  Recent radio frequency scanning tunneling spectroscopy (rf-STS) experiments
have demonstrated nuclear and electron spin excitations up to $\pm12\hbar$ in a
single molecular spin quantum dot (qudot). Despite the profound experimental
evidence, the observed independence of the well-established dipole selection
rules is not described by existing theory of magnetic resonance -- pointing to
a new excitation mechanism. Here we solve the puzzle of the underlying
mechanism by presenting all relevant mechanistic steps. At the heart of the
mechanism, periodic transient charging and electric polarization due to the
rf-modulated tunneling process cause a periodic asymmetric deformation of the
qudot, enabling spin transitions via spin-phonon-like coupling. The mechanism
has general relevance for a broad variety of different spin qudots exhibiting
internal mechanical degrees of freedom (organic molecules, doped semiconductor
qudots, nanocrystals, etc.).


  We prove that when the Aubry set for a Lipschitz continuous potential is a
subshift of finite type, then the pressure function converges exponentially
fast to its asymptote as the temperature goes to 0. The speed of convergence
turns out to be the unique eigenvalue for the matrix whose entries are the
costs between the different irreducible pieces of the Aubry set. For a special
case of Walter potential we show that pertubation of that potential that go
faster to zero than the pressure do not change the selection, nor for the
subaction, neither for the limit measure a zero temperature.


  The phenomenology of unstable particles, including searches and exclusion
limits at the LHC, depends significantly on its lineshape. When the width of
the resonance is large with respect to its mass, off-shell effects become
relevant and the very same definition of width becomes non trivial. Taking a
heavy Higgs boson as an example, we propose a new formulation to describe the
lineshape via an effective field theory approach. Our method leads to
amplitudes that are gauge invariant, respect unitarity and can appropriately
describe the lineshape of broad resonances. The application of the method to
the following relevant processes for the LHC phenomenology have been
considered: gluon fusion, vector boson scattering and $t\bar{t}$ production via
weak boson fusion.


  Story Visualization aims to generate images aligned with story prompts,
reflecting the coherence of storybooks through visual consistency among
characters and scenes.Whereas current approaches exclusively concentrate on
characters and neglect the visual consistency among contextually correlated
scenes, resulting in independent character images without inter-image
coherence.To tackle this issue, we propose a new presentation form for Story
Visualization called Storyboard, inspired by film-making, as illustrated in
Fig.1.Specifically, a Storyboard unfolds a story into visual representations
scene by scene. Within each scene in Storyboard, characters engage in
activities at the same location, necessitating both visually consistent scenes
and characters.For Storyboard, we design a general framework coined as
Make-A-Storyboard that applies disentangled control over the consistency of
contextual correlated characters and scenes and then merge them to form
harmonized images.Extensive experiments demonstrate 1) Effectiveness.the
effectiveness of the method in story alignment, character consistency, and
scene correlation; 2) Generalization. Our method could be seamlessly integrated
into mainstream Image Customization methods, empowering them with the
capability of story visualization.


  In the framework of various Glauber-like models we compute several
correlation observables in nuclear collisions at the SPS, RHIC, and LHC
energies. We analyze fluctuations of the eccentricity of the fireball created
in the collision, in particular the {variable-axes} harmonic moments
$\epsilon^\ast$, as well as the fluctuations of multiplicity of charged
particles. We find moderate model dependence of the scaled standard deviation
$\sigma(\epsilon^\ast)/\epsilon^\ast$ on the choice of the particular Glauber
model. For all considered models the values of
$\sigma(\epsilon^\ast)/\epsilon^\ast$ range from $\sim$~0.5 for central
collisions to $\sim$~0.3-0.4 for peripheral collisions. The results are
confronted to the recent measurement of the elliptic-flow fluctuations at RHIC.
We also find that the dependence of multiplicity fluctuations on the centrality
of the collision is too weak to explain the measurements at the SPS energies.
The magnitude of the Glauber multiplicity fluctuations increases by about 20%
from the RHIC to LHC energies.


  We use a highly complete subset of the GAMA-II redshift sample to fully
describe the stellar mass dependence of close-pairs and mergers between 10^8
Msun and 10^12 Msun. Using the analytic form of this fit we investigate the
total stellar mass accreting onto more massive galaxies across all mass ratios.
Depending on how conservatively we select our robust merging systems, the
fraction of mass merging onto more massive companions is 2.0%-5.6%. Using the
GAMA-II data we see no significant evidence for a change in the close-pair
fraction between redshift $z = 0.05-0.2$. However, we find a systematically
higher fraction of galaxies in similar mass close-pairs compared to published
results over a similar redshift baseline. Using a compendium of data and the
function $\gamma_M =A(1+z)m$ to predict the major close-pair fraction, we find
fitting parameters of $A = 0.021 \pm 0.001$ and $m = 1.53 \pm 0.08$, which
represents a higher low-redshift normalisation and shallower power-law slope
than recent literature values. We find that the relative importance of in-situ
star-formation versus galaxy merging is inversely correlated, with
star-formation dominating the addition of stellar material below Mstar and
merger accretion events dominating beyond Mstar. We find mergers have a
measurable impact on the whole extent of the GSMF, manifest as a deepening of
the dip in the GSMF over the next Gyr and an increase in Mstar by as much as
0.01-0.05 dex.


  While vision transformers (ViTs) have shown great potential in computer
vision tasks, their intense computation and memory requirements pose challenges
for practical applications. Existing post-training quantization methods
leverage value redistribution or specialized quantizers to address the
non-normal distribution in ViTs. However, without considering the asymmetry in
activations and relying on hand-crafted settings, these methods often struggle
to maintain performance under low-bit quantization. To overcome these
challenges, we introduce SmoothQuant with bias term (SQ-b) to alleviate the
asymmetry issue and reduce the clamping loss. We also introduce optimal scaling
factor ratio search (OPT-m) to determine quantization parameters by a
data-dependent mechanism automatically. To further enhance the compressibility,
we incorporate the above-mentioned techniques and propose a mixed-precision
post-training quantization framework for vision transformers (MPTQ-ViT). We
develop greedy mixed-precision quantization (Greedy MP) to allocate layer-wise
bit-width considering both model performance and compressibility. Our
experiments on ViT, DeiT, and Swin demonstrate significant accuracy
improvements compared with SOTA on the ImageNet dataset. Specifically, our
proposed methods achieve accuracy improvements ranging from 0.90% to 23.35% on
4-bit ViTs with single-precision and from 3.82% to 78.14% on 5-bit fully
quantized ViTs with mixed-precision.


  We present a compact formula for the derivative of a 3-D rotation matrix with
respect to its exponential coordinates. A geometric interpretation of the
resulting expression is provided, as well as its agreement with other
less-compact but better-known formulas. To the best of our knowledge, this
simpler formula does not appear anywhere in the literature. We hope by
providing this more compact expression to alleviate the common pressure to
reluctantly resort to alternative representations in various computational
applications simply as a means to avoid the complexity of differential analysis
in exponential coordinates.


  In this article, we will discuss methods and ideas which are implemented on
Namira 2D Soccer Simulation team in the recent year. Numerous scientific and
programming activities were done in the process of code development, but we
will mention the most outstanding ones in details. A Kalman filtering method
for localization and two helpful software packages will be discussed here.
Namira uses agent2d-3.1.1 as base code and librcsc-4.1.0 as library with some
deliberate changes.


  The modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), suggested by Milgrom as an
alternative to dark matter, implies that isothermal spheres with a fixed
anisotropy parameter should exhibit a near perfect relation between the mass
and the fourth power of the velocity dispersion. This is consistent with the
observed Faber-Jackson relation for elliptical galaxies-- a luminosity-velocity
dispersion relation with large scatter. However, the observable global
properties of elliptical galaxies comprise a three parameter family; they lie
on a ``fundamental plane'' in a logarithmic space consisting of central
velocity dispersion, effective radius, and luminosity. The scatter
perpendicular to this plane is significantly less than that about the
Faber-Jackson relation. I show here that, in order to match the observed global
properties of elliptical galaxies with MOND, models must deviate from being
strictly isothermal and isotropic; such objects can be approximated by
high-order polytropic spheres with a radial orbit anisotropy in the outer
regions. MOND imposes boundary conditions on the inner Newtonian regions which
restrict these models to a dynamical fundamental plane which may differ from
that implied by the traditional virial theorem. Scatter about this plane is
relatively insensitive to the necessary deviations from homology.


  The element Ce exhibits an isostructural $\gamma-\alpha$ phase transition
with a 15\% volume change at room temperature. The phase boundary ends in a
critical point at 1.5 GPa and 480 K. We describe a model for the equation of
state of Ce in the $\gamma-\alpha$ transition region. The model is based on the
idea, supported by modern many-body calculations, of a continuously varying
degree of localization of the $4f$ electrons as a function of compression. The
functional forms used are motivated by many-body calculations, with parameters
determined by experiments, resulting in a physics-based empirical EOS. In the
large-volume $\gamma$ phase, degeneracy of the $j = 5/2$ state of the localized
$4f$ electron makes a large contribution to the entropy. Rapid variation of the
thermal electronic free energy with volume leads to unusually large electronic
contributions to the pressure and thermodynamic Gr\"{u}neisen parameter. The
static lattice energy has two local minima, with the $\alpha$-like minimum
lower than the $\gamma$-like one by 6.3 meV/atom.


  We study the sensitivity of future low energy neutrino experiments to extra
neutral gauge bosons, leptoquarks and R-parity breaking interactions. We focus
on future proposals to measure coherent neutrino-nuclei scattering and
neutrino-electron elastic scattering. We introduce a new comparative analysis
between these experiments and show that in different types of new physics it is
possible to obtain competitive bounds to those of present and future collider
experiments. For the cases of leptoquarks and R-parity breaking interactions we
found that the expected sensitivity for most of the future low energy
experimental setups is better than the current constraints.


  Proof-of-Space provides an intriguing alternative for consensus protocol of
permissionless blockchains due to its recyclable nature and the potential to
support multiple chains simultaneously. However, a direct shared proof of the
same storage, which was adopted in the existing multi-chain schemes based on
Proof-of-Space, could give rise to newborn attack on new chain launching. To
fix this gap, we propose an innovative framework of single-chain Proof-of-Space
and further present a novel multi-chain scheme which can resist newborn attack
effectively by elaborately combining shared proof and chain-specific proof of
storage. Moreover, we analyze the security of the multi-chain scheme and prove
that it is incentive-compatible. This means that participants in such
multi-chain system can achieve their greatest utility with our proposed
strategy of storage resource partition.


  Given a compact complex manifold X of dimension n, we define a bimeromorphic
invariant $\kappa_+(X)$ as the maximum p for which there is a saturated line
subsheaf L of the sheaf of holomorphic p forms whose Kodaira dimension $\kappa
(L)$ equals p. We call X special if $\kappa_+(X)=0$. We give some evidence that
this condition characterizes X to have identically vanishing Kobayashi
pseudometric. We use the well-known construction of F. Campana to give, for
each projective X a canonical fibration $f: X\to Y$ holomorphic outside a
proper subvariety of Y and whose general fibers are special. We show that the
inherited orbifold structure on Y defined via the minimum multiplicity of those
of the components of each fiber does not admit positive dimensional special
sub-orbifolds through the general points of Y. We note that the Iitaka
fibration or any rationally connected fibration of X is a natural factor of f
and we show that this solves a general conjecture in Mori's classification
program of algebraic varieties, namely, that an algebraic variety is either of
general type, or (birationally) has a canonical fibration with positive
dimensional special type fibers that factors through the Iitaka and rationally
connected fibrations of X.


  We study charge entanglement in two Coulomb-coupled double quantum dots in
thermal equilibrium and under stationary non-equilibrium transport conditions.
In the transport regime, the entanglement exhibits a clear switching threshold
and various limits due to suppression of tunneling by Quantum Zeno localisation
or by an interaction induced energy gap. We also calculate quantum noise
spectra and discuss the inter-dot current correlation as an indicator of the
entanglement in transport experiments.


  There are several supernova remnants which contain unresolved X-ray sources
close to their centers, presumably radio-quiet neutron stars. To prove that
these objects are indeed neutron stars, to understand the origin of their X-ray
radiation, and to explain why they are radio-quiet, one should know their
periods and period derivatives. We searched for pulsations of the X-ray flux
from the radio-quiet neutron star candidate RX J0822-4300 near the center of
the Puppis A supernova remnant observed with the ROSAT PSPC and HRI. A standard
timing analysis of the separate PSPC and HRI data sets does not allow one to
detect the periodicity unequivocally. However, a thorough analysis of the two
observations separated by 4.56 yr enabled us to find a statistically
significant period $P\simeq 75.3$ ms and its derivative $\dot{P}\simeq
1.49\times 10^{-13}$ s s$^{-1}$. The corresponding characteristic parameters of
the neutron star, age $\tau=P/(2\dot{P})=8.0$ kyr, magnetic field $B=3.4\times
10^{12}$ G, and rotational energy loss $\dot{E}=1.4\times 10^{37}$ erg
s$^{-1}$, are typical for young radio pulsars. Since the X-ray radiation has a
thermal-like spectrum, its pulsations may be due to a nonuniform temperature
distribution over the neutron star surface caused by anisotropy of the heat
conduction in the strongly magnetized crust.


  There exists an infinite series of ratios by which one can derive the Riemann
zeta function $\zeta(s)$ from Catalan numbers and central binomial coefficients
which appear in the terms of the series. While admittedly the derivation is not
deep it does indicate some combinatorial aspect to the Riemann zeta function.
But we actually do find also four additional new closed formulas, which include
a formula by which one can compute $\zeta(s)$ for a countably infinite number
of discrete positive values for $s$ where the formula contains Catalan numbers
not in infinite series. The Riemann zeta function has applications in physics,
such as in computations related to the Casimir effect. Our result indicates a
link between the Riemann zeta function, combinatorics, Catalan numbers, the
central binomial coefficient and the content of a hypersphere, under certain
conditions.


  We investigate the optical response of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate
with a vortex lattice. We find that it is possible for the vortex lattice to
act as a photonic crystal and create photonic band gaps, by enhancing the
refractive index of the condensate via a quantum coherent scheme. If high
enough index contrast between the vortex core and the atomic sample is
achieved, a photonic band gap arises depending on the healing length and the
lattice spacing. A wide range of experimentally accessible parameters are
examined and band gaps in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum
are found. We also show how directional band gaps can be used to directly
measure the rotation frequency of the condensate.


  We present the first model that couples high-resolution simulations of the
formation of Local Group galaxies with calculations of the galactic habitable
zone (GHZ), a region of space which has sufficient metallicity to form
terrestrial planets without being subject to hazardous radiation. These
simulations allow us to make substantial progress in mapping out the asymmetric
three-dimensional GHZ and its time evolution for the Milky Way (MW) and
Triangulum (M33) galaxies, as opposed to works that generally assume an
azimuthally symmetric GHZ.
  Applying typical habitability metrics to MW and M33, we find that while a
large number of habitable planets exist as close as a few kiloparsecs from the
galactic centre, the probability of individual planetary systems being
habitable rises as one approaches the edge of the stellar disc. Tidal streams
and satellite galaxies also appear to be fertile grounds for habitable planet
formation.
  In short, we find that both galaxies arrive at similar GHZs by different
evolutionary paths, as measured by the first and third quartiles of surviving
biospheres. For the Milky Way, this interquartile range begins as a narrow band
at large radii, expanding to encompass much of the galaxy at intermediate times
before settling at a range of 2-13kpc. In the case of M33, the opposite
behaviour occurs - the initial and final interquartile ranges are quite
similar, showing gradual evolution. This suggests that galaxy assembly history
strongly influences the time evolution of the GHZ, which will affect the
relative time lag between biospheres in different galactic locations. We end by
noting the caveats involved in such studies and demonstrate that high
resolution cosmological simulations will play a vital role in understanding
habitability on galactic scales, provided that these simulations accurately
resolve chemical evolution.


  A simple scaling theory for the sintering of fractal aerogels is presented.
The densification at small scales is described by an increase of the lower
cut-off length $a$ accompanied by a decrease of the upper cut-off length $\xi$,
in order to conserve the total mass of the system. Scaling laws are derived
which predict how $a$, $\xi$ and the specific pore surface area $\Sigma$ should
depend on the density $\rho$. Following the general ideas of the theory,
numerical simulations of sintering are proposed starting from computer
simulations of aerogel structure based on a diffusion-limited cluster-cluster
aggregation gelling process. The numerical results for $a$, $\xi$ and $\Sigma$
as a function of $\rho$ are discussed according to the initial aerogel density.
The scaling theory is only fully recovered in the limit of very low density
where the original values of $a$ and $\xi$ are well separated. These numerical
results are compared with experiments on partially densified aerogels.


  The redshifted 21 cm transition line of hydrogen tracks the thermal evolution
of the neutral intergalactic medium (IGM) at "cosmic dawn," during the
emergence of the first luminous astrophysical objects (~100 Myr after the Big
Bang) but before these objects ionized the IGM (~400-800 Myr after the Big
Bang). Because X-rays, in particular, are likely to be the chief energy courier
for heating the IGM, measurements of the 21 cm signature can be used to infer
knowledge about the first astrophysical X-ray sources. Using analytic arguments
and a numerical population synthesis algorithm, we argue that the progenitors
of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) should be the dominant source of hard
astrophysical X-rays---and thus the primary driver of IGM heating and the 21 cm
signature---at redshifts $z < 20$, if (i) they grow readily from the remnants
of Population III stars and (ii) produce X-rays in quantities comparable to
what is observed from active galactic nuclei and high-mass X-ray binaries. We
show that models satisfying these assumptions dominate over contributions to
IGM heating from stellar populations, and cause the 21 cm brightness
temperature to rise at $z > 20$. An absence of such a signature in the
forthcoming observational data would imply that SMBH formation occurred later
(e.g. via so-called direct collapse scenarios), that it was not a common
occurrence in early galaxies and protogalaxies, or that it produced far fewer
X-rays than empirical trends at lower redshifts, either due to intrinsic
dimness (radiative inefficiency) or Compton-thick obscuration close to the
source.


  The atmospheres of weakly-magnetized neutron stars expand hydrostatically and
rotate differentially during thermonuclear X-ray bursts. Differential rotation
is probably related to the frequency drifts of millisecond burst oscillations
exhibited by about a dozen nuclear-powered X-ray pulsars. Here, we analyze the
linear stability of this differential rotation with respect to local,
axisymmetric, multi-diffusive MHD perturbations, at various heights in the
neutron star atmosphere. Unstable magneto-rotational modes are identified from
within to well above the burning layers. Properties of the fastest growing
modes depend sensitively on the local magnetic field geometry. Linear estimates
suggest that momentum transport due to magneto-rotational instabilities can
affect atmospheric rotation profiles on time-scales relevant to burst
oscillations. This transport would likely strengthen the coherence of burst
oscillations and contribute to their drifts.


  Machine learning (ML) is increasingly becoming a common tool in computational
chemistry. At the same time, the rapid development of ML methods requires a
flexible software framework for designing custom workflows. MLatom 3 is a
program package designed to leverage the power of ML to enhance typical
computational chemistry simulations and to create complex workflows. This
open-source package provides plenty of choice to the users who can run
simulations with the command line options, input files, or with scripts using
MLatom as a Python package, both on their computers and on the online XACS
cloud computing at XACScloud.com. Computational chemists can calculate energies
and thermochemical properties, optimize geometries, run molecular and quantum
dynamics, and simulate (ro)vibrational, one-photon UV/vis absorption, and
two-photon absorption spectra with ML, quantum mechanical, and combined models.
The users can choose from an extensive library of methods containing
pre-trained ML models and quantum mechanical approximations such as AIQM1
approaching coupled-cluster accuracy. The developers can build their own models
using various ML algorithms. The great flexibility of MLatom is largely due to
the extensive use of the interfaces to many state-of-the-art software packages
and libraries.


  This problem was solved within the framework of the grant project "Solving of
problems of cluster analysis with application of parallel algorithms and cloud
technologies" in the Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modelling in
Almaty. The problem of cluster analysis for the large amount of data is very
important in different areas of science - genetics, biology, sociology etc. At
the same time, such statistical known packages as STATISTICA, STADIA, SYSTAT
and others do not allow to solve large problems. The new algorithm that uses
the high processing power of GPUs for solving clustering problems by the
K-means method was developed. This algorithm is implemented as a C++
application in Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 with using the GPU Nvidia GeForce
660. The developed software package for solving clustering problems by the
method of K - means with using GPUs allows us to handle up to 2 million records
with number of features up to 25. The gain in the computing time is in factor
5. We plan to increase this factor up to 20-30 after improving the algorithms.


  With the growing threat of energy crisis and the increasing need to power
microelectronic devices, people are seeking potential alternative energies that
can replace the conventional sources such as fossil fuels. Due to its simple
structure, low cost, and high performance, the triboelectric nanogenerator
(TENG) which is based on the contact electrification has become one of the most
promising candidates. Although plays a crucial role in determining the amount
of charge transfer of TENG, the fundamental mechanism that underlies the charge
transfer in the contact electrification of insulator-insulator contacts has
still not been completely understood. In this paper, the dynamics of charge
transfer in the contact electrification is investigated by observing the
triboluminescence of the sliding contacts and a theoretical model is proposed
for the electrification of insulator-insulator contacts. In the present
"Capacitor model", the electron tunneling is assumed to be the dominating
mechanism in the electrification and the driving force for the electron
transfer is the contact potential difference, and thus, the electrification is
considered as a charging process of the capacitor formed by the contact
surfaces. The consistency between the predictions by the present model and the
experiments may confirm again that the electron transfer is the dominant
process in the contact electrification of insulator-insulator contacts.


  Recently, there has been significant interest in various supervised machine
learning techniques that can help reduce the time and effort consumed by manual
interpretation workflows. However, most successful supervised machine learning
algorithms require huge amounts of annotated training data. Obtaining these
labels for large seismic volumes is a very time-consuming and laborious task.
We address this problem by presenting a weakly-supervised approach for
predicting the labels of various seismic structures. By having an interpreter
select a very small number of exemplar images for every class of subsurface
structures, we use a novel similarity-based retrieval technique to extract
thousands of images that contain similar subsurface structures from the seismic
volume. By assuming that similar images belong to the same class, we obtain
thousands of image-level labels for these images; we validate this assumption
in our results section. We then introduce a novel weakly-supervised algorithm
for mapping these rough image-level labels into more accurate pixel-level
labels that localize the different subsurface structures within the image. This
approach dramatically simplifies the process of obtaining labeled data for
training supervised machine learning algorithms on seismic interpretation
tasks. Using our method we generate thousands of automatically-labeled images
from the Netherlands Offshore F3 block with reasonably accurate pixel-level
labels. We believe this work will allow for more advances in machine
learning-enabled seismic interpretation.


  We present HST/WFPC2 images of the narrow line region (NLR) of the Seyfert 2
galaxy ESO 428-G14 (0714-2914, M4-1). The NLR consists of many individual, thin
strands, which are very closely related to the radio jet and produce a highly
complex yet ordered structure. We find that the jet is two-sided with a
double-helix of emission-line gas apparently wrapped around the NW side. To the
SE, the jet seems to be deflected at a ridge of highly excited gas. The strands
to the SE may also wrap around the radio jet, but here complete helices are not
seen. The overall structure is reminiscent of the jet seen in NGC 4258. Faint
symmetric features aligned with the nucleus could indicate the presence of a
highly collimated beam of photons or plasma from the center.


  Let $\mu$ = ($\mu$t)t$\in$R be any 1-parameter family of probability measures
on R. Its quantile process (Gt)t$\in$R : ]0, 1[ $\rightarrow$ RR, given by
Gt($\alpha$) = inf{x $\in$ R : $\mu$t(]--$\infty$, x]) > $\alpha$}, is not
Markov in general. We modify it to build the Markov process we call
"Markov-quantile".We first describe the discrete analogue: if ($\mu$n)n$\in$Z
is a family of probability measures on R, a Markov process Y = (Yn)n$\in$Z such
that Law(Yn) = $\mu$n is given by the data of its couplings from n to n + 1,
i.e. Law((Yn, Yn+1)), and the process Y is the inhomogeneous Markov chain
having those couplings as transitions. Therefore, there is a canonical Markov
process with marginals $\mu$n and as similar as possible to the quantile
process: the chain whose transitions are the quantile couplings. We show that
an analogous process exists for a continuous parameter t: there is a unique
Markov process X with the measures $\mu$t as marginals, and being a limit for
the finite dimensional topology of quantile processes where the past is made
independent of the future at finitely many times (many non-Markovian limits
exist in general). The striking fact is that the construction requires no
regularity for the family $\mu$. We rely on order arguments, which seems to be
completely new for the purpose.We also prove new results the Markov-quantile
process yields in two contemporary frameworks:-- In case $\mu$ is increasing
for the stochastic order, X has increasing trajectories. This is an analogue of
a result of Kellerer dealing with the convex order, peacocks and martingales.
Modifiying Kellerer's proof, we also prove simultaneously his result and ours
in this case.-- If $\mu$ is absolutely continuous in Wasserstein space P2(R)
then X is solution of a Benamou--Brenier transport problem with marginals
$\mu$t. Itprovides a Markov probabilistic representation of the continuity
equation, unique in a certain sense.


  Recommender systems have been gaining increasing research attention over the
years. Most existing recommendation methods focus on capturing users'
personalized preferences through historical user-item interactions, which may
potentially violate user privacy. Additionally, these approaches often overlook
the significance of the temporal fluctuation in item popularity that can sway
users' decision-making. To bridge this gap, we propose Popularity-Aware
Recommender (PARE), which makes non-personalized recommendations by predicting
the items that will attain the highest popularity. PARE consists of four
modules, each focusing on a different aspect: popularity history, temporal
impact, periodic impact, and side information. Finally, an attention layer is
leveraged to fuse the outputs of four modules. To our knowledge, this is the
first work to explicitly model item popularity in recommendation systems.
Extensive experiments show that PARE performs on par or even better than
sophisticated state-of-the-art recommendation methods. Since PARE prioritizes
item popularity over personalized user preferences, it can enhance existing
recommendation methods as a complementary component. Our experiments
demonstrate that integrating PARE with existing recommendation methods
significantly surpasses the performance of standalone models, highlighting
PARE's potential as a complement to existing recommendation methods.
Furthermore, the simplicity of PARE makes it immensely practical for industrial
applications and a valuable baseline for future research.


  We introduce screw functions for Dirichlet series in the extended Selberg
class. Then we prove that the Grand Riemann Hypothesis for a member of the
extended Selberg class is equivalent to the nonpositivity of the corresponding
screw function.


  We describe our program for the dynamical modeling of early-type galaxies
observed with the panoramic integral-field spectrograph SAURON. We are using
Schwarzschild's numerical orbit superposition method to reproduce in detail all
kinematical and photometric observables, and recover the intrinsic orbital
structure of the galaxies. Since catastrophes are the most prominent features
in the orbital observables, two-dimensional kinematical coverage is essential
to constrain the dynamical models.


  The joint user association and spectrum allocation problem is studied for
multi-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) in both downlink and uplink in the
interference-limited regime. Users are associated with base-stations (BSs)
based on the biased downlink received power. Spectrum is either shared or
orthogonally partitioned among the tiers. This paper models the placement of
BSs in different tiers as spatial point processes and adopts stochastic
geometry to derive the theoretical mean proportionally fair utility of the
network based on the coverage rate. By formulating and solving the network
utility maximization problem, the optimal user association bias factors and
spectrum partition ratios are analytically obtained for the multi-tier network.
The resulting analysis reveals that the downlink and uplink user associations
do not have to be symmetric. For uplink under spectrum sharing, if all tiers
have the same target signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), distance-based user
association is shown to be optimal under a variety of path loss and power
control settings. For both downlink and uplink, under orthogonal spectrum
partition, it is shown that the optimal proportion of spectrum allocated to
each tier should match the proportion of users associated with that tier.
Simulations validate the analytical results. Under typical system parameters,
simulation results suggest that spectrum partition performs better for downlink
in terms of utility, while spectrum sharing performs better for uplink with
power control.


  Monte Carlo techniques based on indivisible energy packets are described for
computing light curves and spectra for 3-D supernovae. The radiative transfer
is time-dependent and includes all effects of O(v/c). Monte Carlo quantization
is achieved by discretizing the initial distribution of 56Ni into radioactive
pellets. Each pellet decays with the emission of a single energy packet
comprising gamma-ray photons representing one line from either the 56Ni or the
56Co decay spectrum. Subsequently, these energy packets propagate through the
homologously-expanding ejecta with appropriate changes in the nature of their
contained energy as they undergo Compton scatterings and pure absorptions.
  The 3-D code is tested by applying it to a spherically-symmetric SN in which
the transfer of optical radiation is treated with a grey absorption
coefficient. This 1-D problem is separately solved using Castor's co-moving
frame moment equations. Satisfactory agreement is obtained.
  The Monte Carlo code is a platform onto which more advanced treatments of the
interactions of matter and radiation can be added. Some of these have already
been developed and tested in previous papers and are summarized here.


  We report extensive photometry of the dwarf nova V419 Lyr throughout its 2006
July superoutburst till quiescence. The superoutburst with amplitude of ~3.5
magnitude lasted at least 15 days and was characterized by the presence of
clear superhumps with a mean period of Psh=0.089985(58) days (129.58+-0.08
min). According to the Stolz-Schoembs relation, this indicates that the orbital
period of the binary should be around 0.086 days i.e. within the period gap.
During the superoutburst the superhump period was decreasing with the rate of
dotP/Psh=-24.8(2.2)*10^-5, which is one of the highest values ever observed in
SU UMa systems. At the end of the plateau phase, the superhump period
stabilized at a value of 0.08983(8) days. The superhump amplitude decreased
from 0.3 mag at the beginning of the superoutburst to 0.1 mag at its end. In
the case of V419 Lyr we have not observed clear secondary humps, which seems to
be typical for long period systems.


  We consider two dimensional string backgrounds. We discuss the physics of
long strings that come from infinity. These are related to non-singlets in the
dual matrix model description.


  We study the spread of stochastic SIR (Susceptible $\to$ Infectious $\to$
Recovered) epidemics in two types of structured populations, both consisting of
schools and households. In each of the types, every individual is part of one
school and one household. In the independent partition model, the partitions of
the population into schools and households are independent of each other. This
model corresponds to the well-studied household-workplace model. In the
hierarchical model which we introduce here, members of the same household are
also members of the same school.
  We introduce computable branching process approximations for both types of
populations and use these to compare the probabilities of a large outbreak. The
branching process approximation in the hierarchical model is novel and of
independent interest. We prove by a coupling argument that if all households
and schools have the same size, an epidemic spreads easier (in the sense that
the number of individuals infected is stochastically larger) in the independent
partition model. We also show by example that this result does not necessarily
hold if households and/or schools do not all have the same size.


  The WARP programme for dark matter search with a double phase argon detector
is presented. In such a detector both excitation and ionization produced by an
impinging particle are evaluated by the contemporary measurement of primary
scintillation and secondary (proportional) light signal, this latter being
produced by extracting and accelerating ionization electrons in the gas phase.
The proposed technique, verified on a 2.3 liters prototype, could be used to
efficiently discriminate nuclear recoils, induced by WIMP's interactions, and
measure their energy spectrum. An overview of the 2.3 liters results and of the
proposed 100 liters detector is shown.


  This work proposes deep network models and learning algorithms for
unsupervised and supervised binary hashing. Our novel network design constrains
one hidden layer to directly output the binary codes. This addresses a
challenging issue in some previous works: optimizing non-smooth objective
functions due to binarization. Moreover, we incorporate independence and
balance properties in the direct and strict forms in the learning. Furthermore,
we include similarity preserving property in our objective function. Our
resulting optimization with these binary, independence, and balance constraints
is difficult to solve. We propose to attack it with alternating optimization
and careful relaxation. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets show
that our proposed methods compare favorably with the state of the art.


  In earlier papers (Roshi & Anantharamaiah 2000, 2001a), we presented
extensive surveys (angular resolution -- 2\deg $\times$ 2\deg & 2\deg $\times$
6\arcmin) of radio recombination lines (RRLs) near 327 MHz in the longitude
range $l = $ 332\deg $\to$ 89\deg using the Ooty Radio Telescope. These surveys
have detected carbon lines mostly between $l = $ 358\deg $\to$ 20\deg and in a
few positions at other longitudes. This paper presents the observed carbon line
parameters in the high-resolution survey and a study of the galactic
distribution and angular extent of the line emission observed in the surveys.
The carbon lines detected in the surveys arise in ``diffuse'' \CII regions. The
\lv diagram and radial distribution constructed from our carbon line data shows
similarity with that obtained from hydrogen recombination lines at 3 cm from
\HII regions indicating that the distribution of the diffuse \CII regions in
the inner Galaxy resembles the distribution of the star-forming regions. We
estimated the [CII] 158 micron emission from diffuse \CII regions and find that
upto 95 % of the total observed [CII] 158 micron emission can arise in diffuse
\CII regions if the temperature of the latter $\sim 80$ K. Our high-resolution
survey data shows that the carbon line emitting regions have structures on
angular scale $\sim$ 6\arcmin. Analysis of the dual-resolution observations
toward a 2\deg wide field centered at $l = $ 13\deg.9 and toward the longitude
range $l = $ 1\deg.75 to 6\deg.75 shows the presence of narrow ($\Delta V \le $
15 \kms) carbon line emitting regions extending over several degrees in $l$ and
$b$. The physical size perpendicular to the line-of-sight of an individual
diffuse \CII region in these directions is $>$ 200 pc.


  We study scenarios where a finite set of non-demolition von-Neumann
measurements are available. We note that, in some situations, repeated
application of such measurements allows estimating an infinite number of
parameters of the initial quantum state, and illustrate the point with a
physical example. We then move on to study how the system under observation is
perturbed after several rounds of projective measurements. While in the finite
dimensional case the effect of this perturbation always saturates, there are
some instances of infinite dimensional systems where such a perturbation is
accumulative, and the act of retrieving information about the system increases
its energy indefinitely (i.e., we have `Heat Vision'). We analyze this effect
and discuss a specific physical system with two dichotomic von-Neumann
measurements where Heat Vision is expected to show.


  Mesoporous silica particles of MCM-41 type were synthesized by sol-gel method
from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in 2-methoxyethanol and deionized water
mixture in base conditions at room temperature. Ammonia or sodium hydroxides
were used as catalysts and cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and
n-dodecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) as structure directing agents. The
porosities and the ordered structure have been analyzed using transmission and
scanning electron microscopy, small angle neutron and X-ray diffraction,
nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The samples
consist of spherical particles of sub-micrometer size, with radially arranged
pores. The comparison of the effect of the different surfactants and catalysts
shows that by varying the surfactant type and their proportion, the pore sizes
can be controlled. As compared to the commonly used ammonia catalyst, the use
of NaOH as catalyst results in a much smaller porosity of the as-prepared
materials. These materials are not resisting to the heat treatment at 700 C
used for the template removal, and the ordered porous structure is completely
lost.


  The recent observation of high-lying Rydberg states of excitons in
semiconductors with relatively high binding energy motivates exploring their
applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information processing.
Here, we study Rydberg excitation dynamics of a mesoscopic array of excitons to
demonstrate its application in simulation of quantum many-body dynamics. We
show that the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-ordered phase can be reached using physical
parameters available for cuprous oxide (Cu$_2$O) by optimizing driving laser
parameters such as duration, intensity, and frequency. In an example, we study
the application of our proposed system to solving the Maximum Independent Set
(MIS) problem based on the Rydberg blockade effect.


  We present a streaming algorithm for the vertex connectivity problem in
dynamic streams with a (nearly) optimal space bound: for any $n$-vertex graph
$G$ and any integer $k \geq 1$, our algorithm with high probability outputs
whether or not $G$ is $k$-vertex-connected in a single pass using
$\widetilde{O}(k n)$ space.
  Our upper bound matches the known $\Omega(k n)$ lower bound for this problem
even in insertion-only streams -- which we extend to multi-pass algorithms in
this paper -- and closes one of the last remaining gaps in our understanding of
dynamic versus insertion-only streams. Our result is obtained via a novel
analysis of the previous best dynamic streaming algorithm of Guha, McGregor,
and Tench [PODS 2015] who obtained an $\widetilde{O}(k^2 n)$ space algorithm
for this problem. This also gives a model-independent algorithm for computing a
"certificate" of $k$-vertex-connectivity as a union of $O(k^2\log{n})$ spanning
forests, each on a random subset of $O(n/k)$ vertices, which may be of
independent interest.


  We prove that any left-ordered inp-minimal group is abelian, and we provide
an example of a non-abelian left-ordered group of dp-rank 2.


  In this article we consider the infinite-horizon Merton
investment-consumption problem in a constant-parameter Black - Scholes - Merton
market for an agent with constant relative risk aversion R. The classical
primal approach is to write down a candidate value function and to use a
verification argument to prove that this is the solution to the problem.
However, features of the problem take it outside the standard settings of
stochastic control, and the existing primal verification proofs rely on
parameter restrictions (especially, but not only, R<1), restrictions on the
space of admissible strategies, or intricate approximation arguments.
  The purpose of this paper is to show that these complications can be overcome
using a simple and elegant argument involving a stochastic perturbation of the
utility function.


  This paper presents a study of bifurcation in the time-averaged dynamics of
TaO memristors driven by narrow pulses of alternating polarities. The analysis,
based on a physics-inspired model, focuses on the stable fixed points and on
how these are affected by the pulse parameters. Our main finding is the
identification of a driving regime when two stable fixed points exist
simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, such bistability is identified in
a single memristor for the first time. This result can be readily tested
experimentally, and is expected to be useful in future memristor circuit
designs.


  This talk reports on recent progress concerning the development of a Digital
Hadron Calorimeter with Resistive Plate Chambers as active elements. After the
successful testing of a Digital Hadron Calorimeter prototype, the DHCAL, in the
Fermilab and CERN test beams, the DHCAL group is now tackling some of the
remaining technical issues which were not addressed specifically with the
prototype. The talk reports on developments related to the RPC chamber design,
to improvements in the RPC rate capabilities, the high voltage distribution
system, and a gas recirculation system.


  Nucleosomes organize the folding of DNA into chromatin and significantly
influence transcription, replication, regulation and repair. All atom molecular
dynamics simulations of a nucleosome and of its 146 basepairs of DNA free in
solution have been conducted. DNA helical parameters are extracted from each
trajectory to compare the conformation, effective force constants, persistence
length measures, and fluctuations of nucleosomal DNA to free DNA. A method for
disassembling and reconstructing the conformation and dynamics of the
nucleosome using Fourier analysis is presented. Results indicate that the
superhelical path of DNA in the nucleosome is irregular. Long length variations
in the conformation of nucleosomal DNA are identified other than those
associated with helix repeat. These variations are required to create a
proposed tetrasome conformation or to qualitatively reconstruct the 1.75 turns
of the nuclesomal superhelix. Free DNA achieves enough bend and shear in
solution to create an ideal nucleosome superhelix, but these deformations are
not organized so the conformation is essentially linear. Reconstruction of free
DNA using selected long wavelength variations in conformation can produce
either a left-handed or a right-handed superhelix. DNA is less flexible in the
nucleosome than when free in solution, however such measures are length scale
dependent.


  In this work, based on some mathematical results obtained by Yamabe, Osgood,
Phillips and Sarnak, we demonstrate that in dimensions three and higher the
famous Ginzburg-Landau equations used in theory of phase transitions can be
obtained (without any approximations) by minimization of the Riemannian-type
Hilbert-Einstein action functional for pure gravity in the presence of
cosmological term. We use this observation in order to bring to completion the
work by Lifshitz (done in 1941) on group-theoretical refinements of the Landau
theory of phase transitions. In addition, this observation allows us to develop
a systematic extension to higher dimensions of known string-theoretic path
integral methods developed for calculation of observables in two dimensional
conformal field theories.


  We show that capacity can be computed with locally Lipschitz functions in
locally complete and separable metric spaces. Further, we show that if
$(X,d,\mu)$ is a locally complete and separable metric measure space, then
continuous functions are dense in the Newtonian space $N^{1,p}(X)$. Here the
measure $\mu$ is Borel and is finite and positive on all metric balls. In
particular, we don't assume properness of $X$, doubling of $\mu$ or any
Poincar\'e inequalities. These resolve, partially or fully, questions posed by
a number of authors, including J. Heinonen, A. Bj\"orn and J. Bj\"orn. In
contrast to much of the past work, our results apply to locally complete spaces
$X$ and dispenses with the frequently used regularity assumptions: doubling,
properness, Poincar\'e inequality, Loewner property or quasiconvexity.


  In this paper we have discussed the group vertex magicness of H-join of
family of graphs and generalized friendship graph.


  Mathematics has been used in the exploration and enumeration of juggling
patterns. In the case when we catch and throw one ball at a time the number of
possible juggling patterns is well-known. When we are allowed to catch and
throw any number of balls at a given time (known as multiplex juggling) the
enumeration is more difficult and has only been established in a few special
cases. We give a method of using cards related to "embeddings" of ordered
partitions to enumerate the count of multiplex juggling sequences, determine
these counts for small cases, and establish some combinatorial properties of
the set of cards needed.


  We present a statistical modelling framework for implementing Distributed Lag
Models (DLMs), encompassing several extensions of the approach to capture the
temporally distributed effect from covariates via regression. We place DLMs in
the context of penalised Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and illustrate that
implementation via the R package \texttt{mgcv}, which allows for flexible and
interpretable inference in addition to thorough model assessment. We show how
the interpretation of penalised splines as random quantities enables
approximate Bayesian inference and hierarchical structures in the same
practical setting. We focus on epidemiological studies and demonstrate the
approach with application to mortality data from Cyprus and Greece. For the
Cyprus case study, we investigate for the first time, the joint lagged effects
from both temperature and humidity on mortality risk with the unexpected result
that humidity severely increases risk during cold rather than hot conditions.
Another novel application is the use of the proposed framework for hierarchical
pooling, to estimate district-specific covariate-lag risk on morality and the
use of posterior simulation to compare risk across districts.


  The AMADEUS system is an integral part of the ANTARES neutrino telescope in
the Mediterranean Sea. The project aims at the investigation of techniques for
acoustic neutrino detection in the deep sea. Installed at a depth of more than
2000m, the acoustic sensors of AMADEUS are based on piezo-ceramics elements for
the broad-band recording of signals with frequencies ranging up to 125kHz.
AMADEUS was completed in May 2008 and comprises six "acoustic clusters", each
one holding six acoustic sensors that are arranged at distances of roughly 1m
from each other. The clusters are installed with inter-spacings ranging from
15m to 340m. Acoustic data are continuously acquired and processed at a
computer cluster where online filter algorithms are applied to select a
high-purity sample of neutrino-like signals. 1.6 TB of data were recorded in
2008 and 3.2 TB in 2009. In order to assess the background of neutrino-like
signals in the deep sea, the characteristics of ambient noise and transient
signals have been investigated. In this article, the AMADEUS system will be
described and recent results will be presented.


  We report results on the $\pi$-$\gamma$ transition form factor obtained
within the hard scattering approach including transverse momentum effects and
Sudakov corrections. The results clearly favor distribution amplitudes close to
the asymptotic form, $\sim x_1x_2$, and disfavor distribution amplitudes which
are strongly concentrated in the end-point regions. This observation is backed
by information on the elastic form factor of the pion and on its valence quark
distribution function. Applications of our approach to the $\eta$-$\gamma$ and
$\eta^\prime$-$\gamma$ transition form factors are discussed as well. Combining
the form factor data with the two-photon decay widths, we determine the $\eta$
and the $\eta^\prime$ decay constants and the $\eta$-$\eta^\prime$ mixing
angle.


  In 1982 I. Pitowsky used Continuum Hypothesis to construct hidden variable
models for spin-1/2 and spin-1 particles in quantum mechanics. We show that the
existence of Pitowsky models is independent from ZFC.


  Let ${\bf G}$ be a connected reductive group defined over $\mathbb{F}_q$, the
finite field with $q$ elements. Let ${\bf B}$ be an Borel subgroup defined over
$\mathbb{F}_q$. In this paper, we completely determine the composition factors
of the induced module $\mathbb{M}(\op{tr})=\Bbbk{\bf G}\otimes_{\Bbbk{\bf
B}}\op{tr}$ ($\op{tr}$ is the trivial ${\bf B}$-module) for any field $\Bbbk$.


  Face detection is to search all the possible regions for faces in images and
locate the faces if there are any. Many applications including face
recognition, facial expression recognition, face tracking and head-pose
estimation assume that both the location and the size of faces are known in the
image. In recent decades, researchers have created many typical and efficient
face detectors from the Viola-Jones face detector to current CNN-based ones.
However, with the tremendous increase in images and videos with variations in
face scale, appearance, expression, occlusion and pose, traditional face
detectors are challenged to detect various "in the wild" faces. The emergence
of deep learning techniques brought remarkable breakthroughs to face detection
along with the price of a considerable increase in computation. This paper
introduces representative deep learning-based methods and presents a deep and
thorough analysis in terms of accuracy and efficiency. We further compare and
discuss the popular and challenging datasets and their evaluation metrics. A
comprehensive comparison of several successful deep learning-based face
detectors is conducted to uncover their efficiency using two metrics: FLOPs and
latency. The paper can guide to choose appropriate face detectors for different
applications and also to develop more efficient and accurate detectors.


  Despite decades of efforts to resolve, memory safety violations are still
persistent and problematic in modern systems. Various defense mechanisms have
been proposed, but their deployment in real systems remains challenging because
of performance, security, or compatibility concerns. In this paper, we propose
RV-CURE, a RISC-V capability architecture that implements full-system support
for full memory safety. For capability enforcement, we first propose a compiler
technique, data-pointer tagging (DPT), applicable to protecting all memory
types. It inserts a pointer tag in a pointer address and associates that tag
with the pointer's capability metadata. DPT enforces a capability check for
every memory access by a tagged pointer and thereby prevents illegitimate
memory accesses. Furthermore, we investigate and present lightweight hardware
extensions for DPT based on the open-source RISC-V BOOM processor. We observe
that a capability-execution pipeline can be implemented in parallel with the
existing memory-execution pipeline without intrusive modifications. With our
seamless hardware integration, we achieve low-cost capability checks
transparently performed in hardware. Altogether, we prototype RV-CURE as a
synthesized RTL processor and conduct full-system evaluations on FPGAs running
Linux OS. Our evaluations show that RV-CURE achieves strong memory safety at a
10.8% slowdown across the SPEC 2017 C/C++ workloads.


  Let $X$ be an algebraic variety over the field of real numbers $\mathbb{R}$.
We use the signature of a quadratic form to produce "higher" global signatures
relating the derived Witt groups of $X$ to the singular cohomology of the real
points $X(\mathbb{R})$ with integer coefficients. We also study the global
signature ring homomorphism and use the powers of the fundamental ideal in the
Witt ring to prove an integral version of a theorem of Raman Parimala and Jean
Colliot-Thelene on the mod 2 signature. Furthermore, we obtain an
Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence for the derived Witt groups of $X$ with 2
inverted. Using this spectral sequence, we provide a bound on the ranks of the
derived Witt groups of $X$ in terms of the Betti numbers of $X(\mathbb{R})$. We
apply our results to answer a question of Max Karoubi on boundedness of torsion
in the Witt group of $X$. Throughout the article, the results are proved for a
wide class of schemes over an arbitrary base field of characteristic different
from 2 using real cohomology in place of singular cohomology.


  Given a module $X$ and a regular cardinal $\kappa$ we study various notions
of $(\kappa,\mathrm{Add}(X))$-freeness and
$(\kappa,\mathrm{Add}(X))$-separability. Bearing on appropriate set-theoretic
assumptions, we construct a non-trivial $\kappa^+$-generated,
$(\kappa^+,\mathrm{Add}(X))$-free and $(\kappa^+,\mathrm{Add}(X))$-separable
module. Our construction allows $\kappa$ to be singular thus extending
\cite[Theorem~4.7]{CortesGuilTorrecillas}. Bearing on similar set-theoretic
assumptions, we characterize when every module $X$ has a perfect decomposition.
As a subproduct we show that Enoch's conjecture for classes $\mathrm{Add}(X)$
is consistent with ZFC -- a fact first proved by \v{S}aroch \cite{Saroch}.


  Magnetothermal instabilities are one of the peculiar phenomena of interest in
conventional type-II, as well as in high-$T_c$ superconductors. In the present
paper we attempt to analyze the nature and origin of the magnetothermal
instabilities of the critical state and flux jumps phenomena in superconductors
in the light of recent theoretical and experimental results.


  Sequential data modeling and analysis have become indispensable tools for
analyzing sequential data, such as time-series data, because larger amounts of
sensed event data have become available. These methods capture the sequential
structure of data of interest, such as input-output relations and correlation
among datasets. However, because most studies in this area are specialized or
limited to their respective applications, rigorous requirement analysis of such
models has not been undertaken from a general perspective. Therefore, we
particularly examine the structure of sequential data, and extract the
necessity of `state duration' and `state interval' of events for efficient and
rich representation of sequential data. Specifically addressing the hidden
semi-Markov model (HSMM) that represents such state duration inside a model, we
attempt to add representational capability of a state interval of events onto
HSMM. To this end, we propose two extended models: an interval state hidden
semi-Markov model (IS-HSMM) to express the length of a state interval with a
special state node designated as "interval state node"; and an interval length
probability hidden semi-Markov model (ILP-HSMM) which represents the length of
the state interval with a new probabilistic parameter "interval length
probability." Exhaustive simulations have revealed superior performance of the
proposed models in comparison with HSMM. These proposed models are the first
reported extensions of HMM to support state interval representation as well as
state duration representation.


  In this paper we refine our recently constructed invariants of
$4$-dimensional $2$-handlebodies up to $2$-deformations. More precisely, we
define invariants of pairs of the form $(W,\omega)$, where $W$ is a
$4$-dimensional $2$-handlebody, $\omega$ is a relative cohomology class in
$H^2(W,\partial W;G)$, and $G$ is an abelian group. The algebraic input
required for this construction is a unimodular ribbon Hopf $G$-coalgebra. We
study these refined invariants for the restricted quantum group $U = U_q
\mathfrak{sl}_2$ at a root of unity $q$ of even order, and for its braided
extension $\tilde{U} = \tilde{U}_q \mathfrak{sl}_2$, which fits in this
framework for $G=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$, and we relate them to our original
invariant. We deduce decomposition formulas for the original invariants in
terms of the refined ones, generalizing splittings of the
Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants with respect to spin structures and
cohomology classes. Moreover, we identify our non-refined invariant associated
with the small quantum group $\bar{U} = \bar{U}_q \mathfrak{sl}_2$ at a root of
unity $q$ whose order is divisible by 4 with the refined one associated with
the restricted quantum group $U$ for the trivial cohomology class $\omega=0$.


  We report the discovery of rapid variations of a high-velocity Mg ii broad
absorption line (BAL) trough in the quasar SDSS J133356.02+001229.1 (zem ~
0.9197). Vivek et al. (2012a) revealed the emergence and subsequent near
disappearance of a BAL component in this source having an ejection velocity of
~ 28000 km s-1. Our further follow up studies with South African Large
Telescope (SALT) reveal the dramatic nature of the absorption line variability
in this source. The absorption line emerged again at the same velocity and
nearly disappeared within the SALT observations. Our observations allow us to
probe variability over timescales of the order of few days to 4.2 years in the
QSO rest-frame. The observed velocity stability of BAL absorption does not
point to any line of sight acceleration/deceleration of BAL clouds. The
ionization parameter of the absorbing cloud is constrained from the column
density ratio of Mg II to Fe II ground state absorption. In the absence of
strong optical continuum variability, we suggest that photoionization driven
BAL variability due to changes in the shielding, multiple streaming clouds
across our line of sight in a co-rotating wind or a combination of both as
possible explanations for the observed strong equivalent width variations.


  GENIE is a new neutrino event generator for the experimental neutrino physics
community. The goal of the project is to develop a `canonical' neutrino
interaction physics Monte Carlo whose validity extends to all nuclear targets
and neutrino flavors from MeV to PeV energy scales. Currently, emphasis is on
the few-GeV energy range, the challenging boundary between the non-perturbative
and perturbative regimes, which is relevant for the current and near future
long-baseline precision neutrino experiments using accelerator-made beams. The
design of the package addresses many challenges unique to neutrino simulations
and supports the full life-cycle of simulation and generator-related analysis
tasks.
  GENIE is a large-scale software system, consisting of 120,000 lines of C++
code, featuring a modern object-oriented design and extensively validated
physics content. The first official physics release of GENIE was made available
in August 2007, and at the time of the writing of this article, the latest
available version was v2.4.4.


  If F is a type-definable family of commensurable subsets, subgroups or
sub-vector spaces in a metric structure, then there is an invariant subset,
subgroup or sub-vector space commensurable with F. This in particular applies
to type-definable or hyper-definable objects in a classical first-order
structure.


  We discuss the local index formula of Connes-Moscovici for the isospectral
noncommutative geometry that we have recently constructed on quantum SU(2). We
work out the cosphere bundle and the dimension spectrum as well as the local
cyclic cocycles yielding the index formula.


  A classical example of a mathematical model for oscillations in a biological
system is the Selkov oscillator, which is a simple description of glycolysis.
It is a system of two ordinary differential equations which, when expressed in
dimensionless variables, depends on two parameters. Surprisingly it appears
that no complete rigorous analysis of the dynamics of this model has ever been
given. In this paper several properties of the dynamics of solutions of the
model are established. With a view to studying unbounded solutions a thorough
analysis of the Poincar\'e compactification of the system is given. It is
proved that for any values of the parameters there are solutions which tend to
infinity at late times and are eventually monotone. It is shown that when the
unique steady state is stable any bounded solution converges to the steady
state at late times. When the steady state is unstable it is shown that for
given values of the parameters either there is a unique periodic solution to
which all bounded solutions other than the steady state converge at late times
or there is no periodic solution and all solutions other than the steady state
are unbounded. In the latter case each unbounded solution which tends to
infinity is eventually monotone and each unbounded solution which does not tend
to infinity has the property that each variable takes on arbitrarily large and
small values at arbitrarily late times.


  The focus of this letter is on the reduction of the large pilot overhead in
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based massive multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We propose a novel joint channel estimation and
equalization technique that requires only one pilot subcarrier, reducing the
pilot overhead by orders of magnitude. We take advantage of the coherent
bandwidth spanning over multiple subcarrier bands. This allows for a band of
subcarriers to be equalized with the channel frequency response (CFR) at a
single subcarrier. Subsequently, the detected data symbols are considered as
virtual pilots, and their CFRs are updated without additional pilot overhead.
Thereafter, the remaining channel estimation and equalization can be performed
in a sliding manner. With this approach, we use multiple channel estimates to
equalize the data at each subcarrier. This allows us to take advantage of
frequency diversity and improve the detection performance. Finally, we
corroborate the above claims through extensive numerical analysis, showing the
superior performance of our proposed technique compared to conventional
methods.


  We investigate chiral properties of local (non-derivative) fields of baryons
consisting of three quarks with flavor SU(3) symmetry. We construct explicitly
independent local three-quark fields belonging to definite Lorentz and flavor
representations. Chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken and therefore the
baryon fields can have different chiral representations. It turns out that the
allowed chiral representations are strongly correlated with the Lorentz group
representations due to the color and spatial structure of the local three-quark
fields. We discuss some implications of the allowed chiral symmetry
representations on phenomenological Lagrangians with chiral U(3)_L \otimes
U(3)_R symmetry.


  The new inversion formula for the Laplace transformation of the tempered
distributions with supports in the closed positive semiaxis is obtained. The
inverse Laplace transform of the tempered distribution is defined by means of
the limit of the special distribution constructed from this distribution. The
weak spectral condition on the Euclidean Green's functions requires that some
of the limits needed for the inversion formula exist for any Euclidean Green's
function with even number of variables. We prove that the initial
Osterwalder--Schrader axioms (1973) and the weak spectral condition are
equivalent with the Wightman axioms.


  Starting from an idea of S.L. Adler~\cite{Adler2015}, we develop a novel
model of gravity-induced spontaneous wave-function collapse. The collapse is
driven by complex stochastic fluctuations of the spacetime metric. After
deriving the fundamental equations, we prove the collapse and amplification
mechanism, the two most important features of a consistent collapse model.
Under reasonable simplifying assumptions, we constrain the strength $\xi$ of
the complex metric fluctuations with available experimental data. We show that
$\xi\geq 10^{-26}$ in order for the model to guarantee classicality of
macro-objects, and at the same time $\xi \leq 10^{-20}$ in order not to
contradict experimental evidence. As a comparison, in the recent discovery of
gravitational waves in the frequency range 35 to 250 Hz, the (real) metric
fluctuations reach a peak of $\xi \sim 10^{-21}$.


  A new model that generalizes the study of quantum Brownian motion (BM) is
constructed. We consider disordered environment that may be either static
(quenched), noisy or dynamical. The Zwanzig-Caldeira-Leggett BM-model
constitutes formally a special case where the disorder auto-correlation length
is taken to be infinite. Alternatively, localization problem is obtained if the
noise auto-correlation time is taken to be infinite. Also the general case of
weak nonlinear coupling to thermal, possibly chaotic bath is handled by the
same formalism. A general, Feynman-Vernon type path-integral expression for the
propagator is introduced. Wigner transformed version of this expression is
utilized in order to facilitate comparison with the classical limit. It is
demonstrated that non-stochastic genuine quantal manifestations are associated
with the new model. It is clarified that such effects are absent in the
standard BM model, either the disorder or the chaotic nature of the bath are
essential. Quantal correction to the classical diffusive behavior is found even
in the limit of high temperatures. The suppression of interference due to
dephasing is discussed, leading to the observation that due to the disorder the
decay of coherence is exponential in time, and no longer depends on geometrical
considerations. Fascinating non-Markovian effects due to time-correlated
(colored) noise are explored. For this, a new strategy is developed in order to
handle the integration over paths. This strategy is extended in order to
demonstrate how localization comes out from the path integral expression.


  Simulations of the neutron background for future large-scale particle dark
matter detectors are presented. Neutrons were generated in rock and detector
elements via spontaneous fission and (alpha,n) reactions, and by cosmic-ray
muons. The simulation techniques and results are discussed in the context of
the expected sensitivity of a generic liquid xenon dark matter detector.
Methods of neutron background suppression are investigated. A sensitivity of
$10^{-9}-10^{-10}$ pb to WIMP-nucleon interactions can be achieved by a
tonne-scale detector.


  With the recent advancements of deep learning technologies, the performance
of voice conversion (VC) in terms of quality and similarity has been
significantly improved. However, heavy computations are generally required for
deep-learning-based VC systems, which can cause notable latency and thus
confine their deployments in real-world applications. Therefore, increasing
online computation efficiency has become an important task. In this study, we
propose a novel mixture-of-experts (MoE) based VC system. The MoE model uses a
gating mechanism to specify optimal weights to feature maps to increase VC
performance. In addition, assigning sparse constraints on the gating mechanism
can accelerate online computation by skipping the convolution process by
zeroing out redundant feature maps. Experimental results show that by
specifying suitable sparse constraints, we can effectively increase the online
computation efficiency with a notable 70% FLOPs (floating-point operations per
second) reduction while improving the VC performance in both objective
evaluations and human listening tests.


  Radiative transfer and radiation hydrodynamics use the relativistic Boltzmann
equation to describe the kinetics of photons. It is difficult to solve the
six-dimensional time-dependent transfer equation unless the problem is highly
symmetric or in equilibrium. When the radiation field is smooth, it is natural
to take angular moments of the transfer equation to reduce the degrees of
freedom. However, low order moment equations contain terms that depend on
higher order moments. To close the system of moment equations, approximations
are made to truncate this hierarchy. Popular closures used in astrophysics
include flux limited diffusion and the M1 closure, which are rather ad hoc and
do not necessarily capture the correct physics. In this paper, we propose a new
class of closures for radiative transfer and radiation hydrodynamics. We start
from a different perspective and highlight the consistency of a fully
relativistic formalism. We present a generic framework to approximate radiative
transfer based on relativistic Grad's moment method. We then derive a 14-field
method that minimizes unphysical photon self-interaction.


  To better understand the output of deep neural networks (DNN), attribution
based methods have been an important approach for model interpretability, which
assign a score for each input dimension to indicate its importance towards the
model outcome. Notably, the attribution methods use the axioms of sensitivity
and implementation invariance to ensure the validity and reliability of
attribution results. Yet, the existing attribution methods present challenges
for effective interpretation and efficient computation. In this work, we
introduce MFABA, an attribution algorithm that adheres to axioms, as a novel
method for interpreting DNN. Additionally, we provide the theoretical proof and
in-depth analysis for MFABA algorithm, and conduct a large scale experiment.
The results demonstrate its superiority by achieving over 101.5142 times faster
speed than the state-of-the-art attribution algorithms. The effectiveness of
MFABA is thoroughly evaluated through the statistical analysis in comparison to
other methods, and the full implementation package is open-source at:
https://github.com/LMBTough/MFABA


  Using a relation between the virial expansion coefficients of the pressure
and the entropy expansion coefficients in the case of the monomer-dimer model
on infinite regular lattices, we have shown that, on hypercubic lattices of any
dimension, the virial coefficients are positive through the 20th order. We have
observed that all virial coefficients so far known for this system are positive
also on infinite regular lattices with different structure. We are thus led to
conjecture that the virial expansion coefficients $m_k $ are always positive.
These considerations can be extended to the study of related bounds on finite
graphs generalizing the infinite regular lattices, namely the finite grids and
the regular biconnected graphs. The validity of the bounds $\Delta^k {\rm
ln}(i! N(i)) \le 0$ for $k \ge 2$, where $N(i)$ is the number of configurations
of $i$ dimers on the graph and $\Delta$ is the forward difference operator, is
shown to correspond to the positivity of the virial coefficients. Our tests on
many finite lattice graphs indicate that on large lattices these bounds are
satisfied, giving support to the conjecture on the positivity of the virial
coefficients. An exhaustive survey of some classes of regular biconnected
graphs with a not too large number $v$ of vertices shows only few violations of
these bounds. We conjecture that the frequency of the violations vanishes as $v
\to \infty$. We find rigorous upper bounds on $N(i)$ valid for arbitrary graphs
and for regular graphs. The similarity between the Heilman-Lieb inequality and
the one conjectured above suggests that one study the stricter inequality $m_k
\ge \frac{1}{2k}$ for the virial coefficients, which is valid for all the known
coefficients of the infinite regular lattice models.


  We define a category parameterizing Calabi-Yau algebra objects in an infinity
category of spans. Using this category, we prove that there are equivalences of
infinity categories relating, firstly: 2-Segal simplicial objects in C to
algebra objects in Span(C); and secondly: 2-Segal cyclic objects in C to
Calabi-Yau algebra objects in Span(C).


  In this paper we introduce a six-parameter generalization of the
four-parameter three-variable polynomials on the simplex and we investigate the
properties of these polynomials. Sparse recurrence relations are derived by
using ladder relations for shifted univariate Jacobi polynomials and bivariate
polynomials on the triangle. Via these sparse recurrence relations, second
order partial differential equations are presented. Furthermore, some
connection relations are obtained between these polynomials. Finally, new
results for the four-parameter three-variable polynomials on the simplex are
given.


  Parrondo's coin-tossing games comprise two games, $A$ and $B$. The result of
game $A$ is determined by the toss of a fair coin. The result of game $B$ is
determined by the toss of a $p_0$-coin if capital is a multiple of $r$, and by
the toss of a $p_1$-coin otherwise. In either game, the player wins one unit
with heads and loses one unit with tails. Game $B$ is fair if
$(1-p_0)(1-p_1)^{r-1}=p_0\,p_1^{r-1}$. In a previous paper we showed that, if
the parameters of game $B$, namely $r$, $p_0$, and $p_1$, are allowed to be
arbitrary, subject to the fairness constraint, and if the two (fair) games $A$
and $B$ are played in an arbitrary periodic sequence, then the rate of profit
can not only be positive (the so-called Parrondo effect), but also be
arbitrarily close to 1 (i.e., 100%). Here we prove the same conclusion for a
random sequence of the two games instead of a periodic one, that is, at each
turn game $A$ is played with probability $\gamma$ and game $B$ is played
otherwise, where $\gamma\in(0,1)$ is arbitrary.


  Optical wireless communications (OWC) utilizing infrared or visible light as
the carrier attracts great attention in 6G research. Resonant beam
communications (RBCom) is an OWC technology which simultaneously satisfies the
needs of non-mechanical mobility and high signal-to-noise ratio~(SNR). It has
the self-alignment feature and therefore avoids positioning and pointing
operations. However, RBCom undergoes echo interference. Here we propose an
echo-interference-free RBCom system design based on second harmonic generation.
The transmitter and the receiver constitute a spatially separated laser
resonator, in which the retro-reflective resonant beam is formed and tracks the
receiver automatically. This structure provides the channel with adaptive
capability in beamforming and alignment, which is similar to the concept of
intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) enhanced communications, but without
hardware and software controllers. Besides, we establish an analytical model to
evaluate the beam radius, the beam power, and the channel capacity. The results
show that our system achieves longer distance and smaller beam diameter for the
transmission beyond 10 Gbit/s, compared with the existing OWC technologies.


  The generalized stacking fault energy is a key ingredient to mesoscale models
of dislocations. Here we develop an approach to quantify the dependence of
generalized stacking fault energies on the degree of chemical disorder in
multicomponent alloys. We introduce the notion of a "configurationally-resolved
planar fault" (CRPF) energy and extend the cluster expansion method from alloy
theory to express the CRPF as a function of chemical occupation variables of
sites surrounding the fault. We apply the approach to explore the composition
and temperature dependence of the unstable stacking fault energy (USF) in
binary Mo-Nb alloys. First-principles calculations are used to parameterize a
formation energy and CRPF cluster expansion. Monte Carlo simulations show that
the distribution of USF energies is significantly affected by chemical
composition and temperature. The formalism can be applied to any multicomponent
alloy and will enable the development of rigorous models for deformation
mechanisms in high-entropy alloys.


  Those seeking to reproduce a computational experiment often need to manually
look at the code to see how to build necessary libraries, configure parameters,
find data, and invoke the experiment; it is not automatic. Automatic
reproducibility is a more stringent goal, but working towards it would benefit
the community. This work discusses a machine-readable language for specifying
how to execute a computational experiment. We invite interested stakeholders to
discuss this language at https://github.com/charmoniumQ/execution-description .


  An algorithm to simulate full QCD with 3 colours at nonzero chemical
potential on the lattice is proposed. The algorithm works for small values of
the chemical potential and can be used to extract expectation values of CPT
invariant operators.


  The Boltzmann equation is solved in the relaxation time approximation using a
hierarchy of angular moments of the distribution function. Our solution is
obtained for an azimuthally symmetric radially expanding boost-invariant
conformal system that is undergoing Gubser flow. The solution of moments that
we get after truncating the infinite set of equations at various orders is
compared to the exact kinetic solution. The dynamics of transition is described
by the presence of fixed points which describes the evolution of the system
from an early time collisionless free streaming to the hydrodynamic regime at
intermediate times and back to free streaming at late times. The attractor
solution is found for various orders of moments as an interpolation between
these fixed points. The relation of moments to various approximations of
relativistic viscous hydrodynamics is investigated.


  We present a bright, narrowband, portable, quasi-phase-matched two-crystal
source generating polarization-entangled photon pairs at 809 nm and 1555 nm at
a maximum rate of 1.2 10^6 s-1 THz-1 mW-1 after coupling to single-mode fiber.
The quantum channel at 1555 nm and the synchronization signal gating the single
photon detector are multiplexed in the same optical fiber of length 27 km by
means of wavelength division multiplexers (WDM) having 100 GHz (0.8 nm) spacing
between channels. This implementation makes quantum communication applications
compatible with current high-speed optical networks.


  We present an estimate of the local X-ray luminosity function and emissivity
for different subsamples of galaxies namely Seyferts, LINERS, star-forming and
passive (no-emission-line) galaxies. This is performed by convolving their
optical luminosity function, as derived from the Ho et al. spectroscopic sample
of nearby galaxies with the corresponding L_x/L_B relation. The local galaxy
emissivity is about 1.6 X 10^{39} h erg/sec Mpc^3 in agreement with the results
of Lahav et al. derived from cross-correlation techniques of the X-ray
background with optical and infrared galaxy catalogues. From our analysis, it
becomes evident that the largest fraction of the galaxy emissivity comes from
galaxies associated with AGN (Seyferts but also LINERS) while the contribution
of star-forming and passive galaxies is small. This independently supports the
view that most of the yet unidentified X-ray sources in deep \rosat fields
which are associated with faint optical galaxies, do harbour an AGN.


  In this paper, we give a result on the properness of the K-energy, which
answers a question of Song-Weinkove in any dimensions. Moreover, we extend our
previous result on the properness of K-energy to the case of modified K-energy
associated to extremal Kahler metrics.


  We provide a polynomial time algorithm to determine a cubic bipartite graph
has a hamilton cycle or not.


  Recognizing scene text is a challenging problem, even more so than the
recognition of scanned documents. This problem has gained significant attention
from the computer vision community in recent years, and several methods based
on energy minimization frameworks and deep learning approaches have been
proposed. In this work, we focus on the energy minimization framework and
propose a model that exploits both bottom-up and top-down cues for recognizing
cropped words extracted from street images. The bottom-up cues are derived from
individual character detections from an image. We build a conditional random
field model on these detections to jointly model the strength of the detections
and the interactions between them. These interactions are top-down cues
obtained from a lexicon-based prior, i.e., language statistics. The optimal
word represented by the text image is obtained by minimizing the energy
function corresponding to the random field model. We evaluate our proposed
algorithm extensively on a number of cropped scene text benchmark datasets,
namely Street View Text, ICDAR 2003, 2011 and 2013 datasets, and IIIT 5K-word,
and show better performance than comparable methods. We perform a rigorous
analysis of all the steps in our approach and analyze the results. We also show
that state-of-the-art convolutional neural network features can be integrated
in our framework to further improve the recognition performance.


  Using deep learning techniques, we introduce a novel measure for production
process heterogeneity across industries. For each pair of industries during
1990-2021, we estimate the functional distance between two industries'
production processes via deep neural network. Our estimates uncover the
underlying factors and weights reflected in the multi-stage production decision
tree in each industry. We find that the greater the functional distance between
two industries' production processes, the lower are the number of M&As, deal
completion rates, announcement returns, and post-M&A survival likelihood. Our
results highlight the importance of structural heterogeneity in production
technology to firms' business integration decisions.


  We study global solutions to the thin obstacle problem with at most quadratic
growth at infinity. We show that every ellipsoid can be realized as the contact
set of such a solution. On the other hand, if such a solution has a compact
contact set, we show that it must be an ellipsoid.


  We prove that $\operatorname{Aut}(F_n)$ has Kazhdan's property (T) for every
$n \geqslant 6$. Together with a previous result of Kaluba, Nowak, and Ozawa,
this gives the same statement for $n\geqslant 5$.
  We also provide explicit lower bounds for the Kazhdan constants of
$\operatorname{SAut}(F_n)$ (with $n \geqslant 6$) and of
$\operatorname{SL}_n(\mathbb{Z})$ (with $n \geqslant 3$) with respect to
natural generating sets. In the latter case, these bounds improve upon
previously known lower bounds whenever $n > 6$.


  We present new results for the nuclear modification factor \RAA of \jpsi
mesons as a function of centrality and transverse momentum at mid-rapidity. The
measurement is carried out with the ALICE central barrel detectors in the
acceptance range $|y|$ < 0.9 and \pt > 0 in the dielectron decay channel.


  The Pfaff lattice is an integrable system arising from the SR-group
factorization in an analogous way to how the Toda lattice arises from the
QR-group factorization. In our recent paper [{\it Intern. Math. Res. Notices},
(2007) rnm120], we studied the Pfaff lattice hierarchy for the case where the
Lax matrix is defined to be a lower Hessenberg matrix.
  In this paper we deal with the case of a symplectic lower Hessenberg Lax
matrix, this forces the Lax matrix to take a tridiagonal shape. We then show
that the odd members of the Pfaff lattice hierarchy are trivial, while the even
members are equivalent to the indefinite Toda lattice hierarchy defined in [Y.
Kodama and J. Ye, {\it Physica D}, {\bf 91} (1996) 321-339]. This is analogous
to the case of the Toda lattice hierarchy in the relation to the Kac-van
Moerbeke system. In the case with initial matrix having only real or imaginary
eigenvalues, the fixed points of the even flows are given by $2\times 2$ block
diagonal matrices with zero diagonals. We also consider a family of
skew-orthogonal polynomials with symplectic recursion relation related to the
Pfaff lattice, and find that they are succinctly expressed in terms of
orthogonal polynomials appearing in the indefinite Toda lattice.


  We show that there exist finitely generated soluble groups which are not LERF
but which do not contain strictly ascending HNN extensions of a cyclic group.
This solves Problem 16.2 in the Kourovka notebook. We further show that there
is a finitely presented soluble group which is not LERF but which does not
contain a strictly ascending HNN extension of a polycyclic group.


  We use renormalization group (RG) analysis and dimensional regularization
techniques to study potential superconductivity-inducing four-fermion
interactions in systems with critical Fermi surfaces of general dimensions
($m$) and co-dimensions ($d-m$), arising as a result of quasiparticle
interaction with a gapless Ising-nematic order parameter. These are examples of
non-Fermi liquid states in $d$ spatial dimensions. Our formalism allows us to
treat the corresponding zero-temperature low-energy effective theory in a
controlled approximation close to the upper critical dimension $d=d_c(m)$. The
fixed points are identified from the RG flow equations, as functions of $d$ and
$m$. We find that the flow towards the non-Fermi liquid fixed point is
preempted by Cooper pair formation for both the physical cases of $(d=3, m=2)$
and $(d=2, m=1)$. In fact, there is a strong enhancement of superconductivity
by the order parameter fluctuations at the quantum critical point.


  If you cancel out the digit 6 from the ratio 16/64, you get the right answer
by the wrong method. In 1979 R.P. Boas made an extensive study of such
"anomalous cancellations" and generated many examples, in many bases. We
continue his pioneering work, and generate many more examples, using the
Extended Euclidean Algorithm.


  We investigate the possibility of measuring the pion dispersion relation in
nuclear matter through the anomalous coupling in the reaction \gamma - \gamma'
\pi_0. It is shown that this reaction permits the study of pionic modes for
space-like momenta. If the pion is softened in nuclear matter due to mixing
with the delta-hole state, significant strength for this reaction is expected
to move into the space-like region. Competing background processes are
evaluated, and it is concluded that useful insight can be obtained
experimentally, but only through a difficult exclusive measurement.


  Various stochastic models have been proposed to estimate mortality rates. In
this paper we illustrate how machine learning techniques allow us to analyze
the quality of such mortality models. In addition, we present how these
techniques can be used for differentiating the different causes of death in
mortality modeling.


  Based on an isomorphism between Grossman Larson Hopf algebra and Tensor Hopf
algebra, we apply a sub-Riemannian geometry technique to branched rough
differential equations and obtain the explicit Lipschitz continuity of the
solution with respect to the initial value, the vector field and the driving
rough path.


  New relations involving the Riemann, Ricci and Einstein tensors that have to
hold for a given geometry to admit Killing-Yano tensors are described. These
relations are then used to introduce novel conserved "currents" involving such
Killing-Yano tensors. For a particular current based on the Einstein tensor, we
discuss the issue of conserved charges and consider implications for matter
coupled to gravity. The condition on the background geometry to allow
asymptotic conserved charges for a current introduced by Kastor and Traschen is
found and a number of other new aspects of this current are commented on. In
particular we show that it vanishes for rank $(D-1)$ Killing-Yano tensors in
$D$ dimensions.


  For medical cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, the native receptor
array of the flat-panel detector (FPD) is usually binned into a reduced matrix
size. By doing so, the signal readout speed can be increased by over 4-9 times
at the expense of sacrificing the spatial resolution by at least 50%-67%.
Clearly, such tradition poses a main bottleneck in generating high spatial
resolution and high temporal resolution CBCT images at the same time. In
addition, the conventional FPD is also difficult in generating dual-energy CBCT
images. In this paper, we propose an innovative super resolution dual-energy
CBCT imaging method, named as suRi, based on dual-layer FPD (DL-FPD) to
overcome these aforementioned difficulties at once. With suRi, specifically, an
1D or 2D sub-pixel (half pixel in this study) shifted binning is applied to
replace the conventionally aligned binning to double the spatial sampling rate
during the dual-energy data acquisition. As a result, the suRi approach
provides a new strategy to enable high signal readout speed and high spatial
resolution CBCT imaging with FPD. Moreover, a penalized likelihood material
decomposition algorithm is developed to directly reconstruct the high
resolution bases from the dual-energy CBCT projections containing spatial
sub-pixel shifts. Experiments based on the single-layer FPD and DL-FPD are
performed with physical phantoms and biological specimen to validate this newly
developed suRi method. The synthesized monochromatic CT imaging results
demonstrate that suRi can significantly improve the spatial image resolution by
46.15%. We believe the developed suRi method would be capable to greatly
enhance the imaging performance of the DL-FPD based dual-energy CBCT systems in
future.


  We give a simple proof, based on time-reversibility and purity, that a
complete orthonormal family of pure states which can be perfectly distinguished
by LOCC cannot contain any entangled state. Our results are really about the
shape of certain states and processes, and are valid in arbitrary categorical
probabilistic theories with time-reversal. From the point of view of the
resource theory of entanglement, our results can be interpreted to say that
free processes can distinguish between the states in a complete orthonormal
family only when the states themselves are all free.


  We present authorized quantum computation, where only a user with a
non-cloneable quantum authorization key can perform a unitary operation created
by an authenticated programmer. The security of our authorized quantum
computation is based on the quantum computational complexity problem of forging
the keys from an obfuscated quantum gate sequence. Under the assumption of the
existence of a \textit{sufficiently-random gate shuffling algorithm}, the
problem is shown to be in the NQP (Non-deterministic Quantum Polynomial)-hard
class by reducing it to a NQP-Complete problem, the exact non-identity check
problem. Therefore, our authorized quantum computation can be computationally
secure against attacks using quantum computers.


  Conventional Paramagnetism - a state with finite magnetic moment per ion sans
long range magnetic ordering, but with lowering temperature the moment on each
ion picks up a particular direction, breaking rotational symmetry, and results
into long range magnetic ordering. However, in systems with competing multiple
degrees of freedom this conventional notion may easily breaks and results into
short range correlation much above the global magnetic transition temperature.
La2CuIrO6 with complex interplay of spins (s =1/2) on Cu site and pseudo-spin
(j =1/2) on Ir site owing to strong spin-orbit coupling provides fertile ground
to observe such correlated phenomena. By a comprehensive temperature dependent
Raman study, we have shown the presence of such a correlated paramagnetic state
in La2CuIrO6 much above the long range magnetic ordering temperature (TN ). Our
observation of strong interactions of phonons, associated with Cu/Ir octahedra,
with underlying magnetic degrees of freedom mirrored in the observed Fano
asymmetry, which remarkably persists as high as ~ 3.5TN clearly signals the
existence of correlated paramagnetism hence broken rotational symmetry. Our
detailed analysis also reveals anomalous changes in the self-energy parameters
of the phonon modes, i.e. mode frequencies and linewidth, below TN, providing a
useful gauge for monitoring the strong coupling between phonons and magnetic
degrees of freedom.


  Analog, low-voltage electronics show great promise in producing silicon
neurons (SiNs) with unprecedented levels of energy efficiency. Yet, their
inherently high susceptibility to process, voltage and temperature (PVT)
variations, and noise has long been recognised as a major bottleneck in
developing effective neuromorphic solutions. Inspired by spike transmission
studies in biophysical, neocortical neurons, we demonstrate that the inherent
noise and variability can coexist with reliable spike transmission in analog
SiNs, similarly to biological neurons. We illustrate this property on a recent
neuromorphic model of a bursting neuron by showcasing three different relevant
types of reliable event transmission: single spike transmission, burst
transmission, and the on-off control of a half-centre oscillator (HCO) network.