(ROOT (S (NP (DT An) (JJ Australian-based) (NN scientist)) (VP (VBD announced) (NP (NN yesterday)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN made) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN step)) (ADVP (RB forward) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN technique)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN DNA) (NN testing))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN court))))))) (SBAR (IN so) (IN that) (S (NP (DT an) (NN individual)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN identified) (NP (DT a) (JJ single) (NN cell)))))))))))) (. .)))
An Australian-based scientist announced yesterday he had made a step forward in a technique for DNA testing in court so that an individual can be identified a single cell.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
An
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
australian-based
Australian-based
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
scientist
scientist
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
announce
announced
VERB
VBD
obl:tmod
Number=Sing
yesterday
yesterday
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
AUX
VBD
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
make
made
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
step
step
NOUN
NN
advmod
forward
forward
ADV
RB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
technique
technique
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
testing
testing
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
court
court
NOUN
NN
mark
so
so
SCONJ
IN
fixed
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
individual
individual
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
aux:pass
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
identify
identified
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
single
single
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
cell
cell
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Ian) (NNP Findlay)) (, ,) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Australian) (NML (NNP Genome) (NNP Research)) (NNP Facility)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP University)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Queensland))))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (S (NP (JJ current) (NN DNA) (NN testing)) (VP (VBD required) (NP (QP (CD 200) (IN to) (CD 500)) (NNS cells)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB gain) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ similar) (NN level)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN accuracy))))))))))) (. .)))
Ian Findlay, from the Australian Genome Research Facility at the University of Queensland, said current DNA testing required 200 to 500 cells to gain a similar level of accuracy.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Ian
Ian
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Findlay
Findlay
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Degree=Pos
Australian
Australian
ADJ
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Genome
Genome
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Research
Research
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
facility
Facility
PROPN
NNP
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Queensland
Queensland
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Pos
current
current
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
testing
testing
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
require
required
VERB
VBD
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
200
200
NUM
CD
case
to
to
ADP
IN
nmod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
500
500
NUM
CD
obj
Number=Plur
cell
cells
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
gain
gain
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
similar
similar
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
level
level
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
accuracy
accuracy
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (SBAR (WHNP (WP What)) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN done))))) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN brought) (NP (DT that)) (ADVP (RB down) (PP (IN to) (NP (CD one) (NN cell)))))) (. .) ('' '')))
"What we have done has brought that down to one cell."
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
nsubj
PronType=Rel
what
What
PRON
WP
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
do
done
VERB
VBN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
bring
brought
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
that
that
PRON
DT
compound:prt
down
down
ADV
RB
case
to
to
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Sing
cell
cell
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Dr) (NNP Findlay)) (VP (VBD said) (PP (IN after) (S (VP (VBG releasing) (NP (NP (NNS details)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ his) (NML (NN DNA) (NN testing)) (NN technique)))) (PP (IN at) (NP (DT a) (NNP Sydney) (NN conference))))))) (. .)))
Dr Findlay said after releasing details of his DNA testing technique at a Sydney conference.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Dr
Dr
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Findlay
Findlay
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
mark
after
after
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
release
releasing
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
detail
details
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
his
his
PRON
PRP$
compound
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
testing
testing
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
technique
technique
NOUN
NN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Sydney
Sydney
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
conference
conference
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN technology)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB allow) (S (S (NP (NNS investigators)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB pick) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (NN DNA))))) (VP (VP (VBZ identifies) (PP (IN from) (NP (JJ plastic) (NNS cards)))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB even)) (VP (VB build) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ complete) (NN history)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN handled) (NP (DT a) (NN paper) (NN document)))))))))))))) (. .)))
The technology could allow investigators to pick up DNA identifies from plastic cards and even build up a complete history of the people who have handled a paper document.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
technology
technology
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
allow
allow
VERB
VB
iobj
Number=Plur
investigator
investigators
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
pick
pick
VERB
VB
compound:prt
up
up
ADP
RP
obj
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
xcomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
identify
identifies
VERB
VBZ
case
from
from
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
plastic
plastic
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
card
cards
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
even
even
ADV
RB
conj
VerbForm=Inf
build
build
VERB
VB
compound:prt
up
up
ADP
RP
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
complete
complete
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
history
history
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
handle
handled
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
paper
paper
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
document
document
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (NP (PRP You)) (VP (MD 'd) (VP (VB have) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB wear) (NP (DT a) (NN space) (NN suit)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB stop) (NP (PRP yourself)) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG leaving) (NP (NNS traces))))))))))))) (. .)))
"You'd have to wear a space suit to stop yourself from leaving traces.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
nsubj
Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs
you
You
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
'd
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
wear
wear
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
space
space
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
suit
suit
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
stop
stop
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes
yourself
yourself
PRON
PRP
mark
from
from
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
leave
leaving
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
trace
traces
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (PRP You)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB identify) (NP (NNS cells)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN paper)))))) (, ,) (RB so) (S (NP (PRP you)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB work) (PRT (RP out)) (SBAR (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ 's) (VP (VBN come) (PP (IN from)))))) (CC and) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ 's) (VP (VBN touched) (NP (PRP it)))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
You can identify cells on the paper, so you can work out where it's come from and who's touched it."
nsubj
Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs
you
You
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
identify
identify
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Plur
cell
cells
NOUN
NNS
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
paper
paper
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
so
so
ADV
RB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs
you
you
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
parataxis
VerbForm=Inf
work
work
VERB
VB
compound:prt
out
out
ADP
RP
advmod
PronType=Int
where
where
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
's
AUX
VBZ
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
come
come
VERB
VBN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj:pass
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
's
AUX
VBZ
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
touch
touched
VERB
VBN
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD said)) (. .)))
he said.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN technique)) (VP (MD could) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB trace) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN thrower)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN punch)))) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NNS cells)) (VP (VBN left) (ADVP (RB behind)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN skin)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN victim)))))))))))))) (. .)))
The technique could also be used to trace the thrower of a punch from cells left behind on the skin of their victim.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
technique
technique
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
advmod
also
also
ADV
RB
aux:pass
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
use
used
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
trace
trace
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
thrower
thrower
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
punch
punch
NOUN
NN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
cell
cells
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
leave
left
VERB
VBN
advmod
behind
behind
ADV
RB
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
skin
skin
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Number=Sing
victim
victim
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NP (RB Even) (DT the) (NN wearing)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN latex) (NNS gloves)))) (VP (MD would) (RB not) (VP (VB help)))) (: :) (S (NP (JJ small) (NNS cells)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB pass) (PP (IN through) (NP (DT the) (NNS gloves)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ constant) (NN flow)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ genetic) (NN material)))) (VP (VBN given) (PRT (RP off)) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (JJ human) (NN body))))) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB leave) (NP (JJ further) (NN evidence))))) (. .)))
Even the wearing of latex gloves would not help: small cells can pass through the gloves, and the constant flow of genetic material given off by the human body would leave further evidence.
advmod
even
Even
ADV
RB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
wear
wearing
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
latex
latex
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
glove
gloves
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
root
VerbForm=Inf
help
help
VERB
VB
punct
:
:
PUNCT
:
amod
Degree=Pos
small
small
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
cell
cells
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
parataxis
VerbForm=Inf
pass
pass
VERB
VB
case
through
through
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Plur
glove
gloves
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
constant
constant
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
flow
flow
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
genetic
genetic
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
material
material
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
give
given
VERB
VBN
compound:prt
off
off
ADP
RP
case
by
by
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
body
body
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
conj
VerbForm=Inf
leave
leave
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
further
further
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
evidence
evidence
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (NP (PRP We)) (VP (VP (VBD gained) (NP (DT a) (NN skin) (NN cell)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN document)) (VP (VBG dating) (ADVP (RB back)) (NP (CD 30) (NNS years)))))) (CC and) (VP (VBD managed) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB gain) (NP (DT a) (NN DNA) (NN fingerprint))))))) (. .)))
"We gained a skin cell from a document dating back 30 years and managed to gain a DNA fingerprint.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
We
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
gain
gained
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
skin
skin
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
cell
cell
NOUN
NN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
document
document
NOUN
NN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
date
dating
VERB
VBG
advmod
back
back
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
30
30
NUM
CD
obl:tmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
manage
managed
VERB
VBD
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
gain
gain
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
fingerprint
fingerprint
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NN DNA) (NN evidence)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB remain) (ADJP (JJ fresh)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNS decades))) (, ,) (NP (ADVP (RB perhaps)) (RB even) (NNS centuries))))) (, ,) ('' '') (NP (NNP Dr) (NNP Findlay)) (VP (VBD said)) (. .)))
DNA evidence can remain fresh for decades, perhaps even centuries," Dr Findlay said.
compound
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
evidence
evidence
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
remain
remain
VERB
VB
xcomp
Degree=Pos
fresh
fresh
ADJ
JJ
case
for
for
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
decade
decades
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
perhaps
perhaps
ADV
RB
advmod
even
even
ADV
RB
obl:tmod
Number=Plur
century
centuries
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
nsubj
Number=Sing
Dr
Dr
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Findlay
Findlay
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (NP (NP (DT The) (NN potential)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT this) (NN technology))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB solve) (NP (JJ unsolved) (NNS crimes)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ great))) (. .) ('' '')))
"The potential for this technology to solve unsolved crimes is great."
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
potential
potential
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
technology
technology
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
solve
solve
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
unsolved
unsolved
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
crime
crimes
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
Degree=Pos
great
great
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD said)) (. .)))
he said.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (CC But) (NP (NP (NNP Dr) (NNP Findlay)) (, ,) (VP (VBN named) (S (NP (NP (NN scientist)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN year))) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1998))) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP European) (NNP Society)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Human) (NNP Genetics)))))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (JJ new) (NN testing)) (VP (VBD needed) (S (VP (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADVP (RB scientifically)) (VP (VBN validated)))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (MD would) (VP (VB take) (NP (QP (IN up) (IN to) (CD five)) (NNS years)))))))))))) (. .)))
But Dr Findlay, named scientist of the year in 1998 by the European Society of Human Genetics, said the new testing needed to be scientifically validated, which would take up to five years.
cc
but
But
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Number=Sing
Dr
Dr
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Findlay
Findlay
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
name
named
VERB
VBN
xcomp
Number=Sing
scientist
scientist
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
year
year
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1998
1998
NUM
CD
case
by
by
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
European
European
ADJ
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
Society
Society
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
human
Human
ADJ
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
Genetic
Genetics
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
testing
testing
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
need
needed
VERB
VBD
mark
to
to
PART
TO
aux:pass
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
advmod
scientifically
scientifically
ADV
RB
xcomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
validate
validated
VERB
VBN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
advcl:relcl
VerbForm=Inf
take
take
VERB
VB
advmod
up
up
ADP
IN
fixed
to
to
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
five
five
NUM
CD
obj
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD said) (, ,) (`` ``) (S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ serious) (NNS consequences)) (VP (VBG taking) (PRT (RP on)) (NP (NNS technologies)) (ADVP (RB too) (RB early))))))) (. .)))
He said, "There are serious consequences taking on technologies too early.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
He
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
expl
there
There
PRON
EX
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
VERB
VBP
amod
Degree=Pos
serious
serious
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
consequence
consequences
NOUN
NNS
acl
VerbForm=Ger
take
taking
VERB
VBG
compound:prt
on
on
ADP
RP
obj
Number=Plur
technology
technologies
NOUN
NNS
advmod
too
too
ADV
RB
advmod
Degree=Pos
early
early
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN public)) (VP (VBZ has) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ sure) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJS greatest) (NN confidence)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NML (NN security) (CC and) (NN court)) (NNS systems)))))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
The public has to be sure that they have the greatest confidence in the security and court systems."
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
public
public
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
VERB
VBZ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
xcomp
Degree=Pos
sure
sure
ADJ
JJ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Sup
great
greatest
ADJ
JJS
obj
Number=Sing
confidence
confidence
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
security
security
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
court
court
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
system
systems
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
An Australian-based scientist announced yesterday he had made a step forward in a technique for DNA testing in court so that an individual can be identified a single cell.  Ian Findlay, from the Australian Genome Research Facility at the University of Queensland, said current DNA testing required 200 to 500 cells to gain a similar level of accuracy. "What we have done has brought that down to one cell." Dr Findlay said after releasing details of his DNA testing technique at a Sydney conference.  The technology could allow investigators to pick up DNA identifies from plastic cards and even build up a complete history of the people who have handled a paper document.  "You'd have to wear a space suit to stop yourself from leaving traces. You can identify cells on the paper, so you can work out where it's come from and who's touched it." he said.  The technique could also be used to trace the thrower of a punch from cells left behind on the skin of their victim. Even the wearing of latex gloves would not help: small cells can pass through the gloves, and the constant flow of genetic material given off by the human body would leave further evidence.  "We gained a skin cell from a document dating back 30 years and managed to gain a DNA fingerprint. DNA evidence can remain fresh for decades, perhaps even centuries," Dr Findlay said. "The potential for this technology to solve unsolved crimes is great." he said.  But Dr Findlay, named scientist of the year in 1998 by the European Society of Human Genetics, said the new testing needed to be scientifically validated, which would take up to five years.  He said, "There are serious consequences taking on technologies too early. The public has to be sure that they have the greatest confidence in the security and court systems."