  The AARTFAAC project aims to implement an All-Sky Monitor (ASM), using the
Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) telescope. It will enable real-time, 24x7
monitoring for low frequency radio transients over most of the sky locally
visible to the LOFAR at timescales ranging from milliseconds to several days,
and rapid triggering of follow-up observations with the full LOFAR on detection
of potential transient candidates. These requirements pose several
implementation challenges: imaging of an all-sky field of view, low latencies
of processing, continuous availability and autonomous operation of the ASM. The
first of these has already resulted in the correlator for the ASM being the
largest in the world in terms of its number of input channels. It will generate
$\sim 1.5 \cdot 10^5$ correlations per second per spectral channel when built.
Test observations using existing LOFAR infrastructure were carried out to
quantify and constrain crucial instrumental design criteria for the ASM. In
this paper, we present an overview of the AARTFAAC data processing pipeline and
illustrate some of the aforementioned challenges by showing all-sky images
obtained from one of the test observations. These results provide quantitative
estimates of the capabilities of the instrument.


  In this paper, we use a group-theoretic approach to give a concrete
description of the geometric structure of the supersingular locus of unitary
Shimura varieties with exotic good reduction. This approach also is a more
uniform way to prove results of this form obtained previously by, for example,
Vollaard-Wedhorn and Rapoport-Terstiege-Wilson.


  Most previous studies integrate cognitive language processing signals (e.g.,
eye-tracking or EEG data) into neural models of natural language processing
(NLP) just by directly concatenating word embeddings with cognitive features,
ignoring the gap between the two modalities (i.e., textual vs. cognitive) and
noise in cognitive features. In this paper, we propose a CogAlign approach to
these issues, which learns to align textual neural representations to cognitive
features. In CogAlign, we use a shared encoder equipped with a modality
discriminator to alternatively encode textual and cognitive inputs to capture
their differences and commonalities. Additionally, a text-aware attention
mechanism is proposed to detect task-related information and to avoid using
noise in cognitive features. Experimental results on three NLP tasks, namely
named entity recognition, sentiment analysis and relation extraction, show that
CogAlign achieves significant improvements with multiple cognitive features
over state-of-the-art models on public datasets. Moreover, our model is able to
transfer cognitive information to other datasets that do not have any cognitive
processing signals.


  Cancer forms a robust system and progresses as stages over time typically
with increasing aggressiveness and worsening prognosis. Characterizing these
stages and identifying the genes driving transitions between them is critical
to understand cancer progression and to develop effective anti-cancer
therapies. Here, we propose a novel model of the 'cancer system' as a Boolean
state space in which a Boolean network, built from protein interaction and
gene-expression data from different stages of cancer, transits between Boolean
satisfiability states by "editing" interactions and "flipping" genes. The
application of our model (called BoolSpace) on three case studies - pancreatic
and breast tumours in human and post spinal-cord injury in rats - reveals
valuable insights into the phenomenon of cancer progression. In particular, we
notice that several of the genes flipped are serine/threonine kinases which act
as natural cellular switches and that different sets of genes are flipped
during the initial and final stages indicating a pattern to tumour progression.
We hypothesize that robustness of cancer partly stems from "passing of the
baton" between genes at different stages, and therefore an effective therapy
should target a "cover set" of these genes. A C/C++ implementation of BoolSpace
is freely available at: http://www.bioinformatics.org.au/tools-data


  We present a self-consistent MHD model for the jet of M87. The model consist
of two distinct zones: an inner relativistic outflow, which we identify with
the observed jet, and an outer cold disk-wind. While the former does not
self-collimate efficiently due to its high effective inertia, the latter
fulfills all the conditions for efficient collimation by the
magneto-centrifugal mechanism. Given the right balance between the effective
inertia of the inner flow and the collimation efficiency of the outer disk
wind, the relativistic flow is magnetically confined into a well collimated
beam for a wide range of parameters and matches the measurements of the opening
angle of M87 over several orders of magnitude in spatial extent.
  In the second part of this work, we present synthetic synchrotron emission
maps for our MHD models. In principle the two-zone model can reproduce the
morphological structure seen in radio observations, as central-peaked profiles
across the jet close the the source, limb-bright further down the jet, and a
bright knot close to the position of HST-1. However it is difficult to
reconcile all features into a single set of parameters.


  In order to combine indoor greenery conservation with Internet of Things
(IOT) Technologies, this paper designs an intelligent household greenhouse
project with the features of comprehensive sensing, reliable transmission and
intelligent processing. Through the analysis of functional requirements of the
intelligent household greenhouse system, an intelligent household greenhouse
system is designed with the functions of greenhouse environmental data
detection, greenhouse environmental control regulation, data remote
transmission and human-computer interaction. Its sensor layer collects
environmental data in real time based on the ZigBee wireless sensor network.
The network layer STM32 intelligent gateway coordinates with network server, so
as to exchange data from sensor layer to application layer, and solve the
problems of non-blocking of data sending and receiving as well as concurrent
requests of multiple mobile terminals. The application layer is designed into
two types. One is a desktop management system as a data storage and analysis
center, and the other is a mobile terminal APP. At the same time, we design a
communication protocol that is applicable to the interaction of the three-layer
structure of the Internet of Things, with the characteristics of simplicity,
stability, readability, and scalability. It can avoid the mutual influence of
multi-level data exchange and ensure the correctness of data circulation. In
the design, the system sensor layer ensures stable transmission of various data
and instructions, and the network layer has a high degree of concurrency and
real time. And various measurement and control data of the sensor layer can
interact with the data of mobile-terminal equipment of the application layer.
The desktop management system and mobile terminal APP can monitor greenhouse
data in real time and control various actuators in the greenhouse.


  It is well established that 'density reconstruction' at the edge of a two
dimensional electron gas takes place for 'hole-conjugate' states in the
fractional quantum Hall effect (such as ${\nu}=2/3, 3/5,$ etc.). Such
reconstruction leads, after equilibration between counter propagating edge
channels, to a downstream chiral current edge mode accompanied by upstream
chiral neutral modes (carrying energy without net charge). Short equilibration
length prevented thus far observation of the counter propagating current
channels - the hallmark of density reconstruction. Here, we provide evidence
for such non-equilibrated counter-propagating current channels, in short
regions $(l=4{\mu}m$ and $l=0.4{\mu}m)$ of fractional filling ${\nu}=2/3$, and,
unexpectedly, ${\nu}=1/3$, sandwiched between two regions of integer filling
${\nu}=1$. Rather than a two-terminal fractional conductance, the conductance
exhibited a significant ascension towards unity quantum conductance
$(G_Q=e^2/h)$ at or near the fractional plateaus. We attribute this conductance
rise to the presence of a non-equilibrated downstream ${\nu}=1$ channel in the
fractional short regions.


  Localization is the problem of estimating the location of an autonomous agent
from an observation and a map of the environment. Traditional methods of
localization, which filter the belief based on the observations, are
sub-optimal in the number of steps required, as they do not decide the actions
taken by the agent. We propose "Active Neural Localizer", a fully
differentiable neural network that learns to localize accurately and
efficiently. The proposed model incorporates ideas of traditional
filtering-based localization methods, by using a structured belief of the state
with multiplicative interactions to propagate belief, and combines it with a
policy model to localize accurately while minimizing the number of steps
required for localization. Active Neural Localizer is trained end-to-end with
reinforcement learning. We use a variety of simulation environments for our
experiments which include random 2D mazes, random mazes in the Doom game engine
and a photo-realistic environment in the Unreal game engine. The results on the
2D environments show the effectiveness of the learned policy in an idealistic
setting while results on the 3D environments demonstrate the model's capability
of learning the policy and perceptual model jointly from raw-pixel based RGB
observations. We also show that a model trained on random textures in the Doom
environment generalizes well to a photo-realistic office space environment in
the Unreal engine.


  Let $p_1,...,p_{s+1}$ be distinct primes and let $T_{p_i}$ be the von Niemann
- Kakutani adding machine $(1 \leq i \leq s)$, $T_{\mathcal{P}}(\mathbf{x})
=(T_{p_1}(x_1),..., T_{p_s}(x_s))$. Let $y_i \in (0,1)$ be a $p_{s+1}$-rational
$(1 \leq i \leq s)$, $\mathbf{1}_{[0,\mathbf{y})}$ the indicator function of
the box $[0,y_1) \times \cdots\times [0,y_s)$. In this paper, we prove the
following central limit theorem: \begin{equation} \nonumber \frac{
\sum_{k=-n}^{n-1} \mathbf{1}_{[0,\mathbf{y})}(T^k_P(\mathbf{x})) -2n y_1
y_2\dots y_s }{\mathcal{H}_N(\mathbf{x}) \log_2^{s/2} N} \;
\stackrel{w}{\longrightarrow} \;\mathcal{N}(0,1), \end{equation} when $n$ is
sampled uniformly from $\{ 1,...,N\}$, $\mathcal{H}_N(\mathbf{x}) \in
[\upsilon_1, \upsilon_2]$ with some $\upsilon_1, \upsilon_2 >0$, for almost all
$\mathbf{x} \in [0,1)^s$.


  Extended superalgebras of types A,B,C, heterotic and type-I are all derived
as solutions to a BPS equation in 14 dimensions with signature ( 11,3). The BPS
equation as well as the solutions are covariant under SO( 11,3). This shows how
supersymmetries with N<=8 in four dimensions have their origin in the same
superalgebra in 14D. The solutions provide different bases for the same
superalgebra in 4D, and the transformations among bases correspond to various
dualities.


  Hall effect measurements in doped polymer semiconductors are widely reported,
but are difficult to interpret due to screening of Hall voltages by carriers
undergoing incoherent transport. Here, we propose a refined analysis for such
Hall measurements, based on measuring the Hall coefficient as a function of
temperature, and modelling carriers as existing in a regime of variable
"deflectability" (i.e. how strongly they "feel" the magnetic part of the
Lorentz force). By linearly interpolating each carrier between the extremes of
no deflection and full deflection, we demonstrate that it is possible to
extract the (time-averaged) concentration of deflectable charge carriers,
$\left<n_d\right>$, the average, temperature-dependent mobility of those
carriers, $\left<\mu_d\right>(T)$, as well as the ratio of conductivity that
comes from such deflectable transport, $d(T)$. Our method was enabled by the
construction of an improved AC Hall measurement system, as well as an improved
data extraction method. We measured Hall bar devices of ion-exchange doped
films of PBTTT-C$_{14}$ from 10--300 K. Our analysis provides evidence for the
proportion of conductivity arising from deflectable transport, $d(T)$,
increasing with doping level, ranging between 15.4% and 16.4% at room
temperature. When compared to total charge-carrier-density estimates from
independent methods, the values of $\left<n_d\right>$ extracted suggest that
carriers spend $\sim$37% of their time of flight being deflectable in the most
highly doped of the devices measured here. The extracted values of $d(T)$ being
less than half this value thus suggest that the limiting factor for
conductivity in such highly doped devices is carrier mobility, rather than
concentration.


  In recent years several hypervelocity stars (HVSs) have been observed in the
halo of our Galaxy. Such HVSs have possibly been ejected from the Galactic
center and then propagated in the Galactic potential up to their current
position. The recent survey for candidate HVSs show an asymmetry in the
kinematics of candidate HVSs (position and velocity vectors), where more
outgoing stars than ingoing stars (i.e. positive Galactocentric velocities vs.
negative ones) are observed. We show that such kinematic asymmetry, which is
likely due to the finite lifetime of the stars and Galactic potential
structure, could be used in a novel method to probe and constrain the Galactic
potential, identify the stellar type of the stars in the survey and estimate
the number of HVSs. Kinematics-independent identification of the stellar types
of the stars in such surveys (e.g. spectroscopic identification) could further
improve these results. We find that the observed asymmetry between ingoing and
outgoing stars favors specific Galactic potential models. It also implies a
lower limit of ~54+-8 main sequence HVSs in the survey sample (>=648+-96 in the
Galaxy), assuming that all of the main sequence stars in the survey originate
from the Galactic center. The other stars in the survey are likely to be hot
blue horizontal branch stars born in the halo rather than stars ejected from
the Galactic center.


  We report on our study of the D meson semileptonic decays in 2+1 flavor
lattice QCD. Gauge ensembles are generated at three lattice cutoffs up to 4.5
GeV and with pion masses as low as 300 MeV. We employ the Moebius domain-wall
fermion action for both light and charm quarks. We report our preliminary
results for the vector and scalar form factors and discuss their dependence on
the momentum transfer, quark masses and lattice spacing.


  We revisit correlations of neutrino oscillation parameters in reactor and
long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. A framework based on an
effective value of $\theta_{13}$ is presented, which can easily reproduce
experimental results. It also clarifies why current and future long-baseline
experiments will have less precision on values around $\delta_{CP} = \pm \pi/2$
than on values around $\delta_{CP} = 0$. Optimization potential for the
determination of the theoretically very interesting values around $\delta_{CP}
= -\pi/2$ is also pointed out, which would require that future runs of
accelerator experiments are not equally shared $1:1$ in neutrino and
antineutrino modes, but rather $2:1$. Recent hints on the CP phase and the mass
ordering are then considered from the point of view that different reactor and
long-baseline neutrino experiments provide currently different best-fit values
of $\theta_{13}$ and $\theta_{23}$. We point out that the significance of the
hints changes for the different available best-fit values.


  Automatic lymph node (LN) segmentation and detection for cancer staging are
critical. In clinical practice, computed tomography (CT) and positron emission
tomography (PET) imaging detect abnormal LNs. Despite its low contrast and
variety in nodal size and form, LN segmentation remains a challenging task.
Deep convolutional neural networks frequently segment items in medical
photographs. Most state-of-the-art techniques destroy image's resolution
through pooling and convolution. As a result, the models provide unsatisfactory
results. Keeping the issues in mind, a well-established deep learning technique
UNet was modified using bilinear interpolation and total generalized variation
(TGV) based upsampling strategy to segment and detect mediastinal lymph nodes.
The modified UNet maintains texture discontinuities, selects noisy areas,
searches appropriate balance points through backpropagation, and recreates
image resolution. Collecting CT image data from TCIA, 5-patients, and ELCAP
public dataset, a dataset was prepared with the help of experienced medical
experts. The UNet was trained using those datasets, and three different data
combinations were utilized for testing. Utilizing the proposed approach, the
model achieved 94.8% accuracy, 91.9% Jaccard, 94.1% recall, and 93.1% precision
on COMBO_3. The performance was measured on different datasets and compared
with state-of-the-art approaches. The UNet++ model with hybridized strategy
performed better than others.


  We consider a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) based on Module-LWE where
reconciliation is performed on the 8-dimensional lattice $E_8$, which admits a
fast CVP algorithm. Our scheme generates 256 bits of key and requires 3 or 4
bits of reconciliation per dimension. We show that it can outperform Kyber in
terms of the modulus q with comparable error probability. We prove that our
protocol is IND-CPA secure and improves the security level of Kyber by 7.3%.


  Network theory is a useful framework for studying interconnected systems of
interacting entities. Many networked systems evolve continuously in time, but
most existing methods for the analysis of time-dependent networks rely on
discrete or discretized time. In this paper, we propose an approach for
studying networks that evolve in continuous time by distinguishing between
\emph{interactions}, which we model as discrete contacts, and \emph{ties},
which encode the strengths of relationships as functions of time. To illustrate
our tie-decay network formalism, we adapt the well-known PageRank centrality
score to our tie-decay framework in a mathematically tractable and
computationally efficient way. We apply this framework to a synthetic example
and then use it to study a network of retweets during the 2012 National Health
Service controversy in the United Kingdom. Our work also provides guidance for
similar generalizations of other tools from network theory to continuous-time
networks with tie decay, including for applications to streaming data.


  The consequences of the Auger effect on the population of heavy element ions
are analyzed for the case of relatively cool gas irradiated by keV X-rays, with
intended applications to the accretion disks of young stellar ob jects. Highly
charged ions are rapidly reduced to the doubly-charged state in neutral gas, so
the aim here is to derive the production rates for these singly- and
doubly-charged ions and to specify their transformation by recombination,
charge transfer, and molecular reactions. The theory is illustrated by
calculations of the abundances of eleven of the most cosmically abundant heavy
elements in a model of a typical T Tauri star disk. The physical properties of
the gas are determined with an X-ray irradiated thermal-chemical model, which
shows that the disk atmosphere consists of a hot atmosphere overlaying the
mainly cool body of the disk. There is a warm transition layer where hydrogen,
carbon and oxygen are transformed from atomic to molecular species and the
ionization drops by several orders of magnitude. The doubly charged ions are
then largely confined to the hot outer layers of the disk. The nature of the
dominant ions below the transition depends sensitively on the poorly
constrained abundances of the heavy elements. Observational consequences and
connections with the active layers of the magneto-rotational instability are
briefly discussed.


  AI-generated media has become a threat to our digital society as we know it.
These forgeries can be created automatically and on a large scale based on
publicly available technology. Recognizing this challenge, academics and
practitioners have proposed a multitude of automatic detection strategies to
detect such artificial media. However, in contrast to these technical advances,
the human perception of generated media has not been thoroughly studied yet.
  In this paper, we aim at closing this research gap. We perform the first
comprehensive survey into people's ability to detect generated media, spanning
three countries (USA, Germany, and China) with 3,002 participants across audio,
image, and text media. Our results indicate that state-of-the-art forgeries are
almost indistinguishable from "real" media, with the majority of participants
simply guessing when asked to rate them as human- or machine-generated. In
addition, AI-generated media receive is voted more human like across all media
types and all countries. To further understand which factors influence people's
ability to detect generated media, we include personal variables, chosen based
on a literature review in the domains of deepfake and fake news research. In a
regression analysis, we found that generalized trust, cognitive reflection, and
self-reported familiarity with deepfakes significantly influence participant's
decision across all media categories.


  We consider a switched (queuing) network in which there are constraints on
which queues may be served simultaneously; such networks have been used to
effectively model input-queued switches and wireless networks. The scheduling
policy for such a network specifies which queues to serve at any point in time,
based on the current state or past history of the system. In the main result of
this paper, we provide a new class of online scheduling policies that achieve
optimal queue-size scaling for a class of switched networks including
input-queued switches. In particular, it establishes the validity of a
conjecture (documented in Shah, Tsitsiklis and Zhong [Queueing Syst. 68 (2011)
375-384]) about optimal queue-size scaling for input-queued switches.


  We present an approach to characterize genuine multiparticle entanglement
using appropriate approximations in the space of quantum states. This leads to
a criterion for entanglement which can easily be calculated using semidefinite
programming and improves all existing approaches significantly. Experimentally,
it can also be evaluated when only some observables are measured. Furthermore,
it results in a computable entanglement monotone for genuine multiparticle
entanglement. Based on this, we develop an analytical approach for the
entanglement detection in cluster states, leading to an exponential improvement
compared with existing schemes.


  GRB satellites are relatively inefficient detectors of dim hard bursts
because they trigger on photon counts, which are number-biased against hard
photons. Therefore, for example, given two bursts of identical peak luminosity
near the detection threshold, a dim soft burst will be preferentially detected
over a dim hard burst. This detector bias can create or skew an apparent
correlation where increasingly hard GRBs appear increasingly bright. Although
such correlations may be obfuscated by a middle step where GRBs need to be
bright enough to have their actual redshifts determined, it is found that the
bias is generally pervasive. This result is derived here through simulations
convolving a wide variety of possible GRB brightnesses and spectra with the
BATSE Large Area Detectors (LAD) detection thresholds. The presented analyses
indicate that the rest-frame $\nu F_{\nu}$ spectrum peak energy of
long-duration GRBs, $\epi$, is not a good cosmological standard candle without
significant corrections for selection effects. Therefore, the appearance of
$\epi$ in seeming correlations such as the Amati ($E_{iso}-\epi$), Ghirlanda
($E_{\gamma}-\epi$), and $L_{iso}-\epi$ relations is statistically real but
strongly influenced by so far uncalibrated GRB detector thresholds.


  We classify real families of minimal degree rational curves that cover an
embedded rational surface. A corollary is that if the projective closure of a
smooth surface is not biregular isomorphic to the projective closure of the
unit-sphere, then the set of minimal degree rational curves that cover the
surface is either empty or of dimension at most two. Moreover, if these curves
are of minimal degree over the real numbers, but not over the complex numbers,
then almost all the curves are smooth. Our methods lead to an algorithm that
takes as input a real surface parametrization and outputs all real families of
rational curves of lowest possible degree that cover the image surface.


  We compare the results of our two papers with the results of the paper Aratyn
H., Gomes J.F., Zimerman A.H., Higher order Painlev\'e equations and their
symmetries via reductions of a class of integrable models, J. Phys. A: Math.
Theor., V. 44} (2011), Art. No. 235202.


  We report on experimental tests of the trend of random laserlinewidth versus
pumping power as predicted by an Haus master equation that is formally
identical to the one-dimensional Gross- Pitaevskii equation in an harmonic
potential. Experiments are done by employing picosecond pumped dispersions of
Titaniumdioxide particles in dye-doped methanol. The derivation of the master
equations is also detailed and shown to be in agreement with experiments
analytically predicting the value of the threshold linewidth.


  What is the first prime? It seems that the number two should be the obvious
answer, and today it is, but it was not always so. There were times when and
mathematicians for whom the numbers one and three were acceptable answers. To
find the first prime, we must also know what the first positive integer is.
Surprisingly, with the definitions used at various times throughout history,
one was often not the first positive integer (some started with two, and a few
with three). In this article, we survey the history of the primality of one,
from the ancient Greeks to modern times. We will discuss some of the reasons
definitions changed, and provide several examples. We will also discuss the
last significant mathematicians to list the number one as prime.


  In this talk I discuss the use of a relic neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry in
suppressing active-sterile neutrino oscillations in the early universe. This
phenomenon can serve to greatly loosen the well known Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
constraints on active-sterile neutrino mixing, and is thus important in some
proposed solutions to the solar and atmospheric neutrino anomalies which employ
large-angle active-sterile mixing. I first discuss the necessary conditions for
the survival of a pre-existing neutrino asymmetry. I then consider the much
more interesting phenomenon whereby such an asymmetry can actually be created
by active-sterile neutrino oscillations.


  We consider effective theories with massive fields that have spins larger
than or equal to two. We conjecture a universal cutoff scale on any such theory
that depends on the lightest mass of such fields. This cutoff corresponds to
the mass scale of an infinite tower of states, signalling the breakdown of the
effective theory. The cutoff can be understood as the Weak Gravity Conjecture
applied to the St\"uckelberg gauge field in the mass term of the high spin
fields. A strong version of our conjecture applies even if the graviton itself
is massive, so to massive gravity. We provide further evidence for the
conjecture from string theory.


  We propose a protocol for entanglement swapping which involves tripartite
systems. The generation of remote entanglement induced by the Bell measurement
can be easily certified by additional local measurements. We illustrate the
protocol in the case of continuous variable systems where the certification is
effective for an appropriate class of three-mode Gaussian states. We then apply
the protocol to optomechanical systems, showing how mechanical entanglement
between two remote micromechanical resonators can be generated and certified
via local optical measurements.


  Structure encoding has proven to be the key feature to distinguishing links
in a graph. However, Structure encoding in the temporal graph keeps changing as
the graph evolves, repeatedly computing such features can be time-consuming due
to the high-order subgraph construction. We develop the Co-Neighbor Encoding
Schema (CNES) to address this issue. Instead of recomputing the feature by the
link, CNES stores information in the memory to avoid redundant calculations.
Besides, unlike the existing memory-based dynamic graph learning method that
stores node hidden states, we introduce a hashtable-based memory to compress
the adjacency matrix for efficient structure feature construction and updating
with vector computation in parallel. Furthermore, CNES introduces a
Temporal-Diverse Memory to generate long-term and short-term structure encoding
for neighbors with different structural information. A dynamic graph learning
framework, Co-Neighbor Encoding Network (CNE-N), is proposed using the
aforementioned techniques. Extensive experiments on thirteen public datasets
verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.


  MPC-in-the-Head (MitH) is a general framework that allows constructing
efficient Zero Knowledge protocols for general NP-relations from secure
multiparty computation (MPC) protocols. In this paper we give the first
machine-checked implementation of this transformation. We begin with an
EasyCrypt formalization of MitH that preserves the modular structure of MitH
and can be instantiated with arbitrary MPC protocols that satisfy standard
notions of security, which allows us to leverage an existing machine-checked
secret-sharing-based MPC protocol development. The resulting concrete ZK
protocol is proved secure and correct in EasyCrypt. Using a recently developed
code extraction mechanism for EasyCrypt we synthesize a formally verified
implementation of the protocol, which we benchmark to get an indication of the
overhead associated with our formalization choices and code extraction
mechanism.


  We present the first space VLBI observations of 3C~371, carried out at a
frequency of 4.8 GHz. The combination of the high resolution provided by the
orbiting antenna Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy
(HALCA) and the high sensitivity of the VLBA allows imaging of the jet of
3C~371 with an angular resolution of approximately 0.26 mas, which for this
relatively nearby source corresponds to $\sim$ 0.4 h$^{-1}$ pc. Comparison
between two epochs separated by 66 days reveals no apparent motions in the
inner 7 mas jet structure above an upper limit of $\sim 1.4 h^{-1}$ c. This
value, the absence of detectable counterjet emission from the presumably
symmetric jet, plus the presence of extended double-lobe structure, are
consistent with the knots in the jet being stationary features such as standing
shocks. The jet intensity declines with the angular distance from the core as
$\phi^{-1.68}$. This is more gradual than that derived for 3C~120,
$\phi^{-1.86}$, for which there is evidence for strong intereactions between
the jet and ambient medium. This suggests that in 3C~371 there is a greater
level of {\it in situ} acceleration of electrons and amplification of magnetic
field. We interpret sharp bends in the jet at sites of off-center knots as
further evidence for the interaction between the jet and external medium, which
may also be responsible for the generation of standing recollimation shocks.
These recollimation shocks may be responsible for the presumably stationary
components. The radio properties of 3C~371 are intermediate between those of
other radio galaxies with bright cores and those of BL Lacertae objects.


  Vehicular cloud (VC) is a promising technology for processing
computation-intensive applications (CI-Apps) on smart vehicles. Implementing
VCs over the network edge faces two key challenges: (C1) On-board computing
resources of a single vehicle are often insufficient to process a CI-App; (C2)
The dynamics of available resources, caused by vehicles' mobility, hinder
reliable CI-App processing. This work is among the first to jointly address
(C1) and (C2), while considering two common CI-App graph representations,
directed acyclic graph (DAG) and undirected graph (UG). To address (C1), we
consider partitioning a CI-App with $m$ dependent (sub-)tasks into $k\le m$
groups, which are dispersed across vehicles. To address (C2), we introduce a
generalized reliability metric called conditional mean time to failure
(C-MTTF). Subsequently, we increase the C-MTTF of dependent sub-tasks
processing via introducing a general framework of redundancy-based processing
of dependent sub-tasks over semi-dynamic VCs (RP-VC). We demonstrate that RP-VC
can be modeled as a non-trivial semi-Markov process (SMP). To analyze this SMP
model and its reliability, we develop a novel mathematical framework, called
event stochastic algebra ($\langle e\rangle$-algebra). Based on $\langle
e\rangle$-algebra, we propose decomposition theorem (DT) to transform the
presented SMP to a decomposed SMP (D-SMP). We subsequently calculate the C-MTTF
of our methodology. We demonstrate that $\langle e\rangle$-algebra and DT are
general mathematical tools that can be used to analyze other cloud-based
networks. Simulation results reveal the exactness of our analytical results and
the efficiency of our methodology in terms of acceptance and success rates of
CI-App processing.


  We propose an FDTD scheme based on Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions
(GSTCs) for the simulation of polychromatic, nonlinear and space-time varying
metasurfaces. This scheme consists in placing the metasurface at virtual nodal
plane introduced between regular nodes of the staggered Yee grid and inserting
fields determined by GSTCs in this plane in the standard FDTD algorithm. The
resulting update equations are an elegant generalization of the standard FDTD
equations. Indeed, in the limiting case of a null surface susceptibility
($\chi_\text{surf}=0$), they reduce to the latter, while in the next limiting
case of a time-invariant metasurface
$[\chi_\text{surf}\neq\chi_\text{surf}(t)]$, they split in two terms, one
corresponding to the standard equations for a one-cell ($\Delta x$) thick slab
with volume susceptibility ($\chi$), corresponding to a diluted approximation
($\chi=\chi_\text{surf}/(2\Delta x)$) of the zero-thickness target metasurface,
and the other transforming this slab in a real (zero-thickness) metasurface.
The proposed scheme is fully numerical and very easy to implement. Although it
is explicitly derived for a monoisotropic metasurface, it may be
straightforwardly extended to the bianisotropic case. Except for some
particular case, it is not applicable to dispersive metasurfaces, for which an
efficient Auxiliary Different Equation (ADE) extension of the scheme is
currently being developed by the authors. The scheme is validated and
illustrated by five representative examples.


  Faraday waves (FWs), or surface waves oscillating at half of the natural
frequency when a liquid is vertically vibrated, are archetypes of ordering
transitions on liquid surfaces. The existence of unbounded FW-patterns
sustained upon bulk frictional stresses has been evidenced in highly viscous
fluids. However, the role of surface rigidity has not been investigated so far.
Here, we demonstrate that dynamically frozen FWs that we call 2D-hydrodynamic
crystals do appear as ordered patterns of nonlinear surface modes in water
surfaces functionalized with soluble (bio)surfactants endowing in-plane shear
stiffness. The strong phase coherence in conjunction with the increased surface
rigidity bear the FW-ordering transition, upon which the hydrodynamic crystals
were reversibly molded by parametric control of their degree of order. Crystal
symmetry and unit cell size were tuned depending on the FW-dispersion regime.
The hydrodynamic crystals here discovered could be exploited in touchless
strategies of soft matter scaffolding. Particularly, the surface-directed
synthesis of structured materials based on colloids or polymers and cell
culture patterns for tissue engineering could be ameliorated under external
control of FW-coherence


  The mission EXCEDE (EXoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk
Explorer), selected by NASA for technology development, is designed to study
the formation, evolution and architectures of exoplanetary systems and
characterize circumstellar environments into stellar habitable zones. It is
composed of a 0.7 m telescope equipped with a Phase-Induced Amplitude
Apodization Coronagraph (PIAA-C) and a 2000-element MEMS deformable mirror,
capable of raw contrasts of 1e-6 at 1.2 lambda/D and 1e-7 above 2 lambda/D. One
of the key challenges to achieve those contrasts is to remove low-order
aberrations, using a Low-Order WaveFront Sensor (LOWFS). An experiment
simulating the starlight suppression system is currently developed at NASA Ames
Research Center, and includes a LOWFS controlling tip/tilt modes in real time
at 500 Hz. The LOWFS allowed us to reduce the tip/tilt disturbances to 1e-3
lambda/D rms, enhancing the previous contrast by a decade, to 8e-7 between 1.2
and 2 lambda/D. A Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is currently
implemented to improve even more that result by reducing residual vibrations.
This testbed shows that a good knowledge of the low-order disturbances is a key
asset for high contrast imaging, whether for real-time control or for post
processing.


  The narrow dip observed at 1.9 GeV/c$^2$ by the Fermilab experiment E687 in
diffractive photoproduction of $~3\pi^+3\pi^-$ is examined. The E687 data are
refitted, a mechanism is proposed to explain why this resonance appears as a
dip, and possible interpretations are discussed.


  Acquiring downlink channel state information (CSI) at the base station is
vital for optimizing performance in massive Multiple input multiple output
(MIMO) Frequency-Division Duplexing (FDD) systems. While deep learning
architectures have been successful in facilitating UE-side CSI feedback and
gNB-side recovery, the undersampling issue prior to CSI feedback is often
overlooked. This issue, which arises from low density pilot placement in
current standards, results in significant aliasing effects in outdoor channels
and consequently limits CSI recovery performance. To this end, this work
introduces a new CSI upsampling framework at the gNB as a post-processing
solution to address the gaps caused by undersampling. Leveraging the physical
principles of discrete Fourier transform shifting theorem and multipath
reciprocity, our framework effectively uses uplink CSI to mitigate aliasing
effects. We further develop a learning-based method that integrates the
proposed algorithm with the Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm Net
(ISTA-Net) architecture, enhancing our approach for non-uniform sampling
recovery. Our numerical results show that both our rule-based and deep learning
methods significantly outperform traditional interpolation techniques and
current state-of-the-art approaches in terms of performance.


  We demonstrate the appearance of unexpected reflection resonances in
corrugated dielectric waveguides. These are due to the curvature of the
boundary. The effect is as strong as the ordinary Bragg resonances, and reduces
the transmission through our waveguide by 20%. It is thus of high relevance for
the design of optimized waveguiding structures. We validate our analytical
predictions based on coupled mode theory by a comparison to numerical
simulations.


  Context. The two nuclei of the starburst galaxy Arp220 contain multiple
compact radio sources previously identified as radio supernovae or supernova
remnants. Aims. In order to search for an embedded radio AGN, or other possible
exotic objects, we have carried out a program of VLBI monitoring at 6 cm over
three epochs each separated by four months. Methods. Combining the new data
with existing data at 6 cm and 18 cm (spanning 4 and 12 years respectively) we
are able to characterise source flux density variability on a range of
time-scales. Additionally we analyse the variability of sources in shape and
position. Results. We detect rapid (< 4 months) variability in three sources
(W7, W26 and W29). These sources show possible superluminal motion (> 4c) of
jet-like features near rapidly varying almost stationary components. These
enigmatic sources might be associated with an AGN or a highly beamed
microquasar (i.e. microblazar). Other hypotheses include that the apparent
variability is intrinsic and is produced by neutron star powered central
components within a supernova remnant, by a sequence of several supernovae
within super star clusters, or is extrinsic and is produced by Galactic
interstellar scintillation of very compact non-varying objects. Conclusions. A
microquasar/microblazar origin seems to be the best explanation for the nature
of the variable sources in Arp220.


  We analyze from the dynamical point of view the classical characteristics of
the Topological Non-connectivity Threshold (TNT), recently introduced in
F.Borgonovi, G.L.Celardo, M.Maianti, E.Pedersoli, J.Stat.Phys.,116,516(2004).
This shows interesting connections among Topology, Dynamics, and
Thermo-Statistics of ferro/paramagnetic phase transition in classical spin
systems, due to the combined effect of anisotropy and long-range interactions.


  With the increasing development of laser accelerators, the electron energy is
already beyond GeV and even higher in near future. Conventional beam dump based
on ionization or radiation loss mechanism is cumbersome and costly, also has
radiological hazards. We revisit the stopping power of high-energy charged
particles in matter and discuss the associated problem of beam dump from the
point of view of collective deceleration. The collective stopping length in an
ionized gas can be several orders of magnitude shorter than the Bethe-Bloch and
multiple electromagnetic cascades' stopping length in solid. At the mean time,
the tenuous density of the gas makes the radioactivation negligible. Such a
compact and non-radioactivating beam dump works well for short and dense
bunches, which is typically generated from laser wakefield accelerator.


  The well-known Worpitzky identity provides a connection between two bases of
$\mathbb{Q}[x]$: The standard basis $(x+1)^n$ and the binomial basis ${{x+n-i}
\choose {n}}$, where the Eulerian numbers for the Coxeter group of type $A$
(the symmetric group) serve as the entries of the transformation matrix. Brenti
has generalized this identity to the Coxeter groups of types $B$ and $D$
(signed and even-signed permutations groups, respectively) using generating
function techniques.
  Motivated by Foata-Sch\"utzenberger and Rawlings' proof for the Worpitzky
identity in the symmetric group, we provide combinatorial proofs of this
identity and for their $q-$analogues in the Coxeter groups of types $B$ and
$D$.


  We extend Igusa's map $\rho$ to modular forms which vanish on the
hyperelliptic locus of the Siegel upper half-plane. The lowest non-vanishing
derivatives of such modular forms are computed with the help of the general
Thomae formula, they serve as vector-valued modular forms. This approach is
illustrated by examples in genera $3$ and $4$.


  We consider the semilinear damped wave equation $\partial_{tt}^2
u(x,t)+\gamma(x)\partial_t u(x,t)=\Delta u(x,t)-\alpha u(x,t)-f(x,u(x,t))$. In
this article, we obtain the first results concerning the stabilization of this
semilinear equation in cases where $\gamma$ does not satisfy the geometric
control condition. When some of the geodesic rays are trapped, the
stabilization of the linear semigroup is semi-uniform in the sense that
$\|e^{At}A^{-1}\|\leq h(t)$ for some function $h$ with $h(t)\rightarrow 0$ when
$t\rightarrow +\infty$. We provide general tools to deal with the semilinear
stabilization problem in the case where $h(t)$ has a sufficiently fast decay.


  In this short note we study uniform approximations to the normal
distributions by Jacobi theta functions. We shall show that scaled theta
functions approach to a normal distribution exponentially fast.


  Let $FH$ be a supersolvable Frobenius group with kernel $F$ and complement
$H$. Suppose that a finite group $G$ admits $FH$ as a group of automorphisms in
such a manner that $C_G(F)=1$ and $C_{G}(H)$ is nilpotent of class $c$. We show
that $G$ is nilpotent of $(c,\left|FH\right|)$-bounded class.


  We study the effect of non-relativistic, thermal matter in the jets of active
galaxies (AGN) on the low-frequency non-thermal emission and the variability
thereof. In matter-dominated jets, sizable quantities of gas should exist, in
particular in the compression zones near the collision fronts that are an
implicit ingredient of Fermi-type particle acceleration scenarios.
Non-relativistic thermal gas in AGN jets noticably contributes to the optical
depth at radio to infrared frequencies, and much less to the emission, with an
efficiency that is strongly temperature-dependent. The observable flux of
low-frequency emission is thus modulated by the temperature evolution of the
thermal gas, and it can therefore display very complicated variability. For a
particular particle energisation scenario we calculate the temperature
evolution of the thermal plasma as well as the radiation transport of
low-frequency emission, and thus derive simulated light curves at different
frequencies and their typical correlation properties.


  The heavy quark effective field theory Lagrangian is renormalized to order
1/m^2. Our technique eliminates operators that vanish by the equation of motion
by continuously redefining the heavy quark fields during renormalization. It is
consequently only necessary to calculate the running of the operators that do
not vanish by the equation of motion. Our results are found to be consistent
with reparameterization invariance.


  Due to the large-period superlattices emerging in moir\'e two-dimensional
(2D) materials, electronic states in such systems exhibit low energy flat bands
that can be used to simulate strongly correlated physics in a highly tunable
setup. While many investigations have thus far focused on moir\'e flat bands
and emergent correlated electron physics in triangular, honeycomb and
quasi-one-dimensional lattices, tunable moir\'e realizations of square lattices
subject to strong correlations remain elusive. Here we propose a feasible
scheme to construct moire square lattice systems by twisting two layers of 2D
materials in a rectangular lattice by 90 degrees. We demonstrate such scheme
with twisted Ge/SnX (X=S,Se) moir\'e superlattices and theoretical calculate
their electronic structures from first principles. We show that the lowest
conduction flat band in these systems can be described by a square lattice
Hubbard model with parameters which can be controlled by varying the choice of
host materials, number of layers, and external electric fields. In particular,
twisted double bilayer GeSe realizes a square lattice Hubbard model with strong
frustration due to the next nearest neighbour hopping that could lead to
unconventional superconductivity, in close analogy to the Hubbard model for
copper-oxygen planes of cuprate high-temperature superconductors. The basic
concept of using 90-degree twisted 2D materials with rectangular unit cell to
realize the square lattice Hubbard model works in general and therefore we
establish those systems as tunable platforms to simulate correlation physics in
such a geometries.


  We develop NetCov, the first tool to reveal which network configuration lines
are being tested by a suite of network tests. It helps network engineers
improve test suites and thus increase network reliability. A key challenge in
its development is that many network tests test the data plane instead of
testing the configurations (control plane) directly. We must be able to
efficiently infer which configuration elements contribute to tested data plane
elements, even when such contributions are non-local (on remote devices) or
non-deterministic. NetCov uses an information flow graph based model that
precisely captures various forms of contributions and a scalable method to
lazily infer contributions. Using it, we show that an existing test suite for
Internet2 (a nation-wide backbone network in the USA) covers only 26% of the
configuration lines. The feedback from NetCov makes it easy to define new tests
that improve coverage. For Internet2, adding just three such tests covers an
additional 17% of the lines.


  We prove the weak functoriality of (big) Cohen-Macaulay algebras, which
controls the whole skein of "homological conjectures" in commutative algebra
[H1][HH2].
  Namely, for any local homomorphism $ R\to R'$ of complete local domains,
there exists a compatible homomorphism between some Cohen-Macaulay $R$-algebra
and some Cohen-Macaulay $R'$-algebra.
  When $R$ contains a field, this is already known [[3.9]{HH2}]. When $R$ is of
mixed characteristic, our strategy of proof is reminiscent of G. Dietz's
refined treatment [D] of weak functoriality of Cohen-Macaulay algebras in
characteristic $p$; in fact, developing a "tilting argument" due to K.
Shimomoto, we combine the perfectoid techniques of [A1][A2] with Dietz's
result.


  This article is a continuation of our previous work (Phys. Rev. A 88, 032511
(2013)). The prefactors for the partial-wave expansion of the helium atom are
derived. Due to series of cancellations, the partial-wave increments of the
energy converge as $L^{-2N-6}$. The origin of these cancellations is identified
from alternative expressions of the partial-wave energies. There is some
evidence that the assumptions of regularities for the exact wavefunction can be
reduced.


  In 1960, Sobolev proved that for a finite reflection group G, a G-invariant
cubature formula is of degree t if and only if it is exact for all G-invariant
polynomials of degree at most t. In this paper, we find some observations on
invariant cubature formulas and Euclidean designs in connection with the
Sobolev theorem. First, we give an alternative proof of theorems by Xu (1998)
on necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of cubature formulas
with some strong symmetry. The new proof is shorter and simpler compared to the
original one by Xu, and moreover gives a general interpretation of the
analytically-written conditions of Xu's theorems. Second, we extend a theorem
by Neumaier and Seidel (1988) on Euclidean designs to invariant Euclidean
designs, and thereby classify tight Euclidean designs obtained from unions of
the orbits of the corner vectors. This result generalizes a theorem of Bajnok
(2007) which classifies tight Euclidean designs invariant under the Weyl group
of type B to other finite reflection groups.


  The ability of the Gogny forces of the D1 family to describe the
nucleon-nucleus scattering is studied. To this end, we use an optical model
potential built up using a semi-microscopic nuclear matter approach. The real
and imaginary parts of the optical model are provided by the first and
second-order terms, respectively, of the Taylor expansion of the mass operator
calculated within the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock method using the reaction G-matrix
built up with the effective Gogny force instead of a microscopic interaction.
The optical potential in finite nuclei is obtained through the Local Density
Approximation using the neutron and proton densities provided by a quasi-local
Hartree-Fock calculation with the same Gogny force for the sake of consistency.
A reasonable good agreement is found between the theoretical differential
cross-sections and the analyzing powers of the elastic neutron and proton
scattering along the periodic table from Ca to Pb calculated with the Gogny
forces and the corresponding values predicted by the global phenomenological
potential of Koning and Delaroche. To investigate the limits of the
approximations used in this work, comparisons with the results of
nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering in $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca obtained using
the Nuclear Structure Model are also performed.


  Motivated by the recent argument that in the TeV-scale gravity
trans-Planckian domains of spacetime as effective naked singularities would be
generated by high-energy particle (and black-hole) collisions, we investigate
the quantum particle creation by naked-singularity formation in general
dimensions. Background spacetime is simply modeled by the self-similar Vaidya
solution, describing the spherical collapse of a null dust fluid. In a generic
case the emission power is found to be proportional to the quadratic inverse of
the remaining time to a Cauchy horizon, as known in four dimensions. On the
other hand, the power is proportional to the quartic inverse for a critical
case in which the Cauchy horizon is `degenerate'. According to these results,
we argue that the backreaction of the particle creation to gravity will be
important in particle collisions, in contrast to the gravitational collapse of
massive stellar objects, since the bulk of energy is carried away by the
quantum radiation even if a quantum gravitational effect cutoff the radiation
just before the appearance of naked singularity.


  Emergency response applications for nuclear or radiological events can be
significantly improved via deep feature learning due to the hidden complexity
of the data and models involved. In this paper we present a novel methodology
for rapid source estimation during radiological releases based on deep feature
extraction and weather clustering. Atmospheric dispersions are then calculated
based on identified predominant weather patterns and are matched against
simulated incidents indicated by radiation readings on the ground. We evaluate
the accuracy of our methods over multiple years of weather reanalysis data in
the European region. We juxtapose these results with deep classification
convolution networks and discuss advantages and disadvantages.


  After reminding what coherences spaces are and how they interpret linear
logic, we define a modality "flag" in the category of coherence spaces (or
hypercoherences) with two inverse linear (iso)morphisms: "duplication" from
(flag A) to ((flag A) < (flag A)) and "contraction" in the opposite direction
-- where < is the self dual and non-commutative connective known as "before" in
pomset logic and known as "seq(ential)" in the deep inference system (S)BV. In
addition, as expected, the coherence space A is a retract of its modal image
(flag A). This suggests an intuitive interpretation of (flag A) as "repeatedly
A" or as "A at any instant" when "before" is given a temporal interpretation.
We hope the semantic construction of flag(A) will help to design proof rules
for "flag" and we briefly discuss this at the end of the paper.


  We propose the idea that in Bohmian mechanics the wavefunction is related to
a density of states and explore some of its consequences. Specifically, it
allows a maximum-entropy interpretation of quantum probabilities, which creates
a stronger link between it and statistical mechanics. The proposed approach
also allows a range of extensions of the guidance condition in Bohmian
mechanics.


  Two parametrizations for second order velocity moments, the Batchelor
parametrization for the r-space structure function and a common parametrization
for the energy spectrum, $E(p)\propto p^{-5/3}\exp(-p/p_d)$, are examined and
compared. In particular, we investigate corrections to the local scaling
exponents induced by finite size effects. The behavior of local r-- and
p--space exponents differs dramatically. The Batchelor type parametrization
leads to energy pileups in p-space at the ends of the ISR. These bottleneck
effects result in an extended r-space scaling range, comparable to experimental
ones for the same Taylor-Reynolds number $\rel$. Shear effects are discussed in
terms of (global) apparent scaling correction $\delta\zeta^{app}$ to classical
scaling. The scaling properties of $\delta\zeta^{app}(\rel )$ differ not only
among the parametrizations considered, but also among r-- and p--space for a
{\it given} parametrization. The difference can be traced back to the
subtleties of the crossovers in the velocity moments. Our observations
emphasize the need for more experimental information on crossovers between
different subranges.


  In an age of media saturation, how can astronomers succeed in grabbing the
public's attention to increase awareness and understanding of astronomy? Here I
discuss some creative alternatives to press releases, public lectures,
television programs, books, magazine articles, and other traditional ways of
bringing astronomy to a wide audience. By thinking outside the box and
employing novel tools - from truly terrible sci-fi movies, to modern
Stonehenges, to music from the stars - astronomers are finding effective new
ways of communicating the wonders of the universe to people of all ages.


  The optical properties of PT-symmetric epsilonnear-zero (ENZ) periodic stack
of the layers with balanced loss and gain have been examined. The effect of
periodicity on the unidirectional tunneling phenomenon and symmetry breaking is
determined. The performed analysis provides insight in the main features of the
second harmonic (SH) generation by the ENZ PTsymmetric periodic structure.


  We investigate the combined influence of a magnetic field and a harmonic
interparticle interaction on the thermodynamic properties of a finite number of
spin polarized fermions in a confiment potential. This study is an extension
using our path integral approach of symmetrized density matrices for identical
particles. The thermodynamical properties are calculated for a three
dimensional model of N harmonically interacting spin polarized fermions in a
parabolic potential well in the presence of a magnetic field. The free energy
and the internal energy are obtained for a limited number of particles.
Deviations from the thermodynamical limit become negligible for about 100 or
more particles, but even for a smaller number of fermions present in the well,
scaling relations similar to those of the continuum approximation to the
density of states are already satisfied.


  The weak decay of the kaon to two pions is studied within the NJL Model.
Using the standard effective weak Hamiltonian, both the decay amplitude arising
from an intermediate state \sigma-meson and the direct decay amplitude are
calculated. The effect of final state interactions is also included. When the
matching scale is chosen such that the decay amplitude with isospin I=2 is
close to its experimental value, the \sigma-meson contributes more than 85% of
the total I=0 amplitude. This supports recent suggestions that the \sigma-meson
should play a vital role in explaining the \Delta I= 1/2 rule in this system.


  We present an exact solution of Einstein's field equations in toroidal
coordinates. The solution has three regions: an interior with a string equation
of state; an Israel boundary layer; an exterior with constant isotropic
pressure and constant density, locally isometric to anti-de Sitter spacetime.
The exterior can be a cosmological vacuum with negative cosmological constant.
The size and mass of the toroidal loop depend on the size of the cosmological
constant.


  Pebble bed reactor (PBR) relying on TRISO-fueled pebbles is one of the most
promising Gen-IV reactor designs because of intrinsic safety and thermal
efficiency. Fuel pebbles flow through PBR's core and the identification of
individual pebbles exiting the core will be beneficial to improve safeguards
and fuel management. We propose a pebble identification method that is fast,
accurate, robust, and applicable to PBRs containing hundreds of thousands of
pebbles. The identification relies on the internal distribution of TRISO fuel
particles, which is a unique feature of each pebble. We experimentally
demonstrated that X-ray CT can extract the particle distribution with high
accuracy. We then applied the algorithm to identify a single pebble in a data
set of 100,000 pebbles achieving 100% identification accuracy in 90,000 tests
with the presence of arbitrary rotations and measurement noises. The average
time to identify one pebble is below 50 s, compatible with PBR operation.


  The correlation function in quantum systems plays a vital role in decoding
their properties and gaining insights into physical phenomena. Its
interpretation corresponds to the propagation of particle excitations between
space-time, similar in spirit to the idea of quantum weak measurement in terms
of recording the system information by interaction. By defining weak-valued
correlation function, we propose the basic insights and the universal methods
for recording them on the apparatus through weak measurement. To demonstrate
the feasibility of our approach, we perform numerical experiments of perturbed
quantum harmonic oscillators, addressing the intricate interplay between the
coupling strength and the number of ensemble copies. Additionally, we extend
our protocol to the domain of quantum field theory, where joint weak values
encode crucial information about the correlation function. Hopefully, this
comprehensive investigation can advance our understanding of the fundamental
nature of the correlation function and weak measurement in quantum theories.


  Recently, an approach to modeling portfolio distribution with risk factors
distributed as Gram-Charlier (GC) expansions of the Gaussian law, has been
conceived. GC expansions prove effective when dealing with moderately
leptokurtic data. In order to cover the case of possibly severe leptokurtosis,
the so-called GC-like expansions have been devised by reshaping parent
leptokurtic distributions by means of orthogonal polynomials specific to them.
In this paper, we focus on the hyperbolic-secant (HS) law as parent
distribution whose GC-like expansions fit with kurtosis levels up to 19.4. A
portfolio distribution has been obtained with risk factors modeled as GClike
expansions of the HS law which duly account for excess kurtosis. Empirical
evidence of the workings of the approach dealt with in the paper is included.


  Some observations are made about energy-time uncertainty and spin in the
context of trajectories as in Faraggi-Matone or Floyd.


  It has been conjectured in numerous physics papers that in ordinary
first-passage percolation on integer lattices, the fluctuation exponent $\chi$
and the wandering exponent $\xi$ are related through the universal relation
$\chi=2\xi -1$, irrespective of the dimension. This is sometimes called the KPZ
relation between the two exponents. This article gives a rigorous proof of this
conjecture assuming that the exponents exist in a certain sense.


  In this paper, narrowband emitters have been designed using particle swarm
optimization (PSO) in the 10-20 {\mu}m infrared range. The device structure
consists of an anisotropic {\alpha}-MoO3 layer combined with the one- and
two-dimensional guided-mode resonance structures. Well-defined absorption lines
are present in the reflection spectrum for both TE and TM polarizations,
thereby yielding narrowband emissivity at desired wavelengths. The band
structure of the designed emitters under TM polarization demonstrates distinct
features unlike its TE counterpart. These features are attributed to the
interaction between guided-mode resonances and phonon polaritons. The results
are relevant for applications in active and passive photonic elements in mid-
and long-wave IR bands.


  We prove existence and smoothness of the density of the solution to a
nonlinear stochastic heat equation on $L^2(\mathcal{O})$ (evaluated at fixed
points in time and space), where $\mathcal{O}$ is an open bounded domain in
$\mathbb{R}^d$. The equation is driven by an additive Wiener noise and the
nonlinear drift term is the superposition operator associated to a real
function which is assumed to be (maximal) monotone, continuously
differentiable, and growing not faster than a polynomial. The proof uses tools
of the Malliavin calculus combined with methods coming from the theory of
maximal monotone operators.


  Results from the All-Sky Monitor (ASM) on the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer are
reviewed. A number of recurrent transient sources have been detected, while
only a few previously unreported sources have been discovered. The ASM light
curves show a wide variety of phenomena in general, and, in particular, those
of transient sources show a wide range of properties. Examples are used to
illustrate that the distinction between persistent and transient sources may be
very unclear. The results of searches for periodicities in the ASM light curves
are summarized, and other astrophysical investigations using ASM light curves
are suggested. The latter include investigations of the possible causes of
long-term quasiperiodic and chaotic variability, and comparative studies on the
basis of the observed variability.


  We report astrometric observations of H2O masers around the red supergiant VY
Canis Majoris (VY CMa) carried out with VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry
(VERA). Based on astrometric monitoring for 13 months, we successfully measured
a trigonometric parallax of 0.88 +/- 0.08 mas, corresponding to a distance of
1.14 +0.11/-0.09 kpc. This is the most accurate distance to VY CMa and the
first one based on an annual parallax measurement. The luminosity of VY CMa has
been overestimated due to a previously accepted distance. With our result, we
re-estimate the luminosity of VY CMa to be (3 +/- 0.5) x 10^5 L_sun using the
bolometric flux integrated over optical and IR wavelengths. This improved
luminosity value makes location of VY CMa on the Hertzsprung-Russel (HR)
diagram much closer to the theoretically allowable zone (i.e. the left side of
the Hayashi track) than previous ones, though uncertainty in the effective
temperature of the stellar surface still does not permit us to make a final
conclusion.


  The fundamental mode of rotation in quantum fluids is given by a vortex,
whose quantized value yields the orbital angular momentum (OAM) per particle.
If the vortex is displaced (off-centered) from the reference point for
rotation, the angular momentum is reduced and becomes fractional. Such
displaced vortices can further exhibit a peculiar dynamics in presence of
confining potentials or couplings to other fields. We study analytically a
number of 2D systems where displaced vortices exhibit a noteworthy dynamics,
including time-varying self-sustained oscillation of the OAM, complex reshaping
of their morphology with possible creation of vortex-antivortex pairs and
peculiar trajectories for the vortex core with sequences of strong
accelerations and decelerations which can even send the core to infinity and
bring it back. Interestingly, these do not have to occur conjointly, with
complex time dynamics of the vortex core and/or their wavepacket morphology
possibly taking place without affecting the total OAM. Our results generalize
to simple and fundamental systems a phenomenology recently reported with
Rabi-coupled bosonic fields, showing their wider relevance and opening
prospects for new types of control and structuring of the angular momentum of
light and/or quantum fluids.


  In this paper, we use the result in [7] to calculate the non-Gaussianity of
the racetrack models in [3, 5]. The two models give different non-
Gaussianities. Both of them are reasonable.


  We study the properties of gluons in QCD in the maximally abelian (MA) gauge.
In the MA gauge, the off-diagonal gluon behaves as the massive vector boson
with the mass $\Meff \simeq 1.2 {\rm GeV}$, and therefore the off-diagonal
gluon cannot carry the long-range interaction for $r \gg \Meff^{-1} \simeq 0.2$
fm. The essence of the infrared abelian dominance in the MA gauge is physically
explained with the generation of the off-diagonal gluon mass $\Meff \simeq 1.2
{\rm GeV}$ induced by the MA gauge fixing, and the off-diagonal gluon mass
generation would predict general infrared abelian dominance in QCD in the MA
gauge. We report also the off-diagonal gluon propagator at finite temperature.


  We study a discrete Laplace operator $\Delta$ on percolation subgraphs of an
infinite graph. The ball volume is assumed to grow at most polynomially. We are
interested in the behavior of the integrated density of states near the lower
spectral edge. If the graph is a Cayley graph we prove that it exhibits
Lifshitz tails. If we merely assume that the graph has an exhausting sequence
with positive $\delta$-dimensional density, we obtain an upper bound on the
integrated density of states of Lifshitz type.


  In this paper, we prove a generalized Minkowski inequality holds for any
smooth, $(k-1)$-convex, starshaped domain $\Omega.$ Our proof relies on the
solvability of the degenerate $k$-Hessian equation on the exterior domain
$\mathbb R^n\setminus\Omega.$


  Today, the Ising model is an archetype describing collective ordering
processes. And, as such, it is widely known in physics and far beyond. Less
known is the fact that the thesis defended by Ernst Ising 100 years ago (in
1924) contained not only the solution of what we call now the `classical 1D
Ising model' but also other problems. Some of these problems, as well as the
method of their solution, are the subject of this note. In particular, we
discuss the combinatorial method Ernst Ising used to calculate the partition
function for a chain of elementary magnets. In the thermodynamic limit, this
method leads to the result that the partition function is given by the roots of
a certain polynomial. We explicitly show that `Ising's roots' that arise within
the combinatorial treatment are also recovered by the eigenvalues of the
transfer matrix, a concept that was introduced much later. Moreover, we discuss
the generalization of the two-state model to a three-state one presented in
Ising's thesis, but not included in his famous paper of 1925 (E. Ising,
Z.Physik 31 (1925) 253). The latter model can be considered as a forerunner of
the now abundant models with many-component order parameters.


  We present the type system $\mathtt{d}$, an extended type system with
lambda-typed lambda-expressions. It is related to type systems originating from
the Automath project. $\mathtt{d}$ extends existing lambda-typed systems by an
existential abstraction operator as well as propositional operators.
$\beta$-reduction is extended to also normalize negated expressions using a
subset of the laws of classical negation, hence $\mathtt{d}$ is normalizing
both proofs and formulas which are handled uniformly as functional expressions.
$\mathtt{d}$ is using a reflexive typing axiom for a constant $\tau$ to which
no function can be typed. Some properties are shown including confluence,
subject reduction, uniqueness of types, strong normalization, and consistency.
We illustrate how, when using $\mathtt{d}$, due to its limited logical strength
additional axioms must be added both for negation and for the mathematical
structures whose deductions are to be formalized. Several appendices deal with
extensions and variations of the proposed system.


  The focus of this paper is directed towards optimal control of multi-agent
systems consisting of one leader and a number of followers in the presence of
noise. The dynamics of every agent is assumed to be linear, and the performance
index is a quadratic function of the states and actions of the leader and
followers. The leader and followers are coupled in both dynamics and cost. The
state of the leader and the average of the states of all followers (called
mean-field) are common information and known to all agents; however, the local
state of the followers are private information and unknown to other agents. It
is shown that the optimal distributed control strategy is linear time-varying,
and its computational complexity is independent of the number of followers.
This strategy can be computed in a distributed manner, where the leader needs
to solve one Riccati equation to determine its optimal strategy while each
follower needs to solve two Riccati equations to obtain its optimal strategy.
  This result is subsequently extended to the case of the infinite horizon
discounted and undiscounted cost functions, where the optimal distributed
strategy is shown to be stationary. A numerical example with $100$ followers is
provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the results.


  Cybercrime investigators face numerous challenges when policing online
crimes. Firstly, the methods and processes they use when dealing with
traditional crimes do not necessarily apply in the cyber-world. Additionally,
cyber criminals are usually technologically-aware and constantly adapting and
developing new tools that allow them to stay ahead of law enforcement
investigations. In order to provide adequate support for cybercrime
investigators, there needs to be a better understanding of the challenges they
face at both technical and socio-technical levels. In this paper, we
investigate this problem through an analysis of current practices and workflows
of investigators. We use interviews with experts from government and private
sectors who investigate cybercrimes as our main data gathering process. From an
analysis of the collected data, we identify several outstanding challenges
faced by investigators. These pertain to practical, technical, and social
issues such as systems availability, usability, and in computer-supported
collaborative work. Importantly, we use our findings to highlight research
areas where user-centric workflows and tools are desirable. We also define a
set of recommendations that can aid in providing a better foundation for future
research in the field and allow more effective combating of cybercrimes.


  Many structural materials (metal alloys, polymers, minerals, etc.) are formed
by quenching liquids into crystalline solids. This highly non-equilibrium
process often leads to polycrystalline growth patterns that are broadly termed
"spherulites" because of their large-scale average spherical shape. Despite the
prevalence and practical importance of spherulite formation, only rather
qualitative concepts of this phenomenon exist. The present work explains the
growth and form of these fundamental condensed matter structures on the basis
of a unified field theoretic approach. Our phase field model is the first to
incorporate the essential ingredients for this type crystal growth:
anisotropies in both the surface energy and interface mobilities that are
responsible for needle-like growth, trapping of local orientational order due
to either static heterogeneities (impurities) or dynamic heterogeneities in
highly supercooled liquids, and a preferred relative grain orientation induced
by a misorientation-dependent grain boundary energy. Our calculations indicate
that the diversity of spherulite growth forms arises from a competition between
the ordering effect of discrete local crystallographic symmetries and the
randomization of the local crystallographic orientation that accompanies
crystal grain nucleation at the growth front (growth front nucleation or GFN).
The large-scale isotropy of spherulitic growth arises from the predominance of
GFN.


  We use a recently introduced combinatorial object, the interval-poset, to
describe two bijections on intervals of the Tamari lattice. Both bijections
give a combinatorial proof of some previously known results. The first one is
an inner bijection between Tamari intervals that exchanges the initial rise and
lower contacts statistics. Those were introduced by Bousquet-M\'elou, Fusy, and
Pr\'eville-Ratelle who proved they were symmetrically distributed but had no
combinatorial explanation. The second bijection sends a Tamari interval to a
closed flow of an ordered forest. These combinatorial objects were studied by
Chapoton in the context of the Pre-Lie operad and the connection with the
Tamari order was still unclear.


  We study the problem of identifying correlations in multivariate data, under
information constraints: Either on the amount of memory that can be used by the
algorithm, or the amount of communication when the data is distributed across
several machines. We prove a tight trade-off between the memory/communication
complexity and the sample complexity, implying (for example) that to detect
pairwise correlations with optimal sample complexity, the number of required
memory/communication bits is at least quadratic in the dimension. Our results
substantially improve those of Shamir [2014], which studied a similar question
in a much more restricted setting. To the best of our knowledge, these are the
first provable sample/memory/communication trade-offs for a practical
estimation problem, using standard distributions, and in the natural regime
where the memory/communication budget is larger than the size of a single data
point. To derive our theorems, we prove a new information-theoretic result,
which may be relevant for studying other information-constrained learning
problems.


  As part of an effort to better characterize bright cataclysmic variables
(CVs) which have received little attention in the past light curves of four
confirmed systems (CZ Aql, BO Cet, V380 Oph and EF Tuc) and one candidate (Lib
3) are analyzed. For none of these stars time resolved photometry has been
published previously. While no variability was found in the case of Lib 3,
which thus cannot be confirmed as a CV, the light curves of all other targets
are dominated by strong flickering. Modulations on hourly time scales
superimposed on the flickering can probably be related to orbital variations in
BO Cet and V380 Oph, but not in CZ Aql and EF Tuc. Variations on the time scale
of 10 minutes in CZ Aql, while not yet constituting convincing evidence,
together with previous suspicions of a magnetically channeled accretion flow
may point at an intermediate polar nature of this star. Some properties of the
flickering are quantified in an effort to enlarge the data base for future
comparative flickering studies in CVs and to refine the classification of the
target stars.


  Estimation of a single Bernoulli parameter using pooled sampling is among the
oldest problems in the group testing literature. To carry out such estimation,
an array of efficient estimators have been introduced covering a wide range of
situations routinely encountered in applications. More recently, there has been
growing interest in using group testing to simultaneously estimate the joint
probabilities of two correlated traits using a multinomial model.
Unfortunately, basic estimation results, such as the maximum likelihood
estimator (MLE), have not been adequately addressed in the literature for such
cases. In this paper, we show that finding the MLE for this problem is
equivalent to maximizing a multinomial likelihood with a restricted parameter
space. A solution using the EM algorithm is presented which is guaranteed to
converge to the global maximizer, even on the boundary of the parameter space.
Two additional closed form estimators are presented with the goal of minimizing
the bias and/or mean square error. The methods are illustrated by considering
an application to the joint estimation of transmission prevalence for two
strains of the Potato virus Y by the aphid myzus persicae.


  In order to investigate the origin of the phase transition observed in
NaV$_2$O$_5$, as well as its electronic structure, we have measured Raman
intensities as a function of the laser wavelength above and below the phase
transition temperature. In the polarized Raman spectra at room temperature we
observe resonant enhancement of the 969 $cm^{-1}$ phonon mode when the laser
energy approaches 2.7 eV, presumably related to the (p-d) electron hopping
band, $O_3$($p_y$)-V($d_{xy}$), at 3.2 eV. The 969 $cm^{-1}$ mode originates
from the stretching vibrations along the c-axis involving the V-$O_1$ bonds.
Since an ellipsometric determination of the dielectric function $\epsilon_{cc}$
yields no structure in the 1.7 to 5.5 eV photon energy range, we conclude that
plane bonds couple strongly with the apical oxygens leading to a large Raman
efficiency. In the low-temperature Raman spectra, almost all modes that become
active below the phase transition temperature T$_c$=34 K show resonant
behavior. The most interesting ones, those at 66 and 106 $cm^{-1}$, possibly of
magnetic origin, exhibit a resonant intensity enhancement, approximately by an
order of magnitude, for laser photon energies around 1.85 eV with respect to
2.43 eV. This resonance effect may be associated with a weak absorption band
around 2 eV. Finally, a destructive interference between the resonant and the
nonresonant contribution to the Raman scattering amplitude (i.e. an
antiresonance) is found in the spectra for most of the (bb) low-temperature
modes.


  Let $U_n$ be the set of un-oriented and rational links with crossing number
$n$, a precise formula for $|U_n|$ was obtained by Ernst and Sumners in 1987.
In this paper, we study the enumeration problem of oriented rational links. Let
$\Lambda_n$ be the set of oriented rational links with crossing number $n$ and
let $\Lambda_n(d)$ be the set of oriented rational links with crossing number
$n$ ($n\ge 2$) and deficiency $d$. In this paper, we derive precise formulas
for $|\Lambda_n|$ and $|\Lambda_n(d)|$ for any given $n$ and $d$ and show that
$$ \Lambda_n(d)=F_{n-d-1}^{(d)}+\frac{1+(-1)^{nd}}{2}F^{(\lfloor
\frac{d}{2}\rfloor)}_{\lfloor \frac{n}{2}\rfloor -\lfloor
\frac{d+1}{2}\rfloor}, $$ where $F_n^{(d)}$ is the convolved Fibonacci
sequence.


  The notion of quasi-particles is essential for understanding the behaviour of
complex many-body systems. A prototypical example of a quasi-particle, a
polaron, is an impurity strongly interacting with a surrounding medium. Fermi
polarons, created in a Fermi sea, provide a paradigmatic realization of this
concept. As an inherent and important property such quasi-particles interact
with each other via modulation of the medium. While quantum simulation
experiments with ultracold atoms have significantly improved our understanding
of individual polarons, the detection of their interactions has remained
elusive in these systems. Here, we report the unambiguous observation of
mediated interactions between Fermi polarons consisting of K impurities
embedded in a Fermi sea of Li atoms. Our results confirm two landmark
predictions of Landau's Fermi-liquid theory: the shift of the polaron energy
due to mediated interactions, linear in the concentration of impurities, and
its sign inversion with impurity quantum statistics. For weak to moderate
interactions between the impurities and the medium, we find excellent agreement
with the static (zero-momentum and energy) predictions of Fermi-liquid theory.
For stronger impurity-medium interactions, we show that the observed behaviour
at negative energies can be explained by a more refined many-body treatment
including retardation and molecule formation


  Established methods for structural elicitation typically rely on code
modelling standard graphical models classes, most often Bayesian networks.
However, more appropriate models may arise from asking the expert questions in
common language about what might relate to what and exploring the logical
implications of the statements. Only after identifying the best matching
structure should this be embellished into a fully quantified probability model.
Examples of the efficacy and potential of this more flexible approach are shown
below for four classes of graphical models: Bayesian networks, Chain Event
Graphs, Multi-regression Dynamic Models, and Flow Graphs. We argue that to be
fully effective any structural elicitation phase must first be customised to an
application and if necessary new types of structure with their own bespoke
semantics elicited.


  We obtain for any spin, $s$, the Hausdorff dimension, $h_{i}$, for fractional
spin particles and we discuss the connection between this number, $h_{i}$, and
the Chern-Simons potential. We also define the topological invariants, $W_s$,
in terms of the statistics of these particles.


  We revisit the radiative decays of the Higgs boson to a fermion pair
$h\rightarrow f\bar{f}\gamma$ where $f$ denotes a fermion in the Standard Model
(SM). We include the chirality-flipping diagrams via the Yukawa couplings at
the order $\mathcal{O}(y_f^2 \alpha)$, the chirality-conserving contributions
via the top-quark loops of the order $\mathcal{O}(y_t^2 \alpha^3)$, and the
electroweak loops at the order $\mathcal{O}(\alpha^4)$. The QED correction is
about $Q_f^2\times {\cal O}(1\%)$ and contributes to the running of fermion
masses at a similar level, which should be taken into account for future
precision Higgs physics. The chirality-conserving electroweak-loop processes
are interesting from the observational point of view. First, the branching
fraction of the radiative decay $h \to \mu^+\mu^- \gamma$ is about a half of
that of $h \to \mu^+\mu^-$, and that of $h \to e^+ e^- \gamma$ is more than
four orders of magnitude larger than that of $h \to e^+ e^-$, both of which
reach about $10^{-4}$. The branching fraction of $h \to \tau^+\tau^- \gamma$ is
of the order $10^{-3}$. All the leptonic radiative decays are potentially
observable at the LHC Run 2 or the HL-LHC. The kinematic distributions for the
photon energy or the fermion pair invariant mass provide non-ambiguous
discrimination for the underlying mechanisms of the Higgs radiative decay. We
also study the process $h \to c\bar c \gamma$ and evaluate the observability at
the LHC. We find it comparable to the other related studies and better than the
$h \to J/\psi\ \gamma$ channel in constraining the charm-Yukawa coupling.


  Let $W^1L^{p,q}(\mathbb H^n)$, $1\leq q,p < \infty$ denote the
Lorentz-Sobolev spaces of order one in the hyperbolic spaces $\mathbb H^n$. Our
aim in this paper is three-fold. First of all, we establish a sharp Poincar\'e
inequality in $W^1L^{p,q}(\mathbb H^n)$ with $1\leq q \leq p$ which generalizes
the result in \cite{NgoNguyenAMV} to the setting of Lorentz-Sobolev spaces.
Second, we prove several sharp Poincar\'e-Sobolev type inequalities in
$W^1L^{p,q}(\mathbb H^n)$ with $1\leq q \leq p < n$ which generalize the
results in \cite{NguyenPS2018} to the setting of Lorentz-Sobolev spaces.
Finally, we provide the improved Moser-Trudinger type inequalities in
$W^1L^{n,q}(\mathbb{H}^n)$ in the critical case $p= n$ with $1\leq q \leq n$
which generalize the results in \cite{NguyenMT2018} and improve the results in
\cite{YangLi2019}. In the proof of the main results, we shall prove a
P\'olya--Szeg\"o type principle in $W^1 L^{p,q}(\mathbb H^n)$ with $1\leq q
\leq p$ which maybe is of independent interest.


  Unimodular gravity provides a theoretical framework that allows for
non-conservation of energy-momentum, with possible implications for the
cosmological constant problem. It is then important to study the predictions of
unimodular gravity in other gravitational regimes. In this work we study
stellar dynamics under the assumption of non-conserved energy-momentum. We find
that constant density objects can be as compact as Schwarzschild black holes.
For polytropic objects, we find modifications due to the non-conservation of
energy-momentum that lead to sizeable effects that could be constrained with
observational data. Additionally, we revisit and clarify the
Reissner-Nordstr\"om solution in unimodular gravity. We also study
gravitational collapse and discuss possible implications for the growth of
structure.


  Motivated by applications in automated verification of higher-order
functional programs, we develop a notion of constrained Horn clauses in
higher-order logic and a decision problem concerning their satisfiability. We
show that, although satisfiable systems of higher-order clauses do not
generally have least models, there is a notion of canonical model obtained
through a reduction to a problem concerning a kind of monotone logic program.
Following work in higher-order program verification, we develop a refinement
type system in order to reason about and automate the search for models. This
provides a sound but incomplete method for solving the decision problem.
Finally, we show that an extension of the decision problem in which refinement
types are used directly as guards on existential quantifiers can be reduced to
the original problem. This result can be used to show that properties of
higher-order functions that are definable using refinement types are also
expressible using higher-order constrained Horn clauses.


  The Hlawka Zeta Function is a Dirichlet series defined geometrically which
provides an integral representation of the number of lattice points contained
in the dilation $tD$ for some star shaped region $D\subset \mathbb{R}^{2}$ and
some real number $t\in \mathbb{R}^{+}$. We give an overview of this
construction and integral representation before giving the Hlawka Zeta function
as a sum of Eisenstein Series acting on $K$-finite vectors multiplied by
Fourier coefficients depending on $D$. We then study the case of $D$ as an
circle, ellipse, and then square to study functional equations and "fibers" of
this object, and pose conjectures regarding these properties in general.


  We show that the limiting unicolored $\mathfrak{sl}(N)$ Khovanov-Rozansky
chain complex of any infinite positive braid categorifies a highest-weight
projector. This result extends an earlier result of Cautis categorifying
highest-weight projectors using the limiting complex of infinite torus braids.
Additionally, we show that the results hold in the case of colored HOMFLY-PT
Khovanov-Rozansky homology as well. An application of this result is given in
finding a partial isomorphism between the HOMFLY-PT homology of any braid
positive link and the stable HOMFLY-PT homology of the infinite torus knot as
computed by Hogancamp.


  We utilize silicon-nitride waveguides to self-reference a telecom-wavelength
fiber frequency comb through supercontinuum generation, using 11.3 mW of
optical power incident on the chip. This is approximately ten times lower than
conventional approaches using nonlinear fibers and is enabled by low-loss (<2
dB) input coupling and the high nonlinearity of silicon nitride, which can
provide two octaves of spectral broadening with incident energies of only 110
pJ. Following supercontinuum generation, self-referencing is accomplished by
mixing 780-nm dispersive-wave light with the frequency-doubled output of the
fiber laser. In addition, at higher optical powers, we demonstrate f-to-3f
self-referencing directly from the waveguide output by the interference of
simultaneous supercontinuum and third harmonic generation, without the use of
an external doubling crystal or interferometer. These hybrid comb systems
combine the performance of fiber-laser frequency combs with the high
nonlinearity and compactness of photonic waveguides, and should lead to
low-cost, fully stabilized frequency combs for portable and space-borne
applications.


  Shafranov's virial theorem implies that nontrivial magnetohydrodynamical
equilibrium configurations must be supported by externally supplied currents.
Here we extend the virial theorem to field theory, where it relates to
Derrick's scaling argument on soliton stability. We then employ virial
arguments to investigate a realistic field theory model of a two-component
plasma, and conclude that stable localized solitons can exist in the bulk of a
finite density plasma. These solitons entail a nontrivial electric field which
implies that purely magnetohydrodynamical arguments are insufficient for
describing stable, nontrivial structures within the bulk of a plasma.


  Optical helicity quantifies the handedness of light, and plays a central role
in the description of interactions between light and chiral matter. In free
space, it is related to the duality symmetry of the electromagnetic field, a
continuous symmetry encapsulating the invariance of Maxwell's equations under
the interchange of electric and magnetic fields. However, in materials the
situation is not so straightforward, as the free space transformation must be
extended to encompass mixing of both the $\mathbf{E}$/$\mathbf{H}$ and
$\mathbf{D}$/$\mathbf{B}$ field pairs. The simultaneous direct interchange of
$\mathbf{E}$/$\mathbf{H}$ and of $\mathbf{D}$/$\mathbf{B}$ is incompatible with
the presence of linear constitutive relations. In this work, we extend the
duality transform in a way that resolves this incompatibility, and use this to
define the optical helicity in a general medium, which may be dispersive,
lossy, chiral or nonreciprocal. We find that the helicity density must contain
an explicit contribution associated with the polarisation and magnetisation of
the matter, and we show that the form of this matter contribution is
independent of the details of the medium. We also show that the in-medium
helicity can be naturally expressed in terms of the elementary quantised
excitations of the system.


  In this paper, we establish the local converse theorem and the stability of
local gamma factors for $\Mp_{2n}$ via the precise local theta correspondence
between $\Mp_{2n}$ and $\SO_{2n+1}$ over local fields of characteristic not
equal to 2. As an application, we can prove the rigidity theorem for
irreducible generic cuspidal automorphic representations of $\Mp_{2n}$ over
number fields.


  This study proposes a new automated strategy for designing and optimizing
three-dimensional interplanetary low-thrust (LT) trajectories. The method
formulates the design as a hybrid optimal control problem and solves it using a
two-step approach. In Step 1, a three-dimensional model based on generalized
logarithmic spirals is used with heuristics in combination with a
gradient-based solver to perform an automated multi-objective global search of
trajectories and optimize for parameters defining the spirals, the launch date,
as well as the number, sequence and configuration of the planetary flybys. In
Step 2, candidate solutions from Step 1 are refined by further optimization
with a direct method. Results show that, compared to similar algorithms based
on two-dimensional models, the strategy implemented in Step 1 leads to better
estimates of the optimal trajectories, especially when the orbits of the
involved bodies are inclined with respect to the ecliptic plane. The proposed
approximate method (Step 1) yields better agreement with high-fidelity
solutions (Step 2) in terms of launch, flyby and arrival dates, in-plane and
out-of-plane average LT accelerations and propellant consumption, leading to
improved convergence when the Step 1 trajectories are employed to initiate the
search in Step 2.


  Organizations of all sizes, across all industries and domains are leveraging
artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to solve some of their biggest
challenges around operations, customer experience, and much more. However, due
to the probabilistic nature of AI, the risks associated with it are far greater
than traditional technologies. Research has shown that these risks can range
anywhere from regulatory, compliance, reputational, and user trust, to
financial and even societal risks. Depending on the nature and size of the
organization, AI technologies can pose a significant risk, if not used in a
responsible way. This position paper seeks to present a brief introduction to
AI governance, which is a framework designed to oversee the responsible use of
AI with the goal of preventing and mitigating risks. Having such a framework
will not only manage risks but also gain maximum value out of AI projects and
develop consistency for organization-wide adoption of AI.


  Softmax loss is widely used in deep neural networks for multi-class
classification, where each class is represented by a weight vector, a sample is
represented as a feature vector, and the feature vector has the largest
projection on the weight vector of the correct category when the model
correctly classifies a sample. To ensure generalization, weight decay that
shrinks the weight norm is often used as regularizer. Different from
traditional learning algorithms where features are fixed and only weights are
tunable, features are also tunable as representation learning in deep learning.
Thus, we propose feature incay to also regularize representation learning,
which favors feature vectors with large norm when the samples can be correctly
classified. With the feature incay, feature vectors are further pushed away
from the origin along the direction of their corresponding weight vectors,
which achieves better inter-class separability. In addition, the proposed
feature incay encourages intra-class compactness along the directions of weight
vectors by increasing the small feature norm faster than the large ones.
Empirical results on MNIST, CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 demonstrate feature incay can
improve the generalization ability.


  Effects of strong longitudinal color fields (SCF) on the identified
(anti)particle transverse momentum ($p_T$) distributions in $ pp$ collision at
$\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV are investigated within the framework of the {\small
HIJING/B\=B v2.0} model. The comparison with the experiment is performed in
terms of the correlation between mean transverse momentum ($\langle
p_t\rangle$) and multiplicity (N$_{ch}^*$) of charged particles at central
rapidity, as well as the ratios of the $p_T$ distributions to the one
corresponding to the minimum bias (MB) pp collisions at the same energy, each
of them normalized to the corresponding charged particle density, for high
multiplicity $\mbox{(HM, N$_{ch}>100$)}$ and low multiplicity $\mbox{(LM,
N$_{ch}<100$)}$ class of events. The theoretical calculations show that an
increase of the strength of color fields (as characterized by the effective
values of the string tension $\kappa$), from $\kappa$ = 2 GeV/fm to $\kappa$ =
5 GeV/fm from LM to HM class of events, respectively, lead to a ratio at low
and intermediate $p_T$ (i.e., \mbox{$ 1$GeV/{\it c} $< p_{T} < 6 $ GeV/{\it
c}}) consistent with recent data obtained at LHC by the ALICE Collaboration.


  Consider the three-dimensional flow of a viscous Newtonian fluid upon an
abitrarily curved substrate when the fluid film is thin as occurs in many
draining, coating and biological flows. We derive a model of the dynamics of
the film, the model being expressed in terms of the film thickness and the
curvature tensor of the substrate. The model accurately includes the effects of
the curvature of the substrate, via a physical multiple-scale approach, and
gravity and inertia, via more rigorous centre manifold techniques. Numerical
simulations exhibit some generic features of the dynamics of such thin fluid
films on substrates with complex curvature.