  In this article we study the bivariate truncated moment problem (TMP) of
degree $2k$ on the union of parallel lines. First we present an alternative
proof of Fialkow's solution \cite{Fia15} to the TMP on the union of two
parallel lines (TMP--2pl) using the solution of the truncated Hamburger moment
problem (THMP). We add a new equivalent solvability condition, which is then
used together with the THMP, to solve the TMP on the union of three parallel
lines (TMP--3pl), our second main result of the article. Finally, we establish
a sufficient condition for the existence of a solution to the TMP on the union
of $n$ parallel lines in the pure case, i.e.\ when the moment matrix $M_k$ is
of the highest possible rank, or equivalently the only column relations come
from the union of $n$ lines. The condition is based on the feasibility of a
certain linear matrix inequality, corresponding to the extension of $M_k$ by
adding rows and columns indexed by some monomials of degree $k+1$. The proof is
by induction on $n$, where $n\geq 2$ and for the base of induction $n=2$ we use
the solution of the TMP--2pl.


  This paper presents the mechanical design of a distal scanner to perform a
spiral scan for mosaic-imaging with a confocal microlaparoscope. First, it is
demonstrated with ex vivo experiments that a spiral scan performs better than a
raster scan on soft tissue. Then a mechanical design is developed in order to
perform the spiral scan. The design in this paper is based on a conic structure
with a particular curved surface. The mechanism is simple to implement and to
drive; therefore, it is a low-cost solution. A 5:1 scale prototype is
implemented by rapid prototyping and the requirements are validated by
experiments. The experiments include manual and motor drive of the system. The
manual drive demonstrates the resulting spiral motion by drawing the tip
trajectory with an attached pencil. The motor drive demonstrates the speed
control of the system with an analysis of video thread capturing the trajectory
of a laser beam emitted from the tip.


  The Heavy Quark Effective Theory provides a systematic method to estimate a
mixing angle of hadron states in a heavy quark, such as the charm quark (c) and
the bottom quark (b). By using this method, the mixing angle of the baryons
$\varXi_Q-\varXi_Q'$ can be estimated. It is found that the mixing angle
between $\varXi_Q$ and $\varXi_Q'$ is given by $\theta_b = 4.51^{\circ} \pm
0.79 ^{\circ}$ for $Q = b$ case and $\theta_c = 8.12^{\circ} \pm 0.80 ^{\circ}$
for $Q = c$ case.


  We have recently observed that hadron triangle singularities, that can mock
new exotic hadrons, can be significanttly suppressed in relativistic heavy ion
collisions, provided two conditions are met: these are, first, that the
fireball lives long enough so that the triangle process has enough time to
complete in the Norton-Coleman classical sense, and second, that the mass
and/or width of the particles in the triangle diagram are sufficiently modified
from their vacuum values. Here we add a very interesting example to the canon,
which is $Y(4260) \to D_1 D \to \pi D^* D \to \pi + J/\psi \pi$. This reaction
has been proposed as a mechanism to explain the appearance of $Z_c(3900)$ in
the $J/\psi \pi$ spectrum. If the two muons and two pions reconstructing the
initial-state $Y$ can be isolated from the combinatorial background, then the
mechanism can provide a spectroscopy test: presence of $Y(4260)$ but absence of
$Z_c(3900)$ would be more indicative of such triangle mechanism, while presence
of both would rather point out to $Z_c$ being an exotic hadron.


  In this paper we study interactive "one-shot" analogues of the classical
Slepian-Wolf theorem. Alice receives a value of a random variable $X$, Bob
receives a value of another random variable $Y$ that is jointly distributed
with $X$. Alice's goal is to transmit $X$ to Bob (with some error probability
$\varepsilon$). Instead of one-way transmission, which is studied in the
classical coding theory, we allow them to interact. They may also use shared
randomness.
  We show, that Alice can transmit $X$ to Bob in expected $H(X|Y) +
2\sqrt{H(X|Y)} + O(\log_2\left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right))$ number of bits.
Moreover, we show that every one-round protocol $\pi$ with information
complexity $I$ can be compressed to the (many-round) protocol with expected
communication about $I + 2\sqrt{I}$ bits. This improves a result by Braverman
and Rao \cite{braverman2011information}, where they had $5\sqrt{I}$. Further,
we show how to solve this problem (transmitting $X$) using $3H(X|Y) +
O(\log_2\left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right))$ bits and $4$ rounds on average.
This improves a result of~\cite{brody2013towards}, where they had $4H(X|Y) +
O(\log1/\varepsilon)$ bits and 10 rounds on average.
  In the end of the paper we discuss how many bits Alice and Bob may need to
communicate on average besides $H(X|Y)$. The main question is whether the upper
bounds mentioned above are tight. We provide an example of $(X, Y)$, such that
transmission of $X$ from Alice to Bob with error probability $\varepsilon$
requires $H(X|Y) + \Omega\left(\log_2\left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)$
bits on average.


  Light interacts differently with left and right handed three dimensional
chiral objects, like helices, and this leads to the phenomenon known as optical
activity. Here, by applying a polarization tomography, we show experimentally,
for the first time in the visible domain, that chirality has a different
optical manifestation for twisted planar nanostructured metallic objects acting
as isolated chiral metaobjects. Our analysis demonstrate how surface plasmons,
which are lossy bidimensional electromagnetic waves propagating on top of the
structure, can delocalize light information in the just precise way for giving
rise to this subtle effect.


  An algorithm to obtain equations between theta functions with integral
characteristics evaluated at $\tau$ and $p\tau$ for $g>1$ is presented.


  A polyhedron in a three-dimensional hyperbolic space is said to be
generalized if finite, ideal and truncated vertices are admitted. In virtue of
Belletti's theorem (2021) the exact upper bound for volumes of generalized
hyperbolic polyhedra with the same one-dimensional skeleton $G$ is equal to the
volume of an ideal right-angled hyperbolic polyhedron whose one-dimensional
skeleton is the medial graph for $G$. In the present paper we give the upper
bounds for the volume of an arbitrary generalized hyperbolic polyhedron, where
the bonds linearly depend on the number of edges. Moreover, it is shown that
the bounds can be improved if the polyhedron has triangular faces and trivalent
vertices. As an application there are obtained new upper bounds for the volume
of the complement to the hyperbolic link having more than eight twists in a
diagram.


  In this paper, we mainly consider the global solvability of smooth solutions
for the Cauchy problem of the three-dimensional Landau-Lifshitz-Slonczewski
equation in the Morrey space. We derive the covariant complex Ginzburg-Landau
equation by using moving frames to address the nonlinear parts. Applying the
semigroup estimates and energy methods, we extend local classical solutions to
global solutions and prove the boundedness of
$\|\nabla\boldsymbol{m}\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{3})}$, where $\boldsymbol{m}$
is the magnetic intensity. Moreover, we obtain a global weak solution by using
an approximation result and improve the regularity of the obtained solution by
the regularity theory. Finally, we establish the existence and uniqueness of
global smooth solutions under some conditions on $\nabla\boldsymbol{m}_{0}$ and
the density of the spin-polarized current.


  Enhanced fluctuations and correlations have been observed in the phase
transitions of many systems. Their appearance at the predicted QCD phase
transition (especially near the expected critical point) may provide insight
into the nature of the phase transition. Recent results from the QCD Critical
Point Search at RHIC will be presented, with a focus on particle ratio
($K/\pi$, $p/\pi$, and $K/p$) fluctuations and their comparison to previous
measurements and theoretical predictions.


  The CXOCY J220132.8-320144 system consists of an edge-on spiral galaxy
lensing a background quasar into two bright images. Previous efforts to
constrain the mass distribution in the galaxy have suggested that at least one
additional image must be present (Castander et al. 2006). These extra images
may be hidden behind the disk which features a prominent dust lane. We present
and analyze Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the system. We do not
detect any extra images, but the observations further narrow the observable
parameters of the lens system. We explore a range of models to describe the
mass distribution in the system and find that a variety of acceptable model
fits exist. All plausible models require 2 magnitudes of dust extinction in
order to obscure extra images from detection, and some models may require an
offset between the center of the galaxy and the center of the dark matter halo
of 1 kiloparsec. Currently unobserved images will be detectable by future James
Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations and will provide strict constraints on
the fraction of mass in the disk.


  Nowadays, it becomes a common practice to capture some data of sports games
with devices such as GPS sensors and cameras and then use the data to perform
various analyses on sports games, including tactics discovery, similar game
retrieval, performance study, etc. While this practice has been conducted to
many sports such as basketball and soccer, it remains largely unexplored on the
billiards sports, which is mainly due to the lack of publicly available
datasets. Motivated by this, we collect a dataset of billiards sports, which
includes the layouts (i.e., locations) of billiards balls after performing
break shots, called break shot layouts, the traces of the balls as a result of
strikes (in the form of trajectories), and detailed statistics and performance
indicators. We then study and develop techniques for three tasks on the
collected dataset, including (1) prediction and (2) generation on the layouts
data, and (3) similar billiards layout retrieval on the layouts data, which can
serve different users such as coaches, players and fans. We conduct extensive
experiments on the collected dataset and the results show that our methods
perform effectively and efficiently.


  These notes appeared as a summary during the initial acquaintance with the
structure and properties of spatio-temporal optical vortices (STOV), as these
are presented in the current literature. The general approach to the STOV
description and characterization is based on the model of scalar paraxial
Gaussian wave packet. On this ground, the STOV structures of arbitrary orders
are considered as superpositions of spatio-temporal Hermite-Gaussian modes.
This representation enables the direct and physically meaningful
characterization of the STOV amplitude and phase distributions, their evolution
upon free propagation and in optical systems, internal energy flows and the
orbital angular momentum. The topologically determined asymmetry and the
difference between the "energy center" and "probability center" [Phys. Rev. A
107, L031501 (2023)] is discussed and qualitatively interpreted. Methods for
the STOV generation and diagnostics are outlined, and the main properties of
non-Gaussian (Bessel-type) STOVs are briefly described. The notes may be useful
as initial introduction to the STOV-associated ideas and their extraordinary
properties.


  The cubic non-linear Schr\"odinger equation where the coefficient of the
nonlinear term is a function $F(t,x)$ only passes the Painlev\'e test of Weiss,
Tabor, and Carnevale only for $F=(a+bt)^{-1}$, where $a$ and $b$ are constants.
This is explained by transforming the time-dependent system into the
constant-coefficient NLS by means of a time-dependent non-linear
transformation, related to the conformal properties of non-relativistic
space-time. A similar argument explains the integrability of the NLS in a
uniform force field or in an oscillator background.


  We present a simple and transparent method to study custodial symmetry in the
Two-Higgs-Doublet Model. The method allows to formulate the basis independent,
sufficient and necessary, conditions for the custodial symmetry of the scalar
potential. The relation between the custodial transformation and CP is
discussed and clarified.


  Single-particle entangled states (SPES) can offer a more secure way of
encoding and processing quantum information than their multi-particle
counterparts. The SPES generated via a 2D alternate quantum-walk setup from
initially separable states can be either 3-way or 2-way entangled. This letter
shows that the generated genuine three-way and nonlocal two-way SPES can be
used as cryptographic keys to securely encode two distinct messages
simultaneously. We detail the message encryption-decryption steps and show the
resilience of the 3-way and 2-way SPES-based cryptographic protocols against
eavesdropper attacks like intercept-and-resend and man-in-the-middle. We also
detail how these protocols can be experimentally realized using single photons,
with the three degrees of freedom being OAM, path, and polarization. These have
unparalleled security for quantum communication tasks. The ability to
simultaneously encode two distinct messages using the generated SPES showcases
the versatility and efficiency of the proposed cryptographic protocol. This
capability could significantly improve the throughput of quantum communication
systems.


  We propose a fast, simple and robust algorithm for computing shortest paths
and distances on Riemannian manifolds learned from data. This amounts to
solving a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) subject to boundary
conditions. Here standard solvers perform poorly because they require
well-behaved Jacobians of the ODE, and usually, manifolds learned from data
imply unstable and ill-conditioned Jacobians. Instead, we propose a fixed-point
iteration scheme for solving the ODE that avoids Jacobians. This enhances the
stability of the solver, while reduces the computational cost. In experiments
involving both Riemannian metric learning and deep generative models we
demonstrate significant improvements in speed and stability over both
general-purpose state-of-the-art solvers as well as over specialized solvers.


  Let $R$ be an integral domain, $Star(R)$ the set of all star operations on
$R$ and $StarFC(R)$ the set of all star operations of finite type on $R$. Then
$R$ is said to be star regular if $|Star(T)|\leq |Star(R)|$ for every overring
$T$ of $R$. In this paper we introduce the notion of finitely star regular
domain as an integral domain $R$ such that $|StarFC(T)|\leq |StarFC(R)|$ for
each overring $T$ of $R$. First, we show that the notions of star regular and
finitely star regular domains are completely different and do not imply each
other. Next, we extend/generalize well-known results on star regularity in
Noetherian and Pr\"ufer contexts to finitely star regularity. Also we handle
the finite star regular domains issued from classical pullback constructions to
construct finitely star regular domains that are not star regular and enriches
the literature with a such class of domains.


  Diagonalization of a large matrix is the computational bottleneck in many
applications such as electronic structure calculations. We show that a speedup
of over 30% can be achieved by exploiting 32-bit floating point operations,
while keeping 64-bit accuracy. Moreover, most of the computationally expensive
operations are performed by level-3 BLAS/LAPACK routines in our implementation,
thus leading to optimal performance on most platforms. Further improvement can
be made by using problem-specific preconditioners which take into account
nondiagonal elements.


  As a model of more general contour integration problems we consider the
numerical calculation of high-order derivatives of holomorphic functions using
Cauchy's integral formula. Bornemann (2011) showed that the condition number of
the Cauchy integral strongly depends on the chosen contour and solved the
problem of minimizing the condition number for circular contours. In this paper
we minimize the condition number within the class of grid paths of step size h
using Provan's algorithm for finding a shortest enclosing walk in weighted
graphs embedded in the plane. Numerical examples show that optimal rectangular
paths yield small condition numbers even in those cases where circular contours
are known to be of limited use, such as for functions with branch-cut
singularities.


  We address the issues raised in [R. Tadmor et al., Langmuir 2020, 36,
475-476]. In particular, we explain why we did not use Tadmor's theory to
explain our results.


  We discuss the applicability of the pseudopotential-like self-interaction
correction (pSIC) to the study of defect energetics and electronic structure of
In2O3. Our results predict that substitutional (at oxygen sites) and
interstitial (at antibonding positions) hydrogen, as well as oxygen vacancies
with charges +1 and +2, are stable configurations of defects in cubic In2O3;
the former form shallow levels (only as substitutional defects), whereas the
latter form deep levels. The band structure calculated with the pSIC shows an
excellent agreement with experimental data. In particular, the gap for
defect-free In2O3 is 2.85 eV, which compares fairly with the experimental range
2.3-2.9 eV. The pSIC results also point to a change from indirect to direct
gaps depending on doping. In relation to the optical properties, obtained
within the random phase approximation, it is shown that they are mostly
affected by the presence of oxygen vacancies.


  We provide an efficient method of blowing up to compute leading order
contributions of the recently introduced stringy canonical forms. The method is
related to the well-known Hironaka's polyhedra game, and the given algorithm is
also useful on similar problems, e.g. sector decomposition.


  The full exploitation of scholarly repositories is pivotal in modern Open
Science, and scholarly repository registries are kingpins in enabling
researchers and research infrastructures to list and search for suitable
repositories. However, since multiple registries exist, repository managers are
keen on registering multiple times the repositories they manage to maximise
their traction and visibility across different research communities,
disciplines, and applications. These multiple registrations ultimately lead to
information fragmentation and redundancy on the one hand and, on the other,
force registries' users to juggle multiple registries, profiles and identifiers
describing the same repository. Such problems are known to registries, which
claim equivalence between repository profiles whenever possible by
cross-referencing their identifiers across different registries. However, as we
will see, this ``claim set'' is far from complete and, therefore, many replicas
slip under the radar, possibly creating problems downstream. In this work, we
combine such claims to create duplicate sets and extend them with the results
of an automated clustering algorithm run over repository metadata descriptions.
Then we manually validate our results to produce an ``as accurate as possible''
de-duplicated dataset of scholarly repositories.


  Large Language Models (LLMs) for code have gained significant attention
recently. They can generate code in different programming languages based on
provided prompts, fulfilling a long-lasting dream in Software Engineering (SE),
i.e., automatic code generation. Similar to human-written code, LLM-generated
code is prone to bugs, and these bugs have not yet been thoroughly examined by
the community. Given the increasing adoption of LLM-based code generation tools
(e.g., GitHub Copilot) in SE activities, it is critical to understand the
characteristics of bugs contained in code generated by LLMs. This paper
examines a sample of 333 bugs collected from code generated using three leading
LLMs (i.e., CodeGen, PanGu-Coder, and Codex) and identifies the following 10
distinctive bug patterns: Misinterpretations, Syntax Error, Silly Mistake,
Prompt-biased code, Missing Corner Case, Wrong Input Type, Hallucinated Object,
Wrong Attribute, Incomplete Generation, and Non-Prompted Consideration. The bug
patterns are presented in the form of a taxonomy. The identified bug patterns
are validated using an online survey with 34 LLM practitioners and researchers.
The surveyed participants generally asserted the significance and prevalence of
the bug patterns. Researchers and practitioners can leverage these findings to
develop effective quality assurance techniques for LLM-generated code. This
study sheds light on the distinctive characteristics of LLM-generated code.


  We consider the solution of the equation of motion of a classical/quantum
spin subject to a monochromatical, elliptically polarized external field. The
classical Rabi problem can be reduced to third order differential equations
with polynomial coefficients and hence solved in terms of power series in close
analogy to the confluent Heun equation occurring for linear polarization.
Application of Floquet theory yields the physically interesting quasienergy as
a function of the parameters of the problem and expressions for the
Bloch-Siegert shift of resonance frequencies. Various limit cases cases have
been thoroughly investigated.


  Let $\F$ be a non-Archimedean locally compact field, $q$ be the cardinality
of its residue field, and $\R$ be an algebraically closed field of
characteristic $\ell$ not dividing $q$.We classify all irredu\-cible smooth
$\R$-representations of $\GL\_n(\F)$ having a nonzero
$\GL\_{n-1}(\F)$-inva\-riant linear form, when $q$ is not congruent to $1$ mod
$\ell$.Partial results in the case when $q$ is $1$ mod $\ell$ show that, unlike
the complex case, the space of $\GL\_{n-1}(\F)$-invariant linear forms has
dimension $2$ for certain irreducible representations.


  We discuss some philosophical, methodological and practical problems
concerning the use of the test-negative design for COVID-19 vaccines. These
problems limit the use of this design considerably.


  I present a technique for measuring the broken phase sphaleron rate
nonperturbatively. There are three parts to the calculation: determination of
the probability distribution of Chern-Simons number NCS; measurement of <|
d\NCS/dt |> at NCS=1/2, the mean rate of change of NCS at the barrier; and
measurement of the ``dynamical prefactor,'' the fraction of barrier crossings
which result in a permanent integer change in NCS.


  Utilizing an extended two-flavor Nambu-Jona Lasinio (NJL) model, we review
some of the effects of external magnetic fields on two-flavor color
superconducting phase (2SC) at moderate baryon densities in the QCD phase
diagram. The effective action of the extended NJL model consists of two mass
gaps as functions of three intensive quantities, the temperature, the quark
chemical potential and the external magnetic field. The nonzero values of the
mass gaps, chiral and diquark condensates, induce spontaneous chiral and color
symmetry breaking, respectively, and as a result two different phases of quark
matter appear. We find the transition curves between these phases as well as
the critical points in the QCD phase diagram in terms of the intensive
quantities. Imposing a constant strong magnetic field on these two phases, we
show that the mass gaps increase with the magnetic field and the symmetry
breaking region in the QCD phase diagram expands even to the larger values of
temperature and quark chemical potential. This phenomenon is a consequence of
the magnetic catalysis of dynamical symmetry breaking, which is proven before.


  We propose a focusing method of intense midair ultrasound out of ultrasonic
emission from a single flexurally vibrating square plate partially covered with
a purposely designed amplitude mask. Many applications relying on nonlinear
acoustic effects, such as radiation force employed in acoustic levitation, have
been devised. For those applications, focused intense airborne ultrasound is
conventionally formed using phased arrays of transducers or sound sources with
specific fabricated shapes. However, the former strategies are considerably
costly, and the latter may require minute three-dimensional fabrication
processes, which both hinder their utility, especially for the construction of
a large ultrasound emitting aperture. Our method offers a possible solution for
this, where the amplitude masks are designed in a fashion similar to the
Freznel-zone-plate designing, but according to the positions of nodes and
antinodes of the vibrating plate that are measured beforehand.
  We experimentally demonstrate the successful formation of midair ultrasound
focus at a desired position. Our method only requires a monolithic plate, a
driving transducer under the plate, and an amplitude mask fabricated out of
laser machining processes of an acrylic plate. Magnification of the spatial
scale of ultrasound apertures based on our method is much more readily and
affordably achieved than conventional methods, which will lead to new midair
ultrasound applications with the whole room workspace.


  Decentralized learning involves training machine learning models over remote
mobile devices, edge servers, or cloud servers while keeping data localized.
Even though many studies have shown the feasibility of preserving privacy,
enhancing training performance or introducing Byzantine resilience, but none of
them simultaneously considers all of them. Therefore we face the following
problem: \textit{how can we efficiently coordinate the decentralized learning
process while simultaneously maintaining learning security and data privacy?}
To address this issue, in this paper we propose SPDL, a blockchain-secured and
privacy-preserving decentralized learning scheme. SPDL integrates blockchain,
Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) consensus, BFT Gradients Aggregation Rule (GAR),
and differential privacy seamlessly into one system, ensuring efficient machine
learning while maintaining data privacy, Byzantine fault tolerance,
transparency, and traceability. To validate our scheme, we provide rigorous
analysis on convergence and regret in the presence of Byzantine nodes. We also
build a SPDL prototype and conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate that
SPDL is effective and efficient with strong security and privacy guarantees.


  We derive the explicit formula for the inverse of zeta matrix for any graded
posets with the finite set of minimal elements . The combinatorial
interpretation of this result is given. For that to do special number theoretic
code triangles for graded posets are proposed and apart from the present author
combinatorial interpretation of $F-nomial$ coefficients another one is proposed
referring to the number of all maximal chains in the corresponding poset
intervals.


  The athletic achievements of African athletes in global running championships
have long been subject to scientific and sociological inquiry. During the
1990s, a popular narrative emerged, suggesting that West African lineage
conferred inherent sprinting advantages, and that North, South and East
African's are specialized for longer distances. Part and parcel to this
narrative was the enthusiastic belief that it would very soon be substantiated
by a genotyping revolution that would enable prognostication of individual
athletic potential. We revisit this hypothesis in the post-genomic era. First,
we compare the global running records used to generate the racialist hypotheses
with performances over the last twenty years (2004- 2023). Focusing on the 100m
reveals intriguing trends, including the ascendancy of Jamaica as a sprint
powerhouse and the elevation of South African and East Asian sprinters to the
global stage, a direct challenge to the racialist paradigm. In line with an
in-depth analysis of the influences on elite runners, we build a regression
model to predict 100m performance based on environmental and psychological
factors. Next, we direct our attention to 1500m, where the last two British
champions have been part of a European resurgence that has not been seen in
decades. Examining three different time periods, we identify a thirty year
national slowdown (1989-2018). Adapting our model to this time period reveals
striking evidence that racial perception has greater impact on performance than
racial physiology. Synthesizing these findings, we introduce a psychocultural
hypothesis, positing that interactions between racial perceptions and social
dynamics shape the global distribution of running performance. We contrast this
hypothesis with the racialist paradigm and propose extending it beyond sport
where it offers insight across many domains.


  We investigate the possibility of deriving metric trace semantics in a
coalgebraic framework. First, we generalize a technique for systematically
lifting functors from the category Set of sets to the category PMet of
pseudometric spaces, showing under which conditions also natural
transformations, monads and distributive laws can be lifted. By exploiting some
recent work on an abstract determinization, these results enable the derivation
of trace metrics starting from coalgebras in Set. More precisely, for a
coalgebra on Set we determinize it, thus obtaining a coalgebra in the
Eilenberg-Moore category of a monad. When the monad can be lifted to PMet, we
can equip the final coalgebra with a behavioral distance. The trace distance
between two states of the original coalgebra is the distance between their
images in the determinized coalgebra through the unit of the monad. We show how
our framework applies to nondeterministic automata and probabilistic automata.


  We explore the dynamics of l_1-norm of steered quantum coherence (SQC),
steered quantum relative entropy (SQRE), and magic resource quantifier (QRM) in
the one-dimensional XY spin chain in the presence of time dependent transverse
magnetic field. We find that the system's response is highly sensitive to the
initial state and magnetic field strength. % We show that the dynamics of SQC,
SQRE and MRQ revealing the critical point associated with equilibrium quantum
phase transition (QPT) of the system. All quantities show maximum at QPT when
the initial state is prepared in the ferromagnetic phase. Conversely, they
undergo abrupt changes at quantum critical point if the initial state of the
system is paramagnetic. Moreover, our results confirm that, when quench is done
to the quantum critical point, the first suppression (revival) time scales
linearly with the system size, and remarkably, its scaling ratio remains
consistent for all quenches, irrespective of the initial phase of the system. %
These results highlight the interplay between the quantum information resources
and dynamics of quantum systems away from the equilibrium. Such insights could
be vital for quantum information processing and understanding non-equilibrium
phenomena in quantum many-body systems.


  We calculate the simultaneous double-soft limit of two massless closed
strings scattering with any number of closed string tachyons to the subleading
order at the tree level. The limit factorizes the scattering amplitude into a
double-soft factor multiplying the pure tachyon subamplitude, suggesting a
universal double-soft theorem for the massless closed string. We confirm an
existing result for the double-soft graviton in an on-shell equivalent, but
different form, while also establishing the double-soft factorization behavior
of the string dilaton and of the Kalb-Ramond state, as well as the mixed
graviton-dilaton case. We also show that the simultaneous and consecutive
double-soft theorems are consistent with each other. We furthermore provide a
complete field theory diagrammatic view on our result, which enables us in
particular to establish a four-point interaction vertex for two tachyons and
two massless closed string states, as well as the missing in field theory of
three-point interaction of two massless closed string state and one tachyon.


  Roles of turbulence in the context of magnetic reconnection are investigated
with special emphasis on the mutual interaction between flow (large-scale
inhomogeneous structure) and turbulence. In order to evaluate the effective
transport due to turbulence, in addition to the {\it intensity} information of
turbulence represented by the turbulent energy, the {\it structure} information
represented by pseudoscalar statistical quantities (helicities) is important.
On the basis of the evolution equation, mechanisms that provide turbulence with
cross helicity are presented. Magnetic-flux freezing in highly turbulent media
is considered with special emphasis on the spatial distribution of the
turbulent cross helicity. The cross-helicity effects in the context of magnetic
reconnection are also investigated. It is shown that the large-scale flow and
magnetic-field configurations favorable for the cross-helicity generation is
compatible with the fast reconnection. In this sense, turbulence and
large-scale structures promote magnetic reconnection mediated by the turbulent
cross helicity.


  The evolution of galaxies is influenced by many physical processes which may
vary depending on their environment. We combine Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
and Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) data of galaxies at 0.25<z<1.5 to
probe the impact of environment on the size-mass relation, the Main Sequence
(MS) and the Tully-Fisher relation (TFR).
  We perform a morpho-kinematic modelling of 593 [Oii] emitters in various
environments in the COSMOS area from the MUSE-gAlaxy Groups In Cosmos (MAGIC)
survey. The HST F814W images are modelled with a bulge-disk decomposition to
estimate their bulge-disk ratio, effective radius and disk inclination. We use
the [Oii]{\lambda}{\lambda}3727, 3729 doublet to extract the ionised gas
kinematic maps from the MUSE cubes, and we model them for a sample of 146 [Oii]
emitters, with bulge and disk components constrained from morphology and a dark
matter halo.
  We find an offset of 0.03 dex on the size-mass relation zero point between
the field and the large structure subsamples, with a richness threshold of N=10
to separate between small and large structures, and of 0.06 dex with N=20.
Similarly, we find a 0.1 dex difference on the MS with N=10 and 0.15 dex with
N=20. These results suggest that galaxies in massive structures are smaller by
14% and have star formation rates reduced by a factor of 1.3-1.5 with respect
to field galaxies at z=0.7. Finally, we do not find any impact of the
environment on the TFR, except when using N=20 with an offset of 0.04 dex. We
discard the effect of quenching for the largest structures that would lead to
an offset in the opposite direction. We find that, at z=0.7, if quenching
impacts the mass budget of galaxies in structures, these galaxies would have
been affected quite recently, for roughly 0.7-1.5 Gyr. This result holds when
including the gas mass, but vanishes once we include the asymmetric drift
correction.


  Particle accelerators generate charged-particle beams with tailored
distributions in six-dimensional position-momentum space (phase space).
Knowledge of the phase space distribution enables model-based beam optimization
and control. In the absence of direct measurements, the distribution must be
tomographically reconstructed from its projections. In this paper, we highlight
that such problems can be severely underdetermined and that entropy
maximization is the most conservative solution strategy. We leverage
normalizing flows -- invertible generative models -- to extend maximum-entropy
tomography to six-dimensional phase space and perform numerical experiments to
validate the model's performance. Our numerical experiments demonstrate
consistency with exact two-dimensional maximum-entropy solutions and the
ability to fit complicated six-dimensional distributions to large measurement
sets in reasonable time.


  Context. Important information on the evolution of the jet can be obtained by
comparing the physical state of the plasma at its propagation through the
broad-line region (where the jet is most likely formed) into the intergalactic
medium, where it starts to significantly decelerate. Aims. We compare the
constraints on the physical parameters in the innermost ($\leq$ pc) and outer
($\geq$ kpc) regions of the 3C 120 jet by means of a detailed multiwavelength
analysis and theoretical modeling of their broadband spectra. Methods.The data
collected by Fermi LAT, Swift and Chandra are analyzed together and the
spectral energy distributions are modeled using a leptonic synchrotron and
inverse Compton model, taking into account the seed photons originating inside
and outside of the jet. The model parameters are estimated using the MCMC
method. Results. The $\gamma$-ray flux from the inner jet of 3C 120 was
characterized by rapid variation from MJD 56900 to MJD 57300. Two strong flares
were observed on April 24, 2015 when, within 19.0 minutes and 3.15 hours the
flux was as high as $(7.46\pm1.56)\times10^{-6}photon\:cm^{-2}\:s^{-1}$ and
$(4.71\pm0.92)\times10^{-6}photon\:cm^{-2}\:s^{-1}$ respectively. The broadband
emission in the quiet and flaring states can be described as SSC emission while
IC scattering of dusty torus photons cannot be excluded for the flaring states.
The X-ray emission from the knots can be well reproduced by IC scattering of
CMB photons only if the jet is highly relativistic (since even when $\delta=10$
still $U_{\rm e}/U_B\geq80$). These extreme requirements can be somewhat
softened assuming the X-rays are from the synchrotron emission of a second
population of very-high-energy electrons. Conclusions. We found that the jet
power estimated at two scales is consistent, suggesting that the jet does not
suffer severe dissipation, it simply becomes radiatively inefficient.


  We compute the three loop $\beta$ function of the Wess-Zumino model to
motivate implicit regularization (IR) as a consistent and practical
momentum-space framework to study supersymmetric quantum field theories. In
this framework which works essentially in the physical dimension of the theory
we show that ultraviolet are clearly disantangled from infrared divergences. We
obtain consistent results which motivate the method as a good choice to study
supersymmetry anomalies in quantum field theories.


  Recently, Tarokh and others have raised the possibility that a cognitive
radio might know the interference signal being transmitted by a strong primary
user in a non-causal way, and use this knowledge to increase its data rates.
However, there is a subtle difference between knowing the signal transmitted by
the primary and the actual interference at our receiver since there is a
wireless channel between these two points. We show that even an unknown phase
results in a substantial decrease in the data rates that can be achieved, and
thus there is a need to feedback interference channel estimates to the
cognitive transmitter. We then consider the case of fading channels. We derive
an upper bound on the rate for given outage error probability for faded dirt.
We give a scheme that uses appropriate "training" to obtain such estimates and
quantify this scheme's required overhead as a function of the relevant
coherence time and interference power.


  The relativistic Lagrangian in presence of potentials was formulated directly
from the metric, with the classical Lagrangian shown embedded within it. Using
it we formulated covariant equations of motion, a deformed Euler-Lagrange
equation, and relativistic Hamiltonian mechanics. We also formulate a modified
local Lorentz transformation, such that the metric at a point is invariant only
under the transformation defined at that point, and derive the formulae for
time-dilation, length contraction, and gravitational redshift. Then we compare
our formulation under non-relativistic approximations to the conventional
ad-hoc formulation, and we briefly analyze the relativistic Lienard oscillator
and the spacetime it implies.


  The effect of radiative heat transfer on the entropy generation in a
two-phase non-isothermal fluid flow between two infinite horizontal parallel
plates under the influence of a constant pressure gradient and transverse
non-invasive magnetic field have been explored. Both the fluids are considered
to be viscous, incompressible, immiscible, Newtonian, and electrically
conducting. The governing equations in Cartesian coordinate are solved
analytically with the help of appropriate boundary conditions to obtain the
velocity and temperature profile inside the channel. Application of transverse
magnetic field is found to reduce the throughput and the temperature
distribution of the fluids in a pressure-driven flow. The temperature and fluid
flow inside the channel can also be non-invasively altered by tuning the
magnetic field intensity, the temperature difference between the channel walls
and the fluids, and several intrinsic fluid properties. The entropy generation
due to the heat transfer, magnetic field, and fluid flow irreversibilities can
be controlled by altering the Hartmann number, radiation parameter, Brinkmann
number, filling ratio, and the ratios of fluid viscosities, thermal and
electrical conductivities. The surfaces of the channel wall are found to act as
a strong source of entropy generation and heat transfer irreversibility. The
rate of heat transfer at the channel walls can also be tweaked by the magnetic
field intensity, temperature differences, and fluid properties. The proposed
strategies in the present study can be of significance in the design and
development of gen-next microscale reactors, micro heat exchangers, and energy
harvesting devices.


  Dynamics of platicons caused by the third-order dispersion is studied. It is
shown that under the influence of the third-order dispersion platicons obtain
angular velocity depending both on dispersion and on detuning value. A method
of tuning of platicon associated optical frequency comb repetition rate is
proposed.


  It is well-known that principal chiral models and symmetric space models in
two-dimensional Minkowski space have an infinite-dimensional algebra of hidden
symmetries. Because of the relevance of symmetric space models to duality
symmetries in string theory, the hidden symmetries of these models are explored
in some detail. The string theory application requires including coupling to
gravity, supersymmetrization, and quantum effects. However, as a first step,
this paper only considers classical bosonic theories in flat space-time. Even
though the algebra of hidden symmetries of principal chiral models is confirmed
to include a Kac--Moody algebra (or a current algebra on a circle), it is
argued that a better interpretation is provided by a doubled current algebra on
a semi-circle (or line segment). Neither the circle nor the semi-circle bears
any apparent relationship to the physical space. For symmetric space models the
line segment viewpoint is shown to be essential, and special boundary
conditions need to be imposed at the ends. The algebra of hidden symmetries
also includes Virasoro-like generators. For both principal chiral models and
symmetric space models, the hidden symmetry stress tensor is singular at the
ends of the line segment.


  A group $G$ admits an \textbf{\em $n$-partite digraphical representation} if
there exists a regular $n$-partite digraph $\Gamma$ such that the automorphism
group $\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)$ of $\Gamma$ satisfies the following properties:
$\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)$ is isomorphic to $G$, $\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)$ acts
semiregularly on the vertices of $\Gamma$ and the orbits of
$\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)$ on the vertex set of $\Gamma$ form a partition into $n$
parts giving a structure of $n$-partite digraph to $\Gamma$.
  In this paper, for every positive integer $n$, we classify the finite groups
admitting an $n$-partite digraphical representation.


  ${\bf Aim:}$ To test the hypothesis that radiation pressure from star
clusters acting on dust is the dominant feedback agent disrupting the largest
star-forming molecular clouds and thus regulating the star-formation process.
${\bf Methods:}$ We perform multi-frequency, 3D, RT calculations including
scattering, absorption, and re-emission to longer wavelengths for clouds with
masses of $10^4$-$10^7\,$M$_{\odot}$, with embedded clusters and a star
formation efficiencies of 0.009%-91%, and varying maximum grain sizes up to
200$\,\mu$m. We calculate the ratio between radiative force and gravity to
determine whether radiation pressure can disrupt clouds. ${\bf Results:}$ We
find that radiation acting on dust almost never disrupts star-forming clouds.
UV and optical photons to which the cloud is optically thick do not scatter
much. Instead, they quickly get absorbed and re-emitted by at thermal
wavelengths. As the cloud is typically optically thin to far-IR radiation, it
promptly escapes, depositing little momentum. The resulting spectrum is more
narrowly peaked than the corresponding Planck function with an extended tail at
longer wavelengths. As the opacity drops significantly across the sub-mm and
mm, the resulting radiative force is even smaller than for the corresponding
single-temperature black body. The force from radiation pressure falls below
the strength of gravitational attraction by an order of magnitude or more for
either Milky Way or starbust conditions. For unrealistically large maximum
grain sizes, and star formation efficiencies far exceeding 50% do we find that
the strength of radiation pressure can exceed gravity. ${\bf Conclusions:}$ We
conclude that radiation pressure acting on dust does not disrupt star-forming
molecular clouds in any Local Group galaxies. Radiation pressure thus appears
unlikely to regulate the star-formation process on either local or global
scales.


  A study of the "horn" in the particle ratio $K^+/\pi^+$ for central heavy-ion
collisions as a function of the collision energy $\sqrt{s}$ is presented. We
analyse two different interpretations: the onset of deconfinement and the
transition from a baryon- to a meson-dominated hadron gas. We use a realistic
equation of state (EOS), which includes both hadron and quark
degrees-of-freedom. The Taub-adiabate procedure is followed to determine the
system at the early stage. Our results do not support an explanation of the
horn as due to the onset of deconfinement. Using only hadronic EOS we
reproduced the energy dependence of the $K^+/\pi^+$ and $\Lambda/\pi^-$ ratios
employing an experimental parametrisation of the freeze-out curve. We observe a
transition between a baryon- and a meson-dominated regime; however, the
reproduction of the $K^+/\pi^+$ and $\Lambda/\pi^-$ ratios as a function of
$\sqrt{s}$ is not completely satisfying. We finally propose a new idea for the
interpretation of the data, the roll-over scheme, in which the scalar meson
field $\sigma$ has not reached the thermal equilibrium at freeze-out. The
rool-over scheme for the equilibration of the $\sigma$-field is based on the
inflation mechanism. The non-equilibrium evolution of the scalar field
influences the particle production, e.g. $K^+/\pi^+$, however, the fixing of
the free parameters in this model is still an open issue.


  While the principal features of the exchange bias between a ferromagnet and
an antiferromagnet are believed to be understood, a quantitative description is
still lacking. We show that interface spin disorder is the main reason for the
discrepancy of model calculations versus experimental results. Taking into
account spin disorder at the interface between the ferromagnet and the
antiferromagnet by modifying the well known Meiklejohn and Bean model, an
almost perfect agreement can be reached. As an example this is demonstrated for
the CoFe/IrMn exchange biased bilayer by analyzing the azimuthal dependence of
magnetic hysteresis loops from MOKE measurements. Both, exchange bias and
coercive fields for the complete 360$^\circ$ angular range are reproduced by
our model.


  This paper reviews the recent progresses of the depth map generation for
dynamic scene and its corresponding computational models. This paper mainly
covers the homogeneous ambiguity models in depth sensing, resolution models in
depth processing, and consistency models in depth optimization. We also
summarize the future work in the depth map generation.


  Measurements of dijet cross sections for virtual photons are presented as a
function of $\xo$, the fraction of the virtual photon energy invested in the
production of the dijet system, using the ZEUS detector. Comparisons to QCD
predictions show that a resolved photon component is needed to describe the
data up to values of the photon virtuality comparable to the scale of the
interaction.


  Handling curved $ A_\infty $-deformations is challenging and defining their
derived categories seems impossible. In this paper, we show how to welcome the
curvature and build derived categories despite the apparent difficulties. We
explicitly describe their $ A_\infty $-structure by a deformed Kadeishvili
theorem.
  This paper starts with a review of $ A_\infty $-deformations for
non-specialists. We explain why $ A_\infty $-deformations require curvature and
why curvature supposedly causes problems. We prove that infinitesimally curved
$ A_\infty $-deformations are in fact non-problematic and provide the correct
definitions for their twisted completion and minimal model.
  The classical Kadeishvili theorem collapses for curved deformations. We show
how to adapt it by iteratively optimizing the curvature and changing the
homological splitting infinitesimally. The final $ A_\infty $-structure on the
minimal model is constructed in terms of trees.


  Euler gives a continued fraction representation of (1 + x)n. involving
1,3,5,7,... and n^2-1,n^2-4,n^3-9,... and squares of z, for x=2y and y=z/(1-z).
He evaluates this continued fraction at z=t sqrt(-1), for "vanishing" n, and
for infinite n and deduces a continued fraction for log, arctan, etc. The paper
is translated from Euler's Latin original into German.


  Recent data show a large difference of the genuine three-body Bose-Einstein
correlations in S-Pb collisions and in Pb-Pb central collisions being close to
zero in the first case and to one in the second one. These results, unexpected
from conventional approaches, are naturally explained by the percolation of
colour strings produced in the collisions and subsequent incoherent
fragmentation of the formed clusters.


  We study quark confinement in a system of two parallel domain walls
interpolating different color dielectric media. We use the phenomenological
approach in which the confinement of quarks appears considering the QCD vacuum
as a color dielectric medium. We explore this phenomenon in QCD_2, where the
confinement of the color flux between the domain walls manifests, in a scenario
where two 0-branes (representing external quark and antiquark) are connected by
a QCD string. We obtain solutions of the equations of motion via first-order
differential equations. We find a new color confining potential that increases
monotonically with the distance between the domain walls.


  We develop a model of an electrorheological fluid such that the fluid is
considered as an anisotropic one with the viscosity depending on the second
invariant of the rate of strain tensor, on the module of the vector of electric
field strength, and on the angle between the vectors of velocity and electric
field. We study general problems on the flow of such fluids at nonhomogeneous
mixed boundary conditions, wherein values of velocities and surface forces are
given on different parts of the boundary. We consider the cases where the
viscosity function is continuous and singular, equal to infinity, when the
second invariant of the rate of strain tensor is equal to zero. In the second
case the problem is reduced to a variational inequality. By using the methods
of a fixed point, monotonicity, and compactness, we prove existence results for
the problems under consideration. Some efficient methods for numerical solution
of the problems are examined.


  Recently several gravitational wave detections have shown evidence for
compact object mergers. However, the astrophysical origin of merging binaries
is not well understood. Stellar binaries are typically at much larger
separations than what is needed for the binaries to merge due to gravitational
wave emission, which leads to the so-called final AU problem. In this letter we
propose a new channel for mergers of compact object binaries which solves the
final AU problem. We examine the binary evolution following gas expansion due
to a weak failed supernova explosion, neutrino mass loss, core disturbance, or
envelope instability. In such situations the binary is possibly hardened by
ambient gas. We investigate the evolution of the binary system after a shock
has propagated by performing smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. We
find that significant binary hardening occurs when the gas mass bound to the
binary exceeds that of the compact objects. This mechanism represents a new
possibility for the pathway to mergers for gravitational wave events.


  One of the primary objectives of a distributed storage system is to reliably
store a large amount $dsize$ of source data for a long duration using a large
number $N$ of unreliable storage nodes, each with capacity $nsize$. The storage
overhead $\beta$ is the fraction of system capacity available beyond $dsize$,
i.e., $\beta = 1- \frac{dsize}{N \cdot nsize}$. Storage nodes fail randomly
over time and are replaced with initially empty nodes, and thus data is erased
from the system at an average rate $erate = \lambda \cdot N \cdot nsize$, where
$1/\lambda$ is the average lifetime of a node before failure. To maintain
recoverability of the source data, a repairer continually reads data over a
network from nodes at some average rate $rrate$, and generates and writes data
to nodes based on the read data. The main result is that, for any repairer, if
the source data is recoverable at each point in time then it must be the case
that $rrate \ge \frac{erate}{2 \cdot \beta}$ asymptotically as $N$ goes to
infinity and beta goes to zero. This inequality provides a fundamental lower
bound on the average rate that any repairer needs to read data from the system
in order to maintain recoverability of the source data.


  Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) communications are envisioned as a key technology for
sixth generation (6G) wireless systems. The study of underlying THz wireless
propagation channels provides the foundations for the development of reliable
THz communication systems and their applications. This article provides a
comprehensive overview of the study of THz wireless channels. First, the three
most popular THz channel measurement methodologies, namely, frequency-domain
channel measurement based on a vector network analyzer (VNA), time-domain
channel measurement based on sliding correlation, and time-domain channel
measurement based on THz pulses from time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), are
introduced and compared. Current channel measurement systems and measurement
campaigns are reviewed. Then, existing channel modeling methodologies are
categorized into deterministic, stochastic, and hybrid approaches.
State-of-the-art THz channel models are analyzed, and the channel simulators
that are based on them are introduced. Next, an in-depth review of channel
characteristics in the THz band is presented. Finally, open problems and future
research directions for research studies on THz wireless channels for 6G are
elaborated.


  The Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) is studied as a powerful tool to
detect hard or soft faults in star-shaped networks of nonuniform lossless
transmission lines. Processing the FDR measurements leads to solve an inverse
scattering problem for a Schrodinger operator on a star-shaped graph.
Throughout this paper, we restrict ourselves to the case of minimal
experimental setup corresponding to only one diagnostic port plug. First, by
studying the asymptotic behavior of the reflection coefficient in the
high-frequency limit, we prove the identifiability of the geometry of this
star-shaped graph: the number of edges and their lengths. The proof being
rather constructive, it provides a method to detect the hard faults in the
network. Next, we study the potential identification problem by inverse
scattering, noting that the potentials represent the inhomogeneities due to the
soft faults in the network wirings. Here, the main result states that the
measurement of two reflection coefficients, associated to two different sets of
boundary conditions at the extremities of the tree, determines uniquely the
potentials; it is a generalization of the theorem of the two boundary spectra
on an interval.


  In the paper is considered stairway-like design of quantum computer, i.e.,
array of double quantum dots or wells. The model is quite general to include
wide variety of physical systems from coupled quantum dots in experiments with
solid state qubits, to very complex one, like DNA molecule. At the same time it
is concrete enough, to describe main physical principles for implementation of
universal set of quantum gates, initialization, measurement, decoherence, etc.


  We propose a spectrum for a class of gauged non-compact G/Ad(H) WZNW models,
including spectrally flowed images of highest, lowest, and mixed extremal
weight modules. These are combined into blocks whose characters, due to the
Lorentzian signature of the target space, are divergent and treated as formal
expressions in need of regularisation. Assuming that this is possible, we show
that these extended characters transform linearly under modular
transformations, and can be used to write down modular invariant partition
functions.


  It has normally been assumed that primordial black holes (PBHs) always form
with mass approximately equal to the mass contained within the horizon at that
time. Recent work studying the application of critical phenomena in
gravitational collapse to PBH formation has shown that in fact, at a fixed
time, PBHs with a range of masses are formed. When calculating the PBH initial
mass function it is usually assumed that all PBHs form at the same horizon
mass. It is not clear, however, that it is consistent to consider the spread in
the mass of PBHs formed at a single horizon mass, whilst neglecting the range
of horizon masses at which PBHs can form. We use the excursion set formalism to
compute the PBH initial mass function, allowing for PBH formation at a range of
horizon masses, for two forms of the density perturbation spectrum. First we
examine power-law spectra with $n>1$, where PBHs form on small scales. We find
that, in the limit where the number of PBHs formed is small enough to satisfy
the observational constraints on their initial abundance, the mass function
approaches that found by Niemeyer and Jedamzik under the assumption that all
PBHs form at a single horizon mass. Second, we consider a flat perturbation
spectrum with a spike at a scale corresponding to horizon mass $\sim 0.5
M_{\odot}$, and compare the resulting PBH mass function with that of the MACHOs
(MAssive Compact Halo Objects) detected by microlensing observations. The
predicted mass spectrum appears significantly wider than the steeply-falling
spectrum found observationally.


  Heterogeneous information networks (HINs) are ubiquitous in real-world
applications. Due to the heterogeneity in HINs, the typed edges may not fully
align with each other. In order to capture the semantic subtlety, we propose
the concept of aspects with each aspect being a unit representing one
underlying semantic facet. Meanwhile, network embedding has emerged as a
powerful method for learning network representation, where the learned
embedding can be used as features in various downstream applications.
Therefore, we are motivated to propose a novel embedding learning
framework---AspEm---to preserve the semantic information in HINs based on
multiple aspects. Instead of preserving information of the network in one
semantic space, AspEm encapsulates information regarding each aspect
individually. In order to select aspects for embedding purpose, we further
devise a solution for AspEm based on dataset-wide statistics. To corroborate
the efficacy of AspEm, we conducted experiments on two real-words datasets with
two types of applications---classification and link prediction. Experiment
results demonstrate that AspEm can outperform baseline network embedding
learning methods by considering multiple aspects, where the aspects can be
selected from the given HIN in an unsupervised manner.


  The simple examples of spontaneous breaking of various symmetries for the
scalar theory with fundamental mass have been considered. Higgs generalizations
on "fundamental mass" were introduced into the theory on a basis of the
five-dimensional de Sitter space.


  We bound the condition number of the Jacobian in pseudo arclength
continuation problems, and we quantify the effect of this condition number on
the linear system solution in a Newton GMRES solve.
  In pseudo arclength continuation one repeatedly solves systems of nonlinear
equations $F(u(s),\lambda(s))=0$ for a real-valued function $u$ and a real
parameter $\lambda$, given different values of the arclength $s$. It is known
that the Jacobian $F_x$ of $F$ with respect to $x=(u,\lambda)$ is nonsingular,
if the path contains only regular points and simple fold singularities. We
introduce a new characterization of simple folds in terms of the singular value
decomposition, and we use it to derive a new bound for the norm of $F_x^{-1}$.
We also show that the convergence rate of GMRES in a Newton step for
$F(u(s),\lambda(s))=0$ is essentially the same as that of the original problem
$G(u,\lambda)=0$. In particular we prove that the bounds on the degrees of the
minimal polynomials of the Jacobians $F_x$ and $G_u$ differ by at most 2. We
illustrate the effectiveness of our bounds with an example from radiative
transfer theory.


  We formulate the theory of nearly autoparallel maps (generalizing conformal
transforms) of locally anisotropic spaces and define the nearly autoparallel
integration as the inverse operation to both covariant derivation and
deformation of connections by nearly autoparallel maps. By using this geometric
formalism we consider a variant of solution of the problem of formulation of
conservation laws for locally anisotropic gravity. We note that locally
anisotropic spases contain as particular cases various extensions of
Kaluza--Klein, generalized Lagrange and Finsler spaces.


  A novel approach to the problem of partial state estimation of nonlinear
systems is proposed. The main idea is to translate the state estimation problem
into one of estimation of constant, unknown parameters related to the systems
initial conditions. The class of systems for which the method is applicable is
identified via two assumptions related to the transformability of the system
into a suitable cascaded form and our ability to estimate the unknown
parameters. The first condition involves the solvability of a partial
differential equation while the second one requires some persistency of
excitation--like conditions. The proposed observer is shown to be applicable to
position estimation of a class of electromechanical systems, for the
reconstruction of the state of power converters and for speed observation of a
class of mechanical systems.


  We introduce and study a digraph analogue of Stanley's $\psi$-graphical
arrangements from the perspectives of combinatorics and freeness. Our
arrangements form a common generalization of various classes of arrangements in
literature including the Catalan arrangement, the Shi arrangement, the Ish
arrangement, and especially the arrangements interpolating between Shi and Ish
recently introduced by Duarte and Guedes de Oliveira. The arrangements between
Shi and Ish all are proved to have the same characteristic polynomial with all
integer roots, thus raising the natural question of their freeness. We define
two operations on digraphs, which we shall call king and coking elimination
operations and prove that subject to certain conditions on the weight $\psi$,
the operations preserve the characteristic polynomials and freeness of the
associated arrangements. As an application, we affirmatively prove that the
arrangements between Shi and Ish all are free, and among them only the Ish
arrangement has supersolvable cone.


  We investigate non-Abelian gauge theories within a Wilsonian Renormalisation
Group approach. The cut-off term inherent in this approach leads to a modified
Ward identity (mWI). It is shown that this mWI is compatible with the flow and
that the full effective action satisfies the usual Ward identity (WI). The
universal 1-loop beta-function is derived within this approach and the
extension to the 2-loop level is briefly outlined.


  We investigate the thermal Casimir-Polder (CP) potential of
\textsuperscript{87}Rb atoms in Rydberg $n$S-states near single- and
double-layer graphene. The dependence of the CP potential on parameters such as
atom-surface distance, temperature, principal quantum number $n$ and graphene
Fermi energy are explored. Through large scale numerical simulations, we show
that, in the non-retarded regime, the CP potential is dominated by the
non-resonant and evanescent-wave terms which are monotonic, and that, in the
retarded regime, the CP potential exhibits spatial oscillations. We identify
that the most important contributions to the resonant component of the CP
potential come from the $n$S-$n$P and $n$S-$(n-1)$P transitions. Scaling of the
CP potential as a function of the principal quantum number and temperature is
obtained. A heterostructure comprising hexagonal boron nitride layers
sandwiched between two graphene layers is also studied. When the boron nitride
layer is sufficiently thin, the CP potential can be weakened by changing the
Fermi energy of the top graphene layer. Our study provides insights for
understanding and controlling CP potentials experienced by Rydberg atoms near
single and multi-layer graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures.


  We show that every limit of log canonical thresholds of n-variable functions
is also a log canonical threshold of an (n-1)-variable function.


  In two-beam magneto-photoluminescence spectra of a two-dimensional valence
hole gas we identify the three-level energy spectrum of a free positive trion
with a field-induced singlet-triplet transition. The recombination spectrum of
acceptor-bound trions is also detected, including a cyclotron replica
corresponding to the hole shake-up process. The emergence of a shake-up peak at
low temperature is shown to be a sensitive probe of the presence of a small
number of impurities inside the high-mobility quantum well, and its relative
position is directly related to the hole cyclotron mass.


  The singularities of serial robotic manipulators are those configurations in
which the robot loses the ability to move in at least one direction. Hence,
their identification is fundamental to enhance the performance of current
control and motion planning strategies. While classical approaches entail the
computation of the determinant of either a 6x n or nxn matrix for an n degrees
of freedom serial robot, this work addresses a novel singularity identification
method based on modelling the twists defined by the joint axes of the robot as
vectors of the six-dimensional and three-dimensional geometric algebras. In
particular, it consists of identifying which configurations cause the exterior
product of these twists to vanish. In addition, since rotors represent
rotations in geometric algebra, once these singularities have been identified,
a distance function is defined in the configuration space C such that its
restriction to the set of singular configurations S allows us to compute the
distance of any configuration to a given singularity. This distance function is
used to enhance how the singularities are handled in three different scenarios,
namely motion planning, motion control and bilateral teleoperation.


  This article studies the canonical Hilbert energy $H^{s/2}(M)$ on a
Riemannian manifold for $s\in(0,2)$, with particular focus on the case of
closed manifolds. Several equivalent definitions for this energy and the
fractional Laplacian on a manifold are given, and they are shown to be
identical up to explicit multiplicative constants. Moreover, the precise
behavior of the kernel associated with the singular integral definition of the
fractional Laplacian is obtained through an in-depth study of the heat kernel
on a Riemannian manifold. Furthermore, a monotonicity formula for stationary
points of functionals of the type $$ \mathcal E(v)=[v]^2_{H^{s/2}(M)}+\int_M
F(v) \, dV \,, \,\,\, F \ge 0 \,, $$ is given, which includes, in particular,
the case of nonlocal $s$-minimal surfaces. Finally, we prove some estimates for
the Caffarelli-Silvestre extension problem, which are of general interest.
  This work is motivated by a recent article by the authors, which proves the
nonlocal version of a conjecture of Yau.


  In a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal the time reversal symmetry (TRS) or
the inversion symmetry (IS) is not broken. With either of these symmetries
broken, the Dirac points in the three-dimensional band structure split up into
pairs of so-called Weyl points. The ferromagnetic Weyl semimetals (FMWSM), such
as Co3Sn2S2, feature pairs of Weyl points characterized by the opposite
chiralities. In this communication we study FMWSM based on TRS broken continuum
and lattice Hamiltonians. The latter one is more realistic and represents
Co3Sn2S2. These models include all essential ingredients leading to the
formation of a pair of Weyl nodes and tilted Weyl cones. Our analysis shows a
large anomalous Nernst conductivity which is unlocked due to the divergent
Berry curvature - a local manifestation of the geometric properties of
electronic wavefunctions - at Weyl points.


  By engineering appropriate artificial gauge potentials, a Bose-Einstein
condensate can be adiabatically loaded into a current carrying state that
resembles a vortex lattice of a rotating uniform Bose gas. We give two
explicit, experimentally feasible protocols by which vortex lattices can be
smoothly formed from a condensate initially at rest. In the first example we
show how this can be achieved by adiabatically loading a uniform BEC into an
optical flux lattice, formed from coherent optical coupling of internal states
of the atom. In the second example we study a tight binding model that is
continuously manipulated in parameter space such that it smoothly transforms
into the Harper-Hofstadter model with 1/3 flux per plaquette.


  We perform radiation hydrodynamical simulations of protostellar collapse in
spherical symmetry, with a special focus on very low-mass objects, i.e. brown
dwarfs and sub-brown dwarfs. The inclusion of a realistic equation of state
that includes the effect of hydrogen dissociation allows for a modeling of the
complete process from the beginning of the collapse until the formation of the
protostar. We solve the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation without
any diffusion approximation, using realistic dust and gas opacities.
  Our results show that the properties of the protostar are essentially
independent of the initial conditions, which had previously only been confirmed
for higher mass ranges. For very low mass initial conditions, however, we find
that the first core phase of the collapse shows some significant differences in
the time evolution, with the first core lifetime increasing dramatically
because of the reduced accretion rate from the surrounding envelope. We
consider the observational implications of this. We also investigate the
opposite case of a collapse without any first core phase, which may occur for
very unstable initial conditions.
  In the appendix, we describe a severe numerical problem that causes an
unphysical expansion after the formation of the protostar, which may affect
other attempts at similar calculations of self-gravitational collapse. We
explain the origin of the unphysical behavior and present a solution that can
be used in similar investigations.


  The main elements and methods of chiral perturbation theory, the effective
field theory of the Standard Model below the scale of spontaneous chiral
symmetry breaking, are summarized. Applications to the interactions of mesons
and baryons at low energies are reviewed, with special emphasis on developments
of the last three years. Among the topics covered are the strong,
electromagnetic and semileptonic weak interactions of mesons at and beyond
next--to--leading order in the chiral expansion, nonleptonic weak interactions
of mesons, virtual photon corrections and the meson--baryon system. The
discussion is limited to processes at zero temperature, for infinite volume and
with at most one baryon.


  Let $R$ be an arbitrary ring with identity and $M$ a right $R$-module with $S
=$ End$_R(M)$. In this paper we introduce dual $\pi$-Rickart modules as a
generalization of $\pi$-regular rings as well as that of dual Rickart modules.
The module $M$ is called {\it dual $\pi$-Rickart} if for any $f\in S$, there
exist $e^2=e\in S$ and a positive integer $n$ such that Im$f^n=eM$. We prove
that some results of dual Rickart modules can be extended to dual $\pi$-Rickart
modules for this general settings. We investigate relations between a dual
$\pi$-Rickart module and its endomorphism ring.


  Although many context-aware neural machine translation models have been
proposed to incorporate contexts in translation, most of those models are
trained end-to-end on parallel documents aligned in sentence-level. Because
only a few domains (and language pairs) have such document-level parallel data,
we cannot perform accurate context-aware translation in most domains. We
therefore present a simple method to turn a sentence-level translation model
into a context-aware model by incorporating a document-level language model
into the decoder. Our context-aware decoder is built upon only a sentence-level
parallel corpora and monolingual corpora; thus no document-level parallel data
is needed. In a theoretical viewpoint, the core part of this work is the novel
representation of contextual information using point-wise mutual information
between context and the current sentence. We show the effectiveness of our
approach in three language pairs, English to French, English to Russian, and
Japanese to English, by evaluation in \textsc{bleu} and contrastive tests for
context-aware translation.


  We reported a compact squeezed light source consisting of an diode laser near
resonant on 87Rb optical D1 transition and an warm Rubidium vapor cell. The
-4dB vacuum squeezing at 795 nm via nonlinear magneto-optical rotation was
observed when applying the magnetic field orthogonal to the propagation
direction of the light beam. This compact squeezed light source can be
potentially utilized in the quantum information protocols such as quantum
repeater and memory, and quantum metrology such as atomic magnetometer.


  Large scale electricity storage is set to play an increasingly important role
in the management of future energy networks. A major aspect of the economics of
such projects is captured in arbitrage, i.e. buying electricity when it is
cheap and selling it when it is expensive. We consider a mathematical model
which may account for nonlinear---and possibly stochastically evolving---cost
functions, market impact, input and output rate constraints and both
time-dependent and time-independent inefficiencies or losses in the storage
process. We develop an algorithm which is maximally efficient in the sense that
it incorporates the result that, at each point in time, the optimal management
decision depends only a finite, and typically short, time horizon. We give
examples related to the management of a real-world system. Finally we consider
a model in which the associated costs evolve stochastically in time. Our
results are formulated in a perfectly general setting which permits their
application to other commodity storage problems.


  The aim of this article is to justify mathematically, in the two-dimensional
periodic setting, a generalization of a two-phase model with pressure dependent
viscosity first proposed by A. Lefebvre-Lepot and B. Maury to describe a system
in one dimension of aligned spheres interacting through lubrication forces.
This model involves an adhesion potential, apparent only on the congested
domain, which keeps track of history of the flow. The solutions are constructed
(through a singular limit) from a compressible Navier-Stokes system with
viscosity and pressure both singular close to a maximal volume fraction.
Interestingly, this study can be seen as the first mathematical connection
between models of granular flows and models of suspensions. As a by-product of
this result, we also obtain global existence of weak solutions for a system of
incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with pressure dependent viscosity, the
adhesion potential playing a crucial role in this result.


  Zero temperature states of matter are holographically described by a
spacetime with an asymptotic electric flux. This flux can be sourced either by
explicit charged matter fields in the bulk, by an extremal black hole horizon,
or by a combination of the two. We refer to these as mesonic, fully
fractionalized and partially fractionalized phases of matter, respectively. By
coupling a charged fluid of fermions to an asymptotically AdS_4
Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory, we exhibit quantum phase transitions between
all three of these phases. The onset of fractionalization can be either a first
order or continuous phase transition. In the latter case, at the quantum
critical point the theory displays an emergent Lifshitz scaling symmetry in the
IR.


  Highest weight representations of $U_q(su(1,1))$ with $q=\exp \pi i/N$ are
investigated. The structures of the irreducible hieghesat weight modules are
discussed in detail. The Clebsch-Gordan decomposition for the tensor product of
two irreducible representations is discussed. By using the results, a
representation of $SL(2,R)\otimes U_q(su(2))$ is also presented in terms of
holomorphic sections which also have $U_q(su(2))$ index. Furthermore we realise
$Z_N$-graded supersymmetry in terms of the representation. An explicit
realization of $Osp(1 \vert 2)$ via the heighest weight representation of
$U_q(su(1,1))$ with $q^2=-1$ is given.


  Ionized reflection has often been considered as the explanation for the
unusual Fe K variability observed in MCG--6-30-15. In this paper, we test this
model using a 325 ks observation of MCG--6-30-15 by XMM-Newton and BeppoSAX.
The data are fit between 2.5 and 80 keV with the constant density models of
Ross & Fabian. The best fit ionized reflection model requires the Fe K line to
be split into two reprocessing events: one from the inner disc to build up the
red wing, and the other from the outer accretion disc to fit the blue horn. The
implied geometry is a disc which becomes strongly warped or flared at large
radii. A good fit was obtained with a solar abundance of iron and a reflection
fraction (R) of unity for the inner reflector. The combination of the two
reflection spectra can appear to have R>2 as required by the BeppoSAX data. The
inner reflector has an ionization parameter \log \xi =3.8, but the outer one is
neutral with an inner radius ~70 gravitational radii (r_g), corresponding to a
light crossing time of about an hour for a 10^7 Msun black hole. Applying this
model to time-resolved spectra shows that the inner reflector becomes more
ionized as the source brightens. This reduces the strength of the red wing at
high flux states. The X-ray source is constrained to arise from a narrow
annulus at ~5 r_g, with only 6 per cent of the 2-10 keV flux due to the outer
reprocessor. This amount of localized energy generation is extremely difficult
to produce without resorting to other energy sources such as the black hole
spin. In fact, all the Fe K models fit to XMM-Newton spectra of MCG--6-30-15
require a large increase in energy production at the inner edge of the
accretion disc.


  We devise improved photometric parameters for the morphological
classification of galaxies using a bright sample from the First Data Release of
the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. In addition to using an elliptical aperture
concentration index for classification, we introduce a new texture parameter,
coarseness, which quantifies deviations from smooth galaxy isophotes. The
elliptical aperture concentration index produces morphological classifications
that are in appreciably better agreement with visual classifications than those
based on circular apertures. With the addition of the coarseness parameter,the
success rate of classifying galaxies into early and late types increases to
\~88% with respect to the reference visual classification. A reasonably high
success rate ~68% is also attained in classifying galaxies into three types,
early-type galaxies (E+S0), early- (Sa+Sb) and late- (Sc+Sdm+Im) type spiral
galaxies.


  Given the complex nature of galaxies' interstellar medium (ISM),
multi-wavelength data are required to probe the interplay among gas, dust, and
stellar populations. Spiral galaxies are ideal laboratories for such a goal as
they are rich in gas and dust. Using carbon monoxide (CO) along with GALEX
far-ultraviolet (FUV) and Spitzer near-infrared (NIR) data we probe the
correlations amongst the properties of stellar populations, gas, and dust over
the disc of the spiral galaxy NGC~1055 at multiple angular resolutions, i.e. 2,
4, and 17 arcsec corresponding to a linear size of 144 pc, 288 pc, and 1.2 kpc,
respectively. Our results indicate an asymmetry in the physical conditions
along the galaxy's disc, i.e. the gas is slightly more extended and brighter,
and molecular gas mass is higher on the disc's eastern side than the western
side. All physical properties (i.e. molecular gas mass, CO line ratios, stellar
mass, NIR emission) decrease from the centre going outwards in the disc with
some exceptions (i.e. the extinction, FUV radiation, and the [3.6]-[4.5]
colour). Our analysis indicates that the colour gets bluer (metallicity
increases) halfway through the disc, then redder (metallicity decreases) going
outwards further in the disc.


  In this paper we extend the construction of complementary series
representations to convex-cocompact isometry groups of CAT(-1) spaces with
conditionally negative metrics. Our approach is purely dynamical and
generalizes the constructions known for negatively curved algebraic groups as
$SO(n,1)$, $SU(n,1)$ or $SL_2(\mathbb{Q}_p)$ and their lattices to new examples
as non-linear groups coming from lattices of certain hyperbolic buildings.


  In this paper, we consider the following type of non-local
  (pseudo-differential) operators $\LL $ on $\R^d$:
  $$
  \LL u(x) =\frac12 \sum_{i, j=1}^d \frac{\partial}{\partial x_i} (a_{ij}(x)
\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}) +
  \lim_{\eps \downarrow 0} \int_{\{y\in \R^d: |y-x|>\eps\}}
  (u(y)-u(x)) J(x, y) dy,
  $$ where $A(x)=(a_{ij}(x))_{1\leq i, j\leq d}$ is a measurable $d\times d$
matrix-valued function on $\R^d$ that is uniform elliptic and bounded and $J$
is a symmetric measurable non-trivial non-negative kernel on $\R^d\times \R^d$
satisfying certain conditions. Corresponding to $\LL$ is a symmetric strong
Markov process $X$ on $\R^d$ that has both the diffusion component and pure
jump component. We establish a priori H\"older estimate for bounded parabolic
functions of $\LL$ and parabolic Harnack principle for positive parabolic
functions of $\LL$. Moreover, two-sided sharp heat kernel estimates are derived
for such operator $\LL$ and jump-diffusion $X$. In particular, our results
apply to the mixture of symmetric diffusion of uniformly elliptic divergence
form operator and mixed stable-like processes on $\R^d$. To establish these
results, we employ methods from both probability theory and analysis.


  The particle-hole interaction problem is longstanding within time-dependent
density functional theory (TDDFT) and leads to extreme errors in the prediction
of K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS). We derive a linear-response formalism
that uses optimized orbitals of the n-1-electron system as reference, building
orbital relaxation and a proper hole into the initial density. Our approach is
an exact generalization of the static-exchange approximation that ameliorates
particle-hole interaction error associated with the adiabatic approximation and
reduces errors in TDDFT XAS by orders of magnitude. With a statistical
performance of just 0.5 eV root-mean-square error and the same computational
scaling as TDDFT under the core-valence separation approximation, we anticipate
that this approach will be of great utility in XAS calculations of large
systems.


  Advanced metering infrastructure systems record a high volume of residential
load data, opening up an opportunity for utilities to understand consumer
energy consumption behaviors. Existing studies have focused on load profiling
and prediction, but neglected the role of socioeconomic characteristics of
consumers in their energy consumption behaviors. In this paper, we develop a
prediction model using deep neural networks to predict load patterns of
consumers based on their socioeconomic information. We analyze load patterns
using the K-means clustering method and use an entropy-based feature selection
method to select the key socioeconomic characteristics that affect consumers'
load patterns. Our prediction method with feature selection achieves a higher
prediction accuracy compared with the benchmark schemes, e.g. 80% reduction in
the prediction error.


  Coordinate-type subgradient methods for addressing nonsmooth optimization
problems are relatively underexplored due to the set-valued nature of the
subdifferential. In this work, our study focuses on nonsmooth composite
optimization problems, encompassing a wide class of convex and weakly convex
(nonconvex nonsmooth) problems. By utilizing the chain rule of the composite
structure properly, we introduce the Randomized Coordinate Subgradient method
(RCS) for tackling this problem class. To the best of our knowledge, this is
the first coordinate subgradient method for solving general nonsmooth composite
optimization problems. In theory, we consider the linearly bounded subgradients
assumption for the objective function, which is more general than the
traditional Lipschitz continuity assumption, to account for practical
scenarios. We then conduct convergence analysis for RCS in both convex and
weakly convex cases based on this generalized Lipschitz-type assumption.
Specifically, we establish the $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}$$(1/\sqrt{k})$
convergence rate in expectation and the $\tilde o(1/\sqrt{k})$ almost sure
asymptotic convergence rate in terms of the suboptimality gap when $f$ is
convex. For the case when $f$ is weakly convex and its subdifferential
satisfies the global metric subregularity property, we derive the
$\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-4})$ iteration complexity in expectation. We also
establish an asymptotic convergence result. To justify the global metric
subregularity property utilized in the analysis, we establish this error bound
condition for the concrete (real-valued) robust phase retrieval problem. We
also provide a convergence lemma and the relationship between the global metric
subregularity properties of a weakly convex function and its Moreau envelope.
Finally, we conduct several experiments to demonstrate the possible superiority
of RCS over the subgradient method.


  In this article we consider macrocanonical models for texture synthesis. In
these models samples are generated given an input texture image and a set of
features which should be matched in expectation. It is known that if the images
are quantized, macrocanonical models are given by Gibbs measures, using the
maximum entropy principle. We study conditions under which this result extends
to real-valued images. If these conditions hold, finding a macrocanonical model
amounts to minimizing a convex function and sampling from an associated Gibbs
measure. We analyze an algorithm which alternates between sampling and
minimizing. We present experiments with neural network features and study the
drawbacks and advantages of using this sampling scheme.


  In a recent preprint, arXiv 2005.03716v1, G. Wegner and C. Henkel criticized
my work on the possibility of lossless surface plasma waves. Here I refute all
of their criticisms.


  In [Curtin and Pourgholi, A group sum inequality and its application to power
graphs, J. Algebraic Combinatorics, 2014], it is proved that among all directed
power graphs of groups of a given order $ n $, the directed power graph of
cyclic group of order $ n $ has the maximum number of undirected edges. In this
paper, we continue their work and we determine a non-cyclic nilpotent group of
an odd order $ n $ whose directed power graph has the maximum number of
undirected edges among all non-cyclic nilpotent groups of order $n$.
  We next determine non-cyclic $p$-groups whose undirected power graphs have
the maximum number of edges among all groups of the same order.


  Dark Matter supposedly dominates the extragalactic, yet no totally dark
structure of galactic proportions has ever been convincingly identified.
Earlier (Minchin et al. 2005) we suggested that VIRGOHI 21, a 21-cm source we
found in the Virgo Cluster at Jodrell Bank using single-dish observations
(Davies et al. 2004), was probably such a dark galaxy because of its broad
line-width (~ 200 km/s) unaccompanied by any visible gravitational source to
account for it. Now we have managed to image VIRGOHI 21 in the neutral-hydrogen
line, and indeed we find what appears to be a dark, edge-on, spinning disc with
the mass and diameter of a typical spiral galaxy. Moreover the disc has
unquestionably interacted with NGC 4254, a luminous spiral with an odd
one-armed morphology, but lacking the massive interactor invariably responsible
for such a feature. Published numerical models (Vollmer, Huchtmeier & van Driel
2005) of NGC 4254 call for a close interaction ~ 10^8 years ago with a
perturber of 10^11 solar masses. This we take as completely independent
evidence for the massive nature of VIRGOHI 21.


  The purpose of this paper is to introduce an algorithm that can detect the
most unusual part of a digital image in probabilistic setting. The most unusual
part of a given shape is defined as a part of the image that has the maximal
distance to all non intersecting shapes with the same form. The method is
tested on two and three-dimensional images and has shown very good results
without any predefined model. A version of the method independent of the
contrast of the image is considered and is found to be useful for finding the
most unusual part (and the most similar part) of the image conditioned on given
image. The results can be used to scan large image databases, as for example
medical databases.


  Magnetotransport measurements on a high-mobility electron bilayer system
formed in a wide GaAs quantum well reveal vanishing dissipative resistance
under continuous microwave irradiation. Profound zero-resistance states (ZRS)
appear even in the presence of additional intersubband scattering of electrons.
We study the dependence of photoresistance on frequency, microwave power. and
temperature. Experimental results are compared with a theory demonstrating that
the conditions for absolute negative resistivity correlate with the appearance
of ZRS.


  We describe a variational procedure for calculating the energy of an electron
gas in which the long-range Coulomb interaction is truncated by the screening
effect of a nearby metallic gate. We use this procedure to compute the quantum
capacitance of the system as a function of electron density and spin
polarization. The accuracy of the method is verified against published
Monte-Carlo data. The results compare favorably with a recent experiment.


  The first molecules detected at infrared wavelengths in the ejecta of a Type
II supernova, namely SN1987A, consisted of CO and SiO. Since then, confirmation
of the formation of these two species in several other supernovae a few hundred
days after explosion has been obtained. However, supernova environments appear
to hamper the synthesis of large, complex species due to the lack of
microscopically-mixed hydrogen deep in supernova cores. Because these
environments also form carbon and silicate dust, it is of importance to
understand the role played by molecules in the depletion of elements and how
chemical species get incorporated into dust grains. In the present paper, we
review our current knowledge of the molecular component of supernova ejecta,
and present new trends and results on the synthesis of molecules in these
harsh, explosive events.


  To reduce the number of pending cases and conflicting rulings in the
Brazilian Judiciary, the National Congress amended the Constitution, allowing
the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) to create binding precedents (BPs), i.e., a
set of understandings that both Executive and lower Judiciary branches must
follow. The STF's justices frequently cite the 58 existing BPs in their
decisions, and it is of primary relevance that judicial experts could identify
and analyze such citations. To assist in this problem, we propose LegalVis, a
web-based visual analytics system designed to support the analysis of legal
documents that cite or could potentially cite a BP. We model the problem of
identifying potential citations (i.e., non-explicit) as a classification
problem. However, a simple score is not enough to explain the results; that is
why we use an interpretability machine learning method to explain the reason
behind each identified citation. For a compelling visual exploration of
documents and BPs, LegalVis comprises three interactive visual components: the
first presents an overview of the data showing temporal patterns, the second
allows filtering and grouping relevant documents by topic, and the last one
shows a document's text aiming to interpret the model's output by pointing out
which paragraphs are likely to mention the BP, even if not explicitly
specified. We evaluated our identification model and obtained an accuracy of
96%; we also made a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results. The
usefulness and effectiveness of LegalVis were evaluated through two usage
scenarios and feedback from six domain experts.


  We consider pressure-driven flows of electrolyte solutions in small channels
or capillaries in which tracer particles are used to probe velocity profiles.
Under the assumption that the double layer is thin compared to the channel
dimensions, we show that the flow-induced streaming electric field can create
an apparent slip velocity for the motion of the particles, even if the flow
velocity still satisfies the no-slip boundary condition. In this case, tracking
of particle would lead to the wrong conclusion that the no-slip boundary
condition is violated. We evaluate the apparent slip length, compare with
experiments, and discuss the implications of these results.


  We consider $(p+1)$-form gauge fields in flat $(2p+4)$-dimensions for which
the radiation and the Coulomb solutions have the same asymptotic falloff
behavior. Imposing appropriate falloff behavior on fields and adopting a
Maxwell-type action, we construct the boundary term which renders the action
principle well-defined in the Lorenz gauge. We then compute conserved surface
charges and the corresponding asymptotic charge algebra associated with
nontrivial gauge transformations. We show that for $p\geq 1$ cases we have
three sets of conserved asymptotic charges associated with exact, coexact and
zero-mode parts of the corresponding $p$-form gauge transformations on the
asymptotic $S^{2p+2}$. The coexact and zero-mode charges are higher form
extensions of the four dimensional electrodynamics case $(p=0)$, and are
commuting. Charges associated with exact gauge transformations have no
counterparts in four dimensions and form infinite copies of Heisenberg
algebras. We briefly discuss physical implications of these charges and their
algebra.


  We apply a new method to measure primordial non-Gaussianity, using the
cross-correlation between galaxy surveys and the CMB lensing signal to measure
galaxy bias on very large scales, where local-type primordial non-Gaussianity
predicts a $k^2$ divergence. We use the CMB lensing map recently published by
the Planck collaboration, and measure its external correlations with a suite of
six galaxy catalogues spanning a broad redshift range. We then consistently
combine correlation functions to extend the recent analysis by Giannantonio et
al. (2013), where the density-density and the density-CMB temperature
correlations were used. Due to the intrinsic noise of the Planck lensing map,
which affects the largest scales most severely, we find that the constraints on
the galaxy bias are similar to the constraints from density-CMB temperature
correlations. Including lensing constraints only improves the previous
statistical measurement errors marginally, and we obtain $ f_{\mathrm{NL}} = 12
\pm 21 $ (1$\sigma$) from the combined data set. However, the lensing
measurements serve as an excellent test of systematic errors: we now have three
methods to measure the large-scale, scale-dependent bias from a galaxy survey:
auto-correlation, and cross-correlation with both CMB temperature and lensing.
As the publicly available Planck lensing maps have had their largest-scale
modes at multipoles $l<10$ removed, which are the most sensitive to the
scale-dependent bias, we consider mock CMB lensing data covering all
multipoles. We find that, while the effect of $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ indeed
increases significantly on the largest scales, so do the contributions of both
cosmic variance and the intrinsic lensing noise, so that the improvement is
small.