(ROOT (S (PP (IN Throughout) (NP (DT the) (NN world))) (, ,) (NP (NNS boys) (CC and) (NNS girls)) (VP (VBP prefer) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB play) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS toys))))))))) (. .)))
Throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys.
case
throughout
Throughout
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
world
world
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
boy
boys
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
girl
girls
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
prefer
prefer
VERB
VBP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
play
play
VERB
VB
case
with
with
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
different
different
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
type
types
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Boys)) (ADVP (RB typically)) (VP (VBP like) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB play) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNS cars) (CC and) (NNS trucks)))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN while) (S (NP (NNS girls)) (ADVP (RB typically)) (VP (VBP choose) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB play) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNS dolls)))))))))) (. .)))
Boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls.
nsubj
Number=Plur
boy
Boys
NOUN
NNS
advmod
typically
typically
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
like
like
VERB
VBP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
play
play
VERB
VB
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
car
cars
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
truck
trucks
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
while
while
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
girl
girls
NOUN
NNS
advmod
typically
typically
ADV
RB
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
choose
choose
VERB
VBP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
play
play
VERB
VB
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
doll
dolls
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (SBARQ (WHADVP (WRB Why)) (SQ (VBZ is) (NP (DT this))) (. ?)))
Why is this?
advmod
PronType=Int
why
Why
ADV
WRB
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
PRON
DT
punct
?
?
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ traditional) (JJ sociological) (NN explanation)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS boys) (CC and) (NNS girls)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (ADJP (VBN socialized)) (CC and) (VP (VBN encouraged) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB play) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS toys))))) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS parents)) (, ,) (NP (NNS peers)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (`` ``) (NN society) ('' ''))))))))))))) (. .)))
A traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the "society".
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
traditional
traditional
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
sociological
sociological
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:outer
Number=Sing
explanation
explanation
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
boy
boys
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
girl
girls
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
socialize
socialized
VERB
VBN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
encourage
encouraged
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
play
play
VERB
VB
case
with
with
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
different
different
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
type
types
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
case
by
by
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Plur
parent
parents
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Plur
peer
peers
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
conj
Number=Sing
society
society
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (VBG Growing) (JJ scientific) (NN evidence)) (VP (VBZ suggests) (, ,) (ADVP (RB however)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNS boys) (POS ')) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNS girls) (POS ')) (NN toy) (NNS preferences))) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB have) (NP (DT a) (JJ biological) (NN origin))))))) (. .)))
Growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys' and girls' toy preferences may have a biological origin.
csubj
VerbForm=Ger
grow
Growing
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
scientific
scientific
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
evidence
evidence
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
suggest
suggests
VERB
VBZ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
however
however
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
boy
boys
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
girl
girls
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
compound
Number=Sing
toy
toy
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Plur
preference
preferences
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
biological
biological
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
origin
origin
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 2002))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP Gerianne) (NNP M.) (NNP Alexander)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (NNP Texas) (NML (NNP A) (CC &) (NNP M)) (NNP University)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNP Melissa) (NNP Hines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP City) (NNP University))))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP London)))))) (VP (VBD surprised) (NP (DT the) (JJ scientific) (NN world)) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG showing) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS monkeys)) (VP (VBD showed) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN sex) (JJ typical) (NN toy) (NNS preferences)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNS humans))))))))))) (. .)))
In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A & M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex typical toy preferences as humans.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2002
2002
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing
Gerianne
Gerianne
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
M.
M.
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Alexander
Alexander
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Texas
Texas
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
A
A
PROPN
NNP
cc
&
&
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
M
M
PROPN
NNP
conj
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Melissa
Melissa
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Hines
Hines
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
City
City
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
London
London
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
surprise
surprised
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
scientific
scientific
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
world
world
NOUN
NN
mark
by
by
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
show
showing
VERB
VBG
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
monkey
monkeys
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
show
showed
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
same
same
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
sex
sex
NOUN
NN
amod
Degree=Pos
typical
typical
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
toy
toy
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
preference
preferences
NOUN
NNS
case
as
as
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
human
humans
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NN study))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Alexander) (CC and) (NNP Hines)) (VP (VBD gave) (NP (NP (NP (CD two) (JJ masculine) (NNS toys)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN ball)) (CC and) (NP (DT a) (NN police) (NN car))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (, ,) (NP (NP (CD two) (JJ feminine) (NNS toys)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ soft) (NN doll)) (CC and) (NP (DT a) (NN cooking) (NN pot))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (NP (CD two) (JJ neutral) (NNS toys)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN picture) (NN book)) (CC and) (NP (DT a) (VBN stuffed) (NN dog))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NML (NML (CD 44) (NN male)) (CC and) (ADJP (CD 44) (JJ female))) (NNS monkeys)))))) (. .)))
In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing
Alexander
Alexander
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Hines
Hines
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
give
gave
VERB
VBD
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
amod
Degree=Pos
masculine
masculine
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
appos
Number=Sing
ball
ball
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
police
police
NOUN
NN
conj
Number=Sing
car
car
NOUN
NN
punct
)
)
PUNCT
-RRB-
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
amod
Degree=Pos
feminine
feminine
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
soft
soft
ADJ
JJ
appos
Number=Sing
doll
doll
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
cooking
cooking
NOUN
NN
conj
Number=Sing
pot
pot
NOUN
NN
punct
)
)
PUNCT
-RRB-
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
amod
Degree=Pos
neutral
neutral
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
picture
picture
NOUN
NN
appos
Number=Sing
book
book
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
stuff
stuffed
VERB
VBN
conj
Number=Sing
dog
dog
NOUN
NN
punct
)
)
PUNCT
-RRB-
case
to
to
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
44
44
NUM
CD
nmod
Number=Sing
male
male
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
44
44
NUM
CD
amod
Degree=Pos
female
female
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
monkey
monkeys
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (ADVP (RB then)) (VP (VBD assessed) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS monkeys) (POS ')) (NN preference)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT each) (NN toy)))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG measuring) (SBAR (WHNP (WHADJP (WRB how) (JJ much)) (NN time)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD spent) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT each)))))))))) (. .)))
They then assessed the monkeys' preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
advmod
PronType=Dem
then
then
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
assess
assessed
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
monkey
monkeys
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
obj
Number=Sing
preference
preference
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
each
each
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
toy
toy
NOUN
NN
mark
by
by
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
measure
measuring
VERB
VBG
advmod
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
amod
Degree=Pos
much
much
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
spend
spent
VERB
VBD
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
each
each
DET
DT
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (PRP$ Their) (NNS data)) (VP (VBD showed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (JJ male) (NNS monkeys)) (VP (VBD showed) (NP (NP (ADJP (RB significantly) (JJR greater)) (NN interest)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ masculine) (NNS toys))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ female) (NNS monkeys)) (VP (VBD showed) (NP (NP (ADJP (RB significantly) (JJR greater)) (NN interest)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ feminine) (NNS toys)))))) (. .)))
Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys.
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
Their
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
datum
data
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
show
showed
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
male
male
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
monkey
monkeys
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
show
showed
VERB
VBD
advmod
significantly
significantly
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Cmp
great
greater
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Sing
interest
interest
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
masculine
masculine
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
female
female
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
monkey
monkeys
NOUN
NNS
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
show
showed
VERB
VBD
advmod
significantly
significantly
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Cmp
great
greater
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Sing
interest
interest
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
feminine
feminine
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (CD two) (NNS sexes)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB differ) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NN preference)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (JJ neutral) (NNS toys))))))) (. .)))
The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Plur
sexe
sexes
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
do
did
AUX
VBD
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
root
VerbForm=Inf
differ
differ
VERB
VB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Sing
preference
preference
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
neutral
neutral
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (NP (NNS children) (POS ')) (POS s) (NN toy) (NNS preferences)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB largely)) (VP (VBN formed) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN gender) (NN socialization))) (, ,) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (JJ traditional) (NNS sociologists) (POS ')) (NN claim))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHPP (IN in) (WHNP (WDT which))) (S (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS parents)) (VP (VBP give) (`` ``) (NP (NP (NN gender) (JJ appropriate) ('' '') (NNS toys)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNS boys) (CC and) (NNS girls)))) (, ,) (SBARQ (WHADVP (WRB how)) (SQ (MD can) (NP (DT these) (ADJP (JJ male) (CC and) (JJ female)) (NNS monkeys)) (VP (VB have) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NNS preferences)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNS boys) (CC and) (NNS girls))))))))))))) (. ?)))
If children' s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists' claim, in which their parents give "gender appropriate" toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls?
mark
if
If
SCONJ
IN
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
case
Typo=Yes
's
s
PART
POS
compound
Number=Sing
toy
toy
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
preference
preferences
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advmod
largely
largely
ADV
RB
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
form
formed
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
gender
gender
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
socialization
socialization
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
as
as
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
traditional
traditional
ADJ
JJ
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
sociologist
sociologists
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
obl
Number=Sing
claim
claim
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
parent
parents
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
give
give
VERB
VBP
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
compound
Number=Sing
gender
gender
NOUN
NN
amod
Degree=Pos
appropriate
appropriate
ADJ
JJ
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
obj
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
boy
boys
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
girl
girls
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
det
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
this
these
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
male
male
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
female
female
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
monkey
monkeys
NOUN
NNS
root
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
same
same
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
preference
preferences
NOUN
NNS
case
as
as
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
boy
boys
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
girl
girls
NOUN
NNS
punct
?
?
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB never)) (VP (VBN socialized) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNS humans)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD had) (ADVP (RB never)) (VP (VBN seen) (NP (DT these) (NNS toys)) (ADVP (RB before)) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS lives)))))) (. .)))
They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.
nsubj:pass
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advmod
never
never
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
socialize
socialized
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
human
humans
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
AUX
VBD
advmod
never
never
ADV
RB
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
see
seen
VERB
VBN
det
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
this
these
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
toy
toys
NOUN
NNS
advmod
before
before
ADV
RB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Plur
life
lives
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
Throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. Boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. Why is this? A traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the "society". Growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys' and girls' toy preferences may have a biological origin.  In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A & M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex typical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys' preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.  If children' s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists' claim, in which their parents give "gender appropriate" toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls? They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.