(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN study)) (VP (VBN led) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NP (NNP Professor) (NNP Mark) (NNP Weiser)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Tel) (NNP Aviv) (NNP University)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Sheba) (NNP Medical) (NNP Center)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NNP Tel) (NNP Hashomer) (NNP Hospital)))))))) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN determined) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (JJ young) (NNS men)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP smoke))))) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ likely) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB have) (NP (NP (JJR lower) (NNS IQs)) (PP (IN than) (NP (PRP$ their) (VBG non-smoking) (NNS peers))))))))))))) (. .)))
A study led by Professor Mark Weiser of Tel Aviv University and the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer Hospital has determined that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs than their non-smoking peers.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
lead
led
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
Professor
Professor
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Mark
Mark
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Weiser
Weiser
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
tel
Tel
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Aviv
Aviv
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Sheba
Sheba
PROPN
NNP
amod
Degree=Pos
Medical
Medical
ADJ
NNP
conj
Number=Sing
Center
Center
PROPN
NNP
case
at
at
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
tel
Tel
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Hashomer
Hashomer
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
Hospital
Hospital
PROPN
NNP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
determine
determined
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
young
young
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
man
men
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoke
VERB
VBP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
ccomp
Degree=Pos
likely
likely
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Cmp
low
lower
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Plur
iq
IQs
NOUN
NNS
case
than
than
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
amod
VerbForm=Ger
non-smoke
non-smoking
VERB
VBG
obl
Number=Plur
peer
peers
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Tracking) (NP (NP (JJ 18-to) (JJ 21-year-old) (NNS men)) (VP (VBN enlisted) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ Israeli) (NN army))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJS largest) (RB ever) (NN study)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ its) (NN kind))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN been) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB demonstrate) (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ important) (NN connection)) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS cigarettes)))) (NP (NP (NP (JJ young) (NNS males)) (NN smoke)) (CC and) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN IQ)))))))))))) (. .)))
Tracking 18-to 21-year-old men enlisted in the Israeli army in the largest ever study of its kind, he has been able to demonstrate an important connection between the number of cigarettes young males smoke and their IQ.
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
tracking
Tracking
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
18-to
18-to
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
21-year-old
21-year-old
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
man
men
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
enlist
enlisted
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Israeli
Israeli
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
army
army
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Sup
large
largest
ADJ
JJS
amod
ever
ever
ADV
RB
obl
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
its
its
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Number=Sing
kind
kind
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
cop
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
root
Degree=Pos
able
able
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
demonstrate
demonstrate
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
important
important
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
connection
connection
NOUN
NN
case
between
between
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
number
number
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
cigarette
cigarettes
NOUN
NNS
amod
Degree=Pos
young
young
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Plur
male
males
NOUN
NNS
appos
Number=Sing
smoke
smoke
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
conj
Number=Sing
IQ
IQ
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ average) (NN IQ)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT a) (NN non-smoker)))) (VP (VBD was) (NP (RB about) (CD 101)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN while) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS smokers) (POS ')) (NN average)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD seven)) (NN IQ) (NNS points)) (JJR lower)) (, ,) (PP (IN at) (NP (RB about) (CD 94)))))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN study)) (VP (VBD determined)) (. .)))
The average IQ for a non-smoker was about 101, while the smokers' average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94, the study determined.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
average
average
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
IQ
IQ
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
non-smoker
non-smoker
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
root
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
101
101
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
while
while
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
smoker
smokers
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
nsubj
Number=Sing
average
average
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
seven
seven
NUM
CD
compound
Number=Sing
IQ
IQ
NOUN
NN
obl:npmod
Number=Plur
point
points
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Degree=Cmp
low
lower
ADJ
JJR
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
at
at
ADP
IN
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
94
94
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
parataxis
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
determine
determined
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS IQs)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ young) (NNS men)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD smoked) (NP (NP (JJR more)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN pack)) (NP (DT a) (NN day))))))))))) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (JJR lower)) (ADVP (RB still)) (, ,) (PP (IN at) (NP (RB about) (CD 90)))) (. .)))
The IQs of young men who smoked more than a pack a day were lower still, at about 90.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
iq
IQs
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
young
young
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
man
men
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoked
VERB
VBD
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
pack
pack
NOUN
NN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl:tmod
Number=Sing
day
day
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Degree=Cmp
low
lower
ADJ
JJR
advmod
still
still
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
at
at
ADP
IN
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
90
90
NUM
CD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT An) (NN IQ) (NN score)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ healthy) (NN population)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ such) (JJ young) (NNS men)))))) (, ,) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT no) (JJ mental) (NNS disorders))) (, ,) (VP (VBZ falls) (PP (IN within) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN range)) (PP (IN of) (NP (QP (CD 84) (IN to) (CD 116))))))) (. .)))
An IQ score in a healthy population of such young men, with no mental disorders, falls within the range of 84 to 116.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
An
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
IQ
IQ
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
score
score
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
healthy
healthy
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
population
population
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
such
such
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
young
young
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
man
men
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
with
with
ADP
IN
det
no
no
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
mental
mental
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
disorder
disorders
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
fall
falls
VERB
VBZ
case
within
within
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
range
range
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
84
84
NUM
CD
case
to
to
ADP
IN
nmod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
116
116
NUM
CD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (SINV (`` ``) (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NN health) (NN profession))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP 've) (ADVP (RB generally)) (VP (VBN thought) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS smokers)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RBS most) (RB likely)) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN kind)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (SBAR (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN grown) (PRT (RP up)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ difficult) (NNS neighborhoods))))))) (, ,) (CC or) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP 've) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN given) (NP (JJR less) (NN education)) (PP (IN at) (NP (JJ good) (NNS schools)))))))))))))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (VP (VBZ says)) (NP (NP (NNP Weiser)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (NN study)) (S (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN reported) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ recent) (NN version)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN journal)))))))))) (, ,)))
"In the health profession, we've generally thought that smokers are most likely the kind of people who have grown up in difficult neighborhoods, or who've been given less education at good schools," says Weiser, whose study was reported in a recent version of the journal,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
case
in
In
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
health
health
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
profession
profession
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
've
AUX
VBP
advmod
Degree=Pos
generally
generally
ADV
RB
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
think
thought
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
smoker
smokers
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
advmod
likely
likely
ADV
RB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
ccomp
Number=Sing
kind
kind
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
grow
grown
VERB
VBN
compound:prt
up
up
ADP
RP
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
difficult
difficult
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
neighborhood
neighborhoods
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
nsubj:pass
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
've
AUX
VBP
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
give
given
VERB
VBN
amod
Degree=Cmp
less
less
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Sing
education
education
NOUN
NN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
good
good
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
school
schools
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
nsubj
Number=Sing
Weiser
Weiser
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nmod:poss
Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel
whose
whose
PRON
WP$
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
report
reported
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
recent
recent
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
version
version
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
journal
journal
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (, ,) (`` ``) (CC But) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP$ our) (NN study)) (VP (VBD included) (NP (NP (NNS subjects)) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJ various) (JJ socio-economic) (NNS backgrounds))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP 've) (VP (VBN been) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB rule) (PRT (RP out)) (NP (NNS socio-economics)) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT a) (JJ major) (NN factor))))))))) (. .)))
, "But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we've been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor.
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
cc
but
But
CCONJ
CC
mark
because
because
SCONJ
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
include
included
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Plur
subject
subjects
NOUN
NNS
case
with
with
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
various
various
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
socio-economic
socio-economic
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
background
backgrounds
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
've
AUX
VBP
cop
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
root
Degree=Pos
able
able
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
rule
rule
VERB
VB
compound:prt
out
out
ADP
RP
obj
Number=Plur
socio-economic
socio-economics
NOUN
NNS
case
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
major
major
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
factor
factor
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN government)) (VP (MD might) (VP (VB want) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB rethink) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ arranges) (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ educational) (NNS resources)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN smoking))))))))))) (. .)))
The government might want to rethink how it arranges its educational resources on smoking.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
government
government
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
might
might
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
want
want
VERB
VB
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
rethink
rethink
VERB
VB
obj
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
advcl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
arrange
arranges
VERB
VBZ
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
its
its
PRON
PRP$
amod
Degree=Pos
educational
educational
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
resource
resources
NOUN
NNS
case
on
on
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
smoking
smoking
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Making) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS results)) (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ significant))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN study)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD measured) (NP (NP (NNS effects)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ twin) (NNS brothers))))) (. .)))
Making the results more significant, the study also measured effects in twin brothers.
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
make
Making
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
result
results
NOUN
NNS
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
xcomp
Degree=Pos
significant
significant
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
advmod
also
also
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
measure
measured
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Plur
effect
effects
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
twin
twin
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
brother
brothers
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN case)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (CD one) (NN twin)) (VP (VBD smoked)))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (JJ non-smoking) (NN twin)) (VP (VBD registered) (NP (DT a) (JJR higher) (NN IQ)) (PP (IN on) (ADJP (NN average)))) (. .)))
In the case where one twin smoked, the non-smoking twin registered a higher IQ on average.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
case
case
NOUN
NN
advmod
PronType=Rel
where
where
ADV
WRB
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Sing
twin
twin
NOUN
NN
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoked
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
non-smoking
non-smoking
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
twin
twin
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
register
registered
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Cmp
high
higher
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Sing
IQ
IQ
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
average
average
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN Although) (S (NP (DT a) (JJR lower) (NN IQ)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB suggest) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJR greater) (NN risk)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN smoking) (NN addiction)))))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the)) (VP (VBG representing) (NP (NP (NNS data)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN IQ) (CC and) (NN smoking)))))) (VP (VBD found) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (JJS most)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS smokers)) (VP (VBN investigated) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN study))))))) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NNS IQs)) (PP (IN within) (NP (DT the) (JJ average) (NN range))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB nevertheless)))))) (. .)))
Although a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction, the representing data on IQ and smoking found that most of the smokers investigated in the study had IQs within the average range, nevertheless.
mark
although
Although
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Cmp
low
lower
ADJ
JJR
nsubj
Number=Sing
IQ
IQ
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
suggest
suggest
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Cmp
great
greater
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Sing
risk
risk
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
smoking
smoking
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
addiction
addiction
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
VerbForm=Ger
represent
representing
VERB
VBG
nsubj
Number=Plur
datum
data
NOUN
NNS
case
on
on
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
IQ
IQ
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
smoking
smoking
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADJ
JJS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
smoker
smokers
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
investigate
investigated
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Plur
iq
IQs
NOUN
NNS
case
within
within
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
average
average
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
range
range
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
nevertheless
nevertheless
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NN study))) (, ,) (NP (NNS researchers)) (VP (VBD took) (NP (NNS data)) (PP (IN from) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD 20,000)) (NNS men))) (ADVP (RB before)) (, ,) (PP (IN during) (CC and) (IN after) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NN time)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN military)))))) (. .)))
In the study, researchers took data from more than 20,000 men before, during and after their time in the military.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
researchers
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
take
took
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Plur
datum
data
NOUN
NNS
case
from
from
ADP
IN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
20000
20,000
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Plur
man
men
NOUN
NNS
advmod
before
before
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
during
during
ADP
IN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
after
after
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
military
military
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT All) (NNS men)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN study)))) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN considered) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ good) (NN health))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN since) (S (NP (NP (NN pre-screening) (NNS measures)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NN suitability)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN army)))))) (VP (VBD had) (ADVP (RB already)) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN taken)))))))) (. .)))
All men in the study were considered in good health, since pre-screening measures for suitability in the army had already been taken.
det
all
All
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
man
men
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
consider
considered
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
good
good
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
health
health
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
since
since
SCONJ
IN
compound
Number=Sing
pre-screening
pre-screening
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
measure
measures
NOUN
NNS
case
for
for
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
suitability
suitability
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
army
army
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
AUX
VBD
advmod
already
already
ADV
RB
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
take
taken
VERB
VBN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS researchers)) (VP (VBD found) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (NP (NP (QP (RB around) (CD 28)) (NN percent)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS samples)))) (VP (VBD smoked) (NP (NP (QP (CD one) (CC or) (JJR more)) (NNS cigarettes)) (NP (DT a) (NN day))))) (, ,) (S (NP (CD 3) (NN percent)) (VP (VBN considered) (S (NP (PRP themselves)) (NP (NNS ex-smokers))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (CD 68) (NN percent)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB never)) (VP (VBD smoked))))))))) (. .)))
The researchers found that around 28 percent of their samples smoked one or more cigarettes a day, 3 percent considered themselves ex-smokers, and 68 percent said they never smoked.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
researchers
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
advmod
around
around
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
28
28
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Sing
percent
percent
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Number=Plur
sample
samples
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoked
VERB
VBD
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Plur
cigarette
cigarettes
NOUN
NNS
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod:tmod
Number=Sing
day
day
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
3
3
NUM
CD
parataxis
Number=Sing
percent
percent
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
consider
considered
VERB
VBN
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes
themselves
themselves
PRON
PRP
xcomp
Number=Plur
ex-smoker
ex-smokers
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
68
68
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Sing
percent
percent
NOUN
NN
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advmod
never
never
ADV
RB
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoked
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (SINV (`` ``) (S (NP (NP (NNS People)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJR lower) (NN end)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ average) (NN IQ)))))) (VP (VBP tend) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB display) (NP (JJR poorer) (JJ overall) (NN decision-making) (NNS skills)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN health))))))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (VP (VBZ says)) (NP (NNP Weiser)) (. .)))
"People on the lower end of the average IQ tend to display poorer overall decision-making skills when it comes to their health," says Weiser.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
People
NOUN
NNS
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Cmp
low
lower
ADJ
JJR
nmod
Number=Sing
end
end
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
average
average
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
IQ
IQ
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
tend
tend
VERB
VBP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
display
display
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Cmp
poor
poorer
ADJ
JJR
amod
Degree=Pos
overall
overall
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
decision-making
decision-making
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
skill
skills
NOUN
NNS
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
come
comes
VERB
VBZ
case
to
to
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Sing
health
health
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
nsubj
Number=Sing
Weiser
Weiser
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBZ adds) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP$ his) (NN finding)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB help) (S (VP (VB address) (NP (NP (JJ serious) (NN concern)) (PP (IN among) (NP (NP (NN heath) (NNS counsellors)) (PP (IN at) (NP (UCP (NN grade) (CC and) (JJ high)) (NNS schools))))))))))))) (. .)))
He adds that his finding can help address serious concern among heath counsellors at grade and high schools.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
He
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
add
adds
VERB
VBZ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
his
his
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Sing
finding
finding
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
help
help
VERB
VB
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
address
address
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
serious
serious
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
concern
concern
NOUN
NN
case
among
among
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
heath
heath
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
counsellor
counsellors
NOUN
NNS
case
at
at
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
grade
grade
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
amod
Degree=Pos
high
high
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
school
schools
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
A study led by Professor Mark Weiser of Tel Aviv University and the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer Hospital has determined that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs than their non-smoking peers. Tracking 18-to 21-year-old men enlisted in the Israeli army in the largest ever study of its kind, he has been able to demonstrate an important connection between the number of cigarettes young males smoke and their IQ.  The average IQ for a non-smoker was about 101, while the smokers' average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94, the study determined. The IQs of young men who smoked more than a pack a day were lower still, at about 90. An IQ score in a healthy population of such young men, with no mental disorders, falls within the range of 84 to 116.  "In the health profession, we've generally thought that smokers are most likely the kind of people who have grown up in difficult neighborhoods, or who've been given less education at good schools," says Weiser, whose study was reported in a recent version of the journal,  , "But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we've been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor. The government might want to rethink how it arranges its educational resources on smoking.  Making the results more significant, the study also measured effects in twin brothers. In the case where one twin smoked, the non-smoking twin registered a higher IQ on average.  Although a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction, the representing data on IQ and smoking found that most of the smokers investigated in the study had IQs within the average range, nevertheless.  In the study, researchers took data from more than 20,000 men before, during and after their time in the military. All men in the study were considered in good health, since pre-screening measures for suitability in the army had already been taken. The researchers found that around 28 percent of their samples smoked one or more cigarettes a day, 3 percent considered themselves ex-smokers, and 68 percent said they never smoked.  "People on the lower end of the average IQ tend to display poorer overall decision-making skills when it comes to their health," says Weiser. He adds that his finding can help address serious concern among heath counsellors at grade and high schools.