(ROOT (S (S (NP (CD One)) (VP (VBZ thinks) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS princes) (CC and) (NNS presidents)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT some)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ powerful)) (NNS people)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN world))))))))))) (: ;) (S (ADVP (RB however)) (, ,) (NP (NNS governments)) (, ,) (ADJP (VBN elected) (CC or) (ADVP (RB otherwise))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN had) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB struggle) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ financial) (NNS powerhouses)) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NNS tycoons)))))))))))) (. .)))
One thinks of princes and presidents as some of the most powerful people in the world; however, governments, elected or otherwise, sometimes have had to struggle with the financial powerhouses called tycoons.
nsubj
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
One
NUM
CD
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
think
thinks
VERB
VBZ
case
of
of
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
prince
princes
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
president
presidents
NOUN
NNS
case
as
as
ADP
IN
nmod
some
some
DET
DT
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
advmod
Degree=Sup
most
most
ADV
RBS
amod
Degree=Pos
powerful
powerful
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
world
world
NOUN
NN
punct
;
;
PUNCT
:
advmod
however
however
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
government
governments
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
elect
elected
VERB
VBN
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
otherwise
otherwise
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
sometimes
sometimes
ADV
RB
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
parataxis
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
have
had
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
struggle
struggle
VERB
VB
case
with
with
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
financial
financial
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
powerhouse
powerhouses
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
call
called
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Plur
tycoon
tycoons
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN word) (NN tycoon)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB relatively) (JJ new) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (JJ English) (NN language))))) (. .)))
The word tycoon is relatively new to the English language.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
word
word
NOUN
NN
appos
Number=Sing
tycoon
tycoon
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
advmod
relatively
relatively
ADV
RB
root
Degree=Pos
new
new
ADJ
JJ
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
English
English
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
language
language
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VP (VBZ is) (NP (JJ Chinese)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN origin)))) (CC but) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN given) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN title)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT some) (JJ Japanese) (NNS generals)))))))) (. .)))
It is Chinese in origin but was given as a title to some Japanese generals.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
root
Degree=Pos
Chinese
Chinese
ADJ
JJ
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
origin
origin
NOUN
NN
cc
but
but
CCONJ
CC
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
give
given
VERB
VBN
case
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
title
title
NOUN
NN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
some
some
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Japanese
Japanese
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
general
generals
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN term)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN brought) (PP (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NNP United) (NNPS States))) (, ,) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ late) (JJ nineteenth) (NN century)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (ADVP (RB eventually)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB refer) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (NNS magnates)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD acquired) (NP (JJ immense) (NNS fortunes)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NN sugar) (CC and) (NN cattle)) (, ,) (NP (NN coal)) (CC and) (NP (NN oil)) (, ,) (NP (NN rubber) (CC and) (NN steel)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NNS railroads))))))))))))))))))))) (. .)))
The term was brought to the United States, in the late nineteenth century, where it eventually was used to refer to magnates who acquired immense fortunes from sugar and cattle, coal and oil, rubber and steel, and railroads.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
term
term
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
bring
brought
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
United
United
ADJ
NNP
obl
Number=Plur
State
States
PROPN
NNPS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
late
late
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
nineteenth
nineteenth
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
century
century
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
PronType=Rel
where
where
ADV
WRB
nsubj:pass
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
advmod
eventually
eventually
ADV
RB
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
use
used
VERB
VBN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
refer
refer
VERB
VB
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
magnate
magnates
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
acquire
acquired
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Pos
immense
immense
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
fortune
fortunes
NOUN
NNS
case
from
from
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
sugar
sugar
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
cattle
cattle
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
coal
coal
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
oil
oil
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
conj
Number=Sing
rubber
rubber
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
steel
steel
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
railroad
railroads
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT Some) (NNS people)) (VP (VP (VBD called) (NP (DT these) (NNS tycoons)) (S (`` ``) (NP (NP (NNS capitals)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN industry)))) ('' ''))) (CC and) (VP (VBD praised) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS contributions)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP U.S.) (NML (NML (NN wealth)) (CC and) (NML (JJ international) (NN reputation))))))))) (. .)))
Some people called these tycoons "capitals of industry" and praised them for their contributions to U.S. wealth and international reputation.
det
some
Some
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
person
people
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
call
called
VERB
VBD
det
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
this
these
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
tycoon
tycoons
NOUN
NNS
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
xcomp
Number=Plur
capital
capitals
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
industry
industry
NOUN
NN
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
praise
praised
VERB
VBD
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
case
for
for
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Plur
contribution
contributions
NOUN
NNS
case
to
to
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
U.S.
U.S.
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
wealth
wealth
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
amod
Degree=Pos
international
international
ADJ
JJ
conj
Number=Sing
reputation
reputation
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Others)) (VP (VBD criticized) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (JJ cruel) (`` ``) (NN robber) (NNS barons) ('' '')) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (MD would) (VP (VB stop) (PP (IN at) (NP (NN nothing))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NN pursuit)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ personal) (NN wealth)))))))))))) (. .)))
Others criticized them as cruel "robber barons", who would stop at nothing in pursuit of personal wealth.
nsubj
Number=Plur
other
Others
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
criticize
criticized
VERB
VBD
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
case
as
as
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
cruel
cruel
ADJ
JJ
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
compound
Number=Sing
robber
robber
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Plur
baron
barons
NOUN
NNS
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
PronType=Rel
who
who
PRON
WP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
would
would
AUX
MD
acl:relcl
VerbForm=Inf
stop
stop
VERB
VB
case
at
at
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing|PronType=Neg
nothing
nothing
PRON
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
pursuit
pursuit
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
personal
personal
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
wealth
wealth
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (JJ early) (NNS tycoons)) (VP (VBD built) (NP (JJ successful) (NNS businesses)) (, ,) (S (ADVP (RB often)) (VP (VBG taking) (PRT (RP over)) (NP (JJR smaller) (NNS companies)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB eliminate) (NP (NN competition)))))))) (. .)))
The early tycoons built successful businesses, often taking over smaller companies to eliminate competition.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
early
early
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
tycoon
tycoons
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
build
built
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Pos
successful
successful
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
business
businesses
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
Degree=Pos
often
often
ADV
RB
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
take
taking
VERB
VBG
compound:prt
over
over
ADP
RP
amod
Degree=Cmp
small
smaller
ADJ
JJR
obj
Number=Plur
company
companies
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
eliminate
eliminate
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Sing
competition
competition
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ single) (NN company)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD came) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB control) (NP (DT an) (JJ entire) (NN market))))))))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (DT a) (NN monopoly))))) (. .)))
A single company that came to control an entire market was called a monopoly.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
single
single
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
company
company
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
come
came
VERB
VBD
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
control
control
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
entire
entire
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
market
market
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
call
called
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
xcomp
Number=Sing
monopoly
monopoly
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NNS Monopolies)) (VP (VBD made) (S (NP (DT a) (JJ few) (NNS families)) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ wealthy))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD placed) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ heavy) (JJ financial) (NN burden)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NNS consumers)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN economy))))) (PP (IN at) (ADJP (JJ large))))) (. .)))
Monopolies made a few families very wealthy, but they also placed a heavy financial burden on consumers and the economy at large.
nsubj
Number=Plur
monopoly
Monopolies
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
make
made
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
few
few
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
family
families
NOUN
NNS
advmod
very
very
ADV
RB
xcomp
Degree=Pos
wealthy
wealthy
ADJ
JJ
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
but
but
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advmod
also
also
ADV
RB
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
place
placed
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
heavy
heavy
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
financial
financial
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
burden
burden
NOUN
NN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
consumer
consumers
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
conj
Number=Sing
economy
economy
NOUN
NN
case
at
at
ADP
IN
obl
Degree=Pos
large
large
ADJ
JJ
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN As) (S (S (NP (DT the) (NN country)) (VP (VBD expanded))) (CC and) (S (NP (NNS railroads)) (VP (VBD linked) (NP (DT the) (NNP East) (NNP Coast)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NNP West) (NNP Coast))))))) (, ,) (NP (JJ local) (NNS monopolies)) (VP (VBD turned) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (JJ national) (NNS corporations)) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NNS trusts))))))) (. .)))
As the country expanded and railroads linked the East Coast to the West Coast, local monopolies turned into national corporations called trusts.
mark
as
As
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
country
country
NOUN
NN
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
expand
expanded
VERB
VBD
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
nsubj
Number=Plur
railroad
railroads
NOUN
NNS
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
link
linked
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
East
East
PROPN
NNP
obj
Number=Sing
Coast
Coast
PROPN
NNP
case
to
to
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
West
West
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
Coast
Coast
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
amod
Degree=Pos
local
local
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
monopoly
monopolies
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
turn
turned
VERB
VBD
case
into
into
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
national
national
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
corporation
corporations
NOUN
NNS
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
call
called
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Plur
trust
trusts
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN trust)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN group)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS companies)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP join) (PRT (RB together)) (PP (IN under) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN control)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN board)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS trustees)))))))))))))) (. .)))
A trust is a group of companies that join together under the control of a board of trustees.
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Sing
trust
trust
NOUN
NN
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
root
Number=Sing
group
group
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
company
companies
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
join
join
VERB
VBP
advmod
together
together
ADV
RB
case
under
under
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
control
control
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
board
board
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
trustee
trustees
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Railroad) (NNS trusts)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (DT an) (JJ excellent) (NN example))) (. .)))
Railroad trusts are an excellent example.
amod
Degree=Pos
railroad
Railroad
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Plur
trust
trusts
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
are
AUX
VBP
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
excellent
excellent
ADJ
JJ
root
Number=Sing
example
example
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Railroads)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB privately)) (VP (VP (VBN owned) (CC and) (VBN operated)) (CC and) (ADVP (RB often)) (VP (VBN monopolized)) (NP (JJ various) (NNS routes)) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG setting) (NP (NNS rates)) (ADJP (ADJP (RB as) (JJ high)) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD desired))))))))) (. .)))
Railroads were privately owned and operated and often monopolized various routes, setting rates as high as they desired.
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
railroad
Railroads
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advmod
privately
privately
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
own
owned
VERB
VBN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
operate
operated
VERB
VBN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
often
often
ADV
RB
conj
Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
monopolize
monopolized
VERB
VBN
amod
Degree=Pos
various
various
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
route
routes
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
set
setting
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
rate
rates
NOUN
NNS
advmod
as
as
ADV
RB
xcomp
Degree=Pos
high
high
ADJ
JJ
mark
as
as
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
desire
desired
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ financial) (NN burden)) (SBAR (NP (NP (DT this)) (VP (VBN placed) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNS passengers) (CC and) (NNS businesses))))))) (VP (VBD increased) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS railroads)) (VP (VBD formed) (NP (NNS trusts)))))) (. .)))
The financial burden this placed on passengers and businesses increased when railroads formed trusts.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
financial
financial
ADJ
JJ
nsubj
Number=Sing
burden
burden
NOUN
NN
nsubj
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
PRON
DT
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
place
placed
VERB
VBN
case
on
on
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
passenger
passengers
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
business
businesses
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
increase
increased
VERB
VBD
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
nsubj
Number=Plur
railroad
railroads
NOUN
NNS
advcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
form
formed
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Plur
trust
trusts
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Farmers)) (, ,) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (VP (VBD had) (NP (DT no) (NN choice) (IN but) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB pay))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (NNS railroads)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ only) (NNS means)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB use) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN grain)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNS buyers))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Farmers, for example, had no choice but to pay, as railroads were the only means they could use to get their grain to buyers.
nsubj
Number=Plur
farmer
Farmers
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
for
for
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
example
example
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
have
had
VERB
VBD
det
no
no
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
choice
choice
NOUN
NN
mark
but
but
SCONJ
IN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
pay
pay
VERB
VB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
as
as
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
railroad
railroads
NOUN
NNS
cop
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
only
only
ADJ
JJ
advcl
Number=Plur
means
means
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
could
could
AUX
MD
acl:relcl
VerbForm=Inf
use
use
VERB
VB
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
get
get
VERB
VB
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Sing
grain
grain
NOUN
NN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
buyer
buyers
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Exorbitant) (NNS goods) (NNS rates)) (VP (VBD put) (NP (DT some) (NNS farmers)) (PP (IN out) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN business))))) (. .)))
Exorbitant goods rates put some farmers out of business.
amod
Degree=Pos
exorbitant
Exorbitant
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Plur
goods
goods
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
Number=Plur
rate
rates
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
put
put
VERB
VBD
det
some
some
DET
DT
obj
Number=Plur
farmer
farmers
NOUN
NNS
case
out
out
ADP
IN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
business
business
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB even)) (NP (NNS accusations) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS trusts)) (VP (VBD controlled) (NP (NP (NN government)) (NP (PRP itself))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VP (VBG buying) (NP (NNS votes))) (CC and) (VP (VBG manipulating) (NP (VBN elected) (NNS officials))))))))))) (. .)))
There were even accusations that the trusts controlled government itself by buying votes and manipulating elected officials.
expl
there
There
PRON
EX
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
VERB
VBD
advmod
even
even
ADV
RB
nsubj
Number=Plur
accusation
accusations
NOUN
NNS
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
trust
trusts
NOUN
NNS
acl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
control
controlled
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Sing
government
government
NOUN
NN
obl:npmod
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes
itself
itself
PRON
PRP
mark
by
by
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
buy
buying
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
vote
votes
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Ger
manipulate
manipulating
VERB
VBG
amod
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
elect
elected
VERB
VBN
obj
Number=Plur
official
officials
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 1890))) (NP (NNP Congress)) (VP (VBD passed) (NP (DT the) (NNP Sherman) (NNP Antitrust))) (. .)))
In 1890 Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
obl
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
1890
1890
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Sing
Congress
Congress
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
pass
passed
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Sherman
Sherman
PROPN
NNP
obj
Number=Sing
Antitrust
Antitrust
PROPN
NNP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NP (NP (NN Act)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN legislation)) (VP (VBN aimed) (PP (IN at) (S (VP (VBG breaking) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN power)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ such) (NNS trusts))))))))) (. .)))
Act, legislation aimed at breaking the power of such trusts.
root
Number=Sing
act
Act
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
appos
Number=Sing
legislation
legislation
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
aim
aimed
VERB
VBN
mark
at
at
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
break
breaking
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
power
power
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
such
such
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
trust
trusts
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNP Sherman) (NNP Antitrust) (NNP Act)) (VP (VBD focused) (PP (IN on) (NP (CD two) (JJ main) (NNS issues)))) (. .)))
The Sherman Antitrust Act focused on two main issues.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Sherman
Sherman
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Antitrust
Antitrust
PROPN
NNP
nsubj
Number=Sing
Act
Act
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
focus
focused
VERB
VBD
case
on
on
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
two
two
NUM
CD
amod
Degree=Pos
main
main
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Plur
issue
issues
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB First) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT all)))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD made) (S (ADJP (JJ illegal)) (NP (DT any) (NN effort) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB interfere) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ normal) (NN conduct)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ interstate) (NN trade))))))))))) (. .)))
First of all, it made illegal any effort to interfere with the normal conduct of interstate trade.
advmod
NumType=Ord
first
First
ADV
RB
case
of
of
ADP
IN
obl
all
all
DET
DT
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
make
made
VERB
VBD
xcomp
Degree=Pos
illegal
illegal
ADJ
JJ
det
any
any
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
effort
effort
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
interfere
interfere
VERB
VB
case
with
with
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
normal
normal
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
conduct
conduct
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
interstate
interstate
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
trade
trade
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (PRP It))) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD made) (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (ADJP (JJ illegal)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB monopolize) (NP (NP (NP (DT any) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN business)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ operates) (PP (IN across) (NP (NN state) (NNS lines)))))))))))) (. .)))
It also made it illegal to monopolize any part of business that operates across state lines.
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
It
PRON
PRP
advmod
also
also
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
make
made
VERB
VBD
expl
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
xcomp
Degree=Pos
illegal
illegal
ADJ
JJ
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
monopolize
monopolize
VERB
VB
det
any
any
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
part
part
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
business
business
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
that
that
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
operate
operates
VERB
VBZ
case
across
across
ADP
IN
compound
Number=Sing
state
state
NOUN
NN
obl
Number=Plur
line
lines
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN Over) (NP (DT the) (JJ next) (CD 60) (NNS years) (QP (CC or) (RB so)))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Congress)) (VP (VBD passed) (NP (JJ other) (NN antitrust) (NNS laws)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT an) (NN effort) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB encourage) (NP (NN competition))) (CC and) (VP (VB restrict) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN power)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJR larger) (NNS corporations))))))))))) (. .)))
Over the next 60 years or so, Congress passed other antitrust laws in an effort to encourage competition and restrict the power of larger corporations.
case
over
Over
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
next
next
ADJ
JJ
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
60
60
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Plur
year
years
NOUN
NNS
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
so
so
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing
Congress
Congress
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
pass
passed
VERB
VBD
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
antitrust
antitrust
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Plur
law
laws
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
effort
effort
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
encourage
encourage
VERB
VB
obj
Number=Sing
competition
competition
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Inf
restrict
restrict
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
power
power
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Cmp
large
larger
ADJ
JJR
nmod
Number=Plur
corporation
corporations
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
One thinks of princes and presidents as some of the most powerful people in the world; however, governments, elected or otherwise, sometimes have had to struggle with the financial powerhouses called tycoons. The word tycoon is relatively new to the English language. It is Chinese in origin but was given as a title to some Japanese generals. The term was brought to the United States, in the late nineteenth century, where it eventually was used to refer to magnates who acquired immense fortunes from sugar and cattle, coal and oil, rubber and steel, and railroads. Some people called these tycoons "capitals of industry" and praised them for their contributions to U.S. wealth and international reputation. Others criticized them as cruel "robber barons", who would stop at nothing in pursuit of personal wealth.  The early tycoons built successful businesses, often taking over smaller companies to eliminate competition. A single company that came to control an entire market was called a monopoly. Monopolies made a few families very wealthy, but they also placed a heavy financial burden on consumers and the economy at large.  As the country expanded and railroads linked the East Coast to the West Coast, local monopolies turned into national corporations called trusts. A trust is a group of companies that join together under the control of a board of trustees. Railroad trusts are an excellent example. Railroads were privately owned and operated and often monopolized various routes, setting rates as high as they desired. The financial burden this placed on passengers and businesses increased when railroads formed trusts. Farmers, for example, had no choice but to pay, as railroads were the only means they could use to get their grain to buyers. Exorbitant goods rates put some farmers out of business.  There were even accusations that the trusts controlled government itself by buying votes and manipulating elected officials. In 1890 Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust. Act, legislation aimed at breaking the power of such trusts. The Sherman Antitrust Act focused on two main issues. First of all, it made illegal any effort to interfere with the normal conduct of interstate trade. It also made it illegal to monopolize any part of business that operates across state lines.  Over the next 60 years or so, Congress passed other antitrust laws in an effort to encourage competition and restrict the power of larger corporations.