28 year old with history of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and hypertension presenting for evaluation of cardiac function and scar. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is normal in size with mildly reduced systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 52%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 86 ml/m2 (normal range: 74+/-15), the LVEDV is 193 ml (normal range 142+/-34), the LV end systolic volume index is 42 ml/m2 (normal range 25+/-9), the LVESV is 93 ml (normal range 47+/-19), the LV mass index is 59 g/m2 (normal range 85+/-15), and the LV mass is 132 g (normal range 164+/-36). The left ventricular dysfunction is global. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process.Left AtriumThe left atrium is normal in size. Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 51%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 82 ml/m2 (normal range 82+/-16), the RVEDV is 184 ml (normal range 142+/-31), the RV end systolic volume index is 40 ml/m2 (normal range 31+/-9), and the RVESV is 90 ml (normal range 54+/-17).Right AtriumThe right atrium is normal in size.Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there is no significant aortic regurgitation.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is mild mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is mild tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. The aortic root is normal in size.Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size.Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium.PericardiumThere is no obvious pericardial disease.OtherIn some views, there appears to be a small patent ductus arteriosus but it is not well visualized. Of note, no PDA flow is noted on his echocardiograms. Correlation with physical exam suggested.Extracardiac FindingsThis study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. Mildly reduced left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF 52%) without evidence of scar, infarct or inflammation. The LV dysfunction is global. 2. Normal right ventricular size and function (RVEF 51%)3. There is mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. 4. In some views, there appears to be a small patent ductus arteriosus but it is not well visualized. Of note, no PDA flow is noted on his echocardiograms. Correlation with physical exam suggested.