(ROOT (SQ (VBP Have) (NP (PRP you)) (ADVP (RB ever)) (VP (VBN wondered) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS dogs)) (ADVP (RB first)) (VP (VBD became) (NP (`` ``) (NP (NP (NN man) (POS 's)) (JJS best) (NN friend)) ('' '') (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN world) (POS 's)) (JJ favourite) (NN pet))))))) (. ?)))
Have you ever wondered when dogs first became "man's best friend" and the world's favourite pet?
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
Have
AUX
VBP
nsubj
Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs
you
you
PRON
PRP
advmod
ever
ever
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
wonder
wondered
VERB
VBN
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
first
ADV
RB
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
become
became
VERB
VBD
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
man
man
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
amod
Degree=Sup
good
best
ADJ
JJS
xcomp
Number=Sing
friend
friend
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
world
world
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
amod
Degree=Pos
favourite
favourite
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Sing
pet
pet
NOUN
NN
punct
?
?
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (PRP you)) (VP (VBP have) (ADVP (RB then))))) (NP (PRP you)) (VP (VBP 're) (RB not) (ADJP (JJ alone))) (. .)))
If you have then you're not alone.
mark
if
If
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs
you
you
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
VERB
VBP
advmod
PronType=Dem
then
then
ADV
RB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs
you
you
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
're
AUX
VBP
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
root
Degree=Pos
alone
alone
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When) (CC and) (WRB where)) (S (NP (NNS dogs)) (ADVP (RB first)) (VP (VBD began) (S (VP (VBG living) (NP (NN side-side)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNS humans)))))))) (VP (VBP are)) (NP (NP (NNS questions)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN stirred) (NP (JJ hot) (NN debate)) (PP (IN among) (NP (NNS scientists)))))))) (. .)))
When and where dogs first began living side-side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists.
advmod
PronType=Int
when
When
ADV
WRB
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
PronType=Rel
where
where
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
first
ADV
RB
advcl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
begin
began
VERB
VBD
xcomp
VerbForm=Ger
live
living
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Sing
side-side
side-side
NOUN
NN
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
human
humans
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
root
Number=Plur
question
questions
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
stir
stirred
VERB
VBN
amod
Degree=Pos
hot
hot
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
debate
debate
NOUN
NN
case
among
among
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ few) (JJ hard) (NNS facts)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (DT all)) (VP (VBP agree) (PP (IN on))))))) (. .)))
There are a few hard facts that all agree on.
expl
there
There
PRON
EX
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
few
few
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
hard
hard
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
fact
facts
NOUN
NNS
obl
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
advmod
all
all
DET
DT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
agree
agree
VERB
VBP
case
on
on
ADP
IN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT These)) (VP (VBP include) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (NP (NNS dogs)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB once)) (NP (NNS wolves)))) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN animal)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN domesticated) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNS humans)))))))))))))) (. .)))
These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated by humans.
nsubj
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
this
These
PRON
DT
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
include
include
VERB
VBP
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advmod
NumType=Mult
once
once
ADV
RB
ccomp
Number=Plur
wolf
wolves
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Sing
animal
animal
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
aux:pass
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
domesticate
domesticated
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
obl:agent
Number=Plur
human
humans
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD came) (PP (IN into) (NP (NNS lives))) (ADVP (NP (DT some) (CD 15000) (NNS years)) (RB ago)) (, ,) (PP (IN before) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN dawn)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN agriculture)))))) (. .)))
They came into lives some 15000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
come
came
VERB
VBD
case
into
into
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
life
lives
NOUN
NNS
det
some
some
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
15000
15000
NUM
CD
obl:npmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
advmod
ago
ago
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
before
before
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
dawn
dawn
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
agriculture
agriculture
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN Beyond) (NP (DT that))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (JJ little) (NN agreement))) (. .)))
Beyond that, there is little agreement.
case
beyond
Beyond
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
that
that
PRON
DT
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
expl
there
there
PRON
EX
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
VERB
VBZ
amod
Degree=Pos
little
little
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
agreement
agreement
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS earliest) (NNS bones)) (VP (VBN found) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP are) (NP (JJ unquestionable) (NNS dogs))))))) (CC and) (RB not) (NP (NNS wolves))) (VP (VBP date) (PP (IN from) (ADVP (NP (CD 14,000) (NNS years)) (RB ago)))) (. .)))
The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14,000 years ago.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Sup
early
earliest
ADJ
JJS
nsubj
Number=Plur
bone
bones
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
find
found
VERB
VBN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
amod
Degree=Pos
unquestionable
unquestionable
ADJ
JJ
acl:relcl
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
conj
Number=Plur
wolf
wolves
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
date
date
VERB
VBP
case
from
from
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
14000
14,000
NUM
CD
obl:tmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
advmod
ago
ago
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB However)) (, ,) (S (NP (JJ 30,000-year-old) (NNS skulls)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN discovered) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP France) (CC and) (NNP Belgium))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP are) (RB not) (NP (JJ pure) (NN wolf))))))))) (CC and) (S (NP (DT some) (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (NP (NNS dogs)))))))) (. .)))
However, 30,000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolf and some scientists think could be dogs.
advmod
however
However
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
30,000-year-old
30,000-year-old
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
skull
skulls
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
discover
discovered
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
France
France
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Belgium
Belgium
PROPN
NNP
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
pure
pure
ADJ
JJ
acl:relcl
Number=Sing
wolf
wolf
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
some
some
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
think
think
VERB
VBP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
ccomp
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN With) (NP (JJ such) (JJ puzzling) (NN evidence))) (, ,) (NP (JJ many) (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB now)) (VP (VBG turning) (PP (IN to) (NP (NN DNA))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (PRT (RP out)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when) (CC and) (WRB where)) (S (NP (NNS dogs)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB first)) (VP (VBN domesticated)))))))))) (. .)))
With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated.
case
with
With
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
such
such
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
puzzling
puzzling
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
evidence
evidence
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
many
many
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
now
now
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
turn
turning
VERB
VBG
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
find
find
VERB
VB
compound:prt
out
out
ADP
RP
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
PronType=Rel
where
where
ADV
WRB
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
first
ADV
RB
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
domesticate
domesticated
VERB
VBN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD one) (NN research) (NN project))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNS tens)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS thousands)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN blood) (NNS samples)))))) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN taken) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NN street) (NNS dogs)) (PP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NN world)))))))) (. .)))
In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
compound
Number=Sing
research
research
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
project
project
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
ten
tens
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
thousand
thousands
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
blood
blood
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
sample
samples
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
take
taken
VERB
VBN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
street
street
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
case
around
around
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
world
world
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN plan)) (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB compare) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT those)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS wolves))))))))) (. .)))
The plan is to compare them with those of wolves.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:outer
Number=Sing
plan
plan
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
root
VerbForm=Inf
compare
compare
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
those
PRON
DT
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
wolf
wolves
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (PRP It))) (VP (VBZ 's) (ADJP (RB even) (JJ possible)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB analyse) (NP (NN DNA)) (PP (IN from) (NP (JJ ancient) (NNS bones))))))) (. .)))
It's even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones.
expl
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
's
AUX
VBZ
advmod
even
even
ADV
RB
root
Degree=Pos
possible
possible
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
csubj
VerbForm=Inf
analyse
analyse
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
ancient
ancient
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
bone
bones
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NP (JJ Tiny) (NNS pieces)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ 30,000-year-old) (NNS skulls)) (VP (VBN mentioned) (ADVP (RBR earlier)))))) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB currently)) (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN studied))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT another) (NN DNA) (NN study)) (VP (VBZ has) (ADVP (RB already)) (VP (VBN shown) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (JJ ancient) (NNS dogs)) (VP (VBN preserved) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ Alaskan) (NNS ice-fields))))) (VP (VBD evolved) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (JJ Asian) (NNS wolves)) (, ,) (RB not) (NP (JJ American) (NNS ones)))))))))) (. .)))
Tiny pieces of the 30,000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice-fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.
amod
Degree=Pos
tiny
Tiny
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
piece
pieces
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
30,000-year-old
30,000-year-old
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
skull
skulls
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
mention
mentioned
VERB
VBN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
early
earlier
ADV
RBR
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
currently
currently
ADV
RB
aux:pass
VerbForm=Ger
be
being
AUX
VBG
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
study
studied
VERB
VBN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
another
another
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
advmod
already
already
ADV
RB
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
show
shown
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
ancient
ancient
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
preserve
preserved
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
alaskan
Alaskan
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
ice-field
ice-fields
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
evolve
evolved
VERB
VBD
case
from
from
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
Asian
Asian
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
wolf
wolves
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
American
American
ADJ
JJ
appos
Number=Plur
one
ones
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Indeed)) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (JJ ancient) (NN DNA)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB turn) (PRT (RP out)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ informative)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN DNA)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN living) (NNS dogs))))))))))) (. .)))
Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs.
advmod
indeed
Indeed
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
ancient
ancient
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
turn
turn
VERB
VB
compound:prt
out
out
ADP
RP
mark
to
to
PART
TO
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
xcomp
Degree=Pos
informative
informative
ADJ
JJ
case
than
than
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
DNA
DNA
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
living
living
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN Because) (S (NP (NNS dogs)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN accompanied) (NP (NNS humans)) (PP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NN world))) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NNS thousands)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS years))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ current) (NN distribution)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB tell) (NP (PRP us)) (NP (NP (ADVP (RB very) (RB little))) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS origins)))))) (. .)))
Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins.
mark
because
Because
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
accompany
accompanied
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Plur
human
humans
NOUN
NNS
case
around
around
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
world
world
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
thousand
thousands
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
amod
Degree=Pos
current
current
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
distribution
distribution
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
tell
tell
VERB
VB
iobj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
us
PRON
PRP
advmod
very
very
ADV
RB
obj
Degree=Pos
little
little
ADV
RB
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Plur
origin
origins
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB why)) (S (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS groups)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS scientists)))) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS dogs)) (ADVP (RB variously)) (VP (VBD originated) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (JJ eastern) (NNP Asia)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Mongolia)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Siberia)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Europe)) (CC or) (NP (NNP Africa))))))))))) (. .)))
This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.
nsubj
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
This
PRON
DT
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
PronType=Rel
why
why
ADV
WRB
amod
Degree=Pos
different
different
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
group
groups
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
advcl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
believe
believe
VERB
VBP
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
advmod
variously
variously
ADV
RB
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
originate
originated
VERB
VBD
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
eastern
eastern
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
Asia
Asia
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
Mongolia
Mongolia
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
Siberia
Siberia
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
Europe
Europe
PROPN
NNP
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Africa
Africa
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (SBARQ (CC But) (WHADVP (WRB why)) (SQ (VBD were) (NP (DT the) (NNS animals)) (VP (VBN domesticated) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN place))))) (. ?)))
But why were the animals domesticated in the first place?
cc
but
But
CCONJ
CC
advmod
PronType=Int
why
why
ADV
WRB
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
animal
animals
NOUN
NNS
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
domesticate
domesticated
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
place
place
NOUN
NN
punct
?
?
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ recent)) (NN theory)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS dogs)) (VP (VBD domesticated) (NP (PRP themselves)) (, ,) (S (ADVP (RB initially)) (VP (VBG living) (PP (IN in) (CC and) (IN around) (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ ancient) (NNS villages))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB eat) (NP (NP (DT any) (NN food)) (VP (VBN thrown) (PRT (RP out))))))))))))) (. .)))
The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
amod
Degree=Pos
recent
recent
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:outer
Number=Sing
theory
theory
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
domesticate
domesticated
VERB
VBD
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes
themselves
themselves
PRON
PRP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
initially
initially
ADV
RB
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
live
living
VERB
VBG
case
in
in
ADP
IN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
around
around
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
amod
Degree=Pos
ancient
ancient
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
village
villages
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
eat
eat
VERB
VB
det
any
any
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
food
food
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
throw
thrown
VERB
VBN
compound:prt
out
out
ADP
RP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NN Today)) (, ,) (NP (DT this)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN way)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN life)))) (VP (ADVP (RB still)) (VBN shared) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (CD three) (NNS -quarters)) (PP (IN of) (NP (QP (DT a) (CD billion)) (JJ unowned) (NNS dogs))))) (ADVP (RB worldwide))))) (. .)))
Today, this is a way of life still shared by three -quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.
obl:tmod
Number=Sing
today
Today
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
PRON
DT
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
root
Number=Sing
way
way
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
life
life
NOUN
NN
advmod
still
still
ADV
RB
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
share
shared
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
three
three
NUM
CD
obl:agent
Number=Plur
-quarter
-quarters
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
billion
billion
NUM
CD
amod
Degree=Pos
unowned
unowned
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
advmod
worldwide
worldwide
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
Have you ever wondered when dogs first became "man's best friend" and the world's favourite pet? If you have then you're not alone. When and where dogs first began living side-side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated by humans. They came into lives some 15000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.  Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14,000 years ago. However, 30,000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolf and some scientists think could be dogs.  With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It's even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30,000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice-fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.  Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.  But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three -quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.