  We present the first optical polarimetric measurements of RX J1141.3-6410
which confirm that star as a polar. The circular polarization varies between 0
and 13% with the orbital period. Halpha spectroscopy shows that this line is
formed by, at least, two components: a broad and a narrow one. The phase of
maximum redshift of the broad component is shifted by 0.5 with the phase of
maximum circular polarization which is not usual for this class of stars. We
suggest a geometrical configuration for the system which could explain the main
features of the polarimetric and spectroscopic data.


  In the past few years, overwhelming evidence has accrued that a high level of
expression of the protein neuroglobin protects neurons in vitro, in animal
models, and in humans, against cell death associated with hypoxic and amyloid
insult. However, until now, the exact mechanism of neuroglobin's protective
action has not been determined. Using cell biology and biochemical approaches
we demonstrate that neuroglobin inhibits the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in
vitro and intervenes in activation of pro-caspase 9 by interaction with
cytochrome c. Using systems level information of the apoptotic signalling
reactions we have developed a quantitative model of neuroglobin inhibition of
apoptosis, which simulates neuroglobin blocking of apoptosome formation at a
single cell level. Furthermore, this model allows us to explore the effect of
neuroglobin in conditions not easily accessible to experimental study. We found
that the protection of neurons by neuroglobin is very concentration sensitive.
The impact of neuroglobin may arise from both its binding to cytochrome c and
its subsequent redox reaction, although the binding alone is sufficient to
block pro-caspase 9 activation. These data provides an explanation the action
of neuroglobin in the protection of nerve cells from unwanted apoptosis.


  MetalWorking Fluids (MWFs) are widely used to cool and lubricate machines and
tools. By far, the most common MWFs are oil-in-water emulsions with oil
concentration (C oil) in the range from 1% to 10%, depending on type of oil,
material to be worked, etc. In order to optimize emulsion and machine
performance, as well as for good waste policy, the right value of C oil should
be kept (approximately) constant during the MWF's lifecycle to compensate
inevitable changes due to water evaporation, bacterial attack, oil adhesion to
metal parts, etc.. This, however, requires periodic measurements, often skipped
because they require unhandy operations and produce inaccurate results. In this
context, a new system is presented that is based on the falling ball principle,
normally used for viscosity measurements, shown to be suitable also for
accurate C oil measurements. In our system, the transit time of the sphere
within the instrument is determined by means of inductive proximity sensors, a
PT100 sensor is used for temperature whose effects on C oil are accounted for
by means of an ad-hoc algorithm. A battery-operated electronic board has been
designed that allows rapid and user-friendly " in-situ " measurements and a
prototype of an whole portable and automatic instrument, suitable for in-situ
measurements, has been fabricated.


  We employ the domain wall fermion (DWF) formulation of the Thirring model on
a lattice in 2+1+1 dimensions and perform $N=1$ flavor Monte Carlo simulations.
At a critical interaction strength the model features a spontaneous
$\mathrm{U}(2)\rightarrow\mathrm{U}(1)\otimes \mathrm{U}(1)$ symmetry breaking;
we analyse the induced spin-0 mesons, both Goldstone and non-Goldstone, as well
as the correlator of the fermion quasiparticles, in both resulting phases.
Crucially, we determine the anomalous dimension $\eta_\psi\approx 3$ at the
critical point, in stark contrast with the Gross-Neveu model in 3$d$ and with
results obtained with staggered fermions. Our numerical simulations are
complemented by an analytical treatment of the free fermion correlator, which
exhibits large early-time artifacts due to branch cuts in the propagator
stemming from unbound interactions of the fermion with its heavy doublers.
These artifacts are generalisable beyond the Thirring model, being an intrinsic
property of DWF, or more generally Ginsparg-Wilson fermions.


  We present a new methodology for high-quality labeling in the fashion domain
with crowd workers instead of experts. We focus on the Aspect-Based Sentiment
Analysis task. Our methods filter out inaccurate input from crowd workers but
we preserve different worker labeling to capture the inherent high variability
of the opinions. We demonstrate the quality of labeled data based on Facebook's
FastText framework as a baseline.


  The divergent timescales of slow relaxation processes are obstacles to the
study of stationary state properties and the functionalization of some systems
like steady state heat engines, both in classical and quantum systems. Thus the
shortening of the relaxation time scale would be desirable in many cases. Here
we claim that using quantum reset, a common and important operation in quantum
computation, the relaxation dynamics of general Markovian open quantum systems
with arbitrary initial states is able to be accelerated significantly through a
simple protocol. This faster relaxation induced by the reset protocol is
reminiscent of the quantum Mpemba effect. The reset protocol we proposed is
applied to a two-state quantum systems to illustrate our theory, which may
characterize a single qubit or a spin. Furthermore, our new strategy to
accelerate relaxations may also be applied to closed quantum systems or even
some non-Markovian open quantum systems.


  Neural network stealing attacks have posed grave threats to neural network
model deployment. Such attacks can be launched by extracting neural
architecture information, such as layer sequence and dimension parameters,
through leaky side-channels. To mitigate such attacks, we propose
NeurObfuscator, a full-stack obfuscation tool to obfuscate the neural network
architecture while preserving its functionality with very limited performance
overhead. At the heart of this tool is a set of obfuscating knobs, including
layer branching, layer widening, selective fusion and schedule pruning, that
increase the number of operators, reduce/increase the latency, and number of
cache and DRAM accesses. A genetic algorithm-based approach is adopted to
orchestrate the combination of obfuscating knobs to achieve the best
obfuscating effect on the layer sequence and dimension parameters so that the
architecture information cannot be successfully extracted. Results on sequence
obfuscation show that the proposed tool obfuscates a ResNet-18 ImageNet model
to a totally different architecture (with 44 layer difference) without
affecting its functionality with only 2% overall latency overhead. For
dimension obfuscation, we demonstrate that an example convolution layer with 64
input and 128 output channels can be obfuscated to generate a layer with 207
input and 93 output channels with only a 2% latency overhead.


  Quantum optics in combination with integrated optical devices shows great
promise for efficient manipulation of single photons. New physical concepts,
however, can only be found when these fields truly merge and reciprocally
enhance each other. Here we work at the merging point and investigate the
physical concept behind a two-coupled-waveguide system with an integrated
parametric down-conversion process. We use the eigenmode description of the
linear system and the resulting modification in momentum conservation to derive
the state generation protocol for this type of device. With this new concept of
state engineering, we are able to effectively implement a two-in-one waveguide
source that produces the useful two-photon NOON state without extra overhead
such as phase stabilization or narrow-band filtering. Experimentally, we
benchmark our device by measuring a two-photon NOON state fidelity of
$\mathcal{F} = (84.2 \pm 2.6) \%$ and observe the characteristic
interferometric pattern directly given by the doubled phase dependence with a
visibility of $V_{\mathrm{NOON}} = (93.3 \pm 3.7) \%$.


  Motivated by recent progress in the study of supersymmetric gauge theories we
propose a very compact formulation of spectral duality between XXZ spin chains.
The action of the quantum duality is given by the Fourier transform in the
spectral parameter. We investigate the duality in various limits and, in
particular, prove it for q-->1, i.e. when it reduces to the XXX/Gaudin duality.
We also show that the universal difference operators are given by the normal
ordering of the classical spectral curves.


  We present a wide-field H-alpha imaging survey of the rich cluster
CL0939+4713 (Abell 851) at z=0.41 with Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope,
using the narrow-band filter NB921. The survey is sensitive to active galaxies
with star formation rates down to ~0.3Msun/yr throughout the 27'x27' field, and
we identified 445 H-alpha emitters along the large-scale structures around the
cluster. Using this sample, we find that (1) the fraction of H-alpha emitters
is a strong function of environment and shows a clear decline toward the
cluster central region. We also find that (2) the color of H-alpha emitters is
clearly dependent on environment. The majority of the H-alpha emitters have
blue colors with B-I<2, but we find H-alpha emitters with red colors as well.
Such red emitters are very rare in the cluster center or its immediate
surrounding regions, while they are most frequently found in groups located far
away from the cluster center. These groups coincide with the environment where
a sharp transition in galaxy color distribution is seen. This may suggest that
dusty star formation activity tends to be involved in galaxy truncation
processes that are effective in groups, and it is probably related to the
"pre-processing" that generates present-day cluster S0 galaxies. Finally, we
confirm that (3) the mass-normalized integrated star formation rate in clusters
(i.e. the total star formation rate within 0.5xR200 from the cluster center
divided by the cluster dynamical mass) rapidly increases with look-back time
following approximately ~(1+z)^6, and it is also correlated with the cluster
mass.


  We investigate online kernel algorithms which simultaneously process multiple
classification tasks while a fixed constraint is imposed on the size of their
active sets. We focus in particular on the design of algorithms that can
efficiently deal with problems where the number of tasks is extremely high and
the task data are large scale. Two new projection-based algorithms are
introduced to efficiently tackle those issues while presenting different trade
offs on how the available memory is managed with respect to the prior
information about the learning tasks. Theoretically sound budget algorithms are
devised by coupling the Randomized Budget Perceptron and the Forgetron
algorithms with the multitask kernel. We show how the two seemingly contrasting
properties of learning from multiple tasks and keeping a constant memory
footprint can be balanced, and how the sharing of the available space among
different tasks is automatically taken care of. We propose and discuss new
insights on the multitask kernel. Experiments show that online kernel multitask
algorithms running on a budget can efficiently tackle real world learning
problems involving multiple tasks.


  The potential of memristive devices is often seeing in implementing
neuromorphic architectures for achieving brain-like computation. However, the
designing procedures do not allow for extended manipulation of the material,
unlike CMOS technology, the properties of the memristive material should be
harnessed in the context of such computation, under the view that biological
synapses are memristors. Here we demonstrate that single solid-state TiO2
memristors can exhibit associative plasticity phenomena observed in biological
cortical synapses, and are captured by a phenomenological plasticity model
called triplet rule. This rule comprises of a spike-timing dependent plasticity
regime and a classical hebbian associative regime, and is compatible with a
large amount of electrophysiology data. Via a set of experiments with our
artificial, memristive, synapses we show that, contrary to conventional uses of
solid-state memory, the co-existence of field- and thermally-driven switching
mechanisms that could render bipolar and/or unipolar programming modes is a
salient feature for capturing long-term potentiation and depression synaptic
dynamics. We further demonstrate that the non-linear accumulating nature of
memristors promotes long-term potentiating or depressing memory transitions.


  We present $UBVRI$ CCD photometry and optical spectra of the type Ia
supernova SN 2003hx which appeared in the galaxy NGC 2076, obtained till $\sim$
146 days after the epoch of $B$ band maximum. The supernova reached at maximum
brightness in $B$ band on JD 245 2893 $\pm$ 1.0 with an apparent magnitude of
14.92 $\pm$ 0.01 mag which was estimated by making template fits to the light
curves. SN 2003hx is an example of a highly reddened supernova with $E(B-V)$ =
0.56 $\pm$ 0.23. We estimate $R_v$ = 1.97 $\pm$ 0.54 which indicates the small
size of dust particles as compared to their galactic counterparts. The
luminosity decline rate is $\Delta m_{15}(B)$ = 1.17 $\pm$ 0.12 mag and the
absolute $B$ band magnitude obtained from the luminosity versus decline rate
relation (Phillips et al. 1999) is $M^B_{max}$ = -19.20 $\pm$ 0.18 mag. The
peak bolometric luminosity indicates that $\sim$ 0.66 $M_\odot$ mass of $^{56}$
Ni was ejected by the supernova. The spectral evolution indicates the supernova
to be a normal type Ia event.


  We introduce a generalized Anshel-Anshel-Goldfeld (AAG) key establishment
protocol (KEP) for magmas. This leads to the foundation of non-associative
public-key cryptography (PKC), generalizing the concept of non-commutative PKC.
We show that left selfdistributive systems appear in a natural special case of
a generalized AAG-KEP for magmas, and we propose, among others instances,
concrete realizations using $f$-conjugacy in groups and shifted conjugacy in
braid groups. We discuss the advantages of our schemes compared with the
classical AAG-KEP based on conjugacy in braid groups.


  This study concerns an inventory of the gravitational force and tidal field
induced by filaments, walls, cluster nodes and voids on Megaparsec scales and
how they assemble and shape the Cosmic Web. The study is based on a N$_{\rm
Part}=512^3$ $\Lambda$CDM dark matter only N-body simulation in a
(300$h^{-1}$~Mpc)$^3$ box at $z=0$. We invoke the density field NEXUS+
multiscale morphological procedure to assign the appropriate morphological
feature to each location. We then determine the contribution by each of the
cosmic web components to the local gravitational and tidal forces. We find that
filaments are, by far, the dominant dynamical component in the interior of
filaments, in the majority of underdense void regions and in all wall regions.
The gravitational influence of cluster nodes is limited, and they are only
dominant in their immediate vicinity. The force field induced by voids is
marked by divergent outflowing patterns, yielding the impression of a segmented
volume in which voids push matter towards their boundaries. Voids manifest
themselves strongly in the tidal field as a cellular tapestry that is closely
linked to the multiscale cosmic web. However, even within the interior of
voids, the dynamical influence of the surrounding filaments is stronger than
the outward push by voids. Therefore, the dynamics of voids cannot be
understood without taking into account the influence of the environment. We
conclude that filaments constitute the overpowering gravitational agent of the
cosmic web, while voids are responsible for the cosmic web's spatial
organisation and hence of its spatial connectivity.


  Let $V$ be a $C^1$-vector field on an $n$-dimensional complete Riemannian
manifold $(M, g)$. We prove a Liouville theorem for $V$-harmonic maps
satisfying various growth conditions from complete Riemannian manifolds with
non-negative $(m, V)$-Ricci curvature for
$m\in\,[\,-\infty,\,0\,]\,\cup\,[\,n,\,+\infty\,]$ into Cartan-Hadam\-ard
manifolds, which extends Cheng's Liouville theorem proved S.~Y.~Cheng for
sublinear growth harmonic maps from complete Riemannian manifolds with
non-negative Ricci curvature into Cartan-Hadamard manifolds. We also prove a
Liouville theorem for $V$-harmonic maps from complete Riemannian manifolds with
non-negative $(m, V)$-Ricci curvature for
$m\in\,[\,-\infty,\,0\,]\,\cup\,[\,n,\,+\infty\,]$ into regular geodesic balls
of Riemannian manifolds with positive upper sectional curvature bound, which
extends the results of Hildebrandt-Jost-Wideman and Choi. Our probabilistic
proof of Liouville theorem for several growth $V$-harmonic maps into Hadamard
manifolds enhances an incomplete argument by Stafford. Our results extend the
results due to Chen-Jost-Qiu\cite{ChenJostQiu} and Qiu\cite{Qiu} in the case of
$m=+\infty$ on the Liouville theorem for bounded $V$-harmonic maps from
complete Riemannian manifolds with non-negative $(\infty, V)$-Ricci curvature
into regular geodesic balls of Riemannian manifolds with positive sectional
curvature upper bound. Finally, we establish a connection between the Liouville
property of $V$-harmonic maps and the recurrence property of
$\Delta_V$-diffusion processes on manifolds. Our results are new even in the
case $V=\nabla f$ for $f\in C^2(M)$.


  The low-energy scattering of charged fermions by extremal magnetic
Reissner-Nordstrom black holes is analyzed in the large-$N$ and $S$-wave
approximations. It is shown that (in these approximations) information is
carried into a causally inaccessible region of spacetime, and thereby
effectively lost. It is also shown that there is an infinite degeneracy of
quantum black hole ground states, or ``remnants", which store --- but will not
reveal --- the information. A notable feature of the analysis --- not shared by
recent analyses of dilatonic black holes --- is that the key physical questions
can be answered within the weak coupling domain. We regard these results as
strong evidence that effective information loss occurs in our universe.


  The presence of superfluid phases in the interior of a neutron star affects
its dynamics, as neutrons can flow relative to the non-superfluid (normal)
components of the star with little or no viscosity. A probe of superfluidity
comes from pulsar glitches, sudden jumps in the observed rotational period of
radio pulsars. Most models of glitches build on the idea that a superfluid
component of the star is decoupled from the spin-down of the normal component,
and its sudden recoupling leads to a glitch. This transition in the strength of
the hydrodynamic coupling is explained in terms of quantum vortices (long-lived
vortices that are naturally present in the neutron superfluid at the
microscopic scale). After introducing some basic ideas, we derive (as a
pedagogical exercise) the formal scheme shared by many glitch studies. Then, we
apply these notions to present some recent advances and discuss how
observations can help us to indirectly probe the internal physics of neutron
stars.


  As an approach to a Theory of Everything a framework for developing a
coherent theory of mathematics and physics together is described. The main
characteristic of such a theory is discussed: the theory must be valid and and
sufficiently strong, and it must maximally describe its own validity and
sufficient strength. The mathematical logical definition of validity is used,
and sufficient strength is seen to be a necessary and useful concept. The
requirement of maximal description of its own validity and sufficient strength
may be useful to reject candidate coherent theories for which the description
is less than maximal. Other aspects of a coherent theory discussed include
universal applicability, the relation to the anthropic principle, and possible
uniqueness. It is suggested that the basic properties of the physical and
mathematical universes are entwined with and emerge with a coherent theory.
Support for this includes the indirect reality status of properties of very
small or very large far away systems compared to moderate sized nearby systems.
Discussion of the necessary physical nature of language includes physical
models of language and a proof that the meaning content of expressions of any
axiomatizable theory seems to be independent of the algorithmic complexity of
the theory. G\"{o}del maps seem to be less useful for a coherent theory than
for purely mathematical theories because all symbols and words of any language
musthave representations as states of physical systems already in the domain of
a coherent theory.


  High degree of electron spin polarization is of crucial importance in
operation of spintronic devices. We study the propagation of spin-polarized
electrons through a boundary between two n-type semiconductor regions with
different doping levels. We assume that inhomogeneous spin polarization is
created/injected locally and driven through the boundary by the electric field.
The electric field distribution and spin polarization distribution are
calculated within a two-component drift-diffusion transport model. We show that
an initially created narrow region of spin polarization can be further
compressed and amplified near the boundary. Since the boundary involves
variation of doping but no real interface between two semiconductor materials,
no significant spin-polarization loss is expected. The proposed mechanism will
be therefore useful in designing new spintronic devices.


  The scaling behaviors of the human electroencephalogram (EEG) time series are
studied using detrended fluctuation analysis. Two scaling regions are found in
nearly every channel for all subjects examined. The scatter plot of the scaling
exponents for all channels (up to 129) reveals the complicated structure of a
subject's brain activity. Moment analyses are performed to extract the gross
features of all the scaling exponents, and another universal scaling behavior
is identified. A one-parameter description is found to characterize the
fluctuation properties of the nonlinear behaviors of the brain dynamics.


  The Braille system has been used by the visually impaired for reading and
writing. Due to limited availability of the Braille text books an efficient
usage of the books becomes a necessity. This paper proposes a method to convert
a scanned Braille document to text which can be read out to many through the
computer. The Braille documents are pre processed to enhance the dots and
reduce the noise. The Braille cells are segmented and the dots from each cell
is extracted and converted in to a number sequence. These are mapped to the
appropriate alphabets of the language. The converted text is spoken out through
a speech synthesizer. The paper also provides a mechanism to type the Braille
characters through the number pad of the keyboard. The typed Braille character
is mapped to the alphabet and spoken out. The Braille cell has a standard
representation but the mapping differs for each language. In this paper mapping
of English, Hindi and Tamil are considered.


  We present a gradient-based optimization strategy to design broadband grating
couplers. Using this method, we are able to reach, and often surpass, a
user-specified target bandwidth during optimization. The designs produced for
220 nm silicon-on-insulator are capable of achieving 3 dB bandwidths exceeding
100 nm while maintaining central coupling efficiencies ranging from -3.0 dB to
-5.4 dB, depending on partial-etch fraction. We fabricate a subset of these
structures and experimentally demonstrate gratings with 3 dB bandwidths
exceeding 120 nm. This inverse design approach provides a flexible design
paradigm, allowing for the creation of broadband grating couplers without
requiring constraints on grating geometry.


  Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) is a popular rhythm-based video game. Players
perform steps on a dance platform in synchronization with music as directed by
on-screen step charts. While many step charts are available in standardized
packs, players may grow tired of existing charts, or wish to dance to a song
for which no chart exists. We introduce the task of learning to choreograph.
Given a raw audio track, the goal is to produce a new step chart. This task
decomposes naturally into two subtasks: deciding when to place steps and
deciding which steps to select. For the step placement task, we combine
recurrent and convolutional neural networks to ingest spectrograms of low-level
audio features to predict steps, conditioned on chart difficulty. For step
selection, we present a conditional LSTM generative model that substantially
outperforms n-gram and fixed-window approaches.


  Exploration of metal clusters (MCs) adaptive to both aqueous and oil phases
without disturbing their size is promising for a broad scope of applications.
The state-of-the-art approach via ligand-binding may perturb MC size due to
varied metal-ligand binding strength when shuttling between solvents of
different polarity. Herein, we applied physical confinement of a series of
small noble MCs (less than 1 nm) inside ionic organic cages (I-Cages), which by
means of anion exchange enables reversible transfer of MCs between aqueous and
hydrophobic solutions without varying their ultrasmall size. Moreover, the
MCs(at)I-Cage hybrid serves as a recyclable, reaction-switchable catalyst
featuring high activity in liquid-phase catalysis.


  In the framework of deterministic finslerian models, a mechanism producing
dissipative dynamics at the Planck scale is discussed. It is based on a
geometric evolution from Finsler to Riemann structures defined on the fiber
bundle ${ TM}\to { M}$. Quantum states are equivalence classes, composed by the
configurations that evolve through an internal dynamics drive by the above
geometric evolution. Each equivalence class is conformed by the ontological
states that evolve to the same final state. The existence of an hermitian
scalar product in an associated linear space is discussed and related with the
quantum pre-Hilbert space. This hermitian product emerges from geometric and
statistical considerations. Our scheme recovers the main ingredients of the
usual Quantum Mechanics. Several consequences are discussed and compared with
the predictions of the standard Quantum Mechanics. A natural solution of the
cosmological constant problems is proposed, as well as a mechanism for the
absence of quantum interferences at classical scales.


  We investigate the generally assumed inconsistency in light cone quantum
field theory that the restriction of a massive, real, scalar, free field to the
nullplane $\Sigma=\{x^0+x^3=0\}$ is independent of mass \cite{LKS}, but the
restriction of the two-point function depends on it (see, e.g., \cite{NakYam77,
Yam97}). We resolve this inconsistency by showing that the two-point function
has no canonical restriction to $\Sigma$ in the sense of distribution theory.
Only the so-called tame restriction of the two-point function exists which we
have introduced in \cite{Ull04sub}. Furthermore, we show that this tame
restriction is indeed independent of mass. Hence the inconsistency appears only
by the erroneous assumption that the two-point function would have a
(canonical) restriction to $\Sigma$.


  For the first time, we have identified photospheric emission lines in the
far-UV spectrum of a white dwarf. They were discovered in the Far Ultraviolet
Spectroscopic Explorer spectrum of the hot (Teff~200,000 K) DO white dwarf
KPD0005+5106 and they stem from extremely highly ionized calcium (CaX 1137,
1159 Ang). Their photospheric origin is confirmed by non-LTE line-formation
calculations. This is the highest ionisation stage of any element ever observed
in a stellar photosphere. Calcium has never been detected before in any hot
white dwarf or central star of planetary nebula. The calcium abundance
determination for KPD0005+5106 (1-10 times solar) is difficult, because the
line strengths are rather sensitive to current uncertainties in the knowledge
of effective temperature and surface gravity. We discuss the possibility that
the calcium abundance is much lower than expected from diffusion/levitation
equilibrium theory. The same emission lines are exhibited by the [WCE]-type
central star NGC2371. Another CaX line pair (1461, 1504 Ang) is probably
present in a Hubble Space Telescope spectrum of the PG1159-type central star
NGC246.


  The study forms a technical report of various tasks that have been performed
on the materials collected and published by Finnish ethnographer and linguist,
Matthias Alexander Castr\'en (1813-1852). The Finno-Ugrian Society is
publishing Castr\'en's manuscripts as new critical and digital editions, and at
the same time different research groups have also paid attention to these
materials. We discuss the workflows and technical infrastructure used, and
consider how datasets that benefit different computational tasks could be
created to further improve the usability of these materials, and also to aid
the further processing of similar archived collections. We specifically focus
on the parts of the collections that are processed in a way that improves their
usability in more technical applications, complementing the earlier work on the
cultural and linguistic aspects of these materials. Most of these datasets are
openly available in Zenodo. The study points to specific areas where further
research is needed, and provides benchmarks for text recognition tasks.


  Super-high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements
have been performed on a high temperature superconductor Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8. The
band back-bending characteristic of the Bogoliubov-like quasiparticle
dispersion is clearly revealed at low temperature in the superconducting state.
This makes it possible for the first time to experimentally extract the complex
electron self-energy and the complex gap function in the superconducting state.
The resultant electron self-energy and gap function exhibit features at ~54 meV
and ~40 meV, in addition to the superconducting gap-induced structure at lower
binding energy and a broad featureless structure at higher binding energy.
These information will provide key insight and constraints on the origin of
electron pairing in high temperature superconductors.


  It is well known that psychoemotional disorders may be accompanied by
decreased sociability in humans. It has been shown that repeated social defeats
in 10 daily agonistic interactions in male mice led to development of the
expressed level of anxiety and to reduction of communication estimated in the
elevated plus-maze and partition tests, respectively. In the social
interactions test, sociable behavior toward unfamiliar partner and exploratory
activity were dramatically decreased in defeated male mice. Avoidance of
approaching partner was significantly increased. Demonstration of self-grooming
behavior was increased in defeated males. Chronic diazepam treatment (0.5
mg/kg, i.p., 2 weeks) led to significant decrease of anxiety level estimated in
the elevated plus maze test and to improvement of communication in the
partition test. In the social interaction test diazepam completely restored the
level of sociability and exploratory activity and reduced avoidance behavior of
approaching partner. Diazepam did not affect self-grooming demonstration. It is
concluded that main factor which provokes decrease in communication in defeated
male mice is the high level of anxiety. Similarity between changes in social
behavior in defeated mice and symptoms of autism in humans is discussed. It is
supposed that this behavioral approach may be useful for studying the molecular
mechanisms of autistic spectrum disorders, developing under chronic negative
social experiences.


  For the Ising model with Gaussian random coupling of average $J_0$ and unit
variance, the zero-temperature spinglass-ferromagnetic transition as a function
of the control parameter $J_0$ can be studied via the size-$L$ dependent
renormalized coupling defined as the domain-wall energy $J^R(L) \equiv
E_{GS}^{(AF)}(L)-E_{GS}^{(F)}(L)$ (i.e. the difference between the ground state
energies corresponding to AntiFerromagnetic and and Ferromagnetic boundary
conditions in one direction). We study numerically the critical exponents of
this zero-temperature transition within the Migdal-Kadanoff approximation as a
function of the dimension $d=2,3,4,5,6$. We then compare with the mean-field
spherical model. Our main conclusion is that in low dimensions, the critical
stiffness exponent $\theta^c$ is clearly bigger than the spin-glass stiffness
exponent $\theta^{SG}$, but that they turn out to coincide in high enough
dimension and in the mean-field spherical model. We also discuss the
finite-size scaling properties of the averaged value and of the width of the
distribution of the renormalized couplings.


  In the Connected Dominating Set problem we are given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and
seek a minimum size dominating set $S \subseteq V$ such that the subgraph
$G[S]$ of $G$ induced by $S$ is connected. In the $2$-Edge-Connected Dominating
Set problem $G[S]$ should be $2$-edge-connected. We give the first non-trivial
approximation algorithm for this problem, with expected approximation ratio
$\tilde{O}(\log^2n)$.


  Let $G$ be a finite group and $H$ a normal subgroup. $D(H;G)$ is the crossed
product of $C(H)$ and ${\Bbb C}G$ which is only a subalgebra of $D(G)$, the
quantum double of $G$. One can construct a $C^*$-subalgebra
${\mathcal{F}}_{_H}$ of the field algebra $\mathcal{F}$ of $G$-spin models,
such that ${\mathcal{F}}_{_H}$ is a $D(H;G)$-module algebra. The concrete
construction of $D(H;G)$-invariant subalgebra ${\mathcal{A}}_{_{(H,G)}}$ of
${\mathcal{F}}_{_H}$ is given. By constructing the quasi-basis of conditional
expectation $z_{_H}$ of ${\mathcal{F}}_{_H}$ onto ${\mathcal{A}}_{_{(H,G)}}$,
the $C^*$-index of $z_{_H}$ is given.


  The active motion of phoretic colloids leads them to accumulate at boundaries
and interfaces. Such an excess accumulation, with respect to their passive
counterparts, makes the dynamics of phoretic colloids particularly sensitive to
the presence of boundaries and pave new routes to externally control their
single particle as well as collective behavior. Here we review some recent
theoretical results about the dynamics of phoretic colloids close to and
adsorbed at fluid interfaces in particular highlighting similarities and
differences with respect to solid-fluid interfaces.


  We measure and stabilize the relative angle of (anti-)parallel laser beams to
5 nanoradian per root Hertz resolution by comparing the phases of radio
frequency beat notes on a quadrant photodetector. The absolute accuracy is 5.1
microradian and 2.1 microradian for antiparallel and parallel beams,
respectively, which is more than 6 and 16 times below the Rayleigh criterion.


  Gravitational waves (GWs) are a new avenue of observing our Universe. So far,
we have seen them in the ~10-100 Hz range, and there are hints that we might
soon detect them in the nanohertz regime. Multiple efforts are underway to
access GWs across the frequency spectrum; however, parts of the frequency space
are currently not covered by any planned or future observatories. Photometric
surveys can bridge the microhertz gap in the spectrum between LISA and Pulsar
Timing Arrays (PTAs) through relative astrometric measurements. Similar to PTA
measurements, these astrometric measurements rely on the correlated spacetime
distortions produced by gravitational waves at Earth, which induce coherent,
apparent stellar position changes on the sky. To detect microhertz GWs with an
imaging survey, a combination of high relative astrometric precision, a large
number of observed stars, and a high cadence of exposures are needed. Roman's
proposed core community survey, the Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey (RGBTDS),
would have all of these components. RGBTDS would be sensitive to GWs with
frequencies ranging from $7.7\times 10^{-8}$ Hz to $5.6\times 10^{-4}$ Hz,
which opens up a unique GW observing window for supermassive black hole
binaries and their waveform evolution. We note that small changes to the survey
could enhance Roman's sensitivity to GWs, making it possible to observe the GW
background signal that PTAs have recently hinted at with an SNR $\sim$ 70.


  A workflow specification defines a set of steps and the order in which those
steps must be executed. Security requirements and business rules may impose
constraints on which users are permitted to perform those steps. A workflow
specification is said to be satisfiable if there exists an assignment of
authorized users to workflow steps that satisfies all the constraints. An
algorithm for determining whether such an assignment exists is important, both
as a static analysis tool for workflow specifications, and for the construction
of run-time reference monitors for workflow management systems. We develop new
methods for determining workflow satisfiability based on the concept of
constraint expressions, which were introduced recently by Khan and Fong. These
methods are surprising versatile, enabling us to develop algorithms for, and
determine the complexity of, a number of different problems related to workflow
satisfiability.


  We adopt the viewpoint that topological And\'e-Quillen theory for commutative
$S$-algebras should provide usable (co)homology theories for doing calculations
in the sense traditional within Algebraic Topology. Our main emphasis is on
homotopical properties of universal derivations, especially their behaviour in
multiplicative homology theories. There are algebraic derivation properties,
but also deeper properties arising from the homotopical structure of the free
algebra functor $\mathbb{P}_R$ and its relationship with extended powers of
spectra. In the connective case in ordinary $\bmod{\,p}$ homology, this leads
to useful formulae involving Dyer-Lashof operations in the homology of
commutative $S$-algebras. Although many of our results could no doubt be
obtained using stabilisation, our approach seems more direct. We also discuss a
reduced free algebra functor $\tilde{\mathbb{P}}_R$.


  We study equations from the area of peridynamics, which is an extension of
elasticity. The governing equations form a system of nonlocal wave equations.
Its governing operator is found to be a bounded, linear and self-adjoint
operator on a Hilbert space. We study the well-posedness and stability of the
associated initial value problem. We solve the initial value problem by
applying the functional calculus of the governing operator. In addition, we
give a series representation of the solution in terms of spherical Bessel
functions. For the case of scalar valued functions, the governing operator
turns out as functions of the Laplace operator. This result enables the
comparison of peridynamic solutions to those of classical elasticity as well as
the introduction of local boundary conditions into the nonlocal theory. The
latter is studied in a companion paper.


  We present a model for atmospheric wind circulation in binary millisecond
pulsar (MSP) companions, showing how the optical light curve (LC) and radial
velocities (RV) are sensitive to the wind flow, causing LC orbital phase shifts
and asymmetries, as observed for several `spider' MSP. Velocity widths of
spectral lines offer additional opportunities for measuring surface wind speed.
As examples, we fit optical data for a black widow pulsar J1959+2048 and a
redback pulsar J2215+5135; the wind heating models (WH) are statistically
strongly preferred over direct heating (DH) for both objects, although the
latter is even better fit with a heated spot. In general, WH effects tend to
increase the inferred orbital inclination $i$ and decrease the inferred
companion center-of-mass radial velocity amplitude $K_\mathrm{c}$; both effects
decrease the inferred neutron star mass. Even with such a decrease, we find
large masses for the two neutron stars: $2.18\pm0.09M_\odot$ and
$2.28^{+0.10}_{-0.09}M_\odot$, respectively (for the modest surface speeds fit
from the bulk heat flow; supersonic photospheric winds can slightly change
these values). These are among the highest masses known, and our improved
modeling increases confidence that the results are important for understanding
the dense matter equation of state.


  A solitonic ground state called a chiral soliton lattice (CSL) is realized in
a supersymmetric theory with background magnetic field and finite chemical
potential. To this end, we construct, in the superfield formalism, a
supersymmetric chiral sine-Gordon model as a neutral pion sector of a
supersymmetric two-flavor chiral Lagrangian with a Wess-Zumino-Witten term. The
CSL ground state appears in the presence of either a strong magnetic field
and/or large chemical potential, or a background fermionic condensate in the
form of a fermion bilinear consisting of the gaugino and a superpartner of a
baryon gauge field.


  We present a new exact algorithm for estimating all elements of the quark
propagator. The advantage of the method is that the exact all-to-all propagator
is reproduced in a large but finite number of inversions. The efficacy of the
algorithm is tested in Monte Carlo simulations of Wilson quarks in quenched
QCD. Applications that are difficult to probe with point propagators are
discussed.


  Most of the empirical studies on stochastic volatility dynamics favor the 3/2
specification over the square-root (CIR) process in the Heston model. In the
context of option pricing, the 3/2 stochastic volatility model is reported to
be able to capture the volatility skew evolution better than the Heston model.
In this article, we make a thorough investigation on the analytic tractability
of the 3/2 stochastic volatility model by proposing a closed-form formula for
the partial transform of the triple joint transition density $(X,I,V)$ which
stand for the log asset price, the quadratic variation (continuous realized
variance) and the instantaneous variance, respectively. Two distinct
formulations are provided for deriving the main result. The closed-form partial
transform enables us to deduce a variety of marginal partial transforms and
characteristic functions and plays a crucial role in pricing discretely sampled
variance derivatives and exotic options that depend on both the asset price and
quadratic variation. Various applications and numerical examples on pricing
exotic derivatives with discrete monitoring feature are given to demonstrate
the versatility of the partial transform under the 3/2 model.


  We call a linear operator on a vector space over a field Jordanable if it has
a Jordan canonical form. An almost Abelian Lie algebra has only one
non-vanishing Lie bracket, which is given by a linear operator. If the latter
is Jordanable then we call the almost Abelian Lie algebra Jordanable. The
existence of canonical form allows to describe important structural properties
of these Lie algebras in explicit terms. Lie subalgebras, ideals, automorphisms
and derivations, as well as quadratic Casimir elements are given in explicitly
in a suitable basis.


  A seminal result of E. Ehrhart states that the number of integer lattice
points in the dilation of a rational polytope by a positive integer $k$ is a
quasi-polynomial function of $k$ --- that is, a "polynomial" in which the
coefficients are themselves periodic functions of $k$. Using a result of F. Liu
on the Ehrhart polynomials of cyclic polytopes, we construct
not-necessarily-convex rational polytopes of arbitrary dimension in which the
periods of the coefficient functions appearing in the Ehrhart quasi-polynomial
take on arbitrary values.


  Light and sound waves have the fascinating property that they can move
objects through the transfer of linear or angular momentum. This ability has
led to the development of optical and acoustic tweezers, with applications
ranging from biomedical engineering to quantum optics. Although impressive
manipulation results have been achieved, the stringent requirement for a highly
controlled, low-reverberant, and static environment still hinders the
applicability of these techniques in many scenarios. Here, we overcome this
challenge and demonstrate the manipulation of objects in disordered and dynamic
media, by optimally tailoring the momentum of sound waves iteratively in the
far field. The method does not require information about the object's physical
properties or the spatial structure of the surrounding medium but relies only
on a real-time scattering matrix measurement and a positional guidestar. Our
experiment demonstrates the possibility of optimally moving and rotating
objects, extending the reach of wave-based object manipulation to complex and
dynamic scattering media. We envision new opportunities for biomedical
applications, sensing, or manufacturing.


  Starting from three-dimensional elasticity we derive a rod theory for biphase
materials with a prescribed dislocation at the interface. The stored energy
density is assumed to be non-negative and to vanish on a set consisting of two
copies of SO(3). First, we rigorously justify the assumption of dislocations at
the interface. Then, we consider the typical scaling of multiphase materials
and we perform an asymptotic study of the rescaled energy, as the diameter of
the rod goes to zero, in the framework of $\Gamma$-convergence.


  Testing configurable systems continues to be challenging and costly.
Generation of configurations for testing tends to use either techniques based
on semantic sampling (e.g., logical formulas over configuration variables,
often called presence conditions) or structural code metrics (e.g., code
coverage). In this paper we describe our hybrid approaches that combine these
two kinds of techniques to good effect. We present new configuration-generation
algorithms that leverage constraint solving (SAT and MaxSAT) and configuration
fuzzing, and implement our approach in a configuration-generation framework,
CONFIZZ. CONFIZZ both enables the generation of maximal configurations (maximal
sets of presence conditions that can be satisfied together) and performs
code-metric guided configuration fuzzing. Results from evaluation on BusyBox, a
highly configurable benchmark, show that our MaxSAT-based configuration
generation achieves better coverage for several code metrics. Results also show
that, when high coverage of multiple configurations is needed, CONFIZZ's
presence-condition fuzzing outperforms alternatives.


  Migdal-Eliashberg theory describes the properties of the normal and
superconducting states of electron-phonon mediated superconductors based on a
perturbative treatment of the electron-phonon interactions. It is necessary to
include both electron and phonon self-energies self-consistently in
Migdal-Eliashberg theory in order to match numerically exact results from
determinantal quantum Monte Carlo in the adiabatic limit. In this work we
provide a method to obtain the real-axis solutions of the Migdal-Eliashberg
equations with electron and phonon self-energies calculated self-consistently.
Our method avoids the typical challenge of computing cumbersome singular
integrals on the real axis and is numerically stable and exhibits fast
convergence. Analyzing the resulting real-frequency spectra and self-energies
of the two-dimensional Holstein model, we find that self-consistently including
the lowest-order correction to the phonon self-energy significantly affects the
solution of the Migdal-Eliashberg equations. The calculation captures the
broadness of the spectral function, renormalization of the phonon dispersion,
enhanced effective electron-phonon coupling strength, minimal increase in the
electron effective mass, and the enhancement of superconductivity which
manifests as a superconducting ground state despite strong competition with
charge-density-wave order. We discuss surprising differences in two common
definitions of the electron-phonon coupling strength derived from the electron
mass and the density of states, quantities which are accessible through
experiments such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and electron
tunneling. An approximate upper bound on $2\Delta / T_c$ for conventional
superconductors mediated by retarded electron-phonon interactions is proposed.


  We have carried out a survey of short-period pulsations among a sample of
carefully chosen cool Ap stars using time-resolved observations with the UVES
spectrometer at the ESO 8-m VLT telescope. Here we report the discovery of
pulsations with amplitudes 50-100 m/s and periods 7-12 min in HD132205,
HD148593 and HD151860. These objects are therefore established as new rapidly
oscillating Ap (roAp) stars. In addition, we independently confirm the presence
of pulsations in HD69013, HD96237 and HD143487 and detect, for the first time,
radial velocity oscillations in two previously known photometric roAp stars
HD119027 and HD185256. At the same time, no pulsation variability is found for
HD5823, HD178892 and HD185204. All of the newly discovered roAp stars were
previously classified as non-pulsating based on the low-precision ground-based
photometric surveys. This shows that such observations cannot be used to
reliably distinguish between pulsating and non-pulsating stars and that all
cool Ap stars may harbor p-mode pulsations of different amplitudes.


  If no optimal propositional proof system exists, we (and independently
Pudl\'ak) prove that ruling out length $t$ proofs of any unprovable sentence is
hard. This mapping from unprovable to hard-to-prove sentences powerfully
translates facts about noncomputability into complexity theory. For instance,
because proving string $x$ is Kolmogorov random ($x{\in}R$) is typically
impossible, it is typically hard to prove "no length $t$ proof shows
$x{\in}R$", or tautologies encoding this. Therefore, a proof system with one
family of hard tautologies has these densely in an enumeration of families. The
assumption also implies that a natural language is $\textbf{NP}$-intermediate:
with $R$ redefined to have a sparse complement, the complement of the language
$\{\langle x,1^t\rangle|$ no length $t$ proof exists of $x{\in}R\}$ is also
sparse.
  Efficiently ruling out length $t$ proofs of $x{\in}R$ might violate the
constraint on using the fact of $x{\in}R$'s unprovability. We conjecture: any
computable predicate on $R$ that might be used in if-then statements (or
case-based proofs) does no better than branching at random, because $R$ appears
random by any effective test. This constraint could also inhibit the usefulness
in circuits and propositional proofs of NOT gates and cancellation -- needed to
encode if-then statements. If $R$ defeats if-then logic, exhaustive search is
necessary.


  We compute genus two partition functions in two dimensional conformal field
theories at large central charge, focusing on surfaces that give the third
Renyi entropy of two intervals. We compute this for generalized free theories
and for symmetric orbifolds, and compare it to the result in pure gravity. We
find a new phase transition if the theory contains a light operator of
dimension $\Delta\leq0.19$. This means in particular that unlike the second
Renyi entropy, the third one is no longer universal.


  We study the topologically twisted index of 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric
gauge theories with unitary gauge groups. We implement a Gr\"obner basis
algorithm for computing the $\Sigma_g\times S^1$ index explicitly and exactly
in terms of the associated Bethe ideal, which is defined as the algebraic ideal
associated with the Bethe equations of the corresponding 3d $A$-model. We then
revisit recently discovered infrared dualities for unitary SQCD with gauge
group $U(N_c)_{k, k +l N_c}$ with $l\neq 0$, namely the Nii duality that
generalises the Giveon-Kutasov duality, the Amariti-Rota duality that
generalises the Aharony duality, and their further generalisations in the case
of arbitrary numbers of fundamental and antifundamental chiral multiplets. In
particular, we determine all the flavour Chern-Simons contact terms needed to
make these dualities work. This allows us to check that the twisted indices of
dual theories match exactly. We also initiate the study of the Witten index of
unitary SQCD with $l\neq 0$.


  In order to answer this question, we combine ten independent astrophysical
constraints in the space of the density parameters $\Omega_m$ of gravitating
matter and $\Omega_{\Lambda}$ of vacuum energy. We find that $\Omega_m=0.31\pm
0.07$, $\Omega_{\Lambda}=0.63\pm 0.21$, and thus $\Omega_m +
\Omega_{\Lambda}=0.94\pm 0.22$. The total $\chi^2$ is 4.1 for 8 degrees of
freedom, testifying that the various systematic errors included are generous.
We also determine $\Omega_m$ in the exactly flat case. Five supplementary
flat-case constraints can then be included in our fit, with the result
$\Omega_m=1-\Omega_{\Lambda}= 0.337\pm0.031$. It follows that the age of the
Universe is $t_0 = 13.5\pm 1.3$ (0.68/h) Gyr.


  Surveys are a crucial tool for understanding public opinion and behavior, and
their accuracy depends on maintaining statistical representativeness of their
target populations by minimizing biases from all sources. Increasing data size
shrinks confidence intervals but magnifies the impact of survey bias, an
instance of the Big Data Paradox (Meng 2018). Here we demonstrate this paradox
in estimates of first-dose COVID-19 vaccine uptake in US adults:
Delphi-Facebook (about 250,000 responses per week) and Census Household Pulse
(about 75,000 per week). By May 2021, Delphi-Facebook overestimated uptake by
17 percentage points and Census Household Pulse by 14, compared to a benchmark
from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Moreover, their
large data sizes led to minuscule margins of error on the incorrect estimates.
In contrast, an Axios-Ipsos online panel with about 1,000 responses following
survey research best practices (AAPOR) provided reliable estimates and
uncertainty. We decompose observed error using a recent analytic framework to
explain the inaccuracy in the three surveys. We then analyze the implications
for vaccine hesitancy and willingness. We show how a survey of 250,000
respondents can produce an estimate of the population mean that is no more
accurate than an estimate from a simple random sample of size 10. Our central
message is that data quality matters far more than data quantity, and
compensating the former with the latter is a mathematically provable losing
proposition.


  In this paper, we considered the theory of quasideterminants and row and
column determinants. We considered the application of this theory to the
solving of a system of linear equations in quaternion algebra. We established
correspondence between row and column determinants and quasideterminants of
matrix over quaternion algebra.


  We explore the room for possible deviations from the Standard Model (SM)
Higgs boson coupling structure in a systematic study of Higgs coupling scale
factor benchmark scenarios using the latest signal rate measurements from the
Tevatron and LHC experiments. We employ chi-squared fits performed with
HiggsSignals, which takes into account detailed information on signal
efficiencies and major correlations of theoretical and experimental
uncertainties. All considered scenarios allow for additional non-standard Higgs
boson decay modes, and various assumptions for constraining the total decay
width are discussed. No significant deviations from the SM Higgs boson coupling
structure are found in any of the investigated benchmark scenarios. We derive
upper limits on an additional (undetectable) Higgs decay mode under the
assumption that the Higgs couplings to weak gauge bosons do not exceed the SM
prediction. We furthermore discuss the capabilities of future facilities for
probing deviations from the SM Higgs couplings, comparing the high luminosity
upgrade of the LHC with a future International Linear Collider (ILC), where for
the latter various energy and luminosity scenarios are considered. At the ILC
model-independent measurements of the coupling structure can be performed, and
we provide estimates of the precision that can be achieved.


  Speaker recognition (SR) is widely used in our daily life as a biometric
authentication or identification mechanism. The popularity of SR brings in
serious security concerns, as demonstrated by recent adversarial attacks.
However, the impacts of such threats in the practical black-box setting are
still open, since current attacks consider the white-box setting only. In this
paper, we conduct the first comprehensive and systematic study of the
adversarial attacks on SR systems (SRSs) to understand their security weakness
in the practical blackbox setting. For this purpose, we propose an adversarial
attack, named FAKEBOB, to craft adversarial samples. Specifically, we formulate
the adversarial sample generation as an optimization problem, incorporated with
the confidence of adversarial samples and maximal distortion to balance between
the strength and imperceptibility of adversarial voices. One key contribution
is to propose a novel algorithm to estimate the score threshold, a feature in
SRSs, and use it in the optimization problem to solve the optimization problem.
We demonstrate that FAKEBOB achieves 99% targeted attack success rate on both
open-source and commercial systems. We further demonstrate that FAKEBOB is also
effective on both open-source and commercial systems when playing over the air
in the physical world. Moreover, we have conducted a human study which reveals
that it is hard for human to differentiate the speakers of the original and
adversarial voices. Last but not least, we show that four promising defense
methods for adversarial attack from the speech recognition domain become
ineffective on SRSs against FAKEBOB, which calls for more effective defense
methods. We highlight that our study peeks into the security implications of
adversarial attacks on SRSs, and realistically fosters to improve the security
robustness of SRSs.


  We propose definitions of complex manifolds $\mathcal{P}_M(X,m,n)$ that could
potentially be used to construct the symplectic Khovanov homology of
$n$-stranded links in lens spaces. The manifolds $\mathcal{P}_M(X,m,n)$ are
defined as moduli spaces of Hecke modifications of rank 2 parabolic bundles
over an elliptic curve $X$. To characterize these spaces, we describe all
possible Hecke modifications of all possible rank 2 vector bundles over $X$,
and we use these results to define a canonical open embedding of
$\mathcal{P}_M(X,m,n)$ into $M^s(X,m+n)$, the moduli space of stable rank 2
parabolic bundles over $X$ with trivial determinant bundle and $m+n$ marked
points. We explicitly compute $\mathcal{P}_M(X,1,n)$ for $n=0,1,2$. For
comparison, we present analogous results for the case of rational curves, for
which a corresponding complex manifold $\mathcal{P}_M(\mathbb{CP}^1,3,n)$ is
isomorphic for $n$ even to a space $\mathcal{Y}(S^2,n)$ defined by Seidel and
Smith that can be used to compute the symplectic Khovanov homology of
$n$-stranded links in $S^3$.


  We report on the magnetization dynamics of a square array of mesoscopic
discs, fabricated from an iron palladium alloy film. The dynamics properties
were explored using ferromagnetic resonance measurements and micromagnetic
simulations. The obtained spectra exhibit features resulting from the
interactions between the discs, with a clear dependence on both temperature and
the direction of the externally applied field. We demonstrate a qualitative
agreement between the measured and calculated spectra. Furthermore, we
calculated the mode profiles of the standing spin waves excited during a
time-dependent magnetic field excitations. The resulting maps confirm that the
features appearing in the ferromagnetic resonance absorption spectra originate
from the temperature and directional dependent inter-disc interactions.


  The ground state at 4/11 filling factor is very well understood [Phys. Rev.
Lett. 112, 016801 (2014)] in terms of the 1/3 filled second effective Landau
level of the composite fermions whose correlations resemble with that of
electrons in the ground state of two-body Haldane pseudo-potential of relative
angular momentum 3, $V_3$. We here propose a closed-form ground state wave
function for $V_3$ at 1/3 filling factor. We successfully compare it with the
exact wave function for the systems with a few electrons, by calculating their
mutual overlap, pair-correlation function, and entanglement spectra. By
numerical exact diagonalization for a few electron systems, we find a window of
nonzero $V_3$ is essential together with $V_1$ for being 4/11 state
incompressible. The constructed wave function for 4/11 state using this
proposed wave function has satisfactorily high overlap with the previously
studied composite-fermion-diagonalized ground state wave function.


  We study intermediate sums, interpolating between integrals and discrete
sums, which were introduced by A. Barvinok [Computing the Ehrhart
quasi-polynomial of a rational simplex, Math. Comp. 75 (2006), 1449--1466]. For
a given semi-rational polytope P and a rational subspace L, we integrate a
given polynomial function h over all lattice slices of the polytope P parallel
to the subspace L and sum up the integrals. We first develop an algorithmic
theory of parametric intermediate generating functions. Then we study the
Ehrhart theory of these intermediate sums, that is, the dependence of the
result as a function of a dilation of the polytope. We provide an algorithm to
compute the resulting Ehrhart quasi-polynomials in the form of explicit step
polynomials. These formulas are naturally valid for real (not just integer)
dilations and thus provide a direct approach to real Ehrhart theory.


  With small-scale quantum processors transitioning from experimental physics
labs to industrial products, these processors allow us to efficiently compute
important algorithms in various fields. In this paper, we propose a quantum
algorithm to address the challenging field of big data processing for genome
sequence reconstruction. This research describes an architecture-aware
implementation of a quantum algorithm for sub-sequence alignment. A new
algorithm named QiBAM (quantum indexed bidirectional associative memory) is
proposed, that uses approximate pattern-matching based on Hamming distances.
QiBAM extends the Grover's search algorithm in two ways to allow for: (1)
approximate matches needed for read errors in genomics, and (2) a distributed
search for multiple solutions over the quantum encoding of DNA sequences. This
approach gives a quadratic speedup over the classical algorithm. A full
implementation of the algorithm is provided and verified using the OpenQL
compiler and QX simulator framework. This represents a first exploration
towards a full-stack quantum accelerated genome sequencing pipeline design. The
open-source implementation can be found on
https://github.com/prince-ph0en1x/QAGS.


  Particle acceleration in microstructures driven by ultrafast solid state
lasers is a rapidly evolving area of advanced accelerator research, leading to
a variety of concepts based on planar-symmetric dielectric gratings, hollow
core fibers, photonic crystals, and plasmonic meta-surfaces. This approach
leverages well-established industrial fabrication capabilities and the
commercial availability of tabletop lasers to reduce cost, with demonstrated
axial accelerating fields in the GV/m range. Wide-ranging international efforts
have significantly improved understanding of gradient limits, structure design,
particle focusing and transport, staging, and development of compatible
low-emittance electron sources. With a near-term focus on low-current MeV-scale
applications for compact scientific and medical instruments, as well as novel
diagnostics capabilities, structure-based laser-driven accelerators have
several key benefits that warrant consideration for future high-energy physics
machines, including low beamstrahlung energy loss, modest power requirements,
stability, and readiness of supporting technologies.


  This note reviews some of the recent progresses in the study of high
temperature superconductivity in the interface between a single unit cell FeSe
and SrTiO$_3$. It offers the author's personal view of why $T_c$ is high and
how to further increase it.


  The boloSource() algorithm is a tool to separate the signal of compact
sources from that of the diffuse background in the timeline of far-infrared
measurements performed by the PACS camera of the Herschel Space Observatory. An
important characteristic and quality indicator of this method is that how well
it can reproduce the flux of faint standard stars which have reliable flux
estimates. For this propose we selected a few calibrator targets and
constructed light curves by extracting point source flux for each repetition of
the measurements independently using standard aperture photometry methods.
These were compared with the light curves obtained using the boloSource()
method on the same dataset. The results indicate that boloSource() provides a
similar level of photometric accuracy and reproducibility as the usual flux
extraction and photometry methods. This new technique will be developed further
and also tested against other methods in more complex fields with the goal to
make it usable for large-scale studies in the future.


  During Parker Solar Probe (Parker) Encounter 15 (E15), we observe an 18-hour
period of near subsonic ($\mathrm{M_S \sim}$ 1) and sub-Alfv\'enic (SA),
$\mathrm{M_A}$ <<< 1, slow speed solar wind from 22 to 15.6 R$_\odot$. As the
most extreme SA interval measured to date and skirting the solar wind sonic
point, it is the deepest Parker has probed into the formation and acceleration
region of the solar wind in the corona. The stream is also measured by Wind and
MMS near 1AU at times consistent with ballistic propagation of this slow
stream. We investigate the stream source, properties and potential coronal
heating consequences via combining these observations with coronal modeling and
turbulence analysis. Through source mapping, in situ evidence and multi-point
arrival time considerations of a candidate CME, we determine the stream is a
steady (non-transient), long-lived and approximately Parker spiral aligned and
arises from overexpanded field lines mapping back to an active region.
Turbulence analysis of the Els\"{a}sser variables shows the inertial range
scaling of the $\mathrm{\mathbf{z}^{+}}$ mode ($\mathrm{f \sim ^{-3/2}}$) to be
dominated by the slab component. We discuss the spectral flattening and
difficulties associated with measuring the $\mathrm{\mathbf{z}^{-}}$ spectra,
cautioning against making definitive conclusions from the
$\mathrm{\mathbf{z}^{-}}$ mode. Despite being more extreme than prior
sub-Alfv\'enic intervals, its turbulent nature does not appear to be
qualitatively different from previously observed streams. We conclude that this
extreme low dynamic pressure solar wind interval (which has the potential for
extreme space weather conditions) is a large, steady structure spanning at
least to 1AU.


  We investigate time-dependent inviscid hydrodynamical accretion flows onto a
black hole using numerical simulations. We consider the accretion that consists
of hot tenuous gas with low specific angular momentum and cold dense gas with
high specific angular momentum. The former accretes continuously and the latter
highly intermittently as blobs. The high specific angular momentum gas blobs
bounce at the centrifugal barrier and create shock waves. The low specific
angular momentum gas is heated at the shock fronts and escapes along the
rotation axis. The outgoing gas evolves into pressure-driven jets. Jet
acceleration lasts until the shock waves fade out. The total amount of the mass
ejection is about 1-11 % of the mass of the blobs. The jet mass increases when
the gas blobs are more massive or have larger specific angular momentum. We get
narrower well-collimated jets when the hot continuous flow has a lower
temperature. In the numerical simulations we used a finite difference code
based on the total variation diminishing scheme. It is extended to include the
blackbody radiation and to apply the multi time step scheme for time marching.


  Barium stars have been studied extensively over the past few decades, yet our
current understanding of how these intriguing objects formed leaves much to be
desired. Many trends observed in systems containing barium stars cannot be
satisfactorily explained by classical binary evolution models, naturally
raising the question of whether triples and other higher-order multiples can
give rise to such exotic objects. In this paper, we study the possibility that
a Roche Lobe overflow from a tertiary in a hierarchical triple system can
potentially lead to surface barium enrichment within the inner binary, while at
the same time causing the inner binary to merge, thereby producing a barium
star. This possibility has the potential to form a large proportion of Barium
stars, as Roche Lobe overflow from a tertiary is typically much more stable for
close orbits than that from a binary companion. Various formation channels and
mechanisms by which this can be achieved are considered, and constraints on
relative formation rates are placed on each scenario. We conclude that a
significant, if not dominant, proportion of barium stars are formed from
hierarchical triple systems, and that further studies are required in this area
before a complete understanding of Barium star populations can be achieved.


  We study, to the best of our knowledge, the first Bayesian algorithm for
unimodal Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) problems with graph structure. In this
setting, each arm corresponds to a node of a graph and each edge provides a
relationship, unknown to the learner, between two nodes in terms of expected
reward. Furthermore, for any node of the graph there is a path leading to the
unique node providing the maximum expected reward, along which the expected
reward is monotonically increasing. Previous results on this setting describe
the behavior of frequentist MAB algorithms. In our paper, we design a Thompson
Sampling-based algorithm whose asymptotic pseudo-regret matches the lower bound
for the considered setting. We show that -as it happens in a wide number of
scenarios- Bayesian MAB algorithms dramatically outperform frequentist ones. In
particular, we provide a thorough experimental evaluation of the performance of
our and state-of-the-art algorithms as the properties of the graph vary.


  A row co-isometry is a family $(V_i)_{i=0}^{N-1}$ of operators on a Hilbert
space, subject to the relation $$\sum_{i=0}^{N-1}V_iV_i^*=I.$$ As shown in
\cite{BJK00}, row co-isometries appear as compressions of representations of
Cuntz algebras.
  In this paper we will present some general constructions of Parseval frames
for Hilbert spaces, obtained by iterating the operators $V_i$ on a finite set
of vectors. The constructions are based on random walks on finite graphs. As
applications of our constructions we obtain Parseval Fourier bases on
self-affine measures and Parseval Walsh bases on the interval. \end{abstract}


  We analytically diagonalize a discrete-time on-site interacting fermionic
cellular automaton in the two-particle sector. Important features of the
solutions sensibly differ from those of analogous Hamiltonian models. In
particular, we found a wider variety of scattering processes, we have bound
states for every value of the total momentum, and there exist bound states also
in the free case, where the coupling constant is null.


  A key functionality of emerging connected autonomous systems such as smart
cities, smart transportation systems, and the industrial Internet-of-Things, is
the ability to process and learn from data collected at different physical
locations. This is increasingly attracting attention under the terms of
distributed learning and federated learning. However, in connected autonomous
systems, data transfer takes place over communication networks with often
limited resources. This paper examines algorithms for communication-efficient
learning for linear regression tasks by exploiting the informativeness of the
data. The developed algorithms enable a tradeoff between communication and
learning with theoretical performance guarantees and efficient practical
implementations.


  In this paper, we explore the significant, non-linear impact that stellar
winds have on H ii regions. We perform a parameter study using
three-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of wind and
ultraviolet radiation feedback from a 35 Msun star formed self-consistently in
a turbulent, self-gravitating cloud, similar to the Orion Nebula (M42) and its
main ionizing source Theta 1 Ori C. Stellar winds suppress early radiative
feedback by trapping ionizing radiation in the shell around the wind bubble.
Rapid breakouts of warm photoionized gas ('champagne flows') still occur if the
star forms close to the edge of the cloud. The impact of wind bubbles can be
enhanced if we detect and remove numerical overcooling caused by shocks
crossing grid cells. However, the majority of the energy in the wind bubble is
still lost to turbulent mixing between the wind bubble and the gas around it.
These results begin to converge if the spatial resolution at the wind bubble
interface is increased by refining the grid on pressure gradients. Wind bubbles
form a thin chimney close to the star, which then expands outwards as an
extended plume once the wind bubble breaks out of the dense core the star
formed in, allowing them to expand faster than a spherical wind bubble. We also
find wind bubbles mixing completely with the photoionized gas when the H ii
region breaks out of the cloud as a champagne flow, a process we term 'hot
champagne'.


  We study several variants of q-Garnier system corresponding to various
directions of discrete time evolutions. We also investigate a relation between
the $q$-Garnier system and Suzuki's higher order $q$-Painlev/'e system by using
a duality of the $q$-KP system.


  The evolution of star-forming regions and their thermal balance are strongly
influenced by their chemical composition, that, in turn, is determined by the
physico-chemical processes that govern the transition between the gas phase and
the solid state, specifically icy dust grains (e.g., particles adsorption and
desorption). Gas-grain and grain-gas transitions as well as formation and
sublimation of interstellar ices are thus essential elements of understanding
astrophysical observations of cold environments (e.g., pre-stellar cores) where
unexpected amounts of a large variety of chemical species have been observed in
the gas phase. Adsorbed atoms and molecules also undergo chemical reactions
which are not efficient in the gas phase. Therefore, the parameterization of
the physical properties of atoms and molecules interacting with dust grain
particles is clearly a key aspect to interpret astronomical observations and to
build realistic and predictive astrochemical models. In this consensus
evaluation, we focus on parameters controlling the thermal desorption of ices
and how these determine pathways towards molecular complexity and define the
location of snowlines, which ultimately influence the planet formation process.
We review different crucial aspects of desorption parameters both from a
theoretical and experimental point of view. We critically assess the desorption
parameters commonly used in the astrochemical community for astrophysical
relevant species and provide tables with recommended values. In addition, we
show that a non-trivial determination of the pre-exponential factor nu using
the Transition State Theory can affect the binding energy value. Finally, we
conclude this work by discussing the limitations of theoretical and
experimental approaches currently used to determine the desorption properties
with suggestions for future improvements.


  During the 2010 CERN Large Hadron Collider operation at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV,
35 pb$^{-1}$ of high $p_T$ triggers has been collected by the ATLAS detector.
This corresponds to the production of approximately $\number 2500$ top-quark
pair events containing at least one lepton in the final state ($e$ or $\mu$).


  The pseudospin quantum degree of freedom is one of the most remarkable
properties of graphene that distinguishes it from ordinary two-dimensional
metals and semiconductors. Pseudospin quantum interference leads to weak
antilocalization (WAL) and is influenced strongly by point defects and thermal
perturbations that break chirality and destroy phase coherence. Preserving and
manipulating quantum transport properties up to room temperature is key to
realizing practical pseudospin-based graphene devices. Here we report
fabrication and transport characterization of graphene field-effect devices on
a complex-oxide heterostructure, LaAlO3/SrTiO3. Signatures of WAL, a
consequence of pseudospin quantum interference, persist up to room temperature.
The LaAlO3/SrTiO3 substrate plays a critical role in suppressing short-range
impurity scattering and electron-phonon coupling. The observation of quantum
transport signatures at room temperature is unique to this system and presents
new opportunities for the development of pseudospin-based devices and novel
multifunctional devices that couple to the complex-oxide interface.


  We remind the properties of the intelligent (and quasi-intelligent) spin
states introduced by Aragone et al. We use these states to construct families
of coherent wave packets on the sphere and we sketch the time evolution of
these wave packets for a rigid body molecule.


  Optical properties of a metasurface which can be considered a monolayer of
two classical uniaxial metamaterials, parallel-plate and nanorod arrays, are
investigated. It is shown that such metasurface acts as an ultimately thin
sub-50 nm wave plate. This is achieved via an interplay of epsilon-near-zero
and epsilon-near-pole behavior along different axes in the plane of the
metasurface allowing for extremely rapid phase difference accumulation in very
thin metasurface layers. These effects are shown to not be disrupted by
non-locality and can be applied to the design of ultrathin wave plates,
Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements and plasmon-carrying optical torque
wrench devices.


  We report the ab initio study of rare-earth adatoms (Gd) on an insulating
surface. This surface is of interest because of previous studies by scanning
tunneling microscopy showing spin excitations of transition metal adatoms. The
present work is the first study of rare-earth spin-coupled adatoms, as well as
the geometry effect of spin coupling, and the underlying mechanism of
ferromagnetic coupling. The exchange coupling between Gd atoms on the surface
is calculated to be antiferromagnetic in a linear geometry and ferromagnetic in
a diagonal geometry, by considering their collinear spins and using the PBE+U
exchange correlation. We also find the Gd dimers in these two geometries are
similar to the nearest-neighbor (NN) and the next-NN Gd atoms in GdN bulk. We
analyze how much direct exchange, superexchange, and RKKY interactions
contribute to the exchange coupling for both geometries by additional
first-principles calculations of related model systems.


  It is proved in this paper that there is a nonlocal asymptotic splitting (in
the integral sense) of the function $Z^4(t)$ into two factors. The
corresponding formula cannot be obtained in the known theories of
Balasubramanian, Heath-Brown and Ivic.


  Euler graphs with only one (two) type(s) of cycles under (mod 4) operation
were studied in Part-I(II). Here we consider the class of Euler graphs with
only three types of cycles under (mod 4). This gives rise to four cases viz.,
graphs having cycle types (0,1,2), (0,1,3), (0,2,3), (1,2,3). Some
constructions of Euler graphs of each class are given. We prove the existence
of degree two node in part cases and conjecture the existence of degree two
node in every graph of order p>5. As a special case, we conjecture that
regularity is nonexistent in all four cases for graphs of order p>5. That is,
regular Euler graphs of order p>5 with exactly three types of cycles donot
exist. In other words, a regular Euler graph of order p>5 with three types of
cycles has a cycle of fourth type. An example of a nonplanar Euler graph in the
first three cases is given. Graphs of this type satisfying Rosa-Golomb
criterion are nongraceful. In other cases necessary conditions are given and
the graphs are conjectured graceful leading to better understanding of
gracefulness boundaries.


  We consider the problem of electronic quantum transport through ballistic
mesoscopic systems with chaotic dynamics, connected to a three-terminal
architecture in which one of the terminals has a tunnel barrier. Using a
semiclassical approximation based on matrix integrals, we calculate several
transport statistics, such as average and variance of conductance, average
shot-noise power, among others, that give access to the extreme quantum regime
(small channel numbers in the terminal) for broken and intact time-reversal
symmetry, which the traditional random matrix approach does not access. As an
application, we treat the dephasing regime.


  Order statistics find applications in various areas of communications and
signal processing. In this paper, we introduce an unified analytical framework
to determine the joint statistics of partial sums of ordered random variables
(RVs). With the proposed approach, we can systematically derive the joint
statistics of any partial sums of ordered statistics, in terms of the moment
generating function (MGF) and the probability density function (PDF). Our
MGF-based approach applies not only when all the K ordered RVs are involved but
also when only the Ks (Ks < K) best RVs are considered. In addition, we present
the closed-form expressions for the exponential RV special case. These results
apply to the performance analysis of various wireless communication systems
over fading channels.


  We give a real-variable proof of the Hardy uncertainty principle. The method
is based on energy estimates for evolutions with positive viscosity, convexity
properties of free waves with Gaussian decay at two different times, elliptic
$L^2$-estimates and the invertibility of the Fourier transform on $L^2(\Rn)$
and $\mathcal S'(\Rn)$.


  We build a model of our spacetime by assuming new particles called "space
quanta." In the ambient or bulk spacetime ${\cal S}^{D_{\rm amb}}$ ($D_{\rm
amb} \ge 4$), a multitude of space quanta form a nearly three-dimensional
object, whose continuum approximation is called the space 3-brane. The world
volume ${\cal WV}_{\rm sq}$ of this space 3-brane is described by an embedding
$f^A(x^\mu) \in {\cal S}^{D_{\rm amb}}$, which produces the induced metric
$\gamma_{\mu \nu}$ on the world volume ${\cal WV}_{\rm sq}$. This emergent
spacetime (${\cal WV}_{\rm sq}, \gamma_{\mu \nu}$) from the many space quanta
is proposed as the particle model of our spacetime. To study our spacetime
(${\cal WV}_{\rm sq}, \gamma_{\mu \nu}$), we construct what we call the
Aim-At-Target (AAT) method, which introduces an action for a 4D metric $g_{\mu
\nu}$. This metric action from the AAT method can lead to General Relativity at
low enough energies. The spacetime (${\cal S}_{\rm GR}, {\bf g}_{\mu \nu}$) of
General Relativity is, at least, a good approximation to the exact or true
spacetime (${\cal WV}_{\rm sq}, \gamma_{\mu \nu}$) of our universe.


  When analysing binary data, the ease at which one can interpret results is
very important. Many existing methods, however, discover either models that are
difficult to read, or return so many results interpretation becomes impossible.
Here, we study a fully automated approach for mining easily interpretable
models for binary data. We model data hierarchically with noisy
tiles-rectangles with significantly different density than their parent tile.
To identify good trees, we employ the Minimum Description Length principle.
  We propose STIJL, a greedy any-time algorithm for mining good tile trees from
binary data. Iteratively, it finds the locally optimal addition to the current
tree, allowing overlap with tiles of the same parent. A major result of this
paper is that we find the optimal tile in only $\Theta(NM\min(N, M))$ time.
STIJL can either be employed as a top-$k$ miner, or by MDL we can identify the
tree that describes the data best.
  Experiments show we find succinct models that accurately summarise the data,
and, by their hierarchical property are easily interpretable.


  Evidence of azimuthal asymmetries in the time structure and signal size have
been found in non-vertical showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory. It has been
previously shown that the asymmetry in time distributions offers a new
possibility for the determination of the mass composition. New studies have
demonstrated that the dependence of the asymmetry parameter in the rise-time
and fall-time distributions with sec(theta) shows a clear peak. Both, the
position of the peak, X_asymax, and the size of the asymmetry at X_asymax are
sensitive to primary mass composition and have a small dependence on energy. In
this paper a study of the discriminating power of the new observables to
separate primary species is presented.


  We present results on THGEM operation at low gas pressures, in the range
0.5-50 Torr. Gaseous gain up to 100000 was recorded at 10 Torr of Isobutane in
a single multiplier element, with pulses rise-time in the few ns range.
Cascaded operation of two THGEMs is reported, with similar total gain but at
lower voltages on each element. The present work encompasses a large variety of
THGEM geometries and includes electric-field distribution calculations and
electron transport simulations. We discuss the operation mechanism and some
possible applications of THGEMs at low gas pressures.


  The problem of matching unlabelled point sets using Bayesian inference is
considered. Two recently proposed models for the likelihood are compared, based
on the Procrustes size-and-shape and the full configuration. Bayesian inference
is carried out for matching point sets using Markov chain Monte Carlo
simulation. An improvement to the existing Procrustes algorithm is proposed
which improves convergence rates, using occasional large jumps in the burn-in
period. The Procrustes and configuration methods are compared in a simulation
study and using real data, where it is of interest to estimate the strengths of
matches between protein binding sites. The performance of both methods is
generally quite similar, and a connection between the two models is made using
a Laplace approximation.


  In this paper, we propose a class of stochastic exponential discrete gradient
schemes for SDEs with linear and gradient components in the coefficients. The
root mean-square errors of the schemes are analyzed, and the
structure-preserving properties of the schemes for SDEs with special structures
are investigated. Numerical tests are performed to verify the theoretical
results and illustrate the numerical behavior of the proposed methods.


  In the bounded retrieval model, the adversary can leak a certain amount of
information from the message sender's computer (e.g., 10 percent of the hard
drive). Bellare, Kane and Rogaway give an efficient symmetric encryption scheme
in the bounded retrieval model. Their scheme uses a giant key (a key so large
only a fraction of it can be leaked.) One property of their scheme is that the
encrypted message is larger than the original message. Rogaway asked if an
efficient scheme exists that does not increase the size of the message. In this
paper we present such a scheme.


  We study monads resulting from the combination of nondeterministic and
probabilistic behaviour with the possibility of termination, which is essential
in program semantics. Our main contributions are presentation results for the
monads, providing equational reasoning tools for establishing equivalences and
distances of programs.


  When two identical two-dimensional (2D) periodic lattices are stacked in
parallel after rotating one layer by a certain angle relative to the other
layer, the resulting bilayer system can lose lattice periodicity completely and
become a 2D quasicrystal. Twisted bilayer graphene with 30-degree rotation is a
representative example. We show that such quasicrystalline bilayer systems
generally develop macroscopically degenerate localized zero-energy states
(ZESs) in strong coupling limit where the interlayer couplings are
overwhelmingly larger than the intralayer couplings. The emergent chiral
symmetry in strong coupling limit and aperiodicity of bilayer quasicrystals
guarantee the existence of the ZESs. The macroscopically degenerate ZESs are
analogous to the flat bands of periodic systems, in that both are composed of
localized eigenstates, which give divergent density of states. For monolayers,
we consider the triangular, square, and honeycomb lattices, comprised of
homogenous tiling of three possible planar regular polygons: the equilateral
triangle, square, and regular hexagon. We construct a compact theoretical
framework, which we call the quasiband model, that describes the low energy
properties of bilayer quasicrystals and counts the number of ZESs using a
subset of Bloch states of monolayers. We also propose a simple geometric scheme
in real space which can show the spatial localization of ZESs and count their
number. Our work clearly demonstrates that bilayer quasicrystals in strong
coupling limit are an ideal playground to study the intriguing interplay of
flat band physics and the aperiodicity of quasicrystals.


  Conventional approaches to human mesh recovery predominantly employ a
region-based strategy. This involves initially cropping out a human-centered
region as a preprocessing step, with subsequent modeling focused on this
zoomed-in image. While effective for single figures, this pipeline poses
challenges when dealing with images featuring multiple individuals, as
different people are processed separately, often leading to inaccuracies in
relative positioning. Despite the advantages of adopting a whole-image-based
approach to address this limitation, early efforts in this direction have
fallen short in performance compared to recent region-based methods. In this
work, we advocate for this under-explored area of modeling all people at once,
emphasizing its potential for improved accuracy in multi-person scenarios
through considering all individuals simultaneously and leveraging the overall
context and interactions. We introduce a new model with a streamlined
transformer-based design, featuring three critical design choices: multi-scale
feature incorporation, focused attention mechanisms, and relative joint
supervision. Our proposed model demonstrates a significant performance
improvement, surpassing state-of-the-art region-based and whole-image-based
methods on various benchmarks involving multiple individuals.


  In this paper, we give precise description for the lowest lowest two-sided
cell c_{0} and the left cells in it for a weighted Coxeter group of rank 3.
Then we show conjectures P1-P15 and \widetilde{P} hold for c_{0} and do some
calculation for the based ring of c_{0}.


  We provide axiomatization and relative quantifier elimination for valued
fields equipped with an automorphism, in residue characteristic zero. Similar
results are known under strong assumptions on the interaction between the
automorphism and the valuation. We remove such assumptions and provide general
treatment. As a consequence we obtain an axiomatization of the transseries
field (as a valued field with an automorphism) equipped with the automorphism
which sends f(x) to f(x+1).


  Backdoor attacks (BA) are an emerging threat to deep neural network
classifiers. A classifier being attacked will predict to the attacker's target
class when a test sample from a source class is embedded with the backdoor
pattern (BP). Recently, the first BA against point cloud (PC) classifiers was
proposed, creating new threats to many important applications including
autonomous driving. Such PC BAs are not detectable by existing BA defenses due
to their special BP embedding mechanism. In this paper, we propose a
reverse-engineering defense that infers whether a PC classifier is backdoor
attacked, without access to its training set or to any clean classifiers for
reference. The effectiveness of our defense is demonstrated on the benchmark
ModeNet40 dataset for PCs.


  Proposed symmetry relations, e.g., quark-lepton complementarity (QLC) or
tribimaximal mixing (TBM), need to be imposed at a high scale $\wedge \sim
10^{12}$ GeV characterising the large masses of right-handed neutrinos required
to implement the seesaw mechanism. RG evolution down to the laboratory scale
$\lambda \sim 10^3$ GeV, generically prone to spoil these relations and their
predicted neutrino mixing patterns, can be made to preserve them by
appropriately constraining the Majorana phases $\alpha_{2,3}$. This is
explicitly demonstrated in the MSSM for two versions of QLC and two versions of
TBM. A preference for $\alpha_2 \simeq \pi$ (i.e. $m_1 \simeq - m_2$) emerges
in each case. Discrimination among the four cases is shown to be possible by
future measurements of $\theta_{13}$.


  Three months of data taken by the Engineering Array Surface Detector of the
Pierre Auger Observatory have been analyzed with the aim of setting a procedure
for the study of showers at E_0 ~ 10^18 eV. We present the results, concerning:
(i) the selection procedure and the check of its efficiency; (ii) the event
rate and its stability; (iii) the characteristics of such events (i.e., angular
direction, energy estimator S(1000), rise time vs core distance, correlation
with pressure) showing their consistency with the expectations. The
performances of the whole Surface Detector of the Auger Observatory are
discussed.


  We study coherent forward scattering (CFS) in critical disordered systems,
whose eigenstates are multifractals. We give general and simple arguments that
make it possible to fully characterize the dynamics of the shape and height of
the CFS peak. We show that the dynamics is governed by multifractal dimensions
$D_1$ and $D_2$, which suggests that CFS could be used as an experimental probe
for quantum multifractality. Our predictions are universal and numerically
verified in three paradigmatic models of quantum multifractality: Power-law
Random Banded Matrices (PRBM), the Ruijsenaars-Schneider ensembles (RS), and
the three-dimensional kicked-rotor (3DKR). In the strong multifractal regime,
we show analytically that these universal predictions exactly coincide with
results from standard perturbation theory applied to the PRBM and RS models.


  We analyze the dynamics of a valence electron of the buckminsterfullerene
molecule (C60) subjected to a circularly polarized laser field by modeling it
with the motion of a classical particle in an annular billiard. We show that
the phase space of the billiard model gives rise to three distinct
trajectories: "Whispering gallery orbits", which only hit the outer billiard
wall, "daisy orbits" which hit both billiard walls (while rotating solely
clockwise or counterclockwise for all time), and orbits which only visit the
downfield part of the billiard, as measured relative to the laser term. These
trajectories, in general, maintain their distinct features, even as intensity
is increased from 10^10 to 10^14 W*cm^-2. We attribute this robust separation
of phase space to the existence of twistless tori.


  In this paper holomorphic families of linear relations which belong to the
Stieltjes or inverse Stieltjes class are studied. It is shown that in their
domain of holomorphy ${\mathbb C}\setminus{\mathbb R}_+$ the values of
Stieltjes and inverse Stieltjes families are, up to a rotation, maximal
sectorial. This leads to a study of the associated closed sesquilinear forms
and their representations. In particular, it is shown that the closed forms
associated with the Stieltjes and inverse Stieltjes families of linear
relations are holomorphic families of type (B) in the sense of Kato. These
results are proved by using linear fractional transforms which connect these
families to holomorphic functions that belong to a combined Nevanlinna-Schur
class and a key tool then relies on a specific structure of contractive
operators.


  Recent observations have revealed a population of $\alpha$-element abundances
enhanced giant stars with unexpected high masses ($\gtrsim$1 $M_\odot$) from
asteroseismic analysis and spectroscopy. Assuming single-star evolution, their
masses imply young ages ($\tau<6$Gyr) incompatible with the canonical Galactic
chemical evolution scenario. Here we study the chemistry and kinematics of a
large sample of such $\alpha$-rich, high-mass red giant branch (RGB) stars
drawn from the LAMOST spectroscopic surveys. Using LAMOST and Gaia, we found
these stars share the same kinematics as the canonical high-$\alpha$ old
stellar population in the Galactic thick disk. The stellar abundances show that
these high-$\alpha$ massive stars have $\alpha$- and iron-peak element
abundances similar to those of the high-$\alpha$ old thick disk stars. However,
a portion of them exhibit higher [(N+C)/Fe] and [Ba/Fe] ratios, which implies
they have gained C- and Ba-rich materials from extra sources, presumably
asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companions. The results support the previous
suggestion that these RGB stars are products of binary evolution. Their high
masses thus mimic "young" single stars, yet in fact they belong to an intrinsic
old stellar population. To fully explain the stellar abundance patterns of our
sample stars, a variety of binary evolution channels, such as, main-sequence
(MS) + RGB, MS + AGB, RGB + RGB and RGB + AGB, are required, pointing to
diverse formation mechanisms of these seemly rejuvenated cannibals. With this
larger sample, our results confirm earlier findings that most, if not all,
$\alpha$-rich stars in the Galactic disk seem to be old.