(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Now)) (NP (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN discovered) (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN evidence) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS animals)) (ADVP (RB actually)) (VP (VBP behave) (PP (IN like) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS masters))))))))) (. .)))
Now scientists have discovered the first evidence that the animals actually behave like their masters.
advmod
now
Now
ADV
RB
nsubj
Number=Plur
scientist
scientists
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
have
have
AUX
VBP
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
discover
discovered
VERB
VBN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
evidence
evidence
NOUN
NN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
animal
animals
NOUN
NNS
advmod
actually
actually
ADV
RB
acl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
behave
behave
VERB
VBP
case
like
like
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Plur
master
masters
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (ADVP (RB Just)) (IN like) (NP (NNS children))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP adopt) (NP (NP (DT a) (`` ``) (S (VP (NN look) (CC and) (VB learn))) ('' '') (NN approach)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ means) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB mimic) (NP (NP (JJ human) (POS 's)) (NNS actions)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (VP (VBG going) (PP (IN about) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS tasks))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Just like children, they adopt a "look and learn" approach which means they can mimic human's actions when going about their tasks.
advmod
just
Just
ADV
RB
case
like
like
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
child
children
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
adopt
adopt
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
compound
Number=Sing
look
look
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Inf
learn
learn
VERB
VB
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
obj
Number=Sing
approach
approach
NOUN
NN
nsubj
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
mean
means
VERB
VBZ
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
can
AUX
MD
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
mimic
mimic
VERB
VB
nmod:poss
Degree=Pos
human
human
ADJ
JJ
case
's
's
PART
POS
obj
Number=Plur
action
actions
NOUN
NNS
advmod
PronType=Int
when
when
ADV
WRB
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
go
going
VERB
VBG
case
about
about
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obl
Number=Plur
task
tasks
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNS Biologists) (CC and) (NNS psychologists)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS universities)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Vienna) (CC and) (NNP Oxford)))))) (VP (VBD designed) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN experiment)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB test) (NP (DT the) (NN theory) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS dogs)) (VP (VBP do) (VP (VB have) (NP (DT the) (NN ability) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB copy) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP see)))))))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG using) (NP (DT a) (JJ simple) (NN wooden) (NN box))))))))))))))) (. .)))
Biologists and psychologists at the universities of Vienna and Oxford designed an experiment to test the theory that dogs do have the ability to copy what they see, using a simple wooden box.
nsubj
Number=Plur
biologist
Biologists
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Plur
psychologist
psychologists
NOUN
NNS
case
at
at
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Plur
university
universities
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Vienna
Vienna
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Oxford
Oxford
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
design
designed
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
an
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
experiment
experiment
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
test
test
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
theory
theory
NOUN
NN
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
aux
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
do
do
AUX
VBP
acl
VerbForm=Inf
have
have
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
ability
ability
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
copy
copy
VERB
VB
obj
PronType=Rel
what
what
PRON
WP
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
see
see
VERB
VBP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
use
using
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
simple
simple
ADJ
JJ
compound
Number=Sing
wooden
wooden
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
box
box
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NN study))) (, ,) (NP (CD ten) (NNS owners)) (VP (VBD showed) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS dogs)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB open) (NP (DT the) (JJ wooden) (NN box))) (, ,) (S (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBG using) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS heads)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB push) (NP (DT a) (NN handle))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBG using) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS hands))))))))))))) (. .)))
In the study, ten owners showed their dogs how to open the wooden box, sometimes using their heads to push a handle and sometimes using their hands.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
study
study
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
ten
ten
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Plur
owner
owners
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
show
showed
VERB
VBD
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
iobj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
obj
PronType=Int
how
how
ADV
WRB
mark
to
to
PART
TO
acl
VerbForm=Inf
open
open
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
wooden
wooden
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Sing
box
box
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
advmod
sometimes
sometimes
ADV
RB
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
use
using
VERB
VBG
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Plur
head
heads
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
push
push
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
handle
handle
NOUN
NN
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
sometimes
sometimes
ADV
RB
conj
VerbForm=Ger
use
using
VERB
VBG
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Plur
hand
hands
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN test))))) (, ,) (NP (CD five) (NNS dogs)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN rewarded) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN piece)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN sausage))))) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG copying) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS owners) (POS ')) (NNS actions))))))) (. .)))
In the first part of the test, five dogs were rewarded with a piece of sausage for copying their owners' actions.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
part
part
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
test
test
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
five
five
NUM
CD
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
reward
rewarded
VERB
VBN
case
with
with
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
piece
piece
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
sausage
sausage
NOUN
NN
mark
for
for
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
copy
copying
VERB
VBG
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nmod:poss
Number=Plur
owner
owners
NOUN
NNS
case
's
'
PART
POS
obj
Number=Plur
action
actions
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (JJ other) (CD five)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VP (VBN rewarded) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN food))) (PP (IN for) (S (RB not) (VP (VBG copying))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBG using) (NP (JJ other) (NNS methods))))) (. .)))
The other five were rewarded with food for not copying, and using other methods.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:pass
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
five
five
NUM
CD
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
reward
rewarded
VERB
VBN
case
with
with
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
food
food
NOUN
NN
mark
for
for
SCONJ
IN
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
acl
VerbForm=Ger
copy
copying
VERB
VBG
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Ger
use
using
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
method
methods
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN With) (S (NP (NP (DT each) (NN dog)) (NP (DT the) (NN experiment))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN repeated) (NP (NP (NNS hundreds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS times)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN time)) (VP (VBN taken) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT a) (NN dog))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (NP (PRP it)) (`` ``) (ADVP (RB right)) ('' '') (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (CD 85) (NN percent)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS attempts)))))))))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (S (NP (CD 17)) (VP (NNS goes) (PP (IN out) (PP (IN of) (NP (CD 20)))))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN recorded))) (. .)))
With each dog the experiment was repeated hundreds of times, and the time taken for a dog to get it "right" on 85 percent of attempts (17 goes out of 20) was recorded.
case
with
With
ADP
IN
det
each
each
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
dog
dog
NOUN
NN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
experiment
experiment
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
repeat
repeated
VERB
VBN
obl:tmod
Number=Plur
hundred
hundreds
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
time
times
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
time
time
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
take
taken
VERB
VBN
case
for
for
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
dog
dog
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
get
get
VERB
VB
obj
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
it
it
PRON
PRP
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
advmod
right
right
ADV
RB
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
case
on
on
ADP
IN
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
85
85
NUM
CD
obl
Number=Sing
percent
percent
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
attempt
attempts
NOUN
NNS
punct
(
(
PUNCT
-LRB-
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
17
17
NUM
CD
appos
Number=Plur
go
goes
NOUN
NNS
case
out
out
ADP
IN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
20
20
NUM
CD
punct
)
)
PUNCT
-RRB-
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
was
AUX
VBD
conj
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
record
recorded
VERB
VBN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS dogs)) (VP (VBD encouraged) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB mirror) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS owners))))))) (VP (VBD reached) (NP (DT this) (NN point)) (ADVP (ADVP (NP (QP (RB almost) (CD three)) (NNS times)) (RBR sooner) (PP (IN on) (ADJP (NN average)))) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (DT those)) (VP (VBN rewarded) (PP (IN for) (S (RB not) (VP (VBG copying) (NP (PRP them)))))))))) (. .)))
The dogs encouraged to mirror their owners reached this point almost three times sooner on average than those rewarded for not copying them.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
csubj
Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
encourage
encouraged
VERB
VBD
mark
to
to
PART
TO
xcomp
VerbForm=Inf
mirror
mirror
VERB
VB
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Plur
owner
owners
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
reach
reached
VERB
VBD
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
point
point
NOUN
NN
advmod
almost
almost
ADV
RB
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
three
three
NUM
CD
obl:npmod
Number=Plur
time
times
NOUN
NNS
advmod
Degree=Cmp
soon
sooner
ADV
RBR
case
on
on
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
average
average
NOUN
NN
case
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur|PronType=Dem
that
those
PRON
DT
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
reward
rewarded
VERB
VBN
mark
for
for
SCONJ
IN
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
copy
copying
VERB
VBG
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ second) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN test))))) (, ,) (NP (PDT all) (DT the) (NNS dogs)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VBN rewarded) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG copying) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN method)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS owners)) (VP (VBD used)))))))))) (. .)))
In the second part of the test, all the dogs were only rewarded for copying the method their owners used.
case
in
In
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
second
second
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
part
part
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
test
test
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
det:predet
all
all
DET
PDT
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
be
were
AUX
VBD
advmod
only
only
ADV
RB
root
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
reward
rewarded
VERB
VBN
mark
for
for
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
copy
copying
VERB
VBG
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
method
method
NOUN
NN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nsubj
Number=Plur
owner
owners
NOUN
NNS
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
use
used
VERB
VBD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (CD five) (NNS dogs)) (VP (ADVP (RB previously)) (VBN rewarded) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG copying) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS owners))))))) (VP (VBD reached) (NP (DT the) (NML (CD 85) (NN percent)) (NN mark)) (ADVP (JJR more) (IN than) (RB twice)) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT the) (JJ other) (CD five)))) (. .)))
The five dogs previously rewarded for copying their owners reached the 85 percent mark more than twice as the other five.
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
five
five
NUM
CD
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
advmod
previously
previously
ADV
RB
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
reward
rewarded
VERB
VBN
mark
for
for
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
copy
copying
VERB
VBG
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
obj
Number=Plur
owner
owners
NOUN
NNS
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
reach
reached
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nummod
NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
85
85
NUM
CD
compound
Number=Sing
percent
percent
NOUN
NN
obj
Number=Sing
mark
mark
NOUN
NN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADJ
JJR
fixed
than
than
ADP
IN
obl
NumType=Mult
twice
twice
ADV
RB
case
as
as
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
other
other
ADJ
JJ
obl
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
five
five
NUM
CD
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN paper)) (VP (VBN published) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP Proceeding)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Royal) (NNP Society)))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD concluded) (, ,) (`` ``) (S (PP (IN Like) (NP (NNS humans))) (, ,) (NP (NNS dogs)) (VP (MD ca) (RB n't) (VP (VB help) (S (VP (VBG imitating) (NP (NP (NNS actions)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP see))))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
In a paper published in Proceeding of the Royal Society, they concluded, "Like humans, dogs can't help imitating actions they see."
case
in
In
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
paper
paper
NOUN
NN
acl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
publish
published
VERB
VBN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing
Proceeding
Proceeding
PROPN
NNP
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
Royal
Royal
ADJ
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
Society
Society
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
conclude
concluded
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
case
like
Like
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
human
humans
NOUN
NNS
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
aux
VerbForm=Fin
can
ca
AUX
MD
advmod
not
n't
PART
RB
ccomp
VerbForm=Inf
help
help
VERB
VB
xcomp
VerbForm=Ger
imitate
imitating
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
action
actions
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
see
see
VERB
VBP
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Going) (ADVP (RBR further)))) (PRN (, ,) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD said))) (, ,)) (`` ``) (NP (DT The) (NNS results)) (VP (VBP suggest) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ imitative) (NN behavior)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS dogs)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN shaped) (PP (ADVP (RBR more)) (IN by) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ developmental) (NNS interactions)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNS humans))))) (PP (IN than) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ evolutionary) (NN history)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN domestication))))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
Going further, they said, "The results suggest the imitative behavior of dogs is shaped more by their developmental interactions with humans than by their evolutionary history of domestication."
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
go
Going
VERB
VBG
advmod
Degree=Cmp
further
further
ADV
RBR
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
they
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
The
DET
DT
nsubj
Number=Plur
result
results
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
suggest
suggest
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
imitative
imitative
ADJ
JJ
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
behavior
behavior
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
dog
dogs
NOUN
NNS
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
shape
shaped
VERB
VBN
advmod
Degree=Cmp
more
more
ADV
RBR
case
by
by
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
amod
Degree=Pos
developmental
developmental
ADJ
JJ
obl:agent
Number=Plur
interaction
interactions
NOUN
NNS
case
with
with
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Plur
human
humans
NOUN
NNS
case
than
than
ADP
IN
case
by
by
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
amod
Degree=Pos
evolutionary
evolutionary
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
history
history
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
domestication
domestication
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
(ROOT (NFP  ))
root
PUNCT
NFP
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Caroline) (NNP Kisko)) (, ,) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NNP Kennel) (NN club))) (, ,)) (VP (VBD said) (, ,) (`` ``) (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN dog) (POS 's)) (NN behavior)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN influenced) (PP (ADVP (RB much)) (IN like) (NP (NP (DT that)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN child)) (VP (VP (VBG learning) (PP (ADVP (RB right)) (PP (IN from) (ADJP (JJ wrong))))) (CC and) (VP (VBG adopting) (NP (NP (JJ similar) (NNS patterns)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN behavior)))))))))))))) (. .)))
Caroline Kisko, from the Kennel club, said, "A dog's behavior is influenced much like that of a child learning right from wrong and adopting similar patterns of behavior.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Caroline
Caroline
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Kisko
Kisko
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
from
from
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
compound
Number=Sing
Kennel
Kennel
PROPN
NNP
nmod
Number=Sing
club
club
NOUN
NN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
punct
``
``
PUNCT
``
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
A
DET
DT
nmod:poss
Number=Sing
dog
dog
NOUN
NN
case
's
's
PART
POS
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
behavior
behavior
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
ccomp
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
influence
influenced
VERB
VBN
advmod
much
much
ADV
RB
case
like
like
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
that
that
PRON
DT
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
nmod
Number=Sing
child
child
NOUN
NN
acl
VerbForm=Ger
learn
learning
VERB
VBG
advmod
right
right
ADV
RB
case
from
from
ADP
IN
obl
Degree=Pos
wrong
wrong
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Ger
adopt
adopting
VERB
VBG
amod
Degree=Pos
similar
similar
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
pattern
patterns
NOUN
NNS
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
behavior
behavior
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP We)) (VP (VBP hope) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS owners)) (VP (VP (VBP understand) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN importance)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS actions))))) (CC and) (VP (VBP use) (NP (DT this) (NN knowledge)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB set) (NP (JJ good) (NNS examples))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB therefore)) (ADVP (RB positively)) (VP (VB influence) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN behavior)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS pets))))))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))
We hope that owners understand the importance of their actions and use this knowledge to set good examples and therefore positively influence the behavior of their pets."
nsubj
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
we
We
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
hope
hope
VERB
VBP
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Plur
owner
owners
NOUN
NNS
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
understand
understand
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
importance
importance
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Number=Plur
action
actions
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
use
use
VERB
VBP
det
Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
this
this
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
knowledge
knowledge
NOUN
NN
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advcl
VerbForm=Inf
set
set
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
good
good
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
example
examples
NOUN
NNS
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
advmod
therefore
therefore
ADV
RB
advmod
positively
positively
ADV
RB
conj
VerbForm=Inf
influence
influence
VERB
VB
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
behavior
behavior
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
their
their
PRON
PRP$
nmod
Number=Plur
pet
pets
NOUN
NNS
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
punct
''
''
PUNCT
''
Now scientists have discovered the first evidence that the animals actually behave like their masters. Just like children, they adopt a "look and learn" approach which means they can mimic human's actions when going about their tasks.  Biologists and psychologists at the universities of Vienna and Oxford designed an experiment to test the theory that dogs do have the ability to copy what they see, using a simple wooden box. In the study, ten owners showed their dogs how to open the wooden box, sometimes using their heads to push a handle and sometimes using their hands.  In the first part of the test, five dogs were rewarded with a piece of sausage for copying their owners' actions. The other five were rewarded with food for not copying, and using other methods. With each dog the experiment was repeated hundreds of times, and the time taken for a dog to get it "right" on 85 percent of attempts (17 goes out of 20) was recorded. The dogs encouraged to mirror their owners reached this point almost three times sooner on average than those rewarded for not copying them. In the second part of the test, all the dogs were only rewarded for copying the method their owners used. The five dogs previously rewarded for copying their owners reached the 85 percent mark more than twice as the other five.  In a paper published in Proceeding of the Royal Society, they concluded, "Like humans, dogs can't help imitating actions they see." Going further, they said, "The results suggest the imitative behavior of dogs is shaped more by their developmental interactions with humans than by their evolutionary history of domestication."  Caroline Kisko, from the Kennel club, said, "A dog's behavior is influenced much like that of a child learning right from wrong and adopting similar patterns of behavior. We hope that owners understand the importance of their actions and use this knowledge to set good examples and therefore positively influence the behavior of their pets."