  The $E_2$-term of the Adams spectral sequence for $\mathbf{Y}$ may be
described in terms of its cohomology $E^\ast \mathbf{Y}$, together with the
action of the primary operations $E^\ast \mathbf{E}$ on it, for ring spectra
such as $\mathbf{E} = \mathbf{H}\mathbb{F}_p$. We show how the higher terms of
the spectral sequence can be similarly described in terms of the higher order
truncated $\mathbf{E}$-mapping algebra for $\mathbf{Y}$ $\; - \;$ that is
truncations of the function spectra $\operatorname{Fun}(\mathbf{Y},
\mathbf{M})$ for various $\mathbf{E}$-modules $\mathbf{M}$, equipped with the
action of $\operatorname{Fun}(\mathbf{M}, \mathbf{M}')$ on them.


  National bias in sports judging is a well-known issue and has been observed
in several sports: judges, in the aggregate, give higher marks to athletes of
the same nationality. In this work, we study the national bias of international
gymnastics judges during the 2013-2016 Olympic cycle. As opposed to prior work,
our analysis leverages the intrinsic variance of the judging error based on the
performance level of the gymnasts for each apparatus and discipline. The
magnitude of the national bias varies across judges, nations and disciplines.
While acrobatics and trampoline do not exhibit any bias, we observe
considerable bias by aerobics, artistics and rhythmics judges. In aerobic and
artistic gymnastics this bias further increases for the best athletes competing
in the finals. On the positive side, we show that judges are unbiased against
direct competitors of their own gymnasts. Our approach could easily be applied
to other sports that incorporate a judging panel and objective judging
guidelines. It could help sports federations and the public at large understand
the extent of national bias and identify particularly prone judges or nations.


  We study the behavior of charged spherical Au nanoparticles in a nanofluidic
slit as a function of the separation of the symmetrically charged confining
surfaces. A dedicated setup called the nano-fluidic confinement apparatus (NCA)
allows us to parallelize the two confining surfaces and to continuously
approach them down to direct contact. Interferometric scattering (iSCAT)
detection is used to measure the particle contrast with 2 ms temporal
resolution. We obtain the confinement gap distance from the interference signal
of the glass and the oxide-covered silicon wafer surface with nanometer
accuracy. We present a three parameter model that describes the optical signal
of the particles as a function of particle height and gap distance. The model
is verified using nanoparticles immobilized at the glass and the substrate
surface. For freely diffusing particles, the envelope of the particle signal as
a function of gap distance and the known particle height at tight confinement
is used to calibrate the particle signal in-situ and obtain all free model
parameters. Due to the periodic contrast variation for large gap distances we
obtain a set of possible particle heights for a given contrast value. For a
range of small gap distances this assignment is unique and the particle height
can be measured directly with high accuracy. The high temporal resolution
allows us to measure the height occupation probability which provides a direct
link to the free energy landscape the particles are probing via the Boltzmann
distribution. Accordingly by fitting the results to a physical model based on
the linear superposition approximation (LSA), the physical parameters governing
the particle-glass interaction are quantified.


  The Belle II experiment is presently in phase-2 operation at the SuperKEKB
electron-positron collider in KEK (Tsukuba, Japan). The detector is an upgrade
of the Belle experiment at the KEKB collider and it is optimized for the study
of rare B decays, being also sensitive to signals of New Physics beyond the
Standard Model. The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECL) is based on CsI(Tl)
scintillation crystals. It splits in a barrel and two annular end-cap regions,
these latter named Forward and Backward, according to the asymmetric design of
the collider. CsI(Tl) crystals deliver a high light output at an affordable
cost, however their yield changes with temperature and can be permanently
damaged by humidity, due to the strong chemical affinity for moisture. Each ECL
region is then equipped with thermistors and humidity probes to monitor
environmental data. While sensors and cabling have been inherited from the
original Belle design, the ECL monitoring system has been fully redesigned. In
this paper, we present hardware and software architecture deployed for the 2112
CsI(Tl) crystals arranged in the Forward and Backward end-caps. Single-Board
Computers (SBCs) have been designed ad-hoc for embedded applications. For
sensor read-out, a data-acquisition system based on 24-bit ADCs with local
processing capability has been realized and interfaced with the SBCs. EPICS
applications send data across the Local Area Network for remote control and
display.


  Despite the numerous developments in object tracking, further development of
current tracking algorithms is limited by small and mostly saturated datasets.
As a matter of fact, data-hungry trackers based on deep-learning currently rely
on object detection datasets due to the scarcity of dedicated large-scale
tracking datasets. In this work, we present TrackingNet, the first large-scale
dataset and benchmark for object tracking in the wild. We provide more than 30K
videos with more than 14 million dense bounding box annotations. Our dataset
covers a wide selection of object classes in broad and diverse context. By
releasing such a large-scale dataset, we expect deep trackers to further
improve and generalize. In addition, we introduce a new benchmark composed of
500 novel videos, modeled with a distribution similar to our training dataset.
By sequestering the annotation of the test set and providing an online
evaluation server, we provide a fair benchmark for future development of object
trackers. Deep trackers fine-tuned on a fraction of our dataset improve their
performance by up to 1.6% on OTB100 and up to 1.7% on TrackingNet Test. We
provide an extensive benchmark on TrackingNet by evaluating more than 20
trackers. Our results suggest that object tracking in the wild is far from
being solved.


  I revisit an automated proof of Andrews' pentagonal number theorem found by
Riese. I uncover a simple polynomial identity hidden behind his proof. I
explain how to use this identity to prove Andrews' result along with a variety
of new formulas of similar type. I reveal an interesting relation between the
tri-pentagonal theorem and items (19), (20), (94), (98) on the celebrated
Slater list. Finally, I establish a new infinite family of multiple series
identities.


  For each surface besides the sphere, projective plane, and Klein bottle, we
construct a face-simple minimal quadrangulation, i.e., a simple quadrangulation
on the fewest number of vertices possible, whose dual is also a simple graph.
Our result answers a question of Liu, Ellingham, and Ye while providing a
simpler proof of their main result. The inductive construction is based on an
earlier idea for finding near-quadrangular embeddings of the complete graphs
using the diamond sum operation.


  In [Camano, Lackner, Monk, SIAM J. Math. Anal., Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 4376-4401
(2017)] it was suggested to use Stekloff eigenvalues for Maxwell equations as
target signature for nondestructive testing via inverse scattering. The authors
recognized that in general the eigenvalues due not correspond to the spectrum
of a compact operator and hence proposed a modified eigenvalue problem with the
desired properties. The Fredholmness and the approximation of both problems
were analyzed in [Halla, arXiv:1909.00689 (2019)]. The present work considers
the original eigenvalue problem in the selfadjoint case. We report that apart
for a countable set of particular frequencies, the spectrum consists of three
disjoint parts: The essential spectrum consisting of the point zero, an
infinite sequence of positive eigenvalues which accumulate only at infinity and
an infinite sequence of negative eigenvalues which accumulate only at zero. The
analysis is based on a representation of the operator as block operator. For
small/big enough eigenvalue parameter the Schur-complements with respect to
different components can be build. For each Schur-complement the existence of
an infinite sequence of eigenvalues is proved via a fixed point technique
similar to [Cakoni, Haddar, Applicable Analysis, 88:4, 475-493 (2009)]. The
modified eigenvalue problem considered in the above references arises as limit
of one of the Schur-complements.


  Information extraction from chemistry literature is vital for constructing
up-to-date reaction databases for data-driven chemistry. Complete extraction
requires combining information across text, tables, and figures, whereas prior
work has mainly investigated extracting reactions from single modalities. In
this paper, we present OpenChemIE to address this complex challenge and enable
the extraction of reaction data at the document level. OpenChemIE approaches
the problem in two steps: extracting relevant information from individual
modalities and then integrating the results to obtain a final list of
reactions. For the first step, we employ specialized neural models that each
address a specific task for chemistry information extraction, such as parsing
molecules or reactions from text or figures. We then integrate the information
from these modules using chemistry-informed algorithms, allowing for the
extraction of fine-grained reaction data from reaction condition and substrate
scope investigations. Our machine learning models attain state-of-the-art
performance when evaluated individually, and we meticulously annotate a
challenging dataset of reaction schemes with R-groups to evaluate our pipeline
as a whole, achieving an F1 score of 69.5%. Additionally, the reaction
extraction results of \ours attain an accuracy score of 64.3% when directly
compared against the Reaxys chemical database. We provide OpenChemIE freely to
the public as an open-source package, as well as through a web interface.


  Large-scale gaseous filaments with length up to the order of 100 pc are on
the upper end of the filamentary hierarchy of the Galactic interstellar medium.
Their association with respect to the Galactic structure and their role in
Galactic star formation are of great interest from both observational and
theoretical point of view. Previous "by-eye" searches, combined together, have
started to uncover the Galactic distribution of large filaments, yet inherent
bias and small sample size limit conclusive statistical results to be drawn.
Here, we present (1) a new, automated method to identify large-scale
velocity-coherent dense filaments, and (2) the first statistics and the
Galactic distribution of these filaments. We use a customized minimum spanning
tree algorithm to identify filaments by connecting voxels in the
position-position-velocity space, using the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey
spectroscopic catalog. In the range of $7.^{\circ}5 \le l \le 194^{\circ}$, we
have identified 54 large-scale filaments and derived mass ($\sim 10^3 - 10^5 \,
M_\odot$), length (10-276 pc), linear mass density (54-8625 $M_\odot \,
\rm{pc}^{-1}$), aspect ratio, linearity, velocity gradient, temperature,
fragmentation, Galactic location and orientation angle. The filaments
concentrate along major spiral arms. They are widely distributed across the
Galactic disk, with 50% located within $\pm$20 pc from the Galactic mid-plane
and 27% run in the center of spiral arms (aka "bones"). An order of 1% of the
molecular ISM is confined in large filaments. Massive star formation is more
favorable in large filaments compared to elsewhere. This is the first
comprehensive catalog of large filaments useful for a quantitative comparison
with spiral structures and numerical simulations.


  In this paper we describe an algorithm for computing the left, right, or
2-sided congruences of a finitely presented semigroup or monoid with finitely
many classes, and alternative algorithm when the finitely presented semigroup
or monoid is finite. We compare the two algorithms presented to existing
algorithms and implementations. The first algorithm is a generalization of
Sims' low index subgroup algorithm for finding the congruences of a monoid. The
second algorithm involves determining the distinct principal congruences, and
then finding all of their possible joins. Variations of this algorithm have
been suggested in numerous contexts by numerous authors. We show how to utilise
the theory of relative Green's relations, and a version of Schreier's Lemma for
monoids, to reduce the number of principal congruences that must be generated
as the first step of this approach. Both of the algorithms described in this
paper are implemented in the GAP package Semigroups, and the first algorithm is
available in the C++ library libsemigroups and in its python bindings
libsemigroups_pybind.


  Let $K$ be a number field generated by a root $\th$ of a monic irreducible
trinomial $F(x) = x^n+ax^{m}+b \in \Z[x]$. In this paper, we study the problem
of $K$. More precisely, we provide some explicit conditions on $a$, $b$, $n$,
and $m$ for which $K$ is not monogenic. As applications, we show that there are
infinite families of non-monogenic number fields defined by trinomials of
degree $n=2^r\cdot3^k$ with $r$ and $k$ two positive integers. We also give
infinite families of non-monogenic sextic number fields defined by trinomials.
Some illustrating examples are giving at the end of this paper.


  This paper addresses some questions about dimension theory for P-minimal
structures. We show that, for any definable set A, the dimension of the
frontier of A is strictly smaller than the dimension of A itself, and that A
has a decomposition into definable, pure-dimensional components. This is then
used to show that the intersection of finitely many definable dense subsets of
A is still dense in A. As an application, we obtain that any m-ary definable
function is continuous on a dense, relatively open subset of its domain,
thereby answering a question that was originally posed by Haskell and
Macpherson. In order to obtain these results, we show that P-minimal structures
admit a type of cell decomposition, using a topological notion of cells
inspired by real algebraic geometry.


  A complete p-adic Khintchine type theorem for approximation by p-adic
algebraic numbers is established.


  Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently empowered various novel computer
vision (CV) tasks. In GNN-based CV tasks, a combination of CNN layers and GNN
layers or only GNN layers are employed. This paper introduces GCV-Turbo, a
domain-specific accelerator on FPGA for end-to-end acceleration of GNN-based CV
tasks. GCV-Turbo consists of two key components: (1) a \emph{novel} hardware
architecture optimized for the computation kernels in both CNNs and GNNs using
the same set of computation resources. (2) a PyTorch-compatible compiler that
takes a user-defined model as input, performs end-to-end optimization for the
computation graph of a given GNN-based CV task, and produces optimized code for
hardware execution. The hardware architecture and the compiler work
synergistically to support a variety of GNN-based CV tasks. We implement
GCV-Turbo on a state-of-the-art FPGA and evaluate its performance across six
representative GNN-based CV tasks with diverse input data modalities (e.g.,
image, human skeleton, point cloud). Compared with state-of-the-art CPU (GPU)
implementations, GCV-Turbo achieves an average latency reduction of
$68.4\times$ ($4.1\times$) on these six GNN-based CV tasks. Moreover, GCV-Turbo
supports the execution of the standalone CNNs or GNNs, achieving performance
comparable to that of state-of-the-art CNN (GNN) accelerators for widely used
CNN-only (GNN-only) models.


  We obtain several new results contributing to the theory of real equiangular
line systems. Among other things, we present a new general lower bound on the
maximum number of equiangular lines in d dimensional Euclidean space; we
describe the two-graphs on 12 vertices; and we investigate Seidel matrices with
exactly three distinct eigenvalues. As a result, we improve on two
long-standing upper bounds regarding the maximum number of equiangular lines in
dimensions d=14, and d=16. Additionally, we prove the nonexistence of certain
regular graphs with four eigenvalues, and correct some tables from the
literature.


  In this paper, we contribute to the Extreme Bandit problem, a variant of
Multi-Armed Bandits in which the learner seeks to collect the largest possible
reward. We first study the concentration of the maximum of i.i.d random
variables under mild assumptions on the tail of the rewards distributions. This
analysis motivates the introduction of Quantile of Maxima (QoMax). The
properties of QoMax are sufficient to build an Explore-Then-Commit (ETC)
strategy, QoMax-ETC, achieving strong asymptotic guarantees despite its
simplicity. We then propose and analyze a more adaptive, anytime algorithm,
QoMax-SDA, which combines QoMax with a subsampling method recently introduced
by Baudry et al. (2021). Both algorithms are more efficient than existing
approaches in two aspects (1) they lead to better empirical performance (2)
they enjoy a significant reduction of the memory and time complexities.


  It has been recently shown (Mitra,- astro-ph/9910408, astro-ph/0207056) that
the timelike spherical collapse of a radiating, physical fluid in General
Relativity, as seen by an interior co-moving observer at rest in the physical
fluid, does not permit formation of ``trapped surfaces''. This followed from
the fact that the formation of a trapped surface in a physical fluid would
cause the timelike world lines of the collapsing fluid to become null at the
would be trapped surface, thus violating the Principle of Equivalence in
General Theory of Relativity. In this paper we generalize and extend this
result by studying the problem from the point of view of the exterior Vaidya
metric of a collapsing radiating fluid as seen by an exterior stationary
observer, and find that the "no trapped surface condition" becomes g00 > 0
consistent with that obtained for the interior co-moving metric. Since we have
shown that the Principle of Equivalence prevents trapped surfaces from being
formed in collapsing, radiating objects, then true event horizons cannot exist
and Galactic Black Hole Candidates (GBHC) must have physically observable
intrinsic magnetic dipole moments. Because of this fact it follows (Robertson
and Leiter - astro-ph/0102381, astro-ph/0208333) that GBHC can be consistently
described, within the framework of General Relativity, in terms of a
magneto-spheric eternally collapsing objects (MECO) without true event
horizons.


  We review recently derived NNLO QCD results for top-pair production at hadron
colliders. We compare the size of the NNLO corrections in $q\bar q\to t\bar
t+X$ with the LO and NLO ones, and address the question of convergence of
perturbative series. We compare the NLO and NNLO K-factors for the Tevatron.


  A spatial light modulator (SLM) and a pair of galvanometer-mounted mirrors
(GMM) were combined into an optical tweezers set-up. This provides great
flexibility as the SLM creates an array of traps which can be moved smoothly
and quickly with the GMM. To optimise performance, the effect of the incidence
angle on the SLM with respect to phase and intensity response was investigated.
Although it is common to use the SLM at an incidence angle of 45 degrees,
smaller angles give a full 2pi phase shift and an output intensity which is
less dependent on the magnitude of the phase shift. The traps were calibrated
using an active oscillatory technique and a passive probability distribution
method.


  We show that, for one-dimensional discrete Schr\"odinger operators, stability
of Anderson localization under a class of rank one perturbations implies
absence of intervals in spectra. The argument is based on well-known result of
Gordon and del Rio--Makarov--Simon, combined with a way to consider
perturbations whose ranges are not necessarily cyclic. The main application of
the results is showing that a class of quasiperiodic operators with
sawtooth-like potentials, for which such a version of stable localization is
known, has Cantor spectra. We also obtain several results on gap filling under
rank one perturbations for some general (not necessarily monotone) classes of
quasiperiodic operators with discontinuous potentials.


  Condensate clouds strongly impact the spectra of brown dwarfs and exoplanets.
Recent discoveries of variable L/T transition dwarfs argued for patchy clouds
in at least some ultracool atmospheres. This study aims to measure the
frequency and level of spectral variability in brown dwarfs and to search for
correlations with spectral type. We used HST/WFC3 to obtain spectroscopic time
series for 22 brown dwarfs of spectral types ranging from L5 to T6 at 1.1-1.7
$\mu$m for $\approx$40 min per object. Using Bayesian analysis, we find 6 brown
dwarfs with confident $(p>95\%)$ variability in the relative flux in at least
one wavelength region at sub-percent precision, and 5 brown dwarfs with
tentative $(p>68\%)$ variability. We derive a minimum variability fraction
$f_{min}=27^{+11}_{-7}\%$ over all covered spectral types. The fraction of
variables is equal within errors for mid L, late L and mid T spectral types;
for early T dwarfs we do not find any confident variable but the sample is too
small to derive meaningful limits. For some objects, the variability occurs
primarily in the flux peak in the J or H band, others are variable throughout
the spectrum or only in specific absorption regions. Four sources may have
broad-band peak-to-peak amplitudes exceeding 1%. Our measurements are not
sensitive to very long periods, inclinations near pole-on and rotationally
symmetric heterogeneity. The detection statistics are consistent with most
brown dwarf photospheres being patchy. While multiple-percent near-infrared
variability may be rare and confined to the L/T transition, low-level
heterogeneities are a frequent characteristic of brown dwarf atmospheres.


  Assuming $\mathbf{O}(D,D)$ covariant fields as the `fundamental' variables,
Double Field Theory can accommodate novel geometries where a Riemannian metric
cannot be defined, even locally. Here we present a complete classification of
such non-Riemannian spacetimes in terms of two non-negative integers,
$(n,\bar{n})$, $0\leq n+\bar{n}\leq D$. Upon these backgrounds, strings become
chiral and anti-chiral over $n$ and $\bar{n}$ directions respectively, while
particles and strings are frozen over the $n+\bar{n}$ directions. In
particular, we identify $(0,0)$ as Riemannian manifolds, $(1,0)$ as
non-relativistic spacetime, $(1,1)$ as Gomis-Ooguri non-relativistic string,
$(D{-1},0)$ as ultra-relativistic Carroll geometry, and $(D,0)$ as Siegel's
chiral string. Combined with a covariant Kaluza-Klein ansatz which we further
spell, $(0,1)$ leads to Newton-Cartan gravity. Alternative to the conventional
string compactifications on small manifolds, non-Riemannian spacetime such as
$D=10$, $(3,3)$ may open a new scheme of the dimensional reduction from ten to
four.


  In this brief review of recent work relating the DIBs to other gas-phase
constituents of the ISM, we explore correlations between DIB equivalent widths
and the column densities of various atomic and molecular species, drawn from a
large database constructed for that purpose. The tightness and slopes of the
correlations can provide information on how the DIBs might be related to those
species (physically, chemically, spatially) and on various properties of the
DIB carriers. Deviations from the mean relationships can reveal dependences of
DIB strengths on other parameters, regional variations in DIB behavior, and
individual sight lines where unusual environmental conditions affect the DIBs.
Variations in DIB profiles (e.g., wings, substructure) and relative strengths
may be related to differences in physical conditions inferred from atomic
and/or molecular absorption lines.


  Neural networks (NNs) are increasingly used in always-on safety-critical
applications deployed on hardware accelerators (NN-HAs) employing various
memory technologies. Reliable continuous operation of NN is essential for
safety-critical applications. During online operation, NNs are susceptible to
single and multiple permanent and soft errors due to factors such as radiation,
aging, and thermal effects. Explicit NN-HA testing methods cannot detect
transient faults during inference, are unsuitable for always-on applications,
and require extensive test vector generation and storage. Therefore, in this
paper, we propose the \emph{uncertainty fingerprint} approach representing the
online fault status of NN. Furthermore, we propose a dual head NN topology
specifically designed to produce uncertainty fingerprints and the primary
prediction of the NN in \emph{a single shot}. During the online operation, by
matching the uncertainty fingerprint, we can concurrently self-test NNs with up
to $100\%$ coverage with a low false positive rate while maintaining a similar
performance of the primary task. Compared to existing works, memory overhead is
reduced by up to $243.7$ MB, multiply and accumulate (MAC) operation is reduced
by up to $10000\times$, and false-positive rates are reduced by up to $89\%$.


  The actual realization of the electroweak symmetry breaking in the context of
a natural extension of the Standard Model (SM) and the nature of Dark Matter
(DM) are two of the most compelling questions in high-energy particle physics.
Composite Higgs models may provide a unified picture in which both the Higgs
boson and the DM particle arise as pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons of a
spontaneously broken global symmetry at a scale $f\sim$ TeV. In this paper we
analyze a general class of these models based on the coset SO(6)/SO(5).
Assuming the existence of light and weakly coupled spin-1 and spin-1/2
resonances which mix linearly with the elementary SM particles, we are able to
compute the effective potential of the theory by means of some generalized
Weinberg sum rules. The properties of the Higgs boson, DM, top quark and the
above resonances are thus calculable and tightly connected. We perform a wide
phenomenological analysis, considering both collider physics at the LHC and
astrophysical observables. We find that these models are tightly constrained by
present experimental data, which are able to completely exclude the most
natural setup with $f\simeq 800$ GeV. Upon increasing the value of $f$, an
allowed region appears. In particular for $f\simeq 1.1$ TeV we find a concrete
realization that predicts $m_{DM}\simeq 200$ GeV for the DM mass. This DM
candidate lies close to the present sensitivity of direct detection experiments
and will be ruled out - or discovered - in the near future.


  We provide a Mahler/Elkies-style lower bound for the average values of
dynamical Green's functions on the projective line over an arbitrary valued
field, and give some dynamical and arithmetic applications.


  We study optimal control problems in infinite horizon when the dynamics
belong to a specific class of piecewise deterministic Markov processes
constrained to star-shaped networks (inspired by traffic models). We adapt the
results in [H. M. Soner. Optimal control with state-space constraint. II. SIAM
J. Control Optim., 24(6):1110.1122, 1986] to prove the regularity of the value
function and the dynamic programming principle. Extending the networks and
Krylov's ''shaking the coefficients'' method, we prove that the value function
can be seen as the solution to a linearized optimization problem set on a
convenient set of probability measures. The approach relies entirely on
viscosity arguments. As a by-product, the dual formulation guarantees that the
value function is the pointwise supremum over regular subsolutions of the
associated Hamilton-Jacobi integrodifferential system. This ensures that the
value function satisfies Perron's preconization for the (unique) candidate to
viscosity solution. Finally, we prove that the same kind of linearization can
be obtained by combining linearization for classical (unconstrained) problems
and cost penalization. The latter method works for very general near-viable
systems (possibly without further controllability) and discontinuous costs.


  To solve distributed optimization efficiently with various constraints and
nonsmooth functions, we propose a distributed mirror descent algorithm with
embedded Bregman damping, as a generalization of conventional distributed
projection-based algorithms. In fact, our continuous-time algorithm well
inherits good capabilities of mirror descent approaches to rapidly compute
explicit solutions to the problems with some specific constraint structures.
Moreover, we rigorously prove the convergence of our algorithm, along with the
boundedness of the trajectory and the accuracy of the solution.


  This paper constructs a novel intelligent medical diagnosis system, which can
realize automatic communication and breast cancer pathological image
recognition. This system contains two main parts, including a pre-training
chatbot called M-Chatbot and an improved neural network model of
EfficientNetV2-S named EfficientNetV2-SA, in which the activation function in
top layers is replaced by ACON-C. Using information retrieval mechanism,
M-Chatbot instructs patients to send breast pathological image to
EfficientNetV2-SA network, and then the classifier trained by transfer learning
will return the diagnosis results. We verify the performance of our chatbot and
classification on the extrinsic metrics and BreaKHis dataset, respectively. The
task completion rate of M-Chatbot reached 63.33\%. For the BreaKHis dataset,
the highest accuracy of EfficientNetV2-SA network have achieved 84.71\%. All
these experimental results illustrate that the proposed model can improve the
accuracy performance of image recognition and our new intelligent medical
diagnosis system is successful and efficient in providing automatic diagnosis
of breast cancer.


  QCDml is an XML-based markup language designed for sharing QCD configurations
and ensembles world-wide via the International Lattice Data Grid (ILDG). Based
on the latest release, we present key ingredients of the QCDml in order to
provide some starting points for colleagues in this community to markup
valuable configurations and submit them to the ILDG.


  Exploring the realm of Dark Matter research, Light DM, which has a mass in
the range of 1 MeV to 1 GeV, is a fascinating topic both theoretically and
experimentally. We assume that the light dark matter is composed of complex
scalars and produced from semi-annihilation, which is close to the scale of the
MeV Gamma-ray satellite, allowing us to explore the implications of this
hypothesis. The experimental data we used to constrain the scenario is from
five different sources: the COMPTEL, EGRET, INTEGRAL, Fermi Gamma-ray Space
Telescope, and the e-ASTROGAM future reach. We use the analytical formula to
measure the X-ray spectra allowing us to determine the annihilation
cross-section bounds from $10^{-28}\mathrm{cm}^3/\mathrm{s}$ to
$10^{-22}\mathrm{cm}^3/\mathrm{s}$ for different combinations of dark matter
and mediator masses. We found that the MeV gamma-ray provides valuable insight
into the structure of the semi-annihilation dark matter, where EGRET
contributes to the stringent constraint to the semi-annihilation, and the
e-ASTROGAM future reach could probe the whole parameter space of the model.


  Archival EAS-MSU data are searched for anomalous muonless events which may be
caused by primary gamma rays with energies between 10^15 eV and 10^18 eV. We
consider a refined sample of high-quality data and confirm the previously
reported detection of a non-zero gamma-ray flux at ~5x10^16 eV with a similar
flux value but at somewhat lower statistical significance, corresponding to the
depletion of the sample. We present upper limits on the flux below and above
these energies, including the first constraints in the range (10^17-10^18) eV
never studied by any other experiment.


  We present an experimental investigation of radial spin-wave modes in
magnetic nano-disks with a vortex ground state. The spin-wave amplitude was
measured using a frequency-resolved magneto optical network analyzer, allowing
for high-resolution resonance curves to be recorded. It was found that with
increasing excitation amplitude up to about 10 mT, the lowest-order mode
behaves strongly non-linearly as the mode frequency redshifts and the resonance
peak strongly deforms. This behavior was quantitatively reproduced by
micromagnetic simulations. At higher excitation the spinwaves are transformed
into a soliton by self-focusing, and collapse onto the vortex core, dispersing
the energy in short-wavelength spinwaves. Additionally, this process can lead
to switching of the vortex polarization through the injection of a Bloch point.


  Node centralities play a pivotal role in network science, social network
analysis, and recommender systems. In temporal data, static path-based
centralities like closeness or betweenness can give misleading results about
the true importance of nodes in a temporal graph. To address this issue,
temporal generalizations of betweenness and closeness have been defined that
are based on the shortest time-respecting paths between pairs of nodes.
However, a major issue of those generalizations is that the calculation of such
paths is computationally expensive. Addressing this issue, we study the
application of De Bruijn Graph Neural Networks (DBGNN), a causality-aware graph
neural network architecture, to predict temporal path-based centralities in
time series data. We experimentally evaluate our approach in 13 temporal graphs
from biological and social systems and show that it considerably improves the
prediction of both betweenness and closeness centrality compared to a static
Graph Convolutional Neural Network.


  Let $S_n$ be the sum of independent random variables with distribution $F$.
Under the assumption that $-\log(1-F(x))$ is slowly varying, conditions for $$
  \lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{s\ge t_n}\left|{P[S_n>s]\over n(1-F(s))}-1\right|
  =0 $$ are given. These conditions extend and strengthen a series of previous
results. Additionally, a connection with subexponential distributions is
demonstrated. That is, $F$ is subexponential if and only if the condition above
holds for some $t_n$ and $$
  \lim_{t\to\infty}{1-F(t+x)\over 1-F(t)} = 1
  \quad\text{for each real $x$.}$$


  We consider the problem of learning a coefficient vector $x_{0}$ in $R^{N}$
from noisy linear observations $y=Fx_{0}+w$ in $R^{M}$ in the high dimensional
limit $M,N$ to infinity with $\alpha=M/N$ fixed. We provide a rigorous
derivation of an explicit formula -- first conjectured using heuristic methods
from statistical physics -- for the asymptotic mean squared error obtained by
penalized convex regression estimators such as the LASSO or the elastic net,
for a class of very generic random matrices corresponding to rotationally
invariant data matrices with arbitrary spectrum. The proof is based on a
convergence analysis of an oracle version of vector approximate message-passing
(oracle-VAMP) and on the properties of its state evolution equations. Our
method leverages on and highlights the link between vector approximate
message-passing, Douglas-Rachford splitting and proximal descent algorithms,
extending previous results obtained with i.i.d. matrices for a large class of
problems. We illustrate our results on some concrete examples and show that
even though they are asymptotic, our predictions agree remarkably well with
numerics even for very moderate sizes.


  Due to burdensome data requirements, learning from demonstration often falls
short of its promise to allow users to quickly and naturally program robots.
Demonstrations are inherently ambiguous and incomplete, making correct
generalization to unseen situations difficult without a large number of
demonstrations in varying conditions. By contrast, humans are often able to
learn complex tasks from a single demonstration (typically observations without
action labels) by leveraging context learned over a lifetime. Inspired by this
capability, our goal is to enable robots to perform one-shot learning of
multi-step tasks from observation by leveraging auxiliary video data as
context. Our primary contribution is a novel system that achieves this goal by:
(1) using a single user-segmented demonstration to define the primitive actions
that comprise a task, (2) localizing additional examples of these actions in
unsegmented auxiliary videos via a metalearning-based approach, (3) using these
additional examples to learn a reward function for each action, and (4)
performing reinforcement learning on top of the inferred reward functions to
learn action policies that can be combined to accomplish the task. We
empirically demonstrate that a robot can learn multi-step tasks more
effectively when provided auxiliary video, and that performance greatly
improves when localizing individual actions, compared to learning from
unsegmented videos.


  We investigate the D-brane contents of asymmetric orbifolds. Using T-duality
we find that the consistent description of open strings in asymmetric orbifolds
requires to turn on background gauge fields on the D-branes. We derive the
corresponding noncommutative geometry arising on such D-branes with mixed
Neumann-Dirichlet boundary conditions directly by applying an asymmetric
rotation to open strings with pure Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. As
a concrete application of our results we construct asymmetric type I vacua
requiring open strings with mixed boundary conditions for tadpole cancellation.


  The complicated ways in which electrons interact in many-body systems such as
molecules and materials have long been viewed through the lens of local
electron correlation and associated correlation functions. However, quantum
information science has demonstrated that more global diagnostics of quantum
states, like the entanglement entropy, can provide a complementary and
clarifying lens on electronic behavior. One particularly useful measure that
can be used to distinguish between quantum and classical sources of
entanglement is the accessible entanglement, the entanglement available as a
quantum resource for systems subject to conservation laws, such as fixed
particle number, due to superselection rules. In this work, we introduce an
algorithm and demonstrate how to compute accessible and symmetry-resolved
entanglements for interacting fermion systems. This is accomplished by
combining an incremental version of the swap algorithm with a recursive
Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo algorithm recently developed by the
authors. We apply these tools to study the pairing and charge density waves
exhibited in the paradigmatic attractive Hubbard model via entanglement. We
find that the particle and spin symmetry-resolved entanglements and their
related full probability distribution functions show very clear - and unique -
signatures of the underlying electronic behavior even when those features are
less pronounced in more conventional correlation functions. Overall, this work
provides a systematic means of characterizing the entanglement within quantum
systems that can grant a deeper understanding of the complicated electronic
behavior that underlies quantum phase transitions and crossovers in many-body
systems.


  We report on a lattice investigation of heavy quark diffusion within pure
SU(3) plasma above the deconfinement transition, with the quarks treated to
leading order in the heavy mass expansion. Using a multilevel algorithm,
several volumes and lattice spacings, as well as tree-level improvement and
perturbative renormalization, we measure the relevant "colour-electric"
Euclidean correlator, finding that it clearly exceeds its perturbative
counterpart. Even without analytic continuation, this suggests that at
temperatures just above the critical one, non-perturbative interactions felt by
the heavy quarks are stronger than within the weak-coupling expansion. After
introducing rough modelling of the spectral shape, diffusion coefficients down
to D ~ 0.5/T appear possible.


  Transductive learning considers situations when a learner observes $m$
labelled training points and $u$ unlabelled test points with the final goal of
giving correct answers for the test points. This paper introduces a new
complexity measure for transductive learning called Permutational Rademacher
Complexity (PRC) and studies its properties. A novel symmetrization inequality
is proved, which shows that PRC provides a tighter control over expected
suprema of empirical processes compared to what happens in the standard i.i.d.
setting. A number of comparison results are also provided, which show the
relation between PRC and other popular complexity measures used in statistical
learning theory, including Rademacher complexity and Transductive Rademacher
Complexity (TRC). We argue that PRC is a more suitable complexity measure for
transductive learning. Finally, these results are combined with a standard
concentration argument to provide novel data-dependent risk bounds for
transductive learning.


  We derive rotation curves for four nearby, low-mass spiral galaxies and use
them to constrain the shapes of their dark matter density profiles. This
analysis is based on high-resolution two-dimensional Halpha velocity fields of
NGC 4605, NGC 5949, NGC 5963, and NGC 6689 and CO velocity fields of NGC 4605
and NGC 5963. In combination with our previous study of NGC 2976, the full
sample of five galaxies contains density profiles that span the range from
alpha_dm = 0 to alpha_dm = 1.20, where alpha_dm is the power law index
describing the central density profile. The scatter in alpha_dm from galaxy to
galaxy is 0.44, three times as large as in Cold Dark Matter (CDM) simulations,
and the mean density profile slope is alpha_dm = 0.73, shallower than that
predicted by the simulations. These results call into question the hypothesis
that all galaxies share a universal dark matter density profile. We show that
one of the galaxies in our sample, NGC 5963, has a cuspy density profile that
closely resembles those seen in CDM simulations, demonstrating that while
galaxies with the steep central density cusps predicted by CDM do exist, they
are in the minority. In spite of these differences between observations and
simulations, the relatively cuspy density profiles we find do not suggest that
this problem represents a crisis for CDM. Improving the resolution of the
simulations and incorporating additional physics may resolve the remaining
discrepancies. We also find that four of the galaxies contain detectable radial
motions in the plane of the galaxy. We investigate the hypothesis that these
motions are caused by a triaxial dark matter halo, and place lower limits on
the ellipticity of the orbits in the plane of the disk of 0.043 - 0.175.


  The viscoelasticity of a two-dimensional liquid strongly-coupled dusty plasma
is studied experimentally, without macroscopic shear. Positions and velocities
of the dust particles, measured by video microscopy, are used as the inputs to
the generalized Green-Kubo relation to obtain the complex viscosity $\eta
(\omega)$. The real part of $\eta (\omega)$ (which corresponds to dissipation)
diminishes gradually with frequency, while the imaginary part (which
corresponds to elasticity) is peaked at a frequency below the 2D dusty plasma
frequency. The viscoelastic approximation is found to accurately describe the
2D experimental results for $\eta (\omega)$, yielding the Maxwell relaxation
time $\tau_M = 0.10 s$. Results for $\eta (\omega)$ are compared to 2D
molecular dynamics Yukawa simulations and to a previous experiment that was
performed using an oscillating macroscopic shear.


  Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) are widely used to treat bone
density loss and skeletal disorders. The adsorption, retention, diffusion, and
release of (NBPs) in bone minerals are governed by their binding affinities to
such minerals. Extensive crystal growth, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and
isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies have been conducted to measure
the binding affinities of NBPs to bone minerals, but the results have been
inconsistent. In this work, we examined the binding free energies of
zoledronate (ZOL), risedronate (RIS), pamidronate (PAM), alendronate (ALN), and
ibandronate (IBN) to neat and protonated hydroxyapatite (HAP) surfaces
including (001), (010), and (101) facets through molecular dynamics. Our
simulation results showed that nitrogen-containing functional groups and
surface protonation influence the binding affinities of BPs to HAP surfaces.
The hydrophilic behavior of nitrogen-containing functional groups enabled ZOL
have a larger binding free energy than RIS and IBN at neat HAP surfaces. The
protonated and slender amine groups of PAM and IBN enabled them have larger
binding free energies and wider potential wells than that of ZOL, RIS, and IBN
at neat and protonated HAP surfaces. In general, surface protonation in general
reduced the binding affinities of NBPs except protonated (010) surfaces. NBPs
preferred to immerse at the grooves of protonated (010) surfaces with high
binding free energies, and the immersions were consistent with a site-binding
model developed from (ITC) measurements. Based on our simulations results we
propose that the binding rank is ALN > PAM > ZOL > IBN > RIS which is
consistent with NMR and ITC studies, and the rank at neat (001) surfaces is ZOL
> ALN > IBN > RIS, which correlates with crystal growth studies. The simulation
results helped to unify diverged observations in the literature.


  Stimulated Raman scattering of atoms with $\Lambda$-configuration of levels
is a promising tool for transducing microwave photons to optical photons. We
consider an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate whose large phase-space density
highly amplifies the coupling to the microwave field. Due momentum transfer to
the condensate, stimulated photon scattering can occur outside of the
phase-matched direction, which can be used to separate the converted photons
from the strong Raman readout pulse. Conversely, in the phase-matched
direction, superradiant scattering due to bosonic enhancement leads to
increased efficiency of the microwave to optical conversion. We determine the
optimal conditions for the emitted optical photons to be collected into the
guided modes of optical fibers.


  This paper follows calls for critical approaches to computing and
conceptualisations of intersectional, feminist, decolonial HCI and AI design
and asks what a feminist intersectional perspective in HCXAI research and
design might look like. Sketching out initial research directions and
implications for explainable AI design, it suggests that explainability from a
feminist perspective would include the fostering of response-ability - the
capacity to critically evaluate and respond to AI systems - and would centre
marginalised perspectives.


  It has recently been suggested that scalar, Dirac and Rarita-Schwinger
perturbations are related to thermodynamic phase transitions of charged
(Reissner-Nordstr\"om) black holes. In this note we show that this result is
probably a numerical coincidence, and that the conjectured correspondence does
not straightforwardly generalize to other metrics, such as Kerr or
Schwarzschild (anti-)de Sitter. Our calculations do not rule out a relation
between dynamical and thermodynamical properties of black holes, but they
suggest that such a relation is non-trivial.


  The two-dimensional unsteady coupled Burgers' equations with moderate to
severe gradients, are solved numerically using higher-order accurate finite
difference schemes; namely the fourth-order accurate compact ADI scheme, and
the fourth-order accurate Du Fort Frankel scheme. The question of numerical
stability and convergence are presented. Comparisons are made between the
present schemes in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency for solving
problems with severe internal and boundary gradients. The present study shows
that the fourth-order compact ADI scheme is stable and efficient.


  Ergodicity sits at the heart of the connection between statistical mechanics
and dynamics of a physical system. By fixing the initial state of the system
into the ground state of the Hamiltonian at zero temperature and tuning a
control parameter, we consider the occurrence of the ergodicity with quench
dynamics in the one-dimensional (1D) spin-1/2 XY model in a transverse magnetic
field. The ground-state phase diagram consists of two ferromagnetic and
paramagnetic phases. It is known the magnetization in this spin system is
non-ergodic. We set up two different experiments as we call them single and
double quenches and test the dynamics of the magnetization along the $Z$-axis
and the spin-spin correlation function along the $X$-axis which are the order
parameters of the zero-temperature phases . Our exact results reveal that for
single quenches at zero-temperature, the ergodicity depends on the initial
state and the order parameter. Interestingly on the other setup, a double
quench on a cyclic path, ergodicity is completely broken for starting from the
phase corresponding to the order parameter. Otherwise, it depends on the first
quenched point, and the quench time $T$ when the model spent before a second
quench in the way back which gives an ability to controlling the ergodicity in
the system. Therefore, and contrary to expectations, in the mentioned model the
ergodicity can be observed with probing quench dynamics at zero-temperature.
Our results provide further insight into the zero-temperature dynamical
behavior of quantum systems and their connections to the ergodicity phenomenon.


  First order corrections to the Unruh effect are calculated from a model of an
accelerated particle detector of finite mass. We show that quantum smearing of
the trajectory and large recoil essentially do not modify the Unruh effect.
Nevertheless, we find corrections to the thermal distribution and to the Unruh
temperature. In a certain limit, when the distribution at equilibrium remains
exactly thermal, the corrected temperature is found to be $T = T_U( 1 -
T_U/M)$, where $T_U$ is the Unruh temperature. We estimate the consequent
corrections to the Hawking temperature and the black hole entropy, and comment
on the relationship to the problem of trans-planckian frequencies.


  We study the effect of the composition of the genetic sequence on the melting
temperature of double stranded DNA, using some simple analytically solvable
models proposed in the framework of the wetting problem. We review previous
work on disordered versions of these models and solve them when there were not
preexistent solutions. We check the solutions with Monte Carlo simulations and
transfer matrix numerical calculations. We present numerical evidence that
suggests that the logarithmic corrections to the critical temperature due to
disorder, previously found in RSOS models, apply more generally to ASOS and
continuous models. The agreement between the theoretical models and
experimental data shows that, in this context, disorder should be the crucial
ingredient of any model while other aspects may be kept very simple, an
approach that can be useful for a wider class of problems. Our work has also
implications for the existence of correlations in DNA sequences.


  Adversarial attack breaks the boundaries of traditional security defense. For
adversarial attack and the characteristics of cloud services, we propose
Security Development Lifecycle for Machine Learning applications, e.g., SDL for
ML. The SDL for ML helps developers build more secure software by reducing the
number and severity of vulnerabilities in ML-as-a-service, while reducing
development cost.


  The ngVLA will facilitate deep surveys capable of detecting the faint and
compact signatures of accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses
below one million solar-masses hosted by low-mass ($< 10^9$ solar-masses)
galaxies. This will provide important new insights on both the origins of
supermassive black holes and the possible impact of active galactic
nucleus-driven feedback in a currently unexplored mass regime.


  In this paper,we will show how to kill the obstructions to Lie algebra
deformations via a method which essentially embeds a Lie algebra into Strong
homotopy Lie algebra or $L_{\infty}$ algebra. All such obstructions have been
transfered to the revelvant $L_{\infty}$ algebras which contain only three
terms


  We compute, to the lowest perturbative order in $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory,
$n$-point correlators in the coordinate and momentum representation of the
gauge-invariant twist-$2$ operators with maximal spin along the $p_+$
direction, both in Minkowskian and -- by analytic continuation -- Euclidean
space-time. We also construct the corresponding generating functionals.
Remarkably, they have the structure of the logarithm of a functional
determinant of the identity plus a term involving the effective propagators
that act on the appropriate source fields.


  The problem of holomorphic contractibilty of Teichm\"uller spaces T(0, n) of
the punctures spheres (n > 4) arose in the 1970s in connection with solving the
algebraic equations in Banach algebras. We provide a positive solution of this
problem.


  Energy release in the early Universe leads to spectral distortions of the
cosmic microwave background (CMB) which in the future might allow probing
different physical processes in the pre-recombination (z>~10^3) epoch.
Depending on the energy injection history, the associated distortion partially
thermalizes due to the combined action of Compton scattering, double Compton
scattering and Bremsstrahlung emission, a problem that in general is hard to
solve. Various analytic approximations describing the resulting distortion
exist, however, for small distortions and fixed background cosmology the
Green's function of the problem can be pre-computed numerically. Here we show
that this approach gives very accurate results for a wide range of thermal
histories, allowing fast and quasi-exact computation of the spectral distortion
given the energy release rate. Our method is thus useful for forecasts of
possible constraints on early-universe physics obtained from future
measurements of the CMB spectrum.


  This work addresses the one-dimensional problem of Bloch electrons when they
are rapidly driven by a homogeneous time-periodic light and linearly coupled to
vibrational modes. Starting from a generic time-periodic electron-phonon
Hamiltonian, we derive a time-independent effective Hamiltonian that describes
the stroboscopic dynamics up to the third order in the high-frequency limit.
This yields nonequilibrium corrections to the electron-phonon coupling that are
controllable dynamically via the driving strength. This shows in particular
that local Holstein interactions in equilibrium are corrected by nonlocal
Peierls interactions out of equilibrium, as well as by phonon-assisted hopping
processes that make the dynamical Wannier-Stark localization of Bloch electrons
impossible. Subsequently, we revisit the Holstein polaron problem out of
equilibrium in terms of effective Green functions, and specify explicitly how
the binding energy and effective mass of the polaron can be controlled
dynamically. These tunable properties are reported within the weak- and
strong-coupling regimes since both can be visited within the same material when
varying the driving strength. This work provides some insight into controllable
microscopic mechanisms that may be involved during the multicycle laser
irradiations of organic molecular crystals in ultrafast pump-probe experiments,
although it should also be suitable for realizations in shaken optical lattices
of ultracold atoms.


  According to an article entitled Disproof of solar influence on the decay
rates of 90Sr/90Y by Kossert and N\"ahle of the Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB) [1], the PTB measurements show no evidence of variability.
We show that, on the contrary, those measurements reveal strong evidence of
variability, including an oscillation at 11 year-1 that is suggestive of an
influence of internal solar rotation. An analysis of radon beta-decay data
acquired at the Geological Survey of Israel (GSI) Laboratory for the same time
interval yields strong confirmation of this oscillation.


  We experimentally and theoretically study the frequency shift of a driven
cavity coupled to a superconducting charge qubit. In addition to previous
studies, we here also consider drive strengths large enough to energetically
allow for quasiparticle creation. Quasiparticle tunneling leads to the
inclusion of more than two charge states in the dynamics. To explain the
observed effects, we develop a master equation for the microwave dressed charge
states, including quasiparticle tunneling. A bimodal behavior of the frequency
shift as a function of gate voltage can be used for sensitive charge detection.
However, at weak drives the charge sensitivity is significantly reduced by
non-equilibrium quasiparticles, which induce transitions to a non-sensitive
state. Unexpectedly, at high enough drives, quasiparticle tunneling enables a
very fast relaxation channel to the sensitive state. In this regime, the charge
sensitivity is thus robust against externally injected quasiparticles and the
desired dynamics prevail over a broad range of temperatures. We find very good
agreement between theory and experiment over a wide range of drive strengths
and temperatures.


  Motivated by capturing putative quantum effects at the horizon scale, we
model the black hole horizon as a membrane with fluctuations following a
Gaussian profile. By extending the membrane paradigm at the semiclassical
level, we show that the quantum nature of the black hole horizon implies
partially reflective boundary conditions and a frequency-dependent
reflectivity. This generically results into a modified quasi-normal mode
spectrum and the existence of echoes in the postmerger signal. On a similar
note, we derive the horizon boundary condition for a braneworld black hole that
could originate from quantum corrections on the brane. This scenario also leads
to a modified gravitational-wave ringdown. We discuss general implications of
these findings for scenarios predicting quantum corrections at the horizon
scale.


  In this article we investigate the relationships between the classical
notions of weakest precondition and weakest liberal precondition, and provide
several results, namely that in general, weakest liberal precondition is
neither stronger nor weaker than weakest precondition, however, given a
deterministic and terminating sequential while program and a postcondition,
they are equivalent. Hence, in such situation, it does not matter which
definition is used.


  We study the asymptotic behaviour of large tensor powers of normed spaces and
of operators between them. We define the tensor radius of a finite-dimensional
normed space $X$ as the limit of the sequence $A_k^{1/k}$, where $A_k$ is the
equivalence constant between the projective and injective norms on $X^{\otimes
k}$. We show that Euclidean spaces are characterized by the property that their
tensor radius equals their dimension. Moreover, we compute the tensor radius
for spaces with enough symmetries, such as the spaces $\ell_p^n$. We also
define the tensor radius of an operator $T$ as the limit of the sequence
$B_k^{1/k}$, where $B_k$ is the injective-to-projective norm of $T^{\otimes
k}$. We show that the tensor radius of an operator whose domain or range is
Euclidean is equal to its nuclear norm, and give some evidence that this
property might characterize Euclidean spaces.


  Tl2Mo6Se6 represents a model system for quasi-one-dimensional
superconductors. We investigate its superconducting transition in detail by
means of electrical transport experiments on high-quality single crystalline
samples with onset Tc = 6.8 K. Our measurements indicate a highly complex
superconducting transition which occurs in different stages, with a
characteristic bump in the resistivity and distinct plateau structures in the
supercurrent gap imaged by V-I curves. We interpret these features as
fingerprints of the gradual establishment of global phase coherence in an array
of weakly coupled parallel one-dimensional (1D) superconducting bundles. In
this way, we demonstrate that superconducting Tl2Mo6Se6 behaves like an
intrinsic array of Proximity or Josephson junctions, undergoing a complex
superconducting phase-ordering transition at 4.5 K which shows many
similarities to the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.


  Autonomous drone racing is a challenging research problem at the intersection
of computer vision, planning, state estimation, and control. We introduce
AirSim Drone Racing Lab, a simulation framework for enabling fast prototyping
of algorithms for autonomy and enabling machine learning research in this
domain, with the goal of reducing the time, money, and risks associated with
field robotics. Our framework enables generation of racing tracks in multiple
photo-realistic environments, orchestration of drone races, comes with a suite
of gate assets, allows for multiple sensor modalities (monocular, depth,
neuromorphic events, optical flow), different camera models, and benchmarking
of planning, control, computer vision, and learning-based algorithms. We used
our framework to host a simulation based drone racing competition at NeurIPS
2019. The competition binaries are available at our github repository.


  Transition-metal dichalcogenides can be easily produced as atomically thin
sheets, exhibiting the possibility to optically polarize and read out the
valley pseudospin of extremely stable excitonic quasiparticles present in these
2D semiconductors. Here, we investigate a monolayer of tungsten disulphide in
high magnetic fields up to 30\,T via photoluminescence spectroscopy at low
temperatures. The valley degeneracy is lifted for all optical features,
particularly for excitons, singlet and triplet trions, for which we determine
the g factor separately. While the observation of a diamagnetic shift of the
exciton and trion resonances gives us insight into the real-space extension of
these quasiparticles, magnetic field induced valley polarization effects shed
light onto the exciton and trion dispersion relations in reciprocal space. The
field dependence of the trion valley polarizations is in line with the
predicted trion splitting into singlet and triplet configurations.


  High angular resolution radio continuum images of NGC 1976 (M42, Orion A) at
frequency=330 MHz (wavelength=91 cm), 1.5 GHz (20 cm) and 10.6 GHz (2.8 cm),
have been aligned, placed on a common grid, smoothed to common resolutions of
80" (=0.16 pc at 420 pc) and 90" (=0.18 pc) and compared on a
position-by-position basis. The results are not consistent with a single value
of Te. Rather, there is a significant variation, from Te =6000K in the low
intensity, extended region to Te=8500K in the higher intensity, more compact
region. The best fit to the data is a multi-layer model obtained from radio
recombination line (RRL) data. An estimate of temperature fluctuations from the
model yields t2=0.003. This is a factor of 10 lower than fluctuation values
from optical O++ line data.


  In this paper we propose a new language model called AGENT, which stands for
Adversarial Generation and Encoding of Nested Texts. AGENT is designed for
encoding, generating and refining documents that consist of a long and coherent
text, such as an entire book, provided they are hierarchically annotated
(nested). i.e. divided into sentences, paragraphs and chapters. The core idea
of our system is learning vector representations for each level of the text
hierarchy (sentences, paragraphs, etc...), and train each such representation
to perform 3 tasks: The task of reconstructing the sequence of vectors from a
lower level that was used to create the representation, and generalized
versions of the Masked Language Modeling (MLM) and "Next Sentence Prediction"
tasks from BERT Devlin et al. [2018]. Additionally we present a new adversarial
model for long text generation and suggest a way to improve the coherence of
the generated text by traversing its vector representation tree.


  To generate initial conditions for cosmological $N$-body simulations, one
needs to prepare a uniform distribution of simulation particles, so-called the
pre-initial condition (pre-IC). The standard method to construct the pre-IC is
to place the particles on the lattice grids evenly spaced in the
three-dimensional spatial coordinates. However, even after the initial
displacement of each particle according to cosmological perturbations, the
particle distribution remains to display an artificial anisotropy. Such an
artifact causes systematic effects in simulations at later time until the
evolved particle distribution sufficiently erases the initial anisotropy. In
this paper, we study the impacts of the pre-IC on the anisotropic separate
universe simulation, where the effect of large-scale tidal field on structure
formation is taken into account using the anisotropic expansion in a local
background (simulation volume). To quantify the impacts, we compare the
simulations employing the standard grid pre-IC and the glass one, where the
latter is supposed to suppress the initial anisotropy. We show that the
artificial features in the grid pre-IC simulations are seen until $z\sim 9$,
while the glass pre-IC simulations appear to be stable and accurate over the
range of scales we study. From these results we find that a coupling of the
large-scale tidal field with matter clustering is enhanced compared to the
leading-order prediction of perturbation theory in the quasi non-linear regime
in the redshift range $5\lesssim z\lesssim 15$, indicating the importance of
tidal field on structure formation at such high redshifts, e.g. during the
epoch of reionization.


  The Mu3e experiment aims to search for the lepton-flavour violating decay
$\mu^+\rightarrow\ \text{e}^+ \text{e}^+ \text{e}^-$ with a sensitivity to one
signal decay in $10^{16}$ muon decays at a muon stopping rate of $2\times 10^9
\frac{\mu}{\text{s}}$. With currently available rates of $10^8
\frac{\mu}{\text{s}}$, a sensitivity on the branching ratio of $10^{-15}$ is
the aim of the first phase. This will allow for tests of new physics models
with enhanced branching ratios for lepton-flavour violating processes with an
unprecedented precision. The experiment must be operated at very high muon
rates all the while suppressing the background of the decay $\mu^+\rightarrow\
\text{e}^+ \text{e}^- \text{e}^+ \overline{\nu}_\mu \nu_\text{e}$ and
accidental electron-positron combinations. Therefore, a tracking detector made
of thin pixel sensors with additional scintillating fibres and tiles for
precise time measurement will be built. The development of the subdetectors is
ongoing while detector construction is still in preparation.


  Let $K[x,y]$ be the polynomial algebra in two variables over an algebraically
closed field $K$. We generalize to the case of any characteristic the result of
Furter that over a field of characteristic zero the set of automorphisms
$(f,g)$ of $K[x,y]$ such that $\max\{\text{deg}(f),\text{deg}(g)\}=n\geq 2$ is
constructible with dimension $n+6$. The same result holds for the automorphisms
of the free associative algebra $K< x,y>$. We have also obtained analogues for
free algebras with two generators in Nielsen -- Schreier varieties of algebras.


  In this article we have shown that the quantum isometry group of
$C_r^*(\mathbb{Z})$, denoted by $\mathbb{Q}(\mathbb{Z},S)$ as in
\cite{gos_man}, with respect to a symmetric generating set $S$ does not depend
on the generating set $S$. Moreover, we have proved that the result is no
longer true if the group $\mathbb{Z}$ is replaced by $\underbrace{\mathbb{Z}
\times \mathbb{Z} \times\cdots \times \mathbb{Z}}_{n \ copies}$ for $n>1$.


  Combining the capabilities of gate defined quantum transport devices in
GaAs-based heterostructures and of optically addressed self-assembled quantum
dots could open broad perspectives for new devices and functionalities. For
example, interfacing stationary solid-state qubits with photonic quantum states
would open a new pathway towards the realization of a quantum network with
extended quantum processing capacity in each node. While gated devices allow
very flexible confinement of electrons or holes, the confinement of excitons
without some element of self-assembly is much harder. To address this
limitation, we introduce a technique to realize exciton traps in quantum wells
via local electric fields by thinning a heterostructure down to a 220 nm thick
membrane. We show that mobilities over $1 \times 10^{6}$
cm$^{2}$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ can be retained and that quantum point contacts and
Coulomb oscillations can be observed on this structure, which implies that the
thinning does not compromise the heterostructure quality. Furthermore, the
local lowering of the exciton energy via the quantum-confined Stark effect is
confirmed, thus forming exciton traps. These results lay the technological
foundations for devices like single photon sources, spin photon interfaces and
eventually quantum network nodes in GaAs quantum wells, realized entirely with
a top-down fabrication process.


  We study numerically the energetics and atomic mechanisms of misfit
dislocation nucleation and stress relaxation in a two-dimensional atomistic
model of strained epitaxial layers on a substrate with lattice misfit.
Relaxation processes from coherent to incoherent states for different
transition paths are studied using interatomic potentials of Lennard-Jones type
and a systematic saddle point and transition path search method. The method is
based on a combination of repulsive potential minimization and the Nudged
Elastic Band method. For a final state with a single misfit dislocation, the
minimum energy path and the corresponding activation barrier are obtained for
different misfits and interatomic potentials. We find that the energy barrier
decreases strongly with misfit. In contrast to continuous elastic theory, a
strong tensile-compressive asymmetry is observed. This asymmetry can be
understood as manifestation of asymmetry between repulsive and attractive
branches of pair potential and it is found to depend sensitively on the form of
the potential.


  We implement the seesaw mechanism in the 3-3-1 model with right-handed
neutrinos. This is accomplished by the introduction of a scalar sextet into the
model and the spontaneous violation of the lepton number. We identify the
Majoron as a singlet under $SU_L(2)\otimes U_Y(1)$ symmetry, which makes it
safe under the current bounds imposed by electroweak data. The main result of
this work is that the seesaw mechanism works already at TeV scale with the
outcome that the right-handed neutrino masses lie in the electroweak scale, in
the range from MeV to tens of GeV. This window provides a great opportunity to
test their appearance at current detectors, though when we contrast our results
with some previous analysis concerning detection sensitivity at LHC, we
conclude that further work is needed in order to validate this search.


  A radio labeling of a connected graph $G$ is a function $c:V(G) \to \mathbb
Z_+$ such that for every two distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$
$$\text{distance}(u,v)+|c(u)-c(v)|\geq 1+ \text{diameter}(G).$$ The radio
number of a graph $G$ is the smallest integer $M$ for which there exists a
labeling $c$ with $c(v)\leq M$ for all $v\in V(G)$. The radio number of graphs
of order $n$ and diameter $n-1$, i.e., paths, was determined in \cite{paths}.
Here we determine the radio numbers of all graphs of order $n$ and diameter
$n-2$.


  Recent work has highlighted the role of initialization scale in determining
the structure of the solutions that gradient methods converge to. In
particular, it was shown that large initialization leads to the neural tangent
kernel regime solution, whereas small initialization leads to so called "rich
regimes". However, the initialization structure is richer than the overall
scale alone and involves relative magnitudes of different weights and layers in
the network. Here we show that these relative scales, which we refer to as
initialization shape, play an important role in determining the learned model.
We develop a novel technique for deriving the inductive bias of gradient-flow
and use it to obtain closed-form implicit regularizers for multiple cases of
interest.


  Mott insulator to superfluid quenches have been used by recent experiments to
generate exotic superfluid phases. While the final Hamiltonian following the
sudden quench is that of a superfluid, it is not a priori clear how close the
final state of the system approaches the ground state of the superfluid
Hamiltonian. To understand the nature of the final state we calculate the
temporal evolution of the momentum distribution following a Mott insulator to
superfluid quench. Using the numerical infinite time-evolving block decimation
approach and the analytical rotor model approximation we establish that the one
and two dimensional Mott insulators following the quench equilibriate to
thermal states with spatially short-ranged coherence peaks in the final
momentum distribution and therefore are not strict superfluids. However, in
three dimensions we find a divergence in the momentum distribution indicating
the emergence of true superfluid order.


  We study the various arithmetic and geometric Frobenius morphisms on the
moduli stack of principal bundles over a smooth projective algebraic curve and
determine explicitly their actions on the $\ell-$adic cohomology of the moduli
stack in terms of Chern classes.


  In this paper I will review the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect; its history,
how it manifests itself during stellar eclipses and planetary transits, and the
increasingly important role its measurements play in guiding our understanding
of the formation and evolution of close binary stars and exoplanet systems.


  By electron and X-ray diffraction we establish that the CrB$_4$ compound
discovered over 40 years ago crystallizes in the $oP10$ (\emph{Pnnm})
structure, in disagreement with previous experiments but in agreement with a
recent first-principles prediction. The 3D boron network in the new structure
is a distorted version of the rigid carbon $sp^3$ network proposed recently for
the high-pressure C$_4$ allotrope. According to our density functional theory
calculations and the analysis of the bonding, CrB$_4$ is a potentially
superhard material. In fact, the calculated weakest shear and tensile stresses
exceed 50 GPa and its Vickers hardness is estimated to be 48 GPa.


  The newly born millisecond pulsars are investigated as possible energy
sources for creating ultra-high energy electrons. The transfer of energy from
the star rotation to high energy electrons takes place through the Landau
damping of centrifugally driven (via a two stream instability) electrostatic
Langmuir waves. Generated in the bulk magnetosphere plasma, such waves grow to
high amplitudes, and then damp, very effectively, on relativistic electrons
driving them to even higher energies. We show that the rate of transfer of
energy is so efficient that no energy losses might affect the mechanism of
particle acceleration; the electrons might achieve energies of the order of
10^{18}eV for parameters characteristic of a young star.


  Nanoplasmonics exploits the coupling between light and collective electron
density oscillations (plasmons) to bypass the stringent limits imposed by
diffraction. This coupling enables confinement of light to sub-wavelength
volumes and is usually exploited in nanostructured metals. Substantial efforts
are being made at the current frontier of the field to employ electron systems
in semiconducting and semimetallic materials since these add the exciting
possibility of realizing electrically tunable and/or active nanoplasmonic
devices. Here we demonstrate that a suitable design of the doping profile in a
semiconductor nanowire (NW) can be used to tailor the plasmonic response and
induce localization effects akin to those observed in metal nanoparticles.
Moreover, by field-effect carrier modulation, we demonstrate that these
localized plasmon resonances can be spatially displaced along the nanostructure
body, thereby paving the way for the implementation of spatially tunable
plasmonic circuits.


  We calculate in chiral perturbation theory the dominant next-to-leading order
correction to the $\pi\gamma$-exchange NN-potential proportional to the large
isovector magnetic moment $\kappa_v = 4.7$ of the nucleon. The corresponding
spin-spin and tensor potentials $\widetilde V_{S,T}(r)$ in coordinate space
have a very simple analytical form. At long distances $r \simeq 2$ fm these
potentials are of similar size (but opposite in sign) as the leading order
$\pi\gamma$-exchange potentials. We consider also effects from virtual
$\Delta$-isobar excitation as well as other isospin-breaking contributions to
the $2\pi$-exchange NN-potential induced by additional one-photon exchange.


  We use transference principle to show that whenever $s$ is suitably large
depending on $k \geq 2$, every sufficiently large natural number $n$ satisfying
some congruence conditions can be written in the form $n = p_1^k + \dots +
p_s^k$, where $p_1, \dots, p_s \in [x-x^\theta, x + x^\theta]$ are primes, $x =
(n/s)^{1/k}$ and $\theta = 0.525 + \epsilon$. We also improve known results for
$\theta$ when $k \geq 2$ and $s \geq k^2 + k + 1$. For example when $k \geq 4$
and $s \geq k^2 + k + 1$ we have $\theta = 0.55 + \epsilon$. All previously
known results on the problem had $\theta > 3/4$.


  We theoretically study the transport properties of self-propelled particles
on complex structures, such as motor proteins on filament networks. A general
master equation formalism is developed to investigate the persistent motion of
individual random walkers, which enables us to identify the contributions of
key parameters: the motor processivity, and the anisotropy and heterogeneity of
the underlying network. We prove the existence of different dynamical regimes
of anomalous motion, and that the crossover times between these regimes as well
as the asymptotic diffusion coefficient can be increased by several orders of
magnitude within biologically relevant control parameter ranges. In terms of
motion in continuous space, the interplay between stepping strategy and
persistency of the walker is established as a source of anomalous diffusion at
short and intermediate time scales.


  Logic locking is a method to prevent intellectual property (IP) piracy.
However, under a reasonable attack model, SAT-based methods have proven to be
powerful in obtaining the secret key. In response, many locking techniques have
been developed to specifically resist this form of attack. In this paper, we
demonstrate two SAT modeling techniques that can provide many orders of
magnitude speed up in discovering the correct key. Specifically, we consider
relaxed encodings and symmetry breaking. To demonstrate their impact, we model
and attack a state-of-the-art logic locking technique, Full-Lock. We show that
circuits previously unbreakable within 15 days of run time can be solved in
seconds. Consequently, in assessing the strength of any given locking, it is
imperative that these modeling techniques be considered. To remedy this
vulnerability in the considered locking technique, we demonstrate an extended
version, logic-enhanced Banyan locking, that is resistant to our proposed
modeling techniques.


  The purpose of this paper is to investigate shifted $(+1)$ Poisson structures
in context of differential geometry. The relevant notion is shifted $(+1)$
Poisson structures on differentiable stacks. More precisely, we develop the
notion of Morita equivalence of quasi-Poisson groupoids. Thus isomorphism
classes of $(+1)$ Poisson stack correspond to Morita equivalence classes of
quasi-Poisson groupoids. In the process, we carry out the following programs of
independent interests:
  (1) We introduce a $\mathbb Z$-graded Lie 2-algebra of polyvector fields on a
given Lie groupoid and prove that its homotopy equivalence class is invariant
under Morita equivalence of Lie groupoids, thus can be considered as polyvector
fields on the corresponding differentiable stack ${\mathfrak X}$. It turns out
that shifted $(+1)$ Poisson structures on ${\mathfrak X}$ correspond exactly to
elements of the Maurer-Cartan moduli set of the corresponding dgla.
  (2) We introduce the notion of tangent complex $T_{\mathfrak X}$ and
cotangent complex $L_{\mathfrak X}$ of a differentiable stack ${\mathfrak X}$
in terms of any Lie groupoid $\Gamma{\rightrightarrows} M$ representing
${\mathfrak X}$. They correspond to homotopy class of 2-term homotopy
$\Gamma$-modules $A[1]\rightarrow TM$ and $T^\vee M\rightarrow A^\vee[-1]$,
respectively. We prove that a $(+1)$-shifted Poisson structure on a
differentiable stack ${\mathfrak X}$, defines a morphism ${L_{{\mathfrak
X}}}[1]\to {T_{{\mathfrak X}}}$.


  Dense video captioning (DVC) aims to generate multi-sentence descriptions to
elucidate the multiple events in the video, which is challenging and demands
visual consistency, discoursal coherence, and linguistic diversity. Existing
methods mainly generate captions from individual video segments, lacking
adaptation to the global visual context and progressive alignment between the
fast-evolved visual content and textual descriptions, which results in
redundant and spliced descriptions. In this paper, we introduce the concept of
information flow to model the progressive information changing across video
sequence and captions. By designing a Cross-modal Information Flow Alignment
mechanism, the visual and textual information flows are captured and aligned,
which endows the captioning process with richer context and dynamics on
event/topic evolution. Based on the Cross-modal Information Flow Alignment
module, we further put forward DVCFlow framework, which consists of a
Global-local Visual Encoder to capture both global features and local features
for each video segment, and a pre-trained Caption Generator to produce
captions. Extensive experiments on the popular ActivityNet Captions and
YouCookII datasets demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms
competitive baselines, and generates more human-like text according to subject
and objective tests.


  A theory of Symplectic Manifold with Contact Degeneracies (SMCD) was
developed in [Zot'ev,2007]. The symplectic geometry employs an anti-symmetric
tensor (closed differential form) such as a field tensor used in the classical
field theory. The SMCD theory studies degeneracies of such form. In
[Zot'ev,2011] the SMCD theory was applied to study a front of an
electromagnetic pulsed field propagating into a region with no field. Here, the
result of [Zot'ev,2011] is compared with the problem solution obtained using
the well-known method presented in Whitham, G.B., Linear and nonlinear waves,
1974. It is shown that the SMCD theory prediction is not supported by the
result obtained with the Whitham method.


  We propose an approach to falsification of oscillation properties of
parametric biological models, based on the recently developed techniques for
testing continuous and hybrid systems. In this approach, an oscillation
property can be specified using a hybrid automaton, which is then used to guide
the exploration in the state and input spaces to search for the behaviors that
do not satisfy the property. We illustrate the approach with the Laub-Loomis
model for spontaneous oscillations during the aggregation stage of
Dictyostelium.


  The learning and deployment of long-LLMs remains a challenging problem
despite recent progresses. In this work, we argue that the long-LLMs are not a
necessity to solve long-context tasks, as common long-context tasks are
short-context solvable, i.e. they can be solved by purely working with oracle
short-contexts within the long-context tasks' inputs. On top of this argument,
we propose a framework called LC-Boost (Long-Context Bootstrapper), which
enables a short-LLM to address the long-context tasks in a bootstrapping
manner. In our framework, the short-LLM prompts itself to reason for two
critical decisions: 1) how to access to the appropriate part of context within
the input, 2) how to make effective use of the accessed context. By adaptively
accessing and utilizing the context based on the presented tasks, LC-Boost can
serve as a general framework to handle diversified long-context processing
problems. We comprehensively evaluate different types of tasks from popular
long-context benchmarks, where LC-Boost is able to achieve a substantially
improved performance with a much smaller consumption of resource.


  Structural and electronic properties of the all-Si analogue of graphene,
silicene have elucidated through DFT calculations. Silicene differs
considerably from graphene in being `chair-type' puckered in each 6-membered
ring which leads to ordered ripples across the surface. Binding energies
suggest stability for such rippled silicenes and are predicted to behave as a
finite gap semi-conductor with electron-hole symmetry quenched. Inter-layer
coupling between the silicenes is suggested as the mechanism for the formation
of the bulk-Si in its only known diamond form.


  We establish a general identity between the Mahler measures $m(Q_k(x,y))$ and
$m(P_k(x,y))$ of two polynomial families, where $Q_k(x,y)=0$ and $P_k(x,y)=0$
are generically hyperelliptic and elliptic curves, respectively.


  Strontium ruthenate Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ is an unconventional superconductor whose
pairing symmetry has not been fully clarified, despite more than two decades of
intensive research. Recent NMR Knight shift experiments have rekindled the
Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ pairing debate by giving strong evidence against all odd-parity
pairing states, including chiral $p$-wave pairing that was for a long time the
leading pairing candidate. Here, we exclude additional pairing states by
analyzing recent elastocaloric measurements [YS. Li et al., Nature 607,
276--280 (2022)]. To be able to explain the elastocaloric experiment, we find
that unconventional even-parity pairings must include either large $d_{x^2 -
y^2}$-wave or large $\{d_{xz} \mid d_{yz}\}$-wave admixtures, where the latter
possibility arises because of the body-centered point group symmetry. These
$\{d_{xz} \mid d_{yz}\}$-wave admixtures take the form of distinctively
body-centered-periodic harmonics that have horizontal line nodes. Hence
$g_{xy(x^2-y^2)}$-wave and $d_{xy}$-wave pairings are excluded as possible
dominant even pairing states.


  We propose Unbalanced GANs, which pre-trains the generator of the generative
adversarial network (GAN) using variational autoencoder (VAE). We guarantee the
stable training of the generator by preventing the faster convergence of the
discriminator at early epochs. Furthermore, we balance between the generator
and the discriminator at early epochs and thus maintain the stabilized training
of GANs. We apply Unbalanced GANs to well known public datasets and find that
Unbalanced GANs reduce mode collapses. We also show that Unbalanced GANs
outperform ordinary GANs in terms of stabilized learning, faster convergence
and better image quality at early epochs.


  The new experiment ``Extreme Energy Events'' (EEE) to detect extensive air
showers through muon detection is starting in Italy. The use of particle
detectors based on Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) will allow to
determine with a very high accuracy the direction of the axis of cosmic ray
showers initiated by primaries of ultra-high energy, together with a high
temporal resolution. The installation of many of such 'telescopes' in numerous
High Schools scattered all over the Italian territory will also allow to
investigate coincidences between multiple primaries producing distant showers.
Here we present the experimental apparatus and its tasks.


  Currently used model of spherical accretion onto a magnetized rotating
neutron star encounters major difficulties in explaining the entry rate of
accreting material into the stellar field and spin evolution of long-period
X-ray pulsars. These difficulties can be, however, avoided if the magnetic
field of the material captured by the neutron star is incorporated into the
model. The magnetic field of the flow itself under certain conditions controls
the accretion process and significantly affects the parameters of the accreting
material. The mode by which the accretion flow enters the stellar magnetosphere
in that case can be associated with Bohm (or turbulent) diffusion and the
torque applied to the neutron star appears to be substantially higher than that
evaluated in the non-magnetized accretion scenario.


  Making big purchases requires consumers to research or consult a salesperson
to gain domain expertise. However, existing conversational recommender systems
(CRS) often overlook users' lack of background knowledge, focusing solely on
gathering preferences. In this work, we define a new problem space for
conversational agents that aim to provide both product recommendations and
educational value through mixed-type mixed-initiative dialog. We introduce
SalesOps, a framework that facilitates the simulation and evaluation of such
systems by leveraging recent advancements in large language models (LLMs). We
build SalesBot and ShopperBot, a pair of LLM-powered agents that can simulate
either side of the framework. A comprehensive human study compares SalesBot
against professional salespeople, revealing that although SalesBot approaches
professional performance in terms of fluency and informativeness, it lags
behind in recommendation quality. We emphasize the distinct limitations both
face in providing truthful information, highlighting the challenges of ensuring
faithfulness in the CRS context. We release our code and make all data
available.


  The condensation of an electron superfluid from a conventional metallic state
at a critical temperature $T_c$ is described well by the BCS theory. In the
underdoped copper-oxides, high-temperature superconductivity condenses instead
from a nonconventional metallic "pseudogap" phase that exhibits a variety of
non-Fermi liquid properties. Recently, it has become clear that a charge
density wave (CDW) phase exists within the pseudogap regime, appearing at a
temperature $T_{CDW}$ just above $T_c$. The near coincidence of $T_c$ and
$T_{CDW}$, as well the coexistence and competition of CDW and superconducting
order below $T_c$, suggests that they are intimately related. Here we show that
the condensation of the superfluid from this unconventional precursor is
reflected in deviations from the predictions of BSC theory regarding the
recombination rate of quasiparticles. We report a detailed investigation of the
quasiparticle (QP) recombination lifetime, $\tau_{qp}$, as a function of
temperature and magnetic field in underdoped HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4+\delta}$
(Hg-1201) and YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6+x}$ (YBCO) single crystals by ultrafast
time-resolved reflectivity. We find that $\tau_{qp}(T)$ exhibits a local
maximum in a small temperature window near $T_c$ that is prominent in
underdoped samples with coexisting charge order and vanishes with application
of a small magnetic field. We explain this unusual, non-BCS behavior by
positing that $T_c$ marks a transition from phase-fluctuating SC/CDW composite
order above to a SC/CDW condensate below. Our results suggest that the
superfluid in underdoped cuprates is a condensate of coherently-mixed
particle-particle and particle-hole pairs.


  In this paper, an improved receiver based on diversity combining is proposed
to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of layered asymmetrically
clipped optical fast orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-FOFDM) for
intensity-modulated and direct-detected (IM/DD) optical transmission systems.
Layered ACO-FOFDM can compensate the weakness of traditional ACO-FOFDM in low
spectral efficiency, the utilization of discrete cosine transform in FOFDM
system instead of fast Fourier transform in OFDM system can reduce the
computational complexity without any influence on BER performance. The BER
performances of layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver based on
diversity combining and DC-offset FOFDM (DCO-FOFDM) system with optimal DC-bias
are compared at the same spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that
under different optical bit energy to noise power ratios, layered ACO-FOFDM
system with improved receiver has 2.86dB, 5.26dB and 5.72dB BER performance
advantages at forward error correction limit over DCO-FOFDM system when the
spectral efficiencies are 1 bit/s/Hz, 2 bits/s/Hz and 3 bits/s/Hz,
respectively. Layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver based on
diversity combining is suitable for application in the adaptive IM/DD systems
with zero DC-bias.


  The problem of topology change transitions in quantum gravity is discussed.
We argue that the contribution of the Giddings-Strominger wormhole to the
Euclidean path integral is pure imaginary. This is checked by two techniques:
by the functional integral approach and by the analysis of the Wheeler-De Witt
equation. We present also a simple quantum mechanical model which shares many
features of the system consisting of parent and baby universes. In this simple
model, we show that quantum coherence is completely lost and obtain the
equation for the effective density matrix of the ''parent universe''.


  If polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commonly known as Teflon, is put into
contact and rubbed against another material, almost surely it will be more
effective than its counterpart in collecting negative charges. This simple,
basic property is captured by the so called triboelectric series, where PTFE
ranks extremely high, and that qualitatively orders materials in terms of their
ability to electrostatically charge upon contact and rubbing. However, while
classifying materials, the series does not provide an explanation of their
triboelectric strength, besides a loose correlation with the workfunction.
Indeed, despite being an extremely familiar process, known from centuries,
tribocharging is still elusive and not fully understood. In this work we employ
density functional theory to look for the origin of PTFE tribocharging
strength. We study how charge transfers when pristine or defective PTFE is put
in contact with different clean and oxidised metals. Our results show the
important role played by defects in enhancing charge transfer. Interestingly
and unexpectedly our results show that negatively charged chains are more
stable than neutral ones, if slightly bent. Indeed deformations can be easily
promoted in polymers as PTFE, especially in tribological contacts. These
results suggest that, in designing materials in view of their triboelectric
properties, the characteristics of their defects could be a performance
determining factor.


  We consider the condensate of $q$-deformed bosons as a model of dark matter.
Our observations demonstrate that for all $q$ values, the system condenses
below a $q$-dependent critical temperature $T^{q}_c$. The critical temperature
interestingly tends to infinity when $q\rightarrow 0$, so that the $q$-
deformed boson gas is always in the condensed phase in this limit irrespective
to the temperature. We argue that this has remarkable outcomes, e.g. on the
entropy of the system, and also the fraction of the particles in the ground
state. Especially, by direct evaluation of the entropy of the system we reveal
that it tends to zero at this limit for all temperatures, and also the fraction
of particles in the ground state becomes unity. These observations prove the
consistency of the model, put it in the list of appropriate candidates for the
dark matter. Also, the lower and upper bounds of mass are evaluated using the
phase space density and observational data for $q$ deformed Bose-Einstein
condensate ($q$-BEC) model.


  We use fluctuating hydrodynamics to analyze the dynamical properties in the
non-equilibrium steady state of a diffusive system coupled with reservoirs. We
derive the two-time correlations of the density and of the current in the
hydrodynamic limit in terms of the diffusivity and the mobility. Within this
hydrodynamic framework we discuss a generalization of the fluctuation
dissipation relation in a non-equilibrium steady state where the response
function is expressed in terms of the two-time correlations. We compare our
results to an exact solution of the symmetric exclusion process. This exact
solution also allows one to directly verify the fluctuating hydrodynamics
equation.


  In this paper, we establish uniform a priori estimates for positive solutions
to the (higher) critical order superlinear Lane-Emden system in bounded domains
with Navier boundary conditions in arbitrary dimensions $n\geq3$. First, we
prove the monotonicity of solutions for odd order (higher order fractional
system) and even order system (integer order system) respectively along the
inward normal direction near the boundary by the method of moving planes in
local ways. Then we derive uniform a priori estimates by establishing the
precise relationships between the maxima of $u$, $v$, $-\Delta u$ and $-\Delta
v$ through Harnack inequality. Our results extended the uniform a priori
estimates for critical order problems in [18, 19] from $n=2$ to higher
dimensions $n\geq3$ and in [6, 8] from one single equation to system. With such
a priori estimates, one will be able to obtain the existence of solutions via
topological degree theory or continuation argument.