  In this paper, we determine rates of growth to infinity of scalar autonomous
nonlinear functional and Volterra differential equations. In these equations,
the right-hand side is a positive continuous linear functional of a nonlinear
function of the state. We assume the nonlinearity grows sublinearly at
infinity, leading to subexponential growth in the solutions. Our main results
show that the solutions of the functional differential equations are asymptotic
to those of an auxiliary autonomous ordinary differential equation when the
nonlinearity grows more slowly than a critical rate. If the nonlinearity grows
more rapidly than this rate, the ODE dominates the FDE. If the nonlinearity
tends to infinity at exactly this rate, the FDE and ODE grow at the same rate,
modulo a constant non-unit factor. Finally, if the nonlinearity grows more
slowly than the critical rate, then the ODE and FDE grow at the same rate
asymptotically. We also prove a partial converse of the last result. In the
case when the growth rate is slower than that of the ODE, we calculate sharp
bounds on the solutions.


  Comment [arXiv:cond-mat.stat.mech., 1602.02087v1 (2016)] has raised questions
claiming that the nonlocal model Hamiltonian presented in [Phys. Rev. E 92,
012123 (2015)] is equivalent to the standard (short-ranged) \Phi^4 theory.
These claims are based on a low momentum expansion of the interaction vertex
that cannot be applied to the vertex factors containing both low and high
momenta inside the loop-integrals. Elaborating upon the important steps of the
momentum shell decimation scheme, employed in the renormalization-group
calculation, we explicitly show the interplay of internal (high) and external
(low) momenta determining the loop integrals for self-energy and vertex
functions giving rise to corrections (to the bare parameters) different from
those of the standard (short-ranged) \Phi^4 theory. Employing explicit
mathematical arguments, we show that this difference persists when the range of
interaction is assumed to be long (short) ranged with respect to the lattice
constant (correlation-length), yielding the critical exponents as given in the
original paper.


  Spin-orbit coupling stands as a powerful tool to interconvert charge and spin
currents and to manipulate the magnetization of magnetic materials through the
spin torque phenomena. However, despite the diversity of existing bulk
materials and the recent advent of interfacial and low-dimensional effects,
control of the interconvertion at room-temperature remains elusive. Here, we
unequivocally demonstrate strongly enhanced room-temperature spin-to-charge
(StC) conversion in graphene driven by the proximity of a semiconducting
transition metal dichalcogenide(WS2). By performing spin precession experiments
in properly designed Hall bars, we separate the contributions of the spin Hall
and the spin galvanic effects. Remarkably, their corresponding conversion
effiencies can be tailored by electrostatic gating in magnitude and sign,
peaking nearby the charge neutrality point with a magnitude that is comparable
to the largest efficiencies reported to date. Such an unprecedented
electric-field tunability provides a new building block for spin generation
free from magnetic materials and for ultra-compact magnetic memory
technologies.


  We present a theoretical study on the origin of some findings of recent
experiments on sonic analogs of gravitational black holes. We focus on the
realization of a black-hole lasing configuration, where the conclusive
identification of stimulated Hawking radiation requires dealing with the
implications of the nonstationary character of the setup. To isolate the basic
mechanisms responsible for the observed behavior, we use a toy model where
nonstationarity can be described in terms of departures from adiabaticity. Our
approach allows studying which aspects of the characterization of black-hole
lasing in static models are still present in a dynamical scenario. In
particular, variations in the role of the dynamical instabilities can be
traced. Arguments to conjecture the twofold origin of the detected
amplification of sound are given: the differential effect of the instabilities
on the mean field and on the quantum fluctuations gives some clues to separate
a deterministic component from self-amplified Hawking radiation. The role of
classical noise, present in the experimental setup, is also tackled: we discuss
the emergence of differences with the effect of quantum fluctuations when
various unstable modes are relevant to the dynamics.


  We generalize the noncommutative relations obeyed by the guiding centers in
the two-dimensional quantum Hall effect to those obeyed by the projected
position operators in three-dimensional (3D) topological band insulators. The
noncommutativity in 3D space is tied to the integral over the 3D Brillouin zone
of a Chern-Simons invariant in momentum-space. We provide an example of a model
on the cubic lattice for which the chiral symmetry guarantees a macroscopic
number of zero-energy modes that form a perfectly flat band. This lattice model
realizes a chiral 3D noncommutative geometry. Finally, we find conditions on
the density-density structure factors that lead to a gapped 3D fractional
chiral topological insulator within Feynman's single-mode approximation.


  Cooperative vehicular networks will play a vital role in the coming years to
implement various intelligent transportation-related applications. Both
vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications
will be needed to reliably disseminate information in a vehicular network. In
this regard, a roadside unit (RSU) equipped with multiple antennas can improve
the network capacity. While the traditional approaches assume antennas to
experience independent fading, we consider a more practical uplink scenario
where antennas at the RSU experience correlated fading. In particular, we
evaluate the packet error probability for two renowned antenna correlation
models, i.e., constant correlation (CC) and exponential correlation (EC). We
also consider intermediate cooperative vehicles for reliable communication
between the source vehicle and the RSU. Here, we derive closed-form expressions
for packet error probability which help quantify the performance variations due
to fading parameter, correlation coefficients and the number of intermediate
helper vehicles. To evaluate the optimal transmit power in this network
scenario, we formulate a Stackelberg game, wherein, the source vehicle is
treated as a buyer and the helper vehicles are the sellers. The optimal
solutions for the asking price and the transmit power are devised which
maximize the utility functions of helper vehicles and the source vehicle,
respectively. We verify our mathematical derivations by extensive simulations
in MATLAB.


  We analyze observational constraints on the parameter space of tachyonic
inflation with a Gaussian potential and discuss some predictions of this
scenario. As was shown by Kofman and Linde, it is extremely problematic to
achieve the required range of parameters in conventional string
compactifications. We investigate if the situation can be improved in more
general compactifications with a warped metric and varying dilaton. The
simplest examples are the warped throat geometries that arise in the vicinity
of of a large number of space-filling D-branes. We find that the parameter
range for inflation can be accommodated in the background of D6-branes wrapping
a three-cycle in type IIA. We comment on the requirements that have to be met
in order to realize this scenario in an explicit string compactification.


  Shear thickening is a phenomenon of significant viscosity increase of
colloidal suspensions. While electrorheological (ER) fluids can be turned into
a solid-like material by applying an electric field, their shear strength is
widely represented by the attractive electrostatic interaction between ER
particles. By shearing ER fluids between two concentric cylinders, we show a
reversible shear thickening of ER fluids above a low critical shear rate (<1
s-1) and a high critical electric field strength (>100 V/mm), which could be
characterized by a modified Mason number. Shear thickening and electrostatic
particle interaction-induced inter-particle friction forces is considered to be
the real origin of the high shear strength of ER fluids, while the applied
electric field controls the extent of shear thickening. The electric
field-controlled reversible shear thickening has implications for
high-performance ER/magnetorheological (MR) fluid design, clutch fluids with
high friction forces triggered by applying local electric field, other
field-responsive materials and intelligent systems.


  We report the identification of an unusual absorption line system in the
quasar SDSS J080248.18$+$551328.9 and present a detailed study of the system,
incorporating follow-up optical and NIR spectroscopy. A few tens of absorption
lines are detected, including He I*, Fe II* and Ni II* that arise from
metastable or excited levels, as well as resonant lines in Mg I, Mg II, Fe II,
Mn II, and Ca II. All of the isolated absorption lines show the same profile of
width $\Delta v\sim 1,500$km s$^{-1}$ centered at a common redshift as that of
the quasar emission lines, such as [O II], [S II], and hydrogen Paschen and
Balmer series. With narrow Balmer lines, strong optical Fe II multiplets, and
weak [O III] doublets, its emission line spectrum is typical for that of a
narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS1). We have derived reliable measurements of
the gas-phase column densities of the absorbing ions/levels. Photoionization
modeling indicates that the absorber has a density of $n_{\rm H} \sim
(1.0-2.5)\times 10^5~ {\rm cm}^{-3}$ and a column density of $N_{\rm H} \sim
(1.0-3.2)\times 10^{21} \sim {\rm cm}^{-2}$, and is located at $R\sim100-250$
pc from the central super-massive black hole. The location of the absorber, the
symmetric profile of the absorption lines, and the coincidence of the
absorption and emission line centroid jointly suggest that the absorption gas
is originated from the host galaxy and is plausibly accelerated by stellar
processes, such as stellar winds \zhy{and/or} supernova explosions. The
implications for the detection of such a peculiar absorption line system in an
NLS1 are discussed in the context of co-evolution between super-massive black
hole growth and host galaxy build-up.


  We report the experimental observation of radiative recombination from
Rydberg excitons in a two-dimensional semiconductor, monolayer WSe2,
encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. Excitonic emission up to the 4s
excited state is directly observed in photoluminescence spectroscopy in an
out-of-plane magnetic field up to 31 Tesla. We confirm the progressively larger
exciton size for higher energy excited states through diamagnetic shift
measurements. This also enables us to estimate the 1s exciton binding energy to
be about 170 meV, which is significantly smaller than most previous reports.
The Zeeman shift of the 1s to 3s states, from both luminescence and absorption
measurements, exhibits a monotonic increase of g-factor, reflecting nontrivial
magnetic-dipole-moment differences between ground and excited exciton states.
This systematic evolution of magnetic dipole moments is theoretically explained
from the spreading of the Rydberg states in momentum space.


  Open-set semi-supervised learning (open-set SSL) investigates a challenging
but practical scenario where out-of-distribution (OOD) samples are contained in
the unlabeled data. While the mainstream technique seeks to completely filter
out the OOD samples for semi-supervised learning (SSL), we propose a novel
training mechanism that could effectively exploit the presence of OOD data for
enhanced feature learning while avoiding its adverse impact on the SSL. We
achieve this goal by first introducing a warm-up training that leverages all
the unlabeled data, including both the in-distribution (ID) and OOD samples.
Specifically, we perform a pretext task that enforces our feature extractor to
obtain a high-level semantic understanding of the training images, leading to
more discriminative features that can benefit the downstream tasks. Since the
OOD samples are inevitably detrimental to SSL, we propose a novel cross-modal
matching strategy to detect OOD samples. Instead of directly applying binary
classification, we train the network to predict whether the data sample is
matched to an assigned one-hot class label. The appeal of the proposed
cross-modal matching over binary classification is the ability to generate a
compatible feature space that aligns with the core classification task.
Extensive experiments show that our approach substantially lifts the
performance on open-set SSL and outperforms the state-of-the-art by a large
margin.


  In a recent paper [arXiv:1406.1320] Paris has made several comments
concerning the author's recent work on the exactification of Stirling's
approximation for the logarithm of the gamma function, $\ln \Gamma(z)$. Despite
acknowledging that the calculations in Ref. 2 are basically correct, he claims
that there is no need for the concept of regularisation when determining values
of $\ln \Gamma(z)$ from its complete asymptotic expansion. Here it is shown
that he has already applied the concept at the beginning of the analysis in
Ref. 1. Next he claims that the definition used in Ref. 2 for the Stokes
multiplier in the subdominant part of a complete expansion, which is
responsible for demonstrating that the Stokes phenomenon is discontinuous
rather than a smooth transition, is not correct. It is shown that the Stokes
multiplier used in Ref. 2 is entirely consistent with Berry's description of
the conventional view of the Stokes phenomenon in his famous work where he
developed the smoothing view [15]. Furthermore, it is pointed out that Paris
has not substantiated the smoothing view by at least reproducing or improving
the results in Table 7 of Ref. 2, which not only confirm the jump discontinuous
nature of the Stokes phenomenon, but also provide accurate values of $\ln
\Gamma(z)$ to 30 figures, regardless of the size of the variable or whether the
truncation is optimal or not. Finally, the issue of computational expediency of
MB-regularised values over Borel-summed values is discussed since Paris is
critical of the Borel-summed forms being used in computations.


  Electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays (charm and beauty) were measured
with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass of energy
$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV. The transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$)
differential production yields at mid-rapidity were used to calculate the
nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm AA}$ in the interval $3<p_{\rm T}< 18$
GeV/$c$. The $R_{\rm AA}$ shows a strong suppression compared to binary scaling
of pp collisions at the same energy (up to a factor of 4) in the 10% most
central Pb-Pb collisions. There is a centrality trend of suppression, and a
weaker suppression (down to a factor of 2) in semi-peripheral (50-80%)
collisions is observed. The suppression of electrons in this broad $p_{\rm T}$
interval indicates that both charm and beauty quarks lose energy when they
traverse the hot medium formed in Pb-Pb collisions at LHC.


  The interplay between local, repulsive interactions and disorder acting only
on one spin orientation of lattice fermions ("spin-dependent disorder") is
investigated. The nonmagnetic disorder vs. interaction phase diagram is
computed using Dynamical Mean-Field Theory in combination with the geometric
average over disorder. The latter determines the typical local density of
states and is therefore sensitive to Anderson localization. The effect of
spin-dependent disorder is found to be very different from that of conventional
disorder. In particular, it destabilizes the metallic solution and leads to a
novel spin-selective, localized phase at weak interactions and strong disorder.


  We drew attention to the analogy between the round-the-world seismic echo on
the Earth and on the Sun. The phenomenon of echo on the Earth is observed
during earthquakes. It was found that the main shock of earthquake excites a
circular surface wave, which having rounded the Earth returns to the epicenter
and stimulates a repeated earthquake (aftershock) 3 hours after the main shock.
Apparently, something similar happens on the Sun during a chromospheric flare.
We found signs of a small increase in flare brightness approximately one hour
after reaching maximum brightness. The phenomenon is explained by the fact that
the converging surface wave, which has returned to the epicenter after the
round-the-world trip, has a definite impact on the flare area. Keywords:
earthquake source, main shock, aftershock, chromospheric flare, circular
surface wave


  An underwater portable radio antenna operating in the 50 MHz band and
efficient for launching surface electromagnetic waves at the seawater/air
interface is presented. The antenna operation is based on the field enhancement
at the antenna tip and on an impedance matching antenna enclosure, which is
filled with de-ionized water. This enclosure allows us to reduce antenna
dimensions and improve the coupling of electromagnetic energy to the
surrounding salt water medium. Since surface wave propagation length far
exceeds the skin depth of conventional radio waves at the same frequency, this
technique is useful for broadband underwater wireless communication over
several meters distances.


  Multi-wavelength spectral energy distributions of Low Mass X-ray Binaries in
the hard state are determined by the emission from a jet, for frequencies up to
mid-infrared, and emission from the accretion flow in the optical to X-ray
range. In the last years, the flat radio-to-mid-IR spectra of Black Hole (BH)
X-ray binaries was described using the internal shocks model, which assumes
that the fluctuations in the velocity of the ejecta along the jet are driven by
the fluctuations in the accretion flow, described by the X-ray Power Density
Spectrum (PDS). In this work we attempt to apply this model for the first time
to a Neutron Star (NS) LMXB, i.e. 4U 0614+091. We used the multi-wavelength
data set obtained in 2006, comprising data from radio to X-ray, and applied a
model which includes an irradiated disc model for the accretion flow and an
updated version of the internal shocks code for the ejection. The new version
of the code allows to change the geometry of the jet for the case of
non-conical jets. Only two alternative scenarios provide a satisfactory
description of the data: using the X-ray PDS but in a non-conical geometry for
the jet, or either using a conical geometry but with a "flicker-noise" PDS.
Both scenarios would imply some differences with the results obtained with
similar models on BH X-ray binaries, shedding light on the possibility that
jets in NS and BH binaries might somehow have a different geometry or a
different coupling with the accretion flow.


  Numerically exact investigations of interacting spin systems provide a major
tool for an understanding of their magnetic properties. For medium size systems
the approximate Lanczos diagonalization is the most common method. In this
article we suggest two improvements: efficient basis coding in subspaces and
simple restructuring for openMP parallelization.


  Foot plantar pressure monitoring is an important tool for biomechanical
assessment of posture, foot complications due to callus formation and wounds
and for sports applications. The pronounced cost associated with commercial
plantar pressure monitoring systems and inflexibility of custom analyzing data
in such systems prompted the development of a versatile system with minimized
cost. This study focuses on the development of such a system with high speed
data acquisition providing analysis tools for assessing plantar pressure
variations of diabetic patients with calloused feet. The new system is capable
of achieving a frame rate of 155 Hz which is ideal for pressure monitoring
during both standing and walking. The system was verified using 10 normal
subjects and 5 diabetic subjects with calluses on in their feet. Results
indicate significantly high mechanical stresses on skin beneath callus and
postural disorders during standing, in subjects with calluses.


  The ATLAS and CMS collaborations recently reported a mild excess in the
diphoton final state pointing to a resonance with a mass of around 750 GeV and
a potentially large width. We consider the possibility of a scalar resonance
being produced via gluon fusion and decaying to electroweak gauge bosons, jets
and pairs of invisible particles, stable at collider scales. We compute limits
from monojet searches on such a resonance and test their compatibility with the
requirement for a large width. We also study whether the stable particle can be
a a dark matter candidate and investigate the corresponding relic density
constraints along with the collider limits. We show that monojet searches rule
out a large part of the available parameter space and point out scenarios where
a broad diphoton resonance can be reconciled with monojet constraints.


  We systematically study the non-Hermitian version of the one-dimensional
anisotropic XY model, which in its original form, is a unique exactly solvable
quantum spin model for understanding the quantum phase transition. The
distinguishing features of this model are that it has full real spectrum if all
the eigenvectors are intrinsic rotation-time reversal (RT) symmetric rather
than parity-time reversal (PT) symmetric, and that its Hermitian counterpart is
shown approximately to be an experimentally accessible system, an isotropic XY
spin chain with nearest neighbor coupling. Based on the exact solution,
exceptional points which separated the unbroken and broken symmetry regions are
obtained and lie on a hyperbola in the thermodynamic limit. It provides a nice
paradigm to elucidate the complex quantum mechanics theory for a quantum spin
system.


  A technique involving ^{55}Fe X-rays provides a straightforward method to
measure the response of a detector. The detector's response can lead directly
to a calculation of the conversion gain (e^- ADU^{-1}), as well as aid detector
design and performance studies. We calibrate the ^{55}Fe X-ray energy response
and pair production energy of HgCdTe using 8 HST WFC3 1.7 \micron flight grade
detectors. The results show that each K$\alpha$ X-ray generates 2273 \pm 137
electrons, which corresponds to a pair-production energy of 2.61 \pm 0.16 eV.
The uncertainties are dominated by our knowledge of the conversion gain. In
future studies, we plan to eliminate this uncertainty by directly measuring
conversion gain at very low light levels.


  Many recent advances in metal halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance
are attributed to surface treatments which passivate interfacial trap states,
minimise charge recombination and boost photovoltages. Surprisingly, these
photovoltages exceed the cells' built-in potentials, often with large energetic
offsets reported between the perovskite and transport layer semiconductor band
edges - contradicting standard photovoltaic design principles. Here we show
that this tolerance to energetic offsets results from mixed ionic/electronic
conduction in the perovskite layer. Combining drift-diffusion simulations with
experiments probing the current-voltage performance of PSCs as a function of
ion distribution, we demonstrate that electrostatic redistribution of ionic
charge reduces surface recombination currents at steady-state, increasing the
photovoltage by tens to hundreds of millivolts. Thus, mobile ions can reduce
the sensitivity of photovoltage to energetic misalignments at
perovskite/transport layer interfaces, benefitting overall efficiency. Building
on these insights, we show how photovoltaic design principles are modified to
account for mobile ions.


  Lattice-based cryptography (LBC) exploiting Learning with Errors (LWE)
problems is a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography. Number
theoretic transform (NTT) is the latency- and energy- dominant process in the
computation of LWE problems. This paper presents a compact and efficient
in-MEmory NTT accelerator, named MeNTT, which explores optimized computation in
and near a 6T SRAM array. Specifically-designed peripherals enable fast and
efficient modular operations. Moreover, a novel mapping strategy reduces the
data flow between NTT stages into a unique pattern, which greatly simplifies
the routing among processing units (i.e., SRAM column in this work), reducing
energy and area overheads. The accelerator achieves significant latency and
energy reductions over prior arts.


  An item of your personal information is inversely private if some party has
access to it but you do not. We analyze the provenance of inversely private
information and its rise to dominance over other kinds of personal information.
In a nutshell, the inverse privacy problem is unjustified inaccessibility to
you of your inversely private information. We argue that the inverse privacy
problem has a market-based solution.


  After recalling the definitions and the properties of the generic base
algebra and of the universal comodule algebra attached to a Hopf algebra by
Aljadeff and the second-named author, we determine these algebras for the Taft
algebras, the Hopf algebras E(n), and certain monomial Hopf algebras.


  In half-filled high Landau levels, two-dimensional electron systems possess
collective phases which exhibit a strongly anisotropic resistivity tensor. A
weak, but as yet unknown, rotational symmetry-breaking potential native to the
host semiconductor structure is necessary to orient these phases in macroscopic
samples. Making use of the known external symmetry-breaking effect of an
in-plane magnetic field, we find that the native potential can have two
orthogonal local minima. It is possible to initialize the system in the higher
minimum and then observe its relaxation toward equilibrium.


  Fast flavor conversions (FFCs) of neutrinos, which can occur in core-collapse
supernovae (CCSNe), are multiangle effects. They depend on the angular
distribution of the neutrino's electron lepton number (ELN). In this work, we
present a comprehensive study of the FFCs by solving the multienergy and
multiangle quantum kinetic equations with an extended set of collisional weak
processes based on a static and spherically symmetric CCSN matter background
profile. We investigate the emergence and evolution of FFCs in models featuring
different ELN angular distributions, considering scenarios with two and three
neutrino flavors. The spectrogram method is utilized to illustrate the
small-scale spatial structure, and we show that this structure of neutrino
flavor coherence and number densities in the nonlinear regime is qualitatively
consistent with the dispersion relation analysis. On the coarse-grained level,
we find that different asymptotic states can be achieved following the FFCs
depending on the locations and shapes of the ELN distributions, despite sharing
a common feature of the elimination of the ELN angular crossing. While
equilibration among different neutrino flavors may be achieved immediately
after the prompt FFCs, it is not a general outcome of the asymptotic state, as
subsequent feedback effects from collisional neutrino-matter interactions come
into play, particularly for cases where FFCs occur inside the neutrinosphere.
The impacts of FFCs and the feedback effect on the net neutrino heating rates,
the equilibrium electron fraction of CCSN matter, and the free-streaming
neutrino energy spectra are quantitatively assessed. Other aspects including
the impact of the vacuum term and the coexistence with other type of flavor
instabilities are also discussed.


  The Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect (SZ effect) is a complete probe of ionized
baryons, the majority of which are likely hiding in the intergalactic medium.
We ran a $512^3$ $\Lambda$CDM simulation using a moving mesh hydro code to
compute the statistics of the thermal and kinetic SZ effect such as the power
spectra and measures of non-Gaussianity. The thermal SZ power spectrum has a
very broad peak at multipole $l\sim 2000-10^4$ with temperature fluctuations
$\Delta T \sim 15\mu$K. The power spectrum is consistent with available
observations and suggests a high $\sigma_8\simeq 1.0$ and a possible role of
non-gravitational heating. The non-Gaussianity is significant and increases the
cosmic variance of the power spectrum by a factor of $\sim 5$ for $l<6000$.
  We explore optimal driftscan survey strategies for the AMIBA CMB
interferometer and their dependence on cosmology. For SZ power spectrum
estimation, we find that the optimal sky coverage for a 1000 hours of
integration time is several hundred square degrees. One achieves an accuracy
better than 40% in the SZ measurement of power spectrum and an accuracy better
than 20% in the cross correlation with Sloan galaxies for $2000<l<5000$. For
cluster searches, the optimal scan rate is around 280 hours per square degree
with a cluster detection rate 1 every 7 hours, allowing for a false positive
rate of 20% and better than 30% accuracy in the cluster SZ distribution
function measurement.


  In this paper, we analyze a Hegselmann-Krause opinion formation model with
time-variable time delay and prove that, if the influence function is always
positive, then there is exponential convergence to consensus without requiring
any smallness assumptions on the time delay function. The analysis is then
extended to a model with distributed time delay.


  We consider the thermodynamics of the Einstein-Power-Yang-Mills AdS black
holes in the context of the gauge-gravity duality. Under this framework, the
Newton's gravitational constant and the cosmological constant are varied in the
system. We rewrite the thermodynamical first law in a more extended form
containing both the pressure and the central charge of the dual conformal field
theory, i.e., the restricted phase transition formula. A novel phenomena
arises: the dual quantity of pressure is the effective volume, not the
geometric one. That is leading to a new behavior of the Van de Waals-like phase
transition for this system with the fixed central charge: the supercritical
phase transition. From the Ehrenfest's scheme perspective, we check out the
second-order phase transition of the EPYM AdS black hole. Furthermore the
effect of non-linear Yang-Mills parameter on these thermodynamical properties
is also investigated.


  For weighted $L^1$ space on the unit sphere of $\RR^{d+1}$, in which the
weight functions are invariant under finite reflection groups, a maximal
function is introduced and used to prove the almost everywhere convergence of
orthogonal expansions in $h$-harmonics. The result applies to various methods
of summability, including the de la Vall\'ee Poussin means and the Ces\`aro
means. Similar results are also established for weighted orthogonal expansions
on the unit ball and on the simplex of $\RR^d$.


  SmFeAsO and the isostructural superconducting SmFeAs(O0.93F0.07) samples were
prepared. Characterization by means of Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder
diffraction data, scanning electron microscope observation, transmission
electron microscope analysis, resistivity and magnetization measurements were
carried out. Sintering treatment strongly improves the grain connectivity, but,
on the other hand, induces a competition between the thermodynamic stability of
the oxy-pnictide and Sm2O3, hence worsening the purity of the sample. In the
pristine sample both magnetization and resistivity measurements clearly
indicate that two different sources of magnetism are present: the former
related to Fe ordering at 140 K and the latter due to the Sm ions that orders
antiferromagnetically at low temperature. The feature at 140 K disappears in
the F-substituted sample and, at low temperatures a superconducting transition
appears. The magnetoresistivity curves of the F-substituted sample probably
indicates very high critical field values.


  Transition risk can be defined as the business-risk related to the enactment
of green policies, aimed at driving the society towards a sustainable and
low-carbon economy. In particular, the value of certain firms' assets can be
lower because they need to transition to a less carbon-intensive business
model. In this paper we derive formulas for the pricing of defaultable coupon
bonds and Credit Default Swaps to empirically demonstrate that a jump-diffusion
credit risk model in which the downward jumps in the firm value are due to
tighter green laws can capture, at least partially, the transition risk. The
empirical investigation consists in the model calibration on the CDS
term-structure, performing a quantile regression to assess the relationship
between implied prices and a proxy of the transition risk. Additionally, we
show that a model without jumps lacks this property, confirming the jump-like
nature of the transition risk.


  The rate of mixing between a neutral kaon and an anti-kaon ($K^0-\bar{K}^0$)
is given, in part, by a long-range matrix element, defined with two insertions
of the weak Hamiltonian separated by physical, Minkowski time evolution. For
physical quark masses, the kaon mass lies above the two- and three-pion
thresholds and, as a result, this long-range matrix element receives
contributions from intermediate on-shell $2\pi$ and $3\pi$ states. These
contributions cannot easily be captured in a finite Euclidean spacetime,
meaning that such matrix elements are not directly accessible via lattice QCD.
In this talk, we present a strategy for combining quantities that can be
extracted in numerical lattice QCD calculations in order to reproduce the
physical, infinite-volume long-range amplitude for $K^0-\bar{K}^0$. The key
novelty relative to published work is that we fully include the effects of
three-particle states that were previously neglected. The strategy is built on
existing formalism for long-range matrix elements with two-particle
intermediate states, together with the relativistic-field-theory finite-volume
formalism for extracting three-hadron weak decays.


  We derive the quiver gauge theory on the world-volume of D3-branes transverse
to an L(a,b,c) singularity by computing the endomorphism algebra of a tilting
object first constructed by Van den Bergh. The quiver gauge theory can be
concisely specified by an embedding of a graph into a face-centered cubic
lattice. In this description, planar Seiberg dualities of the gauge theory act
by changing the graph embedding. We use this description of Seiberg duality to
show these quiver gauge theories possess periodic Seiberg dualities whose
existence was expected from the AdS/CFT correspondence.


  It is shown that Devaney Chaotic systems have plenty of large periodic
points.


  An integral formula for the solutions of Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (KZ) equation
with values in an arbitrary irreducible representation of the symmetric group
S_N is presented for integer values of the parameter. The corresponding
integrals can be computed effectively as certain iterated residues determined
by a given Young diagram and give polynomials with integer coefficients. The
derivation is based on Schur-Weyl duality and the results of Matsuo on the
original SU(n) KZ equation. The duality between the spaces of solutions with
parameters m and -m is discussed in relation with the intersection pairing in
the corresponding homology groups.


  The quadrotor is a $6$ degrees-of-freedom (DoF) system with underactuation.
Adding a spherical pendulum on top of a quadrotor further complicates the task
of achieving any output tracking while stabilizing the rest. In this report, we
present different types of controllers for the nonlinear dynamical system of
quadrotor and pendulum combination, utilizing feedback-linearization and
control Lyapunov function with quadratic programming (CLF-QP) approaches. We
demonstrated trajectory tracking for quadrotor-only case as well as
quadrotor-pendulum-combined case.


  We investigate the resurgence structure in quantum mechanical models
originating in 2d non-linear sigma models with emphasis on nearly
supersymmetric and quasi-exactly solvable parameter regimes. By expanding the
ground state energy in powers of a supersymmetry-breaking deformation parameter
$\delta \epsilon$, we derive exact results for the expansion coefficients. In
the class of models described by real multiplets, the ${\mathcal
O}(\delta\epsilon)$ ground state energy has a non-Borel summable asymptotic
series, which gives rise to imaginary ambiguities leading to rich resurgence
structure. We discuss the sine-Gordon quantum mechanics (QM) as an example and
show that the semiclassical contributions from complex multi-bion solutions
correctly reproduce the corresponding part in the exact result including the
imaginary ambiguities. As a typical model described by chiral multiplets, we
discuss the $\mathbb C P^{N-1}$ QM and show that the exact ${\mathcal O}(\delta
\epsilon)$ ground state energy can be completely reconstructed from the
semiclassical multi-bion contributions. Although the ${\mathcal O}(\delta
\epsilon)$ ground state energy has trivial resurgence structure, a simple but
rich resurgence structure appears at ${\mathcal O}(\delta \epsilon^{2})$. We
show the complete cancellation between the ${\mathcal O}(\delta \epsilon^{2})$
imaginary ambiguities arising from the non-Borel summable perturbation series
and those in the semiclassical contributions of $N-1$ complex bion solutions.
We also discuss the resurgence structure of a squashed ${\mathbb C}P^1$ QM.


  The notion of an adapted coordinate system, introduced by V.I.Arnol'd, plays
an important role in the study of asymptotic expansions of oscillatory
integrals. In two dimensions, A.N.Varchenko gave sufficient conditions for the
adaptness of a given coordinate system and proved the existence of an adapted
coordinate system for a class of analytic functions without multiple
components. Varchenko's proof is based on Hironaka's theorem on the resolution
of singularities.
  In this article, we present a new, elementary and concrete approach to these
results, which is based on the Puiseux series expansion of roots of the given
function. Our method applies to arbitrary real analytic functions, and even
extends to arbitrary smooth functions of finite type. Moreover, by avoiding
Hironaka's theorem, we can give necessary and sufficient conditions for the
adaptedness of a given coordinate system in the smooth, finite type setting.


  Parallel sentences are a relatively scarce but extremely useful resource for
many applications including cross-lingual retrieval and statistical machine
translation. This research explores our new methodologies for mining such data
from previously obtained comparable corpora. The task is highly practical since
non-parallel multilingual data exist in far greater quantities than parallel
corpora, but parallel sentences are a much more useful resource. Here we
propose a web crawling method for building subject-aligned comparable corpora
from e.g. Wikipedia dumps and Euronews web page. The improvements in machine
translation are shown on Polish-English language pair for various text domains.
We also tested another method of building parallel corpora based on comparable
corpora data. It lets automatically broad existing corpus of sentences from
subject of corpora based on analogies between them.


  This paper describes the conversion of a Hidden Markov Model into a finite
state transducer that closely approximates the behavior of the stochastic
model. In some cases the transducer is equivalent to the HMM. This conversion
is especially advantageous for part-of-speech tagging because the resulting
transducer can be composed with other transducers that encode correction rules
for the most frequent tagging errors. The speed of tagging is also improved.
The described methods have been implemented and successfully tested.


  We perform three-dimensional, Newtonian hydrodynamic simulations with a
nuclear equation of state to investigate the accretion dynamics in neutron star
black hole systems. We find as a general result that non-spinning donor stars
yield larger circularization radii than corotating donors. Therefore, the
matter from a neutron star without spin will more likely settle into an
accretion disk outside the Schwarzschild radius. With the used stiff equation
of state we find it hard to form an accretion disk that is promising to launch
a gamma-ray burst. In all relevant cases the core of the neutron star survives
and keeps orbiting the black hole as a mini neutron star for the rest of the
simulation time (up to several hundred dynamical neutron star times scales).
The existence of this mini neutron star leaves a clear imprint on the
gravitational wave signal which thus can be used to probe the physics at
supra-nuclear densities.


  With current efforts to design Future Internet Architectures (FIAs), the
evaluation and comparison of different proposals is an interesting research
challenge. Previously, metrics such as bandwidth or latency have commonly been
used to compare FIAs to IP networks. We suggest the use of power consumption as
a metric to compare FIAs. While low power consumption is an important goal in
its own right (as lower energy use translates to smaller environmental impact
as well as lower operating costs), power consumption can also serve as a proxy
for other metrics such as bandwidth and processor load.
  Lacking power consumption statistics about either commodity FIA routers or
widely deployed FIA testbeds, we propose models for power consumption of FIA
routers. Based on our models, we simulate scenarios for measuring power
consumption of content delivery in different FIAs. Specifically, we address two
questions: 1) which of the proposed FIA candidates achieves the lowest energy
footprint; and 2) which set of design choices yields a power-efficient network
architecture? Although the lack of real-world data makes numerous assumptions
necessary for our analysis, we explore the uncertainty of our calculations
through sensitivity analysis of input parameters.


  This research describes the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)
substrates based on colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by laser
ablation of silver granules in pure water that are inexpensive, easy to make,
and chemically stable. Here, the effects of the laser power, pulse repetition
frequency, and ablation duration on the Surface Plasmon Resonance peak of AgNPs
solutions, were used to determine the optimal parameters. Also, the effects of
the laser ablation time on both ablation efficiency and SERS enhancement were
studied. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer
and Raman spectrometer. The Surface Plasmon Resonance peak of AgNP solutions
was centered at 404 nm confirming their synthesis. Using Raman spectroscopy,
they had main bands centered at 196, 568, 824, 1060, 1312 cm-1, 1538 and 2350
cm-1. Their Raman spectral profiles remained constant within the first few days
of storage at room temperature implying chemical stability. The Raman signals
from blood were enhanced when mixed with AgNPs and this depended on colloidal
AgNPs concentration. Using those generated by 12 hrs ablation time, an
enhancement of 14.95 was achieved. Additionally, these substrates had an
insignificant impact on the Raman profiles of samples of rat blood when mixed
with them. The Raman peaks noted were 932, 1064, 1190, 1338, 1410, 1650 and
2122 cm-1. These SERS substrates can be applied to areas such as forensics,
monitoring of the efficacy of drugs, disease diagnostics and pathogen
detection. All this can be achieved by comparing the Raman spectra of the
biological samples mixed with the synthesized SERS substrates for different
samples. Thus, the results on the use of inexpensive, simple-to-prepare Raman
substrates have the possibility of making surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
available to laboratories with scarce resources in developing nations.


  The field of automatic image inpainting has progressed rapidly in recent
years, but no one has yet proposed a standard method of evaluating algorithms.
This absence is due to the problem's challenging nature: image-inpainting
algorithms strive for realism in the resulting images, but realism is a
subjective concept intrinsic to human perception. Existing objective
image-quality metrics provide a poor approximation of what humans consider more
or less realistic.
  To improve the situation and to better organize both prior and future
research in this field, we conducted a subjective comparison of nine
state-of-the-art inpainting algorithms and propose objective quality metrics
that exhibit high correlation with the results of our comparison.


  Using 355 pb^-1 of data collected by the CDF II detector in \ppbar collisions
at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron, we study the fully
reconstructed hadronic decays B -> D pi and B -> D pi pi pi. We present the
first measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(Bs -> Ds pi pi pi) /
B(Bd -> Dd pi pi pi) = 1.05 pm 0.10 (stat) pm 0.22 (syst). We also update our
measurement of B(Bs -> Ds pi) / B(Bd -> Dd pi) to 1.13 pm 0.08 (stat) pm 0.23
(syst) improving the statistical uncertainty by more than a factor of two. We
find B(Bs -> Ds pi) = [3.8 pm 0.3 (stat) pm 1.3 (syst)] \times 10^{-3} and B(Bs
-> Ds pi pi pi) = [8.4 pm 0.8 (stat) pm 3.2 (syst)] \times 10^{-3}.


  We study the equipotential surfaces around of a two particle system in 3-d
under a pairwise good potential as the one of Van der Waals. The level sets are
completely determined by the solutions of polynomials of at most fourth degree
that can be solved by standard algebraic methods. The distribution of real
positive roots determines the level sets and provides a complete description of
the map for the equipotential zones. Our methods can be generalized to a family
of polynomials with degree multiple of 2, 3, or 4. Numerical simulations of 2-d
and 3-d pictures depicting the true orbits and equipotential zones are
provided.


  YBa2Cu3O7-x/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 ferromagnetic/superconducting interfaces are
analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss
spectroscopy with monolayer resolution. We demonstrate that extensive charge
transfer occurs between the manganite and the superconductor, in a manner
similar to modulation-doped semiconductors, which explains the reduced critical
temperatures of heterostructures. This behavior is not seen with insulating
PrBa2Cu3O7 layers. Furthermore, we confirm directly that holes in the
YBa2Cu3O7-x are located on the CuO2 planes.


  In this paper, we study non-Newtonian fluids in a class of unbounded domains
with noncompact boundaries. With respect to the resulting mathematical
problems, we establish the global existence of solutions with arbitrary large
flux under some suitable conditions, and meanwhile, show the uniqueness of the
solutions when the flux is sufficiently small. Our results are an extension or
an improvement of those obtained in some previous references.


  It is an article of folklore that the collection of ideas identified as
Euclidean quantum gravity may be derived from ordinary Lorentzian signature
gravity by the procedure of Wick rotation. This note will attempt to shed some
light on this relatively ill-understood procedure. I argue that it proves
inappropriate and unhelpful to regard Wick rotation in terms of a complex
deformation of the time coordinate. Rather, Wick rotation can more usefully be
viewed as a complex deformation of the spacetime metric. This simple
reformulation of the Wick rotation procedure, while it leaves flat space
physics unaffected, has profound implications for quantum gravity.


  Diverse collective dynamics emerge in dynamical systems interacting on top of
complex network architectures. Along this line of research, temporal network
has come out to be one of the most promising network platforms to investigate.
Especially, such network with spatially moving agents has been established to
be capable of modelling a number of practical instances. In this paper, we
examine the dynamical outcomes of moving agents interacting based upon their
physical proximity. For this, we particularly emphasize on the impact of
competing interactions among the agents depending on their physical distance.
We specifically assume attractive coupling between agents which are staying
apart from each other, whereas we adopt repulsive interaction for agents that
are sufficiently close in space. With this set-up, we consider two types of
coupling configurations, symmetry-breaking and symmetry-preserving couplings.
We encounter variants of collective dynamics ranging from synchronization,
inhomogeneous small oscillation to cluster state and extreme events while
changing the attractive and repulsive coupling strengths. We have been able to
map all these dynamical behaviors in the coupling parameter space. Complete
synchronization being the most desired state in absence of repulsive coupling,
we present an analytical study for this scenario that agrees well with the
numerical results.


  The electronic properties of a triaxially strained hexagonal graphene flake
with either armchair or zig-zag edges are investigated using molecular dynamics
simulations and tight-binding calculations.
  We found that: i) the pseudo-magnetic field in the strained graphene flakes
is not uniform neither in the center nor at the edge of zig-zag terminated
flakes, ii) the pseudo-magnetic field is almost zero in the center of armchair
terminated flakes but increases dramatically near the edges, iii) the
pseudo-magnetic field increases linearly with strain, for strains lower than
15$%$ while growing non-linearly beyond this threshold, iv) the local density
of states in the center of the zig-zag hexagon exhibits pseudo-Landau levels
with broken sub-lattice symmetry in the zero'th pseudo-Landau level, and in
addition there is a shift in the Dirac cone due to strain induced scalar
potentials. This study provides a realistic model of the electronic properties
of inhomogeneously strained graphene where the relaxation of the atomic
positions is correctly included together with strain induced modifications of
the hopping terms up to next-nearest neighbors.


  In this thesis we provide a uniform treatment of two non-adiabatic geometric
phases for dynamical systems of mixed quantum states, namely those of Uhlmann
and of Sj\"{o}qvist et al. We develop a holonomy theory for the latter which we
also relate to the already existing theory for the former. This makes it clear
what the similarities and differences between the two geometric phases are. We
discuss and motivate constraints on the two phases. Furthermore, we discuss
some topological properties of the holonomy of `real' quantum systems, and we
introduce higher-order geometric phases for not necessarily cyclic dynamical
systems of mixed states. In a final chapter, we apply the theory developed for
the geometric phase of Sj\"{o}qvist et al. to geometric uncertainty relations,
including some new "quantum speed limits".


  The long time behavior of solutions to the defocusing modified Korteweg-de
vries (MKdV) equation is established for initial conditions in some weighted
Sobolev spaces. Our approach is based on the nonlinear steepest descent method
of Deift and Zhou and its reformulation by Dieng and McLaughlin through
$\overline{\partial}$-derivatives. To extend the asymptotics to solutions with
initial data in lower regularity spaces, we apply a global approximation via
PDE techniques.


  Global optimization of crystal compositions is a significant yet
computationally intensive method to identify stable structures within chemical
space. The specific physical properties linked to a three-dimensional atomic
arrangement make this an essential task in the development of new materials. We
present a method that efficiently uses active learning of neural network force
fields for structure relaxation, minimizing the required number of steps in the
process. This is achieved by neural network force fields equipped with
uncertainty estimation, which iteratively guide a pool of randomly generated
candidates towards their respective local minima. Using this approach, we are
able to effectively identify the most promising candidates for further
evaluation using density functional theory (DFT). Our method not only reliably
reduces computational costs by up to two orders of magnitude across the
benchmark systems Si16 , Na8Cl8 , Ga8As8 and Al4O6 , but also excels in finding
the most stable minimum for the unseen, more complex systems Si46 and Al16O24 .
Moreover, we demonstrate at the example of Si16 that our method can find
multiple relevant local minima while only adding minor computational effort.


  We obtain a central limit theorem for bulk counting statistics of free
fermions in smooth domains of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with an explicit description of
the covariance structure. This amounts to a study of the asymptotics of norms
of commutators between spectral projectors of semiclassical Schr\"odinger
operators and indicator functions supported in the bulk. In the spirit of the
Widom conjecture, we show that the squared Hilbert-Schmidt norm of these
commutators is of order $\hbar^{-n+1}\log(\hbar)$ as the semiclassical
parameter $\hbar$ tends to $0$. We also give a new upper bound on the trace
norm of these commutators and applications to estimations of the entanglement
entropy for free fermions.


  In this paper, we systematically study a class of essentially normal
operators by using the geometry method from the Cowen-Douglas theory and prove
a Brown-Douglas-Fillmore theorem in the Cowen-Douglas theory. More precisely,
the Chern polynomials and the second fundamental forms are the similarity
invariants (in the sense of Herrero) of this class of essentially normal
operators.


  We present numerical simulation results for the propagation of Alfv\'{e}n
waves in the charge starvation regime. This is the regime where the plasma
density is below the critical value required to supply the current for the
wave. We analyze a conservative scenario where Alfv\'{e}n waves pick up charges
from the region where the charge density exceeds the critical value and advect
them along at a high Lorentz factor. The system consisting of the Alfv\'{e}n
wave and charges being carried with it, which we call charge-carrying
Alfv\'{e}n wave (CC-AW), moves through a medium with small, but non-zero,
plasma density. We find that the interaction between CC-AW and the stationary
medium has a 2-stream like instability which leads to the emergence of a strong
electric field along the direction of the unperturbed magnetic field. The
growth rate of this instability is of order the plasma frequency of the medium
encountered by the CC-AW. Our numerical code follows the system for hundreds of
wave periods. The numerical calculations suggest that the final strength of the
electric field is of order a few percent of the Alfv\'{e}n wave amplitude.
Little radiation is produced by the sinusoidally oscillating currents
associated with the instability during the linear growth phase. However, in the
nonlinear phase, the fluctuating current density produces strong EM radiation
near the plasma frequency and limits the growth of the instability.


  We investigate the dynamical properties of low frequency quasi-periodic
oscillations (QPOs) observed from the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
during the early part of its 2018 outburst, when the system was in a bright
hard state. To this aim, we use a series of observations from the Hard X-ray
Modulation Telescope Insight-HXMT, and apply a wavelet decomposition (weighted
wavelet Z-transforms) to the X-ray light-curve. We find that the QPO phenomenon
is intermittent within each individual observation, with some sub-intervals
where the oscillation is strongly detected (high root-mean-square amplitude)
and others where it is weak or absent. The average life time of individual QPO
segments is ~ 5 oscillation cycles, with a 3 sigma tail up to ~ 20 cycles.
There is no substantial difference between the energy spectra during intervals
with strong and weak/absent QPOs. We discuss two possible reasons for the
intermittent QPO strength, within the precessing jet model previously proposed
for MAXI J1820+070. In the rigid precession model, intermittent QPOs are
predicted to occur with a coherence Q ~ a few when the disk alignment
time-scale is only a few times the precession time-scale. Alternatively, we
suggest that changes in oscillation amplitude can be caused by changes in the
jet speed. We discuss a possible reason for the intermittent QPO strength,
within the precessing jet model previously proposed for MAXI J1820+070: we
suggest that changes in oscillation amplitude are caused by changes in the jet
speed. We argue that a misaligned, precessing jet scenario is also consistent
with other recent observational findings that suggest an oscillation of the
Compton reflection component in phase with the QPOs.


  We have used terahertz (THz) magneto-optical spectroscopy to investigate the
cyclotron resonance in high mobility two-dimensional electron and hole systems.
Our experiments reveal long-lived (~20 ps) coherent oscillations in the
measured signal in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. The
cyclotron frequency extracted from the oscillations varies linearly with
magnetic field for a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), as expected. However,
we find that the complex non-parabolic valence band structure in a
two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) causes the cyclotron frequency and effective
mass to vary nonlinearly with the magnetic field, as verified by multiband
Landau level calculations. This is the first time that THz magneto-optical
spectroscopy has been used to study 2DHG, and we expect that these results will
motivate further studies of these unique 2D nanosystems.


  In feedback-controlled systems, an external agent -- the feedback controller
-- measures the state of the system and modifies its subsequent dynamics
depending on the outcome of the measurement. In this paper, we build a
Markovian description for the joint stochastic process that comprises both the
system and the controller variables. This Markovian description is valid for a
wide class of feedback-controlled systems, allowing for the inclusion of errors
in the measurement. The general framework is motivated and illustrated with the
paradigmatic example of the feedback flashing ratchet.


  Tensor networks are efficient factorisations of high-dimensional tensors into
a network of lower-order tensors. They have been most commonly used to model
entanglement in quantum many-body systems and more recently are witnessing
increased applications in supervised machine learning. In this work, we
formulate image segmentation in a supervised setting with tensor networks. The
key idea is to first lift the pixels in image patches to exponentially
high-dimensional feature spaces and using a linear decision hyper-plane to
classify the input pixels into foreground and background classes. The
high-dimensional linear model itself is approximated using the matrix product
state (MPS) tensor network. The MPS is weight-shared between the
non-overlapping image patches resulting in our strided tensor network model.
The performance of the proposed model is evaluated on three 2D- and one 3D-
biomedical imaging datasets. The performance of the proposed tensor network
segmentation model is compared with relevant baseline methods. In the 2D
experiments, the tensor network model yields competitive performance compared
to the baseline methods while being more resource efficient.


  The power conserving interconnection of port-thermodynamic systems via their
power ports results in another port-thermodynamic system, while the same holds
for the rate of entropy increasing interconnection via their entropy flow
ports. Control by interconnection of port-thermodynamic systems seeks to
control a plant port-thermodynamic system by the interconnection with a
controller port-thermodynamic system. The stability of the interconnected
port-thermodynamic system is investigated by Lyapunov functions based on
generating functions for the submanifold characterizing the state properties as
well as additional conserved quantities. Crucial tool is the use of canonical
point transformations on the symplectized thermodynamic phase space.


  To develop low-moment, low-damping metallic ferromagnets for power-efficient
spintronic devices, it is crucial to understand how magnetic relaxation is
impacted by the addition of nonmagnetic elements. Here, we compare magnetic
relaxation in epitaxial Fe films alloyed with light nonmagnetic elements of V
and Al. FeV alloys exhibit lower intrinsic damping compared to pure Fe, reduced
by nearly a factor of 2, whereas damping in FeAl alloys increases with Al
content. Our experimental and computational results indicate that reducing the
density of states at the Fermi level, rather than the average atomic number,
has a more significant impact in lowering damping in Fe alloyed with light
elements. Moreover, FeV is confirmed to exhibit an intrinsic Gilbert damping
parameter of $\simeq$0.001, among the lowest ever reported for ferromagnetic
metals.


  The Cauchy problem for the L^2-critical boson star equation with initial data
of low regularity in spatial dimension d=3 is studied. Local well-posedness in
H^s for s > 1/4 is proved. Moreover, for radial initial data, local
well-posedness is established in H^s for s > 0. Both results are shown to be
almost optimal by providing complementary ill-posedness results.


  Deep implicit functions (DIFs) have emerged as a potent and articulate means
of representing 3D shapes. However, methods modeling object categories or
non-rigid entities have mainly focused on single-object scenarios. In this
work, we propose MODIF, a multi-object deep implicit function that jointly
learns the deformation fields and instance-specific latent codes for multiple
objects at once. Our emphasis is on non-rigid, non-interpenetrating entities
such as organs. To effectively capture the interrelation between these entities
and ensure precise, collision-free representations, our approach facilitates
signaling between category-specific fields to adequately rectify shapes. We
also introduce novel inter-object supervision: an attraction-repulsion loss is
formulated to refine contact regions between objects. Our approach is
demonstrated on various medical benchmarks, involving modeling different groups
of intricate anatomical entities. Experimental results illustrate that our
model can proficiently learn the shape representation of each organ and their
relations to others, to the point that shapes missing from unseen instances can
be consistently recovered by our method. Finally, MODIF can also propagate
semantic information throughout the population via accurate point
correspondences


  Text style transfer (TST) without parallel data has achieved some practical
success. However, most of the existing unsupervised text style transfer methods
suffer from (i) requiring massive amounts of non-parallel data to guide
transferring different text styles. (ii) colossal performance degradation when
fine-tuning the model in new domains. In this work, we propose DAML-ATM (Domain
Adaptive Meta-Learning with Adversarial Transfer Model), which consists of two
parts: DAML and ATM. DAML is a domain adaptive meta-learning approach to learn
general knowledge in multiple heterogeneous source domains, capable of adapting
to new unseen domains with a small amount of data. Moreover, we propose a new
unsupervised TST approach Adversarial Transfer Model (ATM), composed of a
sequence-to-sequence pre-trained language model and uses adversarial style
training for better content preservation and style transfer. Results on
multi-domain datasets demonstrate that our approach generalizes well on unseen
low-resource domains, achieving state-of-the-art results against ten strong
baselines.


  We compute the large $N$ effective action of the $O(N+1)/O(N)$ non-linear
sigma model including the effect of the pion mass to order
$m^2_{\pi}/f_{\pi}^2$. This action is more complex than the one corresponding
to the chiral limit not only because of the pion propagators but also because
chiral symmetry produce new interactions proportional to $m^2_{\pi}/f_{\pi}^2$.
We renormalize the action by including the appropriate counter terms and find
the renormalization group equations for the corresponding couplings. Then we
estudy the unitarity propierties of the scattering amplitudes. Finally our
results are applied to the particular case of the linear sigma model and also
are used to fit the pion scattering phase shifts.


  Recent progress on deep learning has made it possible to automatically
transform the screenshot of Graphic User Interface (GUI) into code by using the
encoder-decoder framework. While the commonly adopted image encoder (e.g., CNN
network), might be capable of extracting image features to the desired level,
interpreting these abstract image features into hundreds of tokens of code puts
a particular challenge on the decoding power of the RNN-based code generator.
Considering the code used for describing GUI is usually hierarchically
structured, we propose a new attention-based hierarchical code generation
model, which can describe GUI images in a finer level of details, while also
being able to generate hierarchically structured code in consistency with the
hierarchical layout of the graphic elements in the GUI. Our model follows the
encoder-decoder framework, all the components of which can be trained jointly
in an end-to-end manner. The experimental results show that our method
outperforms other current state-of-the-art methods on both a publicly available
GUI-code dataset as well as a dataset established by our own.


  In this article, we prove that if $R\to S$ is a homomorphism of Noetherian
rings that splits, then for every $i\geq 0$ and ideal $I\subset R$, $\Ass_R
H^i_I(R)$ is finite when $\Ass_S H^i_{IS}(S)$ is finite. In addition, if $S$ is
a Cohen-Macaulay ring that is finitely generated as an $R$-module, such that
all the Bass numbers of $H^i_{IS}(S)$, as an $S$-module, are finite, then all
the Bass numbers of $H^i_{I}(R)$, as an $R$-module, are finite. Moreover, we
show these results for a larger class a functors introduced by Lyubeznik. As a
consequence, we exhibit a Gorenstein $F$-regular UFD of positive characteristic
that is not a direct summand, not even a pure subring, of any regular ring.


  Anomalous microwave emission (AME) is an important Galactic foreground of
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. It is believed that the AME arises
from rotational emission by spinning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in
the interstellar medium (ISM). In this paper, we assume that a population of
ultrasmall silicate grains may exist in the ISM, and quantify rotational
emissivity from these tiny particles and its polarization spectrum. We found
that spinning silicate nanoparticles can produce strong rotational emission
when those small grains follow a log-normal size distribution. The polarization
fraction of spinning dust emission from tiny silicates increases with
decreasing the dipole moment per atom ($\beta$) and can reach $P\sim 20\%$ for
$\beta\sim 0.1$D at grain temperature of 60 K. We identify a parameter space
$(\beta,Y_{Si})$ for silicate nanoparticles in which its rotational emission
can adequately reproduce both the observed AME and the polarization of the AME,
without violating the observational constraints by the ultraviolet extinction
and polarization of starlight. Our results reveal that rotational emission from
spinning silicate may be an important source of the AME.


  We present the first detailed case study using quadratic estimators (QE) to
diagnose and remove systematics present in observed Cosmic Microwave Background
(CMB) maps. In this work we focus on the temperature to polarization leakage.
We use an iterative QE analysis to remove systematics, in analogy to
de-lensing, recovering the primordial B-mode signal and the systematic maps. We
introduce a new Gaussian filtering scheme crucial to stable convergence of the
iterative cleaning procedure and validate with comparisons to semi-analytical
forecasts. We study the limitations of this method by examining its performance
both on idealized simulations and on more realistic, non-ideal simulations,
where we assume varying de-lensing efficiencies. Finally, we quantify the
systematic cleaning efficiency by presenting a likelihood analysis on the
tensor to scalar ratio, $r$, and demonstrate that the blind cleaning results in
an un-biased measurement of $r$, reducing the systematic induced B-mode power
by nearly two orders of magnitude.


  The European Spallation Source (ESS) accelerator is composed of
superconducting elliptical cavities. When the facility is running, the cavities
are fed with electrical field from klystrons. Parameters of this field are
monitored and controlled by the Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) system. Its
main goal is to keep the amplitude and phase at a given set-point. The LLRF
system is also responsible for the reference clock distribution.
  During machine operation the cavities are periodically experiencing strain
caused by the Lorentz force, appearing when the beam is passing through the
accelerating structures. Even small changes of the physical dimensions of the
cavity cause a shift of its resonance frequency. This phenomenon, called
detuning, causes significant power losses. It is actively compensated by the
LLRF control system, which can physically tune lengths of the accelerating
cavities with stepper motors (slow, coarse grained control) and piezoelements
(active compensation during operation state).
  The paper describes implementation and tests of the software supporting
various aspects of the LLRF system and cavities management. The Piezo Driver
management and monitoring tool is dedicated for piezo controller device. The LO
Distribution application is responsible for configuration of the local
oscillator. The Cavity Simulator tool was designed to provide access to
properties of the hardware device, emulating behaviour of elliptical cavities.
IPMI Manager software was implemented to monitor state of MicroTCA.4 crates,
which are major part of the LLRF system architecture. All applications have
been created using the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System
(EPICS) framework and built in ESS EPICS Environment (E3).


  One-loop electroweak corrections to the annihilation cross-sections of dark
matter in the Higgs resonance region of the inert doublet model (IDM) are
investigated. The procedure of how to implement the width of the Higgs in order
to regularise the amplitude both at tree-level and at one-loop together with
the renormalisation of a key parameter of the model, are thoroughly
scrutinised. The discussions go beyond the application to the relic density
calculation and also beyond the IDM so that addressing these technical issues
can help in a wider context. We look in particular at the dominant channels
with the $b \bar b$ final state and the more involved 3-body final state, $W f
\bar f^\prime$, where both a resonance and an anti-resonance, due to
interference effects, are present. We also discuss how to integrate over such
configurations when converting the cross-sections into a calculation of the
relic density.


  We investigate adiabatic expansion of a charged and rotating fluid element
consisting of weakly interacting particles, which is initially perturbed by an
external electromagnetic field. A framework for the perturbative calculation of
the non-equilibrium distribution function of this fluid volume is considered
and the distribution function is calculated to the first order in the
perturbative expansion. This distribution function, which describes the
evolution of the element with constant entropy, allows to calculate momentum
flux tensor and viscosity coefficients of the expanding system. We show, that
these viscosity coefficients depend on the initial angular velocity of the spot
and on the strength of its initial perturbation by the external field. Obtained
results are applied to the phenomenology of the viscosity to the entropy ratio
calculated in lattice models.


  This study demonstrates the stabilization of a sequential combustor with
Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Discharges (NRPD). A constant pressure
sequential combustor offers key advantages compared to a conventional
combustor, in particular, a higher fuel flexibility and a wider operational
range. However, thermoacoustic instabilities remain a barrier to further widen
the operational range of these combustors. Passive control strategies to
suppress these instabilities, such as Helmholtz dampers, have been used in some
industrial systems thanks to their simplicity in terms of implementation.
Active control strategies are however not found in practical combustors, mainly
due to the lack of robust actuators able to operate in harsh conditions with
sufficient control authority. In this study, we demonstrate that thermoacoustic
instabilities can be suppressed by using a non-equilibrium plasma produced with
NRPD in a lab-scale atmospheric sequential combustor operated at 73.4 kW of
thermal power. We employ continuous NRPD forcing to influence the combustion
process in the sequential combustor. The two governing parameters are the pulse
repetition frequency (PRF) and the plasma generator voltage. We examine the
effect of both parameters on the acoustic amplitude, the NO emissions, and the
flame centre of mass. We observe that for some operating conditions, with
plasma power of 1.1 W, which is about 1.5$\times$ $10^{-3}$ percent of the
thermal power of the flames, the combustor can be thermoacoustically
stabilized. This finding motivates further research on the optimization of the
plasma parameters as a function of the thermoacoustic properties of the
combustor where it is applied. This study is a pioneering effort in controlling
the thermoacoustic stability of turbulent flames with plasma discharges at such
low power compared to the thermal power of the sequential combustor.


  Thin films from the lanthanum vanadate nanoparticles were successfully grown
by pulsed laser deposition method on glass and silicon substrates for the first
time. Morphology and thickness of the films depend on a type of substrate and a
number of pulses. The films are of 27 to 220 nm thickness and formed by very
small particles up to 20 nm and also can contain single nanoparticles with
dimensions 40 to 60 nm and sometimes agglomerates of nanoparticles. Spectral
properties of the samples have been investigated and discussed. The vanadate
films deposited on the silicon substrates lead to appearance of antireflection
properties in the visible range. Luminescence spectra of the investigated films
consist of narrow lines caused by f-f transitions in the europium ions. For the
samples on glass substrates the wide bands of glass emission are also
contributed to the spectra. The optimal experimental conditions those allowed
to obtain films promising for applications as luminescent converters are
considered.


  Di-hadronic molecules such as di-meson, meson-baryon and di-baryon states are
studied in the relativistic confinement model. We have computed the binding
energy of the di-hadronic systems like $K-N$, $\Pi-N$, $\rho-N$ etc., as
penta-quark states, 2$\pi$, $\rho-\rho$, $K-K^*$, $K^*-K^*$, $D-D^*$ etc. as
tetra-quark states and $N-N$, $N-\Delta$, $\Delta-\Delta$ etc. as di-baryonic
states using a molecular interaction provided by asymptotic expression of the
confined gluon exchange potential. We find the lowest penta-quark state lies in
the energy range of 1.180 - 2.247 GeV as predicted by other theoretical models.
The exotic states such as $f0 (0.982)$, $h1 (1.170)$, $f0 (1.70)$, $f2
(1.565)$, $f2 (1.95)$, $\psi(4.040)$ etc. are identified as the di-mesonic
hadron molecules. The low-lying di-baryon molecular states found to be in the
range of 1.990-2.907 GeV with their binding energies lying between 112-120 MeV.


  In this paper, we propose and analyze a spectrum sensing method based on
cyclostationarity specifically targeted for receivers with multiple antennas.
This detection method is used for determining the presence or absence of
primary users in cognitive radio networks based on the eigenvalues of the
cyclic covariance matrix of received signals. In particular, the cyclic
correlation significance test is used to detect a specific signal-of-interest
by exploiting knowledge of its cyclic frequencies. Analytical expressions for
the probability of detection and probability of false-alarm under both
spatially uncorrelated or spatially correlated noise are derived and verified
by simulation. The detection performance in a Rayleigh flat-fading environment
is found and verified through simulations. One of the advantages of the
proposed method is that the detection threshold is shown to be independent of
both the number of samples and the noise covariance, effectively eliminating
the dependence on accurate noise estimation. The proposed method is also shown
to provide higher detection probability and better robustness to noise
uncertainty than existing multiple-antenna cyclostationary-based spectrum
sensing algorithms under both AWGN as well as a quasi-static Rayleigh fading
channel.


  In this paper, we present the foundations of Summability Calculus, which
places various established results in number theory, infinitesimal calculus,
summability theory, asymptotic analysis, information theory, and the calculus
of finite differences under a single simple umbrella. Using Summability
Calculus, any given finite sum of the form $f(n) = \sum_{k=a}^n s_k\, g(k,n)$,
where $s_k$ is an arbitrary periodic sequence, becomes immediately \emph{in
analytic form}. Not only can we differentiate and integrate with respect to the
bound $n$ without having to rely on an explicit analytic formula for the finite
sum, but we can also deduce asymptotic expansions, accelerate convergence,
assign natural values to divergent sums, and evaluate the finite sum for any
$n\in\mathbb{C}$. This follows because the discrete definition of the simple
finite sum $f(n) = \sum_{k=a}^n s_k\, g(k,n)$ embodies a \emph{unique natural}
definition for all $n\in\mathbb{C}$. Throughout the paper, many established
results are strengthened such as the Bohr-Mollerup theorem, Stirling's
approximation, Glaisher's approximation, and the Shannon-Nyquist sampling
theorem. In addition, many celebrated theorems are extended and generalized
such as the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula and Boole's summation formula.
Finally, we show that countless identities that have been proved throughout the
past 300 years by different mathematicians using different approaches can
actually be derived in an elementary straightforward manner using the rules of
Summability Calculus.


  Spin qubits defined by valence band hole states comprise an attractive
candidate for quantum information processing due to their inherent coupling to
electric fields enabling fast and scalable qubit control. In particular, heavy
holes in germanium have shown great promise, with recent demonstrations of fast
and high-fidelity qubit operations. However, the mechanisms and anisotropies
that underlie qubit driving and decoherence are still mostly unclear. Here, we
report on the highly anisotropic heavy-hole $g$-tensor and its dependence on
electric fields, allowing us to relate both qubit driving and decoherence to an
electric modulation of the $g$-tensor. We also confirm the predicted Ising-type
hyperfine interaction but show that qubit coherence is ultimately limited by
$1/f$ charge noise. Finally, we operate the qubit at low magnetic field and
measure a dephasing time of $T_2^*=9.2$ ${\mu}$s, while maintaining a
single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.94 %, that remains well above 99 % at an
operation temperature T>1 K. This understanding of qubit driving and
decoherence mechanisms are key for the design and operation of scalable and
highly coherent hole qubit arrays.


  We pursue transfer learning to improve classifier accuracy on a target task
with few labeled examples available for training. Recent work suggests that
using a source task to learn a prior distribution over neural net weights, not
just an initialization, can boost target task performance. In this study, we
carefully compare transfer learning with and without source task informed
priors across 5 datasets. We find that standard transfer learning informed by
an initialization only performs far better than reported in previous
comparisons. The relative gains of methods using informative priors over
standard transfer learning vary in magnitude across datasets. For the scenario
of 5-300 examples per class, we find negative or negligible gains on 2
datasets, modest gains (between 1.5-3 points of accuracy) on 2 other datasets,
and substantial gains (>8 points) on one dataset. Among methods using
informative priors, we find that an isotropic covariance appears competitive
with learned low-rank covariance matrix while being substantially simpler to
understand and tune. Further analysis suggests that the mechanistic
justification for informed priors -- hypothesized improved alignment between
train and test loss landscapes -- is not consistently supported due to high
variability in empirical landscapes. We release code to allow independent
reproduction of all experiments.


  The Landau level mixing is the key in understanding the mysterious $5/2$
fractional quantum Hall effect in GaAs quantum well. Theoretical calculations
with and without Landau level mixing show striking differences. However, the
way to deal with the considerable strong Landau level mixing in GaAs is still
unsatisfactory. We develop a method combining the screening and the
perturbation theories to study the nature of the $5/2$ fractional quantum Hall
effect in GaAs efficiently. The screening which has been succeed in explaining
ZnO systems integrates out the low-energy Landau levels close to the related
Landau level, while the other high-energy Landau levels are integrated out by
the perturbation theory. We find that the ground states still hold the
quasi-triplet degeneracy which implies the Pfaffian nature of the system.
Furthermore, the particle-hole symmetry is only weakly violated since the
particle-hole parity is close to unity. We propose that the ground state in the
finite-size calculations can be approximated as a variational superposition of
the Pfaffian and anit-Pfaffian states. In the experimental environment the
symmetrized Pfaffian component is dominant, corresponding a thermal conductance
around $2.5$ quanta can be understood consequently.


  We provide a flexible framework for selecting among a class of additive
partial linear models that allows both linear and nonlinear additive
components. In practice, it is challenging to determine which additive
components should be excluded from the model while simultaneously determining
whether nonzero additive components should be represented as linear or
non-linear components in the final model. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian
model selection method that is facilitated by a carefully specified class of
models, including the choice of a prior distribution and the nonparametric
model used for the nonlinear additive components. We employ a series of latent
variables that determine the effect of each variable among the three
possibilities (no effect, linear effect, and nonlinear effect) and that
simultaneously determine the knots of each spline for a suitable penalization
of smooth functions. The use of a pseudo-prior distribution along with a
collapsing scheme enables us to deploy well-behaved Markov chain Monte Carlo
samplers, both for model selection and for fitting the preferred model. Our
method and algorithm are deployed on a suite of numerical studies and are
applied to a nutritional epidemiology study. The numerical results show that
the proposed methodology outperforms previously available methods in terms of
effective sample sizes of the Markov chain samplers and the overall
misclassification rates.


  Given a velocity field $u(x,t)$, we consider the evolution of a passive
tracer $\theta$ governed by $\partial_t\theta + u\cdot\nabla\theta =
\Delta\theta + g$ with time-independent source $g(x)$. When $\|u\|$ is small in
some sense, Batchelor, Howells and Townsend (1959, J.\ Fluid Mech.\ 5:134;
henceforth BHT) predicted that the tracer spectrum scales as
$|\theta_k|^2\propto|k|^{-4}|u_k|^2$. Following our recent work for the
two-dimensional case, in this paper we prove that the BHT scaling does hold
probabilistically, asymptotically for large wavenumbers and for small enough
random synthetic three-dimensional incompressible velocity fields $u(x,t)$. We
also relaxed some assumptions on the velocity and tracer source, allowing
finite variances for both and full power spectrum for the latter.


  In this paper we compute the decay rates of massless scalar waves excited by
a star circularly orbiting around the non-extremal (general) and extremal BTZ
black holes. These decay rates are compared with the corresponding quantities
computed in the corresponding dual conformal field theories respectively. We
find that matches are achieved in both cases.


  We present a fast algorithm for computing the diffracted field from arbitrary
binary (sharp-edged) planar apertures and occulters in the scalar Fresnel
approximation, for up to moderately high Fresnel numbers ($\lesssim 10^3$). It
uses a high-order areal quadrature over the aperture, then exploits a single 2D
nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) to evaluate rapidly at target points
(of order $10^7$ such points per second, independent of aperture complexity).
It thus combines the high accuracy of edge integral methods with the high speed
of Fourier methods. Its cost is ${\mathcal O}(n^2 \log n)$, where $n$ is the
linear resolution required in source and target planes, to be compared with
${\mathcal O}(n^3)$ for edge integral methods. In tests with several aperture
shapes, this translates to between 2 and 5 orders of magnitude acceleration. In
starshade modeling for exoplanet astronomy, we find that it is roughly $10^4
\times$ faster than the state of the art in accurately computing the set of
telescope pupil wavefronts. We provide a documented, tested MATLAB/Octave
implementation.
  An appendix shows the mathematical equivalence of the boundary diffraction
wave, angular integration, and line integral formulae, then analyzes a new
non-singular reformulation that eliminates their common difficulties near the
geometric shadow edge. This supplies a robust edge integral reference against
which to validate the main proposal.


  A semi-measure is a generalization of a probability measure obtained by
relaxing the additivity requirement to super-additivity. We introduce and study
several randomness notions for left-c.e. semi-measures, a natural class of
effectively approximable semi-measures induced by Turing functionals. Among the
randomness notions we consider, the generalization of weak 2-randomness to
left-c.e. semi-measures is the most compelling, as it best reflects
Martin-L\"of randomness with respect to a computable measure. Additionally, we
analyze a question of Shen, a positive answer to which would also have yielded
a reasonable randomness notion for left-c.e. semi-measures. Unfortunately
though, we find a negative answer, except for some special cases.


  Motivation: The pan-genome can be stored as elastic-degenerate (ED) string, a
recently introduced compact representation of multiple overlapping sequences.
However, a search over the ED string does not indicate which individuals (if
any) match the entire query.
  Results: We augment the ED string with sources (individuals' indexes) and
propose an extension of the SOPanG (Shift-Or for Pan-Genome) tool to report
only true positive matches, omitting those not occurring in any of the
haplotypes. The additional stage for checking the matches yields a penalty of
less than 3.5% relative speed in practice, which means that SOPanG 2 is able to
report pattern matches in a pan-genome, mapping them onto individuals, at the
single-thread throughput of above 430 MB/s on real data.
  Availability and implementation: SOPanG 2 can be downloaded here:
github.com/MrAlexSee/sopang


  We study the effect of a boost (Fermi sea displaced by a finite momentum) on
one dimensional systems of lattice fermions with short-ranged interactions. In
the absence of a boost such systems with attractive interactions possess
algebraic superconducting order. Motivated by physics in higher dimensions, one
might naively expect a boost to weaken and ultimately destroy
superconductivity. However, we show that for one dimensional systems the effect
of the boost can be to strengthen the algebraic superconducting order by making
correlation functions fall off more slowly with distance. This phenomenon can
manifest in interesting ways, for example, a boost can produce a Luther- Emery
phase in a system with both charge and spin gaps by engendering the destruction
of the former.


  We examine the prospects for detecting light charged higgsinos that are
expected to be a necessary feature of natural SUSY models via $pp\to
{\widetilde W}^\pm{\widetilde W}_1^\pm jj+X$ processes arising dominantly from
$W^\pm W^\pm$ fusion at LHC13. The signal will be a pair of same-sign leptons
($e$ or $\mu$) in events with two relatively forward, hemispherically-separated
jets with a large rapidity gap. We find that even though the higgsinos have a
full-strength $SU(2)$ gauge couplings to $W$-bosons, the LHC13 cross section
for the production of same sign higgsino pairs is smaller than 0.02 fb over
most of the interesting range of natural SUSY parameters, even before leptonic
branching fractions of the chargino are included. This cross section is
strongly suppressed because the two neutral Majorana higgsinos can be combined
into a single Dirac neutralino if the bino and the winos are much heavier than
the higgsinos, as is the case in natural SUSY models: in this limit, higgsino
couplings to $W$-bosons exhibit an emergent (approximate) $U(1)_{\rm ino}$
global symmetry that suppresses same sign higgsino production by vector boson
fusion. We conclude that this channel is not a viable way to search for natural
SUSY even at the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider.


  The excitation of THz radiation by the interaction of an ultra short laser
pulse with the modes of a miniature corrugated plasma waveguide is considered.
The axially corrugated waveguide supports the electromagnetic (EM) modes with
appropriate polarization and subluminal phase velocities that can be phase
matched to the ponderomotive potential associated with laser pulse, making
significant THz generation possible. This process is studied via full format
Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations that, for the first time, model the
nonlinear dynamics of the plasma and the self-consistent evolution of the laser
pulse in the case where the laser pulse energy is entirely depleted. It is
found that the generated THz is characterized by lateral emission from the
channel, with a spectrum that may be narrow or broad depending on the laser
intensity. A range of realistic laser pulse and plasma parameters is considered
with the goal of maximizing the conversion efficiency of optical energy to THz
radiation. As an example, a fixed drive pulse (0.55 J) with a spot size of 15
$\mu m$ and duration of 15 $fs$ produces 37.8 mJ of THz radiation in a 1.5 cm
corrugated plasma waveguide with an on axis average density of
$1.4\times10^{18} cm^{-3}$.


  A graph is outerplanar if it can be embedded in a plane such that all
vertices lie on its outer face. The outerplanar Tur\'{a}n number of a given
graph $H$, denoted by ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{OP}}(n,H)$, is the maximum number of
edges over all outerplanar graphs on $n$ vertices which do not contain a copy
of $H$. In this paper, the outerplanar Tur\'{a}n numbers of cycles and paths
are completely determined.


  We describe a formalism for studying spherically symmetric collapse of the
massless scalar field in any spacetime dimension, and for any value of the
cosmological constant $\Lambda$. The formalism is used for numerical
simulations of gravitational collapse in four spacetime dimensions with
negative $\Lambda$. We observe critical behaviour at the onset of black hole
formation, and find that the critical exponent is independent of $\Lambda$.


  Even though Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely celebrated for their
practical performance, they possess many intriguing properties related to depth
that are difficult to explain both theoretically and intuitively. Understanding
how weights in deep networks coordinate together across layers to form useful
learners has proven challenging, in part because the repeated composition of
nonlinearities has proved intractable. This paper presents a reparameterization
of DNNs as a linear function of a feature map that is locally independent of
the weights. This feature map transforms depth-dependencies into simple tensor
products and maps each input to a discrete subset of the feature space. Then,
using a max-margin assumption, the paper develops a sample compression
representation of the neural network in terms of the discrete activation state
of neurons induced by s ``support vectors". The paper shows that the number of
support vectors s relates with learning guarantees for neural networks through
sample compression bounds, yielding a sample complexity of O(ns/epsilon) for
networks with n neurons. Finally, the number of support vectors s is found to
monotonically increase with width and label noise but decrease with depth.


  In this work we propose a parton state as a candidate state to describe the
fractional quantum Hall effect in the half-filled second Landau level. The wave
function for this parton state is $\mathcal{P}_{\rm LLL}
\Phi_{1}^3[\Phi_{2}^{*}]^{2}\sim\Psi^{2}_{2/3}/\Phi_{1}$ and in the spherical
geometry it occurs at the same flux as the anti-Pfaffian state. This state has
a good overlap with the anti-Pfaffian state and with the ground state obtained
by exact diagonalization, using the second Landau level Coulomb interaction
pseudopotentials for an ordinary semiconductor such as GaAs. By calculating the
entanglement spectrum we show that this state lies in the same phase as the
anti-Pfaffian state. A major advantage of this parton state is that its wave
function can be evaluated for large systems, which makes it amenable to
variational calculations. In the appendix of this work we have numerically
assessed the validity of another candidate state at filling factor $\nu=5/2$,
namely the particle-hole-symmetric Pfaffian (PH-Pfaffian) state. We find that
the proposed candidate wave function for the PH-Pfaffian state is particle-hole
symmetric to a high degree but it does not appear to arise as the ground state
of any simple Hamiltonian with two-body interactions.


  We explain a strategy for a proof of the positivity of all coefficients of
Kazhdan-Lusztig-polynomials for arbitrary Coxeter groups by constructing spaces
whose dimensions we conjecture to be these coefficients.


  We explore and compare three approximate schemes allowing simple
implementation of complex density functionals by making use of selfconsistent
implementation of simpler functionals: (i) post-LDA evaluation of complex
functionals at the LDA densities (or those of other simple functionals); (ii)
application of a global scaling factor to the potential of the simple
functional; and (iii) application of a local scaling factor to that potential.
Option (i) is a common choice in density-functional calculations. Option (ii)
was recently proposed by Cafiero and Gonzalez. We here put their proposal on a
more rigorous basis, by deriving it, and explaining why it works, directly from
the theorems of density-functional theory. Option (iii) is proposed here for
the first time. We provide detailed comparisons of the three approaches among
each other and with fully selfconsistent implementations for Hartree,
local-density, generalized-gradient, self-interaction corrected, and
meta-generalized-gradient approximations, for atoms, ions, quantum wells and
model Hamiltonians. Scaled approaches turn out to be, on average, better than
post-approaches, and unlike these also provide corrections to eigenvalues and
orbitals. Scaled selfconsistency thus opens the possibility of efficient and
reliable implementation of density functionals of hitherto unprecedented
complexity.


  This study proposes improved chain-ratio type estimator for estimating
population mean using some known values of population parameter(s) of the
second auxiliary character. The proposed estimators have been compared with
two-phase ratio estimator and some other chain type estimators. The
performances of the proposed estimators have been supposed with a numerical
illustration.


  The intensity of scintillation light emission from liquid xenon at room
temperature was measured. The scintillation light yield at 1 deg. was measured
to be 0.64 +/- 0.02 (stat.) +/- 0.06 (sys.) of that at -100 deg. Using the
reported light yield at -100 deg. (46 photons/keV), the measured light yield at
1 deg. corresponds to 29 photons/keV. This result shows that liquid xenon
scintillator gives high light yield even at room temperature.


  Though voting-based consensus algorithms in Blockchain outperform proof-based
ones in energy- and transaction-efficiency, they are prone to incur wrong
elections and bribery elections. The former originates from the uncertainties
of candidates' capability and availability; and the latter comes from the
egoism of voters and candidates. Hence, in this paper, we propose an
uncertainty- and collusion-proof voting consensus mechanism, including the
selection pressure-based voting consensus algorithm and the trustworthiness
evaluation algorithm. The first algorithm can decrease the side effects of
candidates' uncertainties, lowering wrong elections while trading off the
balance between efficiency and fairness in electing miners. The second
algorithm adopts an incentive compatible scoring rule to evaluate the
trustworthiness of voting, motivating voters to report true beliefs on
candidates by making egoism in consistent with altruism so as to avoid bribery
elections. A salient feature of our work is theoretically analyzing the
proposed voting consensus mechanism by the large deviation theory. Our analysis
provides not only the voting failure rate of a candidate but also its decay
speed, based on which the concepts of {\it the effective selection valve} and
{\it the effective expectation of merit} are introduced to help the system
designer to determine the optimal voting standard and guide a candidate to
behave in an optimal way for lowering the voting failure rate.