC 5 2M s. Vidya Investment and Trading Company Private Limited 2) M s. Napean Trading and Investment Company Private Limited 3) M s Regal Investment and Trading Company Private Limited with the transferee Company viz M s Hasham Investment and Trading company Private Limited vide CP No.182 to 185 2014as marked by you) and have to state as follows. The equity shareholding of all the three transferor companies are interlinked cross held and that each of the transferor companies owned by the other two transferor companies. M s. Vidya Investment and Trading Company Private Limited is owned by M s. Napean Trading and Investment Company Private Limited and M s Regal Investment and Trading Company Private Limited jointly while M s. Napean Trading and Investment Company Private Limited is owned by M s. Vidya Investment and Trading Company Private Limited and M s Regal Investment and Trading Company Private Limited. Similarly M s Regal Investment and Trading Company Private Limited is owned by M s. Vidya Investment and Trading Company Private Limited and M s. Napean Investment and Trading Company Private Limited each of these companies are registered under Companies Act and therefore are legal persons capable of owning property and enjoy the privileges of a corporate person. Hence it is not correct to say that the transferor companies are ownerless and that the assets of the said companies belong to Union of India. It is further stated that the Companies Act allows a company to be incorporated with the subscription to the Memorandum by Corporate Entities. There is no stipulation that these shall be natural persons for subscribing to the Memorandum. Accordingly a private company can be incorporated and also owned by the stipulated number of companies registered under the subsisting Company Law. At the time of consideration of the scheme the transferee company was having the following shareholders:a) Azim Premzi: 40 05 010 equity shares b) Yasmeen Premzi: 5010 equity shares The scheme provided for merger of the three transferor companies to M s. Hasham Investment and Trading Company Private Limited which was fully owned by Mr.Azim Premzi and Yasmeen Premzi. This fact was reported by the ROC Bangalore in his report to the Regional Director on 27.08.2014. Thus no private trust was holding any shares of M s.Hasham Investment and Trading Company Private Limited at that point of time. The brief for the ROC in respect of such scheme is to report to Regional Director if the companies under the scheme are facing any complaints inspection investigation and like as well as to provide observations if any on the proposed schemes. In the instance case the scheme is a Vanilla scheme with merger of assets and liabilities of transferor companies to the transferee company without any saving whatsoever. None of the companies involved in the scheme are also not falling any complaints nor any Regulatory actions. Accordingly there is no negative ground or observation whatsoever for the Regional Director to report to the Hon ble Court in the said scheme except to the extent that the transferee company is not NBFC while the transferor companies were NBFC s and were registered with the RBI being the Regulator. The Regional Director had also observed that the transferee company cannot undertake the business of transferor company and hence need to undertake to register with RBI as NBFC company. The Regional Director s report to the Hon ble Court specifically requires submission on NOC from RBI. It also dealt with pointed out the qualifications of Auditors on the balance sheets of transferor companies which were relating to certain non compliance of RBI Regulations applicable for NBFCs thus the Regional Director has carried on due diligence before filing his report on the merger before the Hon ble High Court in response to the notice u s 394A of the Companies Act 1956. It is also observed that the OL Bangalore had caused appointment of Chartered Accountant firm to verify the books and records of the transferor companies before filing his report. The said firm opined that the transferor companies have not conducted their affairs against public interest or against interest of its In the light of the above it may be noted that there were no grounds for the Regional Director either to have made any negative observations before the Hon ble High Court of Karnataka at the time of merger nor are there any tenable grounds to seek annulment revocation of the approved merger."(Sic.) 17. Not being satisfied petitioner has filed a PIL in this Court and withdrawn unconditionally. Thereafter he has filed five separate writ petitions against different authorities. 18. Shri. Subramanian s specific contention is relief sought in this writ petition is not the same as in the PIL before this Court. Prayers in clauses (b) (d) andare not sought in the PIL. In prayer clause petitioner has sought for a direction against the Ministry of Corporate Affairs to authorize petitioner under Section 439(2) of the Companies Act 2013 to prosecute respondents No. 2 to 5. 19. But to a pointed question by this Court as to when the alleged offences have taken place Shri. Subramanian replied that they have taken place between 2010 and 2016 17. 20. Prayer Clause in this writ petition is for a mandamus against Ministry of Corporate Affairs to act on the information in its representation complaint dated March 14 2017 January 30 2020 and November 9 2020 furnished by the In paragraph No.1 of its complaint dated March 14 2017 petitioner has stated that three Companies namely Vidya Investment and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. Regal Investment and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. and Napean Trading and Investment Company Pvt. Ltd. have net worth in excess of Rs.40 000 Crores even though their Capital was small. In paragraph No.5 of its complaint dated January 30 2020 petitioner has stated that the said three Companies together with 100% owned subsidiaries are worth Rs.50 000 Crores that the three Companies were set out as part of promoter group of Wipro Ltd. and neither Mr. Azim Premji or his family members had any equity in these Companies. In paragraph No.1 of its complaint dated November 9 2020 petitioner has stated that the entities controlled by Mr. Azim Premji including the seven companies named therein have committed various violations under the Companies Act. Out of the said seven Companies three are the very same Companies namely Vidya Investment and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. Regal Investment and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. and Napean Trading and Investment Company Pvt. Ltd. In the PIL filed before the Delhi High Court petitioner has prayed for a direction against the Ministry of Finance Ministry of Corporate Affairs and Reserve Bank of India to decide within four weeks that nature of actions required in law to be taken by them in respect of complaints dated November 1 2016 March 14 2017 and April 28 2017. In paragraph No.14 of the said writ petition petitioner has averred that the very same three Companies namely Vidya Investment and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. Regal Investment and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. and Napean Trading and Investment Company Pvt. Ltd. registered as non Banking Finance Companies. paragraph No.29 of the said writ petition petitioner has averred that the said three Companies had given large sums of monies to a Private Trust. It is important to note that petitioner s complaint dated March 14 2017 upon which petitioner has relied is common in the PIL filed before the Delhi High Court and this writ In W.P. No.3635 2020 Transparency Vs. Union of India and others) the PIL filed in this Court petitioner has sought directions against the respondents therein based on his representation complaints dated January 30 2020 and February 3 2020. Though the dates of complaint is different the subject matter is again the same i.e. transactions involving three Companies namely Vidya Investment and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. Regal Investment and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. and Napean Trading and Investment Company Pvt. Ltd. paragraph No.10 of the writ petition). 27. Thus there remains no doubt that petitioner is indulging in forum shopping on the very same cause of action. As held in Udyami2 this amounts to criminal contempt as the core issue in all these writ petitions is one and the same. In the result this writ petition is not only devoid of merits but an absolute abuse of process of law. Though petitioner was forewarned he chose to argue this writ petition as a stand alone petition wasting the valuable time of this Court to deal with such frivolous cases. Therefore imposition of punitive cost is necessary. In view of the above the preliminary objection raised by Shri. S. Ganesh and Shri. C.V. Nagesh are sustained and this writ petition is dismissed with cost of Rs.10 00 000 payable by petitioner to the Registrar General High Court of Karnataka Bengaluru within four weeks from today. Registry shall report compliance after expiry of four weeks. In view of dismissal of this petition I.A. No.1 2021 does not survive for consideration and the same is disposed of. Sd 