(ROOT (S (NP (PRP$ Your) (NN name)) (VP (VBD made) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP you)) (VP (VB do) (NP (PRP it)) (, ,) (ADVP (RB though) (ADVP (RB unconsciously))) (, ,) (VP (VBZ suggests)) (NP (NP (JJ new) (NN research)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ finds) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP$ your) (NN name)) (VP (MD can) (ADVP (RB negatively)) (VP (VB make) (S (NP (PRP you)) (VP (VB achieve) (NP (JJR less)))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
your
Your
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Sing
name
name
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
make
made
VERB
VBD
obj
Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs
you
you
PRON
PRP
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
do
do
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
though
though
ADV
RB
advmod
unconsciously
unconsciously
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
parataxis
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
suggest
suggests
VERB
VBZ
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
research
research
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
find
finds
VERB
VBZ
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
your
your
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Sing
name
name
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
advmod
negatively
negatively
ADV
RB
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
make
make
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs
you
you
PRON
PRP
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
achieve
achieve
VERB
VB
obj
Degree=Cmp
less
less
ADJ
JJR
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NP (NNS Psychologists)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (NNP Yale)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP University)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP California))))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP San) (NNP Diego))) (VP (VBG studying) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ unconscious) (NN influence)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS names))))) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN preference)) (PP (IN for) (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ own) (NNS names) (CC and) (NNS initials)))) (: --) (NP (DT the) (`` ``) (NN name-letter) (NN effect) ('' '')) (, --)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB have) (NP (DT some) (JJ negative) (NNS consequences))))))) (. .)))
Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initials--the "name-letter effect"--can have some negative consequences.
nsubj
Number=Plur
psychologist
Psychologists
NOUN
NNS
case
at
at
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Yale
Yale
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
conj
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
California
California
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
appos
Number=Sing
San
San
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Diego
Diego
PROPN
NNP
acl
VerbForm=Ger
study
studying
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
unconscious
unconscious
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
influence
influence
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
name
names
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
say
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
preference
preference
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
amod
Degree=Pos
own
own
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
name
names
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
initial
initials
NOUN
NNS
punct
--
--
PUNCT
:
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
compound
Number=Sing
name-letter
name-letter
NOUN
NN
appos
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
punct
--
--
PUNCT
,
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
det
some
some
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
negative
negative
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
consequence
consequences
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NP (NNS Students)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (NNS names)) (S (VP (VBP begin) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNP C) (CC or) (NNP D))))))) (VP (VB get) (NP (NP (JJR lower) (NNS grades)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (DT those)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (NNS names)) (S (VP (VBP begin) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNP A) (CC or) (NN B))))))))))) (: ;) (S (NP (NP (JJ major) (NN league) (NN baseball) (NNS players)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (ADJP (JJ first) (CC or) (JJ last)) (NNS names)) (S (VP (VBD began) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNP K))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (DT the) (JJ strikeout-signifying) (NN letter)) (-RRB- -RRB-))))) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (ADVP (RB significantly) (RBR more) (JJ likely)) (NN tostrike) (PRT (RP out))))) (. .)))
Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K (the strikeout-signifying letter) are significantly more likely tostrike out.
nsubj
Number=Plur
student
Students
NOUN
NNS
nmod:poss
Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel
whose
whose
PRON
WP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
name
names
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
begin
begin
VERB
VBP
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
C
C
PROPN
NNP
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
D
D
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin
get
get
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Cmp
low
lower
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Plur
grade
grades
NOUN
NNS
case
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
those
PRON
DT
nmod:poss
Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel
whose
whose
PRON
WP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
name
names
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
begin
begin
VERB
VBP
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
A
A
PROPN
NNP
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
B
B
NOUN
NN
punct
;
;
PUNCT
:
amod
Degree=Pos
major
major
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
league
league
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
baseball
baseball
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Plur
player
players
NOUN
NNS
nmod:poss
Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel
whose
whose
PRON
WP$
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
last
last
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
name
names
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
begin
began
VERB
VBD
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
K
K
PROPN
NNP
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
strikeout-signifying
strikeout-signifying
ADJ
JJ
appos
Number=Sing
letter
letter
NOUN
NN
punct
)
)
PUNCT
-RRB-
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
significantly
significantly
ADV
RB
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
parataxis
Degree=Pos
likely
likely
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
tostrike
tostrike
NOUN
NN
advmod
out
out
ADP
RP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NN Assistant) (NNS professors)) (NP (NP (NNP Leif) (NNP Nelson)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNP UCSD)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNP Joseph) (NNP Simmons)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Yale)))))))) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN conducted) (NP (CD five) (NNS studies)) (PP (IN over) (NP (CD five) (NNS years))) (S (VP (VBG using) (NP (NN information)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NNS thousands)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS individuals))))))))) (. .)))
Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.
compound
Number=Sing
assistant
Assistant
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Plur
professor
professors
NOUN
NNS
flat
Number=Sing
Leif
Leif
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Nelson
Nelson
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
UCSD
UCSD
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Joseph
Joseph
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Simmons
Simmons
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Yale
Yale
PROPN
NNP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
conduct
conducted
VERB
VBN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
five
five
NUM
CD
obj
Number=Plur
study
studies
NOUN
NNS
case
over
over
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
five
five
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
use
using
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Sing
information
information
NOUN
NN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
thousand
thousands
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
individual
individuals
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (S (NP (DT The) (JJ conscious) (NN process)) (VP (VBZ is) (S (S (NP (NN baseball) (NNS players)) (VP (VBP want) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (NP (DT a) (NN hit))))))) (CC and) (S (NP (NNS students)) (VP (VBP want) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (NP (NNP A) (POS 's)))))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (NP (NNP Nelson)) (VP (VBZ says)) (. .)))
"The conscious process is baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A's," Nelson says.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
conscious
conscious
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:outer
Number=Sing
process
process
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
compound
Number=Sing
baseball
baseball
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Plur
player
players
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
want
want
VERB
VBP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
get
get
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
hit
hit
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Number=Plur
student
students
NOUN
NNS
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
want
want
VERB
VBP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
get
get
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Sing
A
A
PROPN
NNP
case
's
's
PART
POS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
nsubj
Number=Sing
Nelson
Nelson
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (ADVP (RB So)) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (PRP you)) (VP (VBP get) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN change)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NN performance)) (ADJP (JJ consistent) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT the) (NN name-letter) (NN effect)))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (ADVP (RB clearly)) (VP (VBZ shows) (SBAR (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (MD must) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (DT some) (JJ unconscious) (NN desire)) (VP (VBG operating) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ other) (NN direction)))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
"So if you get a change in performance consistent with the name-letter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction."
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
advmod
so
So
ADV
RB
mark
if
if
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs
you
you
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
get
get
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
change
change
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
performance
performance
NOUN
NN
amod
Degree=Pos
consistent
consistent
ADJ
JJ
case
with
with
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
name-letter
name-letter
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
advmod
clearly
clearly
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
show
shows
VERB
VBZ
expl
there
there
PRON
EX
aux
VerbForm=Fin
must
must
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
VERB
VB
det
some
some
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
unconscious
unconscious
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
desire
desire
NOUN
NN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
operate
operating
VERB
VBG
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
direction
direction
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS researchers) (POS ')) (NN work)) (VP (VBZ supports) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN series)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (NNS studies)) (VP (VBN published) (PP (IN since) (NP (CD 2002))))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN found) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (`` ``) (NN name-letter) (NN effect) ('' '')) (VP (VBZ causes) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (NN life) (NNS choices)) (PP (VBN based) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NNS names)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP resemble) (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ own)))))))))))))))))))))) (. .)))
The researchers' work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the "name-letter effect" causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble their own.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
researcher
researchers
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
nsubj
Number=Sing
work
work
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
support
supports
VERB
VBZ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
series
series
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
study
studies
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
publish
published
VERB
VBN
case
since
since
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2002
2002
NUM
CD
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
find
found
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
compound
Number=Sing
name-letter
name-letter
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
cause
causes
VERB
VBZ
iobj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
make
make
VERB
VB
compound
Number=Sing
life
life
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
choice
choices
NOUN
NNS
case
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
base
based
VERB
VBN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
name
names
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
resemble
resemble
VERB
VBP
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Degree=Pos
own
own
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT Those) (NNS studies)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NNP Brett) (NNP Pelham)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN associate) (NN professor)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NNP SUNY) (NNP University)))) (, ,)))) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN found) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNS people)) (ADJP (RB aredisproportionately) (JJ likely) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB live) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNS states) (CC or) (NNS cities)) (VP (VBG resembling) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS names)))))))))) (, ,) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (NNS careers)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VP (VBP resemble) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS names))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB even)) (VP (VB marry) (NP (NP (DT those)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (NNS surnames)) (S (VP (VBP begin) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN letter)) (PP (IN as) (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ own))))))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people aredisproportionately likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.
det
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
Those
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
study
studies
NOUN
NNS
case
by
by
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Brett
Brett
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Pelham
Pelham
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
associate
associate
NOUN
NN
appos
Number=Sing
professor
professor
NOUN
NN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
SUNY
SUNY
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
find
found
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
advmod
aredisproportionately
aredisproportionately
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
likely
likely
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
live
live
VERB
VB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
state
states
NOUN
NNS
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
city
cities
NOUN
NNS
acl
VerbForm=Ger
resemble
resembling
VERB
VBG
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Plur
name
names
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
parataxis
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
VERB
VBP
obj
Number=Plur
career
careers
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
resemble
resemble
VERB
VBP
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Plur
name
names
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
even
even
ADV
RB
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Inf
marry
marry
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
those
PRON
DT
nmod:poss
Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel
whose
whose
PRON
WP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
surname
surnames
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
begin
begin
VERB
VBP
case
with
with
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
same
same
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
letter
letter
NOUN
NN
case
as
as
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Degree=Pos
own
own
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN twist)) (PRN (, ,) (S (NP (NNP Pelham)) (VP (VBZ says))) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN believed) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (NN name-letter) (NN effect)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB apply) (PP (ADVP (RB only)) (IN to) (NP (JJ positive) (NNS outcomes)))))))))))) (. .)))
The twist, Pelham says, is that he has believed the name-letter effect would apply only to positive outcomes.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:outer
Number=Sing
twist
twist
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing
Pelham
Pelham
PROPN
NNP
parataxis
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
believe
believed
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
name-letter
name-letter
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
apply
apply
VERB
VB
advmod
only
only
ADV
RB
case
to
to
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
positive
positive
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
outcome
outcomes
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Nelson) (CC and) (NNP Simmons)) (PRN (, ,) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBZ says))) (, ,)) (VP (VBP are) (`` ``) (VP (VBG showing) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ applies) (ADVP (RBR more) (RB so)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (JJ negative) (NNS things)) (PP (IN than) (NP (JJ positive) (NNS things)))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
Nelson and Simmons, he says, are "showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things."
nsubj
Number=Sing
Nelson
Nelson
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Simmons
Simmons
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
parataxis
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
root
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
show
showing
VERB
VBG
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
apply
applies
VERB
VBZ
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
advmod
so
so
ADV
RB
case
to
to
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
negative
negative
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
thing
things
NOUN
NNS
case
than
than
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
positive
positive
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
thing
things
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS researchers)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (NN effect)) (VP (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB definitely)) (ADJP (ADJP (JJR more)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NN coincidence))))) (CC but) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ small)) (ADVP (RB nevertheless))))))) (. .)))
The researchers say the effect is definitely more than coincidence but is small nevertheless.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
researchers
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
say
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
advmod
definitely
definitely
ADV
RB
ccomp
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
case
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
coincidence
coincidence
NOUN
NN
cc
but
but
CCONJ
CC
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
conj
Degree=Pos
small
small
ADJ
JJ
advmod
nevertheless
nevertheless
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (S (NP (PRP I)) (VP (VBP know) (NP (NP (NP (NN plenty)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNPS Chrises) (CC and) (NNPS Davids)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN done) (ADVP (RB very) (RB well)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN school)))))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (NP (NNP Simmons)) (VP (VBZ says)) (. .)))
"I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school," Simmons says.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs
I
I
PRON
PRP
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
know
know
VERB
VBP
obj
Number=Sing
plenty
plenty
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
Chrises
Chrises
PROPN
NNPS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
David
Davids
PROPN
NNPS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
do
done
VERB
VBN
advmod
very
very
ADV
RB
advmod
Degree=Pos
well
well
ADV
RB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
school
school
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
nsubj
Number=Sing
Simmons
Simmons
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initials--the "name-letter effect"--can have some negative consequences.  Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K (the strikeout-signifying letter) are significantly more likely tostrike out.  Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.  "The conscious process is baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A's," Nelson says. "So if you get a change in performance consistent with the name-letter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction."  The researchers' work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the "name-letter effect" causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people aredisproportionately likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.  The twist, Pelham says, is that he has believed the name-letter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are "showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things."  The researchers say the effect is definitely more than coincidence but is small nevertheless. "I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school," Simmons says.