  We present the JWST Cycle 1 53.8hr medium program FRESCO, short for "First
Reionization Epoch Spectroscopically Complete Observations". FRESCO covers 62
arcmin$^2$ in each of the two GOODS/CANDELS fields for a total area of 124
arcmin$^2$ exploiting JWST's powerful new grism spectroscopic capabilities at
near-infrared wavelengths. By obtaining ~2 hr deep NIRCam/grism observations
with the F444W filter, FRESCO yields unprecedented spectra at R~1600 covering
3.8 to 5.0 $\mu$m for most galaxies in the NIRCam field-of-view. This setup
enables emission line measurements over most of cosmic history, from strong PAH
lines at z~0.2-0.5, to Pa$\alpha$ and Pa$\beta$ at z~1-3, HeI and [SIII] at
z~2.5-4.5, H$\alpha$ and [NII] at z~5-6.5, up to [OIII] and H$\beta$ for z~7-9
galaxies, and possibly even [OII] at z~10-12. FRESCO's grism observations
provide total line fluxes for accurately estimating galaxy stellar masses and
calibrating slit-loss corrections of NIRSpec/MSA spectra in the same field.
Additionally, FRESCO results in a mosaic of F182M, F210M, and F444W imaging in
the same fields to a depth of ~28.2 mag (5 $\sigma$ in 0.32" diameter
apertures). Together with this publication, the v1 imaging mosaics are released
as high-level science products via MAST. Here, we describe the overall survey
design and the key science goals that can be addressed with FRESCO. We also
highlight several, early science results, including: spectroscopic redshifts of
Lyman break galaxies that were identified almost 20 years ago, the discovery of
broad-line active galactic nuclei at z>4, and resolved Pa$\alpha$ maps of
galaxies at z~1.4. These results demonstrate the enormous power for
serendipitous discovery of NIRCam/grism observations.


  In Bender and Dokuchaev (2013), we studied a control problem related to swing
option pricing in a general non-Markovian setting. The main result there shows
that the value process of this control problem can be uniquely characterized in
terms of a first order backward SPDE and a pathwise differential inclusion. In
the present paper we additionally assume that the cashflow process of the swing
option is left-continuous in expectation (LCE). Under this assumption we show
that the value process is continuously differentiable in the space variable
that represents the volume which the holder of the option can still exercise
until maturity. This gives rise to an existence and uniqueness result for the
corresponding backward SPDE in a classical sense. We also explicitly represent
the space derivative of the value process in terms of a nonstandard optimal
stopping problem over a subset of predictable stopping times. This
representation can be applied to derive a dual minimization problem in terms of
martingales.


  We trace the dependence of the nucleon mass and of the effective size of the
nucleon on the characteristics of the instanton medium, which are the average
instanton size $\rho$ and the distance between the instantons in instanton
medium R. We consider several scenario for variation of the values of $\rho$
and R.


  Supervised neural networks, which first map an input $x$ to a single
representation $z$, and then map $z$ to the output label $y$, have achieved
remarkable success in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks.
Despite their success, neural models lack for both robustness and generality:
small perturbations to inputs can result in absolutely different outputs; the
performance of a model trained on one domain drops drastically when tested on
another domain.
  In this paper, we present methods to improve robustness and generality of NLP
models from the standpoint of disentangled representation learning. Instead of
mapping $x$ to a single representation $z$, the proposed strategy maps $x$ to a
set of representations $\{z_1,z_2,...,z_K\}$ while forcing them to be
disentangled. These representations are then mapped to different logits $l$s,
the ensemble of which is used to make the final prediction $y$. We propose
different methods to incorporate this idea into currently widely-used models,
including adding an $L$2 regularizer on $z$s or adding Total Correlation (TC)
under the framework of variational information bottleneck (VIB). We show that
models trained with the proposed criteria provide better robustness and domain
adaptation ability in a wide range of supervised learning tasks.


  The Schr\"odinger equation relates the electron wavefunction and the electric
potential, which are emergent physical quantities. At that emergent level, the
Schr\"odinger equation is either postulated as a principle of quantum physics
or obtained heuristically. However, the Schr\"odinger equation is a low energy
condition we can derive from the foundations of QED. Due to the small value of
the electromagnetic coupling constant, we show that, in low energy
interactions, the electric potential accurately represents the contributions of
the intermediate photon exchanges. Then, we see that the dominant term of the
electron wavefunction is a superposition of plane (but not free) waves which,
by fulfilling the total energy relations, satisfies the Schr\"odinger, Pauli,
and Dirac equations. Furthermore, we show that what is considered the kinetic
energy term of the Schr\"odinger equation does not represent the kinetic energy
of the interacting electron. We analyze and clarify the dynamics of the
Schr\"odinger equation.


  We introduce a general class of branching Markov processes for the modelling
of a parasite infection in a cell population. Each cell contains a quantity of
parasites which evolves as a diffusion with positive jumps. The growth rate,
diffusive function and positive jump rate of this quantity of parasites depend
on its current value. The division rate of the cells also depends on the
quantity of parasites they contain. At division, a cell gives birth to two
daughter cells and shares its parasites between them. Cells may also die, at a
rate which may depend on the quantity of parasites they contain. We study the
long time behaviour of the parasite infection. In particular, we are interested
in the quantity of parasites in a `typical' cell and on the survival of the
cell population. We specifically focus on the influence of two parameters on
the probability for the cell population to survive and/or contain the parasite
infection: the law of the sharing of the parasites between the daughter cells
at division and the form of the division and death rates of the cells as
functions of the quantity of parasites they contain.


  This paper proposes a passivity-based port-Hamiltonian (pH) framework for
multi-agent displacement-based and rigid formation control and velocity
tracking. The control law consists of two parts, where the internal feedback is
to track the velocity and the external feedback is to achieve formation
stabilization by steering variables of neighboring agents that prescribe the
desired geometric shape. Regarding the external feedback, a general framework
is proposed for all kinds of formations by means of the advantage that the pH
model is energy-based and coordinate-free. To solve the issue that the
incidence matrix is not of full column rank over cyclic graphs, the matrix
property is used to prove the convergence to the target sets for the
displacement-based formation, while for rigid formations, the algebraic
conditions of infinitesimal rigidity are investigated to achieve asymptotic
local stability. Furthermore, the rigid formation with heterogeneous
constraints is further investigated under this framework and the asymptotic
local stability is proved under a mild assumption. Simulations are performed to
illustrate the effectiveness of the framework.


  The aim is to explore new opportunities of the pitch organization of the
musical scale. Specifically, a numerical comparison of the different musical
temperaments among themselves in the degree of approximation of the Pythagorean
scale is provided, and thus it numerically substantiates the thesis that the
53-tone tempered system is the most advanced among possible others. We present
numerical data on the approximation of overtones from first twenty by steps of
the 53-tone temperament. Here were proposed some schemes of the three-manual
keyboard for the implementation of 53-tone temperament, which are also
implemented at the same time for 12 -, 17 -, 24 -, 29 - and 41-sounding system.
If there are technical means then these schemes can be used to play music in
any temperaments, based on said number of steps.


  Social media platforms are used by a large number of people prominently to
express their thoughts and opinions. However, these platforms have contributed
to a substantial amount of hateful and abusive content as well. Therefore, it
is important to curb the spread of hate speech on these platforms. In India,
Marathi is one of the most popular languages used by a wide audience. In this
work, we present L3Cube-MahaHate, the first major Hate Speech Dataset in
Marathi. The dataset is curated from Twitter, annotated manually. Our dataset
consists of over 25000 distinct tweets labeled into four major classes i.e
hate, offensive, profane, and not. We present the approaches used for
collecting and annotating the data and the challenges faced during the process.
Finally, we present baseline classification results using deep learning models
based on CNN, LSTM, and Transformers. We explore mono-lingual and multi-lingual
variants of BERT like MahaBERT, IndicBERT, mBERT, and xlm-RoBERTa and show that
mono-lingual models perform better than their multi-lingual counterparts. The
MahaBERT model provides the best results on L3Cube-MahaHate Corpus. The data
and models are available at https://github.com/l3cube-pune/MarathiNLP .


  In the present paper we give a simple mathematical foundation for describing
the zeros of the Selberg zeta functions $Z_X$ for certain very symmetric
infinite area surfaces $X$. For definiteness, we consider the case of three
funneled surfaces. We show that the zeta function is a complex almost periodic
function which can be approximated by complex trigonometric polynomials on
large domains (in Theorem 4.2). As our main application, we provide an
explanation of the striking empirical results of Borthwick (arXiv:1305.4850)
(in Theorem 1.5) in terms of convergence of the affinely scaled zero sets to
standard curves $\mathcal C$.


  A consistent combination of covariant density functional theory (CDFT) and
Landau-Migdal Theory of Finite Fermi Systems (TFFS) is presented. Both methods
are in principle exact, but Landau-Migdal theory cannot describe ground state
properties and density functional theory does not take into account the energy
dependence of the self-energy and therefore fails to yield proper single-%
particle spectra as well as the coupling to complex configurations in the width
of giant resonances. Starting from an energy functional, phonons and their
vertices are calculated without any further parameters. They form the basis of
particle-vibrational coupling leading to an energy dependence of the
self-energy and an induced energy-dependent interaction in the response
equation. A subtraction procedure avoids double counting. Applications in
doubly magic nuclei and in a chain of superfluid nuclei show excellent
agreement with experimental data.


  Inspired by the observation of increasingly one-dimensional (1D) behavior
with decreasing temperature in small-angle twisted bilayers of WTe$_2$
(tWTe$_2$), we theoretically explore the exotic sliding regimes that could be
realized in tWTe$_2$. At zero displacement field, while hole-doped tWTe$_2$ can
be thought of as an array of weakly coupled conventional two-flavor 1D electron
gases (1DEGs), the electron-doped regime is equivalent to coupled four-flavor
1DEGs , due to the presence of an additional "valley'' degree of freedom. In
the decoupled limit, the electron-doped system can thus realize phases with a
range of interesting ordering tendencies, including $4k_F$ charge-density-wave
and charge-$4e$ superconductivity. Dimensional crossovers and cross-wire
transport due to inter-wire couplings of various kinds are also discussed. We
find that a sliding Luther-Emery liquid with small inter-wire couplings is
probably most consistent with current experiments on hole-doped tWTe$_2$.


  We present an experimental study on our first generation of custom-developed
arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) on silica platform for spectroscopic
applications in near-infrared astronomy. We provide a comprehensive description
of the design, numerical simulation and characterization of several AWG devices
aimed at spectral resolving powers of 15,000 - 60,000 in the astronomical
H-band. We evaluate the spectral characteristics of the fabricated devices in
terms of insertion loss and estimated spectral resolving power and compare the
results with numerical simulations. We estimate resolving powers of up to
18,900 from the output channel 3-dB transmission bandwidth. Based on the first
characterization results, we select two candidate AWGs for further processing
by removal of the output waveguide array and polishing the output facet to
optical quality with the goal of integration as the primary diffractive element
in a cross-dispersed spectrograph. We further study the imaging properties of
the processed AWGs with regards to spectral resolution in direct imaging mode,
geometry-related defocus aberration, and polarization sensitivity of the
spectral image. We identify phase error control, birefringence control, and
aberration suppression as the three key areas of future research and
development in the field of high-resolution AWG-based spectroscopy in
astronomy.


  We show that discreteness effects related to classical two-body relaxation
produce spurious heating of the gaseous component in numerical simulations of
galaxy formation. A simple analytic model demonstrates that this artificial
heating will dominate radiative cooling in any simulation where the mass of an
individual dark matter particle exceeds a certain critical value. This maximum
mass depends only on the cooling function of the gas, on the fraction of the
material in gaseous form, and (weakly) on typical temperatures in the gas. It
is comparable to, or smaller than, the dark matter particle masses employed in
most published simulations of cosmological hydrodynamics and galaxy formation.
Any simulation which violates this constraint will be unable to follow cooling
flows, although catastrophic cooling of gas may still occur in regions with
very short cooling times. We use a series of N--body/smoothed particle
hydrodynamics simulations to explore this effect. In simulations which neglect
radiative cooling, two--body heating causes a gradual expansion of the gas
component. When radiative effects are included, we find that gas cooling is
almost completely suppressed for dark matter particle masses above our limit.
Although our test simulations use smoothed particle hydrodynamics, similar
effects, and a similar critical mass, are expected in any simulation where the
dark matter is represented by discrete particles.


  The Ehlers-Pirani-Schild (EPS) constructive axiomatisation of general
relativity, published in 1972, purports to build up the kinematical structure
of that theory from only axioms which have indubitable empirical content. It
is, therefore, of profound significance both to the epistemology and to the
metaphysics of spacetime theories. In this article, we consider extensions of
the EPS axiomatisation towards quantum general relativity based upon quantum
mechanical inputs (Part III). There are two companion papers, in which we
provide a pedagogical walkthrough to the EPS axiomatisation (Part I), and
discuss the significance of constructive approaches to spacetime structure more
generally (Part II).


  Distributed algorithms for solving additive or consensus optimization
problems commonly rely on first-order or proximal splitting methods. These
algorithms generally come with restrictive assumptions and at best enjoy a
linear convergence rate. Hence, they can require many iterations or
communications among agents to converge. In many cases, however, we do not seek
a highly accurate solution for consensus problems. Based on this we propose a
controlled relaxation of the coupling in the problem which allows us to compute
an approximate solution, where the accuracy of the approximation can be
controlled by the level of relaxation. The relaxed problem can be efficiently
solved in a distributed way using a combination of primal-dual interior-point
methods (PDIPMs) and message-passing. This algorithm purely relies on
second-order methods and thus requires far fewer iterations and communications
to converge. This is illustrated in numerical experiments, showing its superior
performance compared to existing methods.


  If the theta-null divisor $\Theta_{\rm null}$ is moved to the Prym moduli
space through the diagram
$\mathcal{S}_{g}^{+}\rightarrow\mathcal{M}_{g}\leftarrow\mathcal{R}_{g}$, it
splits into two irreducible components $\mathcal{P}_{\rm\! null}^{+}$ and
$\mathcal{P}_{\rm\! null}^{-}$. Using test curve techniques, we compute the
class of the closure of each of these components in terms of the generating
classes of $\mathrm{Pic}(\overline{\mathcal{R}}_{g})_{\mathbb{Q}}$.


  A tie-point of a compact space is analogous to a cut-point: the complement of
the point falls apart into two relatively clopen non-compact subsets.
Set-theoretically a tie-point of N* is an ultrafilter whose dual maximal ideal
can be generated by the union of two non-principal mod finite orthogonal
ideals. We review some of the many consistency results that have depended on
the construction of tie-points of N*. One especially important application, due
to Velickovic, was to the existence of non-trivial involutions on N*. A
tie-point of N* has been called symmetric if it is the unique fixed point of an
involution. We define the notion of an almost clopen set to be the closure of
one of the proper relatively clopen subsets of the complement of a tie-point.
We explore asymmetries of almost clopen subsets of N* in the sense of how may
an almost clopen set differ from its natural complementary almost clopen set.


  We calculate the four-top quark operator contributions to Higgs production
via gluon fusion in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. The four-top
operators enter for the first time via two-loop diagrams. Due to their chiral
structure they contain $\gamma_5$, so special care needs to be taken when using
dimensional regularisation for the loop integrals. We use two different schemes
for the continuation of $\gamma_5$ to $D$ space-time dimensions in our
calculations and present a mapping for the parameters in the two schemes. This
generically leads to an interplay of different operators, such as four-top
operators, chromomagnetic operators or Yukawa-type operators at the loop level.
We validate our results by examples of matching onto UV models.


  Using the microscopic-macroscopic model based on the deformed Woods-Saxon
single-particle potential and the Yukawa-plus-exponential macroscopic energy we
calculated static fission barriers $B_{f}$ for 1305 heavy and superheavy nuclei
$98\leq Z \leq 126$, including even - even, odd - even, even - odd and odd -
odd systems. For odd and odd-odd nuclei, adiabatic potential energy surfaces
were calculated by a minimization over configurations with one blocked neutron
or/and proton on a level from the 10-th below to the 10-th above the Fermi
level. The parameters of the model that have been fixed previously by a fit to
masses of even-even heavy nuclei were kept unchanged. A search for saddle
points has been performed by the "Imaginary Water Flow" method on a basic
five-dimensional deformation grid, including triaxiality. Two auxiliary grids
were used for checking the effects of the mass asymmetry and hexadecapole
non-axiallity. The ground states were found by energy minimization over
configurations and deformations. We find that the non-axiallity significantly
changes first and second fission barrier in many nuclei. The effect of the mass
- asymmetry, known to lower the second, very deformed barriers in actinides, in
the heaviest nuclei appears at the less deformed saddles in more than 100
nuclei. It happens for those saddles in which the triaxiallity does not play
any role, what suggests a decoupling between effects of the mass-asymmetry and
triaxiality. We studied also the influence of the pairing interaction strength
on the staggering of $B_f$ for odd- and even-particle numbers. Finally, we
provide a comparison of our results with other theoretical fission barrier
evaluations and with available experimental estimates.


  We present a non perturbative study of SU(2) gauge theory with two
fundamental Dirac flavours. We discuss how the model can be used as a template
for composite Dark Matter (DM). We estimate one particular interaction of the
DM candidate with the Standard Model : the interaction through photon exchange
computing the electric polarizability of the DM candidate. Finally, we briefly
discuss the viability of the model given the present experimental constraints.


  We estimate the unknown parameters of an asymmetric bifurcating
autoregressive process (BAR) when some of the data are missing. In this aim, we
model the observed data by a two-type Galton-Watson process consistent with the
binary tree structure of the data. Under independence between the process
leading to the missing data and the BAR process and suitable assumptions on the
driven noise, we establish the strong consistency of our estimators on the set
of non-extinction of the Galton-Watson, via a martingale approach. We also
prove a quadratic strong law and the asymptotic normality.


  The flow of contracting systems contracts 1-dimensional polygons (i.e. lines)
at an exponential rate. One reason for the usefulness of contracting systems is
that many interconnections of contracting sub-systems yield an overall
contracting system. A recent generalization of contracting systems is called
$k$-contracting systems, where $k\in\{1,\dots,n\}$. The flow of such systems
contracts $k$-dimensional polygons at an exponential rate, and in particular
they reduce to contracting systems when $k=1$. Here, we analyze serial
interconnections of $1$-contracting and $2$-contracting systems. We provide
conditions guaranteeing that such interconnections have a well-ordered
asymptotic behaviour, and demonstrate the theoretical results using several
examples.


  We report the discovery by the ground-based HATNet survey of the transiting
exoplanet HAT-P-68b, which has a mass of 0.724 $\pm$ 0.043 $M_{Jup}$, and
radius of 1.072 $\pm$ 0.012 $R_{Jup}$. The planet is in a circular P =
2.2984-day orbit around a moderately bright V = 13.937 $\pm$ 0.030 magnitude K
dwarf star of mass 0.673 $+$ 0.020 $-$0.014 $M_{\odot}$, and radius 0.6726
$\pm$ 0.0069 $R_{\odot}$. The planetary nature of this system is confirmed
through follow-up transit photometry obtained with the FLWO~1.2m telescope,
high-precision RVs measured using Keck-I/HIRES, FLWO~1.5m/TRES, and
OHP~1.9m/Sophie, and high-spatial-resolution speckle imaging from
WIYN~3.5m/DSSI. HAT-P-68 is at an ecliptic latitude of $+3^{\circ}$ and outside
the field of view of both the NASA TESS primary mission and the K2 mission. The
large transit depth of 0.036 mag ($r$-band) makes HAT-P-68b a promising target
for atmospheric characterization via transmission spectroscopy.


  We determine the symmetry groups under which the charged-lepton and the
Majorana-neutrino mass terms are invariant. We note that those two groups
always exist trivially, i.e. independently of the presence of any symmetries in
the Lagrangian, and that they always have the same form. Using this insight, we
re-evaluate the recent claim that, whenever lepton mixing is tri-bimaximal, S_4
is the minimal unique horizontal-symmetry group of the Lagrangian of the lepton
sector, with S_4 being determined by the symmetries of the lepton mass
matrices. We discuss two models for tri-bimaximal mixing which serve as
counterexamples to this claim. With these two models and some group-theoretical
arguments we illustrate that there is no compelling reason for the uniqueness
of S_4.


  We determine the exact sum secure degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) of the K-user
Gaussian interference channel. We consider three different secrecy constraints:
1) K-user interference channel with one external eavesdropper (IC-EE), 2)
K-user interference channel with confidential messages (IC-CM), and 3) K-user
interference channel with confidential messages and one external eavesdropper
(IC-CM-EE). We show that for all of these three cases, the exact sum secure
d.o.f. is K(K-1)/(2K-1). We show converses for IC-EE and IC-CM, which imply a
converse for IC-CM-EE. We show achievability for IC-CM-EE, which implies
achievability for IC-EE and IC-CM. We develop the converses by relating the
channel inputs of interfering users to the reliable rates of the interfered
users, and by quantifying the secrecy penalty in terms of the eavesdroppers'
observations. Our achievability uses structured signaling, structured
cooperative jamming, channel prefixing, and asymptotic real interference
alignment. While the traditional interference alignment provides some amount of
secrecy by mixing unintended signals in a smaller sub-space at every receiver,
in order to attain the optimum sum secure d.o.f., we incorporate structured
cooperative jamming into the achievable scheme, and intricately design the
structure of all of the transmitted signals jointly.


  In this paper, some global existence and uniform asymptotic stability results
for fractional functional differential equations are proved. It is worthy
mentioning that when $\alpha=1$ the initial value problem (1.1) reduces to a
classical dissipative differential equation with delays in [4]


  We consider the process in which a Higgs particle is produced in association
with jets and show that monojet searches at the LHC already provide interesting
constraints on the invisible decays of a 125 GeV Higgs boson. Using the
existing monojet searches performed by CMS and ATLAS, we show the 95%
confidence level limit on the invisible Higgs decay rate is of the order of the
total Higgs production rate in the Standard Model. This limit could be
significantly improved when more data at higher center of mass energies are
collected, provided systematic errors on the Standard Model contribution to the
monojet background can be reduced. We also compare these direct constraints on
the invisible rate with indirect ones based on measuring the Higgs rates in
visible channels. In the context of Higgs portal models of dark matter, we then
discuss how the LHC limits on the invisible Higgs branching fraction impose
strong constraints on the dark matter scattering cross section on nucleons
probed in direct detection experiments.


  Wigner-friend scenarios -- in which external agents describe a closed
laboratory containing a friend making a measurement -- highlight the
difficulties inherent to quantum theory when accounting for measurements. In
non-relativistic scenarios, the difficulty is to accommodate unitary evolution
for a closed system with a definite outcome obtained by the friend. In
relativistic scenarios the tensions between quantum theory and relativity
induce additional constraints. A generic property of relativistic scenarios is
the frame-dependence of state update upon a measurement. Based on a definite
example, we will show that this property leads to inconsistent accounts for
outcomes obtained in different reference frames. We will further argue that
these results point to some fundamental inadequacy when attempting to model
actions taken by a complex agent as unitary operations made on simple
wavefunctions.


  The aim of this paper is to provide a rigorous mathematical analysis of an
optimal control problem with SIR dynamics. The main feature of our study is the
presence of state constraints (related to intensive care units ICU capacity)
and strict target objectives (related to the immunity threshold). The first
class of results provides a comprehensive description of different zones of
interest using viability tools. The second achievement is a thorough
mathematical analysis of Pontryagin extremals for the aforementioned problem
allowing to obtain an explicit closed-loop feedback optimal control. All our
theoretical results are numerically illustrated for a further understanding of
the geometrical features and scenarios.


  Given a subgraph G of the hypercube Q_n, a coloring of the edges of Q_n such
that every embedding of G contains an edge of every color is called a
G-polychromatic coloring. The maximum number of colors with which it is
possible to G-polychromatically color the edges of any hypercube is called the
polychromatic number of G. To determine polychromatic numbers, it is only
necessary to consider a structured class of colorings, which we call simple.
The main tool for finding upper bounds on polychromatic numbers is to translate
the question of polychromatically coloring the hypercube so every embedding of
a graph G contains every color into a question of coloring the 2-dimensional
grid so that every so-called shape sequence corresponding to G contains every
color. After surveying the tools for finding polychromatic numbers, we apply
these techniques to find polychromatic numbers of a class of graphs called
punctured hypercubes. We also consider the problem of finding polychromatic
numbers in the setting where larger subcubes of the hypercube are colored. We
exhibit two new constructions which show that this problem is not a
straightforward generalization of the edge coloring problem.


  We present a novel way of modeling common envelope evolution in binary and
few-body systems. We consider the common envelope inspiral as driven by a drag
force with a power-law dependence in relative distance and velocity. The
orbital motion is resolved either by direct N-body integration or by solving
the set of differential equations for the orbital elements as derived using
perturbation theory. Our formalism can model the eccentricity during the common
envelope inspiral, and it gives results consistent with smoothed particles
hydrodynamical simulations. We apply our formalism to common envelope events
from binary population synthesis models and find that the final eccentricity
distribution resembles the observed distribution of post-common-envelope
binaries. Our model can be used for time-resolved common-envelope evolution in
population synthesis calculations or as part of binary interactions in direct
N-body simulations of star clusters.


  In 2016 J. Koenigsmann refined a celebrated theorem of J. Robinson by proving
that $\mathbb Q\setminus\mathbb Z$ is diophantine over $\mathbb Q$, i.e., there
is a polynomial $P(t,x_1,\ldots,x_{n})\in\mathbb Z[t,x_1,\ldots,x_{n}]$ such
that for any rational number $t$ we have $$t\not\in\mathbb Z\iff \exists
x_1\cdots\exists x_{n}[P(t,x_1,\ldots,x_{n})=0]$$ where variables range over
$\mathbb Q$, equivalently $$t\in\mathbb Z\iff \forall x_1\cdots\forall
x_{n}[P(t,x_1,\ldots,x_{n})\not=0].$$ In this paper we prove that we may take
$n=32$. Combining this with a result of Z.-W. Sun, we show that there is no
algorithm to decide for any $f(x_1,\ldots,x_{41})\in\mathbb
Z[x_1,\ldots,x_{41}]$ whether $$\forall x_1\cdots\forall x_9\exists
y_1\cdots\exists y_{32}[f(x_1,\ldots,x_9,y_1,\ldots,y_{32})=0],$$ where
variables range over $\mathbb Q$.


  In this paper, we consider a class of inhomogeneous semi-Markov processes
directly based on intensity processes for marked point processes. We show that
this class satisfies the semi-Markov properties defined elsewhere in the
literature. We use the marked point process setting to derive strong upper
bounds on various probabilities for semi-Markov processes. Using these bounds,
we rigorously prove for the case of countably infinite state space that the
transition intensities are right-derivatives of the transition probabilities,
and we prove for the case of finite state space that the transition
probabilities satisfy the forward equations, requiring only right-continuity of
the transition intensities in the time and duration arguments and a boundedness
condition. We also show relationships between several classes of semi-Markov
processes considered in the literature, and we prove an integral representation
for the left derivatives of the transition probabilities in the duration
parameter.


  We study loss functions that measure the accuracy of a prediction based on
multiple data points simultaneously. To our knowledge, such loss functions have
not been studied before in the area of property elicitation or in machine
learning more broadly. As compared to traditional loss functions that take only
a single data point, these multi-observation loss functions can in some cases
drastically reduce the dimensionality of the hypothesis required. In
elicitation, this corresponds to requiring many fewer reports; in empirical
risk minimization, it corresponds to algorithms on a hypothesis space of much
smaller dimension. We explore some examples of the tradeoff between
dimensionality and number of observations, give some geometric
characterizations and intuition for relating loss functions and the properties
that they elicit, and discuss some implications for both elicitation and
machine-learning contexts.


  The few-body problem (with $N \leq 6$ fermionic charge carriers) in isolated
moir\'{e} quantum dots (MQDs) in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayer
materials with integer fillings, $\nu \geq 2$, is investigated by employing
large-scale full configuration interaction (FCI, also termed
exact-diagonalization) computations, and by performing a comparative analysis
of the ensuing first-order (charge densities, CDs) and second-order
(conditional probability distributions, CPDs) correlation functions. With
parameters representative of bilayer experimental TMD setups, our
investigations reveal the determining role of the strong inter-particle
Coulombic repulsion in bringing about Wigner molecularization, which is
associated with many-body physics beyond both that described by the Aufbau
principle of natural atoms, as well as by the widely used Hubbard model for
strongly-interacting condensed-matter systems. In particular, for weak and
moderate trilobal crystal-field deformations of the MQDs, the imperative
employment of the CPDs brings to light the geometrical polygonal-ring
configurations underlying the Wigner molecules (WMs) that remain hidden at the
level of a charge-density analysis, apart from the case of $N=3$ when a pinned
WM emerges in the charge density due to the coincidence of the $C_3$ symmetries
associated with both the intrinsic geometry of the $N=3$ WM and the TMD
trilobal crystal-field of the confining pocket potential. The FCI numerically
exact-diagonalization results provide critical benchmarks for assessing and
guiding the development of future computational methodologies of interacting
strongly-correlated fermions in isolated MQDs and their superlattices in TMD
materials.


  Advanced packaging offers a new design paradigm in the post-Moore era, where
many small chiplets can be assembled into a large system. Based on
heterogeneous integration, a chiplet-based accelerator can be highly
specialized for a specific workload, demonstrating extreme efficiency and cost
reduction. To fully leverage this potential, it is critical to explore both the
architectural design space for individual chiplets and different integration
options to assemble these chiplets, which have yet to be fully exploited by
existing proposals. This paper proposes Monad, a cost-aware specialization
approach for chiplet-based spatial accelerators that explores the tradeoffs
between PPA and fabrication costs. To evaluate a specialized system, we
introduce a modeling framework considering the non-uniformity in dataflow,
pipelining, and communications when executing multiple tensor workloads on
different chiplets. We propose to combine the architecture and integration
design space by uniformly encoding the design aspects for both spaces and
exploring them with a systematic ML-based approach. The experiments demonstrate
that Monad can achieve an average of 16% and 30% EDP reduction compared with
the state-of-the-art chiplet-based accelerators, Simba and NN-Baton,
respectively.


  Evidence for mixing in the neutral D meson system has recently been reported.
Assuming negligible CP violation, non-vanishing width and mass differences
between the two neutral D mass eigenstates has been found. Theoretical
predictions of these are rather difficult, obscuring detection of New Physics
contributions. However, the observation of CP violation in the D system would
be a good signal of New Physics. We briefly describe the formalism that
describes the neutral D decay and mixing, and present a method to determine all
the mixing parameters accurately allowing for arbitrary CP violation.


  The rise of generative models has driven significant advancements in
recommender systems, leaving unique opportunities for enhancing users'
personalized recommendations. This workshop serves as a platform for
researchers to explore and exchange innovative concepts related to the
integration of generative models into recommender systems. It primarily focuses
on five key perspectives: (i) improving recommender algorithms, (ii) generating
personalized content, (iii) evolving the user-system interaction paradigm, (iv)
enhancing trustworthiness checks, and (v) refining evaluation methodologies for
generative recommendations. With generative models advancing rapidly, an
increasing body of research is emerging in these domains, underscoring the
timeliness and critical importance of this workshop. The related research will
introduce innovative technologies to recommender systems and contribute to
fresh challenges in both academia and industry. In the long term, this research
direction has the potential to revolutionize the traditional recommender
paradigms and foster the development of next-generation recommender systems.


  We explore the postulates of string no-scale supergravity in the context of
free-fermionic string models. The requirements of vanishing vacuum energy, flat
directions of the scalar potential, and stable no-scale mechanism impose strong
restrictions on possible string no-scale models, which must possess only two or
three moduli, and a constrained massless spectrum. The
soft-supersymmetry-breaking parameters involving all twisted and untwisted
fields are given explicitly. This class of models contain no free parameters,
\ie, in principle all supersymmetric particle masses and interactions are
completely determined. A computerized search for free-fermionic models with the
desired properties yields a candidate $SU(5)\times U(1)$ model containing extra
(\r{10},\rb{10}) matter representations that allow gauge coupling unification
at the string scale. Our candidate model possesses a bening non-universal
assignment of supersymmetry breaking scalar masses, which may have interesting
low-energy experimental consequences.


  The ability to measure the satisfaction of (groups of) voters is a crucial
prerequisite for formulating proportionality axioms in approval-based
participatory budgeting elections. Two common - but very different - ways to
measure the satisfaction of a voter consider (i) the number of approved
projects and (ii) the total cost of approved projects, respectively. In
general, it is difficult to decide which measure of satisfaction best reflects
the voters' true utilities. In this paper, we study proportionality axioms with
respect to large classes of approval-based satisfaction functions. We establish
logical implications among our axioms and related notions from the literature,
and we ask whether outcomes can be achieved that are proportional with respect
to more than one satisfaction function. We show that this is impossible for the
two commonly used satisfaction functions when considering proportionality
notions based on extended justified representation, but achievable for a notion
based on proportional justified representation. For the latter result, we
introduce a strengthening of priceability and show that it is satisfied by
several polynomial-time computable rules, including the Method of Equal Shares
and Phragm\`en's sequential rule.


  We present a simple, yet effective and flexible method for action recognition
supporting multiple sensor modalities. Multivariate signal sequences are
encoded in an image and are then classified using a recently proposed
EfficientNet CNN architecture. Our focus was to find an approach that
generalizes well across different sensor modalities without specific adaptions
while still achieving good results. We apply our method to 4 action recognition
datasets containing skeleton sequences, inertial and motion capturing
measurements as well as \wifi fingerprints that range up to 120 action classes.
Our method defines the current best CNN-based approach on the NTU RGB+D 120
dataset, lifts the state of the art on the ARIL Wi-Fi dataset by +6.78%,
improves the UTD-MHAD inertial baseline by +14.4%, the UTD-MHAD skeleton
baseline by 1.13% and achieves 96.11% on the Simitate motion capturing data
(80/20 split). We further demonstrate experiments on both, modality fusion on a
signal level and signal reduction to prevent the representation from
overloading.


  We consider electronic transport through a single-molecule junction where the
molecule has a degenerate spectrum. Unlike previous transport models, and
theories a rate-equations description is no longer possible, and the quantum
coherences between degenerate states have to be taken into account. We present
the derivation and application of a master equation that describes the system
in the weak-coupling limit and give an in-depth discussion of the parameter
regimes and the new phenomena due to coherent on-site dynamics.


  We investigate the influence of the topology on generic features of the
persistent current in n-fold twisted Moebius strips formed of quasi
one--dimensional mesoscopic rings, both for free electrons and in the weakly
disordered regime. We find that there is no generic difference between the
persistent current for untwisted rings and for Moebius strips with an arbitrary
number of twists.


  The objective of this article is to introduce a novel technique for computing
numerical solutions to the nonlinear inverse heat conduction problem. This
involves solving nonlinear parabolic equations with Cauchy data provided on one
side $\Gamma$ of the boundary of the computational domain $\Omega$. The key
step of our proposed method is the truncation of the Fourier series of the
solution to the governing equation. The truncation technique enables us to
derive a system of 1D ordinary differential equations. Then, we employ the
well-known Runge-Kutta method to solve this system, which aids in addressing
the nonlinearity and the lack of data on $\partial \Omega \setmunus \Gamma$.
This new approach is called the dimensional reduction method. By converting the
high-dimensional problem into a 1D problem, we achieve exceptional
computational speed. Numerical results are provided to support the
effectiveness of our approach.


  Person re-identification (re-ID) in first-person (egocentric) vision is a
fairly new and unexplored problem. With the increase of wearable video
recording devices, egocentric data becomes readily available, and person
re-identification has the potential to benefit greatly from this. However,
there is a significant lack of large scale structured egocentric datasets for
person re-identification, due to the poor video quality and lack of individuals
in most of the recorded content. Although a lot of research has been done in
person re-identification based on fixed surveillance cameras, these do not
directly benefit egocentric re-ID. Machine learning models trained on the
publicly available large scale re-ID datasets cannot be applied to egocentric
re-ID due to the dataset bias problem. The proposed algorithm makes use of
neural style transfer (NST) that incorporates a variant of Convolutional Neural
Network (CNN) to utilize the benefits of both fixed camera vision and
first-person vision. NST generates images having features from both egocentric
datasets and fixed camera datasets, that are fed through a VGG-16 network
trained on a fixed-camera dataset for feature extraction. These extracted
features are then used to re-identify individuals. The fixed camera dataset
Market-1501 and the first-person dataset EGO Re-ID are applied for this work
and the results are on par with the present re-identification models in the
egocentric domain.


  Context: Magnetohydrodynamic thermal modes may play an important role in the
formation, plasma condensation, and evolution of solar prominences. Unstable
thermal modes due to unbalance between radiative losses and heating can lead to
rapid plasma cooling and condensation. An accurate description of the radiative
loss function is therefore crucial for this process. Aims: We study the
stability of thermal modes in unbounded and uniform plasmas with properties
akin to those in solar prominences. Effects due to partial ionization are taken
into account. Three different parametrizations of the radiative loss function
are used. Methods: By means of a normal mode analysis, we investigate linear
nonadiabatic perturbations superimposed on the equilibrium state. We find an
approximate instability criterion for thermal modes, while the exact linear
growth rate is obtained by numerically solving the general dispersion relation.
The stability of thermal disturbances is compared for the three different loss
functions considered. Results: Using up-to-date computations of radiative
losses derived from the CHIANTI atomic database, we find that thermal modes may
be unstable in prominences for lower temperatures than those predicted with
previously existing loss functions. Thermal instability can take place for
temperatures as low as 15,000 K, approximately. The obtained linear growth
rates indicate that this instability might have an important impact on the
dynamics and evolution of cool prominence condensations.


  Machine learning models for repeated measurements are limited. Using
topological data analysis (TDA), we present a classifier for repeated
measurements which samples from the data space and builds a network graph based
on the data topology. When applying this to two case studies, accuracy exceeds
alternative models with additional benefits such as reporting data subsets with
high purity along with feature values. For 300 examples of 3 tree species, the
accuracy reached 80% after 30 datapoints, which was improved to 90% after
increased sampling to 400 datapoints. Using data from 100 examples of each of 6
point processes, the classifier achieved 96.8% accuracy. In both datasets, the
TDA classifier outperformed an alternative model. This algorithm and software
can be beneficial for repeated measurement data common in biological sciences,
as both an accurate classifier and a feature selection tool.


  Topological insulators (TI) and magnetic topological insulators (MTI) can
apply highly efficient spin-orbit torque (SOT) and manipulate the magnetization
with their unique topological surface states with ultra-high efficiency. Here,
we demonstrate efficient SOT switching of a hard MTI, V-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3
(VBST) with a large coercive field that can prevent the influence of an
external magnetic field. A giant switched anomalous Hall resistance of 9.2
$k\Omega$ is realized, among the largest of all SOT systems. The SOT switching
current density can be reduced to $2.8\times10^5 A/cm^2$. Moreover, as the
Fermi level is moved away from the Dirac point by both gate and composition
tuning, VBST exhibits a transition from edge-state-mediated to
surface-state-mediated transport, thus enhancing the SOT effective field to
$1.56\pm 0.12 T/ (10^6 A/cm^2)$ and the interfacial charge-to-spin conversion
efficiency to $3.9\pm 0.3 nm^{-1}$. The findings establish VBST as an
extraordinary candidate for energy-efficient magnetic memory devices.


  Utilizing the Fermi measurement of the gamma-ray spectrum toward the Galactic
Center, we derive some of the strongest constraints to date on the dark matter
(DM) lifetime in the mass range from hundreds of MeV to above an EeV. Our
profile-likelihood based analysis relies on 413 weeks of Fermi Pass 8 data from
200 MeV to 2 TeV, along with up-to-date models for diffuse gamma-ray emission
within the Milky Way. We model Galactic and extragalactic DM decay and include
contributions to the DM-induced gamma-ray flux resulting from both primary
emission and inverse-Compton scattering of primary electrons and positrons. For
the extragalactic flux, we also calculate the spectrum associated with cascades
of high-energy gamma-rays scattering off of the cosmic background radiation. We
argue that a decaying DM interpretation for the 10 TeV-1 PeV neutrino flux
observed by IceCube is disfavored by our constraints. Our results also
challenge a decaying DM explanation of the AMS-02 positron flux. We interpret
the results in terms of individual final states and in the context of
simplified scenarios such as a hidden-sector glueball model.


  After being launched, GRB jets propagate through dense media prior to their
breakout. The jet-medium interaction results in the formation of a complex
structured outflow, often referred to as a "structured jet". The underlying
physics of the jet-medium interaction that sets the post-breakout jet
morphology has never been explored systematically. Here we use a suite of 3D
simulations to follow the evolution of hydrodynamic long and short gamma-ray
bursts (GRBs) jets after breakout to study the post-breakout structure induced
by the interaction. Our simulations feature Rayleigh-Taylor fingers that grow
from the cocoon into the jet, mix cocoon with jet material and destabilize the
jet. The mixing gives rise to a previously unidentified region sheathing the
jet from the cocoon, which we denote the jet-cocoon interface (JCI). long GRBs
undergo strong mixing, resulting in most of the jet energy to drift into the
JCI, while in short GRBs weaker mixing is possible, leading to a comparable
amount of energy in the two components. Remarkably, the jet structure (jet-core
plus JCI) can be characterized by simple universal angular power-law
distributions, with power-law indices that depend solely on the mixing level.
This result supports the commonly used power-law angular distribution, and
disfavors Gaussian jets. At larger angles, where the cocoon dominates, the
structure is more complex. The mixing shapes the prompt emission light curve
and implies that typical long GRB afterglows are different from those of short
GRBs. Our predictions can be used to infer jet characteristics from prompt and
afterglow observations.


  We propose splitting methods for the computation of the exponential of
perturbed matrices which can be written as the sum $A=D+\varepsilon B$ of a
sparse and efficiently exponentiable matrix $D$ with sparse exponential $e^D$
and a dense matrix $\varepsilon B$ which is of small norm in comparison with
$D$. The predominant algorithm is based on scaling the large matrix $A$ by a
small number $2^{-s}$, which is then exponentiated by efficient Pad\'e or
Taylor methods and finally squared in order to obtain an approximation for the
full exponential. In this setting, the main portion of the computational cost
arises from dense-matrix multiplications and we present a modified squaring
which takes advantage of the smallness of the perturbed matrix $B$ in order to
reduce the number of squarings necessary. Theoretical results on local error
and error propagation for splitting methods are complemented with numerical
experiments and show a clear improvement over existing methods when medium
precision is sought.


  Scholarly writing presents a complex space that generally follows a
methodical procedure to plan and produce both rationally sound and creative
compositions. Recent works involving large language models (LLM) demonstrate
considerable success in text generation and revision tasks; however, LLMs still
struggle to provide structural and creative feedback on the document level that
is crucial to academic writing. In this paper, we introduce a novel taxonomy
that categorizes scholarly writing behaviors according to intention, writer
actions, and the information types of the written data. We also provide
ManuScript, an original dataset annotated with a simplified version of our
taxonomy to show writer actions and the intentions behind them. Motivated by
cognitive writing theory, our taxonomy for scientific papers includes three
levels of categorization in order to trace the general writing flow and
identify the distinct writer activities embedded within each higher-level
process. ManuScript intends to provide a complete picture of the scholarly
writing process by capturing the linearity and non-linearity of writing
trajectory, such that writing assistants can provide stronger feedback and
suggestions on an end-to-end level. The collected writing trajectories are
viewed at https://minnesotanlp.github.io/REWARD_demo/


  In view of Run 4 at the LHC, presently scheduled from 2029 onwards, ALICE is
pursuing several upgrades to further extend its physics reach. In order to
improve heavy-flavor hadron and dielectron measurements which rely on secondary
vertexing, a reduction of the material budget of the innermost layers of the
Inner Tracking System is needed. This can be achieved with bent pixel sensors,
arranged in half-cylinder shapes with integrated power lines and data buses,
allowing to get rid of most of the supporting structure and of the water
cooling. Moreover, a new Forward Calorimeter (FoCal), covering pseudorapidities
of $3.2<\eta<5.8$, has been proposed to measure small-x (down to $10^{-6}$)
gluon distributions via prompt photon production. The FoCal will be composed of
a highly granular Si+W electromagnetic calorimeter combined with a conventional
sampling hadronic calorimeter, and will significantly enhance the scope of
ALICE for inclusive and correlation measurements with mesons, photons, and
jets. For Run 5 and beyond, the ALICE 3 project has been proposed. It consists
of a novel compact detector based on monolithic silicon sensors, with
ultra-thin layers near the vertex, high readout rate capabilities, superb
pointing resolution, excellent tracking and particle identification over a
large acceptance. Such a detector enables a rich physics program, ranging from
electromagnetic probes at ultra-low transverse momenta to precision physics in
the charm and beauty sector. For particle identification, a sequence of
detector systems is foreseen: a combination of a Time-Of-Flight system, a
Ring-Imaging Cherenkov detector, an electromagnetic calorimeter, a muon
identifier, and a dedicated forward detector for ultra-soft photons. In these
proceedings, the upgrade plans will be shown together with the status of R\&D
on ITS3 and FoCal and with the concepts and requirements of ALICE 3.


  For a local ring $(R, \M)$ of infinite residue field and positive depth, we
address the question raised by H. Dao on how to control the asymptotic
behaviour of the $\M$-full, full, and weakly $\M$-full properties of certain
ideals (such notions were first investigated by D. Rees and J. Watanabe), by
means of bounding appropriate numbers which express such behaviour. We
establish upper bounds, and in certain cases even formulas for such invariants.
The main tools used in our results are reduction numbers along with
Ratliff-Rush closure of ideals, and also the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of
the Rees algebra of $\M$.


  The Decision Model and Notation (DMN) is a standard notation to capture
decision logic in business applications in general and business processes in
particular. A central construct in DMN is that of a decision table. The
increasing use of DMN decision tables to capture critical business knowledge
raises the need to support analysis tasks on these tables such as correctness
and completeness checking. This paper provides a formal semantics for DMN
tables, a formal definition of key analysis tasks and scalable algorithms to
tackle two such tasks, i.e., detection of overlapping rules and of missing
rules. The algorithms are based on a geometric interpretation of decision
tables that can be used to support other analysis tasks by tapping into
geometric algorithms. The algorithms have been implemented in an open-source
DMN editor and tested on large decision tables derived from a credit lending
dataset.


  In this work, we develop the classical theory of monotone and pseudomonotone
operators in the class of convex constrained Dirichlet-type problems involving
fractional Riesz gradients in bounded and in unbounded domains
$\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^d$. We consider the problem of finding $u\in K^s$,
such that,
  \begin{equation*}
  \int_{\mathbb{R}^d}{\boldsymbol{a}(x,u,D^s u)\cdot
D^s(v-u)}\,dx+\int_\Omega{b(x,u,D^s u)(v-u)}\,dx\geq 0 %\langle F, v-u\rangle
  \end{equation*} for all $v\in K^s$. Here $K^s\subset\Lambda^{s,p}_0(\Omega)$
is a non-empty, closed and convex set of a fractional Sobolev type space
$\Lambda^{s,p}_0(\Omega)$ with $0\leq s\leq 1$ and $1<p<\infty$, and $D^s$
denotes the distributional Riesz fractional gradient, with two limit cases:
$D^1=D$ representing the classical gradient in the classical Sobolev space
$\Lambda^{1,p}_0(\Omega)=W^{1,p}_0(\Omega)$, and $-D^0=R$ denotes the
vector-valued Riesz transform within $\Lambda^{0,p}_0(\Omega)=\{u\in
L^p(\mathbb{R}^d):\, u=0 \mbox{ a.e. in } \mathbb{R}^d\setminus\Omega\}$.
  We discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions in this novel framework
and we obtain new results on the continuous dependence, with respect to the
fractional parameter $s$, of variational solutions corresponding to several
classical assumptions on the structural functions $\boldsymbol{a}$ and $b$
adapted to the fractional framework. We introduce an extension of the Mosco
convergence for convex sets $K^s$ with respect to the parameter $s$, including
the limit cases $s=1$ and $s=0$, to prove weak or strong convergences of the
solutions $u_s$ and their fractional gradients $D^su$, according to different
cases. Several applications are illustrated with examples of unilateral
problems, including quasi-variational inequalities with constraints of obstacle
type $u\geq \psi$ and $s$-gradient type $|D^su|\leq g$.


  We have performed 2D hybrid simulations of non-relativistic collisionless
shocks in the presence of pre-existing energetic particles ("seeds"); such a
study applies, for instance, to the re-acceleration of Galactic cosmic rays
(CRs) in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks and solar wind energetic particles in
heliospheric shocks. Energetic particles can be effectively reflected and
accelerated regardless of shock inclination via a process that we call
\emph{diffusive shock re-acceleration}. We find that reaccelerated seeds can
drive the streaming instability in the shock upstream and produce effective
magnetic field amplification. This can eventually trigger the injection of
thermal protons even at oblique shocks that ordinarily cannot inject thermal
particles. We characterize the current in reflected seeds, finding that it
tends to a universal value $J\simeq e n_{cr} v_{sh}$, where $e n_{cr}$ is the
seed charge density and $v_{sh}$ is the shock velocity. When applying our
results to SNRs, we find that the re-acceleration of Galactic CRs can excite
the Bell instability to non-linear levels in less than $\sim 10$ yr, thereby
providing a minimum level of magnetic field amplification for any SNR shock.
Finally, we discuss the relevance of diffusive shock re-acceleration also for
other environments, such as heliospheric shocks, Galactic superbubbles, and
clusters of galaxies.


  We present new optical (BVI) time-series data for the evolved variable stars
in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The quality of the data and the
observing strategy allowed us to identify 14 new variable stars. Eight out of
the 14 are RR Lyrae (RRL) stars, four are Anomalous Cepheids (ACs) and two are
geometrical variables. Comparison of the period distribution for the entire
sample of RRLs with similar distributions in nearby dSphs and in the Large
Magellanic Cloud indicates that the old stellar populations in these systems
share similar properties. This finding is also supported by the RRL
distribution in the Bailey diagram. On the other hand, the period distribution
and the Bailey diagram of ACs display significant differences among the above
stellar systems. This evidence suggests that the properties of intermediate-age
stellar populations might be affected both by environmental effects and
structural parameters. We use the BV Period--Wesenheit (PW) relation of RRLs
together with evolutionary prescriptions and find a true distance modulus of
20.09+/-0.07(intrinsic)+/-0.1(statistical) mag that agrees quite well with
similar estimates available in the literature. We identified four peculiar
variables. Taking into account their position in the Bailey diagram and in the
BV PW relation, two of them (V14, V149) appear to be candidate ACs, while two
(V158, V182) might be peculiar RRLs. In particular, the variable V158 has a
period and a V-band amplitude very similar to the low-mass RRL
---RRLR-02792---recently identified by Pietrzynski at al. (2012) in the
Galactic bulge.


  When it comes to comprehending and analyzing multi-relational data, the
semantics of relations are crucial. Polysemous relations between different
types of entities, that represent multiple semantics, are common in real-world
relational datasets represented by knowledge graphs. For numerous use cases,
such as entity type classification, question answering and knowledge graph
completion, the correct semantic interpretation of these relations is
necessary. In this work, we provide a strategy for discovering the different
semantics associated with abstract relations and deriving many sub-relations
with fine-grained meaning. To do this, we leverage the types of the entities
associated with the relations and cluster the vector representations of
entities and relations. The suggested method is able to automatically discover
the best number of sub-relations for a polysemous relation and determine their
semantic interpretation, according to our empirical evaluation.


  As an attempt to realize Wheeler's "it-from-bit proposal" that physics should
be reduced to simple yes-no questions we consider a model of loop quantum
gravity, where the only allowed values of the quantum numbers $j_p$ at the
punctures of the spin network on the spacelike two-surfaces of spacetime are
$0$ and $\frac{1}{2}$. When $j_p=0$, the puncture is in the vacuum, and it does
not contribute to the area of the two-surface, whereas when $j_p=\frac{1}{2}$,
the puncture is in an excited state, and the allowed values of the associated
quantum number $m_p$ are $-\frac{1}{2}$ and $+\frac{1}{2}$. As a consequence,
the spin network used as a model of spacetime is analogous to a system of
particles with spin $\frac{1}{2}$, and every puncture carries exactly one bit
of information. When applied to spacetimes with horizon our model enables us to
find an explicit expression for the partition function of spacetime. Using this
partition function we may, among other things, obtain the Bekenstein-Hawking
entropy law for black holes. When applied to cosmological models with horizon
the partition function predicts a cosmic phase transition in the early
Universe, where the cosmological constant went through a dramatic decrease and
the matter of the Universe was created out of the vacuum.


  Ian Levy and Crispin Robinson's position paper "Thoughts on child safety on
commodity platforms" is to be welcomed for extending the scope of the debate
about the extent to which child safety concerns justify legal limits to online
privacy. Their paper's context is the laws proposed in both the UK and the EU
to give the authorities the power to undermine end-to-end cryptography in
online communications services, with a justification of preventing and
detecting of child abuse and terrorist recruitment. Both jurisdictions plan to
make it easier to get service firms to take down a range of illegal material
from their servers; but they also propose to mandate client-side scanning - not
just for known illegal images, but for text messages indicative of sexual
grooming or terrorist recruitment. In this initial response, I raise technical
issues about the capabilities of the technologies the authorities propose to
mandate, and a deeper strategic issue: that we should view the child safety
debate from the perspective of children at risk of violence, rather than from
that of the security and intelligence agencies and the firms that sell
surveillance software. The debate on terrorism similarly needs to be grounded
in the context in which young people are radicalised. Both political violence
and violence against children tend to be politicised and as a result are often
poorly policed. Effective policing, particularly of crimes embedded in wicked
social problems, must be locally led and involve multiple stakeholders; the
idea of using 'artificial intelligence' to replace police officers, social
workers and teachers is just the sort of magical thinking that leads to bad
policy. The debate must also be conducted within the boundary conditions set by
human rights and privacy law, and to be pragmatic must also consider reasonable
police priorities.


  Hamiltonian operators are gauge dependent. For overcome this difficulty we
reexamined the effect of a gauge transformation on Schr\"odinger and Dirac
equations. We show that the gauge invariance of the operator
$H-i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}$ provides a way to find the energy
operator from first principles. In particular, when the system has stationary
states the energy operator can be identified without ambiguities for
non-relativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics. Finally, we examine other
approaches finding that in the case in which the electromagnetic field is time
independent, the energy operator obtained here is the same as one recently
proposed by Chen et al. [1].


  Pragmatic clinical trials evaluate the effectiveness of health interventions
in real-world settings. Negative spillover can arise in a pragmatic trial if
the study intervention affects how scarce resources are allocated between
patients in the intervention and comparison groups. This can harm patients
assigned to the control group and lead to overestimation of treatment effect.
While this type of negative spillover is often addressed in trials of social
welfare and public health interventions, there is little recognition of this
source of bias in the medical literature. In this article, I examine what
causes negative spillover and how it may have led clinical trial investigators
to overestimate the effect of patient navigation, AI-based physiological
alarms, and elective induction of labor. I also suggest ways to detect negative
spillover and design trials that avoid this potential source of bias.


  We construct a new class of representations of the canonical commutation
relations, which generalizes previously known classes. We perturb the
infinitesimal generator of the initial Fock representation (i.e. the free
quantum field) by a function of the field which is square-integrable with
respect to the associated Gaussian measure. We characterize which such
perturbations lead to representations of the canonical commutation relations.
We provide conditions entailing the irreducibility of such representations,
show explicitly that our class of representations subsumes previously studied
classes, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for our representations
to be unitarily equivalent, resp. quasi-equivalent, with Fock, coherent or
quasifree representations.


  We study direct detection bounds on cosmic ray-upscattered dark matter in
simplified models including light mediators. We find that the energy dependence
in the scattering cross section is significant, and produces stronger bounds
than previously found (which assumed constant cross sections) by many orders of
magnitude at low DM mass. Finally, we compute the "neutrino-floor" that will
limit future direct detection searches for cosmic ray-upscattered dark matter.
While we focus on vector interactions for illustration, we emphasize that the
energy dependence is critical in determining accurate bounds on any particle
physics model of Dark Matter-CR interactions from experimental data on this
scenario.


  We analyze the behavior of the eigenvalues of the following non local mixed
problem $\left\{ \begin{array}{rcll} (-\Delta)^{s} u &=& \lambda_1(D) \ u
&\inn\Omega,\\ u&=&0&\inn D,\\ \mathcal{N}_{s}u&=&0&\inn N. \end{array}\right $
Our goal is to construct different sequences of problems by modifying the
configuration of the sets $D$ and $N$, and to provide sufficient and necessary
conditions on the size and the location of these sets in order to obtain
sequences of eigenvalues that in the limit recover the eigenvalues of the
Dirichlet or Neumann problem. We will see that the non locality plays a crucial
role here, since the sets $D$ and $N$ can have infinite measure, a phenomenon
that does not appear in the local case (see for example \cite{D,D2,CP}).


  In the context of integrated correlators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM, we study the
2-point functions of local operators with a superconformal line defect.
Starting from the mass-deformed $\mathcal{N}=2^*$ theory in presence of a
$\frac{1}{2}$-BPS Wilson line, we exploit the residual superconformal symmetry
after the defect insertion, and show that the massive deformation corresponds
to integrated insertions of the superconformal primaries belonging to the
stress tensor multiplet with a specific integration measure which is explicitly
derived after enforcing the superconformal Ward identities. Finally, we show
how the Wilson line integrated correlator can be computed by the
$\mathcal{N}=2^*$ Wilson loop vacuum expectation value on a 4-sphere in terms
of a matrix model using supersymmetric localization. In particular, we
reformulate previous matrix model computations by making use of recursion
relations and Bessel kernels, providing a direct link with more general
localization computations in $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories.


  We introduce the notion of a symmetric basis of a vector space equipped with
a quadratic form, and provide a sufficient and necessary condition for the
existence to such a basis. Symmetric bases are then used to study Cayley graphs
of certain extraspecial 2-groups of order 2^{2r+1} (r\geq 1), which are further
shown to be normal Cayley graphs and 2-arc-transitive covers of 2r-dimensional
hypercubes.


  The wavefunctions in phase-space representation can be expressed as entire
functions of their zeros if the phase space is compact. These zeros seem to
hide a lot of relevant and explicit information about the underlying classical
dynamics. Besides, an understanding of their statistical properties may prove
useful in the analytical calculations of the wavefunctions in quantum chaotic
systems. This motivates us to persue the present study which by a numerical
statistical analysis shows that both long as well as the short range
correlations exist between zeros; while the latter turn out to be universal and
parametric-independent, the former seem to be system dependent and are
significantly affected by various parameters i.e symmetry, localization etc.
Furthermore, for the delocalized quantum dynamics, the distribution of these
zeros seem to mimick that of the zeros of the random functions as well as
random polynomials.


  The purpose of this paper is to establish an upper bound on the distance
between two pants decompositions in the pants complex for a closed surface of
genus g >= 2. This is done by use of graph theory. First distance is found in
the pants graph modulo the action of the mapping class group, and then between
pants decompositions within an orbit of this action.


  The exact properties of dark matter remain largely unknown despite the
accumulating evidence. If dark matter is composed of weakly interacting massive
particles, it would be accreted by the black hole in the galactic center and
form a dense, cuspy spike. Dynamical friction from this spike may have
observable effects in a binary system. We consider extreme-mass-ratio inspiral
(EMRI) binaries comprising massive black holes harbored in dark matter spikes
and stellar mass objects in elliptic orbits. We find that the
gravitational-wave waveforms in the frequency domain can be substantially
modified. In particular, we show that dark matter can suppress the
characteristic strain of a gravitational wave at low frequency but enhance it
at a higher domain. These effects are more dramatic as the dark matter density
increases. The results indicate that the signal-to-noise ratio of EMRIs can be
strongly reduced near $10^{-3}\sim 0.3$~Hz but enhanced near $1.0$~Hz with a
higher sensitivity, which can be probed via the future space-borne
gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, LISA and TAIJI. The findings will have
important impacts on the detection and parameter inference of EMRIs.


  We generalise the notions of good, middling good, and Verdier good morphisms
of distinguished triangles in triangulated categories, first introduced by
Neeman, to the setting of $n$-angulated categories, introduced in Geiss,
Keller, and Oppermann. We then prove that all morphisms of $n$-angles in an
$(n-2)$-cluster tilting $n$-angulated category are middling good for $n>3$.


  We discuss two different systems of number representations that both can be
called 'base 3/2'. We explain how they are connected. Unlike classical
fractional extension, these two systems provide a finite representation for
integers. We also discuss a connection between these systems and 3-free
sequences.


  Photometric observations of accreting, low-mass, pre-main-sequence stars
(i.e., Classical T Tauri stars; CTTS) have revealed different categories of
variability. Several of these classifications have been linked to changes in
$\dot{M}$. To test how accretion variability conditions lead to different
light-curve morphologies, we used 1D hydrodynamic simulations of accretion
along a magnetic field line coupled with radiative transfer models and a simple
treatment of rotation to generate synthetic light curves. We adopted previously
developed metrics in order to classify observations to facilitate comparisons
between observations and our models. We found that stellar mass, magnetic field
geometry, corotation radius, inclination, and turbulence all play roles in
producing the observed light curves and that no single parameter is entirely
dominant in controlling the observed variability. While the periodic behavior
of the light curve is most strongly affected by the inclination, it is also a
function of the magnetic field geometry and inner disk turbulence. Objects with
either pure dipole fields, strong aligned octupole components, or high
turbulence in the inner disk all tend to display accretion bursts. Objects with
anti-aligned octupole components or aligned, weaker octupole components tend to
show light curves with slightly fewer bursts. We did not find clear monotonic
trends between the stellar mass and empirical classification. This work
establishes the groundwork for more detailed characterization of well-studied
targets as more light curves of CTTS become available through missions such as
the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).


  In this paper we perform, in the spirit of the holographic correspondence, a
particular asymptotic limit of N=2, AdS_4 supergravity to N=2 supergravity on a
locally AdS_3 boundary. Our boundary theory enjoys OSp(2|2) x SO(1,2)
invariance and is shown to contain the D=3 super-Chern Simons OSp(2|2) theory
considered in [Alvarez:2011gd] and featuring "unconventional local
supersymmetry". The model constructed in that reference describes the dynamics
of a spin-1/2 Dirac field in the absence of spin 3/2 gravitini and was shown to
be relevant for the description of graphene, near the Dirac points, for
specific spatial geometries. Our construction yields the model in
[Alvarez:2011gd] with a specific prescription on the parameters. In this
framework the Dirac spin-1/2 fermion originates from the radial components of
the gravitini in D=4.


  The young X-ray and gamma-ray-bright supernova remnant RXJ1713.7-3946 (SNR
G347.3-0.5) is believed to be associated with molecular cores that lie within
regions of the most intense TeV emission. Using the Mopra telescope, four of
the densest cores were observed using high-critical density tracers such as
CS(J=1-0,J=2-1) and its isotopologue counterparts, NH3(1,1) and (2,2) inversion
transitions and N2H+(J=1-0) emission, confirming the presence of dense gas
>10^4cm^-3 in the region. The mass estimates for Core C range from 40M_{\odot}
(from CS(J=1-0)) to 80M_{\odot} (from NH3 and N2H+), an order of magnitude
smaller than published mass estimates from CO(J=1-0) observations. We also
modelled the energy-dependent diffusion of cosmic-ray protons accelerated by
RXJ1713.7-3946 into Core C, approximating the core with average density and
magnetic field values. We find that for considerably suppressed diffusion
coefficients (factors \chi=10^{-3} down to 10^{-5} the galactic average), low
energy cosmic-rays can be prevented from entering the inner core region. Such
an effect could lead to characteristic spectral behaviour in the GeV to TeV
gamma-ray and multi-keV X-ray fluxes across the core. These features may be
measurable with future gamma-ray and multi-keV telescopes offering arcminute or
better angular resolution, and can be a novel way to understand the level of
cosmic-ray acceleration in RXJ1713.7-3946 and the transport properties of
cosmic-rays in the dense molecular cores.


  We prove that n-variable logics do not have the weak Beth definability
property, for all n greater than 2. This was known for n=3 (Ildik\'o Sain and
Andr\'as Simon), and for n greater than 4 (Ian Hodkinson). Neither of the
previous proofs works for n=4. In this paper we settle the case of n=4, and we
give a uniform, simpler proof for all n greater than 2. The case for n=2 is
still open.


  Self-supervised learned (SSL) speech pre-trained models perform well across
various speech processing tasks. Distilled versions of SSL models have been
developed to match the needs of on-device speech applications. Though having
similar performance as original SSL models, distilled counterparts suffer from
performance degradation even more than their original versions in distorted
environments. This paper proposes to apply Cross-Distortion Mapping and Domain
Adversarial Training to SSL models during knowledge distillation to alleviate
the performance gap caused by the domain mismatch problem. Results show
consistent performance improvements under both in- and out-of-domain distorted
setups for different downstream tasks while keeping efficient model size.


  Despite the fact that only a small portion of muscles are affected in motion
disease and disorders, medical therapies do not distinguish between healthy and
unhealthy muscles. In this paper, a method is devised in order to calculate the
neural stimuli of the lower body during gait cycle and check if any group of
muscles are not acting properly. For this reason, an agent-based model of human
muscle is proposed. The agent is able to convert neural stimuli to force
generated by the muscle and vice versa. It can be used in many researches
including medical education and research and prosthesis development. Then,
Boots algorithm is designed based on a biomechanical model of human lower body
to do a reverse dynamics of human motion by computing the forces generated by
each muscle group. Using the agent-driven model of human muscle and boots
algorithm, a user-friendly application is developed which can calculate the
number of neural stimuli received by each muscle during gait cycle. The
application can be used by clinical experts to distinguish between healthy and
unhealthy muscles.


  With the pandemic of COVID-19, relevant fake news is spreading all over the
sky throughout the social media. Believing in them without discrimination can
cause great trouble to people's life. However, universal language models may
perform weakly in these fake news detection for lack of large-scale annotated
data and sufficient semantic understanding of domain-specific knowledge. While
the model trained on corresponding corpora is also mediocre for insufficient
learning. In this paper, we propose a novel transformer-based language model
fine-tuning approach for these fake news detection. First, the token vocabulary
of individual model is expanded for the actual semantics of professional
phrases. Second, we adapt the heated-up softmax loss to distinguish the
hard-mining samples, which are common for fake news because of the
disambiguation of short text. Then, we involve adversarial training to improve
the model's robustness. Last, the predicted features extracted by universal
language model RoBERTa and domain-specific model CT-BERT are fused by one
multiple layer perception to integrate fine-grained and high-level specific
representations. Quantitative experimental results evaluated on existing
COVID-19 fake news dataset show its superior performances compared to the
state-of-the-art methods among various evaluation metrics. Furthermore, the
best weighted average F1 score achieves 99.02%.


  In order to study some sets of probabilities, called induced averages by J.
Ecalle, F. Menous introduces two grafting operators $ B^{+} $ and $ B^{-} $.
With these two operators, we construct Hopf algebras of rooted and ordered
trees $ \mathcal{B}^{i} $, $ i \in \mathbb{N}^{\ast} $, $ \mathcal{B}^{\infty}
$ and $ \mathcal{B} $ satisfying the inclusion relations $ \mathcal{B}^{1}
\subseteq \hdots \mathcal{B}^{i} \subseteq \mathcal{B}^{i+1} \subseteq \hdots
\subseteq \mathcal{B}^{\infty} \subseteq \mathcal{B} $. We endow $ \mathcal{B}
$ with a structure of duplicial dendriform bialgebra and we deduce that $
\mathcal{B} $ is cofree and self-dual. Finally, we introduce the notion of
bigraft algebra and we prove that $ \mathcal{B} $ is generated as bigraft
algebra by the element $ \tdun{1} $.


  Large bibliographic networks are sparse -- the average node degree is small.
This is not necessarily true for their product -- in some cases, it can
``explode'' (it is not sparse, increases in time and space complexity). An
approach in such cases is to reduce the complexity of the problem by limiting
our attention to a selected subset of important nodes and computing with
corresponding truncated networks. The nodes can be selected by different
criteria. An option is to consider the most important nodes in the derived
network -- nodes with the largest weighted degree. It turns out that the
weighted degrees in the derived network can be computed efficiently without
computing the derived network itself.


  Whether our universe with present day acceleration can eventually collapse is
very interesting problem. We are also interesting in such problems, whether the
universe is closed? Why it is so flat? How long to expend a period for a cycle
of the universe? In this paper a simple ``slow-fast'' type of the quintessence
potential is designed for the closed universe to realize the present
acceleration of our universe and its eventual big collapse. A detail numerical
simulation of the universe evolution demonstrates that it divides the seven
stages, a very rich story. It is unexpected that the quintessential kinetic
energy is dominated in the shrink stage of the universe with very rapid
velocity of the energy increasing. A complete analytic analysis is given for
each stage. Some very interesting new problems brought by this collapse are
discussed. Therefore our model avoids naturally the future event horizon
problem of the present accelerative expanding universe and maybe realize the
infinite cycles of the universe, which supplies a mechanism to use naturally
the anthropic principle. This paper shows that the understanding on the essence
of the cosmological constant should contain a richer content.


  We evaluate two-body decay modes of charginos in the Minimal Supersymmetric
Standard Model with complex parameters (cMSSM). Assuming heavy scalar quarks we
take into account all decay channels involving charginos, neutralinos, (scalar)
leptons, Higgs bosons and Standard Model gauge bosons. The evaluation of the
decay widths is based on a full one-loop calculation including hard and soft
QED radiation. Special attention is paid to decays involving the Lightest
Supersymmetric Particle (LSP), i.e. the lightest neutralino, or a neutral or
charged Higgs boson. The higher-order corrections of the chargino decay widths
involving the LSP can easily reach a level of about \pm 10%, while the
corrections to the decays to Higgs bosons are slightly smaller, translating
into corrections of similar size in the respective branching ratios. These
corrections are important for the correct interpretation of LSP and Higgs
production at the LHC and at a future linear e+e- collider. The results will be
implemented into the Fortran code FeynHiggs.


  In density functional theory the exchange-correlation (XC) energy functional
can be defined exactly through the coupling-constant ($\lambda$) averaged XC
hole $\bar{n}_\text{xc}(\mathbf{r},\mathbf{r}')$, representing the probability
depletion of finding an electron at $\mathbf{r}$ due to an electron at
$\mathbf{r}$. Accurate knowledge of $\bar{n}_\text{xc}(\mathbf{r},\mathbf{r}')$
has been crucial for developing various XC energy density functional
approximations and understanding their performance for real molecules and
materials. However, there are very few systems for which accurate XC holes have
been calculated, since this requires evaluating the one- and two-particle
reduced density matrices for a reference wave function over a range of
$\lambda$ whilst the electron density remains fixed at the physical
($\lambda=1$) density. Although the coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD)
method can yield exact results for a two-electron system in the complete basis
set limit, it cannot capture the electron-electron cusp with commonly used
finite basis sets. In this study, focusing on the Hooke's atom as a
two-electron model system for which certain analytic solutions are known, we
examine the effect of this cusp error on the XC hole calculated using CCSD. The
Lieb functional is calculated at a range of coupling constants to determine the
$\lambda$-integrated XC hole. Our results indicate that, for the Hooke's atoms,
the error introduced by the description of the electron-electron cusp using
Gaussian basis sets at the CCSD level is negligible compared to the basis set
incompleteness error. The system-, angle- and coupling-constant-averaged XC
hole is calculated using the same approach and provides a benchmark against
which the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) and local density approximation (LDA) XC
hole models are assessed.


  In this paper, we introduce a simple mode-coupling model for concentrated
suspensions under flow . This model exhibits a jamming transition, and stress
vs shear rate relations which are very similar to experimental results. Namely
newtonian regime or yield stress are followed by a slow variation of the stress
for higher shear rates, and by an apparent newtonian regime for very large
shear rates. Another striking result is that under oscillating strain, even in
the jammed state, the system exhibits a relaxation time which depends on the
strain amplitude.


  In this paper, we present a novel design strategy of DNA codes with length
$3n$ over the non-chain ring $R=\mathbb{Z}_4+u\mathbb{Z}_4+u^2\mathbb{Z}_4$
with $64$ elements and $u^3=1$, where $n$ denotes the length of a code over
$R$. We first study and analyze a distance conserving map defined over the ring
$R$ into the length-$3$ DNA sequences. Then, we derive some conditions on the
generator matrix of a linear code over $R$, which leads to a DNA code with
reversible, reversible-complement, homopolymer $2$-run-length, and
$\frac{w}{3n}$-GC-content constraints for integer $w$ ($0\leq w\leq 3n$).
Finally, we propose a new construction of DNA codes using Reed-Muller type
generator matrices. This allows us to obtain DNA codes with reversible,
reversible-complement, homopolymer $2$-run-length, and $\frac{2}{3}$-GC-content
constraints.


  Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) have been discovered for almost a century,
but their nature remains one of the most challenging problems in astronomical
spectroscopy. Most recent work to identify and investigate the properties and
carriers of DIBs concentrates on high-resolution spectroscopy of selected
sight-lines. In this paper, we report detections of DIBs in the Sloan Digital
Sky Survey (SDSS) low-resolution spectra of a large sample of Galactic stars.
Using a template subtraction method, we have successfully identified the DIBs
$\lambda$$\lambda$5780, 6283 in the SDSS spectra of a sample of about 2,000
stars and measured their strengths and radial velocities. The sample is by far
the largest ever assembled. The targets span a large range of reddening, E(B-V)
~ 0.2 -- 1.0, and are distributed over a large sky area and involve a wide
range of stellar parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity and
metallicity), confirming that the carriers of DIBs are ubiquitous in the
diffuse interstellar medium (ISM). The sample is used to investigate relations
between strengths of DIBs and magnitudes of line-of-sight extinction, yielding
results (i.e., EW(5780)= 0.61 x E(B-V) and EW(6283) = 1.26 x E(B-V)) consistent
with previous studies. DIB features have also been detected in the
commissioning spectra of the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST) of resolving power
similar to that of SDSS. Detections of DIBs towards hundreds of thousands of
stars are expected from the on-going and up-coming large scale spectroscopic
surveys such as RAVE, SDSS III and LAMOST, particularly from the LAMOST Digital
Sky Survey of the Galactic Anti-center (DSS-GAC). Such a huge database will
provide an unprecedented opportunity to study the demographical distribution
and nature of DIBs as well as using DIBs to probe the distribution and
properties of the ISM and the dust extinction.


  The two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM), as one of the simplest extensions of the
Standard Model (SM), is obtained by adding another scalar doublet to the SM,
and is featured by a pair of charged scalars, which could affect many
low-energy processes. In the "Higgs basis" for a generic 2HDM, only one scalar
doublet gets a nonzero vacuum expectation value and, under the criterion of
minimal flavor violation, the other one is fixed to be either color-singlet or
color-octet, which are named as the type-III and the type-C 2HDM, respectively.
In this paper, we study the charged-scalar effects of these two models on the
$K^0-\bar{K}^0$ mixing, an ideal process to probe New Physics (NP) beyond the
SM. Firstly, we perform a complete one-loop computation of the box diagrams
relevant to the $K^0-\bar{K}^0$ mixing, keeping the mass and momentum of the
external strange quark up to the second order. Together with the up-to-date
theoretical inputs, we then give a detailed phenomenological analysis, in the
cases of both real and complex Yukawa couplings of the charged scalars to
quarks. The parameter spaces allowed by the current experimental data on the
mass difference $\Delta m_K$ and the CP-violating parameter $\epsilon_K$ are
obtained and the differences between these two 2HDMs are investigated, which
are helpful to distinguish them from each other from a phenomenological point
of view.


  Violation of Bell inequality is a prominent detection method for quantum
correlations present in composite quantum systems, both in finite and infinite
dimensions. We investigate the consequence on the violation of local realism
based on pseduospin operators when photons are added or subtracted in a single
mode or in both the modes of the two-mode squeezed states of light in presence
of noise. In the noiseless situation, we show that for addition (subtraction)
of photons in a single mode, there is an overall enhancement in the maximal
violation, although we observe an interplay between monotonicity and
non-monotonicity in the violation of Bell inequality depending on the squeezing
strength. Moreover, we report that for low squeezing or low number of photons
added or subtracted, subtraction in both the modes can lead to higher violation
of local realism than that in the case of addition. For any choice of
parameters, such ordering is not seen if one compares their entanglement
contents. In the event of a faulty twin-beam generator, we obtain a
lower-than-expected squeezing in the state. In such a case, or in imperfect
photon addition (subtraction), or under local noise, we find that the violation
of local realism by the noise-affected two-mode squeezed states always
decreases. Interestingly however, we notice that photon addition (subtraction)
can in general help to conquer the ill-effects of noise by enhancing the
violation of local realism or by transforming non-violating states to violating
ones, thereby acting as an activating agent.


  Privacy in speech and audio has many facets. A particularly under-developed
area of privacy in this domain involves consideration for information related
to content and context. Speech content can include words and their meaning or
even stylistic markers, pathological speech, intonation patterns, or emotion.
More generally, audio captured in-the-wild may contain background speech or
reveal contextual information such as markers of location, room
characteristics, paralinguistic sounds, or other audible events. Audio
recording devices and speech technologies are becoming increasingly commonplace
in everyday life. At the same time, commercialised speech and audio
technologies do not provide consumers with a range of privacy choices. Even
where privacy is regulated or protected by law, technical solutions to privacy
assurance and enforcement fall short. This position paper introduces three
important and timely research challenges for content privacy in speech and
audio. We highlight current gaps and opportunities, and identify focus areas,
that could have significant implications for developing ethical and safer
speech technologies.


  The topcolor-assisted technicolor (TC2) theory predicts tree-level
flavor-changing neutral-current (FCNC) top quark Yukawa couplings with
top-pions. Such FCNC interactions will induce like-sign top quark pair
productions at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While these rare productions
are far below the observable level in the Standard Model and other popular new
physics models such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Model, we find that in a
sound part of parameter space the TC2 model can enhance the production cross
sections to several tens of fb and thus may be observable at the LHC due to
rather low backgrounds. Searching for these productions at the LHC will serve
as an excellent probe for the TC2 model.


  As an application of fault-tolerant quantum computers, we consider radiation
transport calculations in this study. Radiation transport calculation using
Monte Carlo calculation can obtain a solution to even a problem difficult to
solve analytically. However, it is time-consuming depending on the scale and
precision of the problem. Because it is known that the computational complexity
of Monte Carlo calculation can be square rooted by quantum amplitude
estimation, acceleration can be expected if radiation transport calculation is
run on a quantum computer. In this study, we designed and investigated a
quantum circuit for a simplified transport calculation in which the reaction is
only forward scattering or absorption and the energy and time do not change as
well as showed the possibility of acceleration the calculation. Further, we
estimated the number of logical qubits required to solve practical problems
based on the quantum circuit.


  Cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) is a key tool for problems in real
algebraic geometry and beyond. When using CAD there is often a choice over the
variable ordering to use, with some problems infeasible in one ordering but
simple in another. Here we discuss a recent experiment comparing three
heuristics for making this choice on thousands of examples.


  This work uncovers a fundamental connection between doped stabilizer states,
a concept from quantum information theory, and the structure of eigenstates in
perturbed many-body quantum systems. We prove that for Hamiltonians consisting
of a sum of commuting Pauli operators (i.e., stabilizer Hamiltonians) and a
perturbation composed of a limited number of arbitrary Pauli terms, the
eigenstates can be represented as doped stabilizer states with small stabilizer
nullity. This result enables the application of stabilizer techniques to a
broad class of many-body systems, even in highly entangled regimes. Building on
this, we develop efficient classical algorithms for tasks such as finding
low-energy eigenstates, simulating quench dynamics, preparing Gibbs states, and
computing entanglement entropies in these systems. Our work opens up new
possibilities for understanding the robustness of topological order and the
dynamics of many-body systems under perturbations, paving the way for novel
insights into the interplay of quantum information, entanglement, and many-body
systems.


  Using the concept of diffused vorticity and the formalism of rotational
hydrodynamics we calculate the eigenmodes of a harmonically trapped
Bose-Einstein condensate containing an array of quantized vortices. We predict
the occurrence of a new branch of anomalous excitations, analogous to the
Kelvin modes of the single vortex dynamics. Special attention is devoted to the
excitation of the anomalous scissors mode.


  We present a novel multiview canonical correlation analysis model based on a
variational approach. This is the first nonlinear model that takes into account
the available graph-based geometric constraints while being scalable for
processing large scale datasets with multiple views. It is based on an
autoencoder architecture with graph convolutional neural network layers. We
experiment with our approach on classification, clustering, and recommendation
tasks on real datasets. The algorithm is competitive with state-of-the-art
multiview representation learning techniques.