  Exciton binding energy and electron-hole recombination probability are
presented as the two important metrics for investigating effect of dot size on
electron-hole interaction in CdSe quantum dots. Direct computation of
electron-hole recombination probability is challenging because it requires an
accurate mathematical description of electron-hole wavefunction in the
neighborhood of the electron-hole coalescence point. In this work, we address
this challenge by solving the electron-hole Schrodinger equation using the
electron-hole explicitly correlated Hartree-Fock (eh-XCHF) method. The
calculations were performed for a series of CdSe clusters ranging from
$\mathrm{Cd}_{20}\mathrm{Se}_{19}$ to $\mathrm{Cd}_{74608}\mathrm{Se}_{74837}$
that correspond to dot diameter range of 1-20 nm. The calculated exciton
binding energies and electron-hole recombination probabilities were found to
decrease with increasing dot size. Both of these quantities were found to scale
as $D_\mathrm{dot}^{-n}$ with respect to the dot diameter D. One of the key
insights from this study is that the electron-hole recombination probability
decreases at a much faster rate than the exciton binding energy as a function
of dot size. It was found that an increase in the dot size by a factor of 16.1,
resulted in a decrease in the exciton binding energy and electron-hole
recombination probability by a factor of 14.4 and $5.5\times10^{6}$,
respectively.


  In systems of intersecting branes, we consider sets of directions in which
one type of brane is pointlike, with transverse fluctuations described by
matrix coordinates X, and the other set of branes is space-filling, with a
local symmetry associated to its worldvolume gauge field. Under this symmetry,
massless fields associated with p-p' strings should transform in the
fundamental representation, \Phi \to U(X) \Phi, but this transformation rule is
ill-defined when X is a general matrix. In this paper, we make sense of this
transformation rule for \Phi and show that imposing gauge invariance using the
resulting rule places strong constraints on the effective actions, determining
infinite series of terms in the \alpha' expansion. We describe the most general
invariant effective actions and note that these are written most simply in
terms of covariant objects built from \Phi which transform like fundamental
fields living on the whole space-filling brane. Our description leads us to
introduce several interesting structures, including Wilson lines from ordinary
points to matrix locations, pull-backs of fields from matrix geometries to
ordinary space, and delta functions which localize to matrix configurations.


  In this paper, we focus on a space-time fractional diffusion equation with
the generalized Caputo's fractional derivative operator and a general space
nonlocal operator (with the fractional Laplace operator as a special case). A
weak Harnack's inequality has been established by using a special test function
and some properties of the space nonlocal operator. Based on the weak Harnack's
inequality, a strong maximum principle has been obtained which is an important
characterization of fractional parabolic equations. With these tools, we
establish a uniqueness result for an inverse source problem on the
determination of the temporal component of the inhomogeneous term.


  A very low-cost, easy-to-make stopwatch is presented to support various
experiments in mechanics. The high-resolution stopwatch is based on two
photodetectors connected directly to the microphone input of the sound card. A
dedicated free open-source software has been developed and made available to
download. The efficiency is demonstrated by a free fall experiment.


  Using Lanczos exact diagonalization of finite clusters we demonstrate that
the spin-orbital $d^1$ model for triply degenerate $t_{2g}$ orbitals on a
triangular lattice provides an example of a spin-orbital liquid ground state.
We also show that the spin-orbital liquid involves entangled valence bond
states which violate the Goodenough-Kanamori rules, and modify effective spin
exchange constants.


  Extrinsic levels, formation energies, and relaxation geometries are
calculated ab initio for oxygen vacancies in alpha-quartz SiO2. The vacancy is
found to be thermodynamically stable in the charge states Q=+3, Q=0, Q=--2, and
Q=-3. The charged states are stabilized by large and asymmetric distortions
near the vacancy site. Concurrently, Franck-Condon shifts for absorption and
recombination related to these states are found to be strongly asymmetric. In
undoped quartz, the ground state of the vacancy is the neutral charge state,
while for moderate p-type and n-type doping, the +3 and -3 states are favored,
respectively, over a wide Fermi level window. Optical transitions related to
the vacancy are predicted at around 3 eV and 6.5 eV (absorption) and 2.5 to 3.0
eV (emission), depending on the charge state of the ground state.


  We use generating function techniques developed by Givental, Th\'eret and
ourselves to deduce a proof in $\mathbb{C}\text{P}^d$ of the homological
generalization of Franks theorem due to Shelukhin. This result proves in
particular the Hofer-Zehnder conjecture in the non-degenerated case: every
Hamiltonian diffeomorphism of $\mathbb{C}\text{P}^d$ that has at least $d+2$
non-degenerated periodic points has infinitely many periodic points. Our proof
does not appeal to Floer homology or the theory of $J$-holomorphic curves. An
appendix written by Shelukhin contains a new proof of the Smith-type inequality
for barcodes of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms that arise from Floer theory, which
lends itself to adaptation to the setting of generating functions.


  The Tur\'an number of a graph H, ex(n;H), is the maximum number of edges in
any graph on n vertices which does not contain H as a subgraph. Let P_l denote
a path on l vertices, and kP_l denote k vertex-disjoint copies of P_l. We
determine ex(n, kP_3) for n appropriately large, answering in the positive a
conjecture of Gorgol. Further, we determine ex (n, kP_l) for arbitrary l, and n
appropriately large relative to k and l. We provide some background on the
famous Erd\H{o}s-S\'os conjecture, and conditional on its truth we determine
ex(n;H) when H is an equibipartite forest, for appropriately large n.


  We consider certain groups of tree automorphisms as so-called diffeological
groups. The notion of diffeology, due to Souriau, allows to endow non-manifold
topological spaces, such as regular trees that we look at, with a kind of a
differentiable structure that in many ways is close to that of a smooth
manifold; a suitable notion of a diffeological group follows. We first study
the question of what kind of a diffeological structure is the most natural to
put on a regular tree in a way that the underlying topology be the standard one
of the tree. We then proceed to consider the group of all automorphisms of the
tree as a diffeological space, with respect to the functional diffeology,
showing that this diffeology is actually the discrete one, the fact that
therefore is true for its subgroups as well.


  Spectral/hp element methods and an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE)
moving-boundary technique are used to investigate planar Newtonian extrudate
swell. Newtonian extrudate swell arises when viscous liquids exit long die
slits. The problem is characterised by a stress singularity at the end of the
slit which is inherently difficult to capture and strongly influences the
predicted swelling of the fluid. The impact of inertia (0 <Re < 100) and slip
along the die wall on the free surface profile and the velocity and pressure
values in the domain and around the singularity are investigated. The high
order method is shown to provide high resolution of the steep pressure profile
at the singularity. The swelling ratio and exit pressure loss are compared with
existing results in the literature and the ability of high-order methods to
capture these values using significantly fewer degrees of freedom is
demonstrated.


  The BRST quantization of particle motion on the hypersurface $V_{(N-1)}$
embedded in Euclidean space $R_N$ is carried out both in Hamiltonian and
Lagrangian formalism. Using Batalin-Fradkin-Fradkina-Tyutin (BFFT) formalism,
the second class constrained obtained using Hamiltonian analysis are converted
into first class constraints. Then using BFV analysis the BRST symmetry is
constructed. We have given a simple example of these kind of system. In the end
we have discussed Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism in the context of this (BFFT
modified) system.


  Stochastic restoration algorithms allow to explore the space of solutions
that correspond to the degraded input. In this paper we reveal additional
fundamental advantages of stochastic methods over deterministic ones, which
further motivate their use. First, we prove that any restoration algorithm that
attains perfect perceptual quality and whose outputs are consistent with the
input must be a posterior sampler, and is thus required to be stochastic.
Second, we illustrate that while deterministic restoration algorithms may
attain high perceptual quality, this can be achieved only by filling up the
space of all possible source images using an extremely sensitive mapping, which
makes them highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Indeed, we show that
enforcing deterministic models to be robust to such attacks profoundly hinders
their perceptual quality, while robustifying stochastic models hardly
influences their perceptual quality, and improves their output variability.
These findings provide a motivation to foster progress in stochastic
restoration methods, paving the way to better recovery algorithms.


  Under analysis is travel of P-waves in an elastic pipe partly embedded in
soil with dry friction. The mathematical formulation of the problem on impact
pipe driving in soil is based on the model of axial vibration of an elastic
bar, considering lateral resistance described using the law of solid dry
friction. The author solves problems on axial load on pipe in interaction with
external elastic medium, and compares the analytical and numerical results
obtained with and without accounting for the external medium deformability.


  We present two classes of random walks restricted to the quarter plane whose
generating function is not holonomic. The non-holonomy is established using the
iterated kernel method, a recent variant of the kernel method. This adds
evidence to a recent conjecture on combinatorial properties of walks with
holonomic generating functions. The method also yields an asymptotic expression
for the number of walks of length n.


  Atomic transitions satisfying $F_e - F_g = \Delta F = \pm 2$ (where $F_e$
stands for excited and $F_g$ stands for ground state) of alkali atoms have zero
probability in zero magnetic field (they are so-called "forbidden" transitions)
but experience a large probabilty increase in an external magnetic field. These
transitions are called magnetically induced (MI) transitions. In this paper, we
use for the first time the $\sigma^+$ ($\Delta m_F~=~+1$) MI transitions $F_g =
3 \rightarrow F_e = 5$ of {Cesium} as probe radiation to form EIT resonances in
strong magnetic fields (1 - 3 kG) while the coupling radiation frequency is
resonant with $F_g=4\rightarrow F_e=5$ $\sigma^+$ transitions. The experiment
is performed using a nanometric-thin cell filled with Cs vapor and a strong
permanent magnet. The thickness of the vapor column is 852 nm, corresponding to
the Cs $D_2$ line transition wavelength. Due to the large frequency shift slope
of the MI transitions ($\sim$ 4 MHz/G), it is possible to form contrasted and
strongly frequency-shifted EIT resonances. Particularly, a strong 12 GHz
frequency shift is observed when applying an external magnetic field of $\sim$
3 kG. Preliminary calculations performed considering Doppler-broadened three
level systems in a nanocell are in reasonable agreement with the experimental
measurements.


  In this article, we prove a modulo $p$ congruence which connects the class
number of the quadratic field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{(-1)^{(p-1)/2}p})$ and the
trace of a certain monomial in a root $\theta$ of the Artin-Schreier polynomial
$\theta^{p}-\theta-1$ over the field $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ of $p$ elements. This
formula has a flavor of Dirichlet's class number formula which connects the
class number and the $L$-value. The proof of our formula is based on several
formulae satisfied by the Bell number, where the latter is defined as the
number of partitions of $\{ 1, 2, ..., n \}$ and a purely combinatorial object.
Among such formulae, we prove a generalization of the so called ``trace
formula'' due to Barsky and Benzaghou which describes the special values of the
Bell polynomials modulo $p$ by the trace mentioned above.


  We derive lower bounds for the attainable fidelity of standard entanglement
purification protocols when local operations and measurements are subjected to
errors. We introduce an error parameter which measures the distance between the
ideal completely positive map describing a purification step and the one in the
presence of errors. We derive non--linear maps for a lower bound of the
fidelity at each purification step in terms of this parameter.


  A relationship between the measurable monomer-monomer structure factor, and
the centre-of-mass (CM) structure factor of dilute or semi-dilute polymer
solutions is derived from Ornstein-Zernike relations within the ``polymer
reference interaction site model'' (PRISM) formalism, by considering the CM of
each polymer as an auxiliary site and neglecting direct correlations between
the latter and the CM and monomers of neighbouring polymers. The predictions
agree well with Monte Carlo data for self-avoiding walk polymers, and are
considerably more accurate than the predictions of simple factorization
approximations.


  This paper describes our speaker diarization system submitted to the
Multi-channel Multi-party Meeting Transcription (M2MeT) challenge, where
Mandarin meeting data were recorded in multi-channel format for diarization and
automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks. In these meeting scenarios, the
uncertainty of the speaker number and the high ratio of overlapped speech
present great challenges for diarization. Based on the assumption that there is
valuable complementary information between acoustic features, spatial-related
and speaker-related features, we propose a multi-level feature fusion mechanism
based target-speaker voice activity detection (FFM-TS-VAD) system to improve
the performance of the conventional TS-VAD system. Furthermore, we propose a
data augmentation method during training to improve the system robustness when
the angular difference between two speakers is relatively small. We provide
comparisons for different sub-systems we used in M2MeT challenge. Our
submission is a fusion of several sub-systems and ranks second in the
diarization task.


  Semantic parsing, as an important approach to question answering over
knowledge bases (KBQA), transforms a question into the complete query graph for
further generating the correct logical query. Existing semantic parsing
approaches mainly focus on relations matching with paying less attention to the
underlying internal structure of questions (e.g., the dependencies and
relations between all entities in a question) to select the query graph. In
this paper, we present a relational graph convolutional network (RGCN)-based
model gRGCN for semantic parsing in KBQA. gRGCN extracts the global semantics
of questions and their corresponding query graphs, including structure
semantics via RGCN and relational semantics (label representation of relations
between entities) via a hierarchical relation attention mechanism. Experiments
evaluated on benchmarks show that our model outperforms off-the-shelf models.


  A pair of atoms interacting successively with the field of the same cavity
and exchanging a single photon, leave the cavity in an entangled state of
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) type (see, for example, [S.J.D. Phoenix, and S.M.
Barnett, J. Mod. Opt. \textbf{40} (1993) 979]). By implementing the model with
the translational degrees of freedom, we show in this letter that the
entanglement with the translational atomic variables can lead, under
appropriate conditions, towards the separability of the internal variables of
the two atoms. This implies that the translational dynamics can lead, in some
cases, to difficulties in observing the Bell's inequality violation for massive
particles.


  In this paper we prove two results. The first theorem uses a paper of Kim
\cite{K} to show that for fixed primes $p_1,...,p_k$, and for fixed integers
$m_1,...,m_k$, with $p_i\not|m_i$, the numbers $(e_{p_1}(n),...,e_{p_k}(n))$
are uniformly distributed modulo $(m_1,...,m_k)$, where $e_p(n)$ is the order
of the prime $p$ in the factorization of $n!$. That implies one of Sander's
conjecture from \cite{S}, for any set of odd primes. Berend \cite{B} asks to
find the fastest growing function $f(x)$ so that for large $x$ and any given
finite sequence $\epsilon_i\in \{0,1\}, i\le f(x)$, there exists $n<x$ such
that the congruences $e_{p_i}(n)\equiv \epsilon_i\pmod 2$ hold for all $i\le
f(x)$. Here, $p_i$ is the $i$th prime number.
  In our second result, we are able to show that $f(x)$ can be taken to be at
least $c_1 (\log x/(\log\log x)^6)^{1/9}$, with some absolute constant $c_1$,
provided that only the first odd prime numbers are involved.


  Symmetry based approaches to the black hole entropy problem have a number of
attractive features; in particular they are very general and do not depend on
the details of the quantization method. However we point out that, of the two
available approaches, one faces conceptual problems (also emphasized by
others), while the second contains certain technical flaws. We correct these
errors and, within the new, improved scheme, calculate the entropy of
3-dimensional black holes. We find that, while the new symmetry vector fields
are well-defined on the ``stretched horizon,'' and lead to well-defined
Hamiltonians satisfying the expected Lie algebra, they fail to admit a
well-defined limit to the horizon. This suggests that, although the formal
calculation can be carried out at the classical level, its real, conceptual
origin probably lies in the quantum theory.


  This paper provides the mobility and coverage evaluation of New Radio (NR)
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for Point-to-Multipoint (PTM) use
cases, e.g., eMBMS (evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services). The
evaluation methodology is based on analyses and link level simulations where
the channel model includes AWGN, TDL-A, TDL-C as well as a modified 0dB echo to
model different PTM scenarios. The final version of this work aims to provide
insightful guidelines on the delay/echo tolerance of the NR PDCCH in terms of
mobility and coverage. In this paper, it is observed that under eMBMS scenario,
i.e. SFN channel, due to the time domain granularity of pilots distributed
inside the PDCCH region, the system can support very high user movement
speed/Doppler with an relatively low requirement on the transmit
Signal/Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (SNR/CNR). On the other hand however, the system
falls short on its coverage due to the low frequency domain granularity of
pilots that effects the channel estimation accuracy.


  In 1998 Hoholdt, van Lint and Pellikaan introduced the concept of a ``weight
function'' defined on a F_q-algebra and used it to construct linear codes,
obtaining among them the algebraic-geometric (AG) codes supported on one point.
Later it was proved by Matsumoto that all codes produced using a weight
function are actually AG codes supported on one point. Recently, ``near weight
functions'' (a generalization of weight functions), also defined on a
F_q-algebra, were introduced to study codes supported on two points. In this
paper we show that an algebra admits a set of m near weight functions having a
compatibility property, namely, the set is a ``complete set'', if and only if
it is the ring of regular functions of an affine geometrically irreducible
algebraic curve defined over F_q whose points at infinity have a total of m
rational branches. Then the codes produced using the near weight functions are
exactly the AG codes supported on m points. A formula for the minimum distance
of these codes is presented with examples which show that in some situations it
compares better than the usual Goppa bound.


  Starting from the Hamiltonian formulation of ${\cal N}{=}\,2$ supersymmetric
Calogero models associated with the classical $A_n, B_n, C_n$ and $D_n$ series
and their hyperbolic/trigonometric cousins, we provide their superspace
description. The key ingredients include $n$ bosonic and $2n(n{-}1)$ fermionic
${\cal N}{=}\,2$ superfields, the latter being subject to a nonlinear chirality
constraint. This constraint has a universal form valid for all Calogero models.
With its help we find more general supercharges (and a superspace Lagrangian),
which provide the ${\cal N}{=}\,2$ supersymmetrization for bosonic potentials
with arbitrary repulsive two-body interactions.


  Obtaining reliable state preparation protocols is a key step towards
practical implementation of many quantum technologies, and one of the main
tasks in quantum control. In this work, different reinforcement learning
approaches are used to derive a feedback law for state preparation of a desired
state in a target system. In particular, we focus on the robustness of the
obtained strategies with respect to different types and amount of noise.
Comparing the results indicates that the learned controls are more robust to
unmodeled perturbations with respect to simple feedback strategy based on
optimized population transfer, and that training on simulated nominal model
retain the same advantages displayed by controllers trained on real data. The
possibility of effective off-line training of robust controllers promises
significant advantages towards practical implementation.


  Positions of stars of 47 Tuc have been derived by the use of photographic
plates and CCD frames (ESO La Silla) and data from the Hubble Space Telescope
(HST). The positions have been determined with respect to the PPM, which is
based on the FK5 system. We have compared the positions of variable and blue
stars in the core of 47 Tuc with those of the X-ray sources found by Hasinger
et al. (1994). Taking into account a possible constant shift of the X-ray
positions of up to 10", there are three different solutions which would give
identifications of four of the central X-ray sources with blue stragglers and
variable stars. We discuss the nature of the X-ray sources and the different
possible identifications. Since it is not possible to give an unique
identification based on pure astrometric arguments, our positions may be taken
for future identifications based on additional astrophysical arguments or
coincident observations in different wavelengths. An identification of the
X-ray source No. 3 of Hasinger et al. (1994) in the outer field of 47 Tuc with
a galaxy was found.


  There is evidence that exoplanet systems display intra-system uniformity in
mass, radius, and orbital spacing (like ``peas in a pod'') when compared with
the system-to-system variations of planetary systems. This has been interpreted
as the outcome of the early stages of planet formation, indicative of a picture
in which planets form at characteristic mass scales with uniform separations.
In this paper, we argue instead that intra-system uniformity in planet sizes
and orbital spacings likely arose from the dynamical sculpting of
initially-overly-packed planetary systems (in other words, the giant impact
phase). With a suite of $N$-body simulations, we demonstrate that systems with
random initial masses and compact planet spacings naturally develop
intra-system uniformity, in quantitative agreement with observations, due to
collisions between planets. Our results suggest that the pre-giant impact
planet mass distribution is fairly wide and provide evidence for the prevalence
of dynamical sculpting in shaping the observed population of exoplanets.


  This work focuses on the problem of exact model reduction of positive linear
systems, by leveraging minimal realization theory. While even determining the
existence of a positive reachable realization remains an open problem, we are
able to fully characterize the cases in which the new model is obtained with
non-negative reduction matrices, and hence positivity of the reduced model is
robust with respect to small perturbations of original system. The
characterization is obtained by specializing monotone matrix theory to positive
matrices. In addition, we provide positive reduction also when minimal ones are
not available, by exploiting algebraic techniques.


  While many Lyman-alpha Blobs (LABs) are found in and around several
well-known protoclusters at high redshift, how they trace the underlying
large-scale structure is still poorly understood. In this work, we utilize
5,352 Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs) and 129 LABs at z=3.1 identified over a
$\sim$ 9.5 sq. degree area in early data from the ongoing One-hundred-deg$^2$
DECam Imaging in Narrowbands (ODIN) survey to investigate this question. Using
LAEs as tracers of the underlying matter distribution, we identify overdense
structures as galaxy groups, protoclusters, and filaments of the cosmic web. We
find that LABs preferentially reside in regions of higher-than-average density
and are located in closer proximity to overdense structures, which represent
the sites of protoclusters and their substructures. Moreover, protoclusters
hosting one or more LABs tend to have a higher descendant mass than those which
do not. Blobs are also strongly associated with filaments of the cosmic web,
with $\sim$ 70% of the population being within a projected distance of 2.4 pMpc
from a filament. We show that the proximity of LABs to protoclusters is
naturally explained by their association with filaments as large cosmic
structures are where many filaments converge. The contiguous wide-field
coverage of the ODIN survey allows us for the first time to firmly establish a
connection between LABs as a population and their environment.


  Using QCD perturbation theory in NLO and light-cone QCD sum rules, we extract
from the CLEO experimental data on the F^{\gamma^*\gamma\pi}(Q^{2} transition
form factor constraints on the Gegenbauer coefficients a_2 and a_4, as well as
on the inverse moment <x^{-1}>_{\pi} of the pion distribution amplitude. We
show that both the asymptotic and the Chernyak--Zhitnitsky pion distribution
amplitudes are excluded at the 3\sigma- and 4\sigma-level, respectively, while
the data confirms the end-point suppressed shape of the pion DA we previously
obtained with QCD sum rules and nonlocal condensates. These findings are also
supported by the data of the Fermilab E791 experiment on diffractive dijet
production.


  All possible orbital trajectories and their analytical expressions in the
Schwarzschild metric are presented in a single complete map characterized by
two dimensionless parameters. While three possible pairs of parameters with
different advantages are described, the parameter space that gives the most
convenient reduction to the Newtonian case is singled out and used which leads
to a new insight on Newtonian limits among other results. Numerous analytic
relations are presented. A comparison is made with the widely used formulation
and presentation given by S. Chandrasekhar.


  We describe a novel method for bounding the dimension $d$ of the largest
simple Hecke submodule of $S_2(\Gamma_0(N);\mathbb{Q})$ from below. Such bounds
are of interest because of their relevance to the structure of $J_0(N)$, for
instance.
  In contrast with previous results of this kind, our bound does not rely on
the equidistribution of Hecke eigenvalues. Instead, it is obtained via a
Hecke-compatible congruence between the target space and a space of modular
forms whose Hecke eigenvalues are easily controlled. For prime levels $N\equiv
7\mod 8$ our method yields an unconditional bound of $d\ge\log_2\log_2(N/8)$,
improving the known bound of $d\gg\sqrt{\log\log N}$ due to Murty--Sinha and
Royer. We also discuss conditional bounds, the strongest of which is
$d\gg_\epsilon N^{1/2-\epsilon}$ over a large set of primes $N$, contingent on
Soundararajan's heuristics for the class number problem and Artin's conjecture
on primitive roots.
  We also propose a number of Maeda-style conjectures based on our data, and we
outline a possible congruence-based approach toward the conjectural Hecke
simplicity of $S_k(\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z});\mathbb{Q})$.


  Argumentation is one of the most popular approaches of defining
a~non-monotonic formalism and several argumentation based semantics were
proposed for defeasible logic programs. Recently, a new approach based on
notions of conflict resolutions was proposed, however with declarative
semantics only. This paper gives a more procedural counterpart by developing
skeptical and credulous argument games for complete semantics and soundness and
completeness theorems for both games are provided. After that, distribution of
defeasible logic program into several contexts is investigated and both
argument games are adapted for multi-context system.


  To address a looming crisis of unreproducible evaluation for named entity
recognition, we propose guidelines and introduce SeqScore, a software package
to improve reproducibility. The guidelines we propose are extremely simple and
center around transparency regarding how chunks are encoded and scored. We
demonstrate that despite the apparent simplicity of NER evaluation, unreported
differences in the scoring procedure can result in changes to scores that are
both of noticeable magnitude and statistically significant. We describe
SeqScore, which addresses many of the issues that cause replication failures.


  Star clusters interact with the interstellar medium (ISM) in various ways,
most importantly in the destruction of molecular star-forming clouds, resulting
in inefficient star formation on galactic scales. On cloud scales, ionizing
radiation creates \hii regions, while stellar winds and supernovae drive the
ISM into thin shells. These shells are accelerated by the combined effect of
winds, radiation pressure and supernova explosions, and slowed down by gravity.
Since radiative and mechanical feedback is highly interconnected, they must be
taken into account in a self-consistent and combined manner, including the
coupling of radiation and matter. We present a new semi-analytic
one-dimensional feedback model for isolated massive clouds ($\geq
10^5\,M_{\odot}$) to calculate shell dynamics and shell structure
simultaneously. It allows us to scan a large range of physical parameters (gas
density, star formation efficiency, metallicity) and to estimate escape
fractions of ionizing radiation $f_{\rm{esc,i}}$, the minimum star formation
efficiency $\epsilon_{\rm{min}}$ required to drive an outflow, and recollapse
time scales for clouds that are not destroyed by feedback. Our results show
that there is no simple answer to the question of what dominates cloud
dynamics, and that each feedback process significantly influences the
efficiency of the others. We find that variations in natal cloud density can
very easily explain differences between dense-bound and diffuse-open star
clusters. We also predict, as a consequence of feedback, a $4-6$ Myr age
difference for massive clusters with multiple generations.


  In a many-spin approach that takes account of the internal structure,
microscopic interactions and single-site anisotropies, we investigate the
effect of spin non-collinearities induced by the boundary and surface
anisotropy on the behaviour of individual magnetic nanoparticles.
  Through analytical and numerical calculations, we show that there are mainly
two regimes separated by some critical value of the surface anisotropy constant
$K_s$ which controls the intensity of spin non-collinearities: i) the so called
Stoner-Wohlfarth or N\'eel-Brown regime of a macrospin undergoing a coherent
switching, ii) the many-spin regime where the strong spin non-collinearities
invalidate the coherent mechanism, and where the particle's magnetic state and
switching mechanisms can no longer be modeled by a macrospin.
  For small-to-intermediate values of $K_s$, and within two models of surface
anisotropy (transverse and N\'eel), the behaviour of the nanoparticle can be
modeled by that of a macrospin with an effective potential energy containing a
uniaxial and cubic anisotropy terms. This effective spin model provides a
crossover between the two regimes.


  The dynamic evolution of coronal mass ejection (CME) in interplanetary space
generates highly turbulent, compressed and heated shock-sheath. This region
furnishes a unique environment to study the turbulent fluctuations at the small
scales and serve an opportunity for unfolding the physical mechanisms by which
the turbulence is dissipated and plasma is heated. How does the turbulence in
the magnetized plasma control the energy transport process in space and
astrophysical plasmas is an attractive and challenging open problem of the 21st
century. The literature discusses three types of incompressible
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) shocks as the magnetosonic (fast), Alfvenic
(intermediate), and sonic (slow). The magnetosonic shock is most common in the
interplanetary medium. However, Alfvenic shocks have not been identified till
date in interplanetary space. In fact, the questions were raised on their
existence based on the theoretical ground. Here, we demonstrate the first
observable in-situ evidence of Alfvenic turbulent shock-sheath at 1 AU. The
study has strong implications in the domain of an interplanetary space plasma,
its interaction with planetary plasma and astrophysical plasma.


  In our previous paper, we have reported the detection of a Balmer edge
absorption feature in the polarized flux of one quasar (Ton 202). We have now
found similar Balmer edge features in the polarized flux of four more quasars
(4C09.72, 3C95, B2 1208+32, 3C323.1), and possibly a few more, out of 14 newly
observed with the VLT and Keck telescopes. In addition, we also re-observed Ton
202, but we did not detect such a dramatic feature, apparently due to
polarization variability (the two observations are one-year apart). The
polarization measurements of some quasars are affected by an interstellar
polarization in our Galaxy, but the measurements have been corrected for this
effect reasonably well.
  Since the broad emission lines are essentially unpolarized and the
polarization is confined only to the continuum in the five quasars including
Ton 202 in both epochs, the polarized flux is considered to originate interior
to the broad emission line region. The Balmer edge feature seen in the
polarized flux is most simply interpreted as an intrinsic spectral feature of
the quasar UV/optical continuum, or the ``Big Blue Bump'' emission. In this
case, the edge feature seen in absorption indeed indicates the thermal and
optically-thick nature of the continuum emitted. However, we also discuss other
possible interpretations.


  We borrow ideas from Grothendieck duality theory to noncommutative algebra,
and use them to prove a reduction result for Hochschild cohomology for
noncommutative algebras which are finite over their center. This generalizes a
result over commutative algebras by Avramov, Iyengar, Lipman and Nayak.


  We established the allowed parameters of two-Higgs doublet model(2HDM) from
flavor physics observables, precisely from rare $B$ meson decays. In our
analysis most formidable constraints on the 2HDM parameters arise from the
branching ratio of rare radiative $B$ meson decay i.e., $B\to X_{s}\gamma$.
However, the constraints arising from the branching ratio of
$B_{s}\to\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decay in $m_{H^{\pm}}-\tan\beta$ plane give
$m_{H^{\pm}} >$ 80 GeV for the value of $\tan\beta\sim 2$, that is in agreement
with large electron-positron collider (LEP) data. Furthermore, we also
investigate the bounds on the $CP$-even $m_{H}$ and $CP$-odd $m_{A^{0}}$ Higgs
boson not only from above mentioned physical observables, but also from the
zero crossing of the forward-backward asymmetry of $B\to
K^{\ast}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decay. Therefore, these bounds on parameters of the
2HDM will provides a fertile ground to test the 2HDM at current and future
$B$-physics experiments.


  Wireless networks are becoming ever more sophisticated and overcrowded,
imposing the most delay, jitter, and throughput damage to end-to-end network
flows in today's internet. We therefore argue for fine-grained mobile
endpoint-based wireless measurements to inform a precise congestion control
algorithm through a well-defined API to the mobile's wireless physical layer.
Our proposed congestion control algorithm is based on Physical-Layer Bandwidth
measurements taken at the Endpoint (PBE-CC), and captures the latest 5G New
Radio innovations that increase wireless capacity, yet create abrupt rises and
falls in available wireless capacity that the PBE-CC sender can react to
precisely and very rapidly. We implement a proof-of-concept prototype of the
PBE measurement module on software-defined radios and the PBE sender and
receiver in C. An extensive performance evaluation compares PBE-CC head to head
against the leading cellular-aware and wireless-oblivious congestion control
protocols proposed in the research community and in deployment, in mobile and
static mobile scenarios, and over busy and quiet networks. Results show 6.3%
higher average throughput than BBR, while simultaneously reducing 95th
percentile delay by 1.8x.


  We present a stellar population analysis of quiescent (without H$\alpha$
emission) and bright ($M_{r}$ $<$ $-$21.5) early-type galaxies (ETGs) with
recent star formation. The ETGs are selected from a spectroscopic sample of
SDSS galaxies at 0.04 $<$ $z$ $<$ 0.11 with {\it WISE} mid-infrared (IR) and
{\it GALEX} near-ultraviolet (UV) emissions. We stack the optical spectra of
ETGs with different amounts of mid-IR and near-UV excess emissions to measure
the strength of 4000 \AA{} break $D_{n}$4000 and the width of Balmer absorption
line H$\delta_{A}$ that are indicative of recent ($\sim$1 Gyr) star formation
activity. The {\it WISE} [3.4]$-$[12] colors show stronger correlations with
the spectral features than NUV$-r$ colors. We fit to the stacked spectra with a
spectral fitting code, STARLIGHT, and find that the mass fraction of young
($\leq$1 Gyr) and intermediate-age ($\sim$1$-$5 Gyr) stars in the ETGs with
mid-IR excess emission is $\sim$4$-$11\%, depending on the template spectrum
used for the fit. These results show that the ETGs with mid-IR excess emission
have experienced star formation within the last 1$-$5 Gyr and that the mid-IR
emission is a useful diagnostic tool for probing recent star formation activity
in ETGs.


  The development of mathematics has been characterized by the increasing
interconnectivity of seemingly separate disciplines. Such interplay has been
facilitated by a massive development in formalism; category theory has provided
a common language to the study of mathematics. In the opposite direction, we
have seen algebraic topology and category theory synthesize via higher category
theory. In this expository paper, we examine an application of higher category
theory to geometry through the development of simplicial rings and derived
schemes.


  We apply canonical Poisson-Lie T-duality transformations to bosonic open
string worldsheet boundary conditions, showing that the form of these
conditions is invariant at the classical level, and therefore they are
compatible with Poisson-Lie T-duality. In particular the conditions for
conformal invariance are automatically preserved, rendering also the dual model
conformal. The boundary conditions are defined in terms of a gluing matrix
which encodes the properties of D-branes, and we derive the duality map for
this matrix. We demonstrate explicitly the implications of this map for
D-branes in two non-Abelian Drinfel'd doubles.


  Monitored quantum dynamics reveal quantum state trajectories which exhibit a
rich phenomenology of entanglement structures, including a transition from a
weakly-monitored volume law entangled phase to a strongly-monitored area law
phase. For one-dimensional hybrid circuits with both random unitary dynamics
and interspersed measurements, we combine analytic mappings to an effective
statistical mechanics model with extensive numerical simulations on hybrid
Clifford circuits to demonstrate that the universal entanglement properties of
the volume law phase can be quantitatively described by a fluctuating
entanglement domain wall that is equivalent to a "directed polymer in a random
environment" (DPRE). This relationship improves upon a qualitative "mean-field"
statistical mechanics of the volume-law-entangled phase [1, 2]. For the
Clifford circuit in various geometries, we obtain agreement between the
subleading entanglement entropies and error correcting properties of the
volume-law phase (which quantify its stability to projective measurements) with
predictions of the DPRE. We further demonstrate that depolarizing noise in the
hybrid dynamics near the final circuit time can drive a continuous phase
transition to a non-error correcting volume law phase that is not immune to the
disentangling action of projective measurements. We observe this transition in
hybrid Clifford dynamics, and obtain quantitative agreement with critical
exponents for a "pinning" phase transition of the DPRE in the presence of an
attractive interface.


  Neural-network models of high-level brain functions such as memory recall and
reasoning often rely on the presence of stochasticity. The majority of these
models assumes that each neuron in the functional network is equipped with its
own private source of randomness, often in the form of uncorrelated external
noise. However, both in vivo and in silico, the number of noise sources is
limited due to space and bandwidth constraints. Hence, neurons in large
networks usually need to share noise sources. Here, we show that the resulting
shared-noise correlations can significantly impair the performance of
stochastic network models. We demonstrate that this problem can be overcome by
using deterministic recurrent neural networks as sources of uncorrelated noise,
exploiting the decorrelating effect of inhibitory feedback. Consequently, even
a single recurrent network of a few hundred neurons can serve as a natural
noise source for large ensembles of functional networks, each comprising
thousands of units. We successfully apply the proposed framework to a diverse
set of binary-unit networks with different dimensionalities and entropies, as
well as to a network reproducing handwritten digits with distinct predefined
frequencies. Finally, we show that the same design transfers to functional
networks of spiking neurons.


  We analyze the properties of nonclassical number states, specifically
squeezed number states D(a)S(z)|n >, and find their maximum signal-to-quantum
noise ratio. It is shown that the optimal signal-to-quantum noise ratio for
these states decreases as 1/(2n+1)2, where n is the photon number, from the
optimal value as derived by Yuen.


  The guiding-center reduction is studied using gyro-gauge-independent
coordinates. The Lagrangian 1-form of charged particle dynamics is Lie
transformed without introducing a gyro-gauge, but using directly the unit
vector of the component of the velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field as
the coordinate corresponding to Larmor gyration. The reduction is shown to
provide a maximal reduction for the Lagrangian and to work to all orders in the
Larmor radius, following exactly the same procedure as when working with the
standard gauge-dependent coordinate. The gauge-dependence is removed from the
coordinate system by using a constrained variable for the gyro-angle. The
closed 1-form d teta is replaced by a more general non-closed 1-form, which is
equal to d theta in the gauge-dependent case. The gauge vector is replaced by a
more general connection in the definition of the gradient, which behaves as a
covariant derivative, in perfect agreement with the circle-bundle picture. This
explains some results of previous works, whose gauge-independent expressions
did not correspond to a gauge fixing but indeed correspond to a connection
fixing. In addition, some general results are obtained for the guiding-center
reduction. The expansion is polynomial in the cotangent of the pitch-angle as
an effect of the structure of the Lagrangian, preserved by Lie derivatives. The
induction for the reduction is shown to rely on the inversion of a matrix which
is the same for all orders higher than three. It is inverted and explicit
induction relations are obtained to go to arbitrary order in the perturbation
expansion. The Hamiltonian and symplectic representations of the guiding-center
reduction are recovered, but conditions for the symplectic representation at
each order are emphasized.


  Documents in scientific newspapers are often marked by attitudes and opinions
of the author and/or other persons, who contribute with objective and
subjective statements and arguments as well. In this respect, the attitude is
often accomplished by a linguistic modality. As in languages like english,
french and german, the modality is expressed by special verbs like can, must,
may, etc. and the subjunctive mood, an occurrence of modalities often induces
that these verbs take over the role of modality. This is not correct as it is
proven that modality is the instrument of the whole sentence where both the
adverbs, modal particles, punctuation marks, and the intonation of a sentence
contribute. Often, a combination of all these instruments are necessary to
express a modality. In this work, we concern with the finding of modal verbs in
scientific texts as a pre-step towards the discovery of the attitude of an
author. Whereas the input will be an arbitrary text, the output consists of
zones representing modalities.


  In this paper we consider a shape optimization problem for the minimization
of the erosion, that is caused by the impact of inert particles onto the walls
of a bended pipe. Using the continuous adjoint approach, we formally compute
the shape derivative of the optimization problem, which is based on a one-way
coupled, fully Eulerian description of a monodisperse particle jet, that is
transported in a carrier fluid. We validate our approach by numerically
optimizing a three-dimensional pipe segment with respect to a single particle
species using a gradient descent method, and show, that the erosion rates on
the optimized geometry are reduced with respect to the initial bend for a
broader range of particle Stokes numbers.


  We investigate the temperature-pressure phase diagram of BaTiO_3 using a
first-principles effective-Hamiltonian approach. We find that the zero-point
motion of the ions affects the form of the phase diagram dramatically.
Specifically, when the zero-point fluctuations are included in the
calculations, all the polar (tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral) phases
of BaTiO_3 survive down to 0 K, while only the rhombohedral phase does
otherwise. We provide a simple explanation for this behavior. Our results
confirm the essential correctness of the phase diagram proposed by Ishidate et
al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2397 (1997)).


  We present highly-excited charmonium, $D_s$ and $D$ meson spectra from
dynamical lattice QCD calculations with light quarks corresponding to $M_{\pi}
\sim 240$ MeV and compare these to previous results with $M_{\pi} \sim 400$
MeV. Utilising the distillation framework, large bases of carefully constructed
interpolating operators and a variational procedure, we extract and reliably
identify the continuum spin of an extensive set of excited mesons. These
include states with exotic quantum numbers which, along with a number with
non-exotic quantum numbers, we identify as having excited gluonic degrees of
freedom and interpret as hybrid mesons. Comparing the spectra at the two
different $M_\pi$, we find only a mild light-quark mass dependence and no
change in the overall pattern of states.


  Traces of inverse powers of a positive definite symmetric tridiagonal matrix
give lower bounds of the minimal singular value of an upper bidiagonal matrix.
In a preceding work, a formula for the traces which gives the diagonal entries
of the inverse powers is presented. In this paper, we present another formula
which gives the traces based on a quite different idea from the one in the
preceding work. An efficient implementation of the formula for practice is also
presented.


  High biocompatibility, variable size ranging from ~ 5 nm, stable luminescence
from its color centers and simple carbon chemistry for biomolecule grafting
make nanodiamond (ND) particles an attractive alternative to molecular dyes for
drug-delivery. Here we present a novel method for remote monitoring of chemical
processes in biological environment based on color changes from
photo-luminescent NV centers in ND. We propose to drive the NV luminescence
chemically, by alternating the surface electric field developed by interacting
atoms and molecules with the diamond surface. Due to the small ND size, the
developed electric field penetrates into the bulk of the nanoparticle and
intermingles with the electronic NV states. This allows construction of optical
chemo-biosensors operating in cells, visible in classical confocal microscopes.
We demonstrate this phenomenon on oxidized and hydrogenated ND as well as
single crystal diamond containing engineered NV centers. Hydrogenation of NDs
leads to quenching of luminescence related to negatively charged (NV-) centers
and by this way produces color shifts from NV- (636 nm) to neutral NV0 (575nm)
luminescence. We model how the reduction of diamond size increases the
magnitude of NV color shift phenomena.


  We give a geometrically motivated measure of skewness, define a mean value
triangle number, and dispersion (in that order) of a fuzzy number without
reference or seeking analogy to the namesake but parallel concepts in
probability theory. These measures come about by way of a new representation of
fuzzy numbers as parameterized curves respectively their associated tangent
bundle. Importantly skewness and dispersion are given as functions of $\alpha$
(the degree of membership) and such may be given separately and pointwise at
each $\alpha$-level, as well as overall. This allows for e.g., when a
mathematical model is formulated in fuzzy numbers, to run optimization programs
level-wise thereby encapsuling with deliberate accuracy the involved membership
functions' characteristics while increasing the computational complexity by
only a multiplicative factor compared to the same program formulated in real
variables and parameters. As an example the work offers a contribution to the
recently very popular fuzzy mean-variance-skewness portfolio optimization.


  This article is an extended version of the talk given by the author in the
seminar Th\'eorie Spectrale et G\'eom\'etrie at the Institut Fourier in March
2022. We present some results from the author's doctoral thesis, extended by
several results from other papers. We give a parametrization of the space of
maximal framed representations of the fundamental group of a punctured surface
into a Hermitian Lie group of tube type that can be seen as
$\mathrm{Sp}_2(A,\sigma)$ for a Hermitian algebra $(A,\sigma)$. Using this
parametrization, we count connected components of the space of maximal framed
representations as well as the space of maximal (non-framed) representations.


  We demonstrate a compact and versatile laser system for stimulated Raman
spectroscopy (SRS). The system is based on a tunable continuous wave (CW) probe
laser combined with a home-built semi-monolithic nanosecond pulsed pump Nd:YVO4
laser at 1064 nm. The CW operation of the probe laser offers narrow linewidth,
low noise and the advantage that temporal synchronization with the pump is not
required. The laser system enables polarization-sensitive stimulated Raman
spectroscopy (PS-SRS) with fast high resolution measurement of the
depolarization ratio by simultaneous detection of Raman scattered light in
orthogonal polarizations, thus providing information about the symmetry of the
Raman-active vibrational modes. Measurements of the depolarization ratios of
the carbon-hydrogen (CH) stretching modes in two different polymer samples in
the spectral range of 2825-3025 cm-1 were performed. Raman spectra are obtained
at a sweep rate of 20 nm/s (84 cm-1/s) with a resolution of 0.65 cm-1. A
normalization method is introduced for the direct comparison of the
simultaneously acquired orthogonal polarized Raman spectra.


  We report measurents of the continuum $R_{\rm uds}$ near the center-of-mass
energy of 3.70 GeV, the $R_{{\rm uds(c)}+\psi(3770)}(s)$ and the $R_{\rm
had}(s)$ values in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at 68 energy points in the energy
region between 3.650 and 3.872 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC
Collodier. We obtain the $R_{\rm uds}$ for the continuum light hadron
(containing u, d and s quarks) production near the $D\bar D$ threshold to be
$R_{\rm uds}=2.141 \pm 0.025 \pm 0.085$.


  Spintronic devices, such as the domain walls and skyrmions, have shown
significant potential for applications in energy-efficient data storage and
beyond CMOS computing architectures. In recent years, spiking neural networks
have shown more bio-plausibility. Based on the magnetic multilayer spintronic
devices, we demonstrate the magnetic field-gated Leaky integrate and fire
neuron characteristics for the spiking neural network applications. The LIF
characteristics are controlled by the current pulses, which drive the domain
wall, and an external magnetic field is used as the bias to tune the firing
properties of the neuron. Thus, the device works like a gate-controlled LIF
neuron, acting like a spintronic Mem-Transistor device. We develop a LIF neuron
model based on the measured characteristics to show the device integration in
the system-level SNNs. We extend the study and propose a scaled version of the
demonstrated device with a multilayer spintronic domain wall magnetic tunnel
junction as a LIF neuron. using the combination of SOT and the variation of the
demagnetization energy across the thin film, the modified leaky integrate and
fire LIF neuron characteristics are realized in the proposed devices. The
neuron device characteristics are modeled as the modified LIF neuron model.
Finally, we integrate the measured and simulated neuron models in the 3-layer
spiking neural network and convolutional spiking neural network CSNN framework
to test these spiking neuron models for classification of the MNIST and FMNIST
datasets. In both architectures, the network achieves classification accuracy
above 96%. Considering the good system-level performance, mem-transistor
properties, and promise for scalability. The presented devices show an
excellent properties for neuromorphic computing applications.


  We describe the interplay between d-wave superconductivity and spin density
wave (SDW) order in a theory of the hole-doped cuprates at hole densities below
optimal doping. The theory assumes local SDW order, and associated electron and
hole pocket Fermi surfaces of charge carriers in the normal state. We describe
quantum and thermal fluctuations in the orientation of the local SDW order,
which lead to d-wave superconductivity: we compute the superconducting critical
temperature and magnetic field in a `minimal' universal theory. We also
describe the back-action of the superconductivity on the SDW order, showing
that SDW order is more stable in the metal. Our results capture key aspects of
the phase diagram of Demler et al. (cond-mat/0103192) obtained in a
phenomenological quantum theory of competing orders. Finally, we propose a
finite temperature crossover phase diagram for the cuprates. In the metallic
state, these are controlled by a `hidden' quantum critical point near optimal
doping involving the onset of SDW order in a metal. However, the onset of
superconductivity results in a decrease in stability of the SDW order, and
consequently the actual SDW quantum critical point appears at a significantly
lower doping.
  All our analysis is placed in the context of recent experimental results.


  This is a sequel to [Xu18] on the $L$-packets of quasisplit general
symplectic and even orthogonal groups. We show the existence of global
$L$-packets and establish the functoriality of endoscopic transfer for them in
many cases.


  Using the QCD sum rules method, we estimate the mass and residues of the
first radial excitations of octet baryons. The contributions coming from the
ground state baryons are eliminated by constructing the linear combinations of
the sum rules corresponding to different Lorentz structures. Our predictions of
the masses of the first radial excitations of octet baryons are in good
agreement with the data.


  Generalized relational theories with null values in the sense of Reiter are
first-order theories that provide a semantics for relational databases with
incomplete information. In this paper we show that any such theory can be
turned into an equivalent logic program, so that models of the theory can be
generated using computational methods of answer set programming. As a step
towards this goal, we develop a general method for calculating stable models
under the domain closure assumption but without the unique name assumption.


  We show that groupoid equivalence preserves a number of groupoid properties
such as properness or the property of being topologically principal.


  The magnetoresistance as a function of temperature and field for atomically
flat interfaces between 8 unit cells of LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 is reported.
Anomalous anisotropic behavior of the magnetoresistance is observed below 30 K
for superconducting samples with carrier concentration of 3.5\times10^13 cm^-2
. We associate this behavior to a magnetic order formed at the interface.


  Place recognition based on point clouds (LiDAR) is an important component for
autonomous robots or self-driving vehicles. Current SOTA performance is
achieved on accumulated LiDAR submaps using either point-based or voxel-based
structures. While voxel-based approaches nicely integrate spatial context
across multiple scales, they do not exhibit the local precision of point-based
methods. As a result, existing methods struggle with fine-grained matching of
subtle geometric features in sparse single-shot Li- DAR scans. To overcome
these limitations, we propose CASSPR as a method to fuse point-based and
voxel-based approaches using cross attention transformers. CASSPR leverages a
sparse voxel branch for extracting and aggregating information at lower
resolution and a point-wise branch for obtaining fine-grained local
information. CASSPR uses queries from one branch to try to match structures in
the other branch, ensuring that both extract self-contained descriptors of the
point cloud (rather than one branch dominating), but using both to inform the
output global descriptor of the point cloud. Extensive experiments show that
CASSPR surpasses the state-of-the-art by a large margin on several datasets
(Oxford RobotCar, TUM, USyd). For instance, it achieves AR@1 of 85.6% on the
TUM dataset, surpassing the strongest prior model by ~15%. Our code is publicly
available.


  Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has received widespread attention
owing to the superiority of changing the wireless propagation environment
intelligently. Channel feedback is essential in frequency division duplex (FDD)
RIS-assisted wireless communications, since the downlink channel state
information (CSI) needs to be acquired by the base station (BS) from the user
equipment (UE) for the joint beamforming at the BS and the RIS. In this paper,
we exploit the single-structured sparsity of RIS channel, which means that the
sparse angular-domain channels of different users share the same structured
sparsity only in the column dimension, but not in the row dimension. Based on
this characteristic, we propose a dimension reduced channel feedback scheme
with the low overhead. Specifically, the downlink CSI can be expressed with the
structured information and unstructured information. The structured information
of the multi-user channels can be fed back to the BS only by one user according
to the single-structured sparsity, then the unstructured information can be fed
back with a fairly low overhead by different users, respectively. Moreover, by
utilizing the angle coherence time, the per-user overhead can be reduced
further, while the near-optimal performance can still be guaranteed. Simulation
results show that, the proposed scheme can reduce the channel feedback overhead
by 80% compared to the conventional method.


  Wall-clock-time is minimized for a solution to a linear-program with
block-diagonal-structure, by decomposing the linear-program into as many
small-sized subproblems as possible, each block resulting in a separate
subproblem, when the number of available parallel-processing-units is at least
equal to the number of blocks. This is not necessarily the case when the
parallel processing capability is limited, causing multiple subproblems to be
serially solved on the same processing-unit. In such a situation, it might be
better to aggregate blocks into larger sized subproblems. The optimal
aggregation strategy depends on the computing-platform used, and minimizes the
average-case running time for the set of subproblems. We show that optimal
aggregation is NP-hard when blocks are of unequal size, and that optimal
aggregation can be achieved within polynomial-time when blocks are of equal
size.


  We study the problem of privately emulating shared memory in message-passing
networks. The system includes clients that store and retrieve replicated
information on N servers, out of which e are malicious. When a client access a
malicious server, the data field of that server response might be different
than the value it originally stored. However, all other control variables in
the server reply and protocol actions are according to the server algorithm.
For the coded atomic storage (CAS) algorithms by Cadambe et al., we present an
enhancement that ensures no information leakage and malicious fault-tolerance.
  We also consider recovery after the occurrence of transient faults that
violate the assumptions according to which the system is to behave. After their
last occurrence, transient faults leave the system in an arbitrary state (while
the program code stays intact). We present a self-stabilizing algorithm, which
recovers after the occurrence of transient faults. This addition to Cadambe et
al. considers asynchronous settings as long as no transient faults occur. The
recovery from transient faults that bring the system counters (close) to their
maximal values may include the use of a global reset procedure, which requires
the system run to be controlled by a fair scheduler. After the recovery period,
the safety properties are provided for asynchronous system runs that are not
necessarily controlled by fair schedulers.
  Since the recovery period is bounded and the occurrence of transient faults
is extremely rare, we call this design criteria self-stabilization in the
presence of seldom fairness. Our self-stabilizing algorithm uses a bounded
storage during asynchronous executions (that are not necessarily fair). To the
best of our knowledge, we are the first to address privacy and
self-stabilization in the context of emulating atomic shared memory in
networked systems.


  The paper proposes a Riemannian Manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler to
resolve the shortcomings of existing Monte Carlo algorithms when sampling from
target densities that may be high dimensional and exhibit strong correlations.
The method provides a fully automated adaptation mechanism that circumvents the
costly pilot runs required to tune proposal densities for Metropolis-Hastings
or indeed Hybrid Monte Carlo and Metropolis Adjusted Langevin Algorithms. This
allows for highly efficient sampling even in very high dimensions where
different scalings may be required for the transient and stationary phases of
the Markov chain. The proposed method exploits the Riemannian structure of the
parameter space of statistical models and thus automatically adapts to the
local manifold structure at each step based on the metric tensor. A
semi-explicit second order symplectic integrator for non-separable Hamiltonians
is derived for simulating paths across this manifold which provides highly
efficient convergence and exploration of the target density. The performance of
the Riemannian Manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method is assessed by
performing posterior inference on logistic regression models, log-Gaussian Cox
point processes, stochastic volatility models, and Bayesian estimation of
parameter posteriors of dynamical systems described by nonlinear differential
equations. Substantial improvements in the time normalised Effective Sample
Size are reported when compared to alternative sampling approaches. Matlab code
at \url{http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/inference/rmhmc} allows replication of all
results.


  This paper presents a new data-driven controller synthesis based on the
Koopman operator and the extended $\mathcal{H}_2$ norm characterization of
discrete-time linear systems. We model dynamical systems as polytope sets which
are derived from multiple data-driven linear models obtained by the finite
approximation of the Koopman operator and then used to design robust feedback
controllers combined with the $\mathcal{H}_2$ norm characterization. The use of
the $\mathcal{H}_2$ norm characterization is aimed to deal with the model
uncertainty that arises due to the nature of the data-driven setting of the
problem. The effectiveness of the proposed controller synthesis is investigated
through numerical simulations.


  We report infrared spectroscopy of the prototypical Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC
1068, aiming at detection of broad components of hydrogen recombination lines
that originate in the obscured broad-line region. Using the Short Wavelength
Spectrometer on board the Infrared Space Observatory, we have observed for the
first time the regions of Brackett beta 2.626um and Pfund alpha 7.460um, and
present improved data for Brackett alpha 4.052um. No significant broad
components are detected, implying an equivalent visual extinction to the
broad-line region of at least 50 magnitudes and an obscuring column density of
at least 10^23 cm^-2. While consistent with a highly obscured broad-line
region, as required by the classical unified scenario, these limits are not yet
significant enough to discriminate strongly between different torus models or
to constrain properties of the gas causing the very large X-ray obscuration. We
discuss the systematic limitations of infrared broad-line region searches and
suggest that Brackett alpha may often be the most favorable transition for
future searches.


  In this paper, a semi-Lagrangian gas-kinetic scheme is developed for smooth
flows based on the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation. As a finite-volume
scheme, the evolution of the average flow variables in a control volume is
under the Eulerian framework, whereas the construction of the numerical flux
across the cell interface comes from the Lagrangian perspective. The adoption
of the Lagrangian aspect makes the collision and the transport mechanisms
intrinsically coupled together in the flux evaluation. As a result, the time
step is independent of the particle collision time and solely determined by the
Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) conditions. A set of simulations are carried out
to validate the performance of the new scheme. The results show that with
second-order spatial accuracy, the scheme exhibits low numerical dissipation,
and can accurately capture the Navier-Stokers solutions for the smooth flows
with viscous heat dissipation from the low-speed incompressible to hypersonic
compressible regimes.


  Recently it was demonstrated how climate data can be utilized to estimate
regional wind power densities. In particular it was shown that the quality of
the global scale estimate compared well with regional high resolution studies
and a link between surface temperature and moist density in the estimate was
presented. In the present paper the methodology is tested further, to ensure
that the results using one climate data set are reliable. This is achieved by
extending the study to include four ensemble members. With the confidence that
one instantiation is sufficient a climate change data set, which was also a
result of the UPSCALE experiment, is analyzed. This, for the first time,
provides a projection of future changes in wind power resources using this data
set. This climate change data set is based on the Representative Concentration
Pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario. This provides guidance for
developers and policy makers to mitigate and adapt.


  The equivalence between a higher derivative extension of Maxwell-Chern-Simons
Proca model and some gauge invariant theories from the point of view of the
Hamiltonian path integral quantization in the framework of gauge-unfixing
approach is investigated. The Hamiltonian path integrals of the first-class
systems take manifestly Lorentz-covariant forms.


  Simulation of materials at the atomistic level is an important tool in
studying microscopic structure and processes. The atomic interactions necessary
for the simulation are correctly described by Quantum Mechanics. However, the
computational resources required to solve the quantum mechanical equations
limits the use of Quantum Mechanics at most to a few hundreds of atoms and only
to a small fraction of the available configurational space. This thesis
presents the results of my research on the development of a new interatomic
potential generation scheme, which we refer to as Gaussian Approximation
Potentials. In our framework, the quantum mechanical potential energy surface
is interpolated between a set of predetermined values at different points in
atomic configurational space by a non-linear, non-parametric regression method,
the Gaussian Process. To perform the fitting, we represent the atomic
environments by the bispectrum, which is invariant to permutations of the atoms
in the neighbourhood and to global rotations. The result is a general scheme,
that allows one to generate interatomic potentials based on arbitrary quantum
mechanical data. We built a series of Gaussian Approximation Potentials using
data obtained from Density Functional Theory and tested the capabilities of the
method. We showed that our models reproduce the quantum mechanical potential
energy surface remarkably well for the group IV semiconductors, iron and
gallium nitride. Our potentials, while maintaining quantum mechanical accuracy,
are several orders of magnitude faster than Quantum Mechanical methods.


  We use the concept of co-added rotation curves of Salucci et al. to
investigate the properties of axi-symmetric multistate Scalar Field Dark Matter
halos in low surface brightness galaxies and dwarf disc galaxies. We fit their
rotation curves in two-state configurations and we find that all of these can
be well fitted with a particle mass $\mu \sim (10^{-23} -
10^{-24})\rm{eV}/c^2$. Comparing our results with the standard cosmological
model, the well-known $\Lambda$-cold dark matter, by using the Bayesian
information criterion and the Akaike information criterion, we found that our
two-state model seemed to be preferred.


  We study theoretically the nonlinear optical response of a two-dimensional
semiconductor quantum dot supercrystal under a resonant continuous wave
excitation. A single quantum dot is modeled as a three-level ladder-like system
with the ground, one-exciton, and bi-exction states. We propose an exact linear
parametric method of solving the nonlinear steady-state problem. It is
demonstrate that the system may exhibit multistability, periodic and aperiodic
self-oscillations, and hyperchaotic behavior, depending on the system's
parameters and frequency of excitation. The effects originate from the retarded
dipole-dipole interaction of quantum dots. The latter provides a positive
feedback which, in combination with the nonlinearity of SQDs, leads to an
exotic nonlinear dynamics of the system indicated above. We discuss relevance
of the underlined effects for nanosized all-optical devices. In particular, a
quantum dot supercrystal may serve as a nanosized all-optical switch, a tunable
generator of trains of THz pulses (in self-oscillating regime), as well as a
noise generator (in chaotic regime) at the nanoscale. We show also that the
supercrystal can operate as a bistable mirror. All this suggests various
nanophotonic applications of such type of materials.


  Kinematic constraint arising in the case of superconducting pairing with
large momentum results in a cutoff of the screened Coulomb potential excluding
large momentum transfers. This leads to a pairing potential oscillating in the
real space that ensures a rise of bound singlet pairs. In multilayer cuprates,
there is strong Coulomb interaction between particles composing the pair not
only in the same cuprate layer but in the neighboring layers as well. In the
framework of such a scenario, we explain a universal dependence of the
superconducting transition temperature on the number of layers in the unit cell
observed in homologous cuprate families.


  Specification mining offers a solution by automating security specification
for hardware. Specification miners use a form of machine learning to specify
behaviors of a system by studying a system in execution. However, specification
mining was first developed for use with software. Complex hardware designs
offer unique challenges for this technique. Further, specification miners
traditionally capture functional specifications without a notion of security,
and may not use the specification logics necessary to describe some security
requirements.
  This work demonstrates specification mining for hardware security. On CISC
architectures such as x86, I demonstrate that a miner partitioning the design
state space along control signals discovers a specification that includes
manually defined properties and, if followed, would secure CPU designs against
Memory Sinkhole and SYSRET privilege escalation. For temporal properties, I
demonstrate that a miner using security specific linear temporal logic (LTL)
templates for specification detection may find properties that, if followed,
would secure designs against historical documented security vulnerabilities and
against potential future attacks targeting system initialization. For
information--flow hyperproperties, I demonstrate that a miner may use
Information Flow Tracking (IFT) to develop output properties containing
designer specified information--flow security properties as well as properties
that demonstrate a design does not contain certain Common Weakness Enumerations
(CWEs).


  In this paper, we correct an inaccurate result of previous works on the
Feynman propagator in position space of a free Dirac field in (3+1)-dimensional
spacetime, and we derive the generalized analytic formulas of both the scalar
Feynman propagator and the spinor Feynman propagator in position space in
arbitrary (D+1)-dimensional spacetime, and we further find a recurrence
relation among the spinor Feynman propagator in (D+1)-dimensional spacetime and
the scalar Feynman propagators in (D+1)-, (D-1)- and (D+3)-dimensional
spacetimes.


  We present a study of the Rydberg spectrum in $^{39}K$ for $nS$ and
$nD_{3/2}$ series connected to $5^2P_{1/2}$ using two-photon spectroscopy based
on EIT in a heated vapor cell. We observed some 80 transitions from $5P_{1/2}$
to Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers $n\sim50-90$, and determined
their transition frequencies and state energies with sub-GHz precision. Our
spectroscopy results lay the groundwork for using Rydberg atoms as sensitive
microwave photon detectors in searches for dark matter axions in the
$\sim40-200$ $\mu$eV mass range, which is a prime range for future axion
searches suggested by theory studies.


  In this paper, we derive the quadratic formula as a consequence of
constructively proving the existence of standard and factored forms for general
form real quadratic functions. Emphasis is put on connections to graphing of
corresponding parabolas through function transformation perspectives of scaling
and translation.


  Building a library of concurrent data structures is an essential way to
simplify the difficult task of developing concurrent software. Lock-free data
structures, in which processes can help one another to complete operations,
offer the following progress guarantee: If processes take infinitely many
steps, then infinitely many operations are performed. Handcrafted lock-free
data structures can be very efficient, but are notoriously difficult to
implement. We introduce numerous tools that support the development of
efficient lock-free data structures, and especially trees.


  In this paper, we propose and evaluate different learning strategies based on
Multi-Arm Bandit (MAB) algorithms. They allow Internet of Things (IoT) devices
to improve their access to the network and their autonomy, while taking into
account the impact of encountered radio collisions. For that end, several
heuristics employing Upper-Confident Bound (UCB) algorithms are examined, to
explore the contextual information provided by the number of retransmissions.
Our results show that approaches based on UCB obtain a significant improvement
in terms of successful transmission probabilities. Furthermore, it also reveals
that a pure UCB channel access is as efficient as more sophisticated learning
strategies.


  We cross-correlate the new 3 year Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe (WMAP3)
cosmic microwave background (CMB) data with the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS)
radio galaxy data, and find further evidence of late integrated Sachs-Wolfe
(ISW) effect taking place at late times in cosmic history. Our detection makes
use of a novel statistical method based on a new construction of spherical
wavelets, called needlets. The null hypothesis (no ISW) is excluded at more
than 99.7% confidence. When we compare the measured cross-correlation with the
theoretical predictions of standard, flat cosmological models with a
generalized dark energy component parameterized by its density, $\omde$,
equation of state $w$ and speed of sound $\cs2$, we find $0.3\leq\omde\leq0.8$
at 95% c.l., independently of $\cs2$ and $w$. If dark energy is assumed to be a
cosmological constant ($w=-1$), the bound on density shrinks to
$0.41\leq\omde\leq 0.79$. Models without dark energy are excluded at more than
$4\sigma$. The bounds on $w$ depend rather strongly on the assumed value of
$\cs2$.


  Our goal in this paper is to automatically extract a set of decision rules
(rule set) that best explains a classification data set. First, a large set of
decision rules is extracted from a set of decision trees trained on the data
set. The rule set should be concise, accurate, have a maximum coverage and
minimum number of inconsistencies. This problem can be formalized as a modified
version of the weighted budgeted maximum coverage problem, known to be NP-hard.
To solve the combinatorial optimization problem efficiently, we introduce a
nested genetic algorithm which we then use to derive explanations for ten
public data sets.


  A search for long-lived charged particles reaching the muon spectrometer is
performed using a data sample of 37 pb^-1 from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No excess is observed above the
estimated background. Stable stau's are excluded at 95% CL up to a mass of 136
GeV, in GMSB models with N5 = 3, messenger = 250 TeV, sign(mu) = 1 and tan beta
= 5. Electroweak production of sleptons is excluded up to a mass of 110 GeV.
Gluino R-hadrons in a generic interaction model are excluded up to masses of
530 GeV to 544 GeV depending on the fraction of R-hadrons produced as
gluino-balls


  The controller area network (CAN) is the most widely used intra-vehicular
communication network in the automotive industry. Because of its simplicity in
design, it lacks most of the requirements needed for a security-proven
communication protocol. However, a safe and secured environment is imperative
for autonomous as well as connected vehicles. Therefore CAN security is
considered one of the important topics in the automotive research community. In
this paper, we propose a four-stage intrusion detection system that uses the
chi-squared method and can detect any kind of strong and weak cyber attacks in
a CAN. This work is the first-ever graph-based defense system proposed for the
CAN. Our experimental results show that we have a very low 5.26%
misclassification for denial of service (DoS) attack, 10% misclassification for
fuzzy attack, 4.76% misclassification for replay attack, and no
misclassification for spoofing attack. In addition, the proposed methodology
exhibits up to 13.73% better accuracy compared to existing ID sequence-based
methods.


  The dodecacode is a nonlinear additive quaternary code of length $12$. By
puncturing it at any of the twelve coordinates, we obtain a uniformly packed
code of distance $5$. In particular, this latter code is completely regular but
not completely transitive. Its coset graph is distance-regular of diameter
three on $2^{10}$ vertices, with new intersection array $\{33,30,15;1,2,15\}$.
The automorphism groups of the code, and of the graph, are determined.
Connecting the vertices at distance two gives a strongly regular graph of
(previously known) parameters $(2^{10},495,238,240)$. Another strongly regular
graph with the same parameters is constructed on the codewords of the dual
code. A non trivial completely regular binary code of length $33$ is
constructed.


  We investigate connectedness within and across two major groups or assets: i)
five popular cryptocurrencies, and ii) six major asset classes plus two
commonly employed risk factors. Granger-causality tests uncover six direct
channels of causality from the elements of the mainstream assets/risk factors
group to digital assets. On the other hand there are two statistically
significant causal links going in the other direction. In order to provide some
perspective on the magnitude of the uncovered linkages we supplement the
analysis by estimating networks from forecast error variance decompositions.
The estimated connectedness within the groups is relatively large, whereas the
linkages across the two groups are small in comparison. Namely, less than 2.2
percent of future uncertainty of any cryptocurrency is sourced from all
non-crypto assets combined, while the joint contribution of all digital assets
to non-crypto uncertainty does not exceed 1.5 percent.


  We propose a hybrid class of theories for higher spin gravity and matrix
models, i.e. which handle simultaneously higher spin gravity fields and matrix
models. The construction is similar to Vasiliev's higher spin gravity but part
of the equations of motion are provided by the action principle of a matrix
model. In particular we construct a higher spin (gravity) matrix model related
to type IIB matrix models/string theory which have a well defined classical
limit, and which is compatible with higher spin gravity in $AdS$ space. As it
has been suggested that higher spin gravity should be related to string theory
in a high energy (tensionless) regime, and therefore to M-Theory, we expect
that our construction will be useful to explore concrete connections.


  For every integer $d\ge 1$, there is a unital closed subalgebra $A_d\subset
B(H)$ with similarity degree equal precisely to $d$, in the sense of our
previous paper. This means that for any unital homomorphism $u\colon A_d\to
B(H)$ we have $\|u\|_{cb} \le K\|u\|^d$ with $K>0$ independent of $u$, and the
exponent $d$ in this estimate cannot be improved. The proof that the degree is
larger than $d-1$ crucially uses an upper bound for the norms of certain
Gaussian random matrices due to Haagerup and Thorbj\o rnsen. We also include
several complements to our previous publications on the same subject.


  Provable lower bounds are presented for the information rate I(X; X+S+N)
where X is the symbol drawn independently and uniformly from a finite-size
alphabet, S is a discrete-valued random variable (RV) and N is a Gaussian RV.
It is well known that with S representing the precursor intersymbol
interference (ISI) at the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) output, I(X; X+S+N)
serves as a tight lower bound for the symmetric information rate (SIR) as well
as capacity of the ISI channel corrupted by Gaussian noise. When evaluated on a
number of well-known finite-ISI channels, these new bounds provide a very
similar level of tightness against the SIR to the conjectured lower bound by
Shamai and Laroia at all signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ranges, while being
actually tighter when viewed closed up at high SNRs. The new lower bounds are
obtained in two steps: First, a "mismatched" mutual information function is
introduced which can be proved as a lower bound to I(X; X+S+N). Secondly, this
function is further bounded from below by an expression that can be computed
easily via a few single-dimensional integrations with a small computational
load.


  We investigate the evolutionary status of four stars: V348 Sgr, DY Cen and MV
Sgr in the Galaxy and HV 2671 in the LMC. These stars have in common random
deep declines in visual brightness which are characteristic for R Coronae
Borealis (RCB) stars. RCB stars are typically cool, hydrogen deficient
supergiants. The four stars studied in this paper are hotter (T$_{\rm eff}$ =
15-20 kK) than the majority of RCB stars (T$_{\rm eff}$ = 5000-7000 K).
Although these are commonly grouped together as the \emph{hot RCB stars} they
do not necessarily share a common evolutionary history. We present new
observational data and an extensive collection of archival and
previously-published data which is reassessed to ensure internal consistency.
We find temporal variations of various properties on different time scales
which will eventually help us to uncover the evolutionary history of these
objects. DY Cen and MV Sgr have typical RCB helium abundances which excludes
any currently known post-AGB evolutionary models. Moreover, their carbon and
nitrogen abundances present us with further problems for their interpretation.
V348 Sgr and HV 2671 are in general agreement with a born-again post-AGB
evolution and their abundances are similar to Wolf-Rayet central stars of PN.
The three Galactic stars in the sample have circumstellar nebulae which produce
forbidden line radiation (for HV 2671 we have no information). V348 Sgr and DY
Cen have low density, low expansion velocity nebulae (resolved in the case of
V348 Sgr), while MV Sgr has a higher density, higher expansion velocity nebula.


  We study admission control mechanisms for wireless access networks where (i)
each user has a minimum service requirement, (ii) the capacity of the access
network is limited, and (iii) the access point is not allowed to use monetary
mechanisms to guarantee that users do not lie when disclosing their minimum
service requirements. To guarantee truthfulness, we use auction theory to
design a mechanism where users compete to be admitted into the network. We
propose admission control mechanisms under which the access point intelligently
allocates resources based on the announced minimum service requirements to
ensure that users have no incentive to lie and the capacity constraint is
fulfilled. We also prove the properties that any feasible mechanism should
have.


  A new study is reported of a lattice QCD calculation of the $K^+\to\pi^+
\pi^0 $ decay amplitude with the Wilson quark action in the quenched
approximation at $\beta=6.1$. The amplitude is extracted from the $K\to\pi\pi$
Green function, and a conversion to the continuum value is made employing a
recent one-loop calculation of chiral perturbation theory. The result is
consistent with the experimental value if extrapolated to the chiral limit.


  We report recent progress on the application of the tensor renormalization
group (TRG) to quantum field theories pursued by the Tsukuba group. We explain
how to treat the scalar, fermion, and gauge theories with the TRG method
presenting the results for the phase transitions in the (3+1)-dimensional
((3+1)$d$) complex $\phi^4$ theory at finite density, (1+1)$d$ pure U(1)
lattice gauge theory with a $\theta$ term, (3+1)$d$ Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
at finite density and (1+1)$d$ and (2+1)$d$ Hubbard models at an arbitrary
chemical potential. It is demonstrated that the TRG method is free from the
sign problem in practical calculations and applicable to the four-dimensional
models.


  The India based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a mega science project of
India, which is going to use near about 30, 000 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC)
as active detector elements for the study of atmospheric neutrino oscillations.
Each RPC detector will consist of two orthogonally placed readout strips panel
for picking the signals generated in the gas chamber. The area of RPC detector
in INO-ICAL (Iron Calorimeter) experiment will be 2m x 2m, therefore the
dimension of readout strips panel will also be of 2m x 2m. To get undistorted
signals pass through the readout strips panel to frontend electronics, their
Characteristic Impedance should be matched with each other. For the matching of
Characteristic Impedance we have used the principle of termination. In the
present paper we will describe the need and search of new dielectric material
for the fabrication of flame resistant, waterproof and flexible readout pickup
strips panel. We will also describe the measurement of Characteristic Impedance
of plastic honeycomb based readout strips panel and Silicon Fiber sheet based
readout strips panel in a comparative way, and its variation under loading and
with time.


  The coexistence curves of the liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) for systems of
-caprolactam with heptane, octane, nonane, decane or 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
have been determined by the method of the critical opalescence using a laser
scattering technique. All the curves show an upper critical solution
temperature (UCST), have a rather horizontal top and their symmetry depends on
the size of the alkane. The UCST increases almost linearly with the chain
length of the n-alkane. For the octane mixture, the UCST is lower than for the
solution including 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.


  We consider a coupled system of two singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion
equations, with two small parameters $0< \epsilon \le \mu \le 1$, each
multiplying the highest derivative in the equations. The presence of these
parameters causes the solution(s) to have \emph{boundary layers} which overlap
and interact, based on the relative size of $\epsilon$ and $% \mu$. We
construct full asymptotic expansions together with error bounds that cover the
complete range $0 < \epsilon \leq \mu \leq 1$. For the present case of analytic
input data, we derive derivative growth estimates for the terms of the
asymptotic expansion that are explicit in the perturbation parameters and the
expansion order.


  This paper is a revised version of arXiv:0805.0529 and Phys.Rev. D78, 064038
(2008), taking into account the erratum published in Phys.Rev. D85, 069903(E)
(2012). Geometrical and topological properties of the quasi-plane Szekeres
model and of the plane symmetric dust model are discussed. Some related
comments on the quasi-hyperbolical model are made. These properties include:
(1) The pattern of expansion in the plane symmetric case, and the Newtonian
model that imitates it; (2) The possibility of toroidal topology of the $t =$
const sections in the plane symmetric model; (3) The absence of apparent
horizons in the quasi-plane and quasi-hyperbolic models (they are globally
trapped); (4) Description of the toroidal topology in the Szekeres coordinates;
(5) Interpretation of the mass function in the quasi-plane model.


  We study the normal mode splitting in a system consisting of a Bose Einstein
condensates (BECs) trapped inside a Fabry Perot cavity driven by a single mode
laser field. We analyze the variations in frequency and damping rate of the
collective density excitation of a BEC imparted by the optical field. We study
the occurrence of normal mode splitting which appears as consequences of the
hybridization of the fluctuations of the intracavity field and the condensate
mode. It is shown that normal mode splitting vanishes for weak coupling between
the condensate mode and the intracavity field. Moreover, we investigate the
normal mode splitting in the transmission spectrum of the cavity field.


  Top polarization is an important probe of new physics that couples to the top
sector, and which may be discovered at the 14 TeV LHC. Taking the example of
the MSSM, we argue that top polarization measurements can put a constraint on
the soft supersymmetry breaking parameter A_t. In light of the recent discovery
of a Higgs-like boson of mass ~125 GeV, a large A_t is a prediction of many
supersymmetric models. To this end, we develop a *detector level* analysis
methodology for extracting polarization information from hadronic tops using
boosted jet substructure. We show that with 100 fb^(-1) of data, left and right
600 GeV stops can be distinguished to 4\sigma, and 800 GeV stops can be
distinguished to 3\sigma.


  A new version of the cluster expansion is proposed without breaking the
translation and rotation invariance. As an application of this technique, we
construct the connected Schwinger functions of the regularized $\phi^4$ theory
in a continuous way.


  Wave turbulence and eddy turbulence are the two regimes that we may encounter
in nature. The attention of fluid mechanics being mainly focused on
incompressible hydrodynamics, it is usually the second regime that is treated
in books, whereas waves are often present in geophysics and astrophysics. In
these lecture notes, I present the theory of wave turbulence which is free from
the closure problem encountered in eddy turbulence. Basically, the wave
amplitude is introduced in a multiple time scale method as a small parameter to
derive the so-called kinetic equations from which exact results can be obtained
(power-law spectra, direction of the cascade, Kolmogorov's constant) and
compared with the data. Two hydrodynamic applications are considered with
capillary waves and inertial waves, the first leading to isotropic turbulence
and the second to anisotropic turbulence.


  The distribution of genetic polymorphisms in a population contains
information about the mutation rate and the strength of natural selection at a
locus. Here, we show that the Poisson Random Field (PRF) method of
population-genetic inference suffers from systematic biases that tend to
underestimate selection pressures and mutation rates, and that erroneously
infer positive selection. These problems arise from the infinite-sites
approximation inherent in the PRF method. We introduce three new inference
techniques that correct these problems. We present a finite-site modification
of the PRF method, as well as two new methods for inferring selection pressures
and mutation rates based on diffusion models. Our methods can be used to infer
not only a "weighted average" of selection pressures acting on a gene sequence,
but also the distribution of selection pressures across sites. We evaluate the
accuracy of our methods, as well that of the original PRF approach, by
comparison with Wright-Fisher simulations.


  This paper explores structure formation in two-dimensional
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence as a modulational instability (MI) of
turbulent fluctuations. We focus on the early stages of structure formation and
consider simple backgrounds that allow for a tractable model of the MI while
retaining the full chain of modulational harmonics. This approach allows us to
systematically examine the validity of popular closures such as the quasilinear
approximation and other low-order truncations. We find that, although such
simple closures can provide quantitatively accurate approximations of the MI
growth rates in some regimes, they can fail to capture the modulational
dynamics in adjacent regimes even qualitatively, falsely predicting MI when the
system is actually stable. We find that this discrepancy is due to the
excitation of propagating spectral waves (PSWs) which can ballistically
transport energy along the modulational spectrum, unimpeded until dissipative
scales, thereby breaking the feedback loops that would otherwise sustain MIs.
PSWs can be self-maintained as global modes with real frequencies and drain
energy from the primary structure at a constant rate until the primary
structure is depleted. To describe these waves within a reduced model, we
propose an approximate spectral closure that captures them and MIs on the same
footing. We also find that introducing corrections to ideal MHD, conservative
or dissipative, can suppress PSWs and reinstate the accuracy of the quasilinear
approximation. In this sense, ideal MHD is a `singular' system that is
particularly sensitive to the accuracy of the closure within mean-field models.


  In this paper we initiate the study of submanifolds of almost hypercomplex
manifolds with Hermitian and Norden metrics. Object of investigations are
holomorphic submanifolds of the hypercomplex manifolds which are locally
conformally equivalent to the hyper-K\"ahler manifolds of the considered type.
Necessary and sufficient conditions the investigated holomorphic submanifolds
to be totally umbilical or totally geodesic are obtained. Examples of the
examined submanifolds are constructed.