(ROOT (S (NP (JJ American) (NNS doctors)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNS mothers)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP smoke) (NP (NNS cigarettes)) (SBAR (IN before) (S (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS babies)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN born))))))))) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB slow) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN growth)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS babies) (POS ')) (NNS lungs))))))))) (. .)))
American doctors say that mothers who smoke cigarettes before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies' lungs.
amod
Degree=Pos
American
American
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
doctor
doctors
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
say
VERB
VBP
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
mother
mothers
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoke
VERB
VBP
obj
Number=Plur
cigarette
cigarettes
NOUN
NNS
mark
before
before
SCONJ
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
baby
babies
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
bear
born
VERB
VBN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
slow
slow
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
growth
growth
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
baby
babies
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
nmod
Number=Plur
lung
lungs
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (S (NP (VBN reduced) (NN lung) (NN growth)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB cause) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS babies)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB suffer) (NP (NP (NN breathing) (NNS problems)) (CC and) (NP (NN lung) (NNS diseases))) (ADVP (ADVP (RBR later)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN life)))))))))))) (. .)))
They say reduced lung growth could cause the babies to suffer breathing problems and lung diseases later in life.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
say
VERB
VBP
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
reduce
reduced
VERB
VBN
compound
Number=Sing
lung
lung
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
growth
growth
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
cause
cause
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
iobj
Number=Plur
baby
babies
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
suffer
suffer
VERB
VB
compound
Number=Sing
breathing
breathing
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
problem
problems
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
compound
Number=Sing
lung
lung
NOUN
NN
conj
Number=Plur
disease
diseases
NOUN
NNS
advmod
Degree=Cmp
late
later
ADV
RBR
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
life
life
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNS Doctors)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP Boston)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Massachusetts))))) (VP (VBD studied) (NP (CD 1,000) (NNS children))) (. .)))
Doctors in Boston, Massachusetts studied 1,000 children.
nsubj
Number=Plur
doctor
Doctors
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Boston
Boston
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
appos
Number=Sing
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
study
studied
VERB
VBD
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1000
1,000
NUM
CD
obj
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS mothers)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT some)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS children)))))) (VP (VBD smoked) (, ,) (SBAR (IN while) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ other) (NNS mothers)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not))))) (. .)))
The mothers of some of the children smoked, while the other mothers did not.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
mother
mothers
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
some
some
DET
DT
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoked
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
while
while
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
mother
mothers
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
do
did
AUX
VBD
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Doctors)) (VP (VBD found) (SBAR (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS lungs)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS children)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (NNS mothers)) (S (VP (VBD smoked))))))) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (ADJP (NP (CD 8) (NN %)) (RBR less) (VBN developed)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS lungs)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS children)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (NNS mothers)) (S (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB smoke))))))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS children)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (NNS mothers)) (S (VP (VBD smoked))))) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NP (ADJP (NP (CD 25) (NN %)) (RBR more)) (ADJP (JJ cold) (CC and) (NN breathing)) (NNS diseases)) (PP (IN than) (NP (JJ other) (NNS children)))) (PP (ADVP (RBR later)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN life))))))))) (. .)))
Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke, and that the children whose mothers smoked had 25% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.
nsubj
Number=Plur
doctor
Doctors
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
lung
lungs
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
nmod:poss
Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel
whose
whose
PRON
WP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
mother
mothers
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoked
VERB
VBD
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
8
8
NUM
CD
obl:npmod
Number=Sing
%
%
SYM
NN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
less
less
ADV
RBR
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
develop
developed
VERB
VBN
case
than
than
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Plur
lung
lungs
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
nmod:poss
Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel
whose
whose
PRON
WP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
mother
mothers
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
do
did
AUX
VBD
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
acl:relcl
VerbForm=Inf
smoke
smoke
VERB
VB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
nmod:poss
Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel
whose
whose
PRON
WP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
mother
mothers
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoked
VERB
VBD
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
VERB
VBD
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
25
25
NUM
CD
obl:npmod
Number=Sing
%
%
SYM
NN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
amod
Degree=Pos
cold
cold
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
breathing
breathing
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
disease
diseases
NOUN
NNS
case
than
than
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
advmod
Degree=Cmp
late
later
ADV
RBR
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
life
life
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT Another) (JJ recent) (NN study)) (VP (VBD found) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS children)) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJR greater) (NN chance)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG having) (NP (NN lung) (NN cancer)) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS mothers)) (VP (VBD smoked)))))))))))) (. .)))
Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of having lung cancer if their mothers smoked.
det
another
Another
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
recent
recent
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Cmp
great
greater
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Sing
chance
chance
NOUN
NN
mark
of
of
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
have
having
VERB
VBG
compound
Number=Sing
lung
lung
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
cancer
cancer
NOUN
NN
mark
if
if
SCONJ
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
mother
mothers
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
smoke
smoked
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN study)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD showed) (SBAR (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN danger)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN cancer)))) (VP (VBD increased) (PP (PP (ADVP (RB only)) (IN for) (NP (NNS sons))) (CC and) (RB not) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNS daughters))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN father) (POS 's)) (NN smoking)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB affect) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN child) (POS 's)) (NN chance)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG suffering) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN lung) (NN cancer))))))))))))) (. .)))
The study also showed that the danger of cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father's smoking did not affect a child's chance of suffering from lung cancer.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
advmod
also
also
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
show
showed
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
danger
danger
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
cancer
cancer
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
increase
increased
VERB
VBD
advmod
only
only
ADV
RB
case
for
for
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
son
sons
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
case
for
for
ADP
IN
conj
Number=Plur
daughter
daughters
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
father
father
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
nsubj
Number=Sing
smoking
smoking
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
do
did
AUX
VBD
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
conj
VerbForm=Inf
affect
affect
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
child
child
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
obj
Number=Sing
chance
chance
NOUN
NN
mark
of
of
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
suffer
suffering
VERB
VBG
case
from
from
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
lung
lung
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
cancer
cancer
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
American doctors say that mothers who smoke cigarettes before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies' lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause the babies to suffer breathing problems and lung diseases later in life. Doctors in Boston, Massachusetts studied 1,000 children. The mothers of some of the children smoked, while the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke, and that the children whose mothers smoked had 25% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.  Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of having lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father's smoking did not affect a child's chance of suffering from lung cancer.