(ROOT (S (NP (NN Culture)) (VP (VBZ helps) (S (NP (JJ human) (NNS societies)) (VP (VB survive) (PP (IN in) (NP (VBG changing) (JJ natural) (NN environment)))))) (. .)))
Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environment.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Culture
Culture
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
help
helps
VERB
VBZ
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
society
societies
NOUN
NNS
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
survive
survive
VERB
VB
case
in
in
SCONJ
IN
amod
VerbForm=Ger
change
changing
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
natural
natural
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
environment
environment
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN end)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ last) (NNP Ice) (NNP Age)) (, ,) (VP (VBG beginning) (ADVP (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 15,000)) (NNS years)) (RB ago))) (, ,)))) (VP (VBD brought) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ big) (NN challenge)) (SBAR (WHPP (IN to) (WHNP (WDT which))) (S (NP (NNS humans)) (VP (VBD had) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB adapt))))))))) (. .)))
For example, the end of the last Ice Age, beginning about 15,000 years ago, brought a big challenge to which humans had to adapt.
case
for
For
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
example
example
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
end
end
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
last
last
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
Ice
Ice
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
Age
Age
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
acl
VerbForm=Ger
begin
beginning
VERB
VBG
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
15000
15,000
NUM
CD
obl:tmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
advmod
ago
ago
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
bring
brought
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
big
big
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
challenge
challenge
NOUN
NN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
nsubj
Number=Plur
human
humans
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
VERB
VBD
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
adapt
adapt
VERB
VB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN Before) (NP (DT this) (NN time))) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJ large) (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ northern) (NN hemisphere)))) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN covered) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NP (JJ great) (NNS sheets)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN ice)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD contained) (NP (NP (JJ much)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN earth) ('' ')) (POS s) (NN water))))))))))) (. .)))
Before this time, large parts of the northern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earth' s water.
case
before
Before
ADP
IN
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
large
large
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
part
parts
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
northern
northern
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
hemisphere
hemisphere
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
cover
covered
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
great
great
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
sheet
sheets
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
ice
ice
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
contain
contained
VERB
VBD
obj
Degree=Pos
much
much
ADJ
JJ
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
earth
earth
NOUN
NN
punct
'
'
PUNCT
''
case
Typo=Yes
's
s
PART
POS
nmod
Number=Sing
water
water
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNP North) (NNP America))) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJ large) (NNS animals)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD wandered) (NP (DT the) (JJ vast) (NN tundra)))))) (VP (VBD provided) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN food) (CC and) (NNS materials))) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NN clothing)) (CC and) (NP (JJ simple) (NNS shelters)))))) (. .)))
In North America, large animals that wandered the vast tundra provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
North
North
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
America
America
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
large
large
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
animal
animals
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
wander
wandered
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
vast
vast
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
tundra
tundra
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
provide
provided
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
case
with
with
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
food
food
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
material
materials
NOUN
NNS
case
for
for
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
clothing
clothing
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
amod
Degree=Pos
simple
simple
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
shelter
shelters
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (DT the) (NN earth)) (VP (VBD became) (ADJP (JJ warm))))) (, ,) (S (NP (JJ large) (NML (NNP Ice) (NNP Age)) (NNS animals)) (VP (VBD disappeared))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (JJ many) (NN land) (NNS areas)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN covered) (PP (IN by) (NP (VBG rising) (NN sea) (NNS levels))) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG melting) (NP (NN ice)))))))) (. .)))
When the earth became warm, large Ice Age animals disappeared, and many land areas were covered by rising sea levels from melting ice.
advmod
PronType=Int
when
When
ADV
WRB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
earth
earth
NOUN
NN
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
become
became
VERB
VBD
xcomp
Degree=Pos
warm
warm
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
large
large
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
Ice
Ice
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Age
Age
PROPN
NNP
nsubj
Number=Plur
animal
animals
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
disappear
disappeared
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
amod
Degree=Pos
many
many
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
land
land
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
area
areas
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
cover
covered
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
amod
VerbForm=Ger
rise
rising
VERB
VBG
compound
Number=Sing
sea
sea
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Plur
level
levels
NOUN
NNS
mark
from
from
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
melt
melting
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Sing
ice
ice
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (CC But) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD survived))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VP (VBD developed) (NP (JJ new) (NNS technologies))) (CC and) (VP (VBD learned) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive) (PP (IN on) (NP (JJ new) (NML (NN plant) (CC and) (NN animal)) (NNS species))))))))) (. .)))
But people survived, they developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species.
cc
but
But
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
survive
survived
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
parataxis
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
develop
developed
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
technology
technologies
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
learn
learned
VERB
VBD
obj
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
survive
survive
VERB
VB
case
on
on
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
plant
plant
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
animal
animal
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Plur
species
species
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Finally)) (NP (DT some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBD settled) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (JJ permanent) (NNS villages)) (, ,) (NP (JJ durable) (NNS houses)) (CC and) (NP (NNS farms))))) (. .)))
Finally some people settled into permanent villages, durable houses and farms.
advmod
finally
Finally
ADV
RB
det
some
some
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
settle
settled
VERB
VBD
case
into
into
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
permanent
permanent
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
village
villages
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
durable
durable
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
house
houses
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
farm
farms
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Cultural) (NN adaptation)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN made) (S (NP (NNS humans)) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ successful)) (NNS species)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN planet))))))))) (. .)))
Cultural adaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on the planet.
amod
Degree=Pos
cultural
Cultural
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
adaptation
adaptation
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
make
made
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Plur
human
humans
NOUN
NNS
xcomp
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
amod
Degree=Pos
successful
successful
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
species
species
NOUN
NNS
case
on
on
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
planet
planet
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN Through) (NP (NN history))) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJ major) (NNS developments)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN technology) (, ,) (NN medicine) (, ,) (CC and) (NN nutrition)))) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN allowed) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB reproduce)) (CC and) (VP (VB survive) (PP (IN in)) (NP (VBG ever-increasing) (NNS numbers)))))))) (. .)))
Through history, major developments in technology, medicine, and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever-increasing numbers.
case
through
Through
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
history
history
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
major
major
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
development
developments
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
technology
technology
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
medicine
medicine
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
nutrition
nutrition
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
allow
allowed
VERB
VBN
iobj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
reproduce
reproduce
VERB
VB
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Inf
survive
survive
VERB
VB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
VerbForm=Ger
ever-increaseaseaseaseaseaseaseaseasing
ever-increasing
VERB
VBG
obl
Number=Plur
number
numbers
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (JJ global) (NN population)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN risen) (PP (IN from) (NP (QP (CD 8) (CD million))) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT the) (NNP Ice) (NNP Age)))) (PP (IN to) (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 6) (CD billion))) (NP (NN today))))) (. .)))
The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billion today.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
global
global
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
population
population
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
rise
risen
VERB
VBN
case
from
from
ADP
IN
compound
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
8
8
NUM
CD
obl
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
million
million
NUM
CD
case
during
during
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Ice
Ice
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
Age
Age
PROPN
NNP
case
to
to
ADP
IN
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
compound
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
6
6
NUM
CD
obl
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
billion
billion
NUM
CD
obl:tmod
Number=Sing
today
today
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB However)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS successes)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN culture) (NN adaptation)))) (VP (MD can) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VB create) (NP (NNS problems)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ long) (NN run))))) (. .)))
However, the successes of culture adaptation can also create problems in the long run.
advmod
however
However
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
success
successes
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
culture
culture
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
adaptation
adaptation
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
advmod
also
also
ADV
RB
root
VerbForm=Inf
create
create
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Plur
problem
problems
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
long
long
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
run
run
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN Over) (NP (DT the) (JJ last) (CD 200) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN begun) (S (VP (VP (TO to) (VP (VB use) (NP (NP (JJ large) (NNS quantities)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ natural) (NNS resources) (CC and) (NN energy)))))) (CC and) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB produce) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ great) (NN amount)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN material)) (CC and) (NP (JJ chemical) (NNS wastes))))))))))) (. .)))
Over the last 200 years, people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energy and to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes.
case
over
Over
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
last
last
ADJ
JJ
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
200
200
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
begin
begun
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
use
use
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
large
large
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
quantity
quantities
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
natural
natural
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
resource
resources
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
energy
energy
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
mark
to
to
PART
TO
conj
VerbForm=Inf
produce
produce
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
great
great
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
amount
amount
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
material
material
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
amod
Degree=Pos
chemical
chemical
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
waste
wastes
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (JJ global) (NN population)) (ADVP (RB now)) (VP (VBZ consumes) (NP (NP (DT some) (JJ important) (JJ natural) (NNS resources)) (, --) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NN petroleum) (, ,) (NN wood) (, ,) (CC and) (NNS minerals))) (, --)) (ADVP (ADVP (JJR faster)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NN nature)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB produce) (NP (PRP them))))) (. .)))
The global population now consumes some important natural resources--such as petroleum, wood, and minerals--faster than nature can produce them.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
global
global
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
population
population
NOUN
NN
advmod
now
now
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
consume
consumes
VERB
VBZ
det
some
some
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
important
important
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
natural
natural
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
resource
resources
NOUN
NNS
punct
--
--
PUNCT
,
case
Degree=Pos
such
such
ADJ
JJ
fixed
as
as
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
petroleum
petroleum
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
wood
wood
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
mineral
minerals
NOUN
NNS
punct
--
--
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Degree=Cmp
fast
faster
ADJ
JJR
case
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
nature
nature
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
parataxis
VerbForm=Inf
produce
produce
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN process)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VP (VBG burning) (NP (NNS fuels))) (CC and) (VP (VBG producing) (NP (NNS wastes)))))))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBG changing) (NP (DT the) (JJ global) (NN climate)) (PP (IN in) (NP (ADJP (JJ unpredictable) (CC and) (RB possibly) (JJ harmful)) (NNS ways))))))))) (. .)))
Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes, people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways.
amod
Degree=Pos
many
Many
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
believe
believe
VERB
VBP
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
process
process
NOUN
NN
mark
of
of
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
burn
burning
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
fuel
fuels
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Ger
produce
producing
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
waste
wastes
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
aux
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
ccomp
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
change
changing
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
global
global
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
climate
climate
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
unpredictable
unpredictable
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
possibly
possibly
ADV
RB
conj
Degree=Pos
harmful
harmful
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
way
ways
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Thus)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ adaptive) (NN success)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ present-day) (JJ global) (NN culture)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN production) (CC and) (NN trade)))))) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ temporary)))) (. .)))
Thus, the adaptive success of the present-day global culture of production and trade may be temporary.
advmod
thus
Thus
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
adaptive
adaptive
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
success
success
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
present-day
present-day
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
global
global
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
culture
culture
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
production
production
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
trade
trade
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
root
Degree=Pos
temporary
temporary
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environment. For example, the end of the last Ice Age, beginning about 15,000 years ago, brought a big challenge to which humans had to adapt. Before this time, large parts of the northern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earth' s water. In North America, large animals that wandered the vast tundra provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters. When the earth became warm, large Ice Age animals disappeared, and many land areas were covered by rising sea levels from melting ice. But people survived, they developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species. Finally some people settled into permanent villages, durable houses and farms.  Cultural adaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on the planet. Through history, major developments in technology, medicine, and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever-increasing numbers. The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billion today.  However, the successes of culture adaptation can also create problems in the long run. Over the last 200 years, people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energy and to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes. The global population now consumes some important natural resources--such as petroleum, wood, and minerals--faster than nature can produce them. Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes, people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways. Thus, the adaptive success of the present-day global culture of production and trade may be temporary.