  Subsingular vectors of the N=2 superconformal algebras were discovered, and
examples given, in 1996. Shortly afterwards Semikhatov and Tipunin claimed to
have obtained a complete classification of the N=2 subsingular vectors in the
paper `The Structure of Verma Modules over the N=2 Superconformal algebra',
hep-th/9704111, published in CMP 195 (1998) 129. Surprisingly, the only
explicit examples of N=2 subsingular vectors known at that time did not fit
into their classification. All the results presented in that paper, including
the classification of subsingular vectors, were based on the following
assumptions: i) The authors claimed that there are only two different types of
submodules in N=2 Verma modules, overlooking from the very beginning
indecomposable `no-label' singular vectors, that had been discovered a few
months before, and clearly do not fit into their two types of submodules, and
ii) The authors claimed to have constructed `non-conventional' singular vectors
with the property of generating the two types of submodules maximally, i.e.
with no subsingular vectors left outside. In this note we prove that both
assumptions are incorrect. These facts also affect profoundly the results
presented in several other publications, especially the papers: `On the
Equivalence of Affine sl(2) and N=2 ....', by Semikhatov, hep-th/9702074,
`Embedding Diagrams of N=2 Verma Modules ....', by Semikhatov and Sirota,
hep-th/9712102, and `All Singular Vectors of the N=2 ....', by Semikhatov and
Tipunin, hep-th/9604176 (last revised version in September 98).


  We present a systematic survey of possible short-distance new-physics effects
in (semi)leptonic charged- and neutral-current charmed meson decays. Using the
Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) to analyze the most relevant
experimental data at low and high energies, we demonstrate a striking
complementarity between charm decays and high invariant mass lepton tails at
the LHC. Interestingly enough, high-$p_T$ Drell-Yan data offer competitive
constraints on most new physics scenarios. Furthermore, the full set of
correlated constraints from $K$, $\pi$ and $\tau$ decays imposed by $SU(2)_L$
gauge invariance is considered. The bounds from $D_{(s)}$ decays, high-$p_T$
lepton tails and $SU(2)_L$ relations chart the space of the SMEFT affecting
semi(leptonic) charm flavor transitions.


  In this paper, we describe our participation in the subtask 1 of CASE-2022,
Event Causality Identification with Casual News Corpus. We address the Causal
Relation Identification (CRI) task by exploiting a set of simple yet
complementary techniques for fine-tuning language models (LMs) on a small
number of annotated examples (i.e., a few-shot configuration). We follow a
prompt-based prediction approach for fine-tuning LMs in which the CRI task is
treated as a masked language modeling problem (MLM). This approach allows LMs
natively pre-trained on MLM problems to directly generate textual responses to
CRI-specific prompts. We compare the performance of this method against
ensemble techniques trained on the entire dataset. Our best-performing
submission was fine-tuned with only 256 instances per class, 15.7% of the all
available data, and yet obtained the second-best precision (0.82), third-best
accuracy (0.82), and an F1-score (0.85) very close to what was reported by the
winner team (0.86).


  We present a simple proof that the imaginary part of the world-line path
integral which computes the rate of Schwinger pair production of charged
particles in a constant electric field, is given exactly by the semiclassical
WKB limit.


  In this position paper (1) we discuss two particular aspects of Systems of
Systems, i.e., variability and evolution. (2) We argue that concepts from
Product Line Engineering and Software Evolution are relevant to Systems of
Systems Engineering. (3) Conversely, concepts from Systems of Systems
Engineering can be helpful in Product Line Engineering and Software Evolution.
Hence, we argue that an exchange of concepts between the disciplines would be
beneficial.


  The super point, a host which communicates with lots of others, is a kind of
special hosts gotten great focus. Mining super point at the edge of a network
is the foundation of many network research fields. In this paper, we proposed
the most memory efficient super points detection scheme. This scheme contains a
super points reconstruction algorithm called short estimator and a super points
filter algorithm called long estimator. Short estimator gives a super points
candidate list using thousands of bytes memory and long estimator improves the
accuracy of detection result using millions of bytes memory. Combining short
estimator and long estimator, our scheme acquires the highest accuracy using
the smallest memory than other algorithms. There is no data conflict and
floating operation in our scheme. This ensures that our scheme is suitable for
parallel running and we deploy our scheme on a common GPU to accelerate
processing speed. We also describe how to extend our algorithm to sliding time.
Experiments on several real-world core network traffics show that our algorithm
acquires the highest accuracy with only consuming littler than one-fifth memory
of other algorithms.


  The impact of a liquid drop on a solid surface involves many intertwined
physical effects, and is influenced by drop velocity, surface tension, ambient
pressure and liquid viscosity, among others. Experiments by Kolinski et al.
(2014b) show that the liquid-air interface begins to deviate away from the
solid surface even before contact. They found that the lift-off of the
interface starts at a critical time that scales with the square root of the
kinematic viscosity of the liquid. To understand this, we study the approach of
a liquid drop towards a solid surface in the presence of an intervening gas
layer. We take a numerical approach to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for
the liquid, coupled to the compressible lubrication equations for the gas, in
two dimensions. With this approach, we recover the experimentally captured
early time effect of liquid viscosity on the drop impact, but our results show
that lift-off time and liquid kinematic viscosity have a more complex
dependence than the square root scaling relationship. We also predict the
effect of interfacial tension at the liquid-gas interface on the drop impact,
showing that it mediates the lift-off behavior.


  We present a new property of the trigonometric system arranged in a natural
order. It is shown that the sequence of subspaces of trigonometric polynomials
is optimal in the sense of order of convergence on convolution classes K*Up in
Lq for any 1<p,q<\infty just in the cases of "very slow" or "very fast" rate of
decay of Fourier coefficients of K.


  We study the greedy-based online algorithm for edge-weighted matching with
(one-sided) vertex arrivals in bipartite graphs, and edge arrivals in general
graphs. This algorithm was first studied more than a decade ago by Korula and
P\'al for the bipartite case in the random-order model. While the weighted
bipartite matching problem is solved in the random-order model, this is not the
case in recent and exciting online models in which the online player is
provided with a sample, and the arrival order is adversarial. The greedy-based
algorithm is arguably the most natural and practical algorithm to be applied in
these models. Despite its simplicity and appeal, and despite being studied in
multiple works, the greedy-based algorithm was not fully understood in any of
the studied online models, and its actual performance remained an open question
for more than a decade.
  We provide a thorough analysis of the greedy-based algorithm in several
online models. For vertex arrivals in bipartite graphs, we characterize the
exact competitive-ratio of this algorithm in the random-order model, for any
arrival order of the vertices subsequent to the sampling phase (adversarial and
random orders in particular). We use it to derive tight analysis in the recent
adversarial-order model with a sample (AOS model) for any sample size,
providing the first result in this model beyond the simple secretary problem.
Then, we generalize and strengthen the black box method of converting results
in the random-order model to single-sample prophet inequalities, and use it to
derive the state-of-the-art single-sample prophet inequality for the problem.
Finally, we use our new techniques to analyze the greedy-based algorithm for
edge arrivals in general graphs and derive results in all the mentioned online
models. In this case as well, we improve upon the state-of-the-art
single-sample prophet inequality.


  Extended scalar and fermion sectors offer new opportunities for generating
the observed strong hierarchies in the fermion mass and mixing patterns of the
Standard Model (SM). In this work, we elaborate on the prospects of a
particular extension of the Inert Higgs doublet model where the SM hierarchies
are generated sequentially by radiative virtual corrections in a fully
renormalisable way, i.e. without adding any non-renormalisable Yukawa terms or
soft-breaking operators to the scalar potential. Our model has a potential to
explain the recently observed $R_{K}$ and $R_{K^{\ast }}$ anomalies, thanks to
the non universal $U_{1X}$ assignments of the fermionic fields that yield non
universal $Z^{\prime}$ couplings to fermions. We explicitly demonstrate the
power of this model for generating the realistic quark, lepton and neutrino
mass spectra. In particular, we show that due to the presence of both
continuous and discrete family symmetries in the considered framework, the top
quark acquires a tree-level mass, lighter quarks and leptons get their masses
at one- and two-loop order, while neutrino masses are generated at three-loop
level. The minimal field content, particle spectra and scalar potential of this
model are discussed in detail.


  In this paper we present a consolidated equation for all low-field transport
coefficients, based on a reservoir approach developed for non-interacting
quasiparticles. This formalism allows us to treat the two distinct types of
charged (fermionic and bosonic) quasiparticles that can be simultaneously
present, as for example in superconductors. Indeed, in the underdoped cuprate
superconductors these two types of carriers result in two onset temperatures
with distinct features in transport: $T^*$, where the fermions first experience
an excitation (pseudo)gap, and $T_c$, where bosonic conduction processes are
dominant and often divergent. This provides the central goal of this paper,
which is to address the challenges in thermoelectric transport that stem from
having two characteristic temperatures as well as two types of charge carriers
whose contributions can in some instances enhance each other and in others
compete. We show how essential features of the cuprates (their bad-metal
character and the presence of Fermi arcs) provide an explanation for the
classic pseudogap onset signatures at $T^*$ in the longitudinal resistivity,
$\rho_{xx}$. Based on the fits to the temperature-dependent $\rho_{xx}$, we
present the implications for all of the other thermoelectric transport
properties.


  Coronal rain clumps and prominence knots are dense condensations with
chromospheric to transition region temperatures that fall down in the much
hotter corona. Their typical speeds are in the range 30--150~km~s$^{-1}$ and of
the order of 10--30~km~s$^{-1}$, respectively, i.e., they are considerably
smaller than free fall velocities. These cold blobs contain a mixture of
ionized and neutral material that must be dynamically coupled in order to fall
together, as observed. We investigate this coupling by means of hydrodynamic
simulations in which the coupling arises from the friction between ions and
neutrals. The numerical simulations presented here are an extension of those of
\citet{oliver2014} to the partially ionized case. We find that, although the
relative drift speed between the two species is smaller than 1~m~s$^{-1}$ at
the blob center, it is sufficient to produce the forces required to strongly
couple charged particles and neutrals. The ionization degree has no discernible
effect on the main results of our previous work for a fully ionized plasma: the
condensation has an initial acceleration phase followed by a period with
roughly constant velocity and, in addition, the maximum descending speed is
clearly correlated with the ratio of initial blob to environment density.


  Serving as the progenitors of electromagnetic and gravitational wave
transients, massive stars have received renewed interest in recent years.
However, many aspects of their birth and evolution remain opaque, particularly
in the context of binary interactions. The centre of our galaxy hosts a rich
cohort of very massive stars, which appear to play a prominent role in the
ecology of the region. In this paper we investigate the binary properties of
the Arches cluster, which is thought to host a large number of very massive
stars. A combination of multi-epoch near-IR spectroscopy and photometry was
utilised to identify binaries. 13 from 36 cluster members meet our criteria to
be classed as RV variable. Combining the spectroscopic data with archival radio
and X-ray observations - to detect colliding wind systems - provides a lower
limit to the binary fraction of ~43%; increasing to >50% for the O-type
hypergiants and WNLha. Dynamical and evolutionary masses reveal the primaries
to be uniformly massive (>50M$_{\odot}$). Where available, orbital analysis
reveals a number of short period, highly eccentric binaries, which appear to be
pre-interaction systems. Such systems are X-ray luminous, with 80% above an
empirical bound of $(L_{\rm x}/L_{\rm bol})\sim10^{-7}$ and their orbital
configurations suggest formation and evolution via a single star channel;
however, we cannot exclude a binary formation channel for a subset. Qualitative
comparison to surveys of lower mass OB-type stars confirms that the trend to an
extreme binary fraction (>60%) extends to the most massive stars currently
forming in the local Universe.


  We study the evolution of the magnetic phase diagram of Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$Ge
alloys with concentration $x$ ($0 \leq x \leq 0.3$) by small-angle neutron
scattering. We unambiguously observe the absence of a skyrmion lattice (or
A-phase) in bulk MnGe and its onset under a small Mn/Fe substitution. The
A-phase is there endowed with an exceptional skyrmion density, and is
stabilized within a very large temperature region and a field range which
scales with the Fe concentration. Our findings highlight the possibility to
fine-tune properties of skyrmion lattices by means of chemical doping.


  We study dispersions of Fermi arcs in the Weyl semimetal phase by
constructing a simple effective model. We calculate how the surface Fermi-arc
dispersions for the top- and bottom surfaces merge into the bulk Dirac cones in
the Weyl semimetal at both ends of the arcs, and show that they have opposite
velocities. This result is also confirmed by a calculation using a
tight-binding model. Furthermore, by changing a parameter in the system while
preserving time-reversal symmetry, we show that two Fermi arcs evolve into a
surface Dirac cone when the system transits from the Weyl semimetal to the
topological insulator phase. We also demonstrate that choices of surface
terminations affect the pairing of Weyl nodes, from which the Fermi arcs are
formed.


  A detailed comparison of HI and CO line cube data of the Galactic Center (GC)
region from the archives is obtained. The central molecular zone (CMZ) is shown
to be embedded in the HI disc (central HI zone, CHZ) of radius $\sim 320$ pc
and vertical scale height $\sim 70$ pc. A radio continuum belt is shown to run
parallel to molecular Arms I and II. The belt draws a double-infinity shape on
the sky, connecting Sgr E ($l\sim -1^\circ.2)$, C, B1, B2 and Sgr D
($+1^\circ.2$), and is interpreted as a warping star-forming ring. The
molecular Arms are closely associated with the HI arms on the
longitude-velocity diagram (LVD), showing coherent rigid-body ridges. Due to
the close relationship between HI and CO, the HI line absorption can be used to
determine the Arms' position relative to Sgr A, B1, B2 and C.Combining the
trigonometric data of proper motions of Sgr A$^*$ and maser sources of Sgr B2
as well as radial velocities, the 3D velocity vector of Sgr B2 is determined.
From these analyses, the molecular Arm I with Sgr B2 is shown to be located in
the near side of Sgr A$^*$, and Arm II with Sgr C in the other side, both
composing a pair of symmetrical Arms around the GC. We present a possible 3D
view of Sgr A through E and Arms I and II along with a parameter list.


  A coordinate-free formulation of first order effective field theory, in which
Nambu-Goldstone fields are described as sections on associated bundle, is
presented. This construction, which is based only on symmetry considerations,
allows for a direct derivation of number and types of Nambu-Goldstone fields in
a classical field theory without any reference to effective Lagrangian. A
central role in classification is shown to be played by Lorentz-symmetry
breaking order parameter which induces symplectic structure in the field space
of the theory.


  This comment points out a serious flaw in the article "Gouri\'eroux, Monfort,
Renne (2019): Identification and Estimation in Non-Fundamental Structural VARMA
Models" with regard to mirroring complex-valued roots with Blaschke polynomial
matrices. Moreover, the (non-) feasibility of the proposed method (if the
handling of Blaschke transformation were not prohibitive) for cross-sectional
dimensions greater than two and vector moving average (VMA) polynomial matrices
of degree greater than one is discussed.


  We demonstrate strong exciton-plasmon coupling in silver nanodisk arrays
integrated with monolayer MoS2 via angle-resolved reflectance microscopy
spectra of the coupled system. Strong exciton-plasmon coupling is observed with
the exciton-plasmon coupling strength up to 58 meV at 77 K, which also survives
at room temperature. The strong coupling involves three types of resonances:
MoS2 excitons, localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of individual
silver nanodisks and plasmonic lattice resonances of the nanodisk array. We
show that the exciton-plasmon coupling strength, polariton composition and
dispersion can be effectively engineered by tuning the geometry of the
plasmonic lattice, which makes the system promising for realizing novel
two-dimensional plasmonic polaritonic devices.


  We generalize Coincidence theorem due to Walsh for symmetric and linear
polynomial in n complex variables, that is linear in each of them having total
degre n. We discuss case when total degree is smaller then n. This case has
been already studied by some authors. We obtained extension of known results
that led us also to more elegant formulation of the theorem. Using that
extension we discuss number of zeros of a k-th derivative of a complex
polynomial, in the case when all zeros of that polynomial (except possibly one
of them) are contained in a disc which center is a centroid of that zeros. In
one of our previous papers we discussed case of a first derivative of a
polynomial, so we now extended our results to the case of the k-th derivative.


  It is discussed a recently proposed connection among U(1)$_{\rm em}$
electromagnetic gauge invariance and the nature of the neutrino mass terms in
the framework of $\mbox {SU(3)}_C\otimes G_W \otimes {\mbox U(1)}_N$, $G_W$ =
SU(3)$_L$, extensions of the Standard Model. The impossibility of that
connection, also in the extended case $G_W $ = SU(4)$_L$, is demonstrated.


  In this work, we investigate the sensitivity of the microstructure and
mechanical properties of an ultrafast heat treated low carbon-steel to the peak
temperature. In all studied cases, the steel was heated within the
intercritical temperature range (i.e. between the AC1 and AC3 temperatures).
Both the peak temperature and soaking time were varied, and their effect on the
size, the fraction of individual microstructural constituents and their tensile
mechanical response were investigated. It is shown that the increasing peak
temperature and soaking time promote austenite formation and recrystallization
processes in the ferritic matrix. The highest nanohardness is shown by
martensitic grains, while recovered ferrite demonstrated slightly higher
nanohardness compared to recrystallized ferrite. The applied heat treatment
parameters have strong effect on the nanohardness of martensite, whereas
nanohardness of ferrite microconstituents is not sensitive to variation of the
peak temperature and soaking time. The non-recrystallized ferrite is harder
than its recrystallized counterpart due to the higher dislocation density of
the former. Increasing peak temperatures promote strengthening in the material
at the expense of its ductility mainly due to increased martensite fraction.
The steel demonstrates enhanced strain hardening ability independently of the
peak temperature. Analysis of the experimental results showed that the
industrial processing window of +- 10 oC may lead to some heterogeneity of the
local microstructure in the ultrafast heat treated sheets. However, the latter
should not have any negative effect on the overall mechanical behavior of the
ultrafast heat treated steel sheets on the macro-scale.


  We summarize the analysis of high-pT jets in early pp collisions recorded
with the ATLAS detector. Two searches for new physics are presented: One for
dijet resonances, and one for quark contact interactions. The first search sets
the most stringent current limit on the mass of a hypothetical excited quark.


  We first provide an explicit combinatorial description of the
Auslander-Reiten quiver $\Gamma^Q$ of finite type $D$. Then we can investigate
the categories of finite dimensional representations over the quantum affine
algebra $U_q'(D^{(i)}_{n+1})$ $(i=1,2)$ and the quiver Hecke algebra
$R_{D_{n+1}}$ associated to $D_{n+1}$ $(n \ge 3)$, by using the combinatorial
description and the generalized quantum affine Schur-Weyl duality functor. As
applications, we can prove that Dorey's rule holds for the category
$\Rep(R_{D_{n+1}})$ and prove an interesting difference between multiplicity
free positive roots and multiplicity non-free positive roots.


  All existing quantum cryptosystems use non-orthogonal states as the carriers
of information. Non-orthogonal states cannot be cloned (duplicated) by an
eavesdropper. In result, any eavesdropping attempt must introduce errors in the
transmission, and therefore, can be detected by the legal users of the
communication channel. Orthogonal states are not used in quantum cryptography,
since they can be faithfully cloned without altering the transmitted data. In
this Letter we present a cryptographic scheme based on orthogonal states, which
also assures the detection of any eavesdropper.


  In the study of CP violation within and beyond the Standard Model of particle
physics, pure hadronic B decays are the key players. Improving the
determination of the CKM angle $\gamma$ is one of the important tasks in this
endeavour. Besides, the full description of pure hadronic decays due to their
strong interaction dynamics remains one of the challenges. In this summary, we
discuss the recent results and progress on $\gamma$ determinations and direct
CP violation in pure hadronic B decays as presented at CKM 2018.


  Geometric phases that characterize the topological properties of Bloch bands
play a fundamental role in the modern band theory of solids. Here we report on
the direct measurement of the geometric phase acquired by cold atoms moving in
one-dimensional optical lattices. Using a combination of Bloch oscillations and
Ramsey interferometry, we extract the Zak phase - the Berry phase acquired
during an adiabatic motion of a particle across the Brillouin zone - which can
be viewed as an invariant characterizing the topological properties of the
band. For a dimerized optical lattice, which models polyacetylene, we measure a
difference of the Zak phase equal to phi_Zak=0.97(2)pi for the two possible
polyacetylene phases with different dimerization. This indicates that the two
dimerized phases belong to different topological classes, such that for a
filled band, domain walls have fractional quantum numbers. Our work establishes
a new general approach for probing the topological structure of Bloch bands in
optical lattices.


  (abridged) A 0.2-12 keV spectrum obtained with the XMM EPIC/pn instrument of
GRB 011211 was found by Reeves et al. (2002) to contain emission lines which
were interpreted to be from Mg XI, Si XIV, S XVI, Ar XVIII, and Ca XX, at a
lower redshift (z_{obs}=1.88) than the host galaxy (z_{host}=2.14). We examine
the spectrum independently, and find that the claimed lines would not be
discovered in a blind search. Specifically, Monte Carlo simulations show that
they would be observed in 10% of featureless spectra with the same
signal-to-noise. Imposing a model in which the two brightest lines would be Si
XIV and S XVI K-alpha emission possibly velocity shifted to between
z=1.88--2.40, such features would be found in between ~1.2-2.6% of observed
featureless spectra. We find the detection significances to be insufficient to
justify the claim of detection and the model put forth to explain them. K-alpha
line complexes are also found at z=1.2 and z=2.75 of significance equal to or
greater than that at z=1.88. If one adopts the z=1.88 complex as significant,
one must also adopt the other two complexes to be significant. The
interpretation of these data in the context of the model proposed by Reeves et
al. is therefore degenerate, and cannot be resolved by these data alone.


  The implementation of the algebraic Bethe ansatz for the XXZ Heisenberg spin
chain, of arbitrary spin-$s$, in the case, when both reflection matrices have
the upper-triangular form is analyzed. The general form of the Bethe vectors is
studied. In the particular form, Bethe vectors admit the recurrent procedure,
with an appropriate modification, used previously in the case of the XXX
Heisenberg chain. As expected, these Bethe vectors yield the strikingly simple
expression for the off-shell action of the transfer matrix of the chain as well
as the spectrum of the transfer matrix and the corresponding Bethe equations.
As in the XXX case, the so-called quasi-classical limit gives the off-shell
action of the generating function of the corresponding trigonometric Gaudin
Hamiltonians with boundary terms.


  Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is an NLP task that entails processing
user-generated reviews to determine (i) the target being evaluated, (ii) the
aspect category to which it belongs, and (iii) the sentiment expressed towards
the target and aspect pair. In this article, we propose transforming ABSA into
an abstract summary-like conditional text generation task that uses targets,
aspects, and polarities to generate auxiliary statements. To demonstrate the
efficacy of our task formulation and a proposed system, we fine-tune a
pre-trained model for conditional text generation tasks to get new
state-of-the-art results on a few restaurant domains and urban neighborhoods
domain benchmark datasets.


  There is an ``algebraisation'' of the notion of weak factorisation system
(w.f.s.) known as a natural weak factorisation system. In it, the two classes
of maps of a w.f.s. are replaced by two categories of maps-with-structure,
where the extra structure on a map now encodes a choice of liftings with
respect to the other class. This extra structure has pleasant consequences: for
example, a natural w.f.s. on C induces a canonical natural w.f.s. structure on
any functor category [A, C].
  In this paper, we define cofibrantly generated natural weak factorisation
systems by analogy with cofibrantly generated w.f.s.'s. We then construct them
by a method which is reminiscent of Quillen's small object argument but
produces factorisations which are much smaller and easier to handle, and show
that the resultant natural w.f.s. is, in a suitable sense, freely generated by
its generating cofibrations. Finally, we show that the two categories of
maps-with-structure for a natural w.f.s. are closed under all the constructions
we would expect of them: (co)limits, pushouts / pullbacks, transfinite
composition, and so on.


  Long-tail and rare event problems become crucial when autonomous driving
algorithms are applied in the real world. For the purpose of evaluating systems
in challenging settings, we propose a generative framework to create
safety-critical scenarios for evaluating specific task algorithms. We first
represent the traffic scenarios with a series of autoregressive building blocks
and generate diverse scenarios by sampling from the joint distribution of these
blocks. We then train the generative model as an agent (or a generator) to
investigate the risky distribution parameters for a given driving algorithm
being evaluated. We regard the task algorithm as an environment (or a
discriminator) that returns a reward to the agent when a risky scenario is
generated. Through the experiments conducted on several scenarios in the
simulation, we demonstrate that the proposed framework generates
safety-critical scenarios more efficiently than grid search or human design
methods. Another advantage of this method is its adaptiveness to the routes and
parameters.


  Chiral anomaly of Weyl magnons (WMs), featured by nontrivial band crossings
at paired Weyl nodes (WNs) of opposite chirality, is investigated. It is shown
that WMs can be realized in stacked honeycomb ferromagnets. Using the
Aharonov-Casher effect that is about the interaction between magnetic moments
and electric fields, the magnon motion in honeycomb layers can be quantized
into magnonic Landau levels (MLLs). The zeroth MLL is chiral so that
unidirectional WMs propagate in the perpendicular (to the layer) direction for
a given WN under a magnetic field gradient from one WN to the other and change
their chiralities, resulting in the magnonic chiral anomaly (MCA). A net magnon
current carrying spin and heat through the zeroth MLL depends linearly on the
magnetic field gradient and the electric field gradient in the ballistic
transport.


  We prove that the derived category of a Grothendieck abelian category has a
unique dg enhancement. Under some additional assumptions, we show that the same
result holds true for its subcategory of compact objects. As a consequence, we
deduce that the unbounded derived category of quasi-coherent sheaves on an
algebraic stack and the category of perfect complexes on a noetherian
concentrated algebraic stack with quasi-finite affine diagonal and enough
perfect coherent sheaves have a unique dg enhancement. In particular, the
category of perfect complexes on a noetherian scheme with enough locally free
sheaves has a unique dg enhancement.


  The Riemann problem of one dimensional shallow water equations with
discontinuous topography has been constructed recently. The elementary waves
include shock waves, rarefaction waves, and the stationary wave. The stationary
wave appears when the water depth changes, especially when there exists a
bottom step. In this paper, we are mainly concerned with the interaction
between a stationary wave with either a shock wave or a rarefaction wave. By
using the characteristic analysis methods, the evolution of waves is described
during the interaction process. The solution in large time scale is also
presented in each case. The results may contribute to research on more
complicated wave interaction problems.


  Recently the possibility of achieving one-way backscatter immune
transportation of light by mimicking the topological order present within
certain solid state systems, such as topological insulators, has received much
attention. Thus far however, demonstrations of non-trivial topology in
photonics have relied on photonic crystals with precisely engineered lattice
structures, periodic on the scale of the operational wavelength and composed of
finely tuned, complex materials. Here we propose a novel effective medium
approach towards achieving topologically protected photonic surface states
robust against disorder on all length scales and for a wide range of material
parameters. Remarkably, the non-trivial topology of our metamaterial design
results from the Berry curvature arising from the transversality of
electromagnetic waves in a homogeneous medium. Our investigation therefore acts
to bridge the gap between the advancing field of topological band theory and
classical optical phenomena such as the Spin Hall effect of light. The
effective medium route to topological phases will pave the way for highly
compact one-way transportation of electromagnetic waves in integrated photonic
circuits.


  In various industrial contexts, estimating the distribution of unobserved
random vectors Xi from some noisy indirect observations H(Xi) + Ui is required.
If the relation between Xi and the quantity H(Xi), measured with the error Ui,
is implemented by a CPU-consuming computer model H, a major practical
difficulty is to perform the statistical inference with a relatively small
number of runs of H. Following Fu et al. (2014), a Bayesian statistical
framework is considered to make use of possible prior knowledge on the
parameters of the distribution of the Xi, which is assumed Gaussian. Moreover,
a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is carried out to estimate their
posterior distribution by replacing H by a kriging metamodel build from a
limited number of simulated experiments. Two heuristics, involving two
different criteria to be optimized, are proposed to sequentially design these
computer experiments in the limits of a given computational budget. The first
criterion is a Weighted Integrated Mean Square Error (WIMSE). The second one,
called Expected Conditional Divergence (ECD), developed in the spirit of the
Stepwise Uncertainty Reduction (SUR) criterion, is based on the discrepancy
between two consecutive approximations of the target posterior distribution.
Several numerical comparisons conducted over a toy example then a motivating
real case-study show that such adaptive designs can significantly outperform
the classical choice of a maximin Latin Hypercube Design (LHD) of experiments.
Dealing with a major concern in hydraulic engineering, a particular emphasis is
placed upon the prior elicitation of the case-study, highlighting the overall
feasibility of the methodology. Faster convergences and manageability
considerations lead to recommend the use of the ECD criterion in practical
applications.


  We use SCUBA 850 micron and CO observations to analyze the surroundings of
three Galactic ring-like HII regions, KR 7, KR 81, and KR 120 (Sh 2-124, Sh
2-165 and Sh 2-187), with the aim of finding sites of triggered star formation.
We find one prominent submillimeter (sub-mm) source for each region, located at
the interface between the HII region and its neutral surroundings. Using Two
Micron All Sky Survey photometry, we find that the prominent sub-mm source for
KR 120 probably contains an embedded cluster of young stellar objects (YSOs),
making it a likely site for triggered star formation. The KR 7 sub-mm source
could possibly contain embedded YSOs, while the KR 81 sub-mm source likely does
not. The mass column densities for these dominant sub-mm sources fall in the
~0.1-0.6 g cm^{-2} range. The mass of the cold, dense material (clumps) seen as
the three dominant sub-mm sources fall around ~100 Solar masses. We use the
SCUBA Legacy catalog to characterize the populations of sub-mm sources around
the HII regions, and compare them to the sources found around a previously
studied similar ring-like HII region (KR 140) and near a massive star-forming
region (W3). Finally, we estimate the IR luminosities of the prominent newly
detected sub-mm sources and find that they are correlated with the clump mass,
consistent with a previously known luminosity-mass relationship which this
study shows to be valid over four orders of magnitude in mass.


  We investigate the problem of mapping, through the Morita equivalence, odd
dimensional noncommutative lattice gauge theories onto suitable matrix models.
We specialize our analysis to noncommutative three dimensional QED (NCQED) and
scalar QED (NCSQED), for which we explicitly build the corresponding Matrix
Model.


  In this paper, we give a spectral approximation result for the Laplacian on
submanifolds of Euclidean spaces with singularities by the
$\epsilon$-neighborhood graph constructed from random points on the
submanifold. Our convergence rate for the eigenvalue of the Laplacian is
$O\left(\left(\log n/n\right)^{1/(m+2)}\right)$, where $m$ and $n$ denote the
dimension of the manifold and the sample size, respectively.


  Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are popularly used for implementing autonomy
related tasks in automotive Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). However, these
networks have been shown to make erroneous predictions to anomalous inputs,
which manifests either due to Out-of-Distribution (OOD) data or adversarial
attacks. To detect these anomalies, a separate DNN called assurance monitor is
often trained and used in parallel to the controller DNN, increasing the
resource burden and latency. We hypothesize that a single network that can
perform controller predictions and anomaly detection is necessary to reduce the
resource requirements. Deep-Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks provide a
rejection class alongside the class predictions, which can be utilized for
detecting anomalies at runtime. However, the use of RBF activation functions
limits the applicability of these networks to only classification tasks. In
this paper, we show how the deep-RBF network can be used for detecting
anomalies in CPS regression tasks such as continuous steering predictions.
Further, we design deep-RBF networks using popular DNNs such as NVIDIA DAVE-II,
and ResNet20, and then use the resulting rejection class for detecting
adversarial attacks such as a physical attack and data poison attack. Finally,
we evaluate these attacks and the trained deep-RBF networks using a hardware
CPS testbed called DeepNNCar and a real-world German Traffic Sign Benchmark
(GTSB) dataset. Our results show that the deep-RBF networks can robustly detect
these attacks in a short time without additional resource requirements.


  Recent perturbative self-force computations (Shah, Friedman & Whiting,
submitted to Phys. Rev. {\bf D}, arXiv:1312.1952 [gr-qc]), both numerical and
analytical, have determined that half-integral post-Newtonian terms arise in
the conservative dynamics of black-hole binaries moving on exactly circular
orbits. We look at the possible origin of these terms within the post-Newtonian
approximation, find that they essentially originate from non-linear
"tail-of-tail" integrals and show that, as demonstrated in the previous paper,
their first occurrence is at the 5.5PN order. The post-Newtonian method we use
is based on a multipolar-post-Minkowskian treatment of the field outside a
general matter source, which is re-expanded in the near zone and extended
inside the source thanks to a matching argument. Applying the formula obtained
for generic sources to compact binaries, we obtain the redshift factor of
circular black hole binaries (without spins) at 5.5PN order in the extreme mass
ratio limit. Our result fully agrees with the determination of the 5.5PN
coefficient by means of perturbative self-force computations reported in the
previously cited paper.


  We measure the displacement response of a frictional multicontact interface
between identical polymer glasses to a biased shear force oscillation. We
evidence the existence, for maximum forces close below the nominal static
threshold, of a jamming creep regime governed by an ageing-rejuvenation
competition acting within the micrometer-sized contacting asperities.
Quantitative analysis of the creep curves suggests that another such mechanism
might be at work within the nanometer-thick adhesive junctions.


  In this talk we review some results concerning a mechanism for reducing the
moduli space of a topological field theory to a proper submanifold of the
ordinary moduli space. Such mechanism is explicitly realized in the example of
constrained topological gravity, obtained by topologically twisting the N=2
Liouville theory.


  High harmonic generation (HHG) is a manifestation of the strongly nonlinear
response of matter to intense laser fields and has, as the basis for coherent
XUV sources a variety of applications. Recently, HHG from atoms in a phase and
polarization structured laser was demonstrated and interpreted based on the
transverse electric field component of the driving pulse. Here we point out
that as dictated by Maxwell equations, such fields have a longitudinal
component which in general has a fundamental influence on the charge dynamics.
For instance, its interplay with the transversal field component enables
endowing the emitted radiation locally with circular polarization and a defined
polarity. It is shown that the time-dependent Stokes parameters defining the
polarization state of HHG can be tuned by varying the waist of the driving
field which in turn, changes the ratio between the longitudinal and transverse
electric-field components of the driving laser. In addition, employing a
multipole expansion of the produced harmonics exposes the specific multipolar
character and the relation to the spatial structure of the driving field
polarization states. The scheme proposed here allows a full polarization
control of the emitted harmonics by only one driving laser. A tighter focusing
of the driving pulse renders possible the emission of harmonics with both even
and odd spatial symmetry. The underlying mechanism is due to the fundamental
interplay between the transverse and longitudinal components of the laser's
electromagnetic vector potential. The ratio between those components is
controllable by just focusing the laser spot, pointing to an accessible tool
for polarization and polarity control of the high harmonics.


  Frictional contact has been extensively studied as the core underlying
behavior of legged locomotion and manipulation, and its nearly-discontinuous
nature makes planning and control difficult even when an accurate model of the
robot is available. Here, we present empirical evidence that learning an
accurate model in the first place can be confounded by contact, as modern deep
learning approaches are not designed to capture this non-smoothness. We isolate
the effects of contact's non-smoothness by varying the mechanical stiffness of
a compliant contact simulator. Even for a simple system, we find that stiffness
alone dramatically degrades training processes, generalization, and
data-efficiency. Our results raise serious questions about simulated testing
environments which do not accurately reflect the stiffness of rigid robotic
hardware. Significant additional investigation will be necessary to fully
understand and mitigate these effects, and we suggest several avenues for
future study.


  New properties of $q$-ary cyclotomic cosets modulo $n = q^{m} - 1$, where $q
\geq 3$ is a prime power, are investigated in this paper. Based on these
properties, the dimension as well as bounds for the designed distance of some
families of classical cyclic codes can be computed. As an application, new
families of nonbinary Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) quantum codes as well as new
families of convolutional codes are constructed in this work. These new CSS
codes have parameters better than the ones available in the literature. The
convolutional codes constructed here have free distance greater than the ones
available in the literature.


  We define Hecke operators U_m that sift out every m-th Taylor series
coefficient of a rational function in one variable, defined over the reals. We
prove several structure theorems concerning the eigenfunctions of these Hecke
operators, including the pleasing fact that the point spectrum of the operator
U_m is simply the set {+/- m^k, k in N} U {0}. It turns out that the
simultaneous eigenfunctions of all of the Hecke operators involve Dirichlet
characters mod L, giving rise to the result that any arithmetic function of m
that is completely multiplicative and also satisfies a linear recurrence must
be a Dirichlet character times a power of m. We also define the notions of
level and weight for rational eigenfunctions, by analogy with modular forms,
and we show the existence of some interesting finite-dimensional subspaces of
rational eigenfunctions (of fixed weight and level), whose union gives all of
the rational functions whose coefficients are quasi-polynomials.


  A search for the Standard Model Higgs decaying to W$^+$W$^-$ and ZZ in pp
collisions from LHC at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using up to 1.7 fb$^{-1}$ of data
recorded by the CMS detector is presented. This search covers a mass range from
110 GeV/c$^2$ to 600 GeV/c$^2$. No significant excess above Standard Model
background expectations is observed. Upper limits on the production cross
section are derived.


  We study the theory of systems with constraints from the point of view of the
formal theory of partial differential equations. For finite-dimensional systems
we show that the Dirac algorithm completes the equations of motion to an
involutive system. We discuss the implications of this identification for field
theories and argue that the involution analysis is more general and flexible
than the Dirac approach. We also derive intrinsic expressions for the number of
degrees of freedom.


  Robert French has argued that a disembodied computer is incapable of passing
a Turing Test that includes subcognitive questions. Subcognitive questions are
designed to probe the network of cultural and perceptual associations that
humans naturally develop as we live, embodied and embedded in the world. In
this paper, I show how it is possible for a disembodied computer to answer
subcognitive questions appropriately, contrary to French's claim. My approach
to answering subcognitive questions is to use statistical information extracted
from a very large collection of text. In particular, I show how it is possible
to answer a sample of subcognitive questions taken from French, by issuing
queries to a search engine that indexes about 350 million Web pages. This
simple algorithm may shed light on the nature of human (sub-) cognition, but
the scope of this paper is limited to demonstrating that French is mistaken: a
disembodied computer can answer subcognitive questions.


  We present a new second-order oracle bound for the expected risk of a
weighted majority vote. The bound is based on a novel parametric form of the
Chebyshev- Cantelli inequality (a.k.a. one-sided Chebyshev's), which is
amenable to efficient minimization. The new form resolves the optimization
challenge faced by prior oracle bounds based on the Chebyshev-Cantelli
inequality, the C-bounds [Germain et al., 2015], and, at the same time, it
improves on the oracle bound based on second order Markov's inequality
introduced by Masegosa et al. [2020]. We also derive a new concentration of
measure inequality, which we name PAC-Bayes-Bennett, since it combines
PAC-Bayesian bounding with Bennett's inequality. We use it for empirical
estimation of the oracle bound. The PAC-Bayes-Bennett inequality improves on
the PAC-Bayes-Bernstein inequality of Seldin et al. [2012]. We provide an
empirical evaluation demonstrating that the new bounds can improve on the work
of Masegosa et al. [2020]. Both the parametric form of the Chebyshev-Cantelli
inequality and the PAC-Bayes-Bennett inequality may be of independent interest
for the study of concentration of measure in other domains.


  Microscopic particles suspended in liquids are the prime example of an
overdamped system because viscous forces dominate over inertial effects. Apart
from their use as model systems, they receive considerable attention as
sensitive probes from which forces on molecular scales can be inferred. The
interpretation of such experiments rests on the assumption, that, even if the
particles are driven, the liquid remains in equilibrium, and all modes are
overdamped. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that this is no longer valid
when a particle is forced through a viscoelastic fluid. Even at small driving
velocities where Stokes law remains valid, we observe particle oscillations
with periods up to several tens of seconds. We attribute these to
non-equilibrium fluctuations of the fluid, which are excited by the particle's
motion. The observed oscillatory dynamics is in quantitative agreement with an
overdamped Langevin equation with negative friction-memory term and which is
equivalent to the motion of a stochastically driven underdamped oscillator.
This fundamentally new oscillatory mode will largely expand the variety of
model systems but has also considerable implications on how molecular forces
are determined by colloidal probe particles under natural viscoelastic
conditions.


  The use of coherent light for precision measurements has been a key driving
force for numerous research directions, ranging from biomedical optics to
semiconductor manufacturing. Recent work demonstrates that the precision of
such measurements can be significantly improved by tailoring the spatial
profile of light fields used for estimating an observable system parameter.
These advances naturally raise the intriguing question of which states of light
can provide the ultimate measurement precision. Here, we introduce a general
approach to determine the optimal coherent states of light for estimating any
given parameter, regardless of the complexity of the system. Our analysis
reveals that the light fields delivering the ultimate measurement precision are
eigenstates of a Hermitian operator which quantifies the Fisher information
based on the system's scattering matrix. To illustrate this concept, we
experimentally show that these maximum information states can probe the phase
or the position of an object that is hidden by a disordered medium with a
precision improved by an order of magnitude as compared to unoptimized states.
Our results enable optimally precise measurements in arbitrarily complex
systems, thus establishing a new benchmark for metrology and imaging
applications.


  The massive parallel approach of neuromorphic circuits leads to effective
methods for solving complex problems. It has turned out that resistive
switching devices with a continuous resistance range are potential candidates
for such applications. These devices are memristive systems - nonlinear
resistors with memory. They are fabricated in nanotechnology and hence
parameter spread during fabrication may aggravate reproducible analyses. This
issue makes simulation models of memristive devices worthwhile.
  Kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations based on a distributed model of the device
can be used to understand the underlying physical and chemical phenomena.
However, such simulations are very time-consuming and neither convenient for
investigations of whole circuits nor for real-time applications, e.g. emulation
purposes. Instead, a concentrated model of the device can be used for both fast
simulations and real-time applications, respectively. We introduce an enhanced
electrical model of a valence change mechanism (VCM) based double barrier
memristive device (DBMD) with a continuous resistance range. This device
consists of an ultra-thin memristive layer sandwiched between a tunnel barrier
and a Schottky-contact. The introduced model leads to very fast simulations by
using usual circuit simulation tools while maintaining physically meaningful
parameters.
  Kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations based on a distributed model and experimental
data have been utilized as references to verify the concentrated model.


  With $T_c \sim 9.6~\mathrm{K}$, Be$_{22}$Re exhibits one of the highest
critical temperatures among Be-rich compounds. We have carried out a series of
high-pressure electrical resistivity measurements on this compound to 30 GPa.
The data show that the critical temperature $T_c$ is suppressed gradually at a
rate of $dT_c/dP = -0.05~\mathrm{K/GPa}$. Using density functional theory (DFT)
calculations of the electronic and phonon density of states (DOS) and the
measured critical temperature, we estimate that the rapid increase in lattice
stiffening in Be$_{22}$Re overwhelms a moderate increase in the electron-ion
interaction with pressure, resulting in the decrease in $T_c$. High pressure
x-ray diffraction measurements show that the ambient pressure crystal structure
of Be$_{22}$Re persists to at least 154 GPa. We discuss the relationship
between low-Z Be-rich superconductors and the high-$T_c$ superhydrides.


  Recent measurements of high E_T jet production at the Tevatron are presented.
These data provide stringent tests of perturbative QCD as well as constraints
on parton distribution functions, the strong coupling constant and models
implemented in event generators. Measurements of inclusive jet and multijet
production as well as the associated production of jets with the electroweak
bosons obtained by both the D0 and CDF collaborations are reviewed.


  Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems exponentially faster than
possible classically but are challenging to build because of their increased
susceptibility to errors. Remarkably, however, it is possible to detect and
correct errors without destroying coherence by using quantum error correcting
codes [1]. The simplest of these are the three-qubit codes, which map a
one-qubit state to an entangled three-qubit state and can correct any single
phase-flip or bit-flip error of one of the three qubits, depending on the code
used [2]. Here we demonstrate both codes in a superconducting circuit by
encoding a quantum state as previously shown [3,4], inducing errors on all
three qubits with some probability, and decoding the error syndrome by
reversing the encoding process. This syndrome is then used as the input to a
three-qubit gate which corrects the primary qubit if it was flipped. As the
code can recover from a single error on any qubit, the fidelity of this process
should decrease only quadratically with error probability. We implement the
correcting three-qubit gate, known as a conditional-conditional NOT (CCNot) or
Toffoli gate, using an interaction with the third excited state of a single
qubit, in 63 ns. We find 85\pm1% fidelity to the expected classical action of
this gate and 78\pm1% fidelity to the ideal quantum process matrix. Using it,
we perform a single pass of both quantum bit- and phase-flip error correction
with 76\pm0.5% process fidelity and demonstrate the predicted first-order
insensitivity to errors. Concatenating these two codes and performing them on a
nine-qubit device would correct arbitrary single-qubit errors. When combined
with recent advances in superconducting qubit coherence times [5,6], this may
lead to scalable quantum technology.


  The aim of this work is to study the representation dimension of cluster
tilted algebras. We prove that the weak representation dimension of tame
cluster tilted algebras is equal to three. We construct a generator module that
reaches the weak representation dimension, unfortunately this module is not
always a cogenerator. We show for which algebras this module gives the
representation dimension.


  We investigate a scalar potential inspired by the unparticle sector for the
electroweak symmetry breaking. The scalar potential contains the interaction
between the standard model fields and unparticle sector. It is described by the
non-integral power of fields that originates from the nontrivial scaling
dimension of the unparticle operator. It is found that the electroweak symmetry
is broken at tree level when the interaction is turned on. The scale invariance
of unparticle sector is also broken simultaneously, resulting in a physical
Higgs and a new lighter scalar particle.


  A prevalent assumption in auction theory is that the auctioneer has full
control over the market and that the allocation she dictates is final. In
practice, however, agents might be able to resell acquired items in an
aftermarket. A prominent example is the market for carbon emission allowances.
These allowances are commonly allocated by the government using uniform-price
auctions, and firms can typically trade these allowances among themselves in an
aftermarket that may not be fully under the auctioneer's control. While the
uniform-price auction is approximately efficient in isolation, we show that
speculation and resale in aftermarkets might result in a significant welfare
loss. Motivated by this issue, we consider three approaches, each ensuring high
equilibrium welfare in the combined market. The first approach is to adopt
smooth auctions such as discriminatory auctions. This approach is robust to
correlated valuations and to participants acquiring information about others'
types. However, discriminatory auctions have several downsides, notably that of
charging bidders different prices for identical items, resulting in fairness
concerns that make the format unpopular. Two other approaches we suggest are
either using posted-pricing mechanisms, or using uniform-price auctions with
anonymous reserves. We show that when using balanced prices, both these
approaches ensure high equilibrium welfare in the combined market. The latter
also inherits many of the benefits from uniform-price auctions such as price
discovery, and can be introduced with a minor modification to auctions
currently in use to sell carbon emission allowances.


  Observations of galaxies in the local Universe have shown that both the
ionized gas and the stars of satellites are more metal-rich than of equally
massive centrals. To gain insight into the connection between this metallicity
enhancement and other differences between centrals and satellites, such as
their star formation rates, gas content, and growth history, we study the
metallicities of >3600 galaxies with M_star > 10^10 M_sun in the cosmological
hydrodynamical EAGLE 100 Mpc `Reference' simulation, including ~1500 in the
vicinity of galaxy groups and clusters (M_200 >= 10^13 M_sun). The simulation
predicts excess gas and stellar metallicities in satellites consistent with
observations, except for stellar metallicities at M_star <~ 10^10.2 M_sun where
the predicted excess is smaller than observed. The exact magnitude of the
effect depends on galaxy selection, aperture, and on whether the metallicity is
weighted by stellar mass or luminosity. The stellar metallicity excess in
clusters is also sensitive to the efficiency scaling of star formation
feedback. We identify stripping of low-metallicity gas from the galaxy
outskirts, as well as suppression of metal-poor inflows towards the galaxy
centre, as key drivers of the enhancement of gas metallicity. Stellar
metallicities in satellites are higher than in the field as a direct
consequence of the more metal-rich star forming gas, whereas stripping of stars
and suppressed stellar mass growth, as well as differences in accreted vs.
in-situ star formation between satellites and the field, are of secondary
importance.


  We compute the joint distribution of the site and the time at which a
$d$-dimensional standard Brownian motion $B_t$ hits the surface of the ball $
U(a) =\{|{\bf x}|<a\}$ for the first time. The asymptotic form of its density
is obtained when either the hitting time or the starting site $B_0$ becomes
large. Our results entail that if Brownian motion is started at ${\bf x}$ and
conditioned to hit $U(a)$ at time $t$ for the first time, the distribution of
the hitting site approaches the uniform distribution or the point mass at
$a{\bf x}/|{\bf x}|$ according as $|{\bf x}|/t$ tends to zero or infinity; in
each case we provide a precise asymptotic estimate of the density. In the case
when $|{\bf x}|/t$ tends to a positive constant we show the convergence of the
density and derive an analytic expression of the limit density.


  We provide a class of entanglement witnesses constructed in terms of Mutually
Unbiased Bases (MUBs). This construction reproduces many well-known examples
like the celebrated reduction map and Choi map together with its
generalizations. We illustrated our construction by the detailed analysis of
the 3-dimensional case: in this case, one obtains a family of entanglement
witnesses parameterized by an L-dimensional torus (L = 2,3,4 being a number of
MUBs used in the construction).


  Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are sensible targets for high profile
attackers and advanced persistent threats, which are known to exploit USB thumb
drives as an effective spreading vector. In ICSes, thumb drives are widely used
to transfer files among disconnected systems and represent a serious security
risks, since, they may be promiscuously used in both critical and regular
systems. The threats come both from malware hidden in files stored in the thumb
drives and from BadUSB attacks [16]. BadUSB leverages the modification of
firmware of USB devices in order to mimic the behaviour of a keyboard and send
malicious commands to the host. We present a solution that allows a promiscuous
use of USB thumbs drives while protecting critical machines from malware, that
spread by regular file infection or by firmware infection. The main component
of the architecture we propose is an hardware, called USBCaptchaIn, intended to
be in the middle between a critical machine and all USB devices. We do not
require users to change the way they use thumb drives. To avoid human-errors,
we do not require users to take any decision. The proposed approach is highly
compatible with already deployed products of a ICS environment and proactively
blocks malware before they reach their targets. We describe our solution,
provide a thorough analysis of the security of our approach in the ICS context,
and report the informal feedback of some experts regarding our first
prototypes.


  We investigate certain measures induced by families of non-intersecting paths
in domino tilings of the Aztec diamond, rhombus tilings of an abc-hexagon, a
dimer model on a cylindrical brick lattice and a growth model. The measures
obtained, e.g. the Krawtchouk and Hahn ensembles, have the same structure as
the eigenvalue measures in random matrix theory like GUE, which can in fact be
obtained from non-intersecting Brownian motions. The derivations of the
measures are based on the Karlin-McGregor or Lindstr\"om-Gessel-Viennot method.
We use the measure to show some asymptotic results for the models.


  A new method of antenna radiation pattern reconstruction using Chebyshev
polynomials was presented in this paper. The analysis starts from the data
measured in the frequency domain, and it corresponds to a direct propagating
between two antennas and reflected propagating waves from the copper plate. The
accuracy of this technique is evaluated at the frequency of 3.35GHz by the
anechoic conditions. As a result, the Chebyshev method shows us a good
performance in the E-plane in the range of -70{\deg} ~0{\deg}.


  I study some effects of aspherical mass loss during the last stages of the
asymptotic giant branch (AGB) on the appearance of proto planetary nebulae
(PNs) and young PNs. The aspherical mass loss can be small scale
inhomogeneities, and/or axially symmetric mass loss geometry. I first examine
the role of the dust opacity in the optical band on the appearance of
proto-PNs. I conclude that large optical depth will be found in proto-PNs which
are descendant of AGB stars having high equatorial mass loss rates, which
require a stellar binary companion for their existence. These proto-PNs will
become bipolar-PNs, i.e., PNs with two lobes an an equatorial waist between
them, or extreme elliptical PNs. I then derive the conditions for the
enhancement of non-radial density inhomogeneity by the propagation of the
ionization front at the early PN stages. The ionization will proceed faster in
the radial direction along low density regions. The low density regions will be
heated earlier, and they will expand due to their higher pressures, reducing
further their densities. The opposite occurs in high density regions.


  We study numerically the detailed structure and decay dynamics of isolated
monopoles in conditions similar to those of their recent experimental
discovery. We find that the core of a monopole in the polar phase of a spin-1
Bose-Einstein condensate contains a small half-quantum vortex ring. Well after
the creation of the monopole, we observe a dynamical quantum phase transition
that destroys the polar phase. Strikingly, the resulting ferromagnetic order
parameter exhibits a Dirac monopole in its synthetic magnetic field.


  The congestion of the radio frequency bands imposes serious limitations on
the capacity and capability of modern wireless information infrastructures. One
approach to enable frequency re-use is to exploit other physical conserved
quantities of the electromagnetic fields, such as the orbital angular momentum
(OAM) in addition to linear momentum, which is exploited in present-day
telecommunications. Whereas in the optical regime the increase of channel
capacity by using OAM states was demonstrated recently, the receiving antennas
in commercial radio links have a much smaller extent than the transmitted beam,
making the signal reception and characterization of the OAM state demanding.
Moreover, radio data transmission with more than two channels per polarization
state at the same frequency for radio links is known to be notoriously
difficult to realize even with multiport techniques, long antenna baselines and
digital post-processing. Here we report results from an outdoor, proof of
concept experiment where the physical properties of OAM states were used to
transfer information, using far-field multiplexing/demultiplexing of three
coexisting collinear, vertically polarized and mutually independent OAM radio
beams, opening new perspectives in wireless telecommunications.


  This paper is a first step to chase the ambitious objective of developing a
mathmatical theory of living systems. The contents refer modeling large systems
of interacting living entities with the aim of describing their collective
behaviors by differential models. The contents is in three parts. Firstly, we
derive the mathematical method; subsequently, we show how the method can be
applied in a number of case studies related to well defined living systems and
finally, we look ahead to research perspectives focusing both on mathematical
methods and further applications.


  This paper is devoted to classify the most general plane symmetric spacetimes
according to kinematic self-similar perfect fluid and dust solutions. We
provide a classification of the kinematic self-similarity of the first, second,
zeroth and infinite kinds with different equations of state, where the
self-similar vector is not only tilted but also orthogonal and parallel to the
fluid flow. This scheme of classification yields twenty four plane symmetric
kinematic self-similar solutions. Some of these solutions turn out to be
vacuum. These solutions can be matched with the already classified plane
symmetric solutions under particular coordinate transformations. As a result,
these reduce to sixteen independent plane symmetric kinematic self-similar
solutions.


  We present an inductively coupled-plasma reactive-ion etching process that
simultaneously provides both a high etch rate and unprecedented selectivity for
gallium phosphide (GaP) in the presence of aluminum gallium phosphide
(Al$_\textrm{x}$Ga$_{1-\textrm{x}}$P). Utilizing mixtures of silicon
tetrachloride (SiCl$_4$) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF$_6$), selectivities
exceeding 2700:1 are achieved at GaP etch rates above 3000 nm/min. A design of
experiments has been employed to investigate the influence of the inductively
coupled-plasma power, the chamber pressure, the DC bias and the ratio of
SiCl$_4$ to SF$_6$. The process enables the use of thin
Al$_\textrm{x}$Ga$_{1-\textrm{x}}$P stop layers even at aluminum contents of a
few percent.


  We study the dynamical equation of the time-ordered Green's function at
finite temperature. We show that the time-ordered Green's function obeys a
conventional Dyson equation only at equilibrium and in the limit of
zero-temperature. In all other cases, i.e. finite-temperature at equilibrium or
non-equilibrium, the time-ordered Green's function obeys instead a modified
Dyson equation. The derivation of this result is obtained from the general
formalism of the non-equilibrium Green's functions on the Keldysh time-loop
contour. At equilibrium, our result is fully consistent with the Matsubara
temperature Green's function formalism and also justifies rigorously the
correction terms introduced in an ad hoc way with Hedin and Lundqvist. Our
results show that one should use the appropriate dynamical equation for the
time-ordered Green's function when working beyond the equilibrium
zero-temperature limit.


  We investigate how the X factor, the ratio of H_2 column density (NH2) to
velocity-integrated CO intensity (W), is determined by the physical properties
of gas in model molecular clouds (MCs). We perform radiative transfer
calculations on chemical-MHD models to compute X. Using integrated NH2 and W
reproduces the limited range in X found in observations, resulting in a mean
value X=2\times10^20 s/cm^2/K^1/km^1 from the Galactic MC model. However, in
limited velocity intervals, X can take on a much larger range due to CO line
saturation. Thus, X strongly depends on both the range in gas velocities and
volume densities. The temperature (T) variations within individual MCs do not
strongly affect X, as dense gas contributes most to setting X. For fixed
velocity and density structure, gas with higher T has higher W, yielding X ~
T^-1/2 for T~20-100 K. We demonstrate that the linewidth-size scaling relation
does not influence the X factor - only the range in velocities is important.
Clouds with larger linewidths, regardless of the linewidth-size relation, have
a higher W, corresponding to a lower value of X, scaling roughly as X ~
sigma^-1/2. The "mist" model, consisting of optically thick cloudlets with
well-separated velocities, does not accurately reflect the conditions in a
turbulent MC. We propose that the observed cloud-average values of X ~ XGal is
simply a result of the limited range in NH2, temperatures, and velocities found
in Galactic MCs - a ~constant value of X therefore does not require any
linewidth-size relation, or that MCs are virialized objects. Since gas
properties likely differ (slightly) between clouds, masses derived through a
standard X should only be considered as a rough first estimate. For
temperatures T~10-20 K, velocity dispersions ~1-6 km/s, and NH2~2-20\times10^21
cm^-2, we find cloud-averaged X ~ 2-4\times10^20 s/cm^2/K^1/km^1 for
Solar-metallicity models.


  For univalent and normalized functions $f$ the logarithmic coefficients
$\gamma_n(f)$ are determined by the formula
$\log(f(z)/z)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}2\gamma_n(f)z^n$. In the paper \cite{Pon} the
authors posed the conjecture that a locally univalent function in the unit
disk, satisfying the condition \[
\Re\left\{1+zf''(z)/f'(z)\right\}<1+\lambda/2\quad (z\in \mathbb{D}), \]
fulfill also the following inequality: $$|\gamma_n(f)|\le \lambda/(2n(n+1)).$$
Here $\lambda$ is a real number such that $0<\lambda\le 1$. In the paper we
confirm that the conjecture is true, and sharp.


  Let $(B_{i})$ be a sequence of measurable sets in a probability space
$(X,\mathcal{B}, \mu)$ such that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \mu (B_{i}) = \infty$.
The classical Borel-Cantelli lemma states that if the sets $B_{i}$ are
independent, then $\mu (\{x \in X : x \in B_{i} \text{infinitely often (i.o.)})
= 1$. Suppose $(T,X,\mu)$ is a dynamical system and $(B_i)$ is a sequence of
sets in $X$. We consider whether $T^i x\in B_i$ for $\mu$ a.e.\ $x\in X$ and if
so, is there an asymptotic estimate on the rate of entry. If $T^i x\in B_i$
infinitely often for $\mu$ a.e.\ $x$ we call the sequence $B_i$ a
Borel--Cantelli sequence. If the sets $B_i:= B(p,r_i)$ are nested balls about a
point $p$ then the question of whether $T^i x\in B_i$ infinitely often for
$\mu$ a.e.\ $x$ is often called the shrinking target problem. We show, under
certain assumptions on the measure $\mu$, that for balls $B_i$ if $\mu (B_i)\ge
i^{-\gamma}$, $0<\gamma <1$, then a sufficiently high polynomial rate of decay
of correlations for Lipschitz observations implies that the sequence is
Borel-Cantelli. If $\mu (B_i)\ge \frac{C\log i}{i}$ then exponential decay of
correlations implies that the sequence is Borel-Cantelli. If it is only assumed
that $\mu (B_i) \ge \frac{1}{i}$ then we give conditions in terms of return
time statistics which imply that for $\mu$ a.e.\ $p$ sequences of nested balls
$B(p,1/i)$ are Borel-Cantelli. Corollaries of our results are that for planar
dispersing billiards and Lozi maps $\mu$ a.e.\ $p$ sequences of nested balls
$B(p,1/i)$ are Borel-Cantelli. We also give applications of these results to a
variety of non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems.


  In this study, we study the relation between Grundy numbers of a Maximum Nim
and Josephus problem. Let f(x) = floor(x/k), where floor( ) is the floor
function and k is a positive integer. We prove that there is a simple relation
with a Maximum Nim with the rule function f and the Josephus problem in which
every k-th numbers are to be removed.


  Let $f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a stationary centered Gaussian process.
For any $R>0$, let $\nu_R$ denote the counting measure of $\{x \in \mathbb{R}
\mid f(Rx)=0\}$. In this paper, we study the large $R$ asymptotic distribution
of $\nu_R$. Under suitable assumptions on the regularity of $f$ and the decay
of its correlation function at infinity, we derive the asymptotics as $R \to
+\infty$ of the central moments of the linear statistics of $\nu_R$. In
particular, we derive an asymptotics of order $R^\frac{p}{2}$ for the $p$-th
central moment of the number of zeros of $f$ in $[0,R]$. As an application, we
derive a functional Law of Large Numbers and a functional Central Limit Theorem
for the random measures~$\nu_R$. More precisely, after a proper rescaling,
$\nu_R$ converges almost surely towards the Lebesgue measure in weak-$*$ sense.
Moreover, the fluctuation of $\nu_R$ around its mean converges in distribution
towards the standard Gaussian White Noise. The proof of our moments estimates
relies on a careful study of the $k$-point function of the zero point process
of~$f$, for any $k \geq 2$. Our analysis yields two results of independent
interest. First, we derive an equivalent of this $k$-point function near any
point of the large diagonal in~$\mathbb{R}^k$, thus quantifying the short-range
repulsion between zeros of $f$. Second, we prove a clustering property which
quantifies the long-range decorrelation between zeros of $f$.


  We investigate the properties of fermion mass functions in quantum
electrodynamics calculated by the Schwinger-Dyson equation in the strong
coupling region, in which the loop integration is performed in Minkowski space.
The calculated results without the instantaneous exchange approximation are
compared with those obtained by integration in Euclidean space.


  For numerous applications of quantum theory it is desirable to be able to
apply arbitrary unitary operations on a given quantum system. However, in
particular situations only a subset of unitary operations is easily accessible.
This raises the question of what additional unitary gates should be added to a
given gate-set in order to attain physical universality, i.e., to be able to
perform arbitrary unitary transformation on the relevant Hilbert space. In this
work, we study this problem for three paradigmatic cases of naturally occurring
restricted gate-sets: (A) particle-number preserving bosonic linear optics, (B)
particle-number preserving fermionic linear optics, and (C) general (not
necessarily particle-number preserving) fermionic linear optics. Using tools
from group theory and control theory, we classify, in each of these scenarios,
what sets of gates are generated, if an additional gate is added to the set of
allowed transformations. This allows us to solve the universality problem
completely for arbitrary number of particles and for arbitrary dimensions of
the single-particle Hilbert space.


  Proteins perform much of the work in living organisms, and consequently the
development of efficient computational methods for protein representation is
essential for advancing large-scale biological research. Most current
approaches struggle to efficiently integrate the wealth of information
contained in the protein sequence and structure. In this paper, we propose a
novel framework for embedding protein graphs in geometric vector spaces, by
learning an encoder function that preserves the structural distance between
protein graphs. Utilizing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Large Language
Models (LLMs), the proposed framework generates structure- and sequence-aware
protein representations. We demonstrate that our embeddings are successful in
the task of comparing protein structures, while providing a significant
speed-up compared to traditional approaches based on structural alignment. Our
framework achieves remarkable results in the task of protein structure
classification; in particular, when compared to other work, the proposed method
shows an average F1-Score improvement of 26% on out-of-distribution (OOD)
samples and of 32% when tested on samples coming from the same distribution as
the training data. Our approach finds applications in areas such as drug
prioritization, drug re-purposing, disease sub-type analysis and elsewhere.


  Heat conduction in graphite has been studied for decades because of its
exceptionally large thermal anisotropy. While the bulk thermal conductivities
along the in-plane and cross-plane directions are well known, less understood
are the microscopic properties of the thermal phonons responsible for heat
conduction. In particular, recent experimental and computational works indicate
that the average phonon mean free path (MFP) along the c-axis is considerably
larger than that estimated by kinetic theory, but the distribution of MFPs
remains unknown. Here, we report the first quantitative measurements of c-axis
phonon MFP spectra in graphite at a variety of temperatures using time-domain
thermoreflectance measurements of graphite flakes with variable thickness. Our
results indicate that c-axis phonon MFPs have values of a few hundred
nanometers at room temperature and a much narrower distribution than in
isotropic crystals. At low temperatures, phonon scattering is dominated by
grain boundaries separating crystalline regions of different rotational
orientation. Our study provides important new insights into heat transport and
phonon scattering mechanisms in graphite and other anisotropic van der Waals
solids.


  We consider directed weighted graphs and define various families of path
counting functions. Our main results are explicit formulas for the main term of
the asymptotic growth rate of these counting functions, under some
irrationality assumptions on the lengths of all closed orbits on the graph. In
addition we assign transition probabilities to such graphs and compute
statistics of the corresponding random walks. Some examples and applications
are reviewed.


  The single-W production mechanism is synonymous to the electron-positron
annihilation into electron, neutrino and a W boson with the outgoing electron
lost in a small cone around the beam direction. It requires a Renormalization
Scheme that preserves gauge invariance and fermion masses cannot be neglected
in the calculation. A recently proposed generalization of the so-called
Fermion-Loop scheme is applied to the evaluation of observables at LEP 2
energies. Single-W processes are dominated by a regime of low momentum transfer
of the outgoing electron and any high-energy Renormalization Scheme fails to
give the correct description of the scale. The Fermion-Loop scheme
automatically converts all couplings of the theory into couplings that are
running at the appropriate scale. Therefore, in addition to represent the only
scheme fully justified on a field-theoretical basis, the Fermion-Loop is the
best starting point to include radiative corrections into single-W production.
Numerical results are presented, showing a decrease in the predictions that can
be sizeable. There is no naive and overall rescaling of the e.m. coupling
constant, in any pragmatic scheme, that can reproduce the Fermion-Loop results,
at the requested accuracy, for all configurations and for all kinematical cuts.


  We study the complexity of finding the \emph{geodetic number} on subclasses
of planar graphs and chordal graphs. A set $S$ of vertices of a graph $G$ is a
\emph{geodetic set} if every vertex of $G$ lies in a shortest path between some
pair of vertices of $S$. The \textsc{Minimum Geodetic Set (MGS)} problem is to
find a geodetic set with minimum cardinality of a given graph. The problem is
known to remain NP-hard on bipartite graphs, chordal graphs, planar graphs and
subcubic graphs. We first study \textsc{MGS} on restricted classes of planar
graphs: we design a linear-time algorithm for \textsc{MGS} on solid grids,
improving on a $3$-approximation algorithm by Chakraborty et al. (CALDAM, 2020)
and show that it remains NP-hard even for subcubic partial grids of arbitrary
girth. This unifies some results in the literature. We then turn our attention
to chordal graphs, showing that \textsc{MGS} is fixed parameter tractable for
inputs of this class when parameterized by its \emph{tree-width} (which equals
its clique number). This implies a polynomial-time algorithm for $k$-trees, for
fixed $k$. Then, we show that \textsc{MGS} is NP-hard on interval graphs,
thereby answering a question of Ekim et al. (LATIN, 2012). As interval graphs
are very constrained, to prove the latter result we design a rather
sophisticated reduction technique to work around their inherent linear
structure.


  Inquisitive questions -- open-ended, curiosity-driven questions people ask as
they read -- are an integral part of discourse processing (Kehler and Rohde,
2017; Onea, 2016) and comprehension (Prince, 2004). Recent work in NLP has
taken advantage of question generation capabilities of LLMs to enhance a wide
range of applications. But the space of inquisitive questions is vast: many
questions can be evoked from a given context. So which of those should be
prioritized to find answers? Linguistic theories, unfortunately, have not yet
provided an answer to this question. This paper presents QSALIENCE, a salience
predictor of inquisitive questions. QSALIENCE is instruction-tuned over our
dataset of linguist-annotated salience scores of 1,766 (context, question)
pairs. A question scores high on salience if answering it would greatly enhance
the understanding of the text (Van Rooy, 2003). We show that highly salient
questions are empirically more likely to be answered in the same article,
bridging potential questions (Onea, 2016) with Questions Under Discussion
(Roberts, 2012). We further validate our findings by showing that answering
salient questions is an indicator of summarization quality in news.


  Mg II lines represent one of the strongest emissions from the chromospheric
plasma during solar flares. In this article, we studied the Mg II lines
observed during the X1 flare on March 29 2014 (SOL2014-03-29T17:48) by IRIS.
IRIS detected large intensity enhancements of the Mg II h and k lines,
subordinate triplet lines, and several other metallic lines at the flare
footpoints during this flare. We have used the advantage of the slit-scanning
mode (rastering) of IRIS and performed, for the first time, a detailed analysis
of spatial and temporal variations of the spectra. Moreover, we were also able
to identify positions of strongest HXR emissions using RHESSI observations and
to correlate them with the spatial and temporal evolution of Mg II spectra. The
light curves of the Mg II lines increase and peak contemporarily with the HXR
emissions but decay more gradually. There are large red asymmetries in the Mg
II h and k lines after the flare peak. We see two spatially well separated
groups of Mg II line profiles, non-reversed and reversed. In some cases, the Mg
II footpoints with reversed profiles are correlated with HXR sources. We show
the spatial and temporal behavior of several other line parameters (line
metrics) and briefly discuss them. Finally, we have synthesized the Mg II k
line using our non-LTE code with the MALI technique. Two kinds of models are
considered, the flare model F2 of Machado et al. (1980) and the models of
Ricchiazzi and Canfield (1983). Model F2 reproduces the peak intensity of the
unreversed Mg II k profile at flare maximum but does not account for high wing
intensities. On the other hand, the RC models show the sensitivity of Mg II
line intensities to various electron-beam parameters. Our simulations also show
that the microturbulence produces a broader line core, while the intense line
wings are caused by an enhanced line source function.


  We present a simple deep learning framework to simultaneously predict
keypoint locations and their respective visibilities and use those to achieve
state-of-the-art performance for fine-grained classification. We show that by
conditioning the predictions on object proposals with sufficient image support,
our method can do well without complicated spatial reasoning. Instead,
inference methods with robustness to outliers, yield state-of-the-art for
keypoint localization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our accurate
keypoint localization and visibility prediction on the fine-grained bird
recognition task with and without ground truth bird bounding boxes, and
outperform existing state-of-the-art methods by over 2%.


  We present an on-line 3D visual object tracking framework for monocular
cameras by incorporating spatial knowledge and uncertainty from semantic
mapping along with high frequency measurements from visual odometry. Using a
combination of vision and odometry that are tightly integrated we can increase
the overall performance of object based tracking for semantic mapping. We
present a framework for integration of the two data-sources into a coherent
framework through information based fusion/arbitration. We demonstrate the
framework in the context of OmniMapper[1] and present results on 6 challenging
sequences over multiple objects compared to data obtained from a motion capture
systems. We are able to achieve a mean error of 0.23m for per frame tracking
showing 9% relative error less than state of the art tracker.


  We introduce a natural partial order on the set Cones(d) of rational cones in
R^d. The poset NPol(d-1) of normal polytopes in R^{d-1} embeds into Cones(d)
via the homogenization map. The order in Cones(d) is conjecturally the
inclusion order. We prove this for d=3 and show a stronger version of the
connectivity of Cones(d) for all d. Topological aspects of the conjecture are
also discussed.


  We characterize topological (and uniform) spaces whose free (locally convex)
topological vector spaces have a local $\mathfrak G$-base. A topological space
$X$ has a local $\mathfrak G$-base if every point $x$ of $X$ has a neighborhood
base $(U_\alpha)_{\alpha\in\omega^\omega}$ such that $U_\beta\subset U_\alpha$
for all $\alpha\le\beta$ in $\omega^\omega$. To construct $\mathfrak G$-bases
in free topological vector spaces, we exploit a new description of the topology
of a free topological vector space over a topological (or more generally,
uniform) space.


  The use of image transformations is essential for efficient modeling and
learning of visual data. But the class of relevant transformations is large:
affine transformations, projective transformations, elastic deformations, ...
the list goes on. Therefore, learning these transformations, rather than hand
coding them, is of great conceptual interest. To the best of our knowledge, all
the related work so far has been concerned with either supervised or weakly
supervised learning (from correlated sequences, video streams, or
image-transform pairs). In this paper, on the contrary, we present a simple
method for learning affine and elastic transformations when no examples of
these transformations are explicitly given, and no prior knowledge of space
(such as ordering of pixels) is included either. The system has only access to
a moderately large database of natural images arranged in no particular order.


  In the classic longest common substring (LCS) problem, we are given two
strings $S$ and $T$, each of length at most $n$, over an alphabet of size
$\sigma$, and we are asked to find a longest string occurring as a fragment of
both $S$ and $T$. Weiner, in his seminal paper that introduced the suffix tree,
presented an $\mathcal{O}(n \log \sigma)$-time algorithm for this problem [SWAT
1973]. For polynomially-bounded integer alphabets, the linear-time construction
of suffix trees by Farach yielded an $\mathcal{O}(n)$-time algorithm for the
LCS problem [FOCS 1997]. However, for small alphabets, this is not necessarily
optimal for the LCS problem in the word RAM model of computation, in which the
strings can be stored in $\mathcal{O}(n \log \sigma/\log n )$ space and read in
$\mathcal{O}(n \log \sigma/\log n )$ time. We show that, in this model, we can
compute an LCS in time $\mathcal{O}(n \log \sigma / \sqrt{\log n})$, which is
sublinear in $n$ if $\sigma=2^{o(\sqrt{\log n})}$ (in particular, if
$\sigma=\mathcal{O}(1)$), using optimal space $\mathcal{O}(n \log \sigma/\log
n)$.
  We then lift our ideas to the problem of computing a $k$-mismatch LCS, which
has received considerable attention in recent years. In this problem, the aim
is to compute a longest substring of $S$ that occurs in $T$ with at most $k$
mismatches. Thankachan et al.~showed how to compute a $k$-mismatch LCS in
$\mathcal{O}(n \log^k n)$ time for $k=\mathcal{O}(1)$ [J. Comput. Biol. 2016].
We show an $\mathcal{O}(n \log^{k-1/2} n)$-time algorithm, for any constant
$k>0$ and irrespective of the alphabet size, using $\mathcal{O}(n)$ space as
the previous approaches. We thus notably break through the well-known $n \log^k
n$ barrier, which stems from a recursive heavy-path decomposition technique
that was first introduced in the seminal paper of Cole et al. [STOC 2004] for
string indexing with $k$ errors.


  We extend the notions of complete intersection dimension and lower complete
intersection dimension to the category of complexes with finite homology and
verify basic properties analogous to those holding for modules. We also discuss
the question of the behavior of complete intersection dimension with respect to
short exact sequences.


  We present the first search for CPT-violating effects in the mixing of
${B_s^0}$ mesons using the full Run II data set with an integrated luminosity
of 10.4 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-antiproton collisions collected using the D0
detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We measure the CPT-violating
asymmetry in the decay $B_s^0 \to \mu^\pm D_s^\pm$ as a function of celestial
direction and sidereal phase. We find no evidence for CPT-violating effects and
place limits on the direction and magnitude of flavor-dependent CPT- and
Lorentz-invariance violating coupling coefficients. We find 95\% confidence
intervals of $\Delta a_{\perp} < 1.2 \times 10^{-12}$ GeV and $(-0.8 < \Delta
a_T - 0.396 \Delta a_Z < 3.9) \times 10^{-13}$ GeV.


  Bailey showed that the general pointwise forecasting for stationary and
ergodic time series has a negative solution. However, it is known that for
Markov chains the problem can be solved. Morvai showed that there is a stopping
time sequence $\{\lambda_n\}$ such that
$P(X_{\lambda_n+1}=1|X_0,...,X_{\lambda_n}) $ can be estimated from samples
$(X_0,...,X_{\lambda_n})$ such that the difference between the conditional
probability and the estimate vanishes along these stoppping times for all
stationary and ergodic binary time series. We will show it is not possible to
estimate the above conditional probability along a stopping time sequence for
all stationary and ergodic binary time series in a pointwise sense such that if
the time series turns out to be a Markov chain, the predictor will predict
eventually for all $n$.


  Since the CERN ISR, hadron colliders have defined the energy frontier.
Noteworthy are the conversion of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) into a
proton-antiproton collider, the Tevatron collider, as well as the abandoned SSC
in the United States. Hadron colliders are likely to determine the pace of
particle-physics progress also during the next hundred years. Discoveries at
past hadron colliders were essential for establishing the so-called Standard
Model of particle physics. The world's present flagship collider, the LHC,
including its high-luminosity upgrade HL-LHC, is set to operate through the
second half of the 2030's. Further increases of the energy reach during the
21st century require another, still more powerful hadron collider. Three
options for a next hadron collider are presently under investigation. The
Future Circular Collider (FCC) study, hosted by CERN, is designing a 100 TeV
collider, to be installed inside a new 100 km tunnel in the Lake Geneva basin.
A similar 100 km collider, called SppC, is being pursued by CAS-IHEP in China.
In either machine, for the first time in hadron storage rings, synchrotron
radiation damping will be significant. In parallel, the synchrotron-radiation
power emitted inside the cold magnets becomes an important design constraint.
One important difference between FCC and SppC is the magnet technology. FCC
uses 16 Tesla magnets based on Nb3Sn superconductor, while SppC magnets shall
be realized with cables made from iron-based high-temperature superconductor.
Initially the SppC magnets are assumed to provide a more moderate dipole field
of 12 T, but they can later be pushed to a final ultimate field of 24 T. A
third collider presently under study is the High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC), which is
a higher energy collider in the existing LHC tunnel, exploiting the FCC magnet
technology in order to double the LHC energy at significantly higher
luminosity.


  Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of
nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) such as nanomechanical resonators, which
have recently received significant attention from the scientific community.
This has not only been for their capability for the label-free detection of
bio/chemical-molecules at single-molecule (or atomic) resolution for future
applications such as the early diagnostics of diseases such as cancer, but also
for their unprecedented ability to detect physical quantities such as molecular
weight, elastic stiffness, surface stress, and surface elastic stiffness for
adsorbed molecules on the surface. Most experimental works on resonator-based
molecular detection have been based on the principle that molecular adsorption
onto a resonator surface increases the effective mass, and consequently
decreases the resonant frequencies of the nanomechanical resonator. However,
this principle is insufficient to provide fundamental insights into
resonator-based molecular detection at the nanoscale; this is due to recently
proposed novel nanoscale detection principles including various effects such as
surface effects, nonlinear oscillations, coupled resonance, and stiffness
effects. Therefore, our objective in this review is to overview the current
attempts to understand the underlying mechanisms in nanoresonator-based
detection using physical models coupled to computational simulations and/or
experiments. Specifically, we will focus on issues of special relevance to the
dynamic behavior of nanoresonators and their applications in
biological/chemical detection. We additionally provide extensive discussion
regarding potentially fruitful future research directions coupling experiments
and simulations in order to develop a fundamental understanding of the basic
physical principles that govern NEMS and NEMS-based sensing applications.


  We present a framework which unifies a large class of non-commutative
spacetimes that can be described in terms of a deformed Heisenberg algebra. The
commutation relations between spacetime coordinates are up to linear order in
the coordinates, with structure constants depending on the momenta plus terms
depending only on the momenta. The possible implementations of the action of
Lorentz transformations on these deformed phase spaces are considered, together
with the consistency requirements they introduce. It is found that Lorentz
transformations in general act nontrivially on tensor products of momenta. In
particular the Lorentz group element which acts on the left and on the right of
a composition of two momenta is different, and depends on the momenta involved
in the process. We conclude with two representative examples, which illustrate
the mentioned effect.


  Low dispersion spectra have been obtained of five planetary nebulae in the
elliptical galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus-A) from the catalogue of Hui et al.
(1993). The planetary nebulae (PN) cover a range of galactocentric radius from
7.9 to 17.7 arcmin (8 to 18Kpc). The spectra display typical emission lines of
H I, He I, He II, [O III], [N II] and [S II] and appear very similar to high
excitation planetary nebulae in the Galaxy. This implies that, from a stellar
evolution viewpoint, there should be no peculiar effects introduced by
considering the bright cut-off of the PN luminosity function for distance
estimation. In particular the brightest PN detected in NGC 5128 is not
spectroscopically unusual. One of the PN shows relatively strong He II and [N
II] lines and the derived N/O ratio indicates that it may be a Type I nebula,
considered to arise from a high mass progenitor star. Determinations of the
oxygen abundance of the five PN shows a mean value 0.5 dex below solar. Given
that NGC 5128 is an elliptical galaxy with a presumably metal rich stellar
content, the low metallicities of the PN are unexpected, although a similar
situation has been observed in the bulge of M 31.