  Powered prosthetic legs must anticipate the user's intent when switching
between different locomotion modes (e.g., level walking, stair ascent/descent,
ramp ascent/descent). Numerous data-driven classification techniques have
demonstrated promising results for predicting user intent, but the performance
of these intent prediction models on novel subjects remains undesirable. In
other domains (e.g., image classification), transfer learning has improved
classification accuracy by using previously learned features from a large
dataset (i.e., pre-trained models) and then transferring this learned model to
a new task where a smaller dataset is available. In this paper, we develop a
deep convolutional neural network with intra-subject (subject-dependent) and
inter-subject (subject-independent) validations based on a human locomotion
dataset. We then apply transfer learning for the subject-independent model
using a small portion (10%) of the data from the left-out subject. We compare
the performance of these three models. Our results indicate that the transfer
learning (TL) model outperforms the subject-independent (IND) model and is
comparable to the subject-dependent (DEP) model (DEP Error: 0.74 $\pm$ 0.002%,
IND Error: 11.59 $\pm$ 0.076%, TL Error: 3.57 $\pm$ 0.02% with 10% data).
Moreover, as expected, transfer learning accuracy increases with the
availability of more data from the left-out subject. We also evaluate the
performance of the intent prediction system in various sensor configurations
that may be available in a prosthetic leg application. Our results suggest that
a thigh IMU on the the prosthesis is sufficient to predict locomotion intent in
practice.


  We study the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) in a five dimensional SU(3)
gauge-Higgs unification compactified on M^4 \times S^1/Z_2 space-time including
a massive fermion. We point out that to realize the CP violation is a
non-trivial task in the gauge-Higgs unification scenario and argue how the CP
symmetry is broken spontaneously by the VEV of the Higgs, the extra space
component of the gauge field. We emphasize the importance of the interplay
between the VEV of the Higgs and the Z_2-odd bulk mass term to get physically
the CP violation. We then calculate the one-loop contributions to the neutron
EDM as the typical example of the CP violating observable and find that the EDM
appears already at the one-loop level, without invoking to the three generation
scheme. We then derive a lower bound for the compactification scale, which is
around 2.6 TeV, by comparing the contribution due to the nonzero Kaluza-Klein
modes with the experimental data.


  The notion of integration in the context of health information systems is
ill-defined yet in wide-spread use. We identify a variety of meanings spanning
from purely technical integration of information systems to integration of
services. This ambiguity (or interpretative flexibility), we argue, is inherent
rather accidental: it a necessary prerequisite for mobilising political and
ideological support among stakeholders for integrated health information
systems. Building on this, our aim is to trace out the career dynamics of the
vision of integration/ integrated. The career dynamics is the transformation of
both the imagery and material (technological) realisations of the unfolding
implementation of the vision of integrated care. Empirically we draw on a
large, ongoing project at the University hospital of North Norway (UNN) to
establish an integrated health information system


  We demonstrate that the distinctive features of the forward differential
cross section of diffractive leptoproduction of a vector meson can be
legitimately calculated in perturbative QCD in terms of the light-cone $q \bar
q$ wave function of the vector meson and the gluon distribution of the target.
In particular, we calculate the $Q^2$ and nuclear dependence of the diffractive
leptoproduction of vector mesons and estimate the cross section. The production
of longitudinally polarized vector mesons by longitudinally polarized virtual
photons is predicted to be the dominant component, yielding a cross section
behaving as $Q^{-6}$. The nuclear dependence of the diffractive cross sections,
which follows from a factorization theorem in perturbative QCD, provides
important tests of color transparency as well as constraints on the shadowing
of the gluon structure functions and the longitudinal structure functions of
nuclei.


  Observations are studied in toy-models constituting exact cosmological
solutions to the Einstein equation which are statistically homogeneous but
locally inhomogeneous, without an a priori introduced FLRW background and with
"structures" evolving fairly slowly. The mean redshift-distance relation and
redshift drift along 500 light rays in each of two models are compared to
relations based on spatial averages. The relations based on spatial averages
give a good reproduction of the mean redshift-distance relation, although most
convincingly in the model where the kinematical backreaction is subpercent. In
both models, the mean redshift drift clearly differs from the drift of the mean
redshift. This indicates that redshift drift could be an important tool for
testing the backreaction conjecture as redshift drift appears to distinguish
between local and global effects. The method presented for computing the
redshift drift is straightforward to generalize and can thus be utilized to
fairly easily compute this quantity in a general spacetime.


  We pointed out that the generalized second law of thermodynamics on a de
Sitter universe whose energy density stochastically fluctuates due to quantum
fluctuations is seemingly violated. We have shown that even in such a case, the
generalized second law is unviolated by taking cosmological decoherence into
account. It has been well known that the decoherence is necessary to give a
reasonable reason why our universe looks classical. Our proposal can support
the importance of decoherence from another aspect, i.e. the generalized second
law of thermodynamics.


  We provide the Cartan calculus for bicovariant differential forms on
bicrossproduct quantum groups $k(M)\lrbicross kG$ associated to finite group
factorizations $X=GM$ and a field $k$. The irreducible calculi are associated
to certain conjugacy classes in $X$ and representations of isotropy groups. We
find the full exterior algebras and show that they are inner by a bi-invariant
1-form $\theta$ which is a generator in the noncommutative de Rham cohomology
$H^1$. The special cases where one subgroup is normal are analysed. As an
application, we study the noncommutative cohomology on the quantum codouble
$D^*(S_3)\isom k(S_3)\lrbicross k\Z_6$ and the quantum double
$D(S_3)=k(S_3)\lcross kS_3$, finding respectively a natural calculus and a
unique calculus with $H^0=k.1$.


  We present results of a calculation of absorption of 10-500 GeV gamma-rays at
high redshifts. This calculation requires the determination of the high-
redshift evolution of the full spectral energy distribution of the
intergalactic photon field. For this, we have primarily followed the recent
analysis of Fall, Charlot and Pei. We give our results for the gamma-ray
opacity as a function of redshift out to a redshift of 3. We then give
predicted gamma-ray spectra for selected blazars and also extend our results on
the background from unresolved blazars to an energy of 500 GeV. Absorption
effects are predicted to significantly steepen the background spectrum above 20
GeV. Our absorption calculations can be used to place limits on the redshifts
of gamma-ray bursts. Our background calculations can be used to determine the
observability of multi-GeV lines from dark matter neutralino particles.


  Memristors, when utilized as electronic components in circuits, can offer
opportunities for the implementation of novel reconfigurable electronics. While
they have been used in large arrays, studies in ensembles of devices are
comparatively limited. Here we propose a vertically stacked memristor
configuration with a shared middle electrode. We study the compound resistive
states presented by the combined in-series devices and we alter them either by
controlling each device separately, or by altering the full configuration,
which depends on selective usage of the middle floating electrode. The shared
middle electrode enables a rare look into the combined system, which is not
normally available in vertically stacked devices. In the course of this study
it was found that separate switching of individual devices carries over its
effects to the complete device (albeit non-linearly), enabling increased
resistive state range, which leads to a larger number of distinguishable states
(above SNR variance limits) and hence enhanced device memory. Additionally, by
applying a switching stimulus to the external electrodes it is possible to
switch both devices simultaneously, making the entire configuration a voltage
divider with individual memristive components. Through usage of this type of
configuration and by taking advantage of the voltage division, it is possible
to surge-protect fragile devices, while it was also found that simultaneous
reset of stacked devices is possible, significantly reducing the required reset
time in larger arrays.


  We present results from 3.6 cm observations of the quasar pair 1038+528 A and
B, made in 1995 using the VLBA together with the Effelsberg 100m telescope. We
describe the use of a phase-referencing technique to measure the astrometric
separation between the quasars. We also introduce a new data analysis method
-"hybrid double mapping"- which preserves the relative astrometric information
in a single VLBI hybrid map for close source pairs. We combine our measurements
with those from three previous epochs, the earliest in 1981. Our new
observations confirm the evolution within the structure of quasar B, previously
proposed to explain the measured change in the relative separation of the pair.
Our upper bound for any systematic proper motion between the mass centres of
quasars A and B is 10 micro-arcsec/year. This is set by the limited precision
in defining the reference points in the quasars at different epochs and by
possible instabilities of the source "core" locations. A separate analysis
enables us to put more stringent upper limits to any core motions along the two
source axes.


  Given a closed orientable 3-manifold $M$ with scalar curvature greater than
or equal to 1, it is known that if $\pi_2(M)\ne0$ then the $\pi_2$-systole of
$M$ is at most $8\pi$. We prove the following gap theorem: if $M$ is further
not a quotient of $S^2\times S^1$, then the $\pi_2$-systole of $M$ is no
greater than an improved constant $c\approx 5.44\pi$. This statement follows as
a new application of Huisken and Ilmanen's weak inverse mean curvature flow.


  The possibility in principle of the determining high energy photon circular
polarization by the measurement of the created electron polarization in the
process of triplet photoproduction $\gamma +e^-\rightarrow e^+e^- +e^-$ is
investigated. The respective event number which depend on polarization states
of photon and created electron does not decrease with the growth of the photon
energy, and this circumstance can ensure the high efficiency in such kind of
experiments. We study different double and single distributions of the created
electron (or positron), which allow to probe the photon circular polarization
and to measure its magnitude (the Stock's parameter $\xi_2$), using the
technique of the Sudakov's variables. Some experimental setups with different
rules for event selection are studied and corresponding numerical estimations
are presented.


  Atoms trapped in the evanescent field around a nanofiber experience strong
coupling to the light guided in the fiber mode. However, due to the
intrinsically strong positional dependence of the coupling, thermal motion of
the ensemble limits the use of nanofiber trapped atoms for some quantum tasks.
We investigate the thermal dynamics of such an ensemble by using short light
pulses to make a spatially inhomogeneous population transfer between atomic
states. As we monitor the wave packet of atoms created by this scheme, we find
a damped oscillatory behavior which we attribute to sloshing and dispersion of
the atoms. Oscillation frequencies range around 100 kHz, and motional dephasing
between atoms happens on a timescale of 10 $\mu$s. Comparison to Monte Carlo
simulations of an ensemble of 1000 classical particles yields reasonable
agreement for simulated ensemble temperatures between 25 $\mu$K and 40 $\mu$K.


  We give a possible generalization to the example in the paper of Zanardi and
Rasetti (quant-ph/9904011). For this generalized one explicit forms of
adiabatic connection, curvature and etc. are given.


  We study the existence of cylindrically symmetric electro-magneto-static
solitary waves for a system of a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation coupled with
Maxwell's equations in presence of a positive mass and of a nonnegative
nonlinear potential. Nonexistence results are provided as well.


  We study the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT) in the process of $pp
\to W_H^+W_H^- \to W^+W^- A_H A_H$ at the 14 TeV LHC. With the $W$-jet tagging
technique, we demonstrate that the bulk of the model parameter space can be
probed at the level of more than $5\sigma$ in the signature of two fat $W$-jets
plus large missing energy. Furthermore, we propose a novel strategy of
measuring the principle parameter $f$ that is crucial to testify the LHT model
and to fix mass spectrum, including dark matter particle. Our proposal can be
easily incorporated into current experimental program of diboson searches at
the LHC Run-II.


  In this paper, we consider the convergence properties of the polarization
tensor of graphene obtained in the framework of thermal quantum field theory in
three-dimensional space-time. During the last years, this problem attracted
much attention in connection with calculation of the Casimir force in graphene
systems and investigation of the electrical conductivity and reflectance of
graphene sheets. There are contradictory statements in the literature,
especially on whether this tensor has an ultraviolet divergence in three
dimensions. Here, we analyze this problem using the well known method of
dimensional regularization. It is shown that the thermal correction to the
polarization tensor is finite at any $D$, whereas its zero-temperature part
behaves differently for $D=3$ and 4. For $D=3$, it is obtained by the analytic
continuation with no subtracting infinitely large terms. As to the space-time
of $D=4$, the finite result for the polarization tensor at zero temperature is
found after subtracting the pole term. Our results are in agreement with
previous calculations of the polarization tensor at both zero and nonzero
temperature. This opens possibility for a wider application of the quantum
field theoretical approach in investigations of graphene and other
two-dimensional novel materials.


  We have studied, using double ratio of QCD (spectral) sum rules, the ratio
between the masses of $T_{cc}$ and X(3872) assuming that they are respectively
described by the $D-{D}^*$ and $D-\bar{D}^*$ molecular currents. We found
(within our approximation) that the masses of these two states are almost
degenerate. Since the pion exchange interaction between these mesons is exactly
the same, we conclude that if the observed X(3872) meson is a $D\bar{D}^*+c.c.$
molecule, then the $DD^*$ molecule should also exist with approximately the
same mass. An extension of the analysis to the $b$-quark case leads to the same
conclusion. We also study the SU(3) breakings for the $T^s_{QQ}/T_{QQ}$ mass
ratios. Motivated by the recent Belle observation of two $Z_b$ states, we
revise our determination of $X_b$ by combining results from exponential and
FESR sum rules.


  We outline the methodology of simulating common envelope evolution (CEE) with
the moving-mesh code MANGA. We extend MANGA to include multiple time-steps.
This provides substantial speedups for problems with large dynamic range. We
describe the implementation of realistic equations of state relevant in stellar
structure and the generation of suitable initial conditions. We then carry out
two example simulations of a 2 $\rm{M}_{\odot}$ red giant with a 0.36
$\rm{M}_{\odot}$ core and a 1 $\rm{M}_{\odot}$ companion undergoing CEE for 240
days. In one simulation the red giant is set into corotation with the orbital
motion and in the other it is non-rotating. We find that the separation between
the companion and red giant core shrinks from 52 $\rm{R}_{\odot}$ to 3.6
$\rm{R}_{\odot}$ and 3.2 $\rm{R}_{\odot}$ respectively, ending with an
eccentricity of 0.1. We also find that 66 and 63 per cent of the envelope mass
is ejected. This is higher than in many previous works. Several reasons for
this are discussed. These include our inclusion of recombination energy. Our
simulations show that putting giants in corotation increases the fraction of
mass ejected from the system and results in a larger final orbital separation.
We conclude that the entire envelope of the red giant might be ejected during
the plunge phase of CEE in this region of parameter space.


  In this paper we initiate the study of the forward and backward shifts on the
Hardy space of a tree and the little Hardy space of a tree. In particular, we
investigate when these shifts are bounded, find the norm of the shifts if they
are bounded, characterize the trees in which they are an isometry, compute the
spectrum in some concrete examples, and completely determine when they are
hypercyclic.


  We report the Chandra detection of shock-heated shells of hot gas surrounding
the radio lobes of the nearby (D_L ~ 53 Mpc) low-power radio galaxy NGC 3801.
The shells have temperatures of 1 keV and 0.7 keV, compared to an ISM
temperature of 0.23 keV. The estimated expansion speed of the shells is 850
km/s, corresponding to a Mach number of ~ 4. This is the second X-ray detection
of strong shocks produced by a low-power radio galaxy, and allows us to measure
directly the contribution of shock heating to the radio galaxy's total
energetic input to the ISM. We show that the gas properties of the shells and
surrounding ISM are consistent with the Rankine-Hugoniot shock jump conditions.
We estimate the energy stored in the hot gas shells (thermal + kinetic energy)
to be 1.7x10^56 ergs, which is equivalent to the thermal energy of the ISM
within ~11 kpc of the galaxy centre, and a factor of ~25 larger than the
inferred PdV work required to inflate the lobe cavities, indicating that energy
transfer from the AGN to its environment is dominated by shock heating during
this stage of radio-source evolution. Our results provide direct evidence that
shock heating in the early supersonic phase of FRI radio-source expansion can
have important long-term effects on the properties of the host galaxy ISM.
Finally, we discuss the merger history of NGC 3801, the fuelling of its AGN and
the role of this type of system in feedback models.


  The Airy wave packet is a solution to the potential-free Schrodinger equation
that exhibits remarkable properties such as self-acceleration, non-diffraction,
and self-healing. Although Airy beams are now routinely realized with
electromagnetic waves and electrons, the implementation with neutrons has
remained elusive due to small transverse coherence lengths, low fluence rates,
and the absence of neutron lenses. In this work, we overcome these challenges
through a holographic approach and present the first experimental demonstration
of neutron Airy beams. The presented techniques pave the way for fundamental
physics studies with Airy beams of non-elementary particles, the development of
novel neutron optics components, and the realization of neutron Airy-vortex
beams.


  We observe collective oscillations of a trapped, degenerate Fermi gas of
$^6$Li atoms at a magnetic field just above a Feshbach resonance, where the
two-body physics does not support a bound state. The gas exhibits a radial
breathing mode at a frequency of 2837(05) Hz, in excellent agreement with the
frequency of $\nu_H\equiv\sqrt{10\nu_x\nu_y/3}=2830(20)$ Hz predicted for a
{\em hydrodynamic} Fermi gas with unitarity limited interactions. The measured
damping times and frequencies are inconsistent with predictions for both the
collisionless mean field regime and for collisional hydrodynamics. These
observations provide the first evidence for superfluid hydrodynamics in a
resonantly interacting Fermi gas.


  We report on optical spectroscopy on the lacunar spinels GaV$_4$S$_8$ and
GeV$_4$S$_8$ in the spectral range from 100 to 23000 cm$^{-1}$ and for
temperatures from 5 to 300 K. These multiferroic spinel systems reveal
Jahn-Teller driven ferroelectricity and complex magnetic order at low
temperatures. We study the infrared-active phonon modes and the low-lying
electronic excitations in the cubic high-temperature phase, as well as in the
orbitally and in the magnetically ordered low-temperature phases. We compare
the phonon modes in these two compounds, which undergo different
symmetry-lowering Jahn-Teller transitions into ferroelectric and orbitally
ordered phases, and exhibit different magnetic ground states. We follow the
splitting of the phonon modes at the structural phase transition and detect
additional splittings at the onset of antiferromagnetic order in GeV$_4$S$_8$.
We observe electronic transitions within the $d$-derived bands of the V$_4$
clusters and document a significant influence of the structural and magnetic
phase transitions on the narrow electronic band gaps.


  Lobachewsky geometry simulates a medium with special constitutive relations.
The situation is specified in quasi-cartesian coordinates (x,y,z). Exact
solutions of the Maxwell equations in complex 3-vector form, extended to curved
space models within the tetrad formalism, have been found in Lobachevsky space.
The problem reduces to a second order differential equation which can be
associated with an 1-dimensional Schrodinger problem for a particle in external
potential field U(z) = U_{0} e^{2z}. In quantum mechanics, curved geometry acts
as an effective potential barrier with reflection coefficient R=1; in
electrodynamic context results similar to quantum-mechanical ones arise: the
Lobachevsky geometry simulates a medium that effectively acts as an ideal
mirror. Penetration of the electromagnetic field into the effective medium,
depends on the parameters of an electromagnetic wave, \omega, k_{1}^{2} +
k_{2}^{2}, and the curvature radius \rho.


  We obtain high resolution spectra of nine red giant branch stars in NGC 6681
and perform the first detailed abundance analysis of stars in this cluster. We
confirm cluster membership for these stars based on consistent radial
velocities of 214.5$\pm$3.7 km/s and find a mean [Fe/H] = -1.63$\pm$0.07 dex
and [{\alpha}/Fe] = 0.42$\pm$0.11 dex. Additionally, we confirm the existence
of a Na-O anti-correlation in NGC 6681 and identify two populations of stars
with unique abundance trends. With the use of HST photometry from Sarajedini et
al. (2007) and Piotto et al. (2015) we are able to identify these two
populations as discrete sequences in the cluster CMD. Although we cannot
confirm the nature of the polluter stars responsible for the abundance
differences in these populations, these results do help put constraints on
possible polluter candidates.


  We study inhomogeneities in the distribution of the excursion sets in the
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature maps obtained by the three years
survey of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). At temperature
thresholds |T|<90 \mu K, the distributions of the excursion sets with over 200
pixels are concentrated in two regions, nearly at the antipodes, with galactic
coordinates l= 94^\circ.7, b= 34^\circ.4 and l= 279^\circ.8, b= -29^\circ.2.
The centers of these two regions drift towards the equator when the temperature
threshold is increased. The centers are located close to one of the vectors of
\ell =3 multipole. The two patterns of the substructures in the distribution of
the excursion sets are mirrored, with \chi^2=0.7-1.5. There is no obvious
origin of this effect in the noise structure of WMAP, and there is no evidence
for a dependence on the galactic cut. Would this effect be cosmological, it
could be an indication of an anomalously large component of horizon-size
density perturbations, independent of one of the spatial coordinates, and/or of
a non-trivial slab-like spatial topology of the Universe.


  This paper examines information-theoretic questions regarding the difficulty
of compressing data versus the difficulty of decompressing data and the role
that information loss plays in this interaction. Finite-state compression and
decompression are shown to be of equivalent difficulty, even when the
decompressors are allowed to be lossy.
  Inspired by Kolmogorov complexity, this paper defines the optimal
*decompression *ratio achievable on an infinite sequence by finite-state
decompressors (that is, finite-state transducers outputting the sequence in
question). It is shown that the optimal compression ratio achievable on a
sequence S by any *information lossless* finite state compressor, known as the
finite-state dimension of S, is equal to the optimal decompression ratio
achievable on S by any finite-state decompressor. This result implies a new
decompression characterization of finite-state dimension in terms of lossy
finite-state transducers.


  Motivated by the amount of code that goes unidentified on the web, we
introduce a practical method for algorithmically identifying the programming
language of source code. Our work is based on supervised learning and
intelligent statistical features. We also explored, but abandoned, a
grammatical approach. In testing, our implementation greatly outperforms that
of an existing tool that relies on a Bayesian classifier. Code is written in
Python and available under an MIT license.


  The beamline network system at SPring-8 consists of three LANs; a BL-LAN for
beamline component control, a BL-USER-LAN for beamline experimental users and
an OA-LAN for the information services. These LANs are interconnected by a
firewall system. Since the network traffic and the number of beamlines have
increased, we upgraded the backbone of BL-USER-LAN from Fast Ethernet to
Gigabit Ethernet. And then, to establish the independency of a beamline and to
raise flexibility of every beamline, we also introduced the IEEE802.1Q Virtual
LAN (VLAN) technology into the BL-USER-LAN. We discuss here a future plan to
build the firewall system with hardware load balancers.


  We investigate a recently proposed new form of the exact NSVZ
$\beta$-function, which relates the $\beta$-function to the anomalous
dimensions of the quantum gauge superfield, of the Faddeev--Popov ghosts, and
of the chiral matter superfields. Namely, for the general renormalizable ${\cal
N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theory, regularized by higher covariant derivatives,
the sum of all three-loop contributions to the $\beta$-function containing the
Yukawa couplings is compared with the corresponding two-loop contributions to
the anomalous dimensions of the quantum superfields. It is demonstrated that
for the considered terms both new and original forms of the NSVZ relation are
valid independently of the subtraction scheme if the renormalization group
functions are defined in terms of the bare couplings. This result is obtained
from the equality relating the loop integrals, which, in turn, follows from the
factorization of the integrals for the $\beta$-function into integrals of
double total derivatives. For the renormalization group functions defined in
terms of the renormalized couplings we verify that the NSVZ scheme is obtained
with the higher covariant derivative regularization supplemented by the
subtraction scheme in which only powers of $\ln\Lambda/\mu$ are included into
the renormalization constants.


  Video-based person re-identification (Re-ID) aims to retrieve video sequences
of the same person under non-overlapping cameras. Previous methods usually
focus on limited views, such as spatial, temporal or spatial-temporal view,
which lack of the observations in different feature domains. To capture richer
perceptions and extract more comprehensive video representations, in this paper
we propose a novel framework named Trigeminal Transformers (TMT) for
video-based person Re-ID. More specifically, we design a trigeminal feature
extractor to jointly transform raw video data into spatial, temporal and
spatial-temporal domain. Besides, inspired by the great success of vision
transformer, we introduce the transformer structure for video-based person
Re-ID. In our work, three self-view transformers are proposed to exploit the
relationships between local features for information enhancement in spatial,
temporal and spatial-temporal domains. Moreover, a cross-view transformer is
proposed to aggregate the multi-view features for comprehensive video
representations. The experimental results indicate that our approach can
achieve better performance than other state-of-the-art approaches on public
Re-ID benchmarks. We will release the code for model reproduction.


  In this paper, we investigate the apparent singularities and the dual
parameters of rank 2 parabolic connections on $\mathbb{P}^1$ and rank 2
(parabolic) Higgs bundle on $\mathbb{P}^1$. Then we obtain explicit
descriptions of Zariski open sets of the moduli space of the parabolic
connections and the moduli space of the Higgs bundles. For $n=5$, we can give
global descriptions of the moduli spaces in detail.


  We discuss gravitational backgrounds where supersymmetry is broken at the end
of a warped throat, and the SUSY-breaking is transmitted to the Standard Model
via gauginos which live in (part of) the bulk of the throat geometry. We find
that the leading effect arises from splittings of certain "messenger mesons,"
which are adjoint KK-modes of the D-branes supporting the Standard Model gauge
group. This picture is a gravity dual of a strongly coupled field theory where
SUSY is broken in a hidden sector and transmitted to the Standard Model via a
relative of semi-direct gauge mediation.


  We present a quantitative analysis of throwing ability for major league
outfielders and catchers. We use detailed game event data to tabulate success
and failure events in outfielder and catcher throwing opportunities. We
attribute a run contribution to each success or failure which are tabulated for
each player in each season. We use four seasons of data to estimate the overall
throwing ability of each player using a Bayesian hierarchical model. This model
allows us to shrink individual player estimates towards an overall population
mean depending on the number of opportunities for each player. We use the
posterior distribution of player abilities from this model to identify players
with significant positive and negative throwing contributions.


  We classify all generalized del Pezzo surfaces (i.e., minimal
desingularizations of singular del Pezzo surfaces containing only rational
double points) whose universal torsors are open subsets of hypersurfaces in
affine space. Equivalently, their Cox rings are polynomial rings with exactly
one relation. For all 30 types with this property, we describe the Cox rings in
detail.
  These explicit descriptions can be applied to study Manin's conjecture on the
asymptotic behavior of the number of rational points of bounded height for
singular del Pezzo surfaces, using the universal torsor method.


  The input data features set for many data driven tasks is high-dimensional
while the intrinsic dimension of the data is low. Data analysis methods aim to
uncover the underlying low dimensional structure imposed by the low dimensional
hidden parameters by utilizing distance metrics that consider the set of
attributes as a single monolithic set. However, the transformation of the low
dimensional phenomena into the measured high dimensional observations might
distort the distance metric, This distortion can effect the desired estimated
low dimensional geometric structure. In this paper, we suggest to utilize the
redundancy in the attribute domain by partitioning the attributes into multiple
subsets we call views. The proposed methods utilize the agreement also called
consensus between different views to extract valuable geometric information
that unifies multiple views about the intrinsic relationships among several
different observations. This unification enhances the information that a single
view or a simple concatenations of views provides.


  Modons, or dipolar vortices, are common and long-lived features of the upper
ocean, consisting of a pair of monopolar vortices moving through
self-advection. Such structures remain stable over long times and may be
important for fluid transport over large distances. Here we present a
semi-analytical method for finding fully nonlinear modon solutions in a
multi-layer quasi-geostrophic model with arbitrarily many layers. Our approach
works by reducing the problem to a multi-parameter linear eigenvalue problem
which can be solved using numerical techniques from linear algebra. The method
is shown to replicate previous results for one and two-layer models and is
applied to a three-layer model to find a solution describing a mid-depth
propagating, topographic vortex.


  Hydrodynamics calculations have been successfully used in studies of the bulk
properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, particularly of elliptic flow and shear
viscosity. However, there are areas (for instance event-by-event simulations
for flow fluctuations and higher-order flow harmonics studies) where further
advancement is hampered by lack of efficient and precise 3+1D~program. This
problem can be solved by using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computing, which
offers unprecedented increase of the computing power compared to standard CPU
simulations. In this work, we present an implementation of 3+1D ideal
hydrodynamics simulations on the Graphics Processing Unit using Nvidia CUDA
framework. MUSTA-FORCE (MUlti STAge, First ORder CEntral, with a~slope limiter
and MUSCL reconstruction) and WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillating)
schemes are employed in the simulations, delivering second (MUSTA-FORCE), fifth
and seventh (WENO) order of accuracy. Third order Runge-Kutta scheme was used
for integration in the time domain. Our implementation improves the performance
by about 2~orders of magnitude compared to a~single threaded program. The
algorithm tests of 1+1D~shock tube and 3+1D~simulations with ellipsoidal and
Hubble-like expansion are presented.


  We study the dynamics of snap-through when viscoelastic effects are present.
To gain analytical insight we analyse a modified form of the Mises truss, a
single-degree-of-freedom structure, which features an `inverted' shape that
snaps to a `natural' shape. Motivated by the anomalously slow snap-through
shown by spherical elastic caps, we consider a thought experiment in which the
truss is first indented to an inverted state and allowed to relax while a
specified displacement is maintained; the constraint of an imposed displacement
is then removed. Focussing on the dynamics for the limit in which the timescale
of viscous relaxation is much larger than the characteristic elastic timescale,
we show that two types of snap-through are possible: the truss either
immediately snaps back over the elastic timescale or it displays
`pseudo-bistability', in which it undergoes a slow creeping motion before
rapidly accelerating. In particular, we demonstrate that accurately determining
when pseudo-bistability occurs requires the consideration of inertial effects
immediately after the indentation force is removed. Our analysis also explains
many basic features of pseudo-bistability that have been observed previously in
experiments and numerical simulations; for example, we show that
pseudo-bistability occurs in a narrow parameter range at the bifurcation
between bistability and monostability, so that the dynamics is naturally
susceptible to critical slowing down. We then study an analogous thought
experiment performed on a continuous arch, showing that the qualitative
features of the snap-through dynamics are well captured by the truss model. In
addition, we analyse experimental and numerical data of viscoelastic
snap-through times reported in the literature. Combining these approaches
suggests that our conclusions may also extend to more complex viscoelastic
structures used in morphing applications.


  Given a smooth del Pezzo surface $X_d \subseteq \mathbb{P}^{d}$ of degree
$d,$ we show that a smooth irreducible curve $C$ on $X_d$ represents the first
Chern class of an Ulrich bundle on $X_d$ if and only if its kernel bundle $M_C$
admits a generalized theta-divisor.
  This result is applied to produce new examples of complete intersection
curves with semistable kernel bundle, and also combined with work of
Farkas-Musta\c{t}\v{a}-Popa to relate the existence of Ulrich bundles on $X_d$
to the Minimal Resolution Conjecture for curves lying on $X_d.$ In particular,
we show that a smooth irreducible curve $C$ of degree $3r$ lying on a smooth
cubic surface $X_3$ represents the first Chern class of an Ulrich bundle on
$X_3$ if and only if the Minimal Resolution Conjecture holds for $C.$


  We have investigated the influence of the Coriolis force on the electrical
conductivity of hadronic matter formed in relativistic nuclear collisions,
employing the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model. A rotating matter in the
peripheral heavy ion collisions can be expected from the initial stage of quark
matter to late-stage hadronic matter. Present work is focused on rotating
hadronic matter, whose medium constituents - hadron resonances can face a
non-zero Coriolis force, which can influence the hadronic flow or conductivity.
We estimate this conductivity tensor by using the relativistic Boltzmann
transport equation. In the absence of Coriolis force, an isotropic conductivity
tensor for hadronic matter is expected. However, our study finds that the
presence of Coriolis force can generate an anisotropic conductivity tensor with
three main conductivity components - parallel, perpendicular, and Hall, similar
to the effect of Lorentz force at a finite magnetic field. Our study has
indicated that a noticeable anisotropy of conductivity tensor can be found
within the phenomenological range of angular velocity $\Omega= 0.001-0.02$ GeV
and hadronic scattering radius $a=0.2-2$ fm.


  Building conversational speech recognition systems for new languages is
constrained by the availability of utterances that capture user-device
interactions. Data collection is both expensive and limited by the speed of
manual transcription. In order to address this, we advocate the use of neural
machine translation as a data augmentation technique for bootstrapping language
models. Machine translation (MT) offers a systematic way of incorporating
collections from mature, resource-rich conversational systems that may be
available for a different language. However, ingesting raw translations from a
general purpose MT system may not be effective owing to the presence of named
entities, intra sentential code-switching and the domain mismatch between the
conversational data being translated and the parallel text used for MT
training. To circumvent this, we explore the following domain adaptation
techniques: (a) sentence embedding based data selection for MT training, (b)
model finetuning, and (c) rescoring and filtering translated hypotheses. Using
Hindi as the experimental testbed, we translate US English utterances to
supplement the transcribed collections. We observe a relative word error rate
reduction of 7.8-15.6%, depending on the bootstrapping phase. Fine grained
analysis reveals that translation particularly aids the interaction scenarios
which are underrepresented in the transcribed data.


  Lifted inference reduces the complexity of inference in relational
probabilistic models by identifying groups of constants (or atoms) which behave
symmetric to each other. A number of techniques have been proposed in the
literature for lifting marginal as well MAP inference. We present the first
application of lifting rules for marginal-MAP (MMAP), an important inference
problem in models having latent (random) variables. Our main contribution is
two fold: (1) we define a new equivalence class of (logical) variables, called
Single Occurrence for MAX (SOM), and show that solution lies at extreme with
respect to the SOM variables, i.e., predicate groundings differing only in the
instantiation of the SOM variables take the same truth value (2) we define a
sub-class {\em SOM-R} (SOM Reduce) and exploit properties of extreme
assignments to show that MMAP inference can be performed by reducing the domain
of SOM-R variables to a single constant.We refer to our lifting technique as
the {\em SOM-R} rule for lifted MMAP. Combined with existing rules such as
decomposer and binomial, this results in a powerful framework for lifted MMAP.
Experiments on three benchmark domains show significant gains in both time and
memory compared to ground inference as well as lifted approaches not using
SOM-R.


  Robust estimation of a mean vector, a topic regarded as obsolete in the
traditional robust statistics community, has recently surged in machine
learning literature in the last decade. The latest focus is on the sub-Gaussian
performance and computability of the estimators in a non-asymptotic setting.
Numerous traditional robust estimators are computationally intractable, which
partly contributes to the renewal of the interest in the robust mean
estimation.
  Robust centrality estimators, however, include the trimmed mean and the
sample median. The latter has the best robustness but suffers a low-efficiency
drawback. Trimmed mean and median of means, %as robust alternatives to the
sample mean, and achieving sub-Gaussian performance have been proposed and
studied in the literature.
  This article investigates the robustness of leading sub-Gaussian estimators
of mean and reveals that none of them can resist greater than $25\%$
contamination in data and consequently introduces an outlyingness induced
winsorized mean which has the best possible robustness (can resist up to $50\%$
contamination without breakdown) meanwhile achieving high efficiency.
Furthermore, it has a sub-Gaussian performance for uncontaminated samples and a
bounded estimation error for contaminated samples at a given confidence level
in a finite sample setting. It can be computed in linear time.


  In the multi-type totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) on the
line, each site of Z is occupied by a particle labeled with some number, and
two neighboring particles are interchanged at rate one if their labels are in
increasing order. Consider the process with the initial configuration where
each particle is labeled by its position. It is known that in this case a.s.
each particle has an asymptotic speed which is distributed uniformly on [-1,1].
We study the joint distribution of these speeds: the TASEP speed process. We
prove that the TASEP speed process is stationary with respect to the multi-type
TASEP dynamics. Consequently, every ergodic stationary measure is given as a
projection of the speed process measure. This generalizes previous descriptions
restricted to finitely many classes. By combining this result with known
stationary measures for TASEPs with finitely many types, we compute several
marginals of the speed process, including the joint density of two and three
consecutive speeds. One striking property of the distribution is that two
speeds are equal with positive probability and for any given particle there are
infinitely many others with the same speed. We also study the partially
asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP). We prove that the states of the
ASEP with the above initial configuration, seen as permutations of Z, are
symmetric in distribution. This allows us to extend some of our results,
including the stationarity and description of all ergodic stationary measures,
also to the ASEP.


  We study the numerical range of an $n\times n$ cyclic shift matrix, which can
be viewed as the adjacency matrix of a directed cycle with $n$ weighted arcs.
In particular, we consider the change in the numerical range if the weights are
rearranged or perturbed. In addition to obtaining some general results on the
problem, a permutation of the given weights is identified such that the
corresponding matrix yields the largest numerical range (in terms of set
inclusion), for $n \le 6$. We conjecture that the maximizing pattern extends to
general $n\times n$ cylic shift matrices. For $n \le 5$, we also determine
permutations such that the corresponding cyclic shift matrix yields the
smallest numerical range.


  Narrowing is a procedure that was first studied in the context of equational
E-unification and that has been used in a wide range of applications. The
classic completeness result due to Hullot states that any term rewriting
derivation starting from an instance of an expression can be "lifted" to a
narrowing derivation, whenever the substitution employed is normalized. In this
paper we adapt the generator- based extra-variables-elimination transformation
used in functional-logic programming to overcome that limitation, so we are
able to lift term rewriting derivations starting from arbitrary instances of
expressions. The proposed technique is limited to left-linear constructor
systems and to derivations reaching a ground expression. We also present a
Maude-based implementation of the technique, using natural rewriting for the
on-demand evaluation strategy.


  Noise is present in the wide variety of signals obtained from sleep patients.
This noise comes from a number of sources, from presence of extraneous signals
to adjustments in signal amplification and shot noise in the circuits used for
data collection. The noise needs to be removed in order to maximize the
information gained about the patient using both manual and automatic analysis
of the signals. Here we evaluate a number of new techniques for removal of that
noise, and the associated problem of separating the original signal sources.


  We classify all matroids with at most 8 elements that have the half-plane
property, and we provide a list of some matroids on 9 elements that have, and
that do not have the half-plane property. Furthermore, we prove that several
classes of matroids and polynomials that are motivated by the theory of
semidefinite programming are closed under taking minors and under passing to
faces of the Newton polytope.


  In this paper, we give easily verifiable sufficient conditions for two
classes of perturbed linear, passive PDE systems to be well-posed, and we
provide an energy inequality for the perturbed systems. Our conditions are in
terms of smoothness of the operator functions that describe the multiplicative
and additive perturbation, and here well-posedness essentially means that the
time-varying systems have strongly continuous Lax-Phillips evolution families.
A time-varying wave equation with a bounded multi-dimensional Lipschitz domain
is used as illustration, and as a part of the example, we show that the
time-invariant wave equation is a "physically motivated" scattering-passive
system in the sense of Staffans and Weiss. The theory also applies to
time-varying port-Hamiltonian systems.


  Deep Neural Networks (DNN) achieve human level performance in many image
analytics tasks but DNNs are mostly deployed to GPU platforms that consume a
considerable amount of power. New hardware platforms using lower precision
arithmetic achieve drastic reductions in power consumption. More recently,
brain-inspired spiking neuromorphic chips have achieved even lower power
consumption, on the order of milliwatts, while still offering real-time
processing.
  However, for deploying DNNs to energy efficient neuromorphic chips the
incompatibility between continuous neurons and synaptic weights of traditional
DNNs, discrete spiking neurons and synapses of neuromorphic chips need to be
overcome. Previous work has achieved this by training a network to learn
continuous probabilities, before it is deployed to a neuromorphic architecture,
such as IBM TrueNorth Neurosynaptic System, by random sampling these
probabilities.
  The main contribution of this paper is a new learning algorithm that learns a
TrueNorth configuration ready for deployment. We achieve this by training
directly a binary hardware crossbar that accommodates the TrueNorth axon
configuration constrains and we propose a different neuron model.
  Results of our approach trained on electroencephalogram (EEG) data show a
significant improvement with previous work (76% vs 86% accuracy) while
maintaining state of the art performance on the MNIST handwritten data set.


  The dynamical evolution of globular clusters (GCs) is tied to their binary
population, as binaries segregate to the cluster centre, leading to an
increased binary fraction in the core. This central overabundance of mainly
hard binaries can serve as a source of energy for the cluster and has a
significant effect on the observed kinematics, such as artificially increasing
the observed line-of-sight velocity dispersion.
  We analyse the binary fractions and distributions of 95 simulated GCs, with
and without an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) in their centre. We show
that an IMBH will not only halt the segregation of binaries towards the cluster
centre, but also, directly and indirectly, disrupt the binaries that segregate,
thus depleting binaries in the cluster core. We illustrate this by showing that
clusters with an IMBH have fewer binaries and flatter radial binary
distributions than their counterparts without one. These differences in the
binary fraction and distribution provide an additional indicator for the
presence of a central IMBH in GCs. In addition, we analyse the effects of the
binary fraction on the line-of-sight velocity dispersion in the simulated GCs
and find that binaries can cause an overestimation of up to $70\%$ of the
velocity dispersion within the core radius. Using recent VLT/MUSE observations
of NGC 3201 by Giesers et al. (2019), we find an overestimation of
$32.2\pm7.8\%$ in the velocity dispersion that is consistent with the
simulations and illustrates the importance of accurately accounting for the
binary population when performing kinematic or dynamical analysis.


  In this work we show a barrier towards proving a randomness-efficient
parallel repetition, a promising avenue for achieving many tight
inapproximability results. Feige and Kilian (STOC'95) proved an impossibility
result for randomness-efficient parallel repetition for two prover games with
small degree, i.e., when each prover has only few possibilities for the
question of the other prover. In recent years, there have been indications that
randomness-efficient parallel repetition (also called derandomized parallel
repetition) might be possible for games with large degree, circumventing the
impossibility result of Feige and Kilian. In particular, Dinur and Meir
(CCC'11) construct games with large degree whose repetition can be derandomized
using a theorem of Impagliazzo, Kabanets and Wigderson (SICOMP'12). However,
obtaining derandomized parallel repetition theorems that would yield optimal
inapproximability results has remained elusive.
  This paper presents an explanation for the current impasse in progress, by
proving a limitation on derandomized parallel repetition. We formalize two
properties which we call "fortification-friendliness" and "yields robust
embeddings." We show that any proof of derandomized parallel repetition
achieving almost-linear blow-up cannot both (a) be fortification-friendly and
(b) yield robust embeddings. Unlike Feige and Kilian, we do not require the
small degree assumption.
  Given that virtually all existing proofs of parallel repetition, including
the derandomized parallel repetition result of Dinur and Meir, share these two
properties, our no-go theorem highlights a major barrier to achieving
almost-linear derandomized parallel repetition.


  Quantum network applications like distributed quantum computing and quantum
secret sharing present a promising future network equipped with quantum
resources. Entanglement generation and distribution over long distances is
critical and unavoidable to utilize quantum technology in a fully-connected
network. The distribution of bipartite entanglement over long distances has
seen some progresses, while the distribution of multipartite entanglement over
long distances remains unsolved. Here we report a two-dimensional quantum
repeater protocol for the generation of multipartite entanglement over long
distances with all-photonic framework to fill this gap. The yield of the
proposed protocol shows long transmission distance under various numbers of
network users. With the improved efficiency and flexibility of extending the
number of users, we anticipate that our protocol can work as a significant
building block for quantum networks in the future.


  The even cycle problem for both undirected and directed graphs has been the
topic of intense research in the last decade. In this paper, we study the
computational complexity of \emph{cycle length modularity problems}. Roughly
speaking, in a cycle length modularity problem, given an input (undirected or
directed) graph, one has to determine whether the graph has a cycle $C$ of a
specific length (or one of several different lengths), modulo a fixed integer.
We denote the two families (one for undirected graphs and one for directed
graphs) of problems by $(S,m)\hbox{-}{\rm UC}$ and $(S,m)\hbox{-}{\rm DC}$,
where $m \in \mathcal{N}$ and $S \subseteq \{0,1, ..., m-1\}$.
$(S,m)\hbox{-}{\rm UC}$ (respectively, $(S,m)\hbox{-}{\rm DC}$) is defined as
follows: Given an undirected (respectively, directed) graph $G$, is there a
cycle in $G$ whose length, modulo $m$, is a member of $S$? In this paper, we
fully classify (i.e., as either polynomial-time solvable or as ${\rm
NP}$-complete) each problem $(S,m)\hbox{-}{\rm UC}$ such that $0 \in S$ and
each problem $(S,m)\hbox{-}{\rm DC}$ such that $0 \notin S$. We also give a
sufficient condition on $S$ and $m$ for the following problem to be
polynomial-time computable: $(S,m)\hbox{-}{\rm UC}$ such that $0 \notin S$.


  We review a number of experiments and theoretical calculations on heavy ions
and exotic atoms, which aim at providing informations on fundamental
interactions. Among those are propositions of experiments for parity violation
measurements in heavy ions and high-precision mesurements of He-like transition
energies in highly charged ions. We also describe recent experiments on pionic
atoms, that make use of highly-charged ion transitions to obtain accurate
measurements of strong interaction shift and width.


  We make a direct test of Tully-Fisher distance estimates to eleven spiral
galaxies with HST Cepheid distances and to twelve spiral galaxies with SNIa
distances. The HST Cepheid distances come from the work of Freedman (1997),
Sandage et al (1996) and Tanvir et al (1995). The SNIa distances come from
Pierce (1994), calibrated using the Cepheid results of Sandage et al (1996).
The Tully-Fisher distances mostly come from the work of Pierce (1994). The
results show that the Tully-Fisher distance moduli are too short with respect
to the Cepheid distances by 0.46+-0.14mag and too short with respect to the
SNIa distances by 0.46+-0.19mag. Combining the HST Cepheid and SNIa data
suggests that, overall, previous Tully-Fisher distances were too short by
0.46+-0.11mag, a result which is significant at the 4sigma level. These data
therefore indicate that previous Tully-Fisher distances should be revised
upwards by 24+-6% implying, for example, a Virgo distance of 19.3+-1.9Mpc. The
value of Ho from Tully-Fisher estimates is correspondingly revised downwards
from Ho=84+-10 to Ho=68+-8.


  Logical fallacies are common errors in reasoning that undermine the logic of
an argument. Automatically detecting logical fallacies has important
applications in tracking misinformation and validating claims. In this paper,
we design a process to reliably detect logical fallacies by translating natural
language to First-order Logic (FOL) step-by-step using Large Language Models
(LLMs). We then utilize Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solvers to reason
about the validity of the formula and classify inputs as either a fallacy or
valid statement. Our model also provides a novel means of utilizing LLMs to
interpret the output of the SMT solver, offering insights into the
counter-examples that illustrate why a given sentence is considered a logical
fallacy. Our approach is robust, interpretable and does not require training
data or fine-tuning. We evaluate our model on a mixed dataset of fallacies and
valid sentences. The results demonstrate improved performance compared to
end-to-end LLMs, with our classifier achieving an F1-score of 71\% on the Logic
dataset. The approach is able to generalize effectively, achieving an F1-score
of 73% on the challenge set, LogicClimate, outperforming state-of-the-art
models by 21% despite its much smaller size.


  We present evidence for an expanding superbubble in M82 (diameter: ~130 pc,
expansion velocity: ~45 km/s, mass: ~8*10^6 SM). It is seen in the 12CO(J=1-0),
12CO(J=2-1), 13CO(J=1-0) and C18O(J=1-0) lines. The superbubble is centred
around the most powerful supernova remnant in M82, 41.9+58. The CO observations
show that the molecular superbubble already broke out of the disk. This
scenario is supported by ROSAT HRI observations which suggest that hot coronal
gas originating from inside the shell is the main contributor to the diffuse
X-ray outflow in M82. We briefly discuss observations of the same region at
other wavelengths (radio continuum, optical, HI, X-rays, ionized gas). From our
spectral line observations, we derive a kinematic age of about 10^6 years for
the superbubble. Using simple theoretical models, the total energy needed for
the creation of this superbubble is of order 2*10^{54} ergs. The required
energy input rate (0.001 SN yr^{-1}) is reasonable given the high supernova
(SN) rate of ~0.1 SN yr^{-1} in the central part of M82. As much as 10% of the
energy needed to create the superbubble is still present in form of the kinetic
energy of the expanding molecular shell. Of order 10% is conserved in the hot
X-ray emitting gas emerging from the superbubble into the halo of M82. This
newly detected expanding molecular superbubble is believed to be powered by the
same objects that also lie at the origin of the prominent X-ray outflow in M82.
It can therefore be used as an alternative tool to investigate the physical
properties of these sources.


  The pioneering realization of suspensions of ferroelectric nanoparticles in a
nematic host was one of excellent contributions of Yuri Reznikov to the science
of liquid crystals [Y. Reznikov et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) 191]. This
achievement created great excitement as entailed the enhancement of materials
dielectric properties and increase of the phase transition temperature between
nematic and isotropic phase. In this contribution, we examine the spectrum of
fundamental fluctuations in one of his ferroelectric suspensions by dynamic
light scattering measurements, which gives insight into the coupling between
the particles and the orientation of the liquid crystalline matrix. We set side
by side these results with the equivalent ones obtained for the case of stable
suspensions of ferromagnetic nanoplatelets in a nematic matrix showing
macroscopic ferromagnetic ordering. The underlying origin of the difference
between the particle-matrix coupling observed in both cases is discussed and
its effect on the orientational fluctuations spectrum is compared.


  The set $\mathbf{F}(d)$ of foliations of degree $d$ on the complex projective
plane can be identified with a Zariski's open set of a projective space of
dimension $(d+2)^2-2$ on which acts
$\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}})$. The subset $\mathbf{FP}(d)$ of
$\mathbf{F}(d)$ consisting of foliations of $\mathbf{F}(d)$ with a flat
Legendre transform (dual web) is a Zariski closed subset of $\mathbf{F}(d)$. In
this dissertation we study foliations of $\mathbf{FP}(d)$ and we try to better
understand the topological structure of $\mathbf{FP}(3)$. First, we establish
some effective criteria for the flatness of the dual $d$-web of a homogeneous
foliation of degree $d$ and we describe some explicit examples. We will see
also that it is possible, under certain assumptions, to bring the study of
flatness of the dual web of a general foliation to the homogeneous framework.
Second, we classify up to automorphism of $\mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}}$ the
elements of $\mathbf{FP}(3)$. More precisely, we show that up to automorphism
there are $16$ foliations of degree $3$ with a flat Legendre transform. From
this classification we deduce that $\mathbf{FP}(3)$ has exactly $12$
irreducible components.


  Standard multiple-beam holography has been largely used to produce gratings
in polymer-liquid crystal composites, like POLICRYPS, H-PDLC gratings and
POLIPHEM [1]. In this work we present a different approach to liquid
crystalpolymeric grating production, based on the Computer-Generated Holography
(CGH). The great advantage of using CGH is that interferometer-based schemes
are no longer necessary, avoiding problems related to long term stability of
the interference pattern and multi-beam complex optical setup. Moreover, the
CGH technique allows a wider choice of pattern designs. In this preliminary
work, we obtained promising results, as for instance the patterning of a
square-wave refractive index modulation of a LCpolymeric composite, a pattern
which is not achievable with standard two-beam holography.


  Dark matter scattering off a nucleus has a small probability of inducing an
observable ionization through the inelastic excitation of an electron, called
the Migdal effect. We use an effective field theory to extend the computation
of the Migdal effect in semiconductors to regions of small momentum transfer to
the nucleus, where the final state of the nucleus is no longer well described
by a plane wave. Our analytical result can be fully quantified by the
measurable dynamic structure factor of the semiconductor, which accounts for
the vibrational degrees of freedom (phonons) in a crystal. We show that, due to
the sum rules obeyed by the structure factor, the inclusive Migdal rate and the
shape of the electron recoil spectrum is well captured by approximating the
nuclei in the crystal as free ions; however, the exclusive differential rate
with respect to energy depositions to the crystal depends on the phonon
dynamics encoded in the dynamic structure function of the specific material.
Our results now allow the Migdal effect in semiconductors to be evaluated even
for the lightest dark matter candidates ($m_\chi \gtrsim 1$ MeV) that can
kinematically excite electrons.


  Traffic on freeways can be managed by means of ramp meters from Road Traffic
Control rooms. Human operators cannot efficiently manage a network of ramp
meters. To support them, we present an intelligent platform for traffic
management which includes a new ramp metering coordination scheme in the
decision making module, an efficient dashboard for interacting with human
operators, machine learning tools for learning event definitions and Complex
Event Processing tools able to deal with uncertainties inherent to the traffic
use case. Unlike the usual approach, the devised event-driven platform is able
to predict a congestion up to 4 minutes before it really happens. Proactive
decision making can then be established leading to significant improvement of
traffic conditions.


  In this paper we study the maximal position process of branching Brownian
motion in random spatial environment. The random environment is given by a
process $\xi = \left(\xi(x)\right)_{x\in\mathbb{R}}$ satisfying certain
conditions. We show that the maximum position $M_t$ of particles alive at time
$t$ satisfies a quenched strong law of large numbers and an annealed invariance
principle.


  It is established that if a time series satisfies the Berman condition, and
another related (summability) condition, the result of filtering that series
through a certain type of filter also satisfies the two conditions. In
particular it follows that if $X_t$ satisfies the two conditions and if $X_t$
and $a_t$ are related by an invertible ARMA model, then the $a_t$ satisfy the
two conditions.


  Nowadays, artificial intelligence algorithms are used for targeted and
personalized content distribution in the large scale as part of the intense
competition for attention in the digital media environment. Unfortunately,
targeted information dissemination may result in intellectual isolation and
discrimination. Further, as demonstrated in recent political events in the US
and EU, malicious bots and social media users can create and propagate targeted
`fake news' content in different forms for political gains. From the other
direction, fake news detection algorithms attempt to combat such problems by
identifying misinformation and fraudulent user profiles. This paper reviews
common news feed algorithms as well as methods for fake news detection, and we
discuss how news feed algorithms could be misused to promote falsified content,
affect news diversity, or impact credibility. We review how news feed
algorithms and recommender engines can enable confirmation bias to isolate
users to certain news sources and affecting the perception of reality. As a
potential solution for increasing user awareness of how content is selected or
sorted, we argue for the use of interpretable and explainable news feed
algorithms. We discuss how improved user awareness and system transparency
could mitigate unwanted outcomes of echo chambers and bubble filters in social
media.


  A new class of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras given a name of Lax operator
algebras, and the related unifying approach to finite-dimensional integrable
systems with spectral parameter on a Riemann surface, such as Calogero--Moser
and Hitchin systems, are presented. In particular, our approach includes (the
non-twisted) Kac--Moody algebras and integrable systems with rational spectral
parameter. The presentation is based on the quite simple ideas related to
gradings of semisimple Lie algebras, and their interaction with the
Riemann--Roch theorem. The basic properties of the Lax operator algebras, as
well as the basic facts of the theory of integrable systems in question, are
treated (and proven) from this general point of view, in particular existence
of commutative hierarchies and their Hamiltonian properties. We conclude with
an application of the Lax operator algebras to prequantization of
finite-dimensional integrable systems.


  We construct a random surface model with a string susceptibility exponent one
quarter by taking an Ising model on a random surface and introducing an
additional degree of freedom which amounts to allowing certain outgrowths on
the surfaces. Fine tuning the Ising temperature and the weight factor for
outgrowths we find a triple point where the susceptibility exponent is one
quarter. At this point magnetized and nonmagnetized gravity phases meet a
branched polymer phase.


  While the spin dynamics of La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ in the ferromagnetic
phase are known to be unconventional, previous measurements have yielded
contradictory results regarding the damping of spin wave excitations. Neutron
spectroscopy measurements on a sample with a transition temperature of
$T_c$=257 K, higher than most single crystals, unambiguously reveal an
anomalous increase in spin wave damping for excitations approaching the
Brillouin zone boundary along the [$100$] direction that cannot be explained as
an artifact due to a noninteracting phonon branch. Spin waves throughout the
($HK0$) plane display a common trend where the spin wave damping is dependent
upon the excitation energy, increasing for energies above roughly 15 meV and
reaching a full width at half maximum of at least 20 meV. The results are
consistent with a model of intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity with phase separated
regions approximately 18 {\AA} in size persisting over a large range of
temperatures below $T_c$.


  In this paper we compare the performance of two likelihood ratio based
detection statistics namely maximum likelihood ratio statistic and {\it hybrid}
statistic designed for the detection of gravitational waves from compact binary
coalescence using multiple interferometric detector networks. We perform
simulations with non-spinning double neutron star binary system and neutron
star-black hole binary systems with spinning as well as non-spinning black hole
component masses. The binary injections are distributed uniformly in volume up
to 1 Gpc. We observe that, on average, the maximum likelihood ratio statistic
recovers $\sim 34.45\%$, $\sim 49.69\%$, $\sim 61.25\%$ and $\sim 69.67\%$ of
injections in 2, 3, 4 and 5 detector networks respectively in the case of
neutron star-black hole injections for a fixed false alarm probability of
$10^{-7}$ in Gaussian noise. Further, we note that, compared to the maximum
likelihood ratio statistic, the {\it hybrid} statistic recovers $\sim 7.45\%$,
$\sim 4.57\%$, $\sim 2.56\%$ and $\sim 1.22\%$ more injections in 2, 3, 4 and 5
detector networks respectively for the same false alarm probability in Gaussian
noise. On the other hand, among binary neutron star injections, the maximum
likelihood ratio statistic recovers $\sim 5.587\%$, $\sim 9.917\%$, $\sim
14.73\%$ and $\sim 19.86\%$ of injections in 2, 3, 4 and 5 detector networks
respectively and the {\it hybrid} statistic recovers $\sim 14.63\%$, $\sim
12.91\%$, $\sim 11.49\%$ and $\sim 10.29\%$ more injections compared to maximum
likelihood ratio statistic in 2, 3, 4 and 5 detector networks respectively.


  It has been observed that the famous Feigenbaum-Coullet-Tresser period
doubling universality has a counterpart for area-preserving maps of
$\field{R}^2$. A renormalization approach has been used in a computer-assisted
proof of existence of an area-preserving map with orbits of all binary periods
by J.-P. Eckmann, H. Koch and P. Wittwer (1982 and 1984). As it is the case
with all non-trivial universality problems in non-dissipative systems in
dimensions more than one, no analytic proof of this period doubling
universality exists to date.
  We argue that the period doubling renormalization fixed point for
area-preserving maps is almost one dimensional, in the sense that it is close
to the following Henon-like map: $$H^*(x,u)=(\phi(x)-u,x-\phi(\phi(x)-u)),$$
where $\phi$ solves $$\phi(x)={2 \over \lambda} \phi(\phi(\lambda x))-x.$$
  We then give a ``proof'' of existence of solutions of small analytic
perturbations of this one dimensional problem, and describe some of the
properties of this solution.
  The ``proof'' consists of an analytic argument for factorized inverse
branches of $\phi$ together with verification of several inequalities and
inclusions of subsets of $\field{C}$ numerically.
  Finally, we suggest an analytic approach to the full period doubling problem
for area-preserving maps based on its proximity to the one dimensional. In this
respect, the paper is an exploration of a possible analytic machinery for a
non-trivial renormalization problem in a conservative two-dimensional system.


  We observe charge-order fluctuations in the quasi-two-dimensional organic
superconductor $\beta^{\prime\prime}$-(BEDT-TTF)2 SF5 CH2 CF2 SO3 both by means
of vibrational spectroscopy, locally probing the fluctuating charge order, and
investigating the in-plane dynamical response by infrared reflectance
spectroscopy. The decrease of effective electronic interaction in an
isostructural metal suppresses both charge-order fluctuations and
superconductivity, pointing on their interplay. We compare the results of our
experiments with calculations on the extended Hubbard model.


  In this work, bi-para-complex analogue of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems
was introduced on Lagrangian distributions. Yet, the geometric and physical
results related to bi-para-dynamical systems were also presented.


  We argue that supersymmetric grand unification of gauge couplings is not
incompatible with small $\alpha_s$, even without large GUT-scale corrections,
if one relaxes a usual universal gaugino mass assumption. A commonly assumed
relation $M_2\simeq m_{\rm gluino}/3$ is in gross contradiction with
$\alpha_s\approx 0.11$. Instead, small $\alpha_s$ favors $M_2\gg m_{\rm
gluino}$. If this is indeed the case our observation casts doubt on another
commonly used relation $M_1\simeq 0.5 M_2$ which originates from the same
constraint of a common gaugino mass at the GUT scale. One firm prediction
emerging within the small $\alpha_s$ scenario with the unconstrained gaugino
masses is the existence of a relatively light gluino below $\sim$ 200\gev.


  Blockchain is a decentralized transaction and data management solution, the
technological weapon-of-choice behind the success of Bitcoin and other
cryptocurrencies. As the number and variety of existing blockchain
implementations continues to increase, adopters should focus on selecting the
best one to support their decentralized applications (dApps), rather than
developing new ones from scratch. In this paper we present a framework to aid
software architects, developers, tool selectors and decision makers to adopt
the right blockchain technology for their problem at hand. The framework
exposes the correlation between technological decisions and architectural
features, capturing the knowledge from existing industrial products, technical
forums/blogs, experts' feedback and academic literature; plus our own
experience using and developing blockchain-based applications. We validate our
framework by applying it to dissect the most outstanding blockchain platforms,
i.e., the ones behind the top 10 cryptocurrencies apart from Bitcoin. Then, we
show how we applied it to a real-world case study in the insurtech domain.


  Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are ubiquitously used for signal
processing and filtering, as well as mechanical, chemical and biological
sensing, and show promise as quantum transducers. However, nowadays most SAWs
are excited and driven via electromechanical coupling and interdigital
transducers (IDTs), limiting operation bandwidth and flexibility. Novel ways to
coherently excite and detect SAWs all-optically interfaced with photonic
integrated circuits are yet elusive. Backward Stimulated Brillouin scattering
(SBS) provides strong coherent interactions between optical and acoustic waves
in chip-scale waveguides, however, demonstrations have been limited to single
longitudinal waves in the waveguide core. Here, we numerically model and
experimentally demonstrate surface acoustic wave stimulated Brillouin
scattering (SAW-SBS) on a photonic chip. We designed and fabricated tailored
waveguides made out of GeAsSe glass that show good overlap between SAWs at 3.81
GHz and guided optical modes, without requiring a top cladding. We measure a
225 W$^{-1}$m$^{-1}$ Brillouin gain coefficient of the surface acoustic
resonance and linewidth narrowing to 40 MHz. Experimentally accessing this new
regime of stimulated Brillouin scattering opens the door for novel on-chip
sensing and signal processing applications, strong Brillouin interactions in
materials that do not provide sufficient acoustic guidance in the waveguide
core as well as excitation of surface acoustic waves in non-piezoelectric
materials.


  We study the lattice approximations to the dynamical $\Phi^4_3$ model by
paracontrolled distributions proposed in [GIP13]. We prove that the solutions
to the lattice systems converge to the solution to the dynamical $\Phi_3^4$
model in probability, locally in time. The dynamical $\Phi_3^4$ model is not
well defined in the classical sense. Renormalisation has to be performed in
order to define the non-linear term. Formally, this renormalisation corresponds
to adding an infinite mass term to the equation which leads to adding a drift
term in the lattice systems.


  Based on the spectral analysis of individual orbits of stars from different
$N$-body models, we show that the face-on morphology of the so-called `face-on
peanut' bars (boxy bars) and barlenses is supported by different types of
orbits. For `face-on peanut' bars, the so-called boxy orbits come to the fore,
and they are responsible for the unusual morphology of the bar in the central
regions. In the models with compact bulges, the bars show a barlens morphology
in their central parts. We found that the barlens supporting orbits come in two
types, one of which gives a square-like shape and the other have a rosette-like
shape in the frame co-rotating with the bar. Such a shape is typical for orbits
around stable loop orbits in nearly axisymmetric potentials only slightly
distorted by the bar. They were already known from some of the previous studies
but their role in barlens shaping was barely investigated. Although quite
simple, the rosette-like orbits are found to be the main building block of a
barlens in our models. The detailed analysis of all bar orbits also allowed us
to distinguish the x2 orbital family and isolate the structure supported by
orbits trapped around this family. The x2 family is well-known, but,
apparently, for the first time in $N$-body models we have revealed the
structure it supports by means of spectral dynamics and highlight its
contribution to the barlens. We found that the x2 family population increases
with an increase in central matter concentration.


  In a distributed game we imagine a team Player engaging a team Opponent in a
distributed fashion. Such games and their strategies have been formalised in
concurrent games based on event structures. However there are limitations in
founding strategies on traditional event structures. Sometimes a probabilistic
distributed strategy relies on certain benign races where, intuitively, several
members of team Player may race each other to make a common move. Although
there are event structures which support such parallel causes, in which an
event is enabled in several compatible ways, they do not support an operation
of hiding central to the composition of strategies; nor do they support
probability adequately. An extension of traditional event structures is devised
which supports parallel causes and hiding, as well as the mix of probability
and nondeterminism needed to account for probabilistic distributed strategies.
The extension is tested in the construction of a bicategory of probabilistic
distributed strategies with parallel causes. The bicategory is rich in
operations relevant to probabilistic as well as deterministic parallel
programming.


  A fundamental challenge for machine learning models is generalizing to
out-of-distribution (OOD) data, in part due to spurious correlations. To tackle
this challenge, we first formalize the OOD generalization problem as
constrained optimization, called Disentanglement-constrained Domain
Generalization (DDG). We relax this non-trivial constrained optimization
problem to a tractable form with finite-dimensional parameterization and
empirical approximation. Then a theoretical analysis of the extent to which the
above transformations deviates from the original problem is provided. Based on
the transformation, we propose a primal-dual algorithm for joint representation
disentanglement and domain generalization. In contrast to traditional
approaches based on domain adversarial training and domain labels, DDG jointly
learns semantic and variation encoders for disentanglement, enabling flexible
manipulation and augmentation on training data. DDG aims to learn intrinsic
representations of semantic concepts that are invariant to nuisance factors and
generalizable across domains. Comprehensive experiments on popular benchmarks
show that DDG can achieve competitive OOD performance and uncover interpretable
salient structures within data.


  We consider the problem of the first passage time to the origin of a
spatially non-homogeneous random walk with a position-dependent drift, known as
the Gillis random walk, in the presence of resetting. The walk starts from an
initial site $ x_0 $ and, with fixed probability $ r $, at each step may be
relocated to a given site $ x_r $. From a general perspective, we first derive
a series of results regarding the first and the second moment of the first
hitting time distribution, valid for a wide class of processes, including
random walks lacking the property of translational invariance; we then apply
these results to the specific model. When resetting is not applied, by tuning
the value of a parameter which defines the transition probability of the
process, denoted by $ \epsilon $, the recurrence properties of the walk are
changed, and we can observe: a transient walk, a null-recurrent walk, or a
positive-recurrent walk. When the resetting mechanism is switched on, we study
quantitatively in all regimes the improvement of the search efficiency. In
particular, in every case resetting allows the system to reach the target with
probability one and, on average, in a finite time. If the reset-free system is
in the transient or null-recurrent regime, this makes resetting always
advantageous and moreover, it assures the existence of an optimal resetting
probability $ r^* $ which minimizes the mean first hitting time. Instead, when
the system is positive-recurrent, the introduction of resetting is not
necessarily beneficial. We explain that in this case there exists a threshold $
r_{\mathrm{th}} $ for the resetting probability $ r $, above which the
resetting mechanism yields a larger mean first hitting time with respect to the
reset-free system. We provide a study of $ r_{\mathrm{th}} $, which can be zero
for some values of the system parameters, meaning that...


  This paper introduces a novel approach to sketch colourisation, inspired by
the universal childhood activity of colouring and its professional applications
in design and story-boarding. Striking a balance between precision and
convenience, our method utilises region masks and colour palettes to allow
intuitive user control, steering clear of the meticulousness of manual colour
assignments or the limitations of textual prompts. By strategically combining
ControlNet and staged generation, incorporating Stable Diffusion v1.5, and
leveraging BLIP-2 text prompts, our methodology facilitates faithful image
generation and user-directed colourisation. Addressing challenges of local and
global consistency, we employ inventive solutions such as an inversion scheme,
guided sampling, and a self-attention mechanism with a scaling factor. The
resulting tool is not only fast and training-free but also compatible with
consumer-grade Nvidia RTX 4090 Super GPUs, making it a valuable asset for both
creative professionals and enthusiasts in various fields. Project Page:
\url{https://chaitron.github.io/SketchDeco/}


  Although various pieces of indirect evidence about the nature of dark matter
have been collected, its direct detection has eluded experimental searches
despite extensive effort. If the mass of dark matter is below 1 MeV, it is
essentially imperceptible to conventional detection methods because negligible
energy is transferred to nuclei during collisions. Here I propose directly
detecting dark matter through the quantum decoherence it causes rather than its
classical effects such as recoil or ionization. I show that quantum spatial
superpositions are sensitive to low-mass dark matter that is inaccessible to
classical techniques. This provides new independent motivation for matter
interferometry with large masses, especially on spaceborne platforms. The
apparent dark matter wind we experience as the Sun travels through the Milky
Way ensures interferometers and related devices are directional detectors, and
so are able to provide unmistakable evidence that decoherence has galactic
origins.


  To solve deep neural network (DNN)'s huge training dataset and its high
computation issue, so-called teacher-student (T-S) DNN which transfers the
knowledge of T-DNN to S-DNN has been proposed. However, the existing T-S-DNN
has limited range of use, and the knowledge of T-DNN is insufficiently
transferred to S-DNN. To improve the quality of the transferred knowledge from
T-DNN, we propose a new knowledge distillation using singular value
decomposition (SVD). In addition, we define a knowledge transfer as a
self-supervised task and suggest a way to continuously receive information from
T-DNN. Simulation results show that a S-DNN with a computational cost of 1/5 of
the T-DNN can be up to 1.1\% better than the T-DNN in terms of classification
accuracy. Also assuming the same computational cost, our S-DNN outperforms the
S-DNN driven by the state-of-the-art distillation with a performance advantage
of 1.79\%. code is available on https://github.com/sseung0703/SSKD\_SVD.


  The parameters of the electroweak theory are determined in a combined
electroweak and QCD analysis using all deep-inelastic $e^+p$ and $e^-p$ neutral
current and charged current scattering cross sections published by the H1
Collaboration, including data with longitudinally polarised lepton beams.
Various fits to Standard Model parameters in the on-shell scheme are performed.
The mass of the $W$ boson is determined as $m(W)=80.520\pm 0.115$ GeV. The
axial-vector and vector couplings of the light quarks to the $Z$ boson are also
determined. Both results improve the precision of previous H1 determinations
based on HERA-I data by about a factor of two. Possible scale dependence of the
weak coupling parameters in both neutral and charged current interactions
beyond the Standard Model is also studied. All results are found to be
consistent with the Standard Model expectations.


  The category of perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian of a complex
reductive group $G$ gives a canonical geometric construction of the split form
of the Langlands dual group $\check G_\bZ$ over the integers. Given a field
$k$, we give a Tannakian construction of the quasi-split forms of $\check G_k$,
as well as a construction of the gerbe associated to an inner form of $\check
G_k$.


  We discuss rather systematically the principle, implicit in earlier works,
that for a "random" element in an arithmetic subgroup of a (split, say)
reductive algebraic group over a number field, the splitting field of the
characteristic polynomial, computed using any faitfhful representation, has
Galois group isomorphic to the Weyl group of the underlying algebraic group.
Besides tools such as the large sieve, which we had already used, we introduce
some probabilistic ideas (large deviation estimates for finite Markov chains)
and the general case involves a more precise understanding of the way Frobenius
conjugacy classes are computed for such splitting fields (which is related to a
map between regular elements of a finite group of Lie type and conjugacy
classes in the Weyl group which had been considered earlier by Carter and
Fulman for other purposes; we show in particular that the values of this map
are equidistributed).


  The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union is the
most famous recently enacted privacy regulation. Despite of the regulation's
legal, political, and technological ramifications, relatively little research
has been carried out for better understanding the GDPR's practical implications
for requirements engineering and software architectures. Building on a grounded
theory approach with close ties to the Finnish software industry, this paper
contributes to the sealing of this gap in previous research. Three questions
are asked and answered in the context of software development organizations.
First, the paper elaborates nine practical constraints under which many small
and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often operate when implementing solutions
that address the new regulatory demands. Second, the paper elicits nine
regulatory requirements from the GDPR for software architectures. Third, the
paper presents an implementation for a software architecture that complies both
with the requirements elicited and the constraints elaborated.


  Using N-body simulations of shell galaxies created in nearly radial minor
mergers, we investigate the error of collision dating, resulting from the
neglect of dynamical friction and of gradual disruption of the cannibalized
dwarf.


  We present results of mid-infrared 5.0-16.5 micron spectrophotometric imaging
of the starburst galaxies M82, NGC253, and NGC1808 from the ISOCAM instrument
on board the Infrared Space Observatory. The mid-infrared spectra of the three
galaxies are very similar in terms of features present. The > 11 micron
continuum attributed to very small dust grains (VSGs) exhibits a large spread
in intensity relative to the short-wavelength emission. We find that the 15
micron dust continuum flux density correlates well with the fine-structure
[ArII] 6.99 micron line flux and thus provides a good quantitative indicator of
the level of star formation activity. By contrast, the 5-11 micron region
dominated by emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has a nearly
invariant shape. Variations in the relative intensities of the PAH features are
nevertheless observed, at the 20%-100% level. We illustrate extinction effects
on the shape of the mid-infrared spectrum of obscured starbursts, emphasizing
the differences depending on the applicable extinction law and the consequences
for the interpretation of PAH ratios and extinction estimates. The relative
spatial distributions of the PAH, VSG, and [ArII] 6.99 micron emission between
the three galaxies exhibit remarkable differences. The < 1 kpc size of the
mid-infrared source is much smaller than the optical extent of our sample
galaxies and 70%-100% of the IRAS 12 micron flux is recovered within the ISOCAM
< 1.5 arcmin squared field of view, indicating that the nuclear starburst
dominates the total mid-infrared emission while diffuse light from quiescent
disk star formation contributes little.


  We relate two notions of local error for integration schemes on Riemannian
homogeneous spaces, and show how to derive global error estimates from such
local bounds. In doing so, we prove for the first time that the Lie-Butcher
theory of Lie group integrators leads to global error estimates.


  Separation logic is a substructural logic which has proved to have numerous
and fruitful applications to the verification of programs working on dynamic
data structures. Recently, Barthe, Hsu and Liao have proposed a new way of
giving semantics to separation logic formulas in which separating conjunction
is interpreted in terms of probabilistic independence. The latter is taken in
its exact form, i.e., two events are independent if and only if the joint
probability is the product of the probabilities of the two events. There is
indeed a literature on weaker notions of independence which are computational
in nature, i.e. independence holds only against efficient adversaries and
modulo a negligible probability of success. The aim of this work is to explore
the nature of computational independence in a cryptographic scenario, in view
of the aforementioned advances in separation logic. We show on the one hand
that the semantics of separation logic can be adapted so as to account for
complexity bounded adversaries, and on the other hand that the obtained logical
system is useful for writing simple and compact proofs of standard
cryptographic results in which the adversary remains hidden. Remarkably, this
allows for a fruitful interplay between independence and pseudorandomness,
itself a crucial notion in cryptography.


  We study the Landau gauge gluon and ghost propagators of SU(3) gauge theory,
employing the logarithmic definition for the lattice gluon fields and
implementing the corresponding form of the Faddeev-Popov matrix. This is
necessary in order to consistently compare lattice data for the bare
propagators with that of higher-loop numerical stochastic perturbation theory
(NSPT). In this paper we provide such a comparison, and introduce what is
needed for an efficient lattice study. When comparing our data for the
logarithmic definition to that of the standard lattice Landau gauge we clearly
see the propagators to be multiplicatively related. The data of the associated
ghost-gluon coupling matches up almost completely. For the explored lattice
spacings and sizes discretization artifacts, finite-size and Gribov-copy
effects are small. At weak coupling and large momentum, the bare propagators
and the ghost-gluon coupling are seen to be approached by those of higher-order
NSPT.


  The observed mass-radius relationship of low-mass planets informs our
understanding of their composition and evolution. Recent discoveries of low
mass, large radii objects ("super-puffs") have challenged theories of planet
formation and atmospheric loss, as their high inferred gas masses make them
vulnerable to runaway accretion and hydrodynamic escape. Here we propose that
high altitude photochemical hazes could enhance the observed radii of low-mass
planets and explain the nature of super-puffs. We construct model atmospheres
in radiative-convective equilibrium and compute rates of atmospheric escape and
haze distributions, taking into account haze coagulation, sedimentation,
diffusion, and advection by an outflow wind. We develop mass-radius diagrams
that include atmospheric lifetimes and haze opacity, which is enhanced by the
outflow, such that young (~0.1-1 Gyr), warm (T$_{eq}$ $\geq$ 500 K), low mass
objects ($M_c$ < 4M$_{\rm Earth}$) should experience the most apparent radius
enhancement due to hazes, reaching factors of three. This reconciles the
densities and ages of the most extreme super-puffs. For Kepler-51b, the
inclusion of hazes reduces its inferred gas mass fraction to <10%, similar to
that of planets on the large radius side of the sub-Neptune radius gap. This
suggests that Kepler-51b may be evolving towards that population, and that some
warm sub-Neptunes may have evolved from super-puffs. Hazes also render
transmission spectra of super-puffs and sub-Neptunes featureless, consistent
with recent measurements. Our hypothesis can be tested by future observations
of super-puffs' transmission spectra at mid-infrared wavelengths, where we
predict that the planet radius will be half of that observed in the
near-infrared.


  Several models have been proposed to describe the dynamics of epithelial
tissues undergoing morphogenetic changes driven by apical constriction pulses,
which differ in where the constriction is applied, either at the perimeter or
medial regions. To help discriminate between these models, using the vertex
model for epithelial dynamics, we analysed the impact of where the constriction
is applied on the final geometry of the active cell that is reducing its apical
size. We find that medial activity, characterised by a reduction in the
reference area in the vertex model, induces symmetry breaking and generates
anisotropic cell shapes, while isotropic cell shapes and larger contractions
occur when the reference perimeter in the model is reduced. When plasticity is
included, sufficiently slow processes of medial contractile activity, compared
with typical apical constriction pulses, can also achieve significant cell
contraction. Finally, we apply the model to describe the active apical
contractile pulses observed during cellular mitotic events within the
epithelial enveloping cell layer in the developing annual killifish
Austrolebias nigripinnis, being able to quantitatively describe the temporal
evolution of cell shape changes when perimeter activity and area plasticity are
included. A global fit of all parameters of the vertex model is provided.


  In this paper, with the help of the idea of weakly weighted sharing
introduced by \emph{Lin -Lin} [Kodai Math. J., 29(2006), 269-280], we study the
uniqueness of a polynomial expression $ P(f) $ and $ [P(f)]^{(k)} $ of a
meromorphic function $ f $ sharing a small function. The main results
significantly improved the result of \emph{Liu - Gu} [Kodai Math. J.,
27(3)(2004), 272-279]. This research work explores certain condition under
which the polynomial $ P(f) $ can be reduced to a non-zero monomial, and as a
consequence, the specific form of the function $ f $ is obtained. By some
constructive examples it has been shown that some conditions in the main
results can not be removed and some of the inequalities are sharp.


  We find the quantum power emitted and distribution in $3+1$-dimensions of
relativistic acceleration radiation using a single perfectly reflecting mirror
via Lorentz invariance demonstrating close analogies to point charge radiation
in classical electrodynamics.


  We compute the motivic homotopy groups of algebraic cobordism over number
fields, the motivic homotopy groups of 2-complete algebraic cobordism over the
real numbers and rings of $2$-integers and the motivic homotopy groups of mod 2
motivic Morava $K$-theory over fields with low virtual cohomological dimension.
As an application we relate the order of the algebraic cobordism groups of
rings of 2-integers to special values of Dedekind $\zeta$-functions of totally
real abelian number fields.


  We consider a natural way of extending the Lebesgue covering dimension to
various classes of infinite dimensional separable metric spaces.


  Kim, K\"uhn, Osthus and Tyomkyn (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 371 (2019),
4655--4742) greatly extended the well-known blow-up lemma of Koml\'os,
S\'ark\"ozy and Szemer\'edi by proving a `blow-up lemma for approximate
decompositions' which states that multipartite quasirandom graphs can be almost
decomposed into any collection of bounded degree graphs with the same
multipartite structure and slightly fewer edges. This result has already been
used by Joos, Kim, K\"uhn and Osthus to prove the tree packing conjecture due
to Gy\'arf\'as and Lehel from 1976 and Ringel's conjecture from 1963 for
bounded degree trees as well as implicitly in the recent resolution of the
Oberwolfach problem (asked by Ringel in 1967) by Glock, Joos, Kim, K\"uhn and
Osthus. Here we present a new and significantly shorter proof of the blow-up
lemma for approximate decompositions. In fact, we prove a more general theorem
that yields packings with stronger quasirandom properties so that it can be
combined with Keevash's results on designs to obtain results of the following
form. For all $\varepsilon>0$, $r\in \mathbb{N}$ and all large $n$ (such that
$r$ divides $n-1$), there is a decomposition of $K_n$ into any collection of
$r$-regular graphs $H_1,\ldots,H_{(n-1)/r}$ on $n$ vertices provided that
$H_1,\ldots,H_{\varepsilon n}$ contain each at least $\varepsilon n$ vertices
in components of size at most $\varepsilon^{-1}$.