Descartes specifically said that error comes about because the will is not limited to judging things which the understanding is limited to, and described the possibility of such judging or choosing things ignorantly, without understanding them, as free will. Under the influence of Bacon and Descartes, Thomas Hobbes made one of the first attempts to systematically analyze ethical and political matters in a modern way. He defined will in his Leviathan Chapter VI, in words which explicitly criticize the medieval scholastic definitions:
Descartes specifically said that error comes about because the will is not limited to judging things which the understanding is limited to, and described the possibility of such judging or choosing things ignorantly, without understanding them, as free will.
nsubj
Number=Sing
Descartes
Descartes
PROPN
NNPS
advmod
specifically
specifically
ADV
RB
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
say
said
VERB
VBD
mark
that
that
SCONJ
IN
nsubj
Number=Sing
error
error
NOUN
NN
ccomp
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
come
comes
VERB
VBZ
advmod
about
about
ADV
RB
mark
because
because
SCONJ
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
will
will
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
advmod
not
not
PART
RB
advcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
limit
limited
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
amod
VerbForm=Ger
judge
judging
VERB
VBG
obl
Number=Plur
thing
things
NOUN
NNS
obl
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
nsubj:pass
Number=Sing
understanding
understanding
NOUN
NN
aux:pass
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
be
is
AUX
VBZ
acl:relcl
Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
limit
limited
VERB
VBN
case
to
to
ADP
IN
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
describe
described
VERB
VBD
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obj
Number=Sing
possibility
possibility
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
such
such
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Sing
judge
judging
NOUN
NN
cc
or
or
CCONJ
CC
conj
VerbForm=Ger
choose
choosing
VERB
VBG
obj
Number=Plur
thing
things
NOUN
NNS
advmod
ignorantly
ignorantly
ADV
RB
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
mark
without
without
SCONJ
IN
advcl
VerbForm=Ger
understand
understanding
VERB
VBG
obj
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs
they
them
PRON
PRP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
as
as
ADP
IN
amod
Degree=Pos
free
free
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
will
will
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
Under the influence of Bacon and Descartes, Thomas Hobbes made one of the first attempts to systematically analyze ethical and political matters in a modern way.
case
under
Under
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
obl
Number=Sing
influence
influence
NOUN
NN
case
of
of
ADP
IN
nmod
Number=Sing
Bacon
Bacon
PROPN
NNP
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Number=Sing
Descartes
Descartes
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
nsubj
Number=Sing
Thomas
Thomas
PROPN
NNP
flat
Number=Sing
Hobbes
Hobbes
PROPN
NNP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
make
made
VERB
VBD
obj
NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
one
one
NUM
CD
case
of
of
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord
first
first
ADJ
JJ
nmod
Number=Plur
attempt
attempts
NOUN
NNS
mark
to
to
PART
TO
advmod
systematically
systematically
ADV
RB
acl
VerbForm=Inf
analyze
analyze
VERB
VB
amod
Degree=Pos
ethical
ethical
ADJ
JJ
cc
and
and
CCONJ
CC
conj
Degree=Pos
political
political
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
matter
matters
NOUN
NNS
case
in
in
ADP
IN
det
Definite=Ind|PronType=Art
a
a
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
modern
modern
ADJ
JJ
obl
Number=Sing
way
way
NOUN
NN
punct
.
.
PUNCT
.
He defined will in his Leviathan Chapter VI, in words which explicitly criticize the medieval scholastic definitions:
nsubj
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
he
He
PRON
PRP
root
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
define
defined
VERB
VBD
obj
Number=Sing
will
will
NOUN
NN
case
in
in
ADP
IN
nmod:poss
Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs
his
his
PRON
PRP$
compound
Number=Sing
Leviathan
Leviathan
PROPN
NNP
compound
Number=Sing
Chapter
Chapter
PROPN
NNP
obl
Number=Sing
VI
VI
PROPN
NNP
punct
,
,
PUNCT
,
case
in
in
ADP
IN
obl
Number=Plur
word
words
NOUN
NNS
nsubj
PronType=Rel
which
which
PRON
WDT
advmod
explicitly
explicitly
ADV
RB
acl:relcl
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
criticize
criticize
VERB
VBP
det
Definite=Def|PronType=Art
the
the
DET
DT
amod
Degree=Pos
medieval
medieval
ADJ
JJ
amod
Degree=Pos
scholastic
scholastic
ADJ
JJ
obj
Number=Plur
definition
definitions
NOUN
NNS
punct
:
:
PUNCT
: