(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Human) (NNS beings)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN spread) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT every) (NN continent))) (, ,) (S (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBG driving) (NP (JJ other) (NN animal) (NNS species)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (NN extinction)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN process))))))))) (. .)))
Human beings have spread to every continent, sometimes driving other animal species to extinction in the process.
amod
Degree=Pos
human
Human
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
being
beings
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
spread
spread
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
every
every
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
continent
continent
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
sometimes
sometimes
ADV
RB
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
drive
driving
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
animal
animal
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
species
species
NOUN
NNS
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
extinction
extinction
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
process
process
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN become) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (ADVP (RBS most) (RB widely)) (VBN spread)) (NNS species)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN planet)))) (, ,) (NP (VBG occupying) (NNS mountains) (CC and) (NNS valleys) (, ,) (NNS deserts) (CC and) (NNS jungles) (, ,) (NNS shorelines) (CC and) (NNS islands))) (, ,) (CC yet) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VBG finding) (NP (NP (DT some) (JJ good) (NNS means)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG living) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT these) (ADJP (RB widely) (JJ differing)) (NNS environments)))))))))) (. .)))
It has become the most widely spread species on the planet, occupying mountains and valleys, deserts and jungles, shorelines and islands, yet always finding some good means of living in these widely differing environments.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
become
become
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
advmod
Degree=Pos
widely
widely
ADV
RB
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
spread
spread
VERB
VBN
xcomp
Number=Plur
species
species
NOUN
NNS
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
planet
planet
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
acl
VerbForm=Ger
occup
occupying
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
mountain
mountains
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
valley
valleys
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Plur
desert
deserts
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
jungle
jungles
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Plur
shoreline
shorelines
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
island
islands
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
yet
yet
CCONJ
CC
advmod
always
always
ADV
RB
conj
VerbForm=Ger
find
finding
VERB
VBG
det
some
some
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
good
good
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
means
means
NOUN
NNS
mark
of
of
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
live
living
VERB
VBG
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
this
these
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Pos
widely
widely
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
differ
differing
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
environment
environments
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ total) (NN weight)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT all) (NN living) (NNS members)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS species)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (ADJP (RB far) (JJR heavier)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (DT that)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT any) (JJ other) (NN animal)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ human) (NN population)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB now)) (VP (VBG growing) (ADVP (ADVP (RB so) (RB rapidly)) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB double) (PP (IN within) (NP (DT the) (JJ next) (CD thirty-five) (NNS years))))))))))) (. .)))
The total weight of all living members of the species is far heavier than that of any other animal, and the human population is now growing so rapidly that it will double within the next thirty-five years.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
total
total
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
weight
weight
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
all
all
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
living
living
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
member
members
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
species
species
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
advmod
Degree=Pos
far
far
ADV
RB
root
Degree=Cmp
heavy
heavier
ADJ
JJR
case
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
that
that
PRON
DT
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
any
any
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
animal
animal
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
population
population
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
advmod
now
now
ADV
RB
conj
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
grow
growing
VERB
VBG
advmod
so
so
ADV
RB
advmod
rapidly
rapidly
ADV
RB
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
will
will
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
double
double
VERB
VB
case
within
within
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
next
next
ADJ
JJ
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
thirty-five
thirty-five
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (SBARQ (WHNP (WP What)) (SQ (VP (VBZ accounts) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN success)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ our) (NNS species))))))) (. ?)))
What accounts for the success of our species?
nsubj
PronType=Int
what
What
PRON
WP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
account
accounts
VERB
VBZ
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
success
success
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Number=Plur
species
species
NOUN
NNS
punct
?
?
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN answer)) (, ,) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (NN word))) (, ,) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NN culture))) (. .)))
The answer, in a word, is culture.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
answer
answer
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
word
word
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
Number=Sing
culture
culture
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (PRP We)) (VP (VBP create) (NP (NN culture)))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (NN culture)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN turn))) (VP (VBZ creates) (NP (PRP us)))) (. .)))
We create culture, but culture in turn creates us.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
We
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
create
create
VERB
VBP
obj
Number=Sing
culture
culture
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
but
but
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Number=Sing
culture
culture
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
turn
turn
NOUN
NN
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
create
creates
VERB
VBZ
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
us
PRON
PRP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP We)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB consequently)) (ADVP (RB no) (RBR longer)) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS victims)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN environment))))) (. .)))
We are consequently no longer the victims of the environment.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
We
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
consequently
consequently
ADV
RB
advmod
no
no
ADV
RB
advmod
Degree=Cmp
long
longer
ADV
RBR
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
root
Number=Plur
victim
victims
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
environment
environment
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP We)) (VP (VBP make) (NP (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ own) (JJ social) (NN environment)) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG inventing) (CC and) (VBG sharing) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS rules) (CC and) (NNS patterns)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN behaviour)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP shape) (NP (PRP$ our) (NNS lives)))))))) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP use) (NP (PRP$ our) (VBN learned) (NN knowledge)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ natural) (NN environment)) (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ suitable) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB live) (PP (IN in))))))))))))))) (. .)))
We make our own social environment, inventing and sharing the rules and patterns of behaviour that shape our lives and we use our learned knowledge to make the natural environment more suitable to live in.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
We
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
make
make
VERB
VBP
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
amod
Degree=Pos
own
own
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
social
social
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
environment
environment
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
invent
inventing
VERB
VBG
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Ger
share
sharing
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
rule
rules
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
pattern
patterns
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
behaviour
behaviour
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
shape
shape
VERB
VBP
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Plur
life
lives
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
use
use
VERB
VBP
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
learn
learned
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Sing
knowledge
knowledge
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
make
make
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
natural
natural
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
environment
environment
NOUN
NN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
xcomp
Degree=Pos
suitable
suitable
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
live
live
VERB
VB
obl
in
in
ADP
IN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP$ Our) (VBN shared) (NN culture)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (VBZ makes) (S (NP (JJ social) (NN life)) (ADJP (JJ possible))))))) (. .)))
Our shared culture is what makes social life possible.
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
Our
PRON
PRP$
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
share
shared
VERB
VBN
nsubj
Number=Sing
culture
culture
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
PronType=Rel
what
what
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
make
makes
VERB
VBZ
amod
Degree=Pos
social
social
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
life
life
NOUN
NN
xcomp
Degree=Pos
possible
possible
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN Without) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN culture)) (VP (VBN transmitted) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN past)))))) (, ,) (NP (DT each) (JJ new) (NN generation)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB have) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB solve) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ basic)) (NNS problems)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ human) (NN existence)))) (ADVP (RB over) (RB again))))))) (. .)))
Without a culture transmitted from the past, each new generation would have to solve the most basic problems of human existence over again.
case
without
Without
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
culture
culture
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
transmit
transmitted
VERB
VBN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
past
past
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
each
each
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
generation
generation
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
solve
solve
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
amod
Degree=Pos
basic
basic
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
problem
problems
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
existence
existence
NOUN
NN
advmod
over
over
ADV
RB
advmod
again
again
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB have) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB think) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (DT a) (NN family) (NN system)) (, ,) (S (VP (VP (TO to) (VP (VB invent) (NP (DT a) (NN language)))) (, ,) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB discover) (NP (NN fire)))) (, ,) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB create) (NP (DT the) (NN wheel)))) (, ,) (CC and) (ADVP (RB so) (RB on))))))))) (. .)))
It would have to think up a family system, to invent a language, to discover fire, to create the wheel, and so on.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
think
think
VERB
VB
compound:prt
up
up
ADP
RP
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
family
family
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
system
system
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
invent
invent
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
language
language
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
to
to
PART
TO
conj
VerbForm=Inf
discover
discover
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Sing
fire
fire
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
to
to
PART
TO
conj
VerbForm=Inf
create
create
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
wheel
wheel
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
so
so
ADV
RB
advmod
on
on
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NN Culture)) (VP (VBZ frees) (NP (PRP us)) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG relying) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (JJ slow) (CC and) (JJ accidental)) (NN process)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ physical) (NN evolution))))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG offering) (NP (PRP us)) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ new) (, ,) (JJ purposive) (, ,) (JJ efficient) (NN means)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG adapting) (PP (IN to) (NP (VBG changing) (NNS conditions)))))))))))))) (. .)))
Culture frees us from relying on the slow and accidental process of physical evolution by offering us a new, purposive, efficient means of adapting to changing conditions.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Culture
Culture
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
free
frees
VERB
VBZ
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
us
PRON
PRP
mark
from
from
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
rely
relying
VERB
VBG
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
slow
slow
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
accidental
accidental
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
process
process
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
physical
physical
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
evolution
evolution
NOUN
NN
mark
by
by
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
offer
offering
VERB
VBG
iobj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
us
PRON
PRP
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
purposive
purposive
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
efficient
efficient
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
means
means
NOUN
NN
mark
of
of
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
adapt
adapting
VERB
VBG
case
to
to
ADP
IN
amod
VerbForm=Ger
change
changing
VERB
VBG
obl
Number=Plur
condition
conditions
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBD waited) (PP (IN for) (NP (JJ natural) (NN selection))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB enable) (NP (PRP us)) (S (VP (VP (TO to) (VP (VB live) (PP (IN at) (NP (DT the) (NNP North) (NNP Pole))))) (, ,) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB fly) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN moon))))) (, ,) (CC or) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB live) (PP (IN under) (NP (DT the) (NN sea))))))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB wait) (ADVP (RB forever)))) (. .)))
If we waited for natural selection to enable us to live at the North Pole, to fly to the moon, or to live under the sea, we would wait forever.
mark
if
If
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
wait
waited
VERB
VBD
case
for
for
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
natural
natural
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
selection
selection
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
enable
enable
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
us
PRON
PRP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
live
live
VERB
VB
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
North
North
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
Pole
Pole
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
to
to
PART
TO
conj
VerbForm=Inf
fly
fly
VERB
VB
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
moon
moon
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
mark
to
to
PART
TO
conj
VerbForm=Inf
live
live
VERB
VB
case
under
under
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
sea
sea
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
wait
wait
VERB
VB
advmod
forever
forever
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN Unlike) (NP (JJ other) (NNS animals))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VP (MD can) (ADVP (RB self-consciously)) (VP (VB adapt) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP$ our) (NNS environments))))) (CC and) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB adapt) (NP (NNS environments)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB meet) (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ own) (NNS needs)))))))) (. .)))
Unlike other animals, we can self-consciously adapt to our environments and can adapt environments to meet our own needs.
case
unlike
Unlike
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
animal
animals
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
advmod
self-consciously
self-consciously
ADV
RB
root
VerbForm=Inf
adapt
adapt
VERB
VB
case
to
to
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Plur
environment
environments
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
conj
VerbForm=Inf
adapt
adapt
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Plur
environment
environments
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
meet
meet
VERB
VB
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
amod
Degree=Pos
own
own
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
need
needs
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
Human beings have spread to every continent, sometimes driving other animal species to extinction in the process. It has become the most widely spread species on the planet, occupying mountains and valleys, deserts and jungles, shorelines and islands, yet always finding some good means of living in these widely differing environments. The total weight of all living members of the species is far heavier than that of any other animal, and the human population is now growing so rapidly that it will double within the next thirty-five years.  What accounts for the success of our species? The answer, in a word, is culture. We create culture, but culture in turn creates us. We are consequently no longer the victims of the environment. We make our own social environment, inventing and sharing the rules and patterns of behaviour that shape our lives and we use our learned knowledge to make the natural environment more suitable to live in. Our shared culture is what makes social life possible. Without a culture transmitted from the past, each new generation would have to solve the most basic problems of human existence over again. It would have to think up a family system, to invent a language, to discover fire, to create the wheel, and so on.  Culture frees us from relying on the slow and accidental process of physical evolution by offering us a new, purposive, efficient means of adapting to changing conditions. If we waited for natural selection to enable us to live at the North Pole, to fly to the moon, or to live under the sea, we would wait forever. Unlike other animals, we can self-consciously adapt to our environments and can adapt environments to meet our own needs.