(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN sound)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN mosquito)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB mean) (NP (NN trouble)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (JJ many) (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN world))))))) (. .)))
The sound of a mosquito can mean trouble in many parts of the world.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
sound
sound
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
mosquito
mosquito
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
mean
mean
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Sing
trouble
trouble
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
many
many
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
part
parts
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
world
world
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN bite)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN mosquito)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ deadly)))) (. .)))
The bite of the mosquito can be deadly.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
bite
bite
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
mosquito
mosquito
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
root
Degree=Pos
deadly
deadly
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS insects)) (VP (VBP carry) (NP (NP (JJ serious) (NNS diseases)) (PP (IN like) (NP (NN malaria))))) (. .)))
The insects carry serious diseases like malaria.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
insect
insects
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
carry
carry
VERB
VBP
amod
Degree=Pos
serious
serious
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
disease
diseases
NOUN
NNS
case
like
like
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
malaria
malaria
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN estimated) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (QP (RB almost) (CD 630,000)) (NNS people)) (VP (VBD died) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NN malaria)) (CC and) (NP (JJ malariarelated) (NNS causes)))) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 2012))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (JJS most)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these) (NNS cases)))) (VP (VBD were) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ African) (NNS countries))))) (. .)))
It is estimated that almost 630,000 people died from malaria and malariarelated causes in 2012, and most of these cases were in African countries.
expl
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
estimate
estimated
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
advmod
almost
almost
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
630000
630,000
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
csubj:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
die
died
VERB
VBD
case
from
from
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
malaria
malaria
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
amod
Degree=Pos
malariarelated
malariarelated
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
cause
causes
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2012
2012
NUM
CD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADJ
JJS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
this
these
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
case
cases
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
African
African
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Plur
country
countries
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NNP United) (NNPS States))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN group)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP California) (NNS scientists)))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBG working) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB develop) (NP (NP (DT a) (ADJP (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ effective)) (CC and) (ADJP (RBR less) (JJ costly))) (NN substance)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB protect) (NP (NNS people)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS mosquitoes))))))))))))) (. .)))
In the United States, a group of California scientists are working to develop a more effective and less costly substance to protect people from mosquitoes.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
United
United
ADJ
NNP
obl
Number=Plur
State
States
PROPN
NNPS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
group
group
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
California
California
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
work
working
VERB
VBG
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
develop
develop
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
amod
Degree=Pos
effective
effective
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
Degree=Cmp
less
less
ADV
RBR
conj
Degree=Pos
costly
costly
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
substance
substance
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
protect
protect
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
case
from
from
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
mosquity
mosquitoes
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS researchers)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBG investigating) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN sense)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN smell))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS mosquitoes)))))) (. .)))
The researchers are investigating the sense of smell in mosquitoes.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
researchers
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
investigate
investigating
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
sense
sense
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
smell
smell
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
mosquity
mosquitoes
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD found) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (NNS insects)) (VP (VB use) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN receptor)) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG identifying) (NP (NN carbon) (NN dioxide)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ human) (NN breath))) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP do) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN smell)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ our) (NN skin)))))))))))))))) (. .)))
They found the insects use the same receptor for identifying carbon dioxide in human breath as they do for the smell of our skin.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
insect
insects
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
use
use
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
same
same
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
receptor
receptor
NOUN
NN
mark
for
for
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
identify
identifying
VERB
VBG
compound
Number=Sing
carbon
carbon
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
dioxide
dioxide
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
breath
breath
NOUN
NN
mark
as
as
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
do
do
VERB
VBP
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
smell
smell
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
our
our
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Number=Sing
skin
skin
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Anandasankar) (NNP Ray)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG leading) (NP (DT the) (NN investigation)))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBD tested) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (DT a) (CD million)) (JJ chemical) (NNS compounds)) (SBAR (IN until) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD found) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN substance)) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NNP Ethyl) (NNP Pyruvate)))))))))))) (. .)))
Anandasankar Ray, who is leading the investigation, says scientists tested more than a million chemical compounds until they found a substance called Ethyl Pyruvate.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Anandasankar
Anandasankar
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Ray
Ray
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
acl:relcl
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
lead
leading
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
investigation
investigation
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
nsubj
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
test
tested
VERB
VBD
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
million
million
NUM
CD
amod
Degree=Pos
chemical
chemical
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
compound
compounds
NOUN
NNS
mark
until
until
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
substance
substance
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
call
called
VERB
VBN
compound
Number=Sing
Ethyl
Ethyl
PROPN
NNP
xcomp
Number=Sing
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (S (NP (NNP Ethyl) (NNP Pyruvate)) (VP (VBZ makes) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS mosquitoes) (POS ')) (NNS receptors)) (ADJP (JJ inactive))))))) (. .)))
He says Ethyl Pyruvate makes the mosquitoes' receptors inactive.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
He
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
nsubj
Number=Sing
Ethyl
Ethyl
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
PROPN
NNP
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
make
makes
VERB
VBZ
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
mosquity
mosquitoes
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
obj
Number=Plur
receptor
receptors
NOUN
NNS
xcomp
Degree=Pos
inactive
inactive
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (SINV (`` ``) (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VP (VBP apply) (NP (NNP Ethyl) (NNP Pyruvate)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT a) (JJ human) (NN arm)))) (CC and) (VP (VBP offer) (NP (PRP it)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (JJ hungry) (NNS mosquitoes)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (NN cage))))))))) (, ,) (NP (ADJP (RB very) (JJ few)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS mosquitoes)))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN attracted) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (JJ human) (NN arm))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NP (RB only) (DT a) (JJ few)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP them)))) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB smell) (NP (PRP it)) (PRT (RP out)))))))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (VP (VBD said)) (NP (NNP Ray)) (. .)))
"When we apply Ethyl Pyruvate to a human arm and offer it to hungry mosquitoes in a cage, very few of the mosquitoes are attracted to the human arm because only a few of them are able to smell it out," said Ray.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
advmod
PronType=Int
when
When
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
apply
apply
VERB
VBP
compound
Number=Sing
Ethyl
Ethyl
PROPN
NNP
obj
Number=Sing
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
PROPN
NNP
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
arm
arm
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
offer
offer
VERB
VBP
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
case
to
to
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
hungry
hungry
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
mosquity
mosquitoes
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
cage
cage
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
very
very
ADV
RB
nsubj:pass
Degree=Pos
few
few
ADJ
JJ
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
mosquity
mosquitoes
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
attract
attracted
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
arm
arm
NOUN
NN
mark
because
because
SCONJ
IN
advmod
only
only
ADV
RB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nsubj
Degree=Pos
few
few
ADJ
JJ
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advcl
Degree=Pos
able
able
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
smell
smell
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
compound:prt
out
out
ADP
RP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
nsubj
Number=Sing
Ray
Ray
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Genevieve) (NNP Tauxe)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN member)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN research) (NN team)))) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBD was) (RB not) (ADJP (JJ easy)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS neurons)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ noble) (NNS cells)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP recognize) (NP (CC both) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN smell)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ human) (NN breath)) (CC and) (NP (NN skin))))))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Genevieve Tauxe, a member of the research team, says it was not easy to find the neurons of noble cells that recognize both the smell of human breath and skin.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Genevieve
Genevieve
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Tauxe
Tauxe
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
appos
Number=Sing
member
member
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
research
research
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
team
team
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
expl
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
ccomp
Degree=Pos
easy
easy
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
csubj
VerbForm=Inf
find
find
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
neuron
neurons
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
noble
noble
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
cell
cells
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
recognize
recognize
VERB
VBP
cc:preconj
both
both
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
smell
smell
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
breath
breath
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
skin
skin
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (SINV (`` ``) (S (SBAR (IN With) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN device)) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB examine) (NP (DT the) (NN mosquito)))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB insert) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ small)) (NN electrode)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN mosquito) (POS 's)) (NN nose)) (, ,) (SBAR (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (PRP$ its) (NN smelling) (NNS neurons)) (VP (VBP are)))) (CC and) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (DT the) (NN smell)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG happening)))))))))))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (VP (VBD said)) (NP (NNP Tauxe)) (. .)))
"With the device used to examine the mosquito, we are able to insert a very small electrode into the part of the mosquito's nose, where its smelling neurons are and where the smell is happening," said Tauxe.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
case
with
With
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
device
device
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
use
used
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
examine
examine
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
mosquito
mosquito
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
ccomp
Degree=Pos
able
able
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
insert
insert
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
advmod
very
very
ADV
RB
amod
Degree=Pos
small
small
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
electrode
electrode
NOUN
NN
case
into
into
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
part
part
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
mosquito
mosquito
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
nmod
Number=Sing
nose
nose
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
PronType=Rel
where
where
ADV
WRB
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
its
its
PRON
PRP$
compound
Number=Sing
smelling
smelling
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Plur
neuron
neurons
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
PronType=Int
where
where
ADV
WRB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
smell
smell
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
conj
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
happen
happening
VERB
VBG
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
nsubj
Number=Sing
Tauxe
Tauxe
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Anandasankar) (NNP Ray)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT a) (NN product)) (VP (VBN based) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Ethyl) (NNP Pyruvate))))) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB cost) (NP (NP (NP (JJR less)) (SBAR (S (PP (TO to) (VP (VB produce)))))) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (NN DEFT)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ effective)) (JJ chemical) (NN treatment)) (PP (ADVP (RB now)) (IN in) (NP (NN use)))))))))))) (. .)))
Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl Pyruvate may cost less to produce than DEFT, the most effective chemical treatment now in use.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Anandasankar
Anandasankar
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Ray
Ray
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
product
product
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
base
based
VERB
VBN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
Ethyl
Ethyl
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
PROPN
NNP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
may
may
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
cost
cost
VERB
VB
obj
Degree=Cmp
less
less
ADJ
JJR
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
produce
produce
VERB
VB
case
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
deft
DEFT
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
amod
Degree=Pos
effective
effective
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
chemical
chemical
ADJ
JJ
appos
Number=Sing
treatment
treatment
NOUN
NN
advmod
now
now
ADV
RB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
use
use
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (S (NP (NNP DEFT)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB too) (JJ costly)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (JJS most) (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP live) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNS areas)) (VP (VBN affected) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN malaria))))))))))))))) (. .)))
He says DEFT is too costly for most people who live in areas affected by malaria.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
He
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
nsubj
Number=Sing
DEFT
DEFT
PROPN
NNP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
advmod
too
too
ADV
RB
ccomp
Degree=Pos
costly
costly
ADJ
JJ
case
for
for
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADJ
JJS
obl
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
live
live
VERB
VBP
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
area
areas
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
affect
affected
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
obl:agent
Number=Sing
malaria
malaria
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (SINV (`` ``) (S (ADVP (RB Perhaps)) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG finding) (NP (NP (NNS smells)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (MD can) (VP (VB attack) (NP (JJ other) (NN target) (NNS receptors)))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB improve) (PP (IN upon) (NP (NNP DEFT)))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB finally)) (VP (VB have) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ next) (NN generation)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NML (NML (NN insect) (NN behaviour)) (NN control)) (NNS products)))))))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (VP (VBD said)) (NP (NNP Ray)) (. .)))
"Perhaps by finding smells that can attack other target receptors, we will be able to improve upon DEFT and finally have the next generation of insect behaviour control products," said Ray.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
advmod
perhaps
Perhaps
ADV
RB
mark
by
by
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
find
finding
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
smell
smells
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
acl:relcl
VerbForm=Inf
attack
attack
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
target
target
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
receptor
receptors
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
will
will
AUX
MD
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
ccomp
Degree=Pos
able
able
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
improve
improve
VERB
VB
case
upon
upon
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
DEFT
DEFT
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
finally
finally
ADV
RB
conj
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
next
next
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
generation
generation
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
insect
insect
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
behaviour
behaviour
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
control
control
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
product
products
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
nsubj
Number=Sing
Ray
Ray
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
The sound of a mosquito can mean trouble in many parts of the world. The bite of the mosquito can be deadly. The insects carry serious diseases like malaria. It is estimated that almost 630,000 people died from malaria and malariarelated causes in 2012, and most of these cases were in African countries.  In the United States, a group of California scientists are working to develop a more effective and less costly substance to protect people from mosquitoes. The researchers are investigating the sense of smell in mosquitoes. They found the insects use the same receptor for identifying carbon dioxide in human breath as they do for the smell of our skin. Anandasankar Ray, who is leading the investigation, says scientists tested more than a million chemical compounds until they found a substance called Ethyl Pyruvate. He says Ethyl Pyruvate makes the mosquitoes' receptors inactive. "When we apply Ethyl Pyruvate to a human arm and offer it to hungry mosquitoes in a cage, very few of the mosquitoes are attracted to the human arm because only a few of them are able to smell it out," said Ray.  Genevieve Tauxe, a member of the research team, says it was not easy to find the neurons of noble cells that recognize both the smell of human breath and skin. "With the device used to examine the mosquito, we are able to insert a very small electrode into the part of the mosquito's nose, where its smelling neurons are and where the smell is happening," said Tauxe.  Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl Pyruvate may cost less to produce than DEFT, the most effective chemical treatment now in use. He says DEFT is too costly for most people who live in areas affected by malaria.  "Perhaps by finding smells that can attack other target receptors, we will be able to improve upon DEFT and finally have the next generation of insect behaviour control products," said Ray.