(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (DT The) (NN one-child) (NN policy)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (VBN simplified) (NNP Chinese)) (: :)) (: ;) (NP (NP (JJ traditional) (NNP Chinese)) (: :) (: ;) (S (NP (NP (NP (NN pinyin)) (: :) (NP (FW jìhuà) (FW sh) (FW ngyù) (FW zhèngcè))) (: ;) (NP (ADVP (RB literally)) (`` ``) (NML (NN policy)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN birth) (NN planning))) ('' '')) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBZ refers) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN one-child) (NN limitation)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (JJS most) (NNS families)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NML (NN population) (NN control)) (NN policy)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP People) (POS 's)) (NNP Republic)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP China))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP PRC)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))))))) (. .)))
The one-child policy (simplified Chinese:; traditional Chinese:; pinyin: jìhuà sh ngyù zhèngcè; literally "policy of birth planning") refers to the one-child limitation on most families in the population control policy of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
one-child
one-child
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
simplify
simplified
VERB
VBN
xcomp
Number=Sing
Chinese
Chinese
PROPN
NNP
punct
:
:
PUNCT
:
punct
;
;
PUNCT
:
amod
Degree=Pos
traditional
traditional
ADJ
JJ
appos
Number=Sing
Chinese
Chinese
PROPN
NNP
punct
:
:
PUNCT
:
punct
;
;
PUNCT
:
appos
Number=Sing
pinyin
pinyin
NOUN
NN
punct
:
:
PUNCT
:
appos
Foreign=Yes
jìhuà
jìhuà
X
FW
flat
sh
sh
X
FW
goeswith
Foreign=Yes
ngyù
X
FW
flat
Foreign=Yes
zhèngcè
zhèngcè
X
FW
punct
;
;
PUNCT
:
advmod
literally
literally
ADV
RB
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
appos
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
birth
birth
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
planning
planning
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
punct
)
)
PUNCT
-RRB-
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
refer
refers
VERB
VBZ
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
one-child
one-child
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
limitation
limitation
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADJ
JJS
nmod
Number=Plur
family
families
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
population
population
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
control
control
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
People
People
PROPN
NNP
case
's
's
PART
POS
nmod
Number=Sing
Republic
Republic
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
appos
Number=Sing
PRC
PRC
PROPN
NNP
punct
)
)
PUNCT
-RRB-
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (JJ Chinese) (NN government)) (VP (VBZ refers) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP it))) (PP (IN under) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ official) (NN translation)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN family) (NN planning) (NN policy)))))) (. .)))
The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
government
government
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
refer
refers
VERB
VBZ
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
case
under
under
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
official
official
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
translation
translation
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
family
family
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
planning
planning
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (ADVP (RB officially)) (VP (VBZ restricts) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS children))))) (. .)))
It officially restricts the number of children.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
advmod
officially
officially
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
restrict
restricts
VERB
VBZ
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
number
number
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (VBN Married) (JJ urban) (NNS couples)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB have) (PP (IN to) (NP (CD one))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN although) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ allows) (NP (NP (NNS exemptions)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (JJ several) (NNS cases)) (, ,) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (JJ rural) (NNS couples)) (, ,) (NP (JJ ethnic) (NNS minorities)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNS parents)) (PP (IN without) (NP (NP (DT any) (NNS siblings)) (ADVP (PRP themselves))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Married urban couples can have to one, although it allows exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves.
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
marry
Married
VERB
VBN
amod
Degree=Pos
urban
urban
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
couple
couples
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
although
although
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
allow
allows
VERB
VBZ
obj
Number=Plur
exemption
exemptions
NOUN
NNS
case
for
for
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
several
several
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
case
cases
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
VerbForm=Ger
include
including
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
rural
rural
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
couple
couples
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
ethnic
ethnic
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
minority
minorities
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
parent
parents
NOUN
NNS
case
without
without
ADP
IN
det
any
any
DET
DT
obl
Number=Plur
sibling
siblings
NOUN
NNS
nmod:npmod
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes
themselves
themselves
PRON
PRP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN spokesperson)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Committee)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NNP One-Child) (NNP Policy)))))) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN said) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (QP (RB approximately) (CD 35.9)) (NN %)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNP China) (POS 's)) (NN population)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB currently)) (ADJP (JJ subject) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN one-child) (NN restriction))))))))) (. .)))
A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said that approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
spokesperson
spokesperson
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
Committee
Committee
PROPN
NNP
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
one-child
One-Child
ADJ
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
Policy
Policy
PROPN
NNP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
say
said
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
advmod
approximately
approximately
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
35.9
35.9
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Sing
%
%
SYM
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
case
's
's
PART
POS
nmod
Number=Sing
population
population
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
advmod
currently
currently
ADV
RB
ccomp
Degree=Pos
subject
subject
ADJ
JJ
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
one-child
one-child
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
restriction
restriction
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNP Special) (NNP Administrative) (NNPS Regions)) (PP (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Hong) (NNP Kong))) (CC and) (NP (NNP Macau)))) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB completely)) (VP (VBN exempted) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN policy))))) (. .)))
The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are completely exempted from the policy.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Special
Special
ADJ
NNP
amod
Degree=Pos
administrative
Administrative
ADJ
NNP
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
Region
Regions
PROPN
NNPS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
Hong
Hong
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
Kong
Kong
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Macau
Macau
PROPN
NNP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
completely
completely
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
exempt
exempted
VERB
VBN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN policy)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VP (VBN introduced) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1978)))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB initially)) (VP (VBN applied) (PP (IN to) (NP (JJ first-born) (NNS children))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN year)) (PP (IN of) (NP (CD 1979)))))))) (. .)))
The policy was introduced in 1978 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
introduce
introduced
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1978
1978
NUM
CD
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
initially
initially
ADV
RB
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
apply
applied
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
first-born
first-born
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
year
year
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1979
1979
NUM
CD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN created) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (JJ Chinese) (NN government))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB alleviate) (, ,) (NP (ADJP (JJ social) (, ,) (JJ economic) (, ,) (CC and) (JJ environmental)) (NNS problems)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP China))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NNS authorities)) (VP (VBP claim) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN policy)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VP (VBN prevented) (NP (QP (RB between) (CD 250) (CC and) (CD 300) (CD million)) (NNS births)) (PP (IN from) (NP (PRP$ its) (NN implementation))) (PP (IN until) (NP (CD 2000)))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (NP (QP (CD 400) (CD million)) (NNS births)) (PP (PP (IN from) (NP (CD 1979))) (PP (IN to) (NP (CD 2010))))))))))) (. .)))
It was created by the Chinese government to alleviate, social, economic, and environmental problems in China, and authorities claim that the policy has prevented between 250 and 300 million births from its implementation until 2000, and 400 million births from 1979 to 2010.
nsubj:pass
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
create
created
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
obl:agent
Number=Sing
government
government
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
alleviate
alleviate
VERB
VB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Degree=Pos
social
social
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Degree=Pos
economic
economic
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
environmental
environmental
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
problem
problems
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Number=Plur
authority
authorities
NOUN
NNS
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
claim
claim
VERB
VBP
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
prevent
prevented
VERB
VBN
advmod
between
between
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
250
250
NUM
CD
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
compound
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
300
300
NUM
CD
conj
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
million
million
NUM
CD
obj
Number=Plur
birth
births
NOUN
NNS
case
from
from
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
its
its
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Sing
implementation
implementation
NOUN
NN
case
until
until
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2000
2000
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
compound
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
400
400
NUM
CD
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
million
million
NUM
CD
conj
Number=Plur
birth
births
NOUN
NNS
case
from
from
ADP
IN
nmod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1979
1979
NUM
CD
case
to
to
ADP
IN
nmod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2010
2010
NUM
CD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN policy)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ controversial)) (PP (CC both) (PP (IN within) (CC and) (IN outside) (NP (NNP China)))) (PP (PP (IN because) (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN manner)) (SBAR (WHPP (IN in) (WHNP (WDT which))) (S (NP (DT the) (NN policy)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN implemented)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (PP (IN because) (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS concerns)) (PP (IN about) (NP (JJ negative) (JJ social) (NNS consequences))))))) (. .)))
The policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about negative social consequences.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
Degree=Pos
controversial
controversial
ADJ
JJ
cc:preconj
both
both
CCONJ
CC
case
within
within
ADP
IN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
outside
outside
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
case
because
because
ADP
IN
fixed
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
manner
manner
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
implement
implemented
VERB
VBN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
case
because
because
ADP
IN
fixed
of
of
ADP
IN
conj
Number=Plur
concern
concerns
NOUN
NNS
case
about
about
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
negative
negative
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
social
social
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
consequence
consequences
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN policy)) (VP (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN implicated) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN increase)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (VBN forced) (NNS abortions)) (, ,) (NP (JJ female) (NN infanticide)) (, ,) (CC and) (PP (IN under) (NP (NP (NN reporting)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ female) (NNS births)))))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN suggested) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ possible) (NN cause)) (PP (IN behind) (NP (NP (NNP China) (POS 's)) (NN gender) (NN imbalance))))))))) (. .)))
The policy has been implicated in an increase in forced abortions, female infanticide, and under reporting of female births, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind China's gender imbalance.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
implicate
implicated
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
increase
increase
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
force
forced
VERB
VBN
nmod
Number=Plur
abortion
abortions
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
female
female
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Sing
infanticide
infanticide
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
case
under
under
ADP
IN
conj
Number=Sing
reporting
reporting
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
female
female
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
birth
births
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
suggest
suggested
VERB
VBN
case
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
possible
possible
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
cause
cause
NOUN
NN
case
behind
behind
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
case
's
's
PART
POS
compound
Number=Sing
gender
gender
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
imbalance
imbalance
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Nonetheless)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (CD 2008) (NN survey)) (VP (VBN undertaken) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NNP Pew) (NNP Research) (NNP Center))))) (VP (VBD reported) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (CD 76) (NN %)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ Chinese) (NN population)))) (VP (VBZ supports) (NP (DT the) (NN policy)))))) (. .)))
Nonetheless, a 2008 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center reported that 76% of the Chinese population supports the policy.
advmod
nonetheless
Nonetheless
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2008
2008
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Sing
survey
survey
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
undertake
undertaken
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Pew
Pew
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Research
Research
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
Center
Center
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
report
reported
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
76
76
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Sing
%
%
SYM
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
population
population
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
support
supports
VERB
VBZ
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN policy)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN enforced) (PP (IN at) (NP (DT the) (JJ provincial) (NN level))) (PP (IN through) (NP (NP (NNS fines)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN imposed) (PP (VBN based) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN income)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN family)) (CC and) (NP (JJ other) (NNS factors))))))))))))))) (. .)))
The policy is enforced at the provincial level through fines that are imposed based on the income of the family and other factors.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
enforce
enforced
VERB
VBN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
provincial
provincial
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
level
level
NOUN
NN
case
through
through
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
fine
fines
NOUN
NNS
nsubj:pass
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
impose
imposed
VERB
VBN
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
base
based
VERB
VBN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
income
income
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
family
family
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
factor
factors
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NML (NML (NN Population) (CC and) (NN Family)) (NN Planning)) (NNS Commissions)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ Chinese)) (: :)) (VP (VB exist) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT every) (NN level)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN government))))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB raise) (NP (NP (NN awareness)) (PP (IN about) (NP (DT the) (NN issue))))) (CC and) (VP (VB carry) (PRT (RP out)) (NP (NML (NN registration) (CC and) (NN inspection)) (NN work))))))) (. .)))
Population and Family Planning Commissions (Chinese: exist at every level of government to raise awareness about the issue and carry out registration and inspection work.
compound
Number=Sing
population
Population
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
compound
Number=Sing
family
Family
NOUN
NN
conj
Number=Sing
Planning
Planning
NOUN
NN
root
Number=Plur
commission
Commissions
NOUN
NNS
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
amod
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
punct
:
:
PUNCT
:
parataxis
Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin
exist
exist
VERB
VB
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
PronType=Tot
every
every
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
level
level
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
government
government
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
raise
raise
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Sing
awareness
awareness
NOUN
NN
case
about
about
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
issue
issue
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Inf
carry
carry
VERB
VB
compound:prt
out
out
ADP
RP
compound
Number=Sing
registration
registration
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
inspection
inspection
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
work
work
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN Despite) (NP (DT this) (NN policy))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB still)) (NP (NP (JJ many) (NNS citizens)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP continue) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB have) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD one)) (NN child)))))))))) (. .)))
Despite this policy, there are still many citizens that continue to have more than one child.
case
despite
Despite
ADP
IN
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
expl
there
there
PRON
EX
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
VERB
VBP
advmod
still
still
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
many
many
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
citizen
citizens
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
continue
continue
VERB
VBP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
obj
Number=Sing
child
child
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 2008))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP China) (POS 's)) (NNP National) (NML (NML (NNP Population) (CC and) (NNP Family)) (NNP Planning)) (NNP Commission)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN policy)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB remain) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN place))) (PP (IN for) (NP (QP (ADVP (IN at) (JJS least)) (DT another)) (NN decade)))))))) (. .)))
In 2008, China's National Population and Family Planning Commission said that the policy will remain in place for at least another decade.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2008
2008
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
case
's
's
PART
POS
amod
Degree=Pos
National
National
ADJ
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Population
Population
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Family
Family
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Planning
Planning
PROPN
NNP
nsubj
Number=Sing
Commission
Commission
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
will
will
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
remain
remain
VERB
VB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
place
place
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
nmod
Degree=Sup
least
least
ADJ
JJS
det
another
another
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
decade
decade
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 2010))) (, ,) (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN announced) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN majority)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS citizens)) (ADJP (RB first) (JJ subject) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN policy))))))) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (ADVP (RB no) (RBR longer)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ reproductive) (NN age)))))) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN speculated))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (JJ many) (NNS citizens)) (ADVP (RB simply)) (VP (VBP disregard) (CC or) (VBP violate) (NP (DT the) (NN policy)) (PP (IN in) (NP (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ recent)) (NNS years)))))))))) (. .)))
In 2010, it was announced that the majority of the citizens first subject to the policy are no longer of reproductive age and it has been speculated, that many citizens simply disregard or violate the policy in more recent years.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2010
2010
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
expl
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
announce
announced
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
majority
majority
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
citizen
citizens
NOUN
NNS
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
first
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
subject
subject
ADJ
JJ
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
no
no
ADV
RB
advmod
Degree=Cmp
long
longer
ADV
RBR
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
reproductive
reproductive
ADJ
JJ
csubj:pass
Number=Sing
age
age
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj:pass
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
speculate
speculated
VERB
VBN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
many
many
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
citizen
citizens
NOUN
NNS
advmod
simply
simply
ADV
RB
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
disregard
disregard
VERB
VBP
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin
violate
violate
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
amod
Degree=Pos
recent
recent
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Still)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN deputy) (NN director)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Commission)))) (VP (VBD stated) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN policy)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB remain) (ADJP (JJ unchanged)) (PP (IN until) (NP (ADVP (IN at) (JJS least)) (CD 2015)))))))) (. .)))
Still, the deputy director of the Commission stated that the policy would remain unchanged until at least 2015.
advmod
still
Still
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
deputy
deputy
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
director
director
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
Commission
Commission
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
state
stated
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
remain
remain
VERB
VB
xcomp
Degree=Pos
unchanged
unchanged
ADJ
JJ
case
until
until
ADP
IN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
nmod
Degree=Sup
least
least
ADJ
JJS
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2015
2015
NUM
CD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB However)) (, ,) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP March) (CD 2011))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (JJ Chinese) (NN government)) (VP (VP (VBD reviewed) (NP (DT the) (NN policy))) (CC and) (VP (VBD expressed) (NP (NNS considerations) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB allow) (SBAR (IN for) (S (NP (NNS couples)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB have) (NP (DT a) (JJ second) (NN child)))))))))))) (. .)))
However, in March 2011, the Chinese government reviewed the policy and expressed considerations to allow for couples to have a second child.
advmod
however
However
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
March
March
PROPN
NNP
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2011
2011
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
government
government
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
review
reviewed
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
policy
policy
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
express
expressed
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Plur
consideration
considerations
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
allow
allow
VERB
VB
case
for
for
ADP
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
couple
couples
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
second
second
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
child
child
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
The one-child policy (simplified Chinese:; traditional Chinese:; pinyin: jìhuà sh ngyù zhèngcè; literally "policy of birth planning") refers to the one-child limitation on most families in the population control policy of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy. It officially restricts the number of children. Married urban couples can have to one, although it allows exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said that approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction. The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are completely exempted from the policy.  The policy was introduced in 1978 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979. It was created by the Chinese government to alleviate, social, economic, and environmental problems in China, and authorities claim that the policy has prevented between 250 and 300 million births from its implementation until 2000, and 400 million births from 1979 to 2010. The policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about negative social consequences. The policy has been implicated in an increase in forced abortions, female infanticide, and under reporting of female births, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind China's gender imbalance. Nonetheless, a 2008 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center reported that 76% of the Chinese population supports the policy.  The policy is enforced at the provincial level through fines that are imposed based on the income of the family and other factors. Population and Family Planning Commissions (Chinese: exist at every level of government to raise awareness about the issue and carry out registration and inspection work. Despite this policy, there are still many citizens that continue to have more than one child.  In 2008, China's National Population and Family Planning Commission said that the policy will remain in place for at least another decade. In 2010, it was announced that the majority of the citizens first subject to the policy are no longer of reproductive age and it has been speculated, that many citizens simply disregard or violate the policy in more recent years. Still, the deputy director of the Commission stated that the policy would remain unchanged until at least 2015. However, in March 2011, the Chinese government reviewed the policy and expressed considerations to allow for couples to have a second child.