FSQ-16-011

<EMAIL_ADDRESS>$Id:FSQ-16-011.tex4224202017-08-2512:12:34Zjgradosl$

FSQ-16-011

# Measurement of charged particle spectra in minimum-bias events from proton-
proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\TeV$

###### Abstract

Pseudorapidity, transverse momentum, and multiplicity distributions are
measured in the pseudorapidity range $\abs{\eta}<2.4$ for charged particles
with transverse momenta satisfying $\pt>0.5\GeV$ in proton-proton collisions
at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13\TeV$. Measurements are presented in
three different event categories. The most inclusive of the categories
corresponds to an inelastic data set, while the other two categories are
exclusive subsets of the inelastic sample that are either enhanced or depleted
in single diffractive dissociation events. The measurements are compared to
predictions from Monte Carlo event generators used to describe high-energy
hadronic interactions in collider and cosmic-ray physics.

##  0.1 Introduction

The study of the properties of particle production without any selection bias
arising from requiring the presence of a hard scattering (a selection known as
”minimum bias”) is one of the most basic measurements that can be made at
hadron colliders. Such events are produced by strong interactions of partons
inside the hadrons, which occur at low momentum exchanges, for which
predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) cannot be obtained perturbatively,
and for which diffractive scatterings or multiple partonic interactions (MPI)
play a significant role. The theoretical description of these components of
particle production is based on phenomenological models with free parameters
adjusted (”tuned”) to reproduce the experimental data. However, when a
momentum transfer of several GeV (referred to as a hard process) is involved,
predictions obtained from perturbative QCD (pQCD) are, in many cases, in good
agreement with the measurements. Understanding the transition region between
hard processes calculable with perturbative techniques and soft processes
described by nonperturbative models is required for a full description of
particle production in proton-proton () collisions at the LHC. It is also
essential when the collider is operated at high luminosities since a bunch
crossing contains many collisions (pileup) forming a complex final state that
needs to be theoretically controlled for precise studies of standard model
processes, as well as for new physics searches.

Inclusive measurements of charged particle pseudorapidity distributions,
$\rd{}N_{\text{ch}}/\rd{}\eta$, and transverse momentum distributions,
$\rd{}N_{\text{ch}}/\rd{}\pt$, as well as charged particle multiplicities have
been previously performed in proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions in
the center-of-mass energy range $\sqrt{s}=$0.2–8and in various phase space
regions [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19].
Most of these measurements are described to within 10–20% by present event
generators as reported, , in Ref. [20].

More recently, measurements of the charged-hadron pseudorapidity distribution
in collisions at the highest energies reached so far, $\sqrt{s}=13\TeV$, have
been presented in Refs. [21, 22, 23, 24]. The present work extends those
studies, for charged particles with $\PT>0.5\GeV$ measured over the range
$\abs{\eta}<2.4$, to cover not only the pseudorapidity density, but also the
per-event multiplicity probability, $P(N_{\text{ch}})$, as well as different
transverse-momentum distributions, such as that of the leading charged
particle $\rd{}N_{\text{ch}}/\rd{}\pt$, and its corresponding integrated
spectrum, $D(p_{\text{T,min}})$. The integrated spectrum $D(p_{\text{T,min}})$
is defined as:

$D(p_{\text{T,min}})=\frac{1}{N_{\text{events}}}\int_{p_{\text{T,min}}}\rd
p_{\text{T,leading}}\left(\dd{N}{p_{\text{T,leading}}}\right).$ (1)

Here $N_{\text{events}}$ is the number of selected events, $N$ is the number
of events with a leading charged particle with transverse momentum
$p_{\text{T,leading}}$, and $p_{\text{T,min}}$ is the lower limit of the
integral. In each event, the highest-charged particle within $\abs{\eta}<2.4$
and with $\PT>0.5\GeV$ is selected as the leading charged particle. The
integrated spectrum of charged particles is sensitive to the transition
between the nonperturbative and perturbative QCD regions [25, 17].

The measured distributions are presented for three different event data sets:
an inelastic sample, a sample dominated by nonsingle diffractive dissociation
events (NSD-enhanced sample), and a sample enriched by single diffractive
dissociation events (SD-enhanced sample). The measurements are compared to
predictions from different Monte Carlo (MC) event generators used to describe
high-energy hadronic interactions in collider and cosmic-ray physics.

This article is organized as follows. Section 0.2 gives a brief description of
the CMS detector. The MC models used for corrections and comparison to data
are described in Section 0.3. The data sample, track reconstruction, and event
selection are discussed in Section 0.4. The procedure to correct the data for
detector effects and the systematic uncertainties affecting the measurements
are described in Sections 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. The final results are
presented in Section 0.7 and a summary is given in Section 0.8.

##  0.2 The CMS detector

The central feature of the CMS apparatus is a superconducting solenoid of 6m
internal diameter, providing a magnetic field of 3.8T. Within the solenoid
volume are a silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead tungstate crystal
electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass and scintillator hadron calorimeter,
each composed of a barrel and two endcap sections. Forward calorimeters extend
the pseudorapidity coverage provided by the barrel and endcap detectors. Muons
are detected in gas-ionization chambers embedded in the steel flux-return yoke
outside the solenoid.

The tracking detector consists of 1440 silicon pixel and 15 148 silicon strip
detector modules. The barrel is composed of 3 pixel and 10 strip layers around
the primary interaction point (IP) at radii ranging from 4.4 to 110cm. The
forward and backward endcaps each consist of 2 pixel disks and 12 strip disks
in up to 9 rings. Three of the strip rings and four of the barrel strip layers
contain an additional plane, with a stereo angle of 100mrad, to provide a
measurement of the $r$\- and $z$-coordinate, respectively. The silicon tracker
measures charged particles within the pseudorapidity range $\abs{\eta}<2.5$.
For particles of $1<\pt<10\GeV$ and $\abs{\eta}<1.4$, the track resolutions
are typically 1.5% in and 25–90 (45–150)in the transverse (longitudinal)
impact parameter [26].

The hadron forward (HF) calorimeter uses steel as an absorber and quartz
fibers as the sensitive material. The HF calorimeters are located at 11.2m
from the interaction region, one on each end, and together they provide
coverage in the range $2.9<\abs{\eta}<5.2$. Each HF calorimeter consist of 432
readout towers, containing long and short quartz fibers running parallel to
the beam. The long fibers run the entire depth of the HF calorimeter (165cm,
or approximately 10 interaction lengths), while the short fibers start at a
depth of 22cm from the front of the detector. By reading out the two sets of
fibers separately, it is possible to distinguish showers generated by
electrons and photons, which deposit a large fraction of their energy in the
long-fiber calorimeter segment, from those generated by hadrons, which produce
on average nearly equal signals in both calorimeter segments. Calorimeter
towers are formed by grouping bundles of fibers of the same type. Bundles of
long fibers form the electromagnetic towers and bundles of short fibers form
the hadronic towers.

A more detailed description of the CMS detector, together with a definition of
the coordinate system used and the relevant kinematic variables, can be found
in Ref. [27].

##  0.3 Theoretical predictions

Three different event generators simulating hadronic collisions are used to
correct the measurements to particle level (Section 0.5), and for comparisons
with the final results. Simulated event samples were used to optimize the
event selection, vertex selection, and tracking efficiencies.

The 8 (version 8.153) event generator [28] uses a model [28, 29] in which
initial-state radiation and multiple partonic interactions are interleaved.
Parton showers in are modeled according to the
Dokshitzer–Gribov–Lipatov–Altarelli–Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations [30,
31, 32], and hadronization is based on the Lund string fragmentation model
[33]. Diffractive cross sections are described by the Schuler–Sjöstrand model
[34]. Particle production from a low-mass state X, with
$M_{\mathrm{X}}<10\GeV$, is described by the Lund string fragmentation model,
while for higher masses, $M_{\mathrm{X}}>10\GeV$, a perturbative description
of the pomeron-proton scattering is introduced. The latter is based on
diffractive parton distribution functions [35, 36, 37], which represent
probability distributions for partons inside the proton, under the constraint
that the proton emerges intact from the collision. The 8 generator is used
with the tune cuetp8m1 [20] (also referred to as cuetm1), which is based on
the Monash tune [38] using the NNPDF2.3LO [39, 40] parton distribution
function (PDF) set, with parameters optimized to reproduce underlying event
(UE) data from CMS at $\sqrt{s}=7\TeV$ and CDF at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\TeV$.

The minimum bias Rockefeller (MBR) model [41] is also implemented within the 8
event generator. When used in conjunction with the 4c tune [42] (which
includes parton showering) it is referred to as the 8 mbr4c model. This model
reproduces the measured energy dependence of the total, elastic, and inelastic
cross sections, and can be used to fully simulate the main diffractive
components of the inelastic cross section. The generation of diffractive
processes is based on a phenomenological renormalized Regge model [43, 44],
interpreting the pomeron flux as the probability of forming a diffractive
rapidity gap. The value of the pomeron intercept $\alpha(0)=1.08$ is found to
give the best description of the diffractive dissociation cross sections
measured by CMS at $\sqrt{s}=7\TeV$ [45].

The data are also compared to predictions from the epos [46] MC event
generator (version 1.99) used in cosmic ray physics [47], including
contributions from soft- and hard-parton dynamics. The soft component is
described in terms of the exchange of virtual quasi-particle states, as in
Gribov’s Reggeon field theory [48], with multi-pomeron exchanges accounting
for UE effects. At higher energies, the interaction is described in terms of
the same degrees of freedom (reggeons and pomerons), but generalized to
include hard processes via hard-pomeron scattering diagrams, which are
equivalent to a leading order pQCD approach with DGLAP evolution. The epos
generator is used with the LHC tune [49, 50].

Event samples obtained from the event generators 8, 8 mbr, and epos are passed
through the CMS detector simulation based on [51], and are processed and
reconstructed in the same manner as collision data. The number of pileup
interactions in the MC samples is adjusted to match the distribution in the
data.

##  0.4 Data set, track reconstruction, and event selection

In order to minimize the effect of pileup, the data considered in the analysis
were collected in a special run in summer 2015 with an average number of
interactions per bunch crossing of 1.3 [52].

The two LHC beam position monitors closest to the IP for each LHC experiment,
called the beam pick-up timing experiment (BPTX) detectors, are used to
trigger the detector readout. They are located around the beam pipe at a
distance of 175m from the IP on either side, and are designed to provide
precise information on the bunch structure and timing of the incoming beams.
Events are selected by requiring the presence of both beams crossing at the
IP, as inferred from the BPTX detectors.

The CMS track reconstruction algorithm is based on a combinatorial track
finder (CTF) [53]. The collection of reconstructed tracks is obtained through
multiple iterations of the CTF reconstruction sequence. The iterative tracking
sequence consists of six iterations. The first iteration is designed to
reconstruct prompt tracks (originating near the interaction point) with three
pixel hits and $\pt>0.8\GeV$. The subsequent iterations are intended to
recover prompt tracks that only have two pixel hits or lower . At each
iteration an extrapolation of the trajectory is performed, and using the
Kalman filter, additional strip hits compatible with the trajectory are
assigned.

High-purity tracks [26] are selected with a reconstructed $\pt>0.5\GeV$, in
order to have high tracking efficiency (${>}80\%$) and a relative transverse
momentum uncertainty smaller than 10%. Tracks are measured within the
pseudorapidity range $\abs{\eta}<2.4$ corresponding to the fiducial acceptance
of the tracker, in order to avoid effects from tracks very close to its
geometric edge at $\abs{\eta}=2.5$. The impact parameter with respect to the
beam spot in the transverse plane, $d_{xy}$, is required to satisfy
$\abs{d_{xy}/\sigma_{xy}}<3$, while for the point of closest approach to the
primary vertex along the $z$-direction, ($d_{z}$), the requirement
$\abs{d_{z}/\sigma_{z}}<3$ is imposed. Here $\sigma_{xy}$ and $\sigma_{z}$
denote the uncertainties in $d_{xy}$ and $d_{z}$, respectively. The number of
pixel detector hits associated with a track has to be at least 3 in the
pseudorapidity region $\abs{\eta}\leq 1$ and at least 2 for $\abs{\eta}>1$.

Rejection of beam background events and events with more than one collision
per bunch crossing is achieved by requiring exactly one reconstructed primary
vertex [26]. The vertex produced by each collision is required to be within
$\abs{z}<15\cm$ with respect to the center of the luminous region along the
beamline and within $0.2\cm$ in the transverse direction.

Different event classes are defined based on activity in the HF calorimeters
by requiring the presence of at least one tower with an energy above the
threshold value of 5in the fiducial acceptance region, $3<\abs{\eta}<5$. The
veto condition is defined by an energy deposit in the towers less than a given
threshold value. An inelastic sample consists of events with activity on at
least one side of the calorimeters, whereas an NSD-enhanced sample contains
those with calorimeter activity on both sides. An SD-enhanced sample is
defined by requiring activity on only one side of the calorimeters, with a
veto condition being applied to the other side.

The HF energy threshold of 5was determined from the measurement of electronic
noise and beam-induced background in the HF calorimeters, using an event
sample for which a single beam was circulating in the LHC ring, and an event
sample without beams. The threshold of 5keeps the background due to noise low,
while still maintaining a high selection efficiency. The fraction of events
with at least one HF tower on either side of the detector with an energy above
the threshold of 5in the event samples with no collisions (one beam or no
beam) is 0.13%. The efficiency of the event selection defined by the presence
of at least one tower with an energy above 5in either side of the calorimeters
is 99.3%, and is calculated with respect to the event sample defined by the
presence of exactly one reconstructed primary vertex.

In total a sample of 2.23 million events is selected containing 2 million NSD
events and 0.23 million SD-enhanced events.

##  0.5 Correction to particle level

The data are corrected for tracking and event selection efficiencies, as well
as for detector resolution effects. The corrected distributions correspond to
stable primary charged particles, which are either directly produced in
collisions or result from decays of particles with decay length $<1\cm$. At
particle level, events are selected if at least one charged particle is found
within $\abs{\eta}<2.4$ and $\pt>0.5\GeV$. The different event selections are
defined in a similar manner to how they are defined at detector level in order
to avoid any bias towards a specific MC model. Activity in the forward region
is defined by the presence of at least one particle, either charged or
neutral, with an energy above 5in the region $3<\abs{\eta}<5$ (referred to as
the trigger particle). The veto condition is equivalently defined by the
absence of particles with an energy above 5. The inelastic data set is defined
by requiring a trigger particle in the pseudorapidity range $3<\eta<5$ or
$-5<\eta<-3$. The NSD-enhanced event sample is defined by requiring a trigger
particle in the regions $3<\eta<5$ and $-5<\eta<-3$. The SD-enhanced event
sample is defined by requiring a trigger particle in either the positive or
negative $\eta$ range, with the veto condition applied to the other region.
The SD-enhanced event sample is further divided into two exclusive subsets
according to the $\eta$ region in which the trigger particle is detected.
These subsets are referred to as SD-One-Side enhanced event samples. Table 0.5
shows a summary of the event selection definitions at particle level.

Summary of stable-particle level definitions for each of the event samples,
corresponding to the inelastic, the NSD-enhanced, and SD-enhanced categories.
Charged particles are selected with $\pt>0.5\GeV$ and $\abs{\eta}<2.4$.
Forward trigger particles correspond to those with energy $E>5\GeV$ located in
side- (defined as $-5<\eta<-3$) and/or side+ (defined as $3<\eta<5$).
Similarly, a veto corresponds to the absence of a trigger particle with
$E>5\GeV$ in side- and/or side+.  Event sample Forward region energy selection
Inelastic Trigger particle in side- or side+ NSD-enhanced Trigger particle in
side- and side+ SD-enhanced Trigger particle in side-( side+) and veto in
side+( side-)

A response matrix, $R$, is constructed using the information provided by the
MC event generators and by the full detector simulation. The elements of the
response matrix ($R_{ji}$) represent the conditional probability that (for a
given observable) a true value $i$ is measured as a value $j$. In this
analysis, two different correction procedures were implemented. The first
method (method 1) makes use of the full detector simulation, while in the
second method (method 2) a parametrization of the detector response is
implemented in order to overcome the statistical limitations of the full
detector simulation. Whenever it is possible to accurately parametrize the
detector resolution, method 2 is used, otherwise method 1 is applied. The two
implemented methods account for unreconstructed particles (misses) and wrongly
reconstructed tracks (misreconstruction), as well as for the event selection
efficiency including the vertex and enhanced-event selection. In method 1, the
correction is performed in two steps. The first step corrects for detector
resolution, missed particles and misreconstructed tracks, using an unfolding
procedure. The second step corrects for the event selection efficiency. In
method 2, the $R$ matrix is constructed in a manner that does not include
information on the missed particles and misreconstructed tracks; therefore a
correction factor to account for these effects is applied. This correction
factor takes into account the missed particles and the misreconstructed
tracks, as well as the event selection efficiency. In contrast to method 1,
this correction factor is applied as a function of the observable of interest.
The reason for this is that the number of missing particles in the
reconstruction and the number of misreconstructed tracks both show a
dependence on the different observables. The D’Agostini method [54] is used to
unfold the detector effects.

The final corrected distributions are obtained by taking the average of two
corrected distributions, each corrected using one of the two MC models that
describe best the data at detector level. Most of the distributions are best
described by 8 cuetm1 and epos LHC. The only exception is the pseudorapidity
distribution of the SD-enhanced event sample, for which 8 cuetm1 and 8 mbr4c
have been used.

##  0.6 Systematic uncertainties

The following sources of systematic uncertainty are taken into account:
tracking efficiency, description of the pileup modeling, sensitivity to the
specific value used for the energy threshold applied to the HF towers, and the
dependence on the model used for the corrections.

The systematic uncertainties show almost no dependence on the pseudorapidity
of the particles in the fiducial region considered here. For the charged
particle multiplicity and distributions, the systematic uncertainties are
dependent on the value of the measured observable. The systematic
uncertainties associated with the distributions of all charged particles, the
leading charged particle, and the integrated spectrum of the latter show a
similar behavior.

  * •

Tracking efficiency. The systematic uncertainty due to the difference between
the track reconstruction efficiency in data and simulation is $\approx$4%.
This has been obtained in Ref. [16] at $\sqrt{s}=8\TeV$ and validated for
$\sqrt{s}=13\TeV$ data by comparing the tracking performance of the data set
used in this analysis to the performance of the same data set but
reconstructed with the (different) tracking conditions used in Ref. [16]. The
tracking efficiency is estimated with a data-driven method known as “tag-and-
probe” [55] by exploiting resonances decaying into two particles.

  * •

Pileup modeling. The systematic uncertainty associated with the modeling of
the pileup contribution is calculated by varying the nominal selection of
events with exactly one vertex to that obtained with at least one vertex where
only the tracks associated with the vertex with the largest sum of the squared
transverse momenta of its tracks are used. The difference between these two
selections is taken as the associated uncertainty. For the pseudorapidity
distributions, the uncertainty is estimated to be about 1% for the inelastic
event sample, while it is about 1.5 and 0.3% for the NSD- and SD-enhanced
event samples, respectively. An uncertainty of about 2% on the distributions
for the most inclusive selection procedure is obtained, while it is smaller
than 1% for the SD-enhanced event sample. The inelastic and NSD-enhanced event
samples have similar uncertainties for the multiplicity distributions, first
increasing at low multiplicities from 2 to 8% and then decreasing to 0.5% for
large multiplicities.

  * •

Event selection with HF. The systematic uncertainty associated with the event
selection is determined by varying the threshold applied to the energy of the
HF calorimeter towers, while keeping the definition of the stable-particle
level unchanged. The default value of the energy threshold applied to the HF
calorimeter towers is varied from 5by $\pm 1\GeV$.

In the inelastic and NSD-enhanced event samples an uncertainty of less than 2%
for all the relevant distributions is obtained, while for the SD-enhanced
sample the uncertainty increases to $\approx$6% for the pseudorapidity
distributions and varies between 1 and 15% for the distributions.

  * •

Model dependence. The systematic uncertainty due to the model dependence is
calculated as one half of the difference between the corrected distributions
using the two MC models mentioned in Section 0.5. For the pseudorapidity
distributions, it varies between 0.1 and 1% for the inelastic and NSD-enhanced
event samples, and is about 7% for the SD-enhanced sample.

For the transverse-momentum distributions, the most inclusive event samples
have a maximum uncertainty of about 4% at high , while the SD-enhanced event
sample exhibits a maximum uncertainty of 10% around 2, decreasing at both the
low and high ends of the spectrum.

For the event multiplicity distributions, the inelastic and NSD-enhanced event
samples have similar uncertainties with values up to 8%, reaching a maximum
uncertainty for low and high multiplicities, and a minimum for multiplicities
between 5 and 40.

The total systematic uncertainty is obtained by adding the different sources
discussed above in quadrature. Table 0.6 summarizes all the contributions per
observable and per event selection. The total uncertainty is reported for each
case.

Due to the statistical limitations of the multiplicity measurement in the SD-
enhanced event sample, this distribution is not included in the results.

Summary of systematic uncertainties per observable for each of the event
samples. The observables are (presented as rows, from top to bottom)
pseudorapidity, multiplicity, transverse momentum, leading transverse
momentum, and the integral of the latter. The columns, from left to right,
represent the following event samples: Inelastic, NSD-enhanced and SD-
enhanced. For each observable the respective sources of uncertainty are
listed. These are, from top to bottom: the tracking efficiency, the pileup
modelling, the event selection and the model dependence. The final value in
each case represents the total systematic uncertainty.  Systematic
uncertainties [%] Observable Source Inelastic NSD-enhanced SD-enhanced
$\frac{\rd N_{\text{ch}}}{\rd\eta}$ Tracking efficiency 4 4 4 Pileup modeling
1 1.6 0.3 Event selection $<$0.2 1 7 Model dependence 0.8 0.5 7 Total 4 4 9
$P(N_{\text{ch}})$ Tracking efficiency 4 4 Pileup modeling 0.5–8 0.5–8 Event
selection 0–2 0–2 Model dependence 0–8 0–8 Total 4–8 4–8 $\frac{\rd
N_{\text{ch}}}{\rd\pt}$ Tracking efficiency 4 4 4 Pileup modeling 0–2 0.5–2
0–2 Event selection $<$0.2 1 1–12 Model dependence 0–4 0–4 4–10 Total 4 4 7 –
14 $\frac{\rd N_{\text{ch}}}{\rd{p_{\text{T,leading}}}}$ Tracking efficiency 4
4 4 Pileup modeling 0–4 0.5–4 0–4 Event selection $<$0.2 1 1–12 Model
dependence 0–3 0–3 4–14 Total 4 4 5–14 $D(p_{\text{T,min}})$ Tracking
efficiency 4 4 4 Pileup modeling 0–2 0.5–2 0–2 Event selection $<$0.2 1 1–12
Model dependence 0–4 0–4 1–11 Total 4 4 4–15

##  0.7 Results

Charged particle distributions corrected to particle level as a function of
$\eta$, and leading , as well as the integrated leading as a function of
$p_{\text{T,min}}$ ($D(p_{\text{T,min}})$), and the multiplicity per event
$P(N_{\text{ch}})$ are shown in Fig. 1. They are presented for the different
event categories corresponding to the most inclusive (inelastic), the
diffraction-depleted (NSD), and the diffraction-enhanced (SD) samples.

The SD-minus and SD-plus samples are mutually exclusive, depending on the side
of the forward-detector that contains the hadronic activity. The
pseudorapidity distribution of the SD-enhanced event sample is also presented
as a symmetrized distribution constructed from the SD-minus and SD-plus
enhanced samples and is referred to as the SD-One-Side enhanced event sample.
The symmetrization is performed by reflecting the distribution with respect to
$\eta=0$. The pseudorapidity distributions are averaged over the positive and
negative $\eta$ ranges to suppress statistical fluctuations.

The per-event yields, defined in Eq. (1), are obtained experimentally as

${D}(p_{\text{T,min}})=\frac{1}{N_{\text{events}}}\sum_{p_{\text{T,leading}}>p_{\text{T,min}}}\Delta
p_{\text{T,leading}}\left(\dd{\Delta N}{\Delta p_{\text{T,leading}}}\right),$
(2)

where $N_{\text{events}}$ is the number of events with a leading charged
particle, $\Delta p_{\text{T,leading}}$ is the bin width, and $\Delta N$ is
the number of events with a leading charged particle in each bin.

In general terms, the inelastic and NSD distributions are similar. The
pseudorapidity density of the SD-enhanced event sample is about a factor of 4
lower than that of the most inclusive event samples. The distributions (, ,
leading , and integrated leading ) of the SD-enhanced event sample fall very
steeply for large values. The charged particle multiplicity distribution of
the NSD-enhanced event sample shows a depletion of low-multiplicity events and
an increase of high-multiplicity events compared to that of the inelastic
sample.

Figure 1:  From top to bottom, left to right: pseudorapidity , , leading ,
integrated leading , and multiplicity of charged particles per event for the
inelastic (circles), NSD-enhanced (triangles), SD-enhanced (diamonds), and SD-
One-Side enhanced (crosses) event samples. The band encompassing the data
points represent the total systematic uncertainty, while the statistical
uncertainty is included as a vertical bar for each data point.

Figure 2 shows the pseudorapidity densities of charged particles for four
different event categories. The measurements are compared to the predictions
of different MC event generators, namely 8 cuetm1, 8 mbr4c, and epos LHC. The
predictions of epos LHC provide the best description of the data within
uncertainties for the inelastic event sample. The predictions of 8 cuetm1
slightly underestimate the measurements, while those of 8 mbr4c overestimate
them. For the NSD-enhanced event sample, the predictions of epos LHC and 8
cuetm1 both give a reasonable description of the data within uncertainties,
while the predictions of 8 mbr4c overestimate the measurements. The opposite
behavior is observed for the SD-enhanced event samples, with the predictions
of epos LHC underestimating the data, and the predictions of 8 cuetm1
overestimating them. The predictions from 8 mbr4c describe well the SD data
within uncertainties, showing only small deviations at the edges of the phase
space. The SD-One-Side enhanced event sample is not well described by epos
LHC, while 8 cuetm1 tends to overestimate data, and the prediction from 8
mbr4c describes the measurements within uncertainties over almost the full
range, exhibiting some deviations in the regions where the diffractive
dissociative system is observed.

Figure 2:  Charged particle pseudorapidity densities averaged over both
positive and negative $\eta$ ranges. Top to bottom, left to right: inelastic,
NSD-, SD-, and SD-One-Side enhanced event samples. The measurements are
compared to the predictions of the 8 cuetm1 (long dashes), 8 mbr4c (continuous
line), and epos LHC (short dashes) event generators. The band encompassing the
data points represent the total systematic uncertainty, while the statistical
uncertainty is included as a vertical bar for each data point. The lower
panels show the corresponding MC-to-data ratios.

Figure 3 shows the charged particle multiplicity distributions for the
inelastic and NSD-enhanced event samples. The different event generators
provide similar predictions for the inelastic and NSD-enhanced event samples,
with differences appearing only at low multiplicities. It is in this low-
multiplicity regime that the SD dissociation events contribute the most. The 8
mbr4c generator gives the best description of the data in the low-multiplicity
region, while 8 cuetm1 and epos LHC overestimate the data by approximately
20%. This behavior is similar to that observed in the pseudorapidity
distribution of the SD-enhanced selection, where 8 mbr4c provides the best
description of the SD-enhanced event sample. For multiplicities above 35, the
predictions of 8 cuetm1 give the best description of the data, whereas those
of 8 mbr4c and epos LHC are off by up to 50%. The high multiplicity region is
especially sensitive to MPI and improving its modelling could lead to a better
understanding of these processes.

Figure 3:  Charged particle multiplicity distributions of the inelastic
(left), and NSD-enhanced (right) event samples. The measurements are compared
to the predictions of the 8 cuetm1 (long dashes), 8 mbr4c (continuous line),
and epos LHC (short dashes) event generators. The band encompassing the data
points represent the total systematic uncertainty, while the statistical
uncertainty is included as a vertical bar for each data point. The lower
panels show the corresponding MC-to-data ratios.

Figures 4 to 6 show the charged particle distributions for all the particles,
the leading particle, and the integrated spectrum of the latter, for the
inelastic, NSD-, and SD-enhanced event samples. The range for the SD-enhanced
event sample is smaller compared to the other samples, ranging up to
6.3instead of 50. This is a consequence of the more steeply falling spectrum
of the SD-enhanced event sample with respect to the other two event categories
(Fig. 1).

The distributions of the charged particles in the inelastic and NSD-enhanced
event samples are best described by the predictions of 8 cuetm1 over almost
the full range. Small deviations of up to 10% in the low-region are observed.
This region is dominated by particles coming from MPI. The predictions of 8
mbr4c describe the low-region but rapidly start to overestimate particle
production for $\pt>5\GeV$ by up to 30%. The predictions of epos LHC give a
reasonable description of the data for transverse momenta up to $\pt\approx
10$, while above this value they underestimate it by $\approx 10$%. In the
case of the SD-enhanced event sample, 8 cuetm1 gives the best description of
the data, while epos LHC and 8 mbr4c underestimate or overestimate the data by
40 and 80%, respectively. It is interesting to observe how difficult it is to
simultaneously describe within a given model both the bulk of soft particles
mainly coming from MPI and the high-particles primarily coming from hard
parton scattering.

Figure 4:  Charged particle transverse-momentum densities of inelastic (top
left), NSD-enhanced (top right), and SD-enhanced (bottom) event samples. The
measurements are compared to the predictions of the 8 cuetm1 (long dashes), 8
mbr4c (continuous line), and epos LHC (short dashes) event generators. The
band encompassing the data points represent the total systematic uncertainty,
while the statistical uncertainty is included as a vertical bar for each data
point. The lower panels show the corresponding MC-to-data ratios.

The leading distributions of charged particles and their integral as a
function of $p_{\text{T,min}}$ are presented in Figs. 5 and 6, respectively.
These two distributions provide valuable information on the modeling of the
transition between the nonperturbative and perturbative regimes, and on the
modeling of MPI [25]. For the case of the leading transverse momentum
distributions, the predictions of epos LHC give the best description of the
data for the inelastic and NSD-enhanced event samples almost everywhere within
the experimental uncertainties with only some small deviations at low-values
of up to $\approx$10%. For $\pt>4\GeV$, the predictions of 8 cuetm1 are able
to reproduce these data. The predictions of 8 mbr4c are not able to describe
the data at either low or high for any of the analyzed event samples. In the
case of the SD-enhanced event sample, the predictions of 8 cuetm1 provide the
best description of the data, while those of epos LHC disagree by up to
$\approx$40%.

Figure 5:  Leading charged particle distributions of inelastic (top left),
NSD-enhanced (top right), and SD-enhanced (bottom) event samples. The
measurements are compared to the predictions of the 8 cuetm1 (long dashes), 8
mbr4c (continuous line), and epos LHC (short dashes) event generators. The
band encompassing the data points represent the total systematic uncertainty,
while the statistical uncertainty is included as a vertical bar for each data
point. The lower panels show the corresponding MC-to-data ratios.

Figure 6:  Integrated leading charged particle distributions as a function of
$p_{\text{T,min}}$ for inelastic (top left), NSD-enhanced (top right), and SD-
enhanced (bottom) event samples. The measurements are compared to the
predictions of the 8 cuetm1 (long dashes), 8 mbr4c (continuous line), and epos
LHC (short dashes) event generators. The band encompassing the data points
represent the total systematic uncertainty, while the statistical uncertainty
is included as a vertical bar for each data point. The lower panels show the
corresponding MC-to-data ratios.

For the distribution of the integrated leading charged particle as a function
of $p_{\text{T,min}}$, the predictions are normalized to the data in the
high-$p_{\text{T,min}}$ region, since this region is better described by the
models. The $p_{\text{T,min}}$ distribution for the SD-enhanced event sample
is very different from the others, and the normalization is performed at
$p_{\text{T,min}}=3.2\GeV$, while for inelastic and NSD-enhanced samples it is
performed at $p_{\text{T,min}}=9\GeV$. The inelastic and NSD-enhanced event
samples are best described by the predictions of epos LHC and 8 cuetm1,
although the former overestimates particle production by about $10\%$ at
around 4–5, and the latter underestimates it by a similar amount at around
$p_{\text{T,min}}=1\GeV$. The predictions of 8 mbr4c agree with the data in
the high-region above 9 but increasingly underestimate the data at lower
values, where discrepancies of up to about $20\%$ are observed. The
predictions of 8 cuetm1 describe best the SD-enhanced data set, while those of
epos LHC and 8 mbr4c overestimate and underestimate the data by up to about
$40\%$, respectively. Comparing the shapes of the $D(p_{\text{T,min}})$
distributions for the inelastic (or NSD-enhanced) and SD-enhanced samples, the
transition between the regions dominated by particle production from MPIs (and
softer diffractive scatterings) and from single-hard parton scatterings
seemingly occurs at about $4\GeV$ and $2\GeV$, respectively, as indicated by
the (fast) change of slope in the spectra around these $p_{\text{T,min}}$
values.

##  0.8 Summary

Charged particle distributions measured with the CMS detector in minimum bias
proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13\TeV$ have
been presented. Charged particles are selected with transverse momenta
satisfying $\pt>0.5\GeV$ in the pseudorapidity range $\abs{\eta}<2.4$. The
measured distributions, corrected for detector effects, are presented for
three different event samples selected according to the maximum particle
energy in the range $3<\abs{\eta}<5$. The event samples correspond to an
inelastic sample, a sample dominated by nonsingle diffractive dissociation
events (NSD-enhanced sample), and an event sample enriched by single
diffractive dissociation events (SD-enhanced sample).

In general, the event generators epos LHC, 8 cuetm1, and 8 mbr4c describe the
measurements reasonably well. However, differences are observed in the
pseudorapidity distributions for the SD-enhanced event sample in the region
where the diffractive dissociative system is observed. In the distributions
integrated over the of the leading particle above a given threshold,
$D(p_{\text{T,min}})$, deviations of up to 40% are observed in the small
region. The change from a relatively flat to a falling $D(p_{\text{T,min}})$
distribution occurs at different $p_{\text{T,min}}$ values for the
diffractive-enhanced event samples ($p_{\text{T,min}}\approx 2$) and the
inelastic and NSD-enhanced sample ($p_{\text{T,min}}\approx 4$).

The level of agreement between these new measurements at $\sqrt{s}=13\TeV$ and
the event generators predictions is comparable to that observed for previous
measurements at lower energies. The measurements described here provide new
insights into low momentum-exchange parton scatterings that dominate inelastic
(including diffractive) interactions. The rich variety of distributions
presented for different event samples, especially those enhanced in
diffractive processes, provide new information to understand the transition
from perturbative to nonperturbative regions in particle production in high-
energy collisions and help constrain model parameters in modern hadronic event
generators used in collider and cosmic-ray physics.

###### Acknowledgements.

We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the
excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative
staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the
success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the
computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for
delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our
analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction
and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following
funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq,
CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC
(China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus);
SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland,
MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF
(Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM
(Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS
(Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and
UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC
(Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR and RAEP
(Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding
Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA
(Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United
Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-
Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant,
contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan
Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science
Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et
dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door
Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium)
under the ”Excellence of Science - EOS” - be.h project n. 30820817; the
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the
Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of
the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional
Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and
Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia
2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and
2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities
Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Severo Ochoa
del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by
EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral
Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its
2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation,
contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

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##  .9 The CMS Collaboration

Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
A.M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Wien, Austria
W. Adam, F. Ambrogi, E. Asilar, T. Bergauer, J. Brandstetter, E. Brondolin, M.
Dragicevic, J. Erö, A. Escalante Del Valle, M. Flechl, R. Frühwirth1, V.M.
Ghete, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler1, N. Krammer, I. Krätschmer, D. Liko, T.
Madlener, I. Mikulec, N. Rad, H. Rohringer, J. Schieck1, R. Schöfbeck, M.
Spanring, D. Spitzbart, A. Taurok, W. Waltenberger, J. Wittmann, C.-E. Wulz1,
M. Zarucki Institute for Nuclear Problems, Minsk, Belarus
V. Chekhovsky, V. Mossolov, J. Suarez Gonzalez Universiteit Antwerpen,
Antwerpen, Belgium
E.A. De Wolf, D. Di Croce, X. Janssen, J. Lauwers, M. Pieters, M. Van De
Klundert, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel Vrije
Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
S. Abu Zeid, F. Blekman, J. D’Hondt, I. De Bruyn, J. De Clercq, K. Deroover,
G. Flouris, D. Lontkovskyi, S. Lowette, I. Marchesini, S. Moortgat, L.
Moreels, Q. Python, K. Skovpen, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders,
I. Van Parijs Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
D. Beghin, B. Bilin, H. Brun, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, H. Delannoy, B.
Dorney, G. Fasanella, L. Favart, R. Goldouzian, A. Grebenyuk, A.K. Kalsi, T.
Lenzi, J. Luetic, N. Postiau, E. Starling, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P.
Vanlaer, D. Vannerom, Q. Wang Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
T. Cornelis, D. Dobur, A. Fagot, M. Gul, I. Khvastunov2, D. Poyraz, C. Roskas,
D. Trocino, M. Tytgat, W. Verbeke, B. Vermassen, M. Vit, N. Zaganidis
Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
H. Bakhshiansohi, O. Bondu, S. Brochet, G. Bruno, C. Caputo, P. David, C.
Delaere, M. Delcourt, B. Francois, A. Giammanco, G. Krintiras, V. Lemaitre, A.
Magitteri, A. Mertens, M. Musich, K. Piotrzkowski, A. Saggio, M. Vidal Marono,
S. Wertz, J. Zobec Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
F.L. Alves, G.A. Alves, L. Brito, G. Correia Silva, C. Hensel, A. Moraes, M.E.
Pol, P. Rebello Teles Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato3, E. Coelho, E.M.
Da Costa, G.G. Da Silveira4, D. De Jesus Damiao, C. De Oliveira Martins, S.
Fonseca De Souza, H. Malbouisson, D. Matos Figueiredo, M. Melo De Almeida, C.
Mora Herrera, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, W.L. Prado Da Silva, L.J. Sanchez Rosas,
A. Santoro, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, E.J. Tonelli Manganote3, F. Torres Da Silva
De Araujo, A. Vilela Pereira Universidade Estadual Paulista a, Universidade
Federal do ABC b, São Paulo, Brazil
S. Ahujaa, C.A. Bernardesa, L. Calligarisa, T.R. Fernandez Perez Tomeia, E.M.
Gregoresb, P.G. Mercadanteb, S.F. Novaesa, SandraS. Padulaa, D. Romero Abadb
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
A. Aleksandrov, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, A. Marinov, M. Misheva, M. Rodozov,
M. Shopova, G. Sultanov University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
A. Dimitrov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov Beihang University, Beijing, China
W. Fang5, X. Gao5, L. Yuan Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
M. Ahmad, J.G. Bian, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, C.H. Jiang, D.
Leggat, H. Liao, Z. Liu, F. Romeo, S.M. Shaheen, A. Spiezia, J. Tao, C. Wang,
Z. Wang, E. Yazgan, H. Zhang, J. Zhao State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics
and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
Y. Ban, G. Chen, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Li, Y. Mao, S.J. Qian, D. Wang, Z. Xu
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Y. Wang Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
C. Avila, A. Cabrera, C.A. Carrillo Montoya, L.F. Chaparro Sierra, C. Florez,
C.F. González Hernández, M.A. Segura Delgado University of Split, Faculty of
Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split,
Croatia
B. Courbon, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, I. Puljak, T. Sculac University of Split,
Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
V. Brigljevic, D. Ferencek, K. Kadija, B. Mesic, A. Starodumov6, T. Susa
University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
M.W. Ather, A. Attikis, G. Mavromanolakis, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos,
P.A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
M. Finger7, M. Finger Jr.7 Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
E. Ayala Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
E. Carrera Jarrin Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab
Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
M.A. Mahmoud8,9, Y. Mohammed8, E. Salama9,10 National Institute of Chemical
Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
S. Bhowmik, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, R.K. Dewanjee, K. Ehataht, M.
Kadastik, M. Raidal, C. Veelken Department of Physics, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
P. Eerola, H. Kirschenmann, J. Pekkanen, M. Voutilainen Helsinki Institute of
Physics, Helsinki, Finland
J. Havukainen, J.K. Heikkilä, T. Järvinen, V. Karimäki, R. Kinnunen, T.
Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Laurila, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, P. Luukka, T.
Mäenpää, H. Siikonen, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi Lappeenranta University of
Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
T. Tuuva IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J.L. Faure, F. Ferri, S.
Ganjour, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, C. Leloup,
E. Locci, J. Malcles, G. Negro, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M.Ö. Sahin, M. Titov
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université
Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
A. Abdulsalam11, C. Amendola, I. Antropov, F. Beaudette, P. Busson, C.
Charlot, R. Granier de Cassagnac, I. Kucher, S. Lisniak, A. Lobanov, J. Martin
Blanco, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, G. Ortona, P. Paganini, P. Pigard, R. Salerno,
J.B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, A.G. Stahl Leiton, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche Université de
Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
J.-L. Agram12, J. Andrea, D. Bloch, J.-M. Brom, E.C. Chabert, V. Cherepanov,
C. Collard, E. Conte12, J.-C. Fontaine12, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach, M. Jansová,
A.-C. Le Bihan, N. Tonon, P. Van Hove Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National
de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne,
France
S. Gadrat Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS-IN2P3,
Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
S. Beauceron, C. Bernet, G. Boudoul, N. Chanon, R. Chierici, D. Contardo, P.
Depasse, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, L. Finco, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, G.
Grenier, B. Ille, F. Lagarde, I.B. Laktineh, H. Lattaud, M. Lethuillier, L.
Mirabito, A.L. Pequegnot, S. Perries, A. Popov13, V. Sordini, M. Vander
Donckt, S. Viret, S. Zhang Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
A. Khvedelidze7 Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Z. Tsamalaidze7 RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen,
Germany
C. Autermann, L. Feld, M.K. Kiesel, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, M. Preuten, M.P.
Rauch, C. Schomakers, J. Schulz, M. Teroerde, B. Wittmer, V. Zhukov13 RWTH
Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
A. Albert, D. Duchardt, M. Endres, M. Erdmann, T. Esch, R. Fischer, S. Ghosh,
A. Güth, T. Hebbeker, C. Heidemann, K. Hoepfner, H. Keller, S. Knutzen, L.
Mastrolorenzo, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, P. Millet, S. Mukherjee, T. Pook, M.
Radziej, H. Reithler, M. Rieger, F. Scheuch, A. Schmidt, D. Teyssier RWTH
Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
G. Flügge, O. Hlushchenko, B. Kargoll, T. Kress, A. Künsken, T. Müller, A.
Nehrkorn, A. Nowack, C. Pistone, O. Pooth, H. Sert, A. Stahl14 Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
M. Aldaya Martin, T. Arndt, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, I. Babounikau, K.
Beernaert, O. Behnke, U. Behrens, A. Bermúdez Martínez, D. Bertsche, A.A. Bin
Anuar, K. Borras15, V. Botta, A. Campbell, P. Connor, C. Contreras-Campana, F.
Costanza, V. Danilov, A. De Wit, M.M. Defranchis, C. Diez Pardos, D. Domínguez
Damiani, G. Eckerlin, T. Eichhorn, A. Elwood, E. Eren, E. Gallo16, A. Geiser,
J.M. Grados Luyando, A. Grohsjean, P. Gunnellini, M. Guthoff, A. Harb, J.
Hauk, H. Jung, M. Kasemann, J. Keaveney, C. Kleinwort, J. Knolle, D. Krücker,
W. Lange, A. Lelek, T. Lenz, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann17, R. Mankel, I.-A. Melzer-
Pellmann, A.B. Meyer, M. Meyer, M. Missiroli, G. Mittag, J. Mnich, V.
Myronenko, S.K. Pflitsch, D. Pitzl, A. Raspereza, M. Savitskyi, P. Saxena, P.
Schütze, C. Schwanenberger, R. Shevchenko, A. Singh, N. Stefaniuk, H. Tholen,
A. Vagnerini, G.P. Van Onsem, R. Walsh, Y. Wen, K. Wichmann, C. Wissing, O.
Zenaiev University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
R. Aggleton, S. Bein, A. Benecke, V. Blobel, M. Centis Vignali, T. Dreyer, E.
Garutti, D. Gonzalez, J. Haller, A. Hinzmann, M. Hoffmann, A. Karavdina, G.
Kasieczka, R. Klanner, R. Kogler, N. Kovalchuk, S. Kurz, V. Kutzner, J. Lange,
D. Marconi, J. Multhaup, M. Niedziela, D. Nowatschin, A. Perieanu, A. Reimers,
O. Rieger, C. Scharf, P. Schleper, S. Schumann, J. Schwandt, J. Sonneveld, H.
Stadie, G. Steinbrück, F.M. Stober, M. Stöver, D. Troendle, E. Usai, A.
Vanhoefer, B. Vormwald Karlsruher Institut fuer Technology
M. Akbiyik, C. Barth, M. Baselga, S. Baur, E. Butz, R. Caspart, T. Chwalek, F.
Colombo, W. De Boer, A. Dierlamm, N. Faltermann, B. Freund, M. Giffels, M.A.
Harrendorf, F. Hartmann14, S.M. Heindl, U. Husemann, F. Kassel14, I. Katkov13,
S. Kudella, H. Mildner, S. Mitra, M.U. Mozer, Th. Müller, M. Plagge, G. Quast,
K. Rabbertz, M. Schröder, I. Shvetsov, G. Sieber, H.J. Simonis, R. Ulrich, S.
Wayand, M. Weber, T. Weiler, S. Williamson, C. Wöhrmann, R. Wolf Institute of
Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
G. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, G.
Paspalaki, I. Topsis-Giotis National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,
Athens, Greece
G. Karathanasis, S. Kesisoglou, P. Kontaxakis, A. Panagiotou, N. Saoulidou, E.
Tziaferi, K. Vellidis National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
K. Kousouris, I. Papakrivopoulos, G. Tsipolitis University of Ioánnina,
Ioánnina, Greece
I. Evangelou, C. Foudas, P. Gianneios, P. Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, S. Mallios, N.
Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, E. Paradas, J. Strologas, F.A. Triantis, D.
Tsitsonis MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös
Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
M. Csanad, N. Filipovic, P. Major, M.I. Nagy, G. Pasztor, O. Surányi, G.I.
Veres Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
G. Bencze, C. Hajdu, D. Horvath18, Á. Hunyadi, F. Sikler, T.Á. Vámi, V.
Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi${}^{\textrm{\textdagger}}$ Institute of Nuclear
Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
N. Beni, S. Czellar, J. Karancsi20, A. Makovec, J. Molnar, Z. Szillasi
Institute of Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
M. Bartók19, P. Raics, Z.L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari Indian Institute of Science
(IISc), Bangalore, India
S. Choudhury, J.R. Komaragiri National Institute of Science Education and
Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
S. Bahinipati21, P. Mal, K. Mandal, A. Nayak22, D.K. Sahoo21, S.K. Swain
Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
S. Bansal, S.B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, S. Chauhan, R. Chawla, N. Dhingra, R.
Gupta, A. Kaur, A. Kaur, M. Kaur, S. Kaur, R. Kumar, P. Kumari, M. Lohan, A.
Mehta, K. Sandeep, S. Sharma, J.B. Singh, G. Walia University of Delhi, Delhi,
India
A. Bhardwaj, B.C. Choudhary, R.B. Garg, M. Gola, S. Keshri, Ashok Kumar, S.
Malhotra, M. Naimuddin, P. Priyanka, K. Ranjan, Aashaq Shah, R. Sharma Saha
Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
R. Bhardwaj23, M. Bharti, R. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, U. Bhawandeep23,
D. Bhowmik, S. Dey, S. Dutt23, S. Dutta, S. Ghosh, K. Mondal, S. Nandan, A.
Purohit, P.K. Rout, A. Roy, S. Roy Chowdhury, S. Sarkar, M. Sharan, B. Singh,
S. Thakur23 Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Madras, India
P.K. Behera Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
R. Chudasama, D. Dutta, V. Jha, V. Kumar, P.K. Netrakanti, L.M. Pant, P.
Shukla Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-A, Mumbai, India
T. Aziz, M.A. Bhat, S. Dugad, B. Mahakud, G.B. Mohanty, N. Sur, B. Sutar,
RavindraKumar Verma Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-B, Mumbai, India
S. Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, P. Das, M. Guchait, Sa. Jain, S.
Kumar, M. Maity24, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, N. Sahoo, T. Sarkar24 Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
S. Chauhan, S. Dube, V. Hegde, A. Kapoor, K. Kothekar, S. Pandey, A. Rane, S.
Sharma Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
S. Chenarani25, E. Eskandari Tadavani, S.M. Etesami25, M. Khakzad, M.
Mohammadi Najafabadi, M. Naseri, F. Rezaei Hosseinabadi, B. Safarzadeh26, M.
Zeinali University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
M. Felcini, M. Grunewald INFN Sezione di Bari a, Università di Bari b,
Politecnico di Bari c, Bari, Italy
M. Abbresciaa,b, C. Calabriaa,b, A. Colaleoa, D. Creanzaa,c, L. Cristellaa,b,
N. De Filippisa,c, M. De Palmaa,b, A. Di Florioa,b, F. Erricoa,b, L. Fiorea,
A. Gelmia,b, G. Iasellia,c, S. Lezkia,b, G. Maggia,c, M. Maggia, G.
Minielloa,b, S. Mya,b, S. Nuzzoa,b, A. Pompilia,b, G. Pugliesea,c, R.
Radognaa, A. Ranieria, G. Selvaggia,b, A. Sharmaa, L. Silvestrisa,14, R.
Vendittia, P. Verwilligena, G. Zitoa INFN Sezione di Bologna a, Università di
Bologna b, Bologna, Italy
G. Abbiendia, C. Battilanaa,b, D. Bonacorsia,b, L. Borgonovia,b, S. Braibant-
Giacomellia,b, L. Brigliadoria,b, R. Campaninia,b, P. Capiluppia,b, A.
Castroa,b, F.R. Cavalloa, S.S. Chhibraa,b, G. Codispotia,b, M. Cuffiania,b,
G.M. Dallavallea, F. Fabbria, A. Fanfania,b, P. Giacomellia, C. Grandia, L.
Guiduccia,b, S. Marcellinia, G. Masettia, A. Montanaria, F.L. Navarriaa,b, A.
Perrottaa, A.M. Rossia,b, T. Rovellia,b, G.P. Sirolia,b, N. Tosia INFN Sezione
di Catania a, Università di Catania b, Catania, Italy
S. Albergoa,b, A. Di Mattiaa, R. Potenzaa,b, A. Tricomia,b, C. Tuvea,b INFN
Sezione di Firenze a, Università di Firenze b, Firenze, Italy
G. Barbaglia, K. Chatterjeea,b, V. Ciullia,b, C. Civininia, R.
D’Alessandroa,b, E. Focardia,b, G. Latino, P. Lenzia,b, M. Meschinia, S.
Paolettia, L. Russoa,27, G. Sguazzonia, D. Stroma, L. Viliania INFN Laboratori
Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
L. Benussi, S. Bianco, F. Fabbri, D. Piccolo, F. Primavera14 INFN Sezione di
Genova a, Università di Genova b, Genova, Italy
F. Ferroa, F. Raveraa,b, E. Robuttia, S. Tosia,b INFN Sezione di Milano-
Bicocca a, Università di Milano-Bicocca b, Milano, Italy
A. Benagliaa, A. Beschib, L. Brianzaa,b, F. Brivioa,b, V. Cirioloa,b,14, S. Di
Guidaa,d,14, M.E. Dinardoa,b, S. Fiorendia,b, S. Gennaia, A. Ghezzia,b, P.
Govonia,b, M. Malbertia,b, S. Malvezzia, R.A. Manzonia,b, A. Massironia,b, D.
Menascea, L. Moronia, M. Paganonia,b, D. Pedrinia, S. Ragazzia,b, T. Tabarelli
de Fatisa,b INFN Sezione di Napoli a, Università di Napoli ’Federico II’ b,
Napoli, Italy, Università della Basilicata c, Potenza, Italy, Università G.
Marconi d, Roma, Italy
S. Buontempoa, N. Cavalloa,c, A. Di Crescenzoa,b, F. Fabozzia,c, F. Fiengaa,b,
G. Galatia,b, A.O.M. Iorioa,b, W.A. Khana, L. Listaa, S. Meolaa,d,14, P.
Paoluccia,14, C. Sciaccaa,b, E. Voevodinaa,b INFN Sezione di Padova a,
Università di Padova b, Padova, Italy, Università di Trento c, Trento, Italy
P. Azzia, N. Bacchettaa, L. Benatoa,b, A. Bolettia,b, A. Bragagnolo, R.
Carlina,b, P. Checchiaa, M. Dall’Ossoa,b, P. De Castro Manzanoa, T. Dorigoa,
F. Gasparinia,b, U. Gasparinia,b, A. Gozzelinoa, S. Lacapraraa, P. Lujan, M.
Margonia,b, A.T. Meneguzzoa,b, N. Pozzobona,b, P. Ronchesea,b, R. Rossina,b,
F. Simonettoa,b, A. Tiko, E. Torassaa, S. Venturaa, M. Zanettia,b, P.
Zottoa,b, G. Zumerlea,b INFN Sezione di Pavia a, Università di Pavia b, Pavia,
Italy
A. Braghieria, A. Magnania, P. Montagnaa,b, S.P. Rattia,b, V. Rea, M.
Ressegottia,b, C. Riccardia,b, P. Salvinia, I. Vaia,b, P. Vituloa,b INFN
Sezione di Perugia a, Università di Perugia b, Perugia, Italy
L. Alunni Solestizia,b, M. Biasinia,b, G.M. Bileia, C. Cecchia,b, D.
Ciangottinia,b, L. Fanòa,b, P. Laricciaa,b, E. Manonia, G. Mantovania,b, V.
Mariania,b, M. Menichellia, A. Rossia,b, A. Santocchiaa,b, D. Spigaa INFN
Sezione di Pisa a, Università di Pisa b, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa c,
Pisa, Italy
K. Androsova, P. Azzurria, G. Bagliesia, L. Bianchinia, T. Boccalia, L.
Borrello, R. Castaldia, M.A. Cioccia,b, R. Dell’Orsoa, G. Fedia, L.
Gianninia,c, A. Giassia, M.T. Grippoa, F. Ligabuea,c, E. Mancaa,c, G.
Mandorlia,c, A. Messineoa,b, F. Pallaa, A. Rizzia,b, P. Spagnoloa, R.
Tenchinia, G. Tonellia,b, A. Venturia, P.G. Verdinia INFN Sezione di Roma a,
Sapienza Università di Roma b, Rome, Italy
L. Baronea,b, F. Cavallaria, M. Cipriania,b, N. Dacia, D. Del Rea,b, E. Di
Marcoa,b, M. Diemoza, S. Gellia,b, E. Longoa,b, B. Marzocchia,b, P.
Meridiania, G. Organtinia,b, F. Pandolfia, R. Paramattia,b, F. Preiatoa,b, S.
Rahatloua,b, C. Rovellia, F. Santanastasioa,b INFN Sezione di Torino a,
Università di Torino b, Torino, Italy, Università del Piemonte Orientale c,
Novara, Italy
N. Amapanea,b, R. Arcidiaconoa,c, S. Argiroa,b, M. Arneodoa,c, N. Bartosika,
R. Bellana,b, C. Biinoa, N. Cartigliaa, F. Cennaa,b, M. Costaa,b, R.
Covarellia,b, N. Demariaa, B. Kiania,b, C. Mariottia, S. Masellia, E.
Migliorea,b, V. Monacoa,b, E. Monteila,b, M. Montenoa, M.M. Obertinoa,b, L.
Pachera,b, N. Pastronea, M. Pelliccionia, G.L. Pinna Angionia,b, A. Romeroa,b,
M. Ruspaa,c, R. Sacchia,b, K. Shchelinaa,b, V. Solaa, A. Solanoa,b, A.
Staianoa INFN Sezione di Trieste a, Università di Trieste b, Trieste, Italy
S. Belfortea, V. Candelisea,b, M. Casarsaa, F. Cossuttia, G. Della Riccaa,b,
F. Vazzolera,b, A. Zanettia Kyungpook National University
D.H. Kim, G.N. Kim, M.S. Kim, J. Lee, S. Lee, S.W. Lee, C.S. Moon, Y.D. Oh, S.
Sekmen, D.C. Son, Y.C. Yang Chonnam National University, Institute for
Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea
H. Kim, D.H. Moon, G. Oh Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
J. Goh, T.J. Kim Korea University, Seoul, Korea
S. Cho, S. Choi, Y. Go, D. Gyun, S. Ha, B. Hong, Y. Jo, K. Lee, K.S. Lee, S.
Lee, J. Lim, S.K. Park, Y. Roh Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
H.S. Kim Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
J. Almond, J. Kim, J.S. Kim, H. Lee, K. Lee, K. Nam, S.B. Oh, B.C. Radburn-
Smith, S.h. Seo, U.K. Yang, H.D. Yoo, G.B. Yu University of Seoul, Seoul,
Korea
H. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.S.H. Lee, I.C. Park Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
Y. Choi, C. Hwang, J. Lee, I. Yu Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
V. Dudenas, A. Juodagalvis, J. Vaitkus National Centre for Particle Physics,
Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
I. Ahmed, Z.A. Ibrahim, M.A.B. Md Ali28, F. Mohamad Idris29, W.A.T. Wan
Abdullah, M.N. Yusli, Z. Zolkapli Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios
Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
H. Castilla-Valdez, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, M.C. Duran-Osuna, I. Heredia-De La
Cruz30, R. Lopez-Fernandez, J. Mejia Guisao, R.I. Rabadan-Trejo, G. Ramirez-
Sanchez, R Reyes-Almanza, A. Sanchez-Hernandez Universidad Iberoamericana,
Mexico City, Mexico
S. Carrillo Moreno, C. Oropeza Barrera, F. Vazquez Valencia Benemerita
Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
J. Eysermans, I. Pedraza, H.A. Salazar Ibarguen, C. Uribe Estrada Universidad
Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
A. Morelos Pineda University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
D. Krofcheck University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
S. Bheesette, P.H. Butler National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam
University, Islamabad, Pakistan
A. Ahmad, M. Ahmad, M.I. Asghar, Q. Hassan, H.R. Hoorani, A. Saddique, M.A.
Shah, M. Shoaib, M. Waqas National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk, Poland
H. Bialkowska, M. Bluj, B. Boimska, T. Frueboes, M. Górski, M. Kazana, K.
Nawrocki, M. Szleper, P. Traczyk, P. Zalewski Institute of Experimental
Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
K. Bunkowski, A. Byszuk31, K. Doroba, A. Kalinowski, M. Konecki, J.
Krolikowski, M. Misiura, M. Olszewski, A. Pyskir, M. Walczak Laboratório de
Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa, Portugal
P. Bargassa, C. Beirão Da Cruz E Silva, A. Di Francesco, P. Faccioli, B.
Galinhas, M. Gallinaro, J. Hollar, N. Leonardo, L. Lloret Iglesias, M.V.
Nemallapudi, J. Seixas, G. Strong, O. Toldaiev, D. Vadruccio, J. Varela Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
A. Baginyan, I. Golutvin, V. Karjavin, I. Kashunin, V. Korenkov, G. Kozlov, A.
Lanev, A. Malakhov, V. Matveev32,33, P. Moisenz, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, S.
Shmatov, N. Skatchkov, V. Smirnov, V. Trofimov, B.S. Yuldashev34, A. Zarubin,
V. Zhiltsov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (St. Petersburg),
Russia
V. Golovtsov, Y. Ivanov, V. Kim35, E. Kuznetsova36, P. Levchenko, V. Murzin,
V. Oreshkin, I. Smirnov, D. Sosnov, V. Sulimov, L. Uvarov, S. Vavilov, A.
Vorobyev Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
Yu. Andreev, A. Dermenev, S. Gninenko, N. Golubev, A. Karneyeu, M. Kirsanov,
N. Krasnikov, A. Pashenkov, D. Tlisov, A. Toropin Institute for Theoretical
and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
V. Epshteyn, V. Gavrilov, N. Lychkovskaya, V. Popov, I. Pozdnyakov, G.
Safronov, A. Spiridonov, A. Stepennov, V. Stolin, M. Toms, E. Vlasov, A.
Zhokin Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
T. Aushev, A. Bylinkin33 National Research Nuclear University ’Moscow
Engineering Physics Institute’ (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
R. Chistov37, P. Parygin, D. Philippov, S. Polikarpov, E. Popova, E.
Tarkovskii, E. Zhemchugov P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
V. Andreev, M. Azarkin33, I. Dremin33, M. Kirakosyan33, S.V. Rusakov, A.
Terkulov Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Moscow, Russia
A. Baskakov, A. Belyaev, E. Boos, A. Ershov, A. Gribushin, L. Khein, V.
Klyukhin, O. Kodolova, I. Lokhtin, O. Lukina, I. Miagkov, S. Obraztsov, S.
Petrushanko, V. Savrin, A. Snigirev Novosibirsk State University (NSU),
Novosibirsk, Russia
V. Blinov38, T. Dimova38, L. Kardapoltsev38, D. Shtol38, Y. Skovpen38 State
Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics of
NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Protvino, Russia
I. Azhgirey, I. Bayshev, S. Bitioukov, D. Elumakhov, A. Godizov, V. Kachanov,
A. Kalinin, D. Konstantinov, P. Mandrik, V. Petrov, R. Ryutin, S.
Slabospitskii, A. Sobol, S. Troshin, N. Tyurin, A. Uzunian, A. Volkov National
Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
A. Babaev University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
P. Adzic39, P. Cirkovic, D. Devetak, M. Dordevic, J. Milosevic Centro de
Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid,
Spain
J. Alcaraz Maestre, A. Álvarez Fernández, I. Bachiller, M. Barrio Luna, J.A.
Brochero Cifuentes, M. Cerrada, N. Colino, B. De La Cruz, A. Delgado Peris, C.
Fernandez Bedoya, J.P. Fernández Ramos, J. Flix, M.C. Fouz, O. Gonzalez Lopez,
S. Goy Lopez, J.M. Hernandez, M.I. Josa, D. Moran, A. Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo,
J. Puerta Pelayo, I. Redondo, L. Romero, M.S. Soares, A. Triossi Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
C. Albajar, J.F. de Trocóniz Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
J. Cuevas, C. Erice, J. Fernandez Menendez, S. Folgueras, I. Gonzalez
Caballero, J.R. González Fernández, E. Palencia Cortezon, V. Rodríguez Bouza,
S. Sanchez Cruz, P. Vischia, J.M. Vizan Garcia Instituto de Física de
Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
I.J. Cabrillo, A. Calderon, B. Chazin Quero, J. Duarte Campderros, M.
Fernandez, P.J. Fernández Manteca, A. García Alonso, J. Garcia-Ferrero, G.
Gomez, A. Lopez Virto, J. Marco, C. Martinez Rivero, P. Martinez Ruiz del
Arbol, F. Matorras, J. Piedra Gomez, C. Prieels, T. Rodrigo, A. Ruiz-Jimeno,
L. Scodellaro, N. Trevisani, I. Vila, R. Vilar Cortabitarte CERN, European
Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Abbaneo, B. Akgun, E. Auffray, P. Baillon, A.H. Ball, D. Barney, J.
Bendavid, M. Bianco, A. Bocci, C. Botta, T. Camporesi, M. Cepeda, G.
Cerminara, E. Chapon, Y. Chen, G. Cucciati, D. d’Enterria, A. Dabrowski, V.
Daponte, A. David, A. De Roeck, N. Deelen, M. Dobson, T. du Pree, M. Dünser,
N. Dupont, A. Elliott-Peisert, P. Everaerts, F. Fallavollita40, D. Fasanella,
G. Franzoni, J. Fulcher, W. Funk, D. Gigi, A. Gilbert, K. Gill, F. Glege, D.
Gulhan, J. Hegeman, V. Innocente, A. Jafari, P. Janot, O. Karacheban17, J.
Kieseler, V. Knünz, A. Kornmayer, M. Krammer1, C. Lange, P. Lecoq, C.
Lourenço, L. Malgeri, M. Mannelli, F. Meijers, J.A. Merlin, S. Mersi, E.
Meschi, P. Milenovic41, F. Moortgat, M. Mulders, H. Neugebauer, J. Ngadiuba,
S. Orfanelli, L. Orsini, F. Pantaleo14, L. Pape, E. Perez, M. Peruzzi, A.
Petrilli, G. Petrucciani, A. Pfeiffer, M. Pierini, F.M. Pitters, D. Rabady, A.
Racz, T. Reis, G. Rolandi42, M. Rovere, H. Sakulin, C. Schäfer, C. Schwick, M.
Seidel, M. Selvaggi, A. Sharma, P. Silva, P. Sphicas43, A. Stakia, J.
Steggemann, M. Tosi, D. Treille, A. Tsirou, V. Veckalns44, M. Verweij, W.D.
Zeuner Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
W. Bertl${}^{\textrm{\textdagger}}$, L. Caminada45, K. Deiters, W. Erdmann, R.
Horisberger, Q. Ingram, H.C. Kaestli, D. Kotlinski, U. Langenegger, T. Rohe,
S.A. Wiederkehr ETH Zurich - Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics
(IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
M. Backhaus, L. Bäni, P. Berger, N. Chernyavskaya, G. Dissertori, M. Dittmar,
M. Donegà, C. Dorfer, C. Grab, C. Heidegger, D. Hits, J. Hoss, T. Klijnsma, W.
Lustermann, M. Marionneau, M.T. Meinhard, D. Meister, F. Micheli, P. Musella,
F. Nessi-Tedaldi, J. Pata, F. Pauss, G. Perrin, L. Perrozzi, S. Pigazzini, M.
Quittnat, M. Reichmann, D. Ruini, D.A. Sanz Becerra, M. Schönenberger, L.
Shchutska, V.R. Tavolaro, K. Theofilatos, M.L. Vesterbacka Olsson, R. Wallny,
D.H. Zhu Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
T.K. Aarrestad, C. Amsler46, D. Brzhechko, M.F. Canelli, A. De Cosa, R. Del
Burgo, S. Donato, C. Galloni, T. Hreus, B. Kilminster, I. Neutelings, D.
Pinna, G. Rauco, P. Robmann, D. Salerno, K. Schweiger, C. Seitz, Y. Takahashi,
A. Zucchetta National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
Y.H. Chang, K.y. Cheng, T.H. Doan, Sh. Jain, R. Khurana, C.M. Kuo, W. Lin, A.
Pozdnyakov, S.S. Yu National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
P. Chang, Y. Chao, K.F. Chen, P.H. Chen, W.-S. Hou, Arun Kumar, Y.y. Li, R.-S.
Lu, E. Paganis, A. Psallidas, A. Steen, J.f. Tsai Chulalongkorn University,
Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Bangkok, Thailand
B. Asavapibhop, N. Srimanobhas, N. Suwonjandee Çukurova University, Physics
Department, Science and Art Faculty, Adana, Turkey
A. Bat, F. Boran, S. Cerci47, S. Damarseckin, Z.S. Demiroglu, C. Dozen, E.
Eskut, S. Girgis, G. Gokbulut, Y. Guler, E. Gurpinar, I. Hos48, E.E. Kangal49,
O. Kara, U. Kiminsu, M. Oglakci, G. Onengut, K. Ozdemir50, S. Ozturk51, D.
Sunar Cerci47, B. Tali47, U.G. Tok, H. Topakli51, S. Turkcapar, I.S. Zorbakir,
C. Zorbilmez Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara,
Turkey
B. Isildak52, G. Karapinar53, M. Yalvac, M. Zeyrek Bogazici University,
Istanbul, Turkey
I.O. Atakisi, E. Gülmez, M. Kaya54, O. Kaya55, S. Tekten, E.A. Yetkin56
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
M.N. Agaras, S. Atay, A. Cakir, K. Cankocak, Y. Komurcu, S. Sen57 Institute
for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of Ukraine,
Kharkov, Ukraine
B. Grynyov National Scientific Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and
Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine
L. Levchuk University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
T. Alexander, F. Ball, L. Beck, J.J. Brooke, D. Burns, E. Clement, D. Cussans,
O. Davignon, H. Flacher, J. Goldstein, G.P. Heath, H.F. Heath, L. Kreczko,
D.M. Newbold58, S. Paramesvaran, B. Penning, T. Sakuma, D. Smith, V.J. Smith,
J. Taylor Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
K.W. Bell, A. Belyaev59, C. Brew, R.M. Brown, D. Cieri, D.J.A. Cockerill, J.A.
Coughlan, K. Harder, S. Harper, J. Linacre, E. Olaiya, D. Petyt, C.H.
Shepherd-Themistocleous, A. Thea, I.R. Tomalin, T. Williams, W.J. Womersley
Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
G. Auzinger, R. Bainbridge, P. Bloch, J. Borg, S. Breeze, O. Buchmuller, A.
Bundock, S. Casasso, D. Colling, L. Corpe, P. Dauncey, G. Davies, M. Della
Negra, R. Di Maria, Y. Haddad, G. Hall, G. Iles, T. James, M. Komm, C. Laner,
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Palladino, M. Pesaresi, A. Richards, A. Rose, E. Scott, C. Seez, A.
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Uchida, T. Virdee14, N. Wardle, D. Winterbottom, J. Wright, S.C. Zenz Brunel
University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
J.E. Cole, P.R. Hobson, A. Khan, P. Kyberd, C.K. Mackay, A. Morton, I.D. Reid,
L. Teodorescu, S. Zahid Baylor University, Waco, USA
K. Call, J. Dittmann, K. Hatakeyama, H. Liu, C. Madrid, B. Mcmaster, N.
Pastika, C. Smith Catholic University of America, Washington DC, USA
R. Bartek, A. Dominguez The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
A. Buccilli, S.I. Cooper, C. Henderson, P. Rumerio, C. West Boston University,
Boston, USA
D. Arcaro, T. Bose, D. Gastler, D. Rankin, C. Richardson, J. Rohlf, L. Sulak,
D. Zou Brown University, Providence, USA
G. Benelli, X. Coubez, D. Cutts, M. Hadley, J. Hakala, U. Heintz, J.M.
Hogan61, K.H.M. Kwok, E. Laird, G. Landsberg, J. Lee, Z. Mao, M. Narain, J.
Pazzini, S. Piperov, S. Sagir62, R. Syarif, D. Yu University of California,
Davis, Davis, USA
R. Band, C. Brainerd, R. Breedon, D. Burns, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez,
M. Chertok, J. Conway, R. Conway, P.T. Cox, R. Erbacher, C. Flores, G. Funk,
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Shalhout, M. Shi, D. Stolp, D. Taylor, K. Tos, M. Tripathi, Z. Wang, F. Zhang
University of California, Los Angeles, USA
M. Bachtis, C. Bravo, R. Cousins, A. Dasgupta, A. Florent, J. Hauser, M.
Ignatenko, N. Mccoll, S. Regnard, D. Saltzberg, C. Schnaible, V. Valuev
University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA
E. Bouvier, K. Burt, R. Clare, J.W. Gary, S.M.A. Ghiasi Shirazi, G. Hanson, G.
Karapostoli, E. Kennedy, F. Lacroix, O.R. Long, M. Olmedo Negrete, M.I.
Paneva, W. Si, L. Wang, H. Wei, S. Wimpenny, B.R. Yates University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
J.G. Branson, S. Cittolin, M. Derdzinski, R. Gerosa, D. Gilbert, B. Hashemi,
A. Holzner, D. Klein, G. Kole, V. Krutelyov, J. Letts, M. Masciovecchio, D.
Olivito, S. Padhi, M. Pieri, M. Sani, V. Sharma, S. Simon, M. Tadel, A.
Vartak, S. Wasserbaech63, J. Wood, F. Würthwein, A. Yagil, G. Zevi Della Porta
University of California, Santa Barbara - Department of Physics, Santa
Barbara, USA
N. Amin, R. Bhandari, J. Bradmiller-Feld, C. Campagnari, M. Citron, A. Dishaw,
V. Dutta, M. Franco Sevilla, L. Gouskos, R. Heller, J. Incandela, A.
Ovcharova, H. Qu, J. Richman, D. Stuart, I. Suarez, S. Wang, J. Yoo California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
D. Anderson, A. Bornheim, J. Bunn, J.M. Lawhorn, H.B. Newman, T.Q. Nguyen, M.
Spiropulu, J.R. Vlimant, R. Wilkinson, S. Xie, Z. Zhang, R.Y. Zhu Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA
M.B. Andrews, T. Ferguson, T. Mudholkar, M. Paulini, M. Sun, I. Vorobiev, M.
Weinberg University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
J.P. Cumalat, W.T. Ford, F. Jensen, A. Johnson, M. Krohn, S. Leontsinis, E.
MacDonald, T. Mulholland, K. Stenson, K.A. Ulmer, S.R. Wagner Cornell
University, Ithaca, USA
J. Alexander, J. Chaves, Y. Cheng, J. Chu, A. Datta, K. Mcdermott, N. Mirman,
J.R. Patterson, D. Quach, A. Rinkevicius, A. Ryd, L. Skinnari, L. Soffi, S.M.
Tan, Z. Tao, J. Thom, J. Tucker, P. Wittich, M. Zientek Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, USA
S. Abdullin, M. Albrow, M. Alyari, G. Apollinari, A. Apresyan, A. Apyan, S.
Banerjee, L.A.T. Bauerdick, A. Beretvas, J. Berryhill, P.C. Bhat, G.
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Savoy-Navarro64, B. Schneider, E. Sexton-Kennedy, A. Soha, W.J. Spalding, L.
Spiegel, S. Stoynev, J. Strait, N. Strobbe, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, N.V. Tran,
L. Uplegger, E.W. Vaandering, C. Vernieri, M. Verzocchi, R. Vidal, M. Wang,
H.A. Weber, A. Whitbeck University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
D. Acosta, P. Avery, P. Bortignon, D. Bourilkov, A. Brinkerhoff, L. Cadamuro,
A. Carnes, M. Carver, D. Curry, R.D. Field, S.V. Gleyzer, B.M. Joshi, J.
Konigsberg, A. Korytov, P. Ma, K. Matchev, H. Mei, G. Mitselmakher, K. Shi, D.
Sperka, J. Wang, S. Wang Florida International University, Miami, USA
Y.R. Joshi, S. Linn Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
A. Ackert, T. Adams, A. Askew, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, K.F. Johnson, T.
Kolberg, G. Martinez, T. Perry, H. Prosper, A. Saha, A. Santra, V. Sharma, R.
Yohay Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA
M.M. Baarmand, V. Bhopatkar, S. Colafranceschi, M. Hohlmann, D. Noonan, M.
Rahmani, T. Roy, F. Yumiceva University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago,
USA
M.R. Adams, L. Apanasevich, D. Berry, R.R. Betts, R. Cavanaugh, X. Chen, S.
Dittmer, O. Evdokimov, C.E. Gerber, D.A. Hangal, D.J. Hofman, K. Jung, J.
Kamin, C. Mills, I.D. Sandoval Gonzalez, M.B. Tonjes, N. Varelas, H. Wang, Z.
Wu, J. Zhang The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
M. Alhusseini, B. Bilki65, W. Clarida, K. Dilsiz66, S. Durgut, R.P.
Gandrajula, M. Haytmyradov, V. Khristenko, J.-P. Merlo, A. Mestvirishvili, A.
Moeller, J. Nachtman, H. Ogul67, Y. Onel, F. Ozok68, A. Penzo, C. Snyder, E.
Tiras, J. Wetzel Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
B. Blumenfeld, A. Cocoros, N. Eminizer, D. Fehling, L. Feng, A.V. Gritsan,
W.T. Hung, P. Maksimovic, J. Roskes, U. Sarica, M. Swartz, M. Xiao, C. You The
University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
A. Al-bataineh, P. Baringer, A. Bean, S. Boren, J. Bowen, J. Castle, S.
Khalil, A. Kropivnitskaya, D. Majumder, W. Mcbrayer, M. Murray, C. Rogan, S.
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Manhattan, USA
A. Ivanov, K. Kaadze, D. Kim, Y. Maravin, D.R. Mendis, T. Mitchell, A. Modak,
A. Mohammadi, L.K. Saini, N. Skhirtladze Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, Livermore, USA
F. Rebassoo, D. Wright University of Maryland, College Park, USA
A. Baden, O. Baron, A. Belloni, S.C. Eno, Y. Feng, C. Ferraioli, N.J. Hadley,
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Y.H. Shin, A. Skuja, S.C. Tonwar, K. Wong Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, USA
D. Abercrombie, B. Allen, V. Azzolini, R. Barbieri, A. Baty, G. Bauer, R. Bi,
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Wyslouch, S. Zhaozhong University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
A.C. Benvenuti, R.M. Chatterjee, A. Evans, P. Hansen, S. Kalafut, Y. Kubota,
Z. Lesko, J. Mans, S. Nourbakhsh, N. Ruckstuhl, R. Rusack, J. Turkewitz, M.A.
Wadud University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA
J.G. Acosta, S. Oliveros University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
E. Avdeeva, K. Bloom, D.R. Claes, C. Fangmeier, F. Golf, R. Gonzalez Suarez,
R. Kamalieddin, I. Kravchenko, J. Monroy, J.E. Siado, G.R. Snow, B. Stieger
State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
A. Godshalk, C. Harrington, I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, D. Nguyen, A. Parker,
S. Rappoccio, B. Roozbahani Northeastern University, Boston, USA
G. Alverson, E. Barberis, C. Freer, A. Hortiangtham, D.M. Morse, T. Orimoto,
R. Teixeira De Lima, T. Wamorkar, B. Wang, A. Wisecarver, D. Wood Northwestern
University, Evanston, USA
S. Bhattacharya, O. Charaf, K.A. Hahn, N. Mucia, N. Odell, M.H. Schmitt, K.
Sung, M. Trovato, M. Velasco University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
R. Bucci, N. Dev, M. Hildreth, K. Hurtado Anampa, C. Jessop, D.J. Karmgard, N.
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Taroni, M. Wayne, A. Wightman, M. Wolf, A. Woodard The Ohio State University,
Columbus, USA
J. Alimena, L. Antonelli, B. Bylsma, L.S. Durkin, S. Flowers, B. Francis, A.
Hart, C. Hill, W. Ji, T.Y. Ling, W. Luo, B.L. Winer, H.W. Wulsin Princeton
University, Princeton, USA
S. Cooperstein, P. Elmer, J. Hardenbrook, P. Hebda, S. Higginbotham, A.
Kalogeropoulos, D. Lange, M.T. Lucchini, J. Luo, D. Marlow, K. Mei, I. Ojalvo,
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University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, USA
S. Malik, S. Norberg Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
A. Barker, V.E. Barnes, S. Das, L. Gutay, M. Jones, A.W. Jung, A. Khatiwada,
D.H. Miller, N. Neumeister, C.C. Peng, H. Qiu, J.F. Schulte, J. Sun, F. Wang,
R. Xiao, W. Xie Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, USA
T. Cheng, J. Dolen, N. Parashar Rice University, Houston, USA
Z. Chen, K.M. Ecklund, S. Freed, F.J.M. Geurts, M. Guilbaud, M. Kilpatrick, W.
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A. Bodek, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, Y.t. Duh, J.L. Dulemba, C. Fallon, T.
Ferbel, M. Galanti, A. Garcia-Bellido, J. Han, O. Hindrichs, A.
Khukhunaishvili, K.H. Lo, P. Tan, R. Taus, M. Verzetti Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
A. Agapitos, J.P. Chou, Y. Gershtein, T.A. Gómez Espinosa, E. Halkiadakis, M.
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Sheffield, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. Thomas, P. Thomassen, M. Walker
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
A.G. Delannoy, J. Heideman, G. Riley, K. Rose, S. Spanier, K. Thapa Texas A&M
University, College Station, USA
O. Bouhali69, A. Castaneda Hernandez69, A. Celik, M. Dalchenko, M. De Mattia,
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Safonov, A. Tatarinov Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, F. De Guio, P.R. Dudero, S. Kunori, K. Lamichhane,
S.W. Lee, T. Mengke, S. Muthumuni, T. Peltola, S. Undleeb, I. Volobouev, Z.
Wang Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
S. Greene, A. Gurrola, R. Janjam, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, H. Ni, K.
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of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
M.W. Arenton, P. Barria, B. Cox, R. Hirosky, M. Joyce, A. Ledovskoy, H. Li, C.
Neu, T. Sinthuprasith, Y. Wang, E. Wolfe, F. Xia Wayne State University,
Detroit, USA
R. Harr, P.E. Karchin, N. Poudyal, J. Sturdy, P. Thapa, S. Zaleski University
of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
M. Brodski, J. Buchanan, C. Caillol, D. Carlsmith, S. Dasu, L. Dodd, S. Duric,
B. Gomber, M. Grothe, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, U. Hussain, P. Klabbers, A.
Lanaro, A. Levine, K. Long, R. Loveless, T. Ruggles, A. Savin, N. Smith, W.H.
Smith, N. Woods †: Deceased
1: Also at Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
2: Also at IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
3: Also at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
4: Also at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
5: Also at Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
6: Also at Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
7: Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
8: Also at Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
9: Now at British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
10: Now at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
11: Also at Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
12: Also at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
13: Also at Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Moscow, Russia
14: Also at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva,
Switzerland
15: Also at RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen,
Germany
16: Also at University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
17: Also at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
18: Also at Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
19: Also at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös
Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
20: Also at Institute of Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
21: Also at Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
22: Also at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India
23: Also at Shoolini University, Solan, India
24: Also at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
25: Also at Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
26: Also at Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
27: Also at Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
28: Also at International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
29: Also at Malaysian Nuclear Agency, MOSTI, Kajang, Malaysia
30: Also at Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico city, Mexico
31: Also at Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems,
Warsaw, Poland
32: Also at Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
33: Now at National Research Nuclear University ’Moscow Engineering Physics
Institute’ (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
34: Also at Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of
Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
35: Also at St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg,
Russia
36: Also at University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
37: Also at P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
38: Also at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
39: Also at Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
40: Also at INFN Sezione di Pavia a, Università di Pavia b, Pavia, Italy
41: Also at University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
42: Also at Scuola Normale e Sezione dell’INFN, Pisa, Italy
43: Also at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
44: Also at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
45: Also at Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
46: Also at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics (SMI), Vienna,
Austria
47: Also at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
48: Also at Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
49: Also at Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
50: Also at Piri Reis University, Istanbul, Turkey
51: Also at Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
52: Also at Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
53: Also at Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
54: Also at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
55: Also at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
56: Also at Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
57: Also at Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
58: Also at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
59: Also at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton,
Southampton, United Kingdom
60: Also at Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Australia
61: Also at Bethel University, St. Paul, USA
62: Also at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
63: Also at Utah Valley University, Orem, USA
64: Also at Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
65: Also at Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
66: Also at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
67: Also at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
68: Also at Mimar Sinan University, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
69: Also at Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
70: Also at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea