(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (ADJP (JJS oldest) (CC and) (JJS hardest)) (NN cow) (NN beef)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN made) (S (ADJP (ADJP (RB as) (JJ tender) (CC and) (JJ tasty)) (SBAR (IN as) (S (ADJP (JJ young) (CC and) (NN choice)) (VP (VBN met))))))))) (. .)))
The oldest and hardest cow beef may be made as tender and tasty as young and choice met.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Sup
old
oldest
ADJ
JJS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Sup
hard
hardest
ADJ
JJS
compound
Number=Sing
cow
cow
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
beef
beef
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
aux:pass
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
make
made
VERB
VBN
advmod
as
as
ADV
RB
xcomp
Degree=Pos
tender
tender
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
tasty
tasty
ADJ
JJ
mark
as
as
ADP
IN
nsubj
Degree=Pos
young
young
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
choice
choice
NOUN
NN
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
meet
met
VERB
VBN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (NP (DT This) (NN declaration)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ French) (NN physicist)) (NP (NNP Denis) (NNP Papin)))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NP (NN book)) (VP (VBN published) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1681))))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBD described) (NP (PRP$ his) (NML (`` ``) (NML (NNP New) (NNP Digester)) ('' '') (CC or) (NML (NN pressure) (NN cooker))))))))))) (. .)))
"This declaration was made by the French physicist Denis Papin in book published in 1681, which described his "New Digester" or pressure cooker.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
This
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
declaration
declaration
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
make
made
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
French
French
ADJ
JJ
obl:agent
Number=Sing
physicist
physicist
NOUN
NN
appos
Number=Sing
Denis
Denis
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Papin
Papin
PROPN
NNP
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
book
book
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
publish
published
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1681
1681
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
describe
described
VERB
VBD
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
his
his
PRON
PRP$
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
amod
Degree=Pos
New
New
ADJ
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Digester
Digester
PROPN
NNP
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
pressure
pressure
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
cooker
cooker
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (DT a) (NML (NN cast) (NN iron)) (NN pot)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ air-tight) (NN lid)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBD allowed) (S (NP (NNS liquids)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB boil) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJR higher) (NN temperature)) (PP (IN than) (ADJP (JJ usual)))))))))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (ADVP (RB so)) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD cooked) (NP (NN food)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN quarter)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN time))))))) (. .)))
It was a cast iron pot with an air-tight lid, which allowed liquids to boil at a higher temperature than usual, and so it cooked food in a quarter of the time.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
cast
cast
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
iron
iron
NOUN
NN
root
Number=Sing
pot
pot
NOUN
NN
case
with
with
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
air-tight
air-tight
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
lid
lid
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
allow
allowed
VERB
VBD
iobj
Number=Plur
liquid
liquids
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
boil
boil
VERB
VB
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Cmp
high
higher
ADJ
JJR
obl
Number=Sing
temperature
temperature
NOUN
NN
case
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
Degree=Pos
usual
usual
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
so
so
ADV
RB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
cook
cooked
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Sing
food
food
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|Number=Sing
quarter
quarter
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN food)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN cooked) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (VBN pressurized) (NN steam)) (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN forced) (PP (IN through) (NP (PRP it))) (PP (IN at) (NP (RB about) (NNP 121degC))))))))) (. .)))
The food was cooked by pressurized steam being forced through it at about 121degC.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
food
food
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
cook
cooked
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
pressurize
pressurized
VERB
VBN
obl:agent
Number=Sing
steam
steam
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
VerbForm=Ger
be
being
AUX
VBG
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
force
forced
VERB
VBN
case
through
through
ADP
IN
obl
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
case
at
at
ADP
IN
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
obl
Number=Sing
121degC
121degC
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT All) (NN pressure) (NNS cookers)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN cast) (NN iron))) (PP (IN until) (NP (NP (CD 1905)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN aluminum) (NN model)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP America))))))))))) (. .)))
All pressure cookers were made of cast iron until 1905, when the first aluminum model was made in America.
det
all
All
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
pressure
pressure
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
cooker
cookers
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
make
made
VERB
VBN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
cast
cast
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
iron
iron
NOUN
NN
case
until
until
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1905
1905
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
aluminum
aluminum
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
model
model
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
make
made
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
America
America
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 1938))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP Alfred) (NNP Vischer)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN man)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP Chicago)))) (, ,) (NP (NNP U.) (NNP S.) (NNP A.)) (, ,))) (VP (VBD designed) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ simple) (JJ interlocking) (NN pan) (CC and) (NN lid)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT an) (VBN improved) (JJ pressure-tight) (NN seal)) (: --) (NP (DT a) (JJ replaceable) (NN rubber) (NN sealing) (NN ring))))) (. .)))
In 1938, Alfred Vischer, a man from Chicago, U. S. A., designed a simple interlocking pan and lid, and an improved pressure-tight seal--a replaceable rubber sealing ring.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1938
1938
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing
Alfred
Alfred
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Vischer
Vischer
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
appos
Number=Sing
man
man
NOUN
NN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Chicago
Chicago
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
appos
Number=Sing
U.
U.
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
S.
S.
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
A.
A.
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
design
designed
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
simple
simple
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
interlocking
interlocking
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
pan
pan
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
lid
lid
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
improve
improved
VERB
VBN
amod
Degree=Pos
pressure-tight
pressure-tight
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Sing
seal
seal
NOUN
NN
punct
--
--
PUNCT
:
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
replaceable
replaceable
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
rubber
rubber
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
sealing
sealing
NOUN
NN
appos
Number=Sing
ring
ring
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (NP (NNP Vischer) (POS 's)) (NN patent)) (VP (VBD expired) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1954)))))) (, ,) (S (NP (JJ many) (NNS companies)) (VP (VBD entered) (NP (DT the) (NN field)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ rapid) (NN pressure) (NN cooker)) (VP (VBD became) (ADJP (JJ popular)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VP (VBD had) (NP (NP (JJ little) (NN time)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB cook))))))) (CC or) (VP (VBD had) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB supply) (NP (NN food)) (PP (IN for) (NP (JJ unexpected) (NNS guests)))))))))))))))) (. .)))
When Vischer's patent expired in 1954, many companies entered the field, and the rapid pressure cooker became popular with people with people who had little time to cook or had to supply food for unexpected guests.
advmod
PronType=Int
when
When
ADV
WRB
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
Vischer
Vischer
PROPN
NNP
case
's
's
PART
POS
nsubj
Number=Sing
patent
patent
NOUN
NN
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
expire
expired
VERB
VBD
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1954
1954
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
many
many
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
company
companies
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
enter
entered
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
field
field
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
rapid
rapid
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
pressure
pressure
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
cooker
cooker
NOUN
NN
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
become
became
VERB
VBD
xcomp
Degree=Pos
popular
popular
ADJ
JJ
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
case
with
with
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Pos
little
little
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
cook
cook
VERB
VB
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
VERB
VBD
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
supply
supply
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Sing
food
food
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
unexpected
unexpected
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
guest
guests
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
The oldest and hardest cow beef may be made as tender and tasty as young and choice met. "This declaration was made by the French physicist Denis Papin in book published in 1681, which described his "New Digester" or pressure cooker. It was a cast iron pot with an air-tight lid, which allowed liquids to boil at a higher temperature than usual, and so it cooked food in a quarter of the time. The food was cooked by pressurized steam being forced through it at about 121degC. All pressure cookers were made of cast iron until 1905, when the first aluminum model was made in America. In 1938, Alfred Vischer, a man from Chicago, U. S. A., designed a simple interlocking pan and lid, and an improved pressure-tight seal--a replaceable rubber sealing ring. When Vischer's patent expired in 1954, many companies entered the field, and the rapid pressure cooker became popular with people with people who had little time to cook or had to supply food for unexpected guests.