(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Encouraging) (NP (NNS pupils)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB keep) (NP (NN noise)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT a) (NN minimum)))))))) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ valuable) (NN component)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT all) (NNS children) (POS 's)) (NN education)))) (, ,) (PP (VBG according) (PP (IN to) (NP (JJ new) (NN research)))))) (. .)))
Encouraging pupils to keep noise to a minimum should be a valuable component of all children's education, according to new research.
csubj
VerbForm=Ger
encourage
Encouraging
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
pupil
pupils
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
keep
keep
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Sing
noise
noise
NOUN
NN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
minimum
minimum
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
should
should
AUX
MD
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
valuable
valuable
ADJ
JJ
root
Number=Sing
component
component
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
all
all
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
case
's
's
PART
POS
nmod
Number=Sing
education
education
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
ExtPos=ADP|VerbForm=Ger
accord
according
VERB
VBG
fixed
to
to
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
research
research
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Dr.) (NNP Helen) (NNP Lees)) (, ,) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NP (NNP Stirling) (NNP University) (POS 's)) (NN school)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN education))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (IN that) (S (`` ``) (NP (VBN enforced) (NN silence)) ('' '') (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VP (VBN seen) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT a) (NN punishment)))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB often)) (VP (VBZ acts) (PP (IN to) (NFP _) (NP (NP (NNS children) (POS 's)) (JJ natural) (NN ability))))))))) (. .)))
Dr. Helen Lees, from Stirling University's school of education, says that "enforced silence" is seen as a punishment and often acts to _ children's natural ability.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Dr.
Dr.
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Helen
Helen
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Lee
Lees
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
from
from
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
Stirling
Stirling
PROPN
NNP
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
case
's
's
PART
POS
nmod
Number=Sing
school
school
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
education
education
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
enforce
enforced
VERB
VBN
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
silence
silence
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
see
seen
VERB
VBN
case
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
punishment
punishment
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
often
often
ADV
RB
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
act
acts
VERB
VBZ
case
to
to
ADP
IN
punct
_
_
PUNCT
NFP
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
case
's
's
PART
POS
amod
Degree=Pos
natural
natural
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
ability
ability
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (CC But) (NP (PRP she)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (IN that) (S (VP (VP (VBG teaching) (NP (NNS children)) (PP (IN about) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS benefits)) (PP (IN of) (NP (`` ``) (NP (VBN enforced) (NN silence)) ('' '') (, ,) (NP (NP (ADJP (HYPH --) (HYPH -) (JJ deliberate)) (NN stillness)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ gives) (NP (PRP them)) (NP (DT the) (NN opportunity) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB focus) (CC and) (VB reflect) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ stress-free) (NN environment))))))))))) (, --)))))) (, -) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB have) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ significant) (NN effect)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NNS pupils) (POS ')) (NN concentration) (CC and) (NN behavior)))))))))) (. .)))
But she says that teaching children about the benefits of "enforced silence",--- deliberate stillness that gives them the opportunity to focus and reflect in a stress-free environment--- can have a significant effect on pupils' concentration and behavior.
cc
but
But
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
she
she
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
csubj
VerbForm=Ger
teach
teaching
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
case
about
about
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Plur
benefit
benefits
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
enforce
enforced
VERB
VBN
nmod
Number=Sing
silence
silence
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
--
--
PUNCT
HYPH
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
amod
Degree=Pos
deliberate
deliberate
ADJ
JJ
appos
Number=Sing
stillness
stillness
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
give
gives
VERB
VBZ
iobj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
opportunity
opportunity
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
focus
focus
VERB
VB
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Inf
reflect
reflect
VERB
VB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
stress-free
stress-free
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
environment
environment
NOUN
NN
punct
--
--
PUNCT
,
punct
-
-
PUNCT
,
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
parataxis
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
significant
significant
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
pupil
pupils
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
nmod
Number=Sing
concentration
concentration
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
behavior
behavior
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJS latest)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN string)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS researches)))) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB establish) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN link)) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN classroom) (NN environment)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNS pupils) (POS ')) (JJ academic) (NN ability))))))))))))) (. .)))
It is the latest in a string of researches to establish a link between the classroom environment and pupils' academic ability.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
root
Degree=Sup
late
latest
ADJ
JJS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
string
string
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
research
researches
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
establish
establish
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
link
link
NOUN
NN
case
between
between
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
classroom
classroom
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
environment
environment
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
pupil
pupils
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
amod
Degree=Pos
academic
academic
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Sing
ability
ability
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN study)) (ADVP (NP (QP (RB almost) (DT a)) (NN decade)) (RB ago)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP London)))) (VP (VBD found) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNS children) (POS 's)) (NN exam) (NNS results)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN cut) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NP (RB as) (JJ much))) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT a) (NN third))))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN taught) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ noisy) (NNS classrooms)))))))))))) (. .)))
A study almost a decade ago in London found that children's exam results were cut by as much as a third if they were taught in noisy classrooms.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
advmod
almost
almost
ADV
RB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl:npmod
Number=Sing
decade
decade
NOUN
NN
advmod
ago
ago
ADV
RB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
London
London
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
case
's
's
PART
POS
compound
Number=Sing
exam
exam
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
result
results
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
cut
cut
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
advmod
as
as
ADV
RB
fixed
Degree=Pos
much
much
ADJ
JJ
fixed
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|Number=Sing
third
third
NOUN
NN
mark
if
if
SCONJ
IN
nsubj:pass
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
teach
taught
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
noisy
noisy
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
classroom
classrooms
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NN Teaching) (NNS unions)) (VP (VBP have) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBN called) (PP (IN for) (S (NP (NP (DT a) (NN limit)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN 26degC)))) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN put) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN classroom) (NNS temperatures))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS teachers) (CC and) (NNS pupils)) (VP (VBP struggle) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB work) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ hot) (NNS conditions))))))))))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT some) (NNS educationalists)) (VP (VBP claim) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (ADJP (RB too) (JJ much)) (NN clutter)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN classroom) (NNS walls)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB prevent) (NP (NNS children)) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG concentrating)))))))))) (. .)))
Teaching unions have also called for a limit of 26degC to be put on classroom temperatures because teachers and pupils struggle to work in hot conditions, and some educationalists claim that too much clutter on classroom walls can prevent children from concentrating.
compound
Number=Sing
Teaching
Teaching
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Plur
union
unions
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
advmod
also
also
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
call
called
VERB
VBN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
limit
limit
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
26degC
26degC
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
aux:pass
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
put
put
VERB
VBN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
classroom
classroom
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Plur
temperature
temperatures
NOUN
NNS
mark
because
because
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
teacher
teachers
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
pupil
pupils
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
struggle
struggle
VERB
VBP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
work
work
VERB
VB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
hot
hot
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
condition
conditions
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
some
some
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
educationalist
educationalists
NOUN
NNS
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
claim
claim
VERB
VBP
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
advmod
too
too
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
much
much
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
clutter
clutter
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
classroom
classroom
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
wall
walls
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
prevent
prevent
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
mark
from
from
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
concentrate
concentrating
VERB
VBG
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Dr.) (NNP Lees)) (VP (VBD said) (, ,) (`` ``) (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VP (VBP take) (NP (NP (DT some) (NN research)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN school) (NNS settings))))) (CC and) (VP (VBP put) (NP (PRP it)) (ADVP (RB all) (RB together)))))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP see)))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NN education)) (PP (IN without) (NP (NN silence)))) (VP (VBZ does) (RB not) (VP (VB make) (NP (JJ much) (NN sense))))))))) (. .)))
Dr. Lees said, "When we take some research on school settings and put it all together, what we see is that education without silence does not make much sense.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Dr.
Dr.
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Lee
Lees
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
advmod
PronType=Int
when
When
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
take
take
VERB
VBP
det
some
some
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
research
research
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
school
school
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
setting
settings
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
put
put
VERB
VBP
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
advmod
all
all
ADV
RB
advmod
together
together
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj:outer
PronType=Rel
what
what
PRON
WP
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
see
see
VERB
VBP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Sing
education
education
NOUN
NN
case
without
without
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
silence
silence
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
do
does
AUX
VBZ
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
make
make
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
much
much
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
sense
sense
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (NNS areas)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJR better) (NN learning) (NNS outcomes))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJR better) (NML (NML (NN self-) (NN confidence)) (CC and) (NML (NN well-being) (NNS measures)))) (, ,) (NP (NP (VBN enforced) (NN silence)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN person) (POS 's)) (NN life)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN individual) (POS 's)) (NN education))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN shown) (PP (IN throughout) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ relevant) (NN research)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (NP (DT a) (NN benefit)))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
In areas of better learning outcomes, better self- confidence and well-being measures, enforced silence in a person's life and an individual's education is shown throughout the relevant research to be a benefit."
case
in
In
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
area
areas
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Cmp
good
better
ADJ
JJR
compound
Number=Sing
learning
learning
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
outcome
outcomes
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Cmp
good
better
ADJ
JJR
compound
Number=Sing
self-
self-
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
confidence
confidence
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
well-being
well-being
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
measure
measures
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
enforce
enforced
VERB
VBN
conj
Number=Sing
silence
silence
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
person
person
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
nmod
Number=Sing
life
life
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
individual
individual
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
conj
Number=Sing
education
education
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
show
shown
VERB
VBN
case
throughout
throughout
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
relevant
relevant
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
research
research
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
xcomp
Number=Sing
benefit
benefit
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNS Dozens)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS schools)) (PP (IN across) (NP (NNP Britain)))))) (VP (VBP have) (ADVP (RB already)) (VP (VBN introduced) (NP (NP (NNS periods)) (PP (IN of) (NP (`` ``) (NP (JJ reflective) (NN silence)) ('' '') (PP (IN into) (NP (DT the) (NN timetable)))))))) (. .)))
Dozens of schools across Britain have already introduced periods of "reflective silence" into the timetable.
nsubj
Number=Plur
dozen
Dozens
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
school
schools
NOUN
NNS
case
across
across
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Britain
Britain
PROPN
NNP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
advmod
already
already
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
introduce
introduced
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Plur
period
periods
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Degree=Pos
reflective
reflective
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
silence
silence
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
case
into
into
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
timetable
timetable
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Kevin) (NNP Hogston)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN head)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNP Sheringdale) (NNP Primary)) (, ,) (NP (NNP south) (NNP London)) (, ,))))) (VP (VBZ has) (ADVP (RB just)) (VP (VBN introduced) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN minute) (POS 's)) (NN silence)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN start)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ twice-weekly) (NNS meetings)) (SBAR (WHPP (IN in) (WHNP (WDT which))) (S (NP (NNS children)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VP (VBN taught) (NP (NN breathing) (NNS techniques))) (CC and) (VP (VBN encouraged) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB reflect)))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Kevin Hogston, head of Sheringdale Primary, south London, has just introduced a minute's silence at the start of twice-weekly meetings in which children are taught breathing techniques and encouraged to reflect.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Kevin
Kevin
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Hogston
Hogston
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
appos
Number=Sing
head
head
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
Sheringdale
Sheringdale
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
primary
Primary
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
compound
Number=Sing
south
south
PROPN
NNP
appos
Number=Sing
London
London
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
advmod
just
just
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
introduce
introduced
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
minute
minute
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
obj
Number=Sing
silence
silence
NOUN
NN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
start
start
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
twice-weekly
twice-weekly
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
meeting
meetings
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
teach
taught
VERB
VBN
compound
Number=Sing
breathing
breathing
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
technique
techniques
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
encourage
encouraged
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
reflect
reflect
VERB
VB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN school)) (VP (VBZ plans) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB introduce) (NP (PRP it)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NNS classrooms))) (NP (DT every) (NN day)))))) (. .)))
The school plans to introduce it into classrooms every day.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
school
school
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
plan
plans
VERB
VBZ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
introduce
introduce
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
case
into
into
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
classroom
classrooms
NOUN
NNS
det
PronType=Tot
every
every
DET
DT
obl:tmod
Number=Sing
day
day
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
Encouraging pupils to keep noise to a minimum should be a valuable component of all children's education, according to new research.  Dr. Helen Lees, from Stirling University's school of education, says that "enforced silence" is seen as a punishment and often acts to _ children's natural ability. But she says that teaching children about the benefits of "enforced silence",--- deliberate stillness that gives them the opportunity to focus and reflect in a stress-free environment--- can have a significant effect on pupils' concentration and behavior.  It is the latest in a string of researches to establish a link between the classroom environment and pupils' academic ability.  A study almost a decade ago in London found that children's exam results were cut by as much as a third if they were taught in noisy classrooms. Teaching unions have also called for a limit of 26degC to be put on classroom temperatures because teachers and pupils struggle to work in hot conditions, and some educationalists claim that too much clutter on classroom walls can prevent children from concentrating.  Dr. Lees said, "When we take some research on school settings and put it all together, what we see is that education without silence does not make much sense. In areas of better learning outcomes, better self- confidence and well-being measures, enforced silence in a person's life and an individual's education is shown throughout the relevant research to be a benefit."  Dozens of schools across Britain have already introduced periods of "reflective silence" into the timetable.  Kevin Hogston, head of Sheringdale Primary, south London, has just introduced a minute's silence at the start of twice-weekly meetings in which children are taught breathing techniques and encouraged to reflect. The school plans to introduce it into classrooms every day.