(ROOT (S (S (NP (NP (NP (DT A) (NN person) (POS 's)) (NNS chances)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG falling) (ADJP (JJ ill)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ new) (NN strain)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN flu))))))))) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (ADVP (IN at) (JJS least)) (RB partly)) (VP (VBN determined) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN strain)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB ever)) (VP (VBD met) (PP (IN with)))))))))) (, ,) (NP (DT a) (NN study)) (VP (VBZ suggests)) (. .)))
A person's chances of falling ill from a new strain of flu are at least partly determined by the first strain they ever met with, a study suggests.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
person
person
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
chance
chances
NOUN
NNS
mark
of
of
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
fall
falling
VERB
VBG
xcomp
Degree=Pos
ill
ill
ADJ
JJ
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
strain
strain
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
at
at
ADP
IN
fixed
Degree=Sup
least
least
ADJ
JJS
advmod
partly
partly
ADV
RB
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
determine
determined
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
obl:agent
Number=Sing
strain
strain
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advmod
ever
ever
ADV
RB
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
meet
met
VERB
VBD
obl
with
with
ADP
IN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
suggest
suggests
VERB
VBZ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NN Research)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Science) (NNP Journal)))) (VP (VBD looked) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (CD 18) (NNS strains)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN influenza) (NN A)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN hemagglutinin) (NN protein)) (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NN surface))))))) (. .)))
Research in Science Journal looked at the 18 strains of influenza A and the hemagglutinin protein on its surface.
compound
Number=Sing
research
Research
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Science
Science
PROPN
NNP
nsubj
Number=Sing
Journal
Journal
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
look
looked
VERB
VBD
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
18
18
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Plur
strain
strains
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
influenza
influenza
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
A
A
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
hemagglutinin
hemagglutinin
NOUN
NN
conj
Number=Sing
protein
protein
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
its
its
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Number=Sing
surface
surface
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (S (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (QP (RB only) (CD two)) (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT this) (NN protein)))))) (CC and) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN protected) (PP (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN one)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP$ their) (NN body)) (VP (VBZ meets) (ADVP (RB first))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (NN risk)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (JJ other) (NN one)))))))))))) (. .)))
They say there are only two types of this protein and people are protected from the one their body meets first, but at risk from the other one.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
say
VERB
VBP
expl
there
there
PRON
EX
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
VERB
VBP
advmod
only
only
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Plur
type
types
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
protein
protein
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
protect
protected
VERB
VBN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
one
one
NOUN
NN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Sing
body
body
NOUN
NN
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
meet
meets
VERB
VBZ
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
first
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
but
but
CCONJ
CC
case
at
at
ADP
IN
conj
Number=Sing
risk
risk
NOUN
NN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
one
one
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NNP UK) (NN expert)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (S (NP (DT that)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB explain) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS patterns)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN flu) (NNS pandemics))))))))) (. .)))
A UK expert said that could explain different patterns in flu pandemics.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
UK
UK
PROPN
NNP
nsubj
Number=Sing
expert
expert
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
nsubj
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
that
that
PRON
DT
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
explain
explain
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
different
different
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
pattern
patterns
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
pandemic
pandemics
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS researchers)) (, ,) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NP (NNP University)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Arizona))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Tucson)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP University)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP California))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Los) (NNP Angeles))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBP suggest) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS findings)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB explain) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB why)) (S (NP (DT some) (NN flu) (NNS outbreaks)) (VP (VBP cause) (NP (NP (JJR more) (NNS deaths)) (CC and) (NP (JJ serious) (NNS illnesses))) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJR younger) (NNS people))))))))))) (. .)))
The researchers, from University of Arizona in Tucson and the University of California, Los Angeles, suggest their findings could explain why some flu outbreaks cause more deaths and serious illnesses in younger people.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
researchers
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
from
from
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Arizona
Arizona
PROPN
NNP
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Tucson
Tucson
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
conj
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
California
California
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
appos
Number=Sing
Los
Los
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Angeles
Angeles
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
suggest
suggest
VERB
VBP
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
finding
findings
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
explain
explain
VERB
VB
obj
PronType=Rel
why
why
ADV
WRB
det
some
some
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Plur
outbreak
outbreaks
NOUN
NNS
advcl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
cause
cause
VERB
VBP
amod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Plur
death
deaths
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
amod
Degree=Pos
serious
serious
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
illness
illnesses
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Cmp
young
younger
ADJ
JJR
obl
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ first) (NN time)) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT a) (NN person) (POS 's)) (JJ immune) (NN system)) (VP (VBZ meets) (NP (DT a) (NN flu) (NN virus)))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ makes) (S (NP (NNS antibodies)) (VP (VBG targeting) (NP (NP (NN hemagglutinin) (NN protein)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ sticks) (PP (IN out) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN virus)))))) (, -) (IN like) (NP (DT a) (NN lollipop))))))))) (. .)))
The first time a person's immune system meets a flu virus, it makes antibodies targeting hemagglutinin protein that sticks out of the surface of the virus - like a lollipop.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
obl:tmod
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
person
person
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
amod
Degree=Pos
immune
immune
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
system
system
NOUN
NN
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
meet
meets
VERB
VBZ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
virus
virus
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
make
makes
VERB
VBZ
obj
Number=Plur
antibody
antibodies
NOUN
NNS
acl
VerbForm=Ger
target
targeting
VERB
VBG
compound
Number=Sing
hemagglutinin
hemagglutinin
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
protein
protein
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
stick
sticks
VERB
VBZ
case
out
out
ADP
IN
fixed
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
surface
surface
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
virus
virus
NOUN
NN
punct
-
-
PUNCT
,
case
like
like
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
lollipop
lollipop
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (SBAR (ADVP (RB Even)) (IN though) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (CD 18) (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN influenza) (NN A))))))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (QP (RB only) (CD two)) (NNS versions)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN hemagglutinin))))) (. .)))
Even though there are 18 types of influenza A, there are only two versions of hemagglutinin.
advmod
even
Even
ADV
RB
mark
though
though
SCONJ
IN
expl
there
there
PRON
EX
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
VERB
VBP
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
18
18
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Plur
type
types
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
influenza
influenza
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
A
A
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
expl
there
there
PRON
EX
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
VERB
VBP
advmod
only
only
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Plur
version
versions
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
hemagglutinin
hemagglutinin
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS researchers)) (, ,) (VP (VBN led) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNP Dr) (NNP Michael) (NNP Worobey)))) (, ,)) (VP (VBD classed) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN as) (NP (ADJP (`` ``) (JJ blue) ('' '') (CC and) (`` ``) (JJ orange) ('' '')) (NNS lollipops)))) (. .)))
The researchers, led by Dr Michael Worobey, classed them as "blue" and "orange" lollipops.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
researchers
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
lead
led
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
obl:agent
Number=Sing
Dr
Dr
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Michael
Michael
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Worobey
Worobey
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
class
classed
VERB
VBD
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
case
as
as
ADP
IN
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Degree=Pos
blue
blue
ADJ
JJ
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
conj
Degree=Pos
orange
orange
ADJ
JJ
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
obl
Number=Plur
lollipop
lollipops
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBN born) (PP (IN before) (NP (DT the) (JJ late) (NNS 1960s))))) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN exposed) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (`` ``) (NML (JJ blue) (NN lollipop)) ('' '') (NN flu) (NNS viruses)) (HYPH -) (NP (NNP H1)) (CC or) (ADJP (NNP H2) (HYPH -) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNS children))))))))))) (. .)))
They said people born before the late 1960s were exposed to "blue lollipop" flu viruses - H1 or H2 - as children.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
bear
born
VERB
VBN
case
before
before
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
late
late
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
1960s
1960s
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
expose
exposed
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Degree=Pos
blue
blue
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
lollipop
lollipop
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
compound
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Plur
virus
viruses
NOUN
NNS
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
appos
Number=Sing
H1
H1
PROPN
NNP
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
H2
H2
PROPN
NNP
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
case
as
as
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJR later) (NN life))) (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB rarely)) (VP (VBD fell) (ADJP (JJ ill)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT another) (NML (`` ``) (NML (JJ blue) (NN lollipop)) ('' '') (NML (NN flu) (HYPH -) (NN H5N1)) (NN bird) (NN flu)))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD died) (PP (IN from) (NP (`` ``) (JJ orange) ('' '') (NN H7N9))))) (. .)))
In later life they rarely fell ill from another "blue lollipop" flu - H5N1 bird flu, but they died from "orange" H7N9.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Cmp
late
later
ADJ
JJR
obl
Number=Sing
life
life
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advmod
rarely
rarely
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
fall
fell
VERB
VBD
xcomp
Degree=Pos
ill
ill
ADJ
JJ
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
another
another
DET
DT
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Degree=Pos
blue
blue
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
lollipop
lollipop
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
compound
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
compound
Number=Sing
H5N1
H5N1
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
bird
bird
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
but
but
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
die
died
VERB
VBD
case
from
from
ADP
IN
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Degree=Pos
orange
orange
ADJ
JJ
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
obl
Number=Sing
H7N9
H7N9
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NP (NP (DT Those)) (VP (VP (VBN born) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ late) (NNS 1960s)))) (CC and) (VP (VBN exposed) (PP (IN to) (NP (`` ``) (NML (JJ orange) (NN lollipop)) ('' '') (S (NP (NN flu) (HYPH -) (NN H3)) (HYPH -) (VP (VB have) (NP (DT the) (JJ opposite) (NN pattern)))))))) (. .)))
Those born in the late 1960s and exposed to "orange lollipop" flu - H3 - have the opposite pattern.
nsubj
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
Those
PRON
DT
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
bear
born
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
late
late
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
1960s
1960s
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
expose
exposed
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Degree=Pos
orange
orange
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
lollipop
lollipop
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
obl
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
nsubj
Number=Sing
H3
H3
NOUN
NN
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
root
Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
opposite
opposite
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
pattern
pattern
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP$ His) (NN team)) (VP (VP (VBD looked) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (NNS cases)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (NN H5N1)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NML (NN H7N9) (HYPH -) (CD two)) (NNS kinds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN bird) (NN flu))))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN affected) (NP (NP (NNS hundreds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS people))))))))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (VP (VBP have) (RB not) (VP (VBN developed) (PP (IN into) (NP (NNS pandemics)))))) (. .)))
His team looked at cases of H5N1 and H7N9 - two kinds of bird flu which have affected hundreds of people, but have not developed into pandemics.
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
his
His
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Sing
team
team
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
look
looked
VERB
VBD
case
at
at
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
case
cases
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
H5N1
H5N1
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
H7N9
H7N9
NOUN
NN
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
nmod
Number=Plur
kind
kinds
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
bird
bird
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
affect
affected
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Plur
hundred
hundreds
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
but
but
CCONJ
CC
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
develop
developed
VERB
VBN
case
into
into
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
pandemic
pandemics
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS researchers)) (VP (VBD found) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NML (CD 75) (NN %)) (NN protection) (NN rate)) (PP (IN against) (NP (JJ severe) (NN disease)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (NML (CD 80) (NN %)) (NN protection) (NN rate)) (PP (IN against) (NP (NN death))))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (NNS patients)) (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN exposed) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN virus)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN protein) (NN version))))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NNS children))))))))))) (. .)))
The researchers found a 75% protection rate against severe disease and 80% protection rate against death if patients had been exposed to a virus with the same protein version when they were children.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
researchers
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
75
75
NUM
CD
compound
Number=Sing
%
%
SYM
NN
compound
Number=Sing
protection
protection
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
rate
rate
NOUN
NN
case
against
against
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
severe
severe
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
disease
disease
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
80
80
NUM
CD
compound
Number=Sing
%
%
SYM
NN
compound
Number=Sing
protection
protection
NOUN
NN
conj
Number=Sing
rate
rate
NOUN
NN
case
against
against
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
death
death
NOUN
NN
mark
if
if
SCONJ
IN
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
patient
patients
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
AUX
VBD
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
expose
exposed
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
virus
virus
NOUN
NN
case
with
with
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
same
same
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
protein
protein
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
version
version
NOUN
NN
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advcl
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP DrWorobey)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (NN finding)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB explain) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ unusual) (NN effect)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (CD 1918) (`` ``) (NML (JJ Spanish) (NN flu)) ('' '') (NN pandemic)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ deadly)) (PP (IN among) (NP (JJ young) (NNS adults)))))))))))))) (. .)))
DrWorobey said the finding could explain the unusual effect of the 1918 "Spanish flu" pandemic, which was more deadly among young adults.
nsubj
Number=Sing
DrWorobey
DrWorobey
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
finding
finding
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
explain
explain
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
unusual
unusual
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1918
1918
NUM
CD
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Degree=Pos
Spanish
Spanish
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
nmod
Number=Sing
pandemic
pandemic
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
acl:relcl
Degree=Pos
deadly
deadly
ADJ
JJ
case
among
among
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
young
young
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
adult
adults
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (S (S (NP (DT Those) (JJ young) (NNS adults)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN killed) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT an) (NN H1) (NN virus)))))) (CC and) (S (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NN blood)) (VP (VBN analysed) (ADVP (NP (JJ many) (NNS decades)) (RBR later))))) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RB pretty) (JJ strong)) (NN indication) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT those) (NNS individuals)) (VP (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN exposed) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT a) (VBN mismatched) (NN H3))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNS children)))))) (CC and) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB therefore)) (RB not) (VP (VBN protected) (PP (IN against) (NP (NNP H1)))))))))))) (. .)))
"Those young adults were killed by an H1 virus and from blood analysed many decades later there is a pretty strong indication that those individuals had been exposed to a mismatched H3 as children and were therefore not protected against H1.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
det
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
Those
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
young
young
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
adult
adults
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
kill
killed
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
H1
H1
NOUN
NN
obl:agent
Number=Sing
virus
virus
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
case
from
from
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
blood
blood
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
analyse
analysed
VERB
VBN
amod
Degree=Pos
many
many
ADJ
JJ
obl:tmod
Number=Plur
decade
decades
NOUN
NNS
advmod
Degree=Cmp
late
later
ADV
RBR
expl
there
there
PRON
EX
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
VERB
VBZ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
advmod
pretty
pretty
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
strong
strong
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
indication
indication
NOUN
NN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
those
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
individual
individuals
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
AUX
VBD
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
expose
exposed
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
mismatch
mismatched
VERB
VBN
obl
Number=Sing
H3
H3
NOUN
NN
case
as
as
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advmod
therefore
therefore
ADV
RB
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
protect
protected
VERB
VBN
case
against
against
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
H1
H1
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN fact) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBG seeing) (NP (NP (RB exactly) (DT the) (JJ same) (NN pattern)) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJ current) (NML (NN H5N1) (CC and) (NN H7N9)) (NNS cases))))))))) (VP (VBZ suggests) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (JJ fundamental) (NNS processes)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB govern) (NP (CC both) (NP (DT the) (JJ historic) (CD 1918) (NN pandemic)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NP (NN today) (POS 's)) (NNS contenders)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (JJ next) (JJ big) (NN flu) (NN pandemic)))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
The fact that we are seeing exactly the same pattern with current H5N1 and H7N9 cases suggests that the same fundamental processes may govern both the historic 1918 pandemic and today's contenders for the next big flu pandemic."
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
fact
fact
NOUN
NN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
acl
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
see
seeing
VERB
VBG
advmod
exactly
exactly
ADV
RB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
same
same
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
pattern
pattern
NOUN
NN
case
with
with
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
current
current
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
H5N1
H5N1
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
H7N9
H7N9
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
case
cases
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
suggest
suggests
VERB
VBZ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
same
same
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
fundamental
fundamental
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
process
processes
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
govern
govern
VERB
VB
cc:preconj
both
both
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
historic
historic
ADJ
JJ
compound
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1918
1918
NUM
CD
obj
Number=Sing
pandemic
pandemic
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
today
today
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
conj
Number=Plur
contender
contenders
NOUN
NNS
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
next
next
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
big
big
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
flu
flu
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
pandemic
pandemic
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Jonathan) (NNP Ball)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN professor)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNP University)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Nottingham)))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBD said) (, ,) (`` ``) (S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RB really) (JJ neat)) (NN piece)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN work))))) (CC and) (VP (VBZ provides) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN reason)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB why)) (S (NP (JJ human) (NNS populations)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN been) (ADJP (JJ sensitive) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS strains)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN bird) (NN influenza))) (PP (IN over) (NP (DT the) (JJ past) (CD 100) (NNS years) (QP (CC or) (RB so)))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Jonathan Ball, professor of University of Nottingham, said, "This is a really neat piece of work and provides a reason why human populations have been sensitive to different strains of bird influenza over the past 100 years or so.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Jonathan
Jonathan
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Ball
Ball
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
appos
Number=Sing
professor
professor
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Nottingham
Nottingham
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
nsubj
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
This
PRON
DT
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
advmod
really
really
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
neat
neat
ADJ
JJ
ccomp
Number=Sing
piece
piece
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
work
work
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
provide
provides
VERB
VBZ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
reason
reason
NOUN
NN
advmod
PronType=Rel
why
why
ADV
WRB
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
population
populations
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
cop
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
acl:relcl
Degree=Pos
sensitive
sensitive
ADJ
JJ
case
to
to
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
different
different
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
strain
strains
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
bird
bird
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
influenza
influenza
NOUN
NN
case
over
over
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
past
past
ADJ
JJ
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
100
100
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
so
so
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (S (NP (DT The) (NNS findings)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN based) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NN analysis)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ patient) (NNS records)))))))) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB certainly)) (VP (VBP need) (NP (NP (JJ further) (NN proof)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN laboratory))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (ADVP (RB nonetheless)) (NP (DT the) (NNS results)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (RB pretty) (JJ amazing) (CC and) (JJ inspiring)))) (. .) ('' '')))
The findings are based on analysis of patient records and they certainly need further proof in the laboratory, but nonetheless the results are pretty amazing and inspiring."
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
finding
findings
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
base
based
VERB
VBN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
analysis
analysis
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
patient
patient
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
record
records
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advmod
certainly
certainly
ADV
RB
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
need
need
VERB
VBP
amod
Degree=Cmp
further
further
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
proof
proof
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
laboratory
laboratory
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
but
but
CCONJ
CC
advmod
nonetheless
nonetheless
ADV
RB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
result
results
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
pretty
pretty
ADV
RB
conj
Degree=Pos
amazing
amazing
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
inspiring
inspiring
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
A person's chances of falling ill from a new strain of flu are at least partly determined by the first strain they ever met with, a study suggests.  Research in Science Journal looked at the 18 strains of influenza A and the hemagglutinin protein on its surface. They say there are only two types of this protein and people are protected from the one their body meets first, but at risk from the other one.  A UK expert said that could explain different patterns in flu pandemics.  The researchers, from University of Arizona in Tucson and the University of California, Los Angeles, suggest their findings could explain why some flu outbreaks cause more deaths and serious illnesses in younger people. The first time a person's immune system meets a flu virus, it makes antibodies targeting hemagglutinin protein that sticks out of the surface of the virus - like a lollipop.  Even though there are 18 types of influenza A, there are only two versions of hemagglutinin. The researchers, led by Dr Michael Worobey, classed them as "blue" and "orange" lollipops. They said people born before the late 1960s were exposed to "blue lollipop" flu viruses - H1 or H2 - as children. In later life they rarely fell ill from another "blue lollipop" flu - H5N1 bird flu, but they died from "orange" H7N9. Those born in the late 1960s and exposed to "orange lollipop" flu - H3 - have the opposite pattern.  His team looked at cases of H5N1 and H7N9 - two kinds of bird flu which have affected hundreds of people, but have not developed into pandemics. The researchers found a 75% protection rate against severe disease and 80% protection rate against death if patients had been exposed to a virus with the same protein version when they were children.  DrWorobey said the finding could explain the unusual effect of the 1918 "Spanish flu" pandemic, which was more deadly among young adults. "Those young adults were killed by an H1 virus and from blood analysed many decades later there is a pretty strong indication that those individuals had been exposed to a mismatched H3 as children and were therefore not protected against H1. The fact that we are seeing exactly the same pattern with current H5N1 and H7N9 cases suggests that the same fundamental processes may govern both the historic 1918 pandemic and today's contenders for the next big flu pandemic."  Jonathan Ball, professor of University of Nottingham, said, "This is a really neat piece of work and provides a reason why human populations have been sensitive to different strains of bird influenza over the past 100 years or so. The findings are based on analysis of patient records and they certainly need further proof in the laboratory, but nonetheless the results are pretty amazing and inspiring."