(ROOT (S (NP (DT No) (NN one)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ sure) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ ancient) (NNPS Egyptians)) (VP (VBD built) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS pyramids)) (PP (IN near) (NP (NNP Cairo))))))))) (. .)))
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.
det
no
No
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing|PronType=Neg
one
one
PRON
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
Degree=Pos
sure
sure
ADJ
JJ
advmod
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
ancient
ancient
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
Egyptian
Egyptians
PROPN
NNPS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
build
built
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
pyramid
pyramids
NOUN
NNS
case
near
near
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Cairo
Cairo
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (CC But) (NP (DT a) (JJ new) (NN study)) (VP (VBZ suggests) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD used) (NP (DT a) (JJ little) (NN rock'n'roll)))))) (. .)))
But a new study suggests they used a little rock'n'roll.
cc
but
But
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
suggest
suggests
VERB
VBZ
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
use
used
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
little
little
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
rock'n'roll
rock'n'roll
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (JJ Long-ago) (NNS builders)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB have) (VP (VP (VBN attached) (NP (JJ wooden) (NNS poles)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NNS stones)))) (CC and) (VP (VBD rolled) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (NN sand)))))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBP say)) (. .)))
Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.
amod
Degree=Pos
Long-ago
Long-ago
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
builder
builders
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
aux
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
AUX
VB
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
attach
attached
VERB
VBN
amod
Degree=Pos
wooden
wooden
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
pole
poles
NOUN
NNS
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Plur
stone
stones
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
roll
rolled
VERB
VBD
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
case
across
across
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
sand
sand
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
say
VERB
VBP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (S (ADVP (RB Technically)) (, ,) (NP (PRP I)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP 're) (VP (VBG proposing))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ possible))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (NP (NN physicist) (NNP Daniel) (NNP Bonn)) (VP (VBD said)) (. .)))
"Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible," physicist Daniel Bonn said.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
advmod
technically
Technically
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs
I
I
PRON
PRP
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
think
think
VERB
VBP
nsubj
PronType=Rel
what
what
PRON
WP
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
're
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
propose
proposing
VERB
VBG
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
ccomp
Degree=Pos
possible
possible
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
nsubj
Number=Sing
physicist
physicist
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
Daniel
Daniel
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Bonn
Bonn
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS People)) (VP (VBP have) (ADVP (RB long)) (VP (VBN puzzled) (PP (IN over) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (DT the) (NNPS Egyptians)) (VP (VBD moved) (NP (JJ such) (JJ huge) (NNS rocks)))))))) (. .)))
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
People
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
advmod
Degree=Pos
long
long
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
puzzle
puzzled
VERB
VBN
mark
over
over
SCONJ
IN
advmod
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
Egyptian
Egyptians
PROPN
NNPS
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
move
moved
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Pos
such
such
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
huge
huge
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
rock
rocks
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (CC And) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ 's) (NP (DT no) (JJ obvious) (NN answer))) (. .)))
And there's no obvious answer.
cc
and
And
CCONJ
CC
expl
there
there
PRON
EX
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
's
VERB
VBZ
det
no
no
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
obvious
obvious
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
answer
answer
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN On) (ADJP (NN average))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT each)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (QP (CD two) (CD million)) (JJ big) (NNS stones)))) (VP (VBD weighed) (NP (NP (ADJP (RB about) (RB as) (RB much))) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT a) (JJ large) (NN pickup) (NN truck))))) (. .)))
On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.
case
on
On
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
average
average
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
each
each
DET
DT
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
million
million
NUM
CD
amod
Degree=Pos
big
big
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
stone
stones
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
weigh
weighed
VERB
VBD
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
advmod
as
as
ADV
RB
advmod
Degree=Pos
much
much
ADV
RB
case
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
large
large
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
pickup
pickup
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
truck
truck
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNPS Egyptians)) (ADVP (RB somehow)) (VP (VBD moved) (NP (DT the) (NN stone) (NNS blocks)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN pyramid) (NN site))) (PP (IN from) (NP (QP (RB about) (CD one) (NN kilometer)) (RB away)))) (. .)))
The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
Egyptian
Egyptians
PROPN
NNPS
advmod
somehow
somehow
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
move
moved
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
stone
stone
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
block
blocks
NOUN
NNS
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
pyramid
pyramid
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
site
site
NOUN
NN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
obl:npmod
Number=Sing
kilometer
kilometer
NOUN
NN
advmod
away
away
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ popular)) (NN view)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (JJ Egyptian) (NNS workers)) (VP (VBD slid) (NP (DT the) (NNS blocks)) (PP (IN along) (NP (JJ smooth) (NNS paths))))))) (. .)))
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
amod
Degree=Pos
popular
popular
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:outer
Number=Sing
view
view
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
Egyptian
Egyptian
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
worker
workers
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
slide
slid
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
block
blocks
NOUN
NNS
case
along
along
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
smooth
smooth
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
path
paths
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBP suspect) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS wokers)) (ADVP (RB first)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN put) (NP (DT the) (NNS blocks)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNS sleds))))))))) (. .)))
Many scientists suspect wokers first would have put the blocks on sleds.
amod
Degree=Pos
many
Many
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
suspect
suspect
VERB
VBP
nsubj
Number=Plur
woker
wokers
NOUN
NNS
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
first
ADV
RB
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
aux
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
AUX
VB
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
put
put
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
block
blocks
NOUN
NNS
case
on
on
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
sled
sleds
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Then)) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN dragged) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN along) (NP (NNS paths)))))) (. .)))
Then they would have dragged them along paths.
advmod
PronType=Dem
then
Then
ADV
RB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
aux
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
AUX
VB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
drag
dragged
VERB
VBN
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
case
along
along
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
path
paths
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (VP (TO To) (VP (VB make) (S (NP (DT the) (NN work)) (ADJP (JJR easier)))))) (, ,) (NP (NNS workers)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN lubricated) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS paths)) (PP (CC either) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJ wet) (NN clay))) (CC or) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN fat)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS cattle)))))))))) (. .)))
To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.
mark
to
To
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
make
make
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
work
work
NOUN
NN
xcomp
Degree=Cmp
easy
easier
ADJ
JJR
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
worker
workers
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
aux
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
AUX
VB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
lubricate
lubricated
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
path
paths
NOUN
NNS
cc:preconj
either
either
CCONJ
CC
case
with
with
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
wet
wet
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
clay
clay
NOUN
NN
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
case
with
with
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
conj
Number=Sing
fat
fat
NOUN
NN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
cattle
cattle
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Bonn)) (VP (VBZ has) (ADVP (RB now)) (VP (VBN tested) (NP (DT this) (NN idea)) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VP (VBG building) (NP (JJ small) (NNS sleds))) (CC and) (VP (VBG dragging) (NP (JJ heavy) (NNS objects)) (PP (IN over) (NP (NN sand))))))))) (. .)))
Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Bonn
Bonn
PROPN
NNP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
advmod
now
now
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
test
tested
VERB
VBN
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
idea
idea
NOUN
NN
mark
by
by
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
build
building
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
small
small
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
sled
sleds
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Ger
drag
dragging
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
heavy
heavy
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
object
objects
NOUN
NNS
case
over
over
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
sand
sand
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NN Evidence)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN sand)))) (VP (VBZ supports) (NP (DT this) (NN idea))) (. .)))
Evidence from the sand supports this idea.
nsubj
Number=Sing
evidence
Evidence
NOUN
NN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
sand
sand
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
support
supports
VERB
VBZ
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
idea
idea
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Researchers)) (VP (VBD found) (NP (NP (NP (JJ small) (NNS amounts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN fat)))) (, ,) (CONJP (RB as) (RB well) (IN as)) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ large) (NN amount)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN stone)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS remains)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS paths))))))) (. .)))
Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
Researchers
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Pos
small
small
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
amount
amounts
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
fat
fat
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
as
as
ADV
RB
fixed
Degree=Pos
well
well
ADV
RB
fixed
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
large
large
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Sing
amount
amount
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
stone
stone
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
conj
Number=Plur
remains
remains
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
path
paths
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB However)) (, ,) (NP (NN physicist) (NNP Joseph) (NNP West)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (MD might) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN been) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJR simpler) (NN way)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD led) (NP (DT the) (JJ new) (NN study)))))))))))) (. .)))
However, physicist Joseph West think there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study.
advmod
however
However
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
compound
Number=Sing
physicist
physicist
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
Joseph
Joseph
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
West
West
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
think
think
VERB
VBP
expl
there
there
PRON
EX
aux
VerbForm=Fin
might
might
AUX
MD
aux
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
AUX
VB
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Cmp
simple
simpler
ADJ
JJR
nsubj
Number=Sing
way
way
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
lead
led
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP West)) (VP (VBD said) (, ,) (`` ``) (S (NP (PRP I)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN inspired) (SBAR (IN while) (S (VP (VBG watching) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN television) (NN program)) (VP (VBG showing) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NNS sleds)) (VP (MD might) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN helped) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN pyramid) (NN construction))))))))))))))))) (. .)))
West said, "I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.
nsubj
Number=Sing
West
West
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
nsubj:pass
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs
I
I
PRON
PRP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
inspire
inspired
VERB
VBN
mark
while
while
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
watch
watching
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
television
television
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
program
program
NOUN
NN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
show
showing
VERB
VBG
advmod
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Number=Plur
sled
sleds
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
might
might
AUX
MD
aux
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
AUX
VB
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
help
helped
VERB
VBN
case
with
with
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
pyramid
pyramid
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
construction
construction
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP I)) (VP (VBD thought) (, ,) (`` ``) (SBARQ (WHADVP (WRB Why)) (SQ (VBP do) (RB n't) (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB just)) (VP (VB try) (S (VP (VBG rolling) (NP (DT the) (NNS things)))))))) (. ?) ('' ``)))
I thought, "Why don't they just try rolling the things? "
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs
I
I
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
think
thought
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
advmod
PronType=Int
why
Why
ADV
WRB
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
do
do
AUX
VBP
advmod
not
n't
PART
RB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advmod
just
just
ADV
RB
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
try
try
VERB
VB
xcomp
VerbForm=Ger
roll
rolling
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
thing
things
NOUN
NNS
punct
?
?
PUNCT
.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (S (S (NP (DT A) (NN square)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN turned) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ rough) (NN sort)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN wheel))))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG attaching) (NP (JJ wooden) (NNS poles)) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS sides)))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD realized)) (. .)))
A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
square
square
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
aux:pass
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
turn
turned
VERB
VBN
case
into
into
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
rough
rough
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
sort
sort
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
wheel
wheel
NOUN
NN
mark
by
by
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
attach
attaching
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
wooden
wooden
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
pole
poles
NOUN
NNS
case
to
to
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
its
its
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Plur
side
sides
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
parataxis
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
realize
realized
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT That)) (PRN (, ,) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBZ notes))) (, ,)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB make) (S (NP (NP (DT a) (NN block)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN stone)))) (`` ``) (ADJP (ADJP (NP (DT a) (NN lot)) (JJR easier) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB roll)))))) (PP (IN than) (NP (DT a) (NN square))))))) ('' '') (. .)))
That, he notes, should make a block of stone "a lot easier to roll than a square".
nsubj
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
that
That
PRON
DT
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
parataxis
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
note
notes
VERB
VBZ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
aux
VerbForm=Fin
should
should
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
make
make
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
block
block
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
stone
stone
NOUN
NN
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl:npmod
Number=Sing
lot
lot
NOUN
NN
amod
Degree=Cmp
easy
easier
ADJ
JJR
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
roll
roll
VERB
VB
case
than
than
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
square
square
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (RB So) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD tried) (NP (PRP it))) (. .)))
So he tried it.
advmod
so
So
ADV
RB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
try
tried
VERB
VBD
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (PRP He)) (CC and) (NP (PRP$ his) (NNS students))) (VP (VBD tied) (NP (DT some) (NNS poles)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT each)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (CD four) (NNS sides)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ 30-kilogram) (NN stone) (NN block)))))))) (. .)))
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
He
PRON
PRP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
his
his
PRON
PRP$
conj
Number=Plur
student
students
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
tie
tied
VERB
VBD
det
some
some
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
pole
poles
NOUN
NNS
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
each
each
DET
DT
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
four
four
NUM
CD
nmod
Number=Plur
side
sides
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
30-kilogram
30-kilogram
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
stone
stone
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
block
block
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT That) (NN action)) (VP (VBD turned) (NP (DT the) (NN block)) (PP (IN into) (NP (RB somewhat) (DT a) (NN wheel)))) (. .)))
That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
that
That
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
action
action
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
turn
turned
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
block
block
NOUN
NN
case
into
into
ADP
IN
advmod
somewhat
somewhat
ADV
RB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
wheel
wheel
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Then)) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD placed) (NP (DT the) (NN block)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN ground)))) (. .)))
Then they placed the block on the ground.
advmod
PronType=Dem
then
Then
ADV
RB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
place
placed
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
block
block
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
ground
ground
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VP (VBD wrapped) (NP (NP (CD one) (NN end)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN rope)))) (PP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NN block)))) (CC and) (VP (VBD pulled))) (. .)))
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
wrap
wrapped
VERB
VBD
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
obj
Number=Sing
end
end
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
rope
rope
NOUN
NN
case
around
around
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
block
block
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
pull
pulled
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS researchers)) (VP (VBD found) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD could) (ADVP (RB easily)) (VP (VB roll) (NP (DT the) (NN block)) (PP (IN along) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS kinds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS paths)))))))))) (. .)))
The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
researchers
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
advmod
easily
easily
ADV
RB
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
roll
roll
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
block
block
NOUN
NN
case
along
along
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
different
different
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
kind
kinds
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
path
paths
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD calculated) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (VP (VBG rolling) (NP (DT the) (NN block)))) (VP (VBD required) (NP (NP (ADJP (RB about) (RB as) (JJ much)) (NN force)) (PP (IN as) (S (VP (VBG moving) (NP (PRP it)) (PP (IN along) (NP (DT a) (JJ slippery) (NN path))))))))))) (. .)))
They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery path.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
calculate
calculated
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
csubj
VerbForm=Ger
roll
rolling
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
block
block
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
require
required
VERB
VBD
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
advmod
as
as
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
much
much
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
force
force
NOUN
NN
mark
as
as
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
move
moving
VERB
VBG
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
case
along
along
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
slippery
slippery
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
path
path
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NNP West)) (VP (VBZ has) (RB n't) (VP (VBN tested) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN idea)) (PP (IN on) (NP (JJR larger) (NNS blocks)))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBZ thinks) (SBAR (S (NP (NN rolling)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (JJ clear) (NNS advantages)) (PP (IN over) (NP (VBG sliding)))))))) (. .)))
West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.
nsubj
Number=Sing
West
West
PROPN
NNP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
advmod
not
n't
PART
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
test
tested
VERB
VBN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
his
his
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Sing
idea
idea
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Cmp
large
larger
ADJ
JJR
obl
Number=Plur
block
blocks
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
but
but
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
think
thinks
VERB
VBZ
nsubj
Number=Sing
roll
rolling
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
VERB
VBZ
amod
Degree=Pos
clear
clear
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
advantage
advantages
NOUN
NNS
mark
over
over
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
slide
sliding
VERB
VBG
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (IN At) (JJS least)) (, ,) (NP (NNS workers)) (VP (MD would) (RB n't) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN needed) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB carry) (NP (NN cattle) (NN fat) (CC or) (NN water)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB smooth) (NP (DT the) (NNS paths))))))))))) (. .)))
At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
advmod
ExtPos=ADV
at
At
ADP
IN
fixed
Degree=Sup
least
least
ADJ
JJS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
worker
workers
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
advmod
not
n't
PART
RB
aux
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
AUX
VB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
need
needed
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
carry
carry
VERB
VB
compound
Number=Sing
cattle
cattle
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
fat
fat
NOUN
NN
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
water
water
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
smooth
smooth
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
path
paths
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock'n'roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.  "Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible," physicist Daniel Bonn said.  People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there's no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.  The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect wokers first would have put the blocks on sleds. Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.  Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.  However, physicist Joseph West think there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, "I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, "Why don't they just try rolling the things? " A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone "a lot easier to roll than a square".  So he tried it.  He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.  They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery path.  West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.