text:  Mingled with those wild wrecks and gloomy places of refuge rather than dwellings I saw with their ancient ornaments and even with their armorial bearings and gilded shields and spears not yet entirely defaced the palaces of the noblesse and blood-royal of France the remnants of those ten centuries of monarchy which had been powerful enough to reduce the bold tribes of the Franks to a civilized slavery and glittering enough to make them in love with their chains