(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT Some) (NNS kinds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ mental) (NNS skills)))) (ADVP (RB naturally)) (VP (VBP decrease) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP get) (ADJP (JJR older)))))) (. .)))
Some kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older.
det
some
Some
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
kind
kinds
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
mental
mental
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
skill
skills
NOUN
NNS
advmod
naturally
naturally
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
decrease
decrease
VERB
VBP
mark
as
as
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
get
get
VERB
VBP
xcomp
Degree=Cmp
old
older
ADJ
JJR
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (CC Yet)) (NP (NN research)) (VP (VBZ seems) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB show) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT some) (NN training)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB improve) (NP (JJ such) (NNS skills)))))))))) (. .)))
Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills.
cc
yet
Yet
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Number=Sing
research
research
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
seem
seems
VERB
VBZ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
show
show
VERB
VB
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
some
some
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
training
training
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
improve
improve
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
such
such
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
skill
skills
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (ADJP (RB recently) (VBN published)) (NN study)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBZ appears) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB demonstrate) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ good) (NNS effects)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN training)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB last) (PP (IN for) (NP (JJ many) (NNS years))) (SBAR (IN after) (S (NP (DT that) (NN training)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN ended))))))))))))) (. .)))
A recently published study also appears to demonstrate that the good effects of training can last for many years after that training has ended.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
advmod
recently
recently
ADV
RB
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
publish
published
VERB
VBN
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
advmod
also
also
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
appear
appears
VERB
VBZ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
demonstrate
demonstrate
VERB
VB
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
good
good
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
effect
effects
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
training
training
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
last
last
VERB
VB
case
for
for
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
many
many
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
mark
after
after
SCONJ
IN
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
that
that
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
training
training
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
end
ended
VERB
VBN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNS Researchers)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (NML (NNP Johns) (NNP Hopkins)) (NNP University)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Maryland)))))) (VP (VBD wanted) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB learn) (SBAR (WHADJP (WRB how) (JJ long)) (S (NP (NML (NN memory) (CC and) (NN thinking)) (NNS skills)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB last) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (JJR older) (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD trained) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB keep) (NP (PRP them)))))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland wanted to learn how long memory and thinking skills would last in older people who trained to keep them.
nsubj
Number=Plur
researcher
Researchers
NOUN
NNS
case
at
at
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
Johns
Johns
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Hopkins
Hopkins
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Maryland
Maryland
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
want
wanted
VERB
VBD
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
learn
learn
VERB
VB
advmod
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
amod
Degree=Pos
long
long
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
memory
memory
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
compound
Number=Sing
thinking
thinking
NOUN
NN
conj
Number=Plur
skill
skills
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
last
last
VERB
VB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Cmp
old
older
ADJ
JJR
obl
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
train
trained
VERB
VBD
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
keep
keep
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS people)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN ten-year) (NN research) (NN project))))) (. .)))
The people were part of the ten-year research project.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Number=Sing
part
part
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
ten-year
ten-year
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
research
research
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Sing
project
project
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN taught) (NP (NP (NNS methods)) (VP (VBN meant) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB improve) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN memory) (, ,) (NN thinking) (CC and) (NN ability) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB perform) (NP (JJ everyday) (NNS tasks))))))))))))) (. .)))
They were taught methods meant to improve their memory, thinking and ability to perform everyday tasks.
nsubj:pass
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
They
PRON
PRP
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
teach
taught
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Plur
method
methods
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
mean
meant
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
improve
improve
VERB
VB
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Sing
memory
memory
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
thinking
thinking
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
ability
ability
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
perform
perform
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
everyday
everyday
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
task
tasks
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (QP (JJR More) (IN than) (CD 2,800))) (VP (VBD volunteered) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN study)) (VP (VBN called) (S (ADJP (NNP ACTIVE) (HYPH -) (JJ short))) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NNP Advanced) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NNP Cognitive) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NNP Training)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNP Independent) (CC and) (NNP Vital) (NNP Elderly))))))))) (. .)))
More than 2,800 volunteered for the study called ACTIVE - short for Advanced (Cognitive) Training for Independent and Vital Elderly.
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
More
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
nsubj
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
2800
2,800
NUM
CD
root
Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
volunteer
volunteered
VERB
VBD
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
call
called
VERB
VBN
amod
Degree=Pos
active
ACTIVE
ADJ
NNP
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
xcomp
Degree=Pos
short
short
ADJ
JJ
case
for
for
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
Advanced
Advanced
ADJ
NNP
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
appos
Degree=Pos
cognitive
Cognitive
ADJ
NNP
punct
)
)
PUNCT
-RRB-
obl
Number=Sing
Training
Training
PROPN
NNP
case
for
for
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
independent
Independent
ADJ
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
Vital
Vital
ADJ
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
Elderly
Elderly
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJS Most)) (VP (VBD studied) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD 70)) (NNS years)) (JJ old)))))) (. .)))
Most studied when they were more than 70 years old.
nsubj
Degree=Sup
most
Most
ADJ
JJS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
study
studied
VERB
VBD
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
70
70
NUM
CD
obl:tmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Degree=Pos
old
old
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS volunteers)) (VP (VBD took) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ several) (JJ short) (NN training) (NNS classes)) (VP (VBN meant) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB help) (NP (PRP them)) (S (VP (VB keep) (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ mental) (NNS abilities)))))))))))) (. .)))
The volunteers took one of several short training classes meant to help them keep their mental abilities.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
volunteer
volunteers
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
take
took
VERB
VBD
obj
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
several
several
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
short
short
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
training
training
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
class
classes
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
mean
meant
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
help
help
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
keep
keep
VERB
VB
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
amod
Degree=Pos
mental
mental
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
ability
abilities
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (CD One) (NN class)) (VP (VBN trained) (NP (NP (NP (NNS participants)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS skills)))) (PP (VBG including) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB remember) (NP (NN word) (NNS lists))))))))) (. .)))
One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists.
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
One
NUM
CD
compound
Number=Sing
class
class
NOUN
NN
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
train
trained
VERB
VBN
root
Number=Plur
participant
participants
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
skill
skills
NOUN
NNS
case
VerbForm=Ger
include
including
VERB
VBG
nmod
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
remember
remember
VERB
VB
compound
Number=Sing
word
word
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
list
lists
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NP (NP (DT Another) (NN group)) (VP (VBN trained) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN reasoning)))) (. .)))
Another group trained in reasoning.
det
another
Another
DET
DT
root
Number=Sing
group
group
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
train
trained
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
reasoning
reasoning
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ third) (NN group)) (VP (VBD received) (NP (NN help)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NN speed-of-processing) (HYPH -) (NN speed)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG receiving) (CC and) (VBG understanding) (NP (NN information)))))))) (. .)))
A third group received help with speed-of-processing - speed of receiving and understanding information.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
third
third
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
group
group
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
receive
received
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Sing
help
help
NOUN
NN
case
with
with
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
speed-of-processing
speed-of-processing
NOUN
NN
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
nmod
Number=Sing
speed
speed
NOUN
NN
mark
of
of
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
receive
receiving
VERB
VBG
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Ger
understand
understanding
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Sing
information
information
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ fourth) (NN group)) (HYPH -) (NP (DT the) (NN control) (NN group))) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB get) (NP (DT any) (NN training)))) (. .)))
A fourth group - the control group did not get any training.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
fourth
fourth
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
group
group
NOUN
NN
punct
-
-
PUNCT
HYPH
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
control
control
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
group
group
NOUN
NN
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
do
did
AUX
VBD
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
root
VerbForm=Inf
get
get
VERB
VB
det
any
any
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
training
training
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (JJR Earlier) (NNS results)) (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN established) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN training)) (VP (VBD helped) (NP (DT the) (NNS participants)) (PP (IN for) (NP (QP (RB up) (IN to) (CD five)) (NNS years)))))))) (. .)))
Earlier results had established that the training helped the participants for up to five years.
amod
Degree=Cmp
early
Earlier
ADJ
JJR
nsubj
Number=Plur
result
results
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
establish
established
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
training
training
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
help
helped
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
participant
participants
NOUN
NNS
case
for
for
ADP
IN
advmod
up
up
ADV
RB
fixed
to
to
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
five
five
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Now)) (PRN (, ,) (S (NP (NML (JJ lead) (NN study) (NN writer)) (NNP George) (NNP Rebok)) (VP (VBZ says))) (, ,)) (NP (DT the) (NN research)) (VP (VBD showed) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (JJS most)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN training)))) (VP (VBD remained) (ADJP (JJ effective)) (NP (DT a) (JJ full)) (ADVP (NP (CD ten) (NNS years)) (RBR later)))))) (. .)))
Now, lead study writer George Rebok says, the research showed most of the training remained effective a full ten years later.
advmod
now
Now
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
lead
lead
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
writer
writer
NOUN
NN
flat
Number=Sing
George
George
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Rebok
Rebok
PROPN
NNP
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
say
says
VERB
VBZ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
research
research
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
show
showed
VERB
VBD
nsubj
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADJ
JJS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
training
training
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
remain
remained
VERB
VBD
xcomp
Degree=Pos
effective
effective
ADJ
JJ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
full
full
ADJ
JJ
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
ten
ten
NUM
CD
obl:npmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
advmod
Degree=Cmp
late
later
ADV
RBR
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Professor) (NNP Rebok)) (CC and) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN team))) (VP (VBD found) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS people)) (VP (VBN trained) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN reasoning) (CC and) (NN speed-of-processing))))) (VP (VBD did) (ADJP (JJR better)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNS tests))) (PP (IN than) (NP (DT the) (NN control) (NN group))))))) (. .)))
Professor Rebok and his team found that the people trained in reasoning and speed-of-processing did better on tests than the control group.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Professor
Professor
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Rebok
Rebok
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
his
his
PRON
PRP$
conj
Number=Sing
team
team
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
train
trained
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
reasoning
reasoning
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
speed-of-processing
speed-of-processing
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
do
did
VERB
VBD
xcomp
Degree=Cmp
good
better
ADJ
JJR
case
on
on
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
test
tests
NOUN
NNS
case
than
than
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
control
control
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
group
group
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (NP (PRP We)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBG wondering) (SBAR (IN whether) (S (NP (NP (DT those) (NNS effects)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBD endured) (PP (IN over) (NP (NN time))))))) (VP (MD would) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VB be) (ADVP (RB there)) (PP (NP (CD ten) (NNS years)) (VBG following) (NP (DT the) (NN training))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (PP (IN in) (NP (NN fact))) (, ,) (NP (DT that)) (VP (VBZ 's) (ADVP (RB exactly)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBD found)))))) (. .) ('' '')))
"We are wondering whether those effects which endured over time would still be there ten years following the training, and in fact, that's exactly what we found."
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
We
PRON
PRP
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part
wonder
wondering
VERB
VBG
mark
whether
whether
SCONJ
IN
det
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
those
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
effect
effects
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
endure
endured
VERB
VBD
case
over
over
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
advmod
still
still
ADV
RB
cop
VerbForm=Inf
be
be
AUX
VB
ccomp
PronType=Dem
there
there
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
ten
ten
NUM
CD
obl:tmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
case
VerbForm=Ger
follow
following
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
training
training
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
fact
fact
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
that
that
PRON
DT
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
's
AUX
VBZ
advmod
exactly
exactly
ADV
RB
conj
PronType=Rel
what
what
PRON
WP
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
we
PRON
PRP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN effect)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN memory)))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB however)) (, ,) (VP (VBD seemed) (S (RB not) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB last) (ADVP (RB as) (RB long)))))) (. .)))
The effect on memory, however, seemed not to last as long.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
memory
memory
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
however
however
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
seem
seemed
VERB
VBD
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
last
last
VERB
VB
advmod
as
as
ADV
RB
advmod
Degree=Pos
long
long
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Still)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ old) (NNS people)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT any)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (CD three) (NNS classes)))))) (ADVP (RB generally)) (VP (VBD reported) (NP (NP (JJR less) (NN difficulty)) (PP (IN in) (S (VP (VBG performing) (NP (JJ daily) (NNS activities))))) (PP (IN than) (NP (DT the) (NN control) (NN group))))) (. .)))
Still, the old people in any of the three classes generally reported less difficulty in performing daily activities than the control group.
advmod
still
Still
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
old
old
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
any
any
DET
DT
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
three
three
NUM
CD
nmod
Number=Plur
class
classes
NOUN
NNS
advmod
generally
generally
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
report
reported
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Cmp
less
less
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Sing
difficulty
difficulty
NOUN
NN
mark
in
in
SCONJ
IN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
perform
performing
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
daily
daily
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
activity
activities
NOUN
NNS
case
than
than
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
control
control
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
group
group
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ total) (NN training) (NN time)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (JJR older) (NNS people)))) (VP (VBD was) (NP (QP (IN between) (CD 10) (CC and) (CD 15)) (NNS hours))) (. .)))
The total training time for the older people was between 10 and 15 hours.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
total
total
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
training
training
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Cmp
old
older
ADJ
JJR
nmod
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
case
between
between
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
10
10
NUM
CD
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
15
15
NUM
CD
root
Number=Plur
hour
hours
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
Some kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older. Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills. A recently published study also appears to demonstrate that the good effects of training can last for many years after that training has ended.  Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland wanted to learn how long memory and thinking skills would last in older people who trained to keep them. The people were part of the ten-year research project. They were taught methods meant to improve their memory, thinking and ability to perform everyday tasks.  More than 2,800 volunteered for the study called ACTIVE - short for Advanced (Cognitive) Training for Independent and Vital Elderly. Most studied when they were more than 70 years old.  The volunteers took one of several short training classes meant to help them keep their mental abilities. One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists. Another group trained in reasoning. A third group received help with speed-of-processing - speed of receiving and understanding information. A fourth group - the control group did not get any training.  Earlier results had established that the training helped the participants for up to five years. Now, lead study writer George Rebok says, the research showed most of the training remained effective a full ten years later.  Professor Rebok and his team found that the people trained in reasoning and speed-of-processing did better on tests than the control group.  "We are wondering whether those effects which endured over time would still be there ten years following the training, and in fact, that's exactly what we found."  The effect on memory, however, seemed not to last as long. Still, the old people in any of the three classes generally reported less difficulty in performing daily activities than the control group. The total training time for the older people was between 10 and 15 hours.