The conversation between human and AI assistant.
[|Human|] Based on this passage, please provide a bullet-point list of the processes used to prepare semiconducting materials for integrated circuits (ICs).
[|AI|] -Thermal oxidation
-Photomasks/photolithography
-Etching (mainly plasma etching)
-Diffusion/doping
[|Human|] 
Based on this passage, please provide a bullet-point list of the processes used to prepare semiconducting materials for integrated circuits (ICs).