(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS best) (NN way)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB come) (ADVP (RB first))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB go) (ADVP (JJ last)))))) (. .)))
The best way to come first is to go last.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Sup
good
best
ADJ
JJS
nsubj:outer
Number=Sing
way
way
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
come
come
VERB
VB
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
first
ADV
RB
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
root
VerbForm=Inf
go
go
VERB
VB
xcomp
Degree=Pos
last
last
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT An) (NN analysis)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (QP (RB almost) (CD 50)) (NNS years)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS competitions))) (, --) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (NNP Eurovision) (NNP Song) (NNPS Contests)) (CC and) (NP (NML (NN world) (NN skating)) (NNS championships)))) (, --)))) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN found) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS contestants)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ likely) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB win))))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are) (PP (IN among) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ last)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB appear) (PP (IN before) (NP (DT the) (NNS judges))))))))))))))))) (. .)))
An analysis of almost 50 years of competitions--including Eurovision Song Contests and world skating championships--has found that contestants are more likely to win if they are among the last to appear before the judges.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
An
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
analysis
analysis
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
advmod
almost
almost
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
50
50
NUM
CD
nmod
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
competition
competitions
NOUN
NNS
punct
--
--
PUNCT
,
case
VerbForm=Ger
include
including
VERB
VBG
compound
Number=Sing
Eurovision
Eurovision
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Song
Song
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Plur
Contest
Contests
PROPN
NNPS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
compound
Number=Sing
world
world
NOUN
NN
compound
Number=Sing
skating
skating
NOUN
NN
conj
Number=Plur
championship
championships
NOUN
NNS
punct
--
--
PUNCT
,
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
has
AUX
VBZ
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
find
found
VERB
VBN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
contestant
contestants
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
ccomp
Degree=Pos
likely
likely
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
win
win
VERB
VB
mark
if
if
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
case
among
among
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
advcl
Degree=Pos
last
last
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
appear
appear
VERB
VB
case
before
before
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Plur
judge
judges
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN study)) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT an) (JJ American) (NN university)))) (VP (VBZ appears) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB provide) (NP (JJ scientific) (NN proof) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (JJS best) (NN man) (, ,) (CC or) (NN woman) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ does) (RB not) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VB win)))))))))) (. .)))
The study by an American university appears to provide scientific proof that the best man, or woman, does not always win.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
American
American
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
university
university
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
appear
appears
VERB
VBZ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
provide
provide
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
scientific
scientific
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
proof
proof
NOUN
NN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Sup
good
best
ADJ
JJS
nsubj
Number=Sing
man
man
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
woman
woman
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
do
does
AUX
VBZ
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
advmod
always
always
ADV
RB
acl
VerbForm=Inf
win
win
VERB
VB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD found) (SBAR (IN that) (, ,) (S (PP (IN on) (ADJP (NN average))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ last) (NN competitor)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB appear) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Eurovision) (NNP Song) (NNP Contest)))))))) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (RB twice) (RB as) (JJ likely) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB win))))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN one)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD went) (PRT (RB on)) (ADVP (RB first)))))))))))) (. .)))
It found that, on average, the last competitor to appear in the Eurovision Song Contest was more than twice as likely to win as the one who went on first.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
find
found
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
on
on
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
average
average
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
last
last
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
competitor
competitor
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
appear
appear
VERB
VB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Eurovision
Eurovision
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Song
Song
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
Contest
Contest
PROPN
NNP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
advmod
NumType=Mult
twice
twice
ADV
RB
advmod
as
as
ADV
RB
ccomp
Degree=Pos
likely
likely
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
win
win
VERB
VB
case
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
one
one
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
go
went
VERB
VBD
advmod
on
on
ADV
RB
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
first
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ first) (NNS rounds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN figure-skating) (NNS championships)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHPP (IN for) (WHNP (WDT which))) (S (NP (DT the) (NN running) (NN order)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN selected) (PP (IN at) (NP (NN random))))))) (, ,)))) (VP (VBD showed) (NP (ADJP (JJR more) (JJ dramatic)) (NNS results))) (. .)))
The first rounds of figure-skating championships, for which the running order is selected at random, showed more dramatic results.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
round
rounds
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
figure-skating
figure-skating
NOUN
NN
nmod
Number=Plur
championship
championships
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
for
for
ADP
IN
obl
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
running
running
NOUN
NN
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
order
order
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
select
selected
VERB
VBN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
random
random
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
show
showed
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
amod
Degree=Pos
dramatic
dramatic
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
result
results
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (JJ final) (NN skater)) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NP (DT a) (NML (CD 14) (NN percent)) (NN chance)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN victory)))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG making) (S (NP (NP (PRP him)) (CC or) (NP (PRP her))) (NP (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD four)) (NNS times)) (ADJP (RB as) (JJ likely) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB win) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN skater)))))))))))) (. .)))
The final skater had a 14 percent chance of victory, making him or her more than four times as likely to win as the first skater.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
final
final
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
skater
skater
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
14
14
NUM
CD
compound
Number=Sing
percent
percent
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
chance
chance
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
victory
victory
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
make
making
VERB
VBG
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
him
PRON
PRP
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
her
her
PRON
PRP
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
four
four
NUM
CD
obl:npmod
Number=Plur
time
times
NOUN
NNS
advmod
as
as
ADV
RB
xcomp
Degree=Pos
likely
likely
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
win
win
VERB
VB
case
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
skater
skater
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN study)) (VP (VBD showed) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ gradual) (NN worsening)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS chances)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NNS competitors)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD appeared) (ADVP (RBR earlier) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN running) (NN order))))))))))))) (. .)))
The study showed a gradual worsening of chances for competitors who appeared earlier in the running order.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
show
showed
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
gradual
gradual
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
worsen
worsening
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
chance
chances
NOUN
NNS
case
for
for
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
competitor
competitors
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
appear
appeared
VERB
VBD
advmod
Degree=Cmp
early
earlier
ADV
RBR
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
running
running
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Sing
order
order
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN contestant)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ appears) (ADVP (RB first)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (NN contest))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (ADJP (NP (CD two) (NN percent)) (RBR less) (JJ likely) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB win))))) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (CD one)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ appears) (ADVP (JJ second))))))))) (. .)))
A contestant who appears first in a contest is two percent less likely to win than one who appears second.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
contestant
contestant
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
appear
appears
VERB
VBZ
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
first
ADV
RB
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
contest
contest
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
obl:npmod
Number=Sing
percent
percent
NOUN
NN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
less
less
ADV
RBR
root
Degree=Pos
likely
likely
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
win
win
VERB
VB
case
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
appear
appears
VERB
VBZ
xcomp
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
second
second
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN contestant)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ appears) (ADVP (JJ second)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (ADJP (ADJP (NP (CD two) (NN percent)) (RBR less) (JJ likely) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB win))))) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (CD one)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ appears) (ADVP (JJ third)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (ADVP (RB so) (RB on)))) (. .)))
A contestant who appears second is two percent less likely to win than one who appears third, and so on.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
contestant
contestant
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
appear
appears
VERB
VBZ
xcomp
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
second
second
ADJ
JJ
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
obl:npmod
Number=Sing
percent
percent
NOUN
NN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
less
less
ADV
RBR
root
Degree=Pos
likely
likely
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
win
win
VERB
VB
case
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
appear
appears
VERB
VBZ
xcomp
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
third
third
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
so
so
ADV
RB
conj
on
on
ADV
RB
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS findings)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN published) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP March) (NN issue)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNP Acta) (NNP Psychologica)) (, ,) (NP (DT a) (JJ scientific) (NN journal)))))))) (. .)))
The findings are published in the March issue of Acta Psychologica, a scientific journal.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
finding
findings
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
publish
published
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
March
March
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
issue
issue
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Acta
Acta
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Psychologica
Psychologica
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
scientific
scientific
ADJ
JJ
appos
Number=Sing
journal
journal
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Robert) (NNP Hardman)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ senior) (NN lecturer)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN psychology))) (PP (IN at) (NP (NML (NNP London) (NNP Metropolitan)) (NNP University)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ specializes) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN science)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN decision-making))))))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS results)) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (JJ interesting)))))) (. .)))
Robert Hardman, a senior lecturer in psychology at London Metropolitan University who specializes in the science of decision-making, said that the results were interesting.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Robert
Robert
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Hardman
Hardman
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
senior
senior
ADJ
JJ
appos
Number=Sing
lecturer
lecturer
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
psychology
psychology
NOUN
NN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
London
London
PROPN
NNP
amod
Degree=Pos
Metropolitan
Metropolitan
ADJ
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
University
University
PROPN
NNP
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
specialize
specializes
VERB
VBZ
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
science
science
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
decision-making
decision-making
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
result
results
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
ccomp
Degree=Pos
interesting
interesting
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD suggested) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN effect)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN caused) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS limitations)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ human) (NN memory)))))))))) (. .)))
He suggested that the effect was caused by the limitations of the human memory.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
He
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
suggest
suggested
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
effect
effect
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
cause
caused
VERB
VBN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl:agent
Number=Plur
limitation
limitations
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
memory
memory
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP make) (NP (NNS comparisons))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are) (RB n't) (ADJP (RB really) (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN lot)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ fine-grade) (NN discrimination))))))))) (. .)))
"When people make comparisons, they aren't really able to make a lot of fine-grade discrimination.
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
advmod
PronType=Int
when
When
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
make
make
VERB
VBP
obj
Number=Plur
comparison
comparisons
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
not
n't
PART
RB
advmod
really
really
ADV
RB
root
Degree=Pos
able
able
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
make
make
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
lot
lot
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
fine-grade
fine-grade
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
discrimination
discrimination
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (NNS contestants)) (VP (VBP appear) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN beginning)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN contest)))))))) (, ,) (S (NP (NNS judges)) (VP (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (JJ little)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB compare) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN to)))))))) (CC and) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (RB perhaps) (JJ wary) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS scores)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP give)))))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD said)) (. .)))
When contestants appear at the beginning of a contest, judges have little to compare them to and are perhaps wary of the scores they give," he said.
advmod
PronType=Int
when
When
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Number=Plur
contestant
contestants
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
appear
appear
VERB
VBP
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
beginning
beginning
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
contest
contest
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
judge
judges
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
VERB
VBP
obj
Degree=Pos
little
little
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
compare
compare
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
obl
to
to
ADP
IN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advmod
perhaps
perhaps
ADV
RB
conj
Degree=Pos
wary
wary
ADJ
JJ
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Plur
score
scores
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
give
give
VERB
VBP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
he
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (`` ``) (ADVP (RBR Later) (RB on)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS judges)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB compare) (NP (DT the) (NNS contestants)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT those)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN gone) (ADVP (RB before))))))))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD might) (VP (VB give) (NP (JJR more) (JJ extreme) (NNS marks)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP feel) (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ confident) (PP (IN about) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS judgments))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
"Later on, when judges are able to compare the contestants to those that have gone before, they might give more extreme marks because they feel more confident about their judgments."
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
advmod
Degree=Cmp
late
Later
ADV
RBR
advmod
on
on
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Number=Plur
judge
judges
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
advcl
Degree=Pos
able
able
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
compare
compare
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
contestant
contestants
NOUN
NNS
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
those
PRON
DT
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
go
gone
VERB
VBN
advmod
before
before
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
might
might
AUX
MD
root
VerbForm=Inf
give
give
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
amod
Degree=Pos
extreme
extreme
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
mark
marks
NOUN
NNS
mark
because
because
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
feel
feel
VERB
VBP
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
xcomp
Degree=Pos
confident
confident
ADJ
JJ
case
about
about
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Plur
judgment
judgments
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
The best way to come first is to go last. An analysis of almost 50 years of competitions--including Eurovision Song Contests and world skating championships--has found that contestants are more likely to win if they are among the last to appear before the judges.  The study by an American university appears to provide scientific proof that the best man, or woman, does not always win.  It found that, on average, the last competitor to appear in the Eurovision Song Contest was more than twice as likely to win as the one who went on first.  The first rounds of figure-skating championships, for which the running order is selected at random, showed more dramatic results. The final skater had a 14 percent chance of victory, making him or her more than four times as likely to win as the first skater.  The study showed a gradual worsening of chances for competitors who appeared earlier in the running order. A contestant who appears first in a contest is two percent less likely to win than one who appears second. A contestant who appears second is two percent less likely to win than one who appears third, and so on.  The findings are published in the March issue of Acta Psychologica, a scientific journal.  Robert Hardman, a senior lecturer in psychology at London Metropolitan University who specializes in the science of decision-making, said that the results were interesting. He suggested that the effect was caused by the limitations of the human memory.  "When people make comparisons, they aren't really able to make a lot of fine-grade discrimination. When contestants appear at the beginning of a contest, judges have little to compare them to and are perhaps wary of the scores they give," he said.  "Later on, when judges are able to compare the contestants to those that have gone before, they might give more extreme marks because they feel more confident about their judgments."