(ROOT (S (NP (NN Silk) (NN production)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (DT a) (ADJP (JJ long) (CC and) (JJ colourful)) (NN history)) (ADJP (JJ unknown) (PP (IN to) (NP (JJS most) (NNS people)))))) (. .)))
Silk production has a long and colourful history unknown to most people.
compound
Number=Sing
silk
Silk
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
production
production
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
VERB
VBZ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
long
long
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
colourful
colourful
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
history
history
NOUN
NN
amod
Degree=Pos
unknown
unknown
ADJ
JJ
case
to
to
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADJ
JJS
obl
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Scientific) (NNS discoveries)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN shown) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN silk) (NN production)) (VP (VBD existed) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP China))) (PP (IN from) (NP (QP (RB around) (CD 2500)) (NNP B.C.))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN although) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (RB much) (JJR older))))))))))) (. .)))
Scientific discoveries have shown that silk production existed in China from around 2500 B.C., although it could be much older.
amod
Degree=Pos
Scientific
Scientific
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
discovery
discoveries
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
show
shown
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
compound
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
production
production
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
exist
existed
VERB
VBD
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
case
from
from
ADP
IN
advmod
around
around
ADV
RB
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2500
2500
NUM
CD
nmod:npmod
Number=Sing
B.C.
B.C.
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
although
although
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
advmod
much
much
ADV
RB
advcl
Degree=Cmp
old
older
ADJ
JJR
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN For) (NP (NP (NNS hundreds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS years))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP China)) (VP (VBD kept) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN secret)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN silk)))) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP itself))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADVP (RBS most) (RB closely) (VBN protected)) (NNS secrets)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN history)))))))) (. .)))
For hundreds of years, China kept the secret of silk to itself as one for the most closely protected secrets in history.
case
for
For
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
hundred
hundreds
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
keep
kept
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
secret
secret
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes
itself
itself
PRON
PRP
case
as
as
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
advmod
closely
closely
ADV
RB
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
protect
protected
VERB
VBN
nmod
Number=Plur
secret
secrets
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
history
history
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NN Anyone)) (VP (VP (VBG revealing) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN secret)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS silkworms))))) (CC or) (VP (VBG trying) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB take) (NP (NN silkworm) (NNS eggs)) (PP (IN out) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ ancient) (NNP China)))))))))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN punished) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN death))))) (. .)))
Anyone revealing the secret of silkworms or trying to take silkworm eggs out of ancient China was punished by death.
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing|PronType=Ind
anyone
Anyone
PRON
NN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
reveal
revealing
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
secret
secret
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
silkworm
silkworms
NOUN
NNS
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Ger
try
trying
VERB
VBG
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
take
take
VERB
VB
compound
Number=Sing
silkworm
silkworm
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
egg
eggs
NOUN
NNS
case
out
out
ADP
IN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
ancient
ancient
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
punish
punished
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
death
death
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN At) (NP (CD one) (NN time))) (NP (NN silk)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN reserved) (PP (ADVP (RB only)) (IN for) (NP (DT the) (JJ Chinese) (NN emperor))))) (. .)))
At one time silk was reserved only for the Chinese emperor.
case
at
At
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
reserve
reserved
VERB
VBN
advmod
only
only
ADV
RB
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
emperor
emperor
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Gradually)) (, ,) (NP (NNS others)) (VP (VBD began) (S (VP (VBG wearing) (NP (NN silk))))) (. .)))
Gradually, others began wearing silk.
advmod
gradually
Gradually
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
other
others
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
begin
began
VERB
VBD
xcomp
VerbForm=Ger
wear
wearing
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (NN addition)) (PP (IN to) (S (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN used) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN clothing))))))))) (, ,) (NP (NN silk)) (VP (VBD came) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB have) (NP (NP (NP (JJ industrial) (NNS uses)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ ancient) (NNP China)))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN something)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD happened) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP West))) (PP (ADVP (RB only)) (IN in) (NP (JJ modern) (NNS times)))))))))))) (. .)))
In addition to being used for clothing, silk came to have industrial uses in ancient China, something that happened in the West only in modern times.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
addition
addition
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
SCONJ
IN
aux:pass
VerbForm=Ger
be
being
AUX
VBG
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
use
used
VERB
VBN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
clothing
clothing
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
come
came
VERB
VBD
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
industrial
industrial
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
use
uses
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
ancient
ancient
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
appos
Number=Sing|PronType=Ind
something
something
PRON
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
happen
happened
VERB
VBD
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
West
West
PROPN
NNP
advmod
only
only
ADV
RB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
modern
modern
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
time
times
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Silk)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (NP (JJ musical) (NNS instruments)) (, ,) (NP (NN fishing) (NNS lines)) (, ,) (NP (NNS weapons)) (, ,) (NP (NNS ropes)) (CC and) (NP (RB even) (NN paper)))))))) (. .)))
Silk was used to make musical instruments, fishing lines, weapons, ropes and even paper.
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
Silk
Silk
PROPN
NNP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
use
used
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
make
make
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
musical
musical
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
instrument
instruments
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
compound
Number=Sing
fishing
fishing
NOUN
NN
conj
Number=Plur
line
lines
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Plur
weapon
weapons
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Plur
rope
ropes
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
even
even
ADV
RB
conj
Number=Sing
paper
paper
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (SINV (PP (IN During) (NP (DT the) (NML (NNP Han) (NNP Dynasty)) (NN silk))) (VP (VBD became)) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN form)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN money)))) (. .)))
During the Han Dynasty silk became a form of money.
case
during
During
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Han
Han
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
dynasty
Dynasty
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
become
became
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
xcomp
Number=Sing
form
form
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
money
money
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Farmers)) (VP (VBD paid) (NP (NNS taxes)) (PP (IN in) (NP (CC both) (NN rice) (CC and) (NN silk)))) (. .)))
Farmers paid taxes in both rice and silk.
nsubj
Number=Plur
farmer
Farmers
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
pay
paid
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Plur
tax
taxes
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
cc:preconj
both
both
CCONJ
CC
obl
Number=Sing
rice
rice
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS prices)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS goods)))) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN calculated) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNS lengths)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN silk))))) (SBAR (ADVP (RB just)) (IN as) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD had) (ADVP (RB once)) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN calculated) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN gold)))))))))) (. .)))
The prices of goods were calculated in lengths of silk just as they had once been calculated in gold.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
price
prices
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
goods
goods
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
calculate
calculated
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
length
lengths
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
advmod
just
just
ADV
RB
mark
as
as
SCONJ
IN
nsubj:pass
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
AUX
VBD
advmod
NumType=Mult
once
once
ADV
RB
aux:pass
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
be
been
AUX
VBN
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
calculate
calculated
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
gold
gold
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN importance)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN silk)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB even)) (VP (VBN reflected) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ Chinese) (NN language))))) (. .)))
The importance of silk is even reflected in the Chinese language.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
importance
importance
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
advmod
even
even
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
reflect
reflected
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
language
language
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (CD 5000) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ common)) (JJ Chinese) (NNS characters))) (, ,) (NP (QP (RB around) (CD 500))) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NN silk)) (PP (IN as) (NP (PRP$ their) (`` ``) (NN key) ('' '')))) (. .)))
For example, of the 5000 most common Chinese characters, around 500 have silk as their "key".
case
for
For
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
example
example
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
5000
5000
NUM
CD
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
amod
Degree=Pos
common
common
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
character
characters
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
around
around
ADV
RB
nsubj
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
500
500
NUM
CD
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
VERB
VBP
obj
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
case
as
as
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
obl
Number=Sing
key
key
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (NN spite)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN secrecy))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNPS Chinese)) (ADVP (RB eventually)) (VP (VBD lost) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN monopoly)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN silk) (NN production)))) (. .)))
In spite of their secrecy, the Chinese eventually lost their monopoly on silk production.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
spite
spite
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Number=Sing
secrecy
secrecy
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
Chinese
Chinese
PROPN
NNPS
advmod
eventually
eventually
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
lose
lost
VERB
VBD
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Sing
monopoly
monopoly
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
production
production
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD reached) (NP (NNP Korea)) (PP (IN in) (NP (QP (RB around) (CD 200)) (NN B.C)))) (. .)))
It reached Korea in around 200 B.C.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
reach
reached
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Sing
Korea
Korea
PROPN
NNP
case
in
in
ADP
IN
advmod
around
around
ADV
RB
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
200
200
NUM
CD
nmod:npmod
Number=Sing
b.c
B.C
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NP (NNS immigrants)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP China)))) (VP (VBD arrived) (ADVP (RB there)))) (. .)))
when immigrants from China arrived there.
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Number=Plur
immigrant
immigrants
NOUN
NNS
case
from
from
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
arrive
arrived
VERB
VBD
advmod
PronType=Dem
there
there
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NN Silk) (NN production)) (VP (VBD came) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP India))) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 300) (NN A.D..))))))
Silk production came to India in 300 A.D..
compound
Number=Sing
silk
Silk
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
production
production
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
come
came
VERB
VBD
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
India
India
PROPN
NNP
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
300
300
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Sing
a.d..
A.D..
NOUN
NN
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD was) (RB not) (PP (IN until) (NP (CD 500) (NN A.D.))) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN silk) (NN production)) (VP (VBD came) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Europe))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS travellers)) (VP (VBD smuggled) (PRT (RP out)) (NP (NNS silkworms)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (JJ hollow) (NNS tubes)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN bamboo)))))))))))) (. .)))
It was not until 500 A.D. that silk production came to Europe when travellers smuggled out silkworms in hollow tubes of bamboo.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
case
until
until
ADP
IN
root
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
500
500
NUM
CD
nmod:tmod
Number=Sing
a.d.
A.D.
NOUN
NN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
compound
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
production
production
NOUN
NN
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
come
came
VERB
VBD
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
Europe
Europe
PROPN
NNP
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Number=Plur
traveller
travellers
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
smuggle
smuggled
VERB
VBD
compound:prt
out
out
ADP
RP
obj
Number=Plur
silkworm
silkworms
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
hollow
hollow
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
tube
tubes
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
bamboo
bamboo
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT These)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB establish) (NP (NN silk) (NN industry)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP Rome)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ modern-day) (NNP Italy)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN although) (S (NP (JJ Chinese) (NN silk)) (VP (VBD was) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VBN considered) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (NP (DT the) (JJS best))))))))))) (. .)))
These were used to establish silk industry in Rome (modern-day Italy), although Chinese silk was still considered to be the best.
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
this
These
PRON
DT
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
use
used
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
establish
establish
VERB
VB
compound
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
industry
industry
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
Rome
Rome
PROPN
NNP
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
amod
Degree=Pos
modern-day
modern-day
ADJ
JJ
appos
Number=Sing
Italy
Italy
PROPN
NNP
punct
)
)
PUNCT
-RRB-
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
although
although
SCONJ
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
silk
silk
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
advmod
still
still
ADV
RB
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
consider
considered
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
xcomp
Degree=Sup
good
best
ADJ
JJS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Silk)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN brought) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Rome))) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP China))) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NNS means)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Silk) (NNP Road))))))) (. .)))
Silk was brought to Rome from China by means of the Silk Road.
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
Silk
Silk
PROPN
NNP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
bring
brought
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
Rome
Rome
PROPN
NNP
case
from
from
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
case
by
by
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
means
means
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Silk
Silk
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
Road
Road
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB actually)) (NP (NP (CD two) (NNP Silk) (NNPS Roads)) (, ,) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN over) (NP (NN land)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN sea)))))) (. .)))
There were actually two Silk Roads, one over land and one on the sea.
expl
there
There
PRON
EX
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
VERB
VBD
advmod
actually
actually
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
compound
Number=Sing
Silk
Silk
PROPN
NNP
nsubj
Number=Plur
Roads
Roads
PROPN
NNPS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
appos
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
case
over
over
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
land
land
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
sea
sea
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN land) (NN route)) (PP (IN in) (ADJP (JJ particular)))) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ huge) (NN effect)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN history))))) (. .)))
The land route in particular had a huge effect in history.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
land
land
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
route
route
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Degree=Pos
particular
particular
ADJ
JJ
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
huge
huge
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
history
history
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NP (DT All) (NNS sorts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN trade) (NNS goods)))) (, --) (NP (NN silver) (, ,) (NN gold) (, ,) (NN jade) (, ,) (NN porcelain)) (, --)) (VP (VBD passed) (PP (IN along) (NP (DT this) (NN road)))) (. .)))
All sorts of trade goods--silver, gold, jade, porcelain--passed along this road.
det
all
All
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
sort
sorts
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
trade
trade
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
goods
goods
NOUN
NNS
punct
--
--
PUNCT
,
appos
Number=Sing
silver
silver
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
gold
gold
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
jade
jade
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
porcelain
porcelain
NOUN
NN
punct
--
--
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
pass
passed
VERB
VBD
case
along
along
ADP
IN
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
road
road
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Ideas)) (VP (VBD travelled) (NP (DT the) (NNP Silk) (NNP Road)) (ADVP (RB too))) (. .)))
Ideas travelled the Silk Road too.
nsubj
Number=Plur
idea
Ideas
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
travel
travelled
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Silk
Silk
PROPN
NNP
obj
Number=Sing
Road
Road
PROPN
NNP
advmod
too
too
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN religion)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Buddhism)))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN carried) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP China))) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP India))) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NNS traders)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NNP Silk) (NNP Road))))))) (. .)))
For example the religion of Buddhism was carried to China from India by traders on the Silk Road.
case
for
For
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
example
example
NOUN
NN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
religion
religion
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Buddhism
Buddhism
PROPN
NNP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
carry
carried
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
China
China
PROPN
NNP
case
from
from
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
India
India
PROPN
NNP
case
by
by
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
trader
traders
NOUN
NNS
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Silk
Silk
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
Road
Road
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNP Silk) (NNP Road)) (VP (VBD created) (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (JJ international) (NN culture)) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG exposing) (NP (JJ many) (NNS people)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS ideas) (CC and) (NNS treasures)) (PP (IN of) (NP (CC both) (ADJP (JJ Western) (CC and) (JJ Chinese)) (NNS cultures)))))))) (. .)))
The Silk Road created the first international culture, exposing many people to the ideas and treasures of both Western and Chinese cultures.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Silk
Silk
PROPN
NNP
nsubj
Number=Sing
Road
Road
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
create
created
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
international
international
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
culture
culture
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
expose
exposing
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
many
many
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Plur
idea
ideas
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
treasure
treasures
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
cc:preconj
both
both
CCONJ
CC
amod
Degree=Pos
western
Western
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
culture
cultures
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
Silk production has a long and colourful history unknown to most people. Scientific discoveries have shown that silk production existed in China from around 2500 B.C., although it could be much older. For hundreds of years, China kept the secret of silk to itself as one for the most closely protected secrets in history. Anyone revealing the secret of silkworms or trying to take silkworm eggs out of ancient China was punished by death.  At one time silk was reserved only for the Chinese emperor. Gradually, others began wearing silk. In addition to being used for clothing, silk came to have industrial uses in ancient China, something that happened in the West only in modern times. Silk was used to make musical instruments, fishing lines, weapons, ropes and even paper. During the Han Dynasty silk became a form of money. Farmers paid taxes in both rice and silk. The prices of goods were calculated in lengths of silk just as they had once been calculated in gold. The importance of silk is even reflected in the Chinese language. For example, of the 5000 most common Chinese characters, around 500 have silk as their "key".  In spite of their secrecy, the Chinese eventually lost their monopoly on silk production. It reached Korea in around 200 B.C. when immigrants from China arrived there. Silk production came to India in 300 A.D.. It was not until 500 A.D. that silk production came to Europe when travellers smuggled out silkworms in hollow tubes of bamboo. These were used to establish silk industry in Rome (modern-day Italy), although Chinese silk was still considered to be the best.  Silk was brought to Rome from China by means of the Silk Road. There were actually two Silk Roads, one over land and one on the sea. The land route in particular had a huge effect in history. All sorts of trade goods--silver, gold, jade, porcelain--passed along this road. Ideas travelled the Silk Road too. For example the religion of Buddhism was carried to China from India by traders on the Silk Road. The Silk Road created the first international culture, exposing many people to the ideas and treasures of both Western and Chinese cultures.