  Modern computer systems are awash in a sea of asynchronous events. There is
an increasing need for a declarative language that can permit business users to
specify complex event-processing rules. Such rules should be able to correlate
different event streams, detect absence of events (negative information),
permit aggregations over sliding windows, specify dependent sliding windows
etc. For instance it should be possible to precisely state a rule such as
"Every seventh trading session that DowJones has risen consecutively, and IBM's
stock is off 3% over its average in this period, evaluate IBM position",
"Declare the sensor as faulty if no reading has been received for 500 ms", etc.
Further, the language should be implementable efficiently in an event-driven
fashion.
  We propose the Timed (Default) Concurrent Constraint, TCC, programming
framework as a foundation for such complex event processing. While very rich,
the TCC framework "forgets" information from one instant to the next. We make
two extensions. First, we extend the TCC model to carry the store from previous
time instants as "past" information in the current time instant. This permits
rules to to be written with rich queries over the past. Second, we show that
many of the powerful properties of the agent language can be folded into the
query language by permitting agents and queries to be defined mutually
recursively, building on the testing interpretation of intuitionistic logic
described in RCC \cite{radha-fsttcs05}. We show that this permits queries to
move "back and forth" in the past, e.g.{} "Order a review if the last time that
IBM stock price dropped by 10% in a day, there was more than 20% increase in
trading volume for Oracle the following day."
  We provide a formal semantics for TCC + Histories and establish some basic
properties.


  Let $p:X\longrightarrow M$ be a Riemann domain over a connected
$n$-dimensional complex submanifold $M$ of $\mathbb C^N$ and let $\mathcal
F\subset\mathcal O(X)$ be such that $p\in\mathcal F^N$. Our aim is to discuss
relations between the $\mathcal F$-envelope of holomorphy of $(X,p)$ in the
sense of Riemann domains over $M$ and the $\mathcal F$-envelope of holomorphy
of $X$ in the sense of complex manifolds.


  The digital record of the voltage in a radio telescope receiver, after
frequency conversion and sampling at a finite rate, is not a perfect
representation of the original analog signal. To detect and characterise a
transient event with a duration comparable to the inverse bandwidth it is
necessary to compensate for these effects, which modifies the statistics of the
signal, making it difficult to determine the significance of a potential
detection. We present an analysis of these modified statistics and demonstrate
them with experimental results from Bedlam, a new digital backend for the
Parkes radio telescope.


  We present the detection of rotationally modulated, circularly polarized
radio emission from the T8 brown dwarf WISE J062309.94-045624.6 between 0.9 and
2.0 GHz. We detected this high proper motion ultracool dwarf with the
Australian SKA Pathfinder in $1.36$ GHz imaging data from the Rapid ASKAP
Continuum Survey. We observed WISE J062309.94-045624.6 to have a time and
frequency averaged Stokes I flux density of $4.17\pm0.41$ mJy beam$^{-1}$, with
an absolute circular polarization fraction of $66.3\pm9.0\%$, and calculated a
specific radio luminosity of $L_{\nu}\sim10^{14.8}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$. In
follow-up observations with the Australian Telescope Compact Array and MeerKAT
we identified a multi-peaked pulse structure, used dynamic spectra to place a
lower limit of $B>0.71$ kG on the dwarf's magnetic field, and measured a
$P=1.912\pm0.005$ h periodicity which we concluded to be due to rotational
modulation. The luminosity and period we measured are comparable to those of
other ultracool dwarfs observed at radio wavelengths. This implies that future
megahertz to gigahertz surveys, with increased cadence and improved
sensitivity, are likely to detect similar or later-type dwarfs. Our detection
of WISE J062309.94-045624.6 makes this dwarf the coolest and latest-type star
observed to produce radio emission.


  Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for a system of monomers on
square lattices that, by decreasing temperature or increasing density,
polymerize reversibly into chains with two allowed directions and, at the same
time, undergo a continuous isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition. The results show
that the self-assembly process affects the nature of the transition. Thus, the
determination of the critical exponents indicates that the universality class
of the I-N transition changes from two-dimensional Ising-type for monodisperse
rods without self-assembly to q=1 Potts-type for self-assembled rods.


  While egocentric video is becoming increasingly popular, browsing it is very
difficult. In this paper we present a compact 3D Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) architecture for long-term activity recognition in egocentric videos.
Recognizing long-term activities enables us to temporally segment (index) long
and unstructured egocentric videos. Existing methods for this task are based on
hand tuned features derived from visible objects, location of hands, as well as
optical flow.
  Given a sparse optical flow volume as input, our CNN classifies the camera
wearer's activity. We obtain classification accuracy of 89%, which outperforms
the current state-of-the-art by 19%. Additional evaluation is performed on an
extended egocentric video dataset, classifying twice the amount of categories
than current state-of-the-art. Furthermore, our CNN is able to recognize
whether a video is egocentric or not with 99.2% accuracy, up by 24% from
current state-of-the-art. To better understand what the network actually
learns, we propose a novel visualization of CNN kernels as flow fields.


  Radiation from stars and AGN plays an important role in galaxy formation and
evolution, and profoundly transforms the IGM, CGM & ISM. On-the-fly RT has
started being incorporated in cosmological simulations, but the complex,
evolving radiation spectra are often crudely approximated with a small number
of broad bands with piece-wise constant intensity and a fixed photo-ionisation
cross-section. Such a treatment is unable to capture the changes to the
spectrum as light is absorbed while it propagates through a medium with
non-zero opacity. This can lead to large errors in photo-ionisation and heating
rates. We present a novel approach of discretising the radiation field in
narrow bands, located at the edges of the typically used bands, in order to
capture the power-law slope of the radiation field. In combination with
power-law approximations for the photo-ionisation cross-sections, this model
allows us to self-consistently combine radiation from sources with different
spectra and accurately follow the ionisation states of primordial and metal
species through time. The method is implemented in Gasoline2 in connection with
Trevr2. We compare our new piece-wise power-law reconstruction to the
piece-wise constant method in calculating the primordial chemistry
photo-ionisation and heating rates under an evolving UVB and stellar spectrum,
and find that our method reduces errors significantly, up to two orders of
magnitude in the case of HeII ionisation. We apply our new spectral
reconstruction method in RT post-processing of a cosmological zoom-in
simulation, including radiation from stars and a live UVB, and find a
significant increase in total neutral hydrogen mass in the ISM and the CGM due
to shielding of the UVB and a low escape fraction of the stellar radiation.
This demonstrates the importance of RT and an accurate spectral approximation
in simulating the CGM-galaxy ecosystem.


  We consider a dynamic capillarity equation with stochastic forcing on a
compact Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$. \begin{equation*}\tag{P}
  d \left(u_{\varepsilon,\delta}-\delta \Delta
  u_{\varepsilon,\delta}\right)
  +\operatorname{div} f_{\varepsilon}(x, u_{\varepsilon,\delta})\, dt
  =\varepsilon \Delta u_{\varepsilon,\delta}\, dt
  \Phi(x, u_{\varepsilon,\delta})\, dW_t, \end{equation*} where
$f_{\varepsilon}$ is a sequence of smooth vector fields converging in
$L^p(M\times \Bbb{R})$ ($p>2$) as $\varepsilon\downarrow 0$ towards a vector
field $f\in L^p(M;C^1(\Bbb{R}))$, and $W_t$ is a Wiener process defined on a
filtered probability space. First, for fixed values of $\varepsilon$ and
$\delta$, we establish the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the
Cauchy problem for (P). Assuming that $f$ is non-degenerate and that
$\varepsilon$ and $\delta$ tend to zero with $\delta/\varepsilon^2$ bounded, we
show that there exists a subsequence of solutions that strongly converges in
$L^1_{\omega,t,x}$ to a martingale solution of the following stochastic
conservation law with discontinuous flux: $$ d u +\operatorname{div} f(x,
u)\,dt=\Phi(u)\, dW_t. $$ The proofs make use of Galerkin approximations,
kinetic formulations as well as $H$-measures and new velocity averaging results
for stochastic continuity equations. The analysis relies in an essential way on
the use of a.s.~representations of random variables in some particular
quasi-Polish spaces. The convergence framework developed here can be applied to
other singular limit problems for stochastic conservation laws.


  According to Alisa Carrigan's opinion in Physics Today Dec 2007, to prevent
proliferation of nuclear weapons, certain rules should be set to prevent the
spread of a particular kind of knowledge. Here, I argue that a knowledge
blockade does not work, and it is not a suitable means to establish a
sustainable peace.


  The abundances of elements in stars are a critical clue to their origins.
Observed star-to-star variations in logarithmic abundance within an open
cluster are typically only $\sim 0.01-0.05$ over many elements, significantly
smaller than the variation of $\sim 0.06-0.3$ seen in the interstellar medium
from which the stars form. It is unknown why clusters are so homogenous, and
whether homogeneity should also prevail in regions of lower star formation
efficiency that do not produce bound clusters. Here we report adaptive mesh
simulations using passively-advected scalars in order to trace the mixing of
chemical elements as star-forming clouds form and collapse. We show that
turbulent mixing during cloud assembly naturally produces a stellar abundance
scatter at least ~5 times smaller than that in the gas, sufficient to fully
explain the observed chemical homogeneity of stars. Moreover, mixing occurs
very early, so that regions with efficiencies $\varepsilon \sim 10\%$ are
nearly as well-mixed as those with $\varepsilon\sim 50\%$. This implies that
even regions that do not form bound clusters are likely to be well-mixed, and
enhances the prospects for using chemical tagging to reconstruct dissolved star
clusters via their unique chemical signatures.


  In this paper, we proceed along our analysis of the Korteweg-de Vries
approximation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation initiated in a previous paper.
At the long-wave limit, we establish that solutions of small amplitude to the
one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation split into two waves with opposite
constant speeds $\pm \sqrt{2}$, each of which are solutions to a Korteweg-de
Vries equation. We also compute an estimate of the error term which is somewhat
optimal as long as travelling waves are considered. At the cost of higher
regularity of the initial data, this improves our previous estimate.


  Prompted by the increasing interest of axion-like particles (ALPs) for
very-high-energy (VHE) astrophysics, we have considered a full scenario for the
propagation of a VHE photon/ALP beam emitted by a BL Lac and reaching us in the
light of the most up-to-date astrophysical information and for energies up to
above $100 \, \rm TeV$. During its trip, the beam -- generated in a small
region of a BL Lac jet -- crosses a variety of magnetic structures in very
different astronomical environments: the BL Lac jet, the host elliptical
galaxy, the extragalactic space and the Milky Way. We have taken an effort to
model all these magnetic fields in the most realistic fashion and using a new
model developed by us concerning the extragalactic magnetic field. Assuming an
intrinsic spectrum with a power law exponentially truncated at a fixed cut-off
energy, we have evaluated the resulting observed spectra of Markarian 501, the
extreme BL Lac 1ES 0229+200 and a similar source located at $z = 0.6$ up to
above $100 \, \rm TeV$. We obtain interesting results: the model with
photon-ALP oscillations possesses features (spectral energy oscillatory
behaviour and photon excess above $20 \, \rm TeV$) which can be tested by
$\gamma$-ray observatories like CTA, HAWC, GAMMA 400, LHAASO, TAIGA-HiSCORE and
HERD. In addition, our ALP can be detected in dedicated laboratory experiments
like the upgrade of ALPS II at DESY, the planned IAXO and STAX experiments, as
well as with other techniques developed by Avignone and collaborators.


  Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in natural language
processing and content generation. However, current LLMs heavily rely on cloud
computing, leading to prolonged latency, high bandwidth cost, and privacy
concerns. Edge computing is promising to address such concerns by deploying
LLMs on edge devices, closer to data sources. Some works try to leverage model
quantization to reduce the model size to fit the resource-constraint edge
devices, but they lead to accuracy loss. Other works use cloud-edge
collaboration, suffering from unstable network connections. In this work, we
leverage collaborative edge computing to facilitate the collaboration among
edge devices and cloud servers for jointly performing efficient LLM inference.
We propose a general framework to partition the LLM model into shards and
deploy on distributed devices. To achieve efficient LLM inference, we formulate
an adaptive joint device selection and model partition problem and design an
efficient dynamic programming algorithm to optimize the inference latency and
throughput, respectively. Experiments of Llama2 serial models on a
heterogeneous physical prototype demonstrate that EdgeShard achieves up to 50%
latency reduction and 2x throughput improvement over baseline methods.


  Rendering high-fidelity images from sparse point clouds is still challenging.
Existing learning-based approaches suffer from either hole artifacts, missing
details, or expensive computations. In this paper, we propose a novel framework
to render high-quality images from sparse points. This method first attempts to
bridge the 3D Gaussian Splatting and point cloud rendering, which includes
several cascaded modules. We first use a regressor to estimate Gaussian
properties in a point-wise manner, the estimated properties are used to
rasterize neural feature descriptors into 2D planes which are extracted from a
multiscale extractor. The projected feature volume is gradually decoded toward
the final prediction via a multiscale and progressive decoder. The whole
pipeline experiences a two-stage training and is driven by our well-designed
progressive and multiscale reconstruction loss. Experiments on different
benchmarks show the superiority of our method in terms of rendering qualities
and the necessities of our main components.


  We tackle the problem of planning a minimum-time trajectory for a quadrotor
over a sequence of specified waypoints in the presence of obstacles while
exploiting the full quadrotor dynamics. This problem is crucial for autonomous
search and rescue and drone racing scenarios but was, so far, unaddressed by
the robotics community \emph{in its entirety} due to the challenges of
minimizing time in the presence of the non-convex constraints posed by
collision avoidance. Early works relied on simplified dynamics or polynomial
trajectory representations that did not exploit the full actuator potential of
a quadrotor and, thus, did not aim at minimizing time. We address this
challenging problem by using a hierarchical, sampling-based method with an
incrementally more complex quadrotor model. Our method first finds paths in
different topologies to guide subsequent trajectory search for a kinodynamic
point-mass model. Then, it uses an asymptotically-optimal, kinodynamic
sampling-based method based on a full quadrotor model on top of the point-mass
solution to find a feasible trajectory with a time-optimal objective. The
proposed method is shown to outperform all related baselines in cluttered
environments and is further validated in real-world flights at over 60km/h in
one of the world's largest motion capture systems. We release the code open
source.


  We report on the structural and transport properties of the smallest
dislocation loop in graphene, known as a flower defect. First, by means of
advanced experimental imaging techniques, we deduce how flower defects are
formed during recrystallization of chemical vapor deposited graphene. We
propose that the flower defects arise from a bulge type mechanism in which the
flower domains are the grains left over by dynamic recrystallisation. Next, in
order to evaluate the use of such defects as possible building blocks for
all-graphene electronics, we combine multiscale modeling tools to investigate
the structure and the electron and phonon transport properties of large
monolayer graphene samples with a random distribution of flower defects. For
large enough flower densities, we find that electron transport is strongly
suppressed while, surprisingly, hole transport remains almost unaffected. These
results suggest possible applications of flowered graphene for electron energy
filtering. For the same defect densities, phonon transport is reduced by orders
of magnitude as elastic scattering by defects becomes dominant. Heat transport
by flexural phonons, key in graphene, is largely suppressed even for very low
concentrations.


  We propose a novel semiparametric model for the joint distribution of a
continuous longitudinal outcome and the baseline covariates using an enriched
Dirichlet process (EDP) prior. This joint model decomposes into a linear mixed
model for the outcome given the covariates and marginals for the covariates.
The nonparametric EDP prior is placed on the regression and spline
coefficients, the error variance, and the parameters governing the predictor
space. We predict the outcome at unobserved time points for subjects with data
at other time points as well as for new subjects with only baseline covariates.
We find improved prediction over mixed models with Dirichlet process (DP)
priors when there are a large number of covariates. Our method is demonstrated
with electronic health records consisting of initiators of second generation
antipsychotic medications, which are known to increase the risk of diabetes. We
use our model to predict laboratory values indicative of diabetes for each
individual and assess incidence of suspected diabetes from the predicted
dataset. Our model also serves as a functional clustering algorithm in which
subjects are clustered into groups with similar longitudinal trajectories of
the outcome over time.


  We discuss how to formulate a staggered chiral perturbation theory. This
amounts to a generalization of the Lee-Sharpe Lagrangian to include more than
one flavor (i.e. multiple staggered fields), which turns out to be nontrivial.
One loop corrections to pion and kaon masses and decay constants are computed
as examples in three cases: the quenched, partially quenched, and full
(unquenched) case. The results for the one loop mass and decay constant
corrections have already been presented in Ref. [1].


  One of the key observations regarding the stellar initial mass function (IMF)
is its near-universality in the Milky Way (MW), which provides a powerful way
to constrain different star formation models that predict the IMF. However,
those models are almost universally "cloud-scale" or smaller -- they take as
input or simulate single molecular clouds (GMCs), clumps, or cores, and predict
the resulting IMF as a function of the cloud properties. Without a model for
the progenitor properties of all clouds which formed the stars at different
locations in the MW (including ancient stellar populations formed in
high-redshift, likely gas-rich dwarf progenitor galaxies that looked little
like the Galaxy today), the predictions cannot be fully explored, nor safely
applied to "live" cosmological calculations of the IMF in different galaxies at
different cosmological times. We therefore combine a suite of high-resolution
cosmological simulations (from the Feedback In Realistic Environments project),
which form MW-like galaxies with reasonable star formation properties and
explicitly resolve massive GMCs, with various proposed cloud-scale IMF models.
We apply the models independently to every star particle formed in the
simulations to synthesize the predicted IMF in the present-day galaxy. We
explore models where the IMF depends on Jeans mass, sonic or turbulent
Bonner-Ebert mass, fragmentation with a polytropic equation-of-state, or where
it is self-regulated by protostellar feedback. We show that all of these
models, except the feedback-regulated ones, predict far more variation ($\sim
0.6-1$ dex $1\,\sigma$ scatter in the IMF turnover mass) in the simulations
than is observed in the MW.


  The interactions between an incident shock and moderately dense particle
curtain are simulated with the Eulerian-Lagrangian method. A customized solver
based on OpenFOAM is extended with an improved drag model and collision model,
and then validated against two benchmark experiments. In this work, parametric
studies are performed considering different particle sizes, volume fractions,
and curtain thicknesses. It is found that smaller particle size and larger
volume fractions lead to stronger reflected shock and weaker transmitted shock.
Different expansion stages of the curtain fronts are also studied in detail.
Attention is paid to the particle collision effects on the curtain evolution
behaviours. According to our results, for the mono-dispersed particle curtain,
the collision effects on curtain front behaviors are small, even when the
initial particle volume fraction is as high as 20%. This is due to the positive
velocity gradient across the curtain after the shock wave passage, leading to
faster motion of downstream particles than the upstream ones and hence no
collision occurs. For the bi-dispersed particle curtain, the collision effects
become important in the mixing region of different-size particles. Collisions
decelerate small particles while accelerate large ones and cause velocity
scattering. Moreover, increasing the bi-dispersed curtain thickness leads to
multiple collision force peaks due to the local particle accumulations, which
is the result of the delayed separation of different particle groups. Our
results indicate that the collision model may be unnecessary to predict curtain
fronts in mono-dispersed particles, but in bi-dispersed particles, the
collision effects are important and therefore must be modelled.


  A generalization of the classical one-dimensional Darboux transformation to
arbitrary n-dimensional oriented Riemannian manifolds is constructed using an
intrinsic formulation based on the properties of twisted Hodge Laplacians. The
classical two-dimensional Moutard transformation is also generalized to
non-compact oriented Riemannian manifolds of dimension n greater than one. New
examples of quasi-exactly solvable multidimensional matrix Schr\"odinger
operators on curved manifolds are obtained by applying the above results.


  The authors previous derivation of a variational principle from the total
work functional, as a generalization of the first variation of an action
functional, is extended by deriving a corresponding generalization of the
Hamiltonian formulation of that action functional. Some consequences of it are
that one can decompose the Lie brackets of arbitrary vector fields on
symplectic mechanics into a sum of terms that involve the Poisson brackets of
the functions that appear in the normal form of the Pfaffian that is
symplectic-dual to the vector field and that one can also generalize the
Hamilton-Jacobi equation to a system of nonlinear first-order partial
differential equations for the contact field that one uses in order to obtain
them.


  A palindrome in a free group F_n is a word on some fixed free basis of F_n
that reads the same backwards as forwards. The palindromic automorphism group
\Pi A_n of the free group F_n consists of automorphisms that take each member
of some fixed free basis of F_n to a palindrome; the group \Pi A_n has close
connections with hyperelliptic mapping class groups, braid groups, congruence
subgroups of GL(n,Z), and symmetric automorphisms of free groups. We obtain a
generating set for the subgroup of \Pi A_n consisting of those elements acting
trivially on the abelianisation of F_n, the palindromic Torelli group PI_n. The
group PI_n is a free group analogue of the hyperelliptic Torelli subgroup of
the mapping class group of an oriented surface. We obtain our generating set by
constructing a simplicial complex on which PI_n acts in a nice manner, adapting
a proof of Day-Putman. The generating set leads to a finite presentation of the
principal level 2 congruence subgroup of GL(n,Z).


  Background: The B(E2) transition strength to the 2+_2 state in 94Zr was
initially reported to be larger by a factor of 1.63 than the one to the 2+_1
state from lifetime measurements with the Doppler-shift attenuation method
(DSAM) using the (n,n'gamma) reaction [E. Elhami et al., Phys. Rev. C 75,
011301(R) (2007)]. This surprising behavior was recently revised in a new
measurement by the same group using the same experimental technique leading to
a ratio below unity as expected in vibrational nuclei. Purpose: The goal is an
independent determination of the ratio of B(E2) strengths for the transitions
to the 2+_(1,2) states of 94Zr with inelastic electron scattering. Method: The
relative population of the 2+_(1,2) states in (e,e') reactions was measured at
the SDALINAC in a momentum transfer range q = 0.17 - 0.51 fm^(-1) and analyzed
in plane-wave Born approximation with the method described in A. Scheikh Obeid
et al., Phys. Rev. C 87, 014337 (2013). Results: The extracted B(E2) strength
ratio of 0.789(43) between the excitation of the 2+_1 and 2+_2 states of 94Zr
is consistent with but more precise than the latest (n,n'gamma) experiment.
Using the B(E2) transition strength to the first excited state from the
literature a value of 3.9(9) W.u. is deduced for the B(E2; 2+_2 -> 0+_1)
transition. Conclusions: The electron scattering result independently confirms
the latest interpretation of the different (n,n'gamma) results for the
transition to the 2+_2 state in 94Zr.


  We investigate properties of dense suspensions and sediments of small
spherical silt particles by means of a combined Molecular Dynamics (MD) and
Stochastic Rotation Dynamics (SRD) simulation. We include van der Waals and
effective electrostatic interactions between the colloidal particles, as well
as Brownian motion and hydrodynamic interactions which are calculated in the
SRD-part. We present the simulation technique and first results. We have
measured velocity distributions, diffusion coefficients, sedimentation
velocity, spatial correlation functions and we have explored the phase diagram
depending on the parameters of the potentials and on the volume fraction.


  Recent observations have confirmed circumplanetary disks (CPDs) embedded in
parental protoplanetary disks (PPDs). On the other hand, planetary-mass
companions (PMCs) and planetary-mass objects (PMOs) are likely to harbor their
own accretion disks. Unlike PPDs, CPDs and other disks around planet analogues
are generally too compact to be spatially resolved by current instrumentation.
In this study, we generate over 4,000 spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of
circum-PMO-disks (CPMODs) with various host temperature and disk properties,
which can be categorized into four prototypes, i.e., full, pre-transitional,
transitional and evolved CPMODs. We propose a classification scheme based on
their near-to-mid-infrared colors. Using those CPMOD models, we synthesize JWST
(NIRCam and MIRI) photometry for F444W, F1000W and F2550W wide filters. We show
F444W - F1000W and F444 - F2550W colors can be applied to distinguish different
types of CPMODs, especially for those around hot hosts. Our results indicate
that the ongoing and future JWST observations are promising to unveil
structures and properties of CPMODs.


  The alpha model, a parametrized family of probabilities on cladograms (rooted
binary leaf labeled trees), is introduced. This model is Markovian
self-similar, deletion-stable (sampling consistent), and passes through the
Yule, Uniform and Comb models. An explicit formula is given to calculate the
probability of any cladogram or tree shape under the alpha model. Sackin's and
Colless' index are shown to be $O(n^{1+\alpha})$ with asymptotic covariance
equal to 1. Thus the expected depth of a random leaf with $n$ leaves is
$O(n^\alpha)$. The number of cherries on a random alpha tree is shown to be
asymptotically normal with known mean and variance. Finally the shape of
published phylogenies is examined, using trees from Treebase.


  The macroscopic quantum interference effects in ballistic Josephson
microstructures are investigated. The studied system consists of four bulk
superconductors (terminals) which are weakly coupled through the mesoscopic
rectangular normal metal (two dimensional electron gas). We show that nonlocal
electrodynamics of ballistic systems leads to specific current-phase relations
for the mesoscopic multiterminal Josephson junction. The nonlocal coupling of
supercurrents produces the "dragging" effect for phases of the superconducting
order parameter in different terminals. The composite Josephson junction, based
on this effect, exhibits the two -level system behaviour controlled by the
external magnetic flux. The effect of magnetic flux transfer in a system of
nonlocally coupled superconducting rings is studied.


  In 1979, Hylland and Zeckhauser \cite{hylland} gave a simple and general
scheme for implementing a one-sided matching market using the power of a
pricing mechanism. Their method has nice properties -- it is incentive
compatible in the large and produces an allocation that is Pareto optimal --
and hence it provides an attractive, off-the-shelf method for running an
application involving such a market. With matching markets becoming ever more
prevalant and impactful, it is imperative to finally settle the computational
complexity of this scheme.
  We present the following partial resolution:
  1. A combinatorial, strongly polynomial time algorithm for the special case
of $0/1$ utilities.
  2. An example that has only irrational equilibria, hence proving that this
problem is not in PPAD. Furthermore, its equilibria are disconnected, hence
showing that the problem does not admit a convex programming formulation.
  3. A proof of membership of the problem in the class FIXP.
  We leave open the (difficult) question of determining if the problem is
FIXP-hard. Settling the status of the special case when utilities are in the
set $\{0, {\frac 1 2}, 1 \}$ appears to be even more difficult.


  We present the results of CO(J=3-2) on-the-fly mappings of two nearby
non-barred spiral galaxies NGC 628 and NGC 7793 with the Atacama Submillimeter
Telescope Experiment at an effective angular resolution of 25". We successfully
obtained global distributions of CO(J=3-2) emission over the entire disks at a
sub-kpc resolution for both galaxies. We examined the spatially-resolved
(sub-kpc) relationship between CO(J=3-2) luminosities (L'CO(3-2)) and infrared
(IR) luminosities (LIR) for NGC 628, NGC 7793, and M 83, and compared it with
global luminosities of JCMT Nearby Galaxy Legacy Survey sample. We found a
striking linear L'CO(3-2)-LIR correlation over the 4 orders of magnitude, and
the correlation is consistent even with that for ultraluminous infrared
galaxies and submillimeter selected galaxies. In addition, we examined the
spatially-resolved relationship between CO(J=3-2) intensities (ICO(3-2)) and
extinction-corrected star formation rates (SFRs) for NGC 628, NGC 7793, and M
83, and compared it with that for GMCs in M 33 and 14 nearby galaxy centers. We
found a linear ICO(3-2)-SFR correlation with 1 dex scatter. We conclude that
the CO(J=3-2) star formation law (i.e., linear L'CO(3-2)-LIR and ICO(3-2)-SFR
correlations) is universally applicable to various types and spatial scales of
galaxies, from spatially-resolved nearby galaxy disks to distant IR-luminous
galaxies, within 1 dex scatter.


  Three classes of higher-order nonlinear parabolic hyperbolic, and nonlinear
dispersion equations are shown to admit exact blow-up or compacton solutions,
which are induced by elliptic equations with non-Lipschitz nonlinearities.
Variational techniques give countable families of various compactly supported
solutions with oscllatory behaviour cloase to the interfaces. Overall, the
whole set of such compact patterns reveals certain chaotic properties and
contains solutions of arbitrary complexity.


  In this Paper we report on further observations of the third and fourth
kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the power spectrum of the
low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U1636-53. These kilohertz QPOs are sidebands to
the lower kilohertz QPO. The upper sideband has a frequency 55.5+-1.7 Hz larger
than that of the contemporaneously measured lower kilohertz QPO. Such a
sideband has now been measured at a significance >6 sigma in the power spectra
of three neutron star LMXBs (4U1636-53, 4U1728-34, and 4U1608-52). We also
confirm the presence of a sideband at a frequency ~55 Hz less than the
frequency of the lower kilohertz QPO. The lower sideband is detected at a 3.5
sigma level, only when the lower kilohertz QPO frequency is between 800 and 850
Hz. In that frequency interval the sidebands are consistent with being
symmetric around the lower kHz QPO frequency. The upper limit to the rms
amplitude of the lower sideband is significant lower than that of the upper
sideband for lower kilohertz QPO frequencies >850 Hz. Symmetric sidebands are
unique to 4U1636-53. This might be explained by the fact that lower kilohertz
QPO frequencies as high as 800-850 Hz are rare for 4U1728-34 and 4U1608-52.
Finally, we also measured a low frequency QPO at a frequency of ~43 Hz when the
lower kilohertz QPO frequency is between 700-850 Hz. A similar low-frequency
QPO is present in the power spectra of the other two systems for which a
sideband has been observed. We briefly discuss the possibility that the
sideband is caused by Lense-Thirring precession.


  We study Ore localisation of differential graded algebras. Further we define
dg-prime rings, dg-semiprime rings, and study the dg-nil radical of dg-rings.
Then, we define dg-essential submodules, dg-uniform dimension, and apply all
this to a dg-version of Goldie's theorem on prime dg-rings.


  Decentralized methods are gaining popularity for data-driven models in power
systems as they offer significant computational scalability while guaranteeing
full data ownership by utility stakeholders. However, decentralized methods
still require sharing information about network flow estimates over public
facing communication channels, which raises privacy concerns. In this paper we
propose a differential privacy driven approach geared towards decentralized
formulations of mixed integer operations and maintenance optimization problems
that protects network flow estimates. We prove strong privacy guarantees by
leveraging the linear relationship between the phase angles and the flow. To
address the challenges associated with the mixed integer and dynamic nature of
the problem, we introduce an exponential moving average based consensus
mechanism to enhance convergence, coupled with a control chart based
convergence criteria to improve stability. Our experimental results obtained on
the IEEE 118 bus case demonstrate that our privacy preserving approach yields
solution qualities on par with benchmark methods without differential privacy.
To demonstrate the computational robustness of our method, we conduct
experiments using a wide range of noise levels and operational scenarios.


  Goal-conditioned policies are used in order to break down complex
reinforcement learning (RL) problems by using subgoals, which can be defined
either in state space or in a latent feature space. This can increase the
efficiency of learning by using a curriculum, and also enables simultaneous
learning and generalization across goals. A crucial requirement of
goal-conditioned policies is to be able to determine whether the goal has been
achieved. Having a notion of distance to a goal is thus a crucial component of
this approach. However, it is not straightforward to come up with an
appropriate distance, and in some tasks, the goal space may not even be known a
priori. In this work we learn a distance-to-goal estimate which is computed in
terms of the number of actions that would need to be carried out in a
self-supervised approach. Our method solves complex tasks without prior domain
knowledge in the online setting in three different scenarios in the context of
goal-conditioned policies a) the goal space is the same as the state space b)
the goal space is given but an appropriate distance is unknown and c) the state
space is accessible, but only a subset of the state space represents desired
goals, and this subset is known a priori. We also propose a goal-generation
mechanism as a secondary contribution.


  We unify the recently developed abstract theories of universal series and
extended universal series to include sums of the form $\sum_{k=0}^n a_k
x_{n,k}$ for given sequences of vectors $(x_{n,k})_{n\geq k\geq 0}$ in a
topological vector space X. The algebraic and topological genericity as well as
the spaceability are discussed. Then we provide various examples of such
generalized universal series which do not proceed from the classical theory. In
particular, we build universal series involving Bernstein's polynomials, we
obtain a universal series version of MacLane's Theorem, and we extend a result
of Tsirivas concerning universal Taylor series on simply connected domains,
exploiting Bernstein- Walsh quantitative approximation theorem.


  This paper proposed xml entities based architectural implementation to
improve integration between multiple third party vendor software systems with
incompatible xml schema. The xml entity architecture implementation showed that
the lines of code change required for mapping the schema between in house
software and three other vendor schema, decreased by 5.2%, indicating an
improvement in quality. The schema mapping development time decreased by 3.8%
and overall release time decreased by 5.3%, indicating an improvement in
productivity. The proposed technique proved that using xml entities and XSLT
transforms is more efficient in terms of coding effort and deployment
complexity when compared to mapping the schema using object oriented scripting
language such as C#.


  Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a
major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For
Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm cultivable land to
increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country.
This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The
main purpose of this paper is to briefly describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping,
Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling,
analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project
according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field
mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the
statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much
land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we
have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime,
anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect.
Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will
benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this
research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with
GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images
and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests,
and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the
data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and
Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013.


  Let X be a group with identity e, let A be an infinite set of generators for
X, and let (X,d_A) be the metric space with the word metric d_A induced by A.
If the diameter of the space is infinite, then for every positive integer h
there are infinitely many elements x in X with d_A(e,x)=h. It is proved that if
P is a nonempty finite set of prime numbers and A is the set of positive
integers whose prime factors all belong to P, then the diameter of the metric
space (\Z,d_A) is infinite. Let \lambda_A(h) denote the smallest positive
integer x with d_A(e,x)=h. It is an open problem to compute \lambda_A(h) and
estimate its growth rate.


  Smartphones equipped with a multi-camera system comprising multiple cameras
with different field-of-view (FoVs) are becoming more prevalent. These camera
configurations are compatible with reference-based SR and video SR, which can
be executed simultaneously while recording video on the device. Thus, combining
these two SR methods can improve image quality. Recently, Lee et al. have
presented such a method, RefVSR. In this paper, we consider how to optimally
utilize the observations obtained, including input low-resolution (LR) video
and reference (Ref) video. RefVSR extends conventional video SR quite simply,
aggregating the LR and Ref inputs over time in a single bidirectional stream.
However, considering the content difference between LR and Ref images due to
their FoVs, we can derive the maximum information from the two image sequences
by aggregating them independently in the temporal direction. Then, we propose
an improved method, RefVSR++, which can aggregate two features in parallel in
the temporal direction, one for aggregating the fused LR and Ref inputs and the
other for Ref inputs over time. Furthermore, we equip RefVSR++ with enhanced
mechanisms to align image features over time, which is the key to the success
of video SR. We experimentally show that RefVSR++ outperforms RefVSR by over
1dB in PSNR, achieving the new state-of-the-art.


  We provide a new determination of the charm quark mass using the Highly
Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action, finding m_c(3 GeV) = 0.983(23) GeV. Our
determination makes extensive use of second order lattice perturbation theory
in matching the bare lattice mass to the MSbar scheme. This matching utilises
both traditional diagrammatic perturbation theory and weak coupling
simulations. The second of these techniques allows us to extract perturbative
coefficients from Monte-Carlo simulations and the process of doing this is laid
out in some detail here.


  The amount of deuterium relative to hydrogen (D/H) in clouds with close to
primordial abundance seen at high redshift in the spectra of distant quasars
currently provides the best estimate of the baryonic density of the Universe.
The first measurements have yielded discrepant values of D/H both high [around
2 x 10^(-4)] and an order of magnitude lower. The low values of D/H imply a
high Omega(Baryon) that is difficult to reconcile with determinations of the
primordial abundances of other light elements, notably He^4, and with the known
number of light neutrinos. We report an independent measurement of the neutral
hydrogen (HI) column density in the cloud toward Q1937-1009 where one of the
low D/H values was obtained. Our measurement excludes the reported value and we
give a lower limit of D/H > 4 x 10^(-5) in this system, which implies
Omega(Baryon) < 0.016 for a Hubble constant of 100 km/sec/Mpc. This new upper
limit on Omega(Baryon) relieves the conflict with standard Big Bang
nucleosynthesis.


  The recognition of personalized content, such as contact names, remains a
challenging problem for end-to-end speech recognition systems. In this work, we
demonstrate how first and second-pass rescoring strategies can be leveraged
together to improve the recognition of such words. Following previous work, we
use a shallow fusion approach to bias towards recognition of personalized
content in the first-pass decoding. We show that such an approach can improve
personalized content recognition by up to 16% with minimum degradation on the
general use case. We describe a fast and scalable algorithm that enables our
biasing models to remain at the word-level, while applying the biasing at the
subword level. This has the advantage of not requiring the biasing models to be
dependent on any subword symbol table. We also describe a novel second-pass
de-biasing approach: used in conjunction with a first-pass shallow fusion that
optimizes on oracle WER, we can achieve an additional 14% improvement on
personalized content recognition, and even improve accuracy for the general use
case by up to 2.5%.


  We consider the shape of the free surface of steady pendent rivulets beneath
a planar substrate. We formulate the governing equations in terms of two
closely related dynamical systems and use classical phase-plane techniques to
develop the bifurcation structure of the problem. Our results explain why
lubrication theory is unable to capture this bifurcation structure for pendent
rivulets, although it is successful in the related problem of sessile rivulets.


  Instanton liquid in heated and strongly interacting matter is studied using
the variational principle. The dependence of the instanton liquid density
(gluon condensate) on the temperature and the quark chemical potential is
determined under the assumption that, at finite temperatures, the dominant
contribution is given by an ensemble of calorons. The respective one-loop
effective quark Lagrangian is used.


  We give conditions for a locally finite poset $P$ to have the property that
for any functions $f:P\to {\bf C}$ and $g:P\to {\bf C}$ not identically zero
and linked by the M\"obius inversion formula, the support of at least one of
$f$ and $g$ is infinite. This generalises and gives an entirely poset-theoretic
proof of a result of Pollack. Various examples and non-examples are discussed.


  We perform several suites of highly detailed dynamical simulations to
investigate the architectures of the 24 Sextantis and HD 200964 planetary
systems. The best fit orbital solution for the two planets in the 24 Sex system
places them on orbits with periods that lie very close to 2:1 commensurability,
while that for the HD 200964 system places the two planets therein in orbits
whose periods lie close to a 4:3 commensurability. In both cases, the proposed
best-fit orbits are mutually crossing - a scenario that is only dynamically
feasible if the planets are protected from close encounters by the effects of
mutual mean motion resonance. Our simulations reveal that the best fit orbits
for both systems lie within narrow islands of dynamical stability, and are
surrounded by much larger regions of extreme instability. As such, we show that
the planets are only feasible if they are currently trapped in mutual
mean-motion resonance - the 2:1 resonance in the case of 24 Sex b and c, and
the 4:3 resonance in the case of HD 200964 b and c. In both cases, the region
of stability is strongest and most pronounced when the planetary orbits are
mutually coplanar. As the inclination of planet c with respect to planet b is
increased, the stability of both systems rapidly collapses.


  We present a stochastic, limited-memory Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno
(LBFGS) algorithm that is suitable for handling very large amounts of data. A
direct application of this algorithm is radio interferometric calibration of
raw data at fine time and frequency resolution. Almost all existing radio
interferometric calibration algorithms assume that it is possible to fit the
dataset being calibrated into memory. Therefore, the raw data is averaged in
time and frequency to reduce its size by many orders of magnitude before
calibration is performed. However, this averaging is detrimental for the
detection of some signals of interest that have narrow bandwidth and time
duration such as fast radio bursts (FRBs). Using the proposed algorithm, it is
possible to calibrate data at such a fine resolution that they cannot be
entirely loaded into memory, thus preserving such signals. As an additional
demonstration, we use the proposed algorithm for training deep neural networks
and compare the performance against the mainstream first order optimization
algorithms that are used in deep learning.


  This paper presents an automatic formal controller synthesis method for
nonlinear sampled-data systems with safety and reachability specifications.
Fundamentally, the presented method is not restricted to polynomial systems and
controllers. We consider periodically switched controllers based on a Control
Lyapunov Barrier-like functions. The proposed method utilizes genetic
programming to synthesize these functions as well as the controller modes.
Correctness of the controller are subsequently verified by means of a
Satisfiability Modulo Theories solver. Effectiveness of the proposed
methodology is demonstrated on multiple systems.


  A search for the electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in
proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented in
final states with a $\tau$ lepton pair. Both hadronic and leptonic decay modes
are considered for the $\tau$ leptons. Scenarios involving the direct pair
production of $\tau$ sleptons, or their indirect production via the decays of
charginos and neutralinos, are investigated. The data correspond to an
integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMS detector in
2016. The observed number of events is consistent with the standard model
background expectation. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the
cross section for $\tau$ slepton pair production in different scenarios. The
strongest limits are observed in the scenario of a purely left-handed low mass
$\tau$ slepton decaying to a nearly massless neutralino. Exclusion limits are
also set in the context of simplified models of chargino-neutralino and
chargino pair production with decays to $\tau$ leptons, and range up to 710 and
630 GeV, respectively.


  Photodetachment of the outer-most electrons in few- and many-electron atomic
systems is studied in the non-relativistic dipole approximation. Such a
photodetachment is analyzed for the neutral atoms and positively charged atomic
ions. We also investigate photodetachment of the outer-most electrons in the
negatively charged atomic ions, including the negatively charged hydrogen ion.
In all these cases we have derived the closed analytical formulas for the
photodetachemnt cross-section(s) of the outer-most electrons.


  In this research study we present initial results of a recent project in
which mineralogical and thermal analysis were carried out on a terracotta
bangle shard from Harrappa. We were surprised to find bentonite clay as the
major constituent of the bangle shard. Also we have used knowledge of the
mineralogical structure determined through X-ray diffraction and results of
thermal analysis to predict value of firing temperature of the bangle shard.


  I briefly review the concept of d-density ordering, extend it to arbitrary
dimensions, and speculate that it might describe Mott insulators. This ordering
supports zero modes on domain walls, and quite plausibly dopants occupy such
states. This phenomenon could induce quasi-one dimensional behavior in a
two-dimensional electron system.


  Motivated by the recent results on impurity effects in MgB2, we present a
theoretical model for a two-band superconductor in which the character of
quasiparticle motion is ballistic in one band and diffusive in the other. We
apply our model to calculate the electronic structure in the vicinity of an
isolated vortex. We assume that superconductivity in the diffusive (pi) band is
induced by that in the clean (sigma) band, as suggested by experimental
evidence for MgB2. We focus our attention to the spatial variations of the
order parameter, the current density, and the vortex core spectrum in the two
bands. Our results indicate that the coupling to the pi band can lead to the
appearance of additional bound states near the gap edge in the sigma band that
are absent in the single-band case.


  It has often been proposed that the formation of large-scale motion (or
bulges) is a consequence of successive mergers and/or growth of near-wall
hairpin vortices. In the present study, we report our direct observation that
large-scale motion is generated by an instability of an `amplified' streaky
motion in the outer region (i.e. very-large-scale motion). We design a
numerical experiment in turbulent channel flow up to $Re_\tau\simeq 2000$ where
a streamwise-uniform streaky motion is artificially driven by body forcing in
the outer region computed from the previous linear theory (Hwang \& Cossu, J.
Fluid Mech., vol. 664, 2015, pp. 51--73). As the forcing amplitude is
increased, it is found that an energetic streamwise vortical structure emerges
at a streamwise wavelength of $\lambda_x/h\simeq 1-5$ ($h$ is the half-height
of the channel). The application of dynamic mode decomposition and the
examination of turbulence statistics reveal that this structure is a
consequence of the sinuous-mode instability of the streak, a sub-process of the
self-sustaining mechanism of the large-scale outer structures. It is also found
that the statistical features of the vortical structure are remarkably similar
to those of the large-scale motion in the outer region. Finally, it is proposed
that the largest streamwise length of the streak instability determines the
streamwise length scale of very-large-scale motion.


  We find the conditions for one quantum system to function as a classical
controller of another quantum system: the controller must be an open system and
rapidly diagonalised in the basis of the controller variable that is coupled to
the controlled system. This causes decoherence in the controlled system that
can be made small if the rate of diagonalisation is fast. We give a detailed
example based on the quantum optomechanical control of a mechanical resonator.
The resulting equations are similar in structure to recently proposed models
for consistently combining quantum and classical stochastic dynamics.


  With the proliferation of Graph Neural Network (GNN) methods stemming from
contrastive learning, unsupervised node representation learning for graph data
is rapidly gaining traction across various fields, from biology to molecular
dynamics, where it is often used as a dimensionality reduction tool. However,
there remains a significant gap in understanding the quality of the
low-dimensional node representations these methods produce, particularly beyond
well-curated academic datasets. To address this gap, we propose here the first
comprehensive benchmarking of various unsupervised node embedding techniques
tailored for dimensionality reduction, encompassing a range of manifold
learning tasks, along with various performance metrics. We emphasize the
sensitivity of current methods to hyperparameter choices -- highlighting a
fundamental issue as to their applicability in real-world settings where there
is no established methodology for rigorous hyperparameter selection. Addressing
this issue, we introduce GNUMAP, a robust and parameter-free method for
unsupervised node representation learning that merges the traditional UMAP
approach with the expressivity of the GNN framework. We show that GNUMAP
consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art GNN embedding methods in a
variety of contexts, including synthetic geometric datasets, citation networks,
and real-world biomedical data -- making it a simple but reliable
dimensionality reduction tool.


  This work presents a new hybrid discretization approach to alleviate membrane
locking in isogeometric finite element formulations for Kirchhoff-Love shells.
The approach is simple, and requires no additional dofs and no static
condensation. It does not increase the bandwidth of the tangent matrix and is
effective for both linear and nonlinear problems. It combines isogeometric
surface discretizations with classical Lagrange-based surface discretizations,
and can thus be run with existing isogeometric finite element codes. Also, the
stresses can be recovered straightforwardly. The effectiveness of the proposed
approach in alleviating, if not eliminating, membrane locking is demonstrated
through the rigorous study of the convergence behavior of several classical
benchmark problems. Accuracy gains are particularly large in the membrane
stresses. The approach is formulated here for quadratic NURBS, but an extension
to other discretization types can be anticipated. The same applies to other
constraints and associated locking phenomena.


  Starting from works by Scherk (1835) and by Enneper-Weierstra\ss \ (1863),
new minimal surfaces with Scherk ends were found only in 1988 by Karcher (see
\cite{Karcher1,Karcher}). In the singly periodic case, Karcher's examples of
positive genera had been unique until Traizet obtained new ones in 1996 (see
\cite{Traizet}). However, Traizet's construction is implicit and excludes {\it
towers}, namely the desingularisation of more than two concurrent planes. Then,
new explicit towers were found only in 2006 by Martin and Ramos Batista (see
\cite{Martin}), all of them with genus one. For genus two, the first such
towers were constructed in 2010 (see \cite{Valerio2}). Back to 2009, implicit
towers of arbitrary genera were found in \cite{HMM}. In our present work we
obtain {\it explicit} minimal Scherk saddle towers, for any given genus $2k$,
$k\ge3$.


  Let P_{n,m} denote the graph taken uniformly at random from the set of all
planar graphs on {1,2,..., n} with exactly m(n) edges. We use counting
arguments to investigate the probability that P_{n,m} will contain given
components and subgraphs, finding that there is different asymptotic behaviour
depending on the ratio m/n.


  The rising use of machine learning in various fields requires robust methods
to create synthetic tabular data. Data should preserve key characteristics
while addressing data scarcity challenges. Current approaches based on
Generative Adversarial Networks, such as the state-of-the-art CTGAN model,
struggle with the complex structures inherent in tabular data. These data often
contain both continuous and discrete features with non-Gaussian distributions.
Therefore, we propose a novel Variational Autoencoder (VAE)-based model that
addresses these limitations. Inspired by the TVAE model, our approach
incorporates a Bayesian Gaussian Mixture model (BGM) within the VAE
architecture. This avoids the limitations imposed by assuming a strictly
Gaussian latent space, allowing for a more accurate representation of the
underlying data distribution during data generation. Furthermore, our model
offers enhanced flexibility by allowing the use of various differentiable
distributions for individual features, making it possible to handle both
continuous and discrete data types. We thoroughly validate our model on three
real-world datasets with mixed data types, including two medically relevant
ones, based on their resemblance and utility. This evaluation demonstrates
significant outperformance against CTGAN and TVAE, establishing its potential
as a valuable tool for generating synthetic tabular data in various domains,
particularly in healthcare.


  Transparencies of the 18th Henry Primakoff lecture at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, April 11, 2001 and of the Special lecture
given at the 7th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and
Underground Physics, TAUP 2001, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy,
September 9, 2001; to be published by Elsevier Nucl. Phys. B (Proceedings
supplements).
  Various aspects of the concept of mass in modern physics are discussed: 1.
Mass in Special Relativity, 2. Atoms in Static Gravity, 3. Photons in Static
Gravity, 4. Misleading Terminology, 5. Unsolved Problems of mass.


  This paper is concerned with nonlinear filtering of the coefficients in asset
price models with stochastic volatility. More specifically, we assume that the
asset price process $S=(S_{t})_{t\geq0}$ is given by \[
dS_{t}=m(\theta_{t})S_{t} dt+v(\theta_{t})S_{t} dB_{t}, \] where
$B=(B_{t})_{t\geq0}$ is a Brownian motion, $v$ is a positive function and
$\theta=(\theta_{t})_{t\geq0}$ is a c\'{a}dl\'{a}g strong Markov process. The
random process $\theta$ is unobservable. We assume also that the asset price
$S_{t}$ is observed only at random times $0<\tau_{1}<\tau_{2}<....$ This is an
appropriate assumption when modeling high frequency financial data (e.g.,
tick-by-tick stock prices).
  In the above setting the problem of estimation of $\theta$ can be approached
as a special nonlinear filtering problem with measurements generated by a
multivariate point process $(\tau_{k},\log S_{\tau_{k}})$. While quite natural,
this problem does not fit into the ``standard'' diffusion or simple point
process filtering frameworks and requires more technical tools. We derive a
closed form optimal recursive Bayesian filter for $\theta_{t}$, based on the
observations of $(\tau_{k},\log S_{\tau_{k}})_{k\geq1}$. It turns out that the
filter is given by a recursive system that involves only deterministic
Kolmogorov-type equations, which should make the numerical implementation
relatively easy.


  We present synthetic OH Zeeman splitting measurements of a super-Alfvenic
model of molecular clouds. We select dense cores from synthetic 13CO maps
computed from the largest simulation to date of supersonic and super-Alfvenic
turbulence. The synthetic Zeeman splitting measurements in the cores yield a
relation between the magnetic field strength, B, and the column density, N, in
good agreement with the observations. The large scatter in B at a fixed value
of N is partly due to intrinsic variations in the magnetic field strength from
core to core. We also compute the relative mass-to-flux ratio between the
center of the cores and their envelopes, ${\cal R}_{\mu}$, and show that
super-Alfvenic turbulence produces a significant scatter also in ${\cal
R}_{\mu}$, including negative values (field reversal between core center and
envelope). We find ${\cal R}_{\mu}<1$ for 70% of the cores, and ${\cal
R}_{\mu}<0$ for 12%. Of the cores with $|B_{\rm LOS}|>10$ \muG, 81% have ${\cal
R}_{\mu}<1$. These predictions of the super-Alfvenic model are in stark
contrast to the ambipolar drift model of core formation, where only ${\cal
R}_{\mu}>1$ is allowed.


  Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to investigate the capillary
fluctuations of steps on the surface of a model metal system. The fluctuation
spectrum, characterized by the wave number ($k$) dependence of the mean squared
capillary-wave amplitudes and associated relaxation times, is calculated for
$\left<110\right>$ and $\left<112\right>$ steps on the $\{111\}$ surface of
elemental copper near the melting temperature of the classical potential model
considered. Step stiffnesses are derived from the MD results, yielding values
from the largest system sizes of $(37\pm1) \,
\mathrm{meV}/\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$ for the different line orientations,
implying that the stiffness is isotropic within the statistical precision of
the calculations. The fluctuation lifetimes are found to vary by approximately
four orders of magnitude over the range of wave numbers investigated,
displaying a $k$ dependence consistent with kinetics governed by step-edge
mediated diffusion. The values for step stiffness derived from these
simulations are compared to step free energies for the same system and
temperature obtained in a recent MD-based thermodynamic-integration (TI) study
[Freitas, Frolov, and Asta, Phys. Rev. B 95, 155444 (2017)]. Results from the
capillary-fluctuation analysis and TI calculations yield statistically
significant differences that are discussed within the framework of
statistical-mechanical theories for configurational contributions to step free
energies.


  Expander graphs have been recently proposed to construct efficient compressed
sensing algorithms. In particular, it has been shown that any $n$-dimensional
vector that is $k$-sparse (with $k\ll n$) can be fully recovered using
$O(k\log\frac{n}{k})$ measurements and only $O(k\log n)$ simple recovery
iterations. In this paper we improve upon this result by considering expander
graphs with expansion coefficient beyond 3/4 and show that, with the same
number of measurements, only $O(k)$ recovery iterations are required, which is
a significant improvement when $n$ is large. In fact, full recovery can be
accomplished by at most $2k$ very simple iterations. The number of iterations
can be made arbitrarily close to $k$, and the recovery algorithm can be
implemented very efficiently using a simple binary search tree. We also show
that by tolerating a small penalty on the number of measurements, and not on
the number of recovery iterations, one can use the efficient construction of a
family of expander graphs to come up with explicit measurement matrices for
this method. We compare our result with other recently developed
expander-graph-based methods and argue that it compares favorably both in terms
of the number of required measurements and in terms of the recovery time
complexity. Finally we will show how our analysis extends to give a robust
algorithm that finds the position and sign of the $k$ significant elements of
an almost $k$-sparse signal and then, using very simple optimization
techniques, finds in sublinear time a $k$-sparse signal which approximates the
original signal with very high precision.


  Invariant manifolds are of fundamental importance to the qualitative
understanding of dynamical systems. In this work, we explore and extend
MacKay's converse KAM condition to obtain a sufficient condition for the
nonexistence of invariant surfaces that are transverse to a chosen 1D
foliation. We show how useful foliations can be constructed from approximate
integrals of the system. This theory is implemented numerically for two models,
a particle in a two-wave potential and a Beltrami flow studied by Zaslavsky
(Q-flows). These are both 3D volume-preserving flows, and they exemplify the
dynamics seen in time-dependent Hamiltonian systems and incompressible fluids,
respectively. Through both numerical and theoretical considerations, it is
revealed how to choose foliations that capture the nonexistence of invariant
tori with varying homologies.


  We study the dynamical evolution toward steady state of the stochastic
non-equilibrium model known as totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, in
both uniform and non-uniform (staggered) one-dimensional systems with open
boundaries. Domain-wall theory and numerical simulations are used and, where
pertinent, their results are compared to existing mean-field predictions and
exact solutions where available. For uniform chains we find that the inclusion
of fluctuations inherent to the domain-wall formulation plays a crucial role in
providing good agreement with simulations, which is severely lacking in the
corresponding mean-field predictions. For alternating-bond chains the
domain-wall predictions for the features of the phase diagram in the parameter
space of injection and ejection rates turn out to be realized only in an
incipient and quantitatively approximate way. Nevertheless, significant
quantitative agreement can be found between several additional domain-wall
theory predictions and numerics.


  In this paper, we consider the twisted K\"ahler-Ricci soliton, and show that
the existence of twisted K\"ahler-Ricci soliton with semi-positive twisting
form is closely related to the properness of some energy functionals. We also
consider the conical K\"ahler-Ricci soliton, and obtain some existence results.
In particular, under some assumptions on the divisor and $\alpha$-invariant, we
get the properness of the modified log K-energy and the existence of conical
K\"ahler-Ricci soliton with suitable cone angle.


  We revisit inflation in induced gravity. Our focus is on models where the low
scale Planck mass is completely determined by the breaking of the scaling
symmetry in the field theory sector. The Higgs-like field which breaks the
symmetry with a GUT-scale vacuum expectation value has non-minimal couplings to
the curvature, induced by the gravitational couplings of the other light fields
in the theory, so that its expectation value controls the gravitational
strength. This field can drive inflation, and give a low energy universe in
very good agreement with the cosmological observations. The low energy dynamics
of the Standard Model cannot be unitarized by the Higgsflaton, which decouples
from the low energy theory, both because it picks up a large mass and because
its direct couplings to the low energy modes are weakened. Instead, the short
distance behavior of the Standard Model may be regulated by the dynamics of
other light degrees of freedom, such as in Higgsless models.


  Given a group G, the conjugacy problem in G is the problem of giving an
effective procedure for determining whether or not two given elements f, g of G
are conjugate, i.e. whether there exists h belonging to G with fh = hg. This
paper is about the conjugacy problem in the group Diffeo(I) of all
diffeomorphisms of an interval I in R. There is much classical work on the
subject, solving the conjugacy problem for special classes of maps.
Unfortunately, it is also true that many results and arguments known to the
experts are difficult to find in the literature, or simply absent. We try to
repair these lacunae, by giving a systematic review, and we also include new
results about the conjugacy classification in the general case.


  We present a randomised variant of an algorithm of Lucchini and Thakkar for
finding a smallest sized generating set in a finite group, which has polynomial
time expected running time in finite permutation groups.


  KMCLib is a general framework for lattice kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC)
simulations. The program can handle simulations of the diffusion and reaction
of millions of particles in one, two, or three dimensions, and is designed to
be easily extended and customized by the user to allow for the development of
complex custom KMC models for specific systems without having to modify the
core functionality of the program. Analysis modules and on-the-fly elementary
step diffusion rate calculations can be implemented as plugins following a
well-defined API. The plugin modules are loosely coupled to the core KMCLib
program via the Python scripting language. KMCLib is written as a Python module
with a backend C++ library. After initial compilation of the backend library
KMCLib is used as a Python module; input to the program is given as a Python
script executed using a standard Python interpreter. We give a detailed
description of the features and implementation of the code and demonstrate its
scaling behavior and parallel performance with a simple one-dimensional A-B-C
lattice KMC model and a more complex three-dimensional lattice KMC model of
oxygen-vacancy diffusion in a fluorite structured metal oxide. KMCLib can keep
track of individual particle movements and includes tools for mean square
displacement analysis, and is therefore particularly well suited for studying
diffusion processes at surfaces and in solids.


  (shortened) Fifteen Be/X-ray binaries and candidates in the SMC were observed
serendipitously with the EPIC instruments of XMM-Newton during two observations
of SNR 0047-73.5 and SNR 0103-72.6 in October 2000. A total of twelve of those
sources are detected. For eleven of them an accurate position and in part
detection of X-ray pulsations support the proposed identification as Be/X-ray
binaries. The detection of pulsations (172.2 s, 320.1 s and 751 s) from three
hard X-ray sources with periods known from ASCA observations confirm their
proposed identifications with ROSAT sources and their optical Be star
counterparts. In addition, pulsations with a period of 263.6 s were found from
XMMUJ004723.7-731226=RXJ0047.3-7312. For SAXJ0103.2-7209 a pulse period of
341.2$\pm$0.5 s was determined, continuing the large spin-up seen with ASCA,
BeppoSAX and Chandra between 1996 and 1999 with a period derivative of $-$1.6 s
yr$^{-1}$ covering now 4.5 years. The 0.3-10.0 keV EPIC spectra of all eleven
Be/X-ray binaries and candidates are consistent with power-law energy
distributions with derived photon indices strongly peaked at 1.00 with a
standard deviation of 0.16. No pulsations are detected from RXJ0049.2-7311 and
RXJ0049.5-7310 (both near the 9 s pulsar AXJ0049-732) and RXJ0105.1-7211 (near
AXJ0105-722, which may pulsate with 3.3 s), leaving the identification of the
ASCA sources with ROSAT and corresponding XMM-Newton objects still unclear. We
present an updated list of high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) and candidates in
the SMC incorporating improved X-ray positions obtained from Chandra and
XMM-Newton observations. Including the results from this work and recent
publications the SMC HMXB catalogue comprises 65 objects with at least 37
showing X-ray pulsations.


  Let O be an order in an algebraic number field K, i.e., a ring with quotient
field K which is contained in the ring of integers of K. The order O is called
monogenic, if it is of the shape Z[w], i.e., generated over the rational
integers by one element. By a result of Gy\H{o}ry (1976), the set of w with
Z[w]=O is a union of finitely many equivalence classes, where two elements v,w
of O are called equivalent if v+w or v-w is a rational integer. An order O is
called k times monogenic if there are at least k different equivalence classes
of w with Z[w]=O, and precisely k times monogenic if there are precisely k such
equivalence classes. It is known that every quadratic order is precisely one
time monogenic, while in number fields of degree larger than 2, there may be
non-monogenic orders. In this paper we study orders which are more than one
time monogenic. Our first main result is, that in any number field K of degree
at least 3 there are only finitely many three times monogenic orders. Next, we
define two special types of two times monogenic orders, and show that there are
number fields K which have infinitely many orders of these types. Then under
certain conditions imposed on the Galois group of the normal closure of K, we
prove that K has only finitely many two times monogenic orders which are not of
these types. We give some immediate applications to canonical number systems.
Further, we prove extensions of our results for domains which are monogenic
over a given domain A of characteristic 0 which is finitely generated over Z.


  In 2020, Kuang and Bettenburg proposed Quantum Public Key Distribution (QPKE)
which utilized the randomized phase shift gate. Since then, it has been
implemented both theoretically through simulations and experimentally over
existing fiber optical networks. QPKE can be compared to an RSA-type scheme but
in the optical analogue domain. Later on, it was renamed Quantum Encryption in
Phase Space (QEPS) to emphasize the encryption of coherent states in phase
space. However, the phase shift gate used in QEPS is limited to data modulation
schemes with phase shift keying such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) as
it may leak data information in amplitude if applied to quadrature amplitude
modulation (QAM) schemes. Recently, Kuang and Chan proposed a new version of
QEPS known as Quantum Encryption in Phase Space with the displacement gate or
QEPS-d, which overcomes the limitation of QEPS with the phase shift gate. This
was achieved by introducing a reduced displacement operator that ignores the
global phase factor, making the reduced displacement operators commutable, thus
aiding the implementation at both transmission and reception. Furthermore, any
arbitrary displacement operator can be decoupled into a standard QAM modulation
with a phase shift modulation, making encryption and decryption easier. This
paper demonstrates the simulation of QEPS-d encryption for QPSK data modulation
to illustrate how QEPS-d functions.


  We have made in-situ [103] and [110]YBCO/Pb junctions, which display an
hysteretic behaviour with both a well-defined Quasi-Particule branch and a
Josephson current. A zero energy conductance peak is observed in the tunneling
conductance which is a signature of Andreev Bound States (ABS) at a surface of
a d-wave superconductor. The observed splitting of this peak at low temperature
may confirm the existence of a surface state which breaks time-reversal
symmetry. However, up to now, we have not seen any evidence of a coupling
between Josephson current and the zero-energy ABS, predicted by Y. Tanaka and
S. Kashiwaya (PRB 56 p.892).


  We present measurements of the differential cross section dsigma/dpT_gamma
for the inclusive production of a photon in association with a b-quark jet for
photons with rapidities |y_gamma|< 1.0 and 30<pT_gamma <300 GeV, as well as for
photons with 1.5<|y_gamma|< 2.5 and 30< pT_gamma <200 GeV, where pT_gamma is
the photon transverse momentum. The b-quark jets are required to have pT>15 GeV
and rapidity |y_jet| < 1.5. The results are based on data corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 8.7 fb^-1, recorded with the D0 detector at the
Fermilab Tevatron $p\bar{p}$ Collider at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. The measured cross
sections are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations
using different sets of parton distribution functions as well as to predictions
based on the kT-factorization QCD approach, and those from the Sherpa and
Pythia Monte Carlo event generators.


  A Brownian particle's random motions can be rectified by a periodic potential
energy landscape that alternates between two states, even if both states are
spatially symmetric. If the two states differ only by a discrete translation,
the direction of the ratchet-driven current can be reversed by changing their
relative durations. We experimentally demonstrate flux reversal in a symmetric
two-state ratchet by tracking the motions of colloidal spheres moving through
large arrays of discrete potential energy wells created with dynamic
holographic optical tweezers. The model's simplicity and high degree of
symmetry suggest possible applications in molecular-scale motors.


  Background: Ab initio many-body methods whose numerical cost scales
polynomially with the number of particles have been developed over the past
fifteen years to tackle closed-shell mid-mass nuclei. Open-shell nuclei have
been further addressed by implementing variants based on the concept of
spontaneous symmetry breaking (and restoration).
  Purpose: In order to access the spectroscopy of open-shell nuclei more
systematically while controlling the numerical cost, we design a novel
many-body method that combines the merit of breaking and restoring symmetries
with those brought about by low-rank individual excitations.
  Methods: The recently proposed truncated configuration-interaction method
based on optimized symmetry-broken and -restored states is extended to the
z-signature symmetry associated with a discrete subgroup of SU(2). The
highly-truncated N-body Hilbert subspace within which the Hamiltonian is
diagonalized is spanned by a z-signature broken and restored Slater determinant
vacuum and associated low-rank excitations.
  Results: The proposed method provides an excellent reproduction of the
ground-state energy and of low-lying excitation energies of various
z-signatures and total angular momenta. In doing so, the successive benefits of
(i) breaking the symmetry, (ii) restoring the symmetry, (iii) including
low-rank particle-hole excitations and (iv) optimizing the amount by which the
underlying vacuum breaks the symmetry are illustrated.
  Conclusions: The numerical cost of the newly designed variational method is
polynomial with respect to the system size. The present study confirms the
results obtained previously for the attractive pairing Hamiltonian in
connection with the breaking and restoration of U(1) global gauge symmetry.
These two studies constitute a strong motivation to apply this method to
realistic nuclear Hamiltonians.


  The quantum statistics of particles is determined by both the spins and the
indistinguishability of quantum states. Here we studied the quantum statistics
of partially distinguishable photons by defining the multi-photon
indistinguishability. The photon bunching co-efficient was formulated based on
the properties of permutation symmetry, and a modified Bose--Einstein
statistics was presented with an indistinguishability induced photon bunching
effect. Moreover, the statistical transition of the photon state was studied
for partially distinguishable photons, and the results shows the that
indistinguishability exhibits the same role as that observed in the generation
of laser. The results will fill the gap between Bose--Einstein and Poisson
statistics for photons, and a formula is presented for the study of
multi-photon quantum information processes.


  In this study, we approached the Hit Song Prediction problem, which aims to
predict which songs will become Billboard hits. We gathered a dataset of nearly
18500 hit and non-hit songs and extracted their audio features using the
Spotify Web API. We test four machine-learning models on our dataset. We were
able to predict the Billboard success of a song with approximately 86\%
accuracy. The most succesful algorithms were Random Forest and Support Vector
Machine.


  Adding a small subdominant quadratic in momentum term to a dominant linear
Dirac dispersion curve affects conduction and valence band differently and
leads to an hourglass-like structure for energy as a function of momentum. This
applies to the protected surface states in topological insulators. The energies
of the conduction and valence band Landau levels are also different and this
leads to the splitting of optical absorption lines produced by the magnetic
field, which acquire a two peak structure. It also changes the peaks in the
imaginary part of the Hall conductivity into two distinct contributions of
opposite signs. The real part of the circularly polarized optical conductivity
however retains its single peak structure but the peaks in right and left
handedness case are shifted in energy with respect to each other in contrast to
the pure Dirac case. The magnitude of the semiclassical cyclotron frequency is
significantly modified by the presence of a mass term as is its variation with
value of the chemical potential $\mu$. Its optical spectral weight is found to
decrease with increasing $\mu$ rather than increase as it does in the pure
Dirac limit.


  In this paper, a novel method to adaptively approximate the solution to
stochastic differential equations, which is based on compressive sampling and
sparse recovery, is introduced. The proposed method consider the problem of
sparse recovery with respect to multi-wavelet basis (MWB) from a small number
of random samples to approximate the solution to problems. To illustrate the
robustness of developed method, three benchmark problems are studied and main
statistical features of solutions such as the variance and the mean of
solutions obtained by proposed method are compared with the ones obtained from
Monte Carlo simulations.


  T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging
(DWI) are essential components for cervical cancer diagnosis. However,
combining these channels for training deep learning models are challenging due
to misalignment of images. Here, we propose a novel multi-head framework that
uses dilated convolutions and shared residual connections for separate encoding
of multiparametric MRI images. We employ a residual U-Net model as a baseline,
and perform a series of architectural experiments to evaluate the tumor
segmentation performance based on multiparametric input channels and feature
encoding configurations. All experiments were performed using a cohort
including 207 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Our proposed
multi-head model using separate dilated encoding for T2W MRI, and combined
b1000 DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images achieved the best
median Dice coefficient similarity (DSC) score, 0.823 (95% confidence interval
(CI), 0.595-0.797), outperforming the conventional multi-channel model, DSC
0.788 (95% CI, 0.568-0.776), although the difference was not statistically
significant (p>0.05). We investigated channel sensitivity using 3D GRAD-CAM and
channel dropout, and highlighted the critical importance of T2W and ADC
channels for accurate tumor segmentations. However, our results showed that
b1000 DWI had a minor impact on overall segmentation performance. We
demonstrated that the use of separate dilated feature extractors and
independent contextual learning improved the model's ability to reduce the
boundary effects and distortion of DWI, leading to improved segmentation
performance. Our findings can have significant implications for the development
of robust and generalizable models that can extend to other multi-modal
segmentation applications.


  Few examples of magnetic systems displaying a transition to pure dipolar
magnetic order are known to date, and single-molecule magnets can provide an
interesting example. The molecular cluster spins and thus their dipolar
interaction energy can be quite high, leading to reasonably accessible ordering
temperatures, provided the crystal field anisotropy is sufficiently small. This
condition can be met for molecular clusters of sufficiently high symmetry, as
for the Mn6 compound studied here. Magnetic specific heat and susceptibility
experiments show a transition to ferromagnetic dipolar order at T_{c} = 0.16 K.
Classical Monte-Carlo calculations indeed predict ferromagnetic ordering and
account for the correct value of T_{c}. In high magnetic fields we detected the
contribution of the ^{55}Mn nuclei to the specific heat, and the characteristic
timescale of nuclear relaxation. This was compared with results obtained
directly from pulse-NMR experiments. The data are in good mutual agreement and
can be well described by the theory for magnetic relaxation in highly polarized
paramagnetic crystals and for dynamic nuclear polarization, which we
extensively review. The experiments provide an interesting comparison with the
recently investigated nuclear spin dynamics in the anisotropic single molecule
magnet Mn12-ac.


  The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a next-generation radio telescope
currently under construction in the remote Western Australia Outback. Raw data
will be generated continuously at 5GiB/s, grouped into 8s cadences. This high
throughput motivates the development of on-site, real time processing and
reduction in preference to archiving, transport and off-line processing. Each
batch of 8s data must be completely reduced before the next batch arrives.
Maintaining real time operation will require a sustained performance of around
2.5TFLOP/s (including convolutions, FFTs, interpolations and matrix
multiplications). We describe a scalable heterogeneous computing pipeline
implementation, exploiting both the high computing density and FLOP-per-Watt
ratio of modern GPUs. The architecture is highly parallel within and across
nodes, with all major processing elements performed by GPUs. Necessary
scatter-gather operations along the pipeline are loosely synchronized between
the nodes hosting the GPUs. The MWA will be a frontier scientific instrument
and a pathfinder for planned peta- and exascale facilities.


  We present a brief review of some recent results on non-abelian solitons and
black holes in different theories.
  Lecture given at the Simi-96, Tbilisi, Georgia, September 22-28, 1996.


  We express the Masur-Veech volume and the area Siegel-Veech constant of the
moduli space $\mathcal{Q}_{g,n}$ of genus $g$ meromorphic quadratic
differentials with $n$ simple poles as polynomials in the intersection numbers
of $\psi$-classes with explicit rational coefficients. The formulae obtained in
this article result from lattice point counts involving the Kontsevich volume
polynomials that also appear in Mirzakhani's recursion for the Weil-Petersson
volumes of the moduli spaces of bordered hyperbolic surfaces with geodesic
boundaries. A similar formula for the Masur-Veech volume (though without
explicit evaluation) was obtained earlier by Mirzakhani via completely
different approach.
  Furthermore, we prove that the density of the mapping class group orbit of
any simple closed multicurve $\gamma$ inside the ambient set of integral
measured laminations computed by Mirzakhani coincides with the density of
square-tiled surfaces having horizontal cylinder decomposition associated to
$\gamma$ among all square-tiled surfaces in $\mathcal{Q}_{g,n}$.
  We study the resulting densities (or, equivalently, volume contributions) in
more detail in the special case $n=0$. In particular, we compute the asymptotic
frequencies of separating and non-separating simple closed geodesics on a
closed hyperbolic surface of genus $g$ for small $g$ and we show that for large
genera the separating closed geodesics are $\sqrt{\frac{2}{3\pi
g}}\cdot\frac{1}{4^g}$ times less frequent.


  A hypergraph is linear if any two edges intersect in at most one vertex. For
a fixed $k$-uniform family ${\cal{F}}$ of hypergraphs, the linear Tur\'an
number ${\rm ex}_{\rm lin}(n,{\cal{F}})$ is the maximum number of edges in a
$k$-uniform linear hypergraph $\mathcal H$ on $n$ vertices that does not
contain any member of ${\cal{F}}$ as a subhypergraph.
  For $k\ge 2$ the $k$-fan $F^k$ is the $k$-uniform linear hypergraph having
$k$ edges $f_1,\dots,f_k$ pairwise intersecting in the same vertex $v$ and an
additional edge $g$ intersecting all $f_i$ in a vertex different from $v$. We
prove the following extension of Mantel's theorem $${\rm ex}_{\rm
lin}(n,F^k)\le {n^2 / k^2}.$$ Moreover, $|{\mathcal H}|=n^2/k^2$ holds if and
only if $n\equiv 0\pmod k$ and $\mathcal H$ is a transversal design on $n$
points with $k$ groups.
  We also study ${\rm ex}_{\rm lin}(n,{\cal{F}})$ where $\cal{F}$ is any subset
of the three linear triple systems with four triples on at most seven points.


  We performed a blind search for narrow absorption features at energies
greater than 6.4 keV in a sample of 42 radio-quiet AGNs observed with
XMM-Newton. We detect 36 narrow absorption lines on a total of 101 XMM-Newton
EPIC pn observations. The number of absorption lines at rest-frame energies E>7
keV is 22. Their global probability to be generated by random fluctuations is
very low, less than 3x10^-8, and their detection have been independently
confirmed by a spectral analysis of the MOS data, with associated random
probability <10^-7. We identify the lines as Fe XXV and Fe XXVI K-shell
resonant absorption. They are systematically blue-shifted, with a velocity
distribution ranging from zero up to 0.3c, with a peak and mean value at 0.1c.
We detect variability of the lines on both EWs and blue-shifted velocities
among different observations even on time-scales as short as a few days,
possibly suggesting somewhat compact absorbers. Moreover, we find no
significant correlation between the cosmological red-shifts of the sources and
the lines blue-shifted velocities, ruling out any systematic contamination by
local absorption. If we define Ultra-fast Outflows (UFOs) those highly ionized
absorbers with outflow velocities higher than 10^4 km/s, then the majority of
the lines are consistent with being associated to UFOs and the fraction of
objects with detected UFOs in the whole sample is at least 35%. This fraction
is similar for Type 1 and Type 2 sources. The global covering fraction of the
absorbers is consequently estimated to be in the range C=0.4-0.6, thereby
implying large opening angles. These lines indicate that UFOs are a rather
common phenomenon observable in the central regions of these sources and they
are probably the direct signature of AGN accretion disk winds/ejecta. The
detailed photo-ionization modeling of these absorbers is presented in a
companion paper.


  We describe a systematic search for X-ray counterparts of radio pulsars. The
search was accomplished by cross-correlating the radio timing positions of all
radio pulsars from the ATNF pulsar database (version 1.54) with archival
XMM-Newton and Chandra observations publicly released by July 1st 2016. In
total, 178 of the archival XMM-Newton observations and 213 of the archival
Chandra datasets where found to have a radio pulsar serendipitously in the
field of view. From the 288 radio pulsars covered by these datasets we
identified 20 previously undetected X-ray counterparts. For 6 of them the
statistics was sufficient to model the energy spectrum with one- or
two-component models. For the remaining new detections and for those pulsars
for which we determined an upper limit to their counting rate we computed the
energy flux by assuming a Crab-like spectrum. Additionally, we derived upper
limits on the neutron stars' surface temperature and on the non-thermal X-ray
efficiency for those pulsars for which the spin-down energy was known. The
temperature upper limits where compared with predictions from various neutron
star cooling models and where found to be in agreement with the minimal cooling
paradigm


  Position sensitive detectors (PSDs) offer possibility to track single active
marker's two (or three) degrees of freedom (DoF) position with a high accuracy,
while having a fast response time with high update frequency and low latency,
all using a very simple signal processing circuit. However they are not
particularly suitable for 6-DoF object pose tracking system due to lack of
orientation measurement, limited tracking range, and sensitivity to
environmental variation. We propose a novel 6-DoF pose tracking system for a
rigid object tracking requiring a single active marker. The proposed system
uses a stereo-based PSD pair and multiple Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs).
This is done based on a practical approach to identify and control the power of
Infrared-Light Emitting Diode (IR-LED) active markers, with an aim to increase
the tracking work space and reduce the power consumption. Our proposed tracking
system is validated with three different work space sizes and for static and
dynamic positional accuracy using robotic arm manipulator with three different
dynamic motion patterns. The results show that the static position
root-mean-square (RMS) error is 0.6mm. The dynamic position RMS error is
0.7-0.9mm. The orientation RMS error is between 0.04 and 0.9 degree at varied
dynamic motion. Overall, our proposed tracking system is capable of tracking a
rigid object pose with sub-millimeter accuracy at the mid range of the work
space and sub-degree accuracy for all work space under a lab setting.


  Many genes have been identified as driving cellular differentiation, but
because of their complex interactions, the understanding of their collective
behaviour requires mathematical modelling. Intriguingly, it has been observed
in numerous developmental contexts, and particularly hematopoiesis, that genes
regulating differentiation are initially co-expressed in progenitors despite
their antagonism, before one is upregulated and others downregulated. We
characterise conditions under which 3 classes of generic "master regulatory
networks", modelled at the molecular level after experimentally-observed
interactions (including bHLH protein dimerisation), and including an arbitrary
number of antagonistic components, can behave as a "multi-switch", directing
differentiation in an all-or-none fashion to a specific cell-type chosen among
more than 2 possible outcomes. bHLH dimerisation networks can readily display
coexistence of many antagonistic factors when competition is low (a simple
characterisation is derived). Decision-making can be forced by a transient
increase in competition, which could correspond to some unexplained
experimental observations related to Id proteins; the speed of response varies
with the initial conditions the network is subjected to, which could explain
some aspects of cell behaviour upon reprogramming. The coexistence of
antagonistic factors at low levels, early in the differentiation process or in
pluripotent stem cells, could be an intrinsic property of the interaction
between those factors, not requiring a specific regulatory system.


  We report low-temperature specific heat measurements for high-quality single
crystalline KFe2As2 (T_c about 3.5 K). The investigated zero-field specific
heat data yields an unusually large nominal Sommerfeld coefficient gamma_n of
94(3) mJ/mol K^2 which is however significantly affected by extrinsic
contributions as evidenced by a sizable residual linear specific heat and
various theoretical considerations including also an analysis of Kadowaki-Woods
relations. Then KFe2As2 should be classified as a weak to intermediately strong
coupling superconductor with a total electron-boson coupling constant
lambda_tot near 1 (including a calculated weak electron-phonon coupling
constant of lambda_el-ph =0.17. From specific heat and ac susceptibility
studies in external magnetic fields the magnetic phase diagram has been
constructed. We confirm the high anisotropy of the upper critical fields
B_c2(T) ranging from a factor of 5 near T_c to a slightly reduced value
approaching T=0 for fields B || ab$ and || c and show that their ratio Gamma
slightly exceeds the mass anisotropy of 4.35 derived from our full-relativistic
LDA-band structure calculations. Its slight reduction when approaching T=0 is
not a consequence of Pauli-limiting as in less perfect samples but point likely
to a multiband effect. We also report irreversibility field data obtained from
ac susceptibility measurements. The double-maximum in the T-dependence of its
imaginary part for fields B || c indicates a peak-effect in the T-dependence of
critical currents.