  This paper presents a study of transmission through arrays of periodic
sub-wavelength apertures. Fundamental limitations for this phenomenon are
formulated as a sum rule, relating the transmission coefficient over a
bandwidth to the static polarizability. The sum rule is rigorously derived for
arbitrary periodic apertures in thin screens. By this sum rule we establish a
physical bound on the transmission bandwidth which is verified numerically for
a number of aperture array designs. We utilize the sum rule to design and
optimize sub-wavelength frequency selective surfaces with a bandwidth close to
the physically attainable. Finally, we verify the sum rule and simulations by
measurements of an array of horseshoe-shaped slots milled in aluminum foil.


  A harmonic triangular lattice with a vacancy under imposed volumetric strain
is considered. Simple asymptotic formula for the displacement field is derived.
The formula has reasonable accuracy at all lattice nodes. Strain concentration
factor, defined as the ratio of the maximal deformation of the bonds adjacent
to the vacancy to the deformations of bonds at infinity, is calculated. It is
shown that the asymptotic formula predicts the strain concentration factor with
4% accuracy. The results are compared with predictions of continuum elasticity
theory. Effective diameter of the vacancy is calculated.


  Quantum algorithms require a universal set of gates that can be implemented
in a physical system. For these, an optimal decomposition into a sequence of
available operations is desired. Here, we present a method to find such
sequences for a small-scale ion trap quantum information processor. We further
adapt the method to state preparation and quantum algorithms with in-sequence
measurements.


  The discovery of new catalysts that are efficient, sustainable, and low-cost
is a major research endeavor for many industrial chemical processes. This
requires an understanding and determination of the catalytic origins for the
given catalysts, which still remains a challenge. Here we describe a novel
method to identify new catalysts based on searching for crystalline
symmetry-protected obstructed atomic insulators (OAIs) that have metallic
surface states on otherwise semiconducting or insulating compounds. The Wannier
charge centers in OAIs are pinned by symmetries at some empty Wyckoff positions
so that surfaces that accommodate these sites are guaranteed to have metallic
obstructed surface states (OSSs). Beyond the well-studied 2H-MoS2, we further
verified our theory on the catalysts, 2H-MoTe2, and 1T'-MoTe2, whose catalytic
active sites are consistent with our calculations of obstructed Wannier charge
centers (OWCCs) and OSSs. In addition, we have predicted the location of
catalytic active sites and confirmed these predictions by exploring the
hydrogen evolution reaction on NiPS3 bulk single crystals, which we find to be
one of the most promising new catalysts with high activity and, moreover, of
low cost. Most importantly, we successfully identified several high-efficient
catalysts just by considering the number of OWCCs and the crystal symmetry of
the OAIs. Using the real space invariant theory and high-throughput
computational methods applied to a database of 34013 topologically trivial
insulators, we have identified 1788 unique OAIs (3383 ICSDs), of which 465 are
potential high-quality catalysts for heterogeneous reactions. The Miller
indices of the active surfaces are also obtained. Our new methodology will
facilitate and accelerate the discovery of new catalysts for a wide range of
heterogeneous redox reactions, where sustainability, toxicity, and cost must be
considered.


  In this research, we investigate a generalized form of Vidale-Wolfe (GVW)
model. One key element of our modeling work is that the GVW model contains two
useful indexes representing advertiser's elasticity and the word-of-mouth (WoM)
effect, respectively. Moreover, we discuss some desirable properties of the GVW
model, and present a deep neural network (DNN)-based estimation method to learn
its parameters. Furthermore, based on three realworld datasets, we conduct
computational experiments to validate the GVW model and identified properties.
In addition, we also discuss potential advantages of the GVW model over
econometric models. The research outcome shows that both the ad elasticity
index and the WoM index have significant influences on advertising responses,
and the GVW model has potential advantages over econometric models of
advertising, in terms of several interesting phenomena drawn from practical
advertising situations. The GVW model and its deep learning-based estimation
method provide a basis to support big data-driven advertising analytics and
decision makings; in the meanwhile, identified properties and experimental
findings of this research illuminate critical managerial insights for
advertisers in various advertising forms.


  Temporal drift of sensory data is a severe problem impacting the data quality
of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). With the proliferation of large-scale and
long-term WSNs, it is becoming more important to calibrate sensors when the
ground truth is unavailable. This problem is called "blind calibration". In
this paper, we propose a novel deep learning method named projection-recovery
network (PRNet) to blindly calibrate sensor measurements online. The PRNet
first projects the drifted data to a feature space, and uses a powerful deep
convolutional neural network to recover the estimated drift-free measurements.
We deploy a 24-sensor testbed and provide comprehensive empirical evidence
showing that the proposed method significantly improves the sensing accuracy
and drifted sensor detection. Compared with previous methods, PRNet can
calibrate 2x of drifted sensors at the recovery rate of 80% under the same
level of accuracy requirement. We also provide helpful insights for designing
deep neural networks for sensor calibration. We hope our proposed simple and
effective approach will serve as a solid baseline in blind drift calibration of
sensor networks.


  Black hole entropy has been shown by 't Hooft to diverge at the horizon. The
region near the horizon is in a thermal state, so entropy is linear to energy
which consequently also diverges. We find a similar divergence for the energy
of the reduced density matrix of relativistic and non-relativistic field
theories, extending previous results in quantum mechanics. This divergence is
due to an infinitely sharp division between the observable and unobservable
regions of space, and it stems from the position/momentum uncertainty relation
in the same way that the momentum fluctuations of a precisely localized quantum
particle diverge. We show that when the boundary between the observable and
unobservable regions is smoothed the divergence is tamed. We argue that the
divergence of black hole entropy can also be interpreted as a consequence of
position/momentum uncertainty, and that 't Hooft's brick wall tames the
divergence in the same way, by smoothing the boundary.


  Machine learning algorithms have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial
manipulation through systematic modification of inputs (e.g., adversarial
examples) in domains such as image recognition. Under the default threat model,
the adversary exploits the unconstrained nature of images; each feature (pixel)
is fully under control of the adversary. However, it is not clear how these
attacks translate to constrained domains that limit which and how features can
be modified by the adversary (e.g., network intrusion detection). In this
paper, we explore whether constrained domains are less vulnerable than
unconstrained domains to adversarial example generation algorithms. We create
an algorithm for generating adversarial sketches: targeted universal
perturbation vectors which encode feature saliency within the envelope of
domain constraints. To assess how these algorithms perform, we evaluate them in
constrained (e.g., network intrusion detection) and unconstrained (e.g., image
recognition) domains. The results demonstrate that our approaches generate
misclassification rates in constrained domains that were comparable to those of
unconstrained domains (greater than 95%). Our investigation shows that the
narrow attack surface exposed by constrained domains is still sufficiently
large to craft successful adversarial examples; and thus, constraints do not
appear to make a domain robust. Indeed, with as little as five randomly
selected features, one can still generate adversarial examples.


  The Tile Automata (TA) model describes self-assembly systems in which
monomers can build structures and transition with an adjacent monomer to change
their states. This paper shows that seeded TA is a non-committal intrinsically
universal model of self-assembly. We present a single universal Tile Automata
system containing approximately 4600 states that can simulate (a) the output
assemblies created by any other Tile Automata system G, (b) the dynamics
involved in building G's assemblies, and (c) G's internal state transitions. It
does so in a non-committal way: it preserves the full non-deterministic
dynamics of a tile's potential attachment or transition by selecting its state
in a single step, considering all possible outcomes until the moment of
selection.
  The system uses supertiles, each encoding the complete system being
simulated. The universal system builds supertiles from its seed, each
representing a single tile in G, transferring the information to simulate G to
each new tile. Supertiles may also asynchronously transition states according
to the rules of G. This result directly transfers to a restricted version of
asynchronous Cellular Automata: pairwise Cellular Automata.


  The combination of a vortex line in a one-dimensional optical lattice with
fermions bound to the vortex core makes up an ultracold superstring. We give a
detailed derivation of the way to make this supersymmetric string in the
laboratory. In particular, we discuss the presence of a fermionic bound state
in the vortex core and the tuning of the laser beams needed to achieve
supersymmetry. Moreover, we discuss experimental consequences of supersymmetry
and identify the precise supersymmetry in the problem. Finally, we make the
mathematical connection with string theory.


  This paper presents CCD multicolour photometry for the old open cluster NGC
188. The observations were carried out as a part of the
Beijing--Arizona--Taiwan--Connecticut Multicolour Sky Survey from 1995 February
to 2008 March, using 15 intermediate-band filters covering 3000--10000 \AA. By
fitting the Padova theoretical isochrones to our data, the fundamental
parameters of this cluster are derived: an age of $t=7.5\pm 0.5$ Gyr, a distant
modulus of $(m-M)_0=11.17\pm0.08$, and a reddening of $E(B-V)=0.036\pm0.010$.
The radial surface density profile of NGC 188 is obtained by star count. By
fitting the King model, the structural parameters of NGC 188 are derived: a
core radius of $R_{c}=3.80'$, a tidal radius of $R_{t}=44.78'$, and a
concentration parameter of $C_{0}=\log(R_{t}/R_{c})=1.07$. Fitting the mass
function to a power-law function $\phi(m) \propto m^{\alpha}$, the slopes of
mass functions for different spatial regions are derived. We find that NGC 188
presents a slope break in the mass function. The break mass is $m_{\rm
break}=0.885~M_{\odot}$. In the mass range above $m_{\rm break}$, the slope of
the overall region is $\alpha=-0.76$. The slope of the core region is
$\alpha=1.09$, and the slopes of the external regions are $\alpha=-0.86$ and
$\alpha=-2.15$, respectively. In the mass range below $m_{\rm break}$, these
slopes are $\alpha=0.12$, $\alpha=4.91$, $\alpha=1.33$, and $\alpha=-1.09$,
respectively. The mass segregation in NGC 188 is reflected in the obvious
variation of the slopes in different spatial regions of this cluster.


  We argue that a Tau-Charm factory (TCF) could improve our knowledge of CKM
matrix elements since it is an incomparable tool to check the models and
methods applied to extract $V_{bu}$ from $B$ decay partial widths.
  We report on some recent proposals to improve on parton model. Turning to
exclusive decays, we compare the predictions from quark models, QCD sum rules,
effective Lagrangians and lattice QCD. Quark models have anticipated on heavy
quark symmetry. Their difficutly to account for the $q^2$ dependence might be
partly cured by relativistic corrections. QCD sum rules and lattice seem to
disagree on the $q^2$ dependence of axial form factors. We discuss the
extrapolation from $D$ to $B$. Present uncertainties do not allow to predict
reliably the $B\ra\pi,\rho l \nu$ matrix elements. We argue that QCD sum rules
are in a good position to study $q^2$ dependence down to $q^2=0$. Lattice QCD
is able to check the heavy quark scaling laws for the heavy to light
semileptonic decays. It seems to confirm the increase of $A_2/A_1$ from $D$ to
$B$ meson predicted by the scaling laws. Finally semileptonic decays in a TCF
would give incomparable informations on $K\pi$ phase shifts, and on $K^{**}$
resonances.


  Recent studies illustrate the correlation between the angular momenta of
cosmic structures and their Lagrangian properties. However, only baryons are
observable and it is unclear whether they reliably trace the cosmic angular
momenta. We study the Lagrangian mass distribution, spin correlation, and
predictability of dark matter, gas, and stellar components of galaxy-halo
systems using IllustrisTNG, and show that the primordial segregations between
components are typically small. Their protoshapes are also similar in terms of
the statistics of moment of inertia tensors. Under the common gravitational
potential they are expected to exert the same tidal torque and the strong spin
correlations are not destroyed by the nonlinear evolution and complicated
baryonic effects, as confirmed by the high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations.
We further show that their late-time angular momenta traced by total gas,
stars, or the central galaxies, can be reliably reconstructed by the initial
perturbations. These results suggest that baryonic angular momenta can
potentially be used in reconstructing the parameters and models related to the
initial perturbations.


  Existing methods for large-scale point cloud semantic segmentation require
expensive, tedious and error-prone manual point-wise annotations. Intuitively,
weakly supervised training is a direct solution to reduce the cost of labeling.
However, for weakly supervised large-scale point cloud semantic segmentation,
too few annotations will inevitably lead to ineffective learning of network. We
propose an effective weakly supervised method containing two components to
solve the above problem. Firstly, we construct a pretext task, \textit{i.e.,}
point cloud colorization, with a self-supervised learning to transfer the
learned prior knowledge from a large amount of unlabeled point cloud to a
weakly supervised network. In this way, the representation capability of the
weakly supervised network can be improved by the guidance from a heterogeneous
task. Besides, to generate pseudo label for unlabeled data, a sparse label
propagation mechanism is proposed with the help of generated class prototypes,
which is used to measure the classification confidence of unlabeled point. Our
method is evaluated on large-scale point cloud datasets with different
scenarios including indoor and outdoor. The experimental results show the large
gain against existing weakly supervised and comparable results to fully
supervised methods\footnote{Code based on mindspore:
https://github.com/dmcv-ecnu/MindSpore\_ModelZoo/tree/main/WS3\_MindSpore}.


  Many stars are surrounded by disks of dusty debris formed in the collisions
of asteroids, comets and dwarf planets. But is gas also released in such
events? Observations at submm wavelengths of the archetypal debris disk around
$\beta$ Pictoris show that 0.3% of a Moon mass of carbon monoxide orbits in its
debris belt. The gas distribution is highly asymmetric, with 30% found in a
single clump 85AU from the star, in a plane closely aligned with the orbit of
the inner planet, $\beta$ Pic b. This gas clump delineates a region of enhanced
collisions, either from a mean motion resonance with an unseen giant planet, or
from the remnants of a collision of Mars-mass planets.


  We propose Matrix ALPS for recovering a sparse plus low-rank decomposition of
a matrix given its corrupted and incomplete linear measurements. Our approach
is a first-order projected gradient method over non-convex sets, and it
exploits a well-known memory-based acceleration technique. We theoretically
characterize the convergence properties of Matrix ALPS using the stable
embedding properties of the linear measurement operator. We then numerically
illustrate that our algorithm outperforms the existing convex as well as
non-convex state-of-the-art algorithms in computational efficiency without
sacrificing stability.


  A key item of interest for planetary scientists and astronomers is the
habitable zone, or the distance from a host star where a terrestrial planet can
maintain necessary temperatures in order to retain liquid water on its surface.
However, when observing a system's habitable zone, it is possible that one may
instead observe a Venus-like planet. We define "Venus-like" as
greenhouse-gas-dominated atmosphere occurring when incoming solar radiation
exceeds infrared radiation emitted from the planet at the top of the
atmosphere, resulting in a runaway greenhouse. Our definition of Venus-like
includes both incipient and post-runaway greenhouse states. Both the
possibility of observing a Venus-like world and the possibility that Venus
could represent an end-state of evolution for habitable worlds, requires an
improved understanding of the Venus-like planet; specifically, the distances
where these planets can exist. Understanding this helps us define a "Venus
zone", or the region in which Venus-like planets could exist, and assess the
overlap with the aforementioned "Habitable Zone". In this study, we use a 1D
radiative-convective climate model to determine the outer edge of the Venus
zone for F0V, G2V, K5V, and M3V and M5V stellar spectral types. Our results
show that the outer edge of the Venus zone resides at 3.01, 1.36, 0.68, 0.23,
and 0.1 AU, respectively. These correspond to incident stellar fluxes of 0.8,
0.55, 0.38, 0.32, and 0.3 S, respectively, where stellar flux is relative to
Earth (1.0). These results indicate that there may be considerable overlap
between the habitable zone and the Venus zone.


  We describe a three-stage procedure to analyze the dependence of Poisson
Boltzmann calculations on the shape, size and geometry of the boundary between
solute and solvent. Our study is carried out within the boundary element
formalism, but our results are also of interest to finite difference techniques
of Poisson Boltzmann calculations. At first, we identify the critical size of
the geometrical elements for discretizing the boundary, and thus the necessary
resolution required to establish numerical convergence. In the following two
steps we perform reference calculations on a set of dipeptides in different
conformations using the Polarizable Continuum Model and a high-level Density
Functional as well as a high-quality basis set. Afterwards, we propose a
mechanism for defining appropriate boundary geometries. Finally, we compare the
classic Poisson Boltzmann description with the Quantum Chemical description,
and aim at finding appropriate fitting parameters to get a close match to the
reference data. Surprisingly, when using default AMBER partial charges and the
rigorous geometric parameters derived in the initial two stages, no scaling of
the partial charges is necessary and the best fit against the reference set is
obtained automatically


  The generalized scalar-tensor models with Lagrangian
$F(\phi,R)-U(\phi)(\nabla\phi)^2$ are considered. It is shown that the
phantom-divide-line crossing and the deceleration to acceleration transition
generally occurr in these models. Two specific examples, the coupled
quintessence model and the Brans-Dicke model are considered. For the first
example, it is shown that for the models with $\xi>3/16$, the $\omega=-1$
transition exists. This is verified numerically for some special cases. For the
Brans-Dicke model, it is shown that the transition does not occur, a result
which can be verified by using the exact solution of this model. Finally the
contribution of quantum effects on these phenomena is investigated. It is shown
that for some special cases where the $\omega=-1$ transition is classically
forbidden, the quantum effects can induce transition. The $\xi=1/6$ of coupled
quintessence model is an example of this. The quantum effects are described via
the account of conformal anomaly.


  There is increasing interest in combining information from experimental
studies, including randomized and single-group trials, with information from
external experimental or observational data sources. Such efforts are usually
motivated by the desire to compare treatments evaluated in different studies --
for instance, through the introduction of external treatment groups -- or to
estimate treatment effects with greater precision. Proposals to combine
experimental studies with external data were made at least as early as the
1970s, but in recent years have come under increasing consideration by
regulatory agencies involved in drug and device evaluation, particularly with
the increasing availability of rich observational data. In this paper, we
describe basic templates of study designs and data structures for combining
information from experimental studies with external data, and use the potential
(counterfactual) outcomes framework to elaborate identification strategies for
potential outcome means and average treatment effects in these designs. In
formalizing designs and identification strategies for combining information
from experimental studies with external data, we hope to provide a conceptual
foundation to support the systematic use and evaluation of such efforts.


  We present a fluid dynamics video which illustrates the Lagrangian aspects of
local heat transfer in turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection. The data are
obtained from a direct numerical simulation.


  A distributed optimal control problem for a phase field system which physical
context is that of tumor growth is discussed. The system we are going to take
into account consists of a Cahn-Hilliard equation for the phase variable
(relative concentration of the tumor), coupled with a reaction-diffusion
equation for the nutrient. The cost functional is of standard tracking-type and
the control variable models the intensity with which it is possible to dispense
a medication. The model we deal with presents two small and positive parameters
which are introduced in previous contributions as relaxation terms. Here,
starting from the already investigated optimal control problem for the relaxed
model, we aim at confirming the existence of optimal control and characterizing
the first-order optimality condition, via asymptotic schemes, when one of the
two occurring parameters goes to zero.


  Kink defects in the 90-degree partial dislocation in silicon are studied
using a linear-scaling density-matrix technique. The asymmetric core
reconstruction plays a crucial role, generating at least four distinct kink
species as well as soliton defects. The energies and migration barriers of
these entities are calculated and compared with experiment. As a result of
certain low-energy kinks, a peculiar alternation of the core reconstruction is
predicted. We find the solitons to be remarkably mobile even at very low
temperature, and propose that they mediate the kink relaxation dynamics.


  We consider an electron moving in a periodic potential and subject to an
additional slowly varying external electrostatic potential, $\phi(\epsi x)$,
and vector potential $A(\epsi x)$, with $x \in \R^d$ and $\epsi \ll 1$. We
prove that associated to an isolated family of Bloch bands there exists an
almost invariant subspace of $L^2(\R^d)$ and an effective Hamiltonian governing
the evolution inside this subspace to all orders in $\epsi$. To leading order
the effective Hamiltonian is given through the Peierls substitution. We
explicitly compute the first order correction. From a semiclassical analysis of
this effective quantum Hamiltonian we establish the first order correction to
the standard semiclassical model of solid state physics.


  This work presents a descending-price-auction algorithm to obtain the maximum
market-clearing price vector (MCP) in unit-demand matching markets with m items
by exploiting the combinatorial structure. With a shrewd choice of goods for
which the prices are reduced in each step, the algorithm only uses the
combinatorial structure, which avoids solving LPs and enjoys a strongly
polynomial runtime of $O(m^4)$. Critical to the algorithm is determining the
set of under-demanded goods for which we reduce the prices simultaneously in
each step of the algorithm. This we accomplish by choosing the subset of goods
that maximize a skewness function, which makes the bipartite graph series
converges to the combinatorial structure at the maximum MCP in $O(m^2)$ steps.
A graph coloring algorithm is proposed to find the set of goods with the
maximal skewness value that yields $O(m^4)$ complexity.


  The separation of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation into a Markovian and an
interference term provides a new insight in the quantum dynamics of classically
chaotic systems. The competition between these two terms determines the
localized or diffusive character of the dynamics. In the case of the Kicked
Rotor, we show how the constrained maximization of the entropy implies
exponential localization.


  We introduce mixed-norm Herz-slice spaces unifying classical Herz spaces and
mixed-norm slice spaces, establish dual spaces and the block decomposition, and
prove that the boundedness of Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator on mixed-norm
Herz-slice spaces.


  We critically review heavy quark mass effects in DIS and their impact on
global analyses. We lay out all elements of a properly defined general mass
variable flavor number scheme (GM VFNS) that are shared by all modern
formulations of the problem. We then explain the freedom in choosing specific
implementations and spell out, in particular, the current formulations of the
CTEQ and MSTW groups. We clarify the approximations in the still widely-used
zero mass variable flavor scheme (ZM VFNS), mention the inherent flaws in its
conventional implementation, and consider the possibility of mending some of
these flaws. We discuss practical issues concerning the use of parton
distributions in various physical applications, in view of the different
schemes. And we comment on the possible presence of intrinsic heavy flavors.


  Several new inequalities for moduli of smoothness and errors of the best
approximation of a function and its derivatives in the spaces $L_p$, $0<p<1$,
are obtained. For example, it is shown that for any $0<p<1$ and $k,\,r\in
\mathbb{N}$ one has $
  \omega_{r+k}(f,\d)_p\leq
C({p,k,r})\d^{r+\frac{1}{p}-1}\(\int_0^\d\frac{\omega_{k}(f^{(r)},t)_p^p}{t^{2-p}}{\rm
d}t\)^\frac{1}{p},$ where the function $f$ is such that $f^{(r-1)}$ is
absolutely continuous. Similar inequalities are obtained for the Ditzian-Totik
moduli of smoothness and the error of the best approximation of functions by
trigonometric and algebraic polynomials and splines. As an application,
positive results about simultaneous approximation of a function and its
derivatives by the mentioned approximation methods in the spaces $L_p$,
$0<p<1$, are derived.


  We consider the special linear group G=SL2 over a p-adic field, and its
diagonal subgroup M=GL1. Parabolic induction of representations from M to G
induces a map in equivariant homology, from the Bruhat-Tits building of M to
that of G. We compute this map at the level of chain complexes, and show that
it is given by parahoric induction (as defined by J.-F. Dat).


  We present a new proof of the celebrated quadratic reciprocity law. Our proof
is based on group theory.


  Einstein gravity coupled to a massive skew symmetric field F_{\mu\nu\lambda}
leads to an acceleration law that modifies the Newtonian law of attraction
between particles. We use a framework of non-perturbative renormalization group
equations as well as observational input to characterize special
renormalization group trajectories to allow for the running of the effective
gravitational coupling G and the coupling of the skew field to matter. The
latter lead to an increase of Newton's constant at large galactic and
cosmological distances. For weak fields a fit to the flat rotation curves of
galaxies is obtained in terms of the mass (mass-to-light ratio M/L) of
galaxies. The fits assume that the galaxies are not dominated by exotic dark
matter and that the effective gravitational constant G runs with distance
scale. The equations of motion for test particles yield predictions for the
solar system and the binary pulsar PSR 1913+16 that agree with the
observations. The gravitational lensing of clusters of galaxies can be
explained without exotic dark matter. An FLRW cosmological model with an
effective G=G(t) running with time can lead to consistent fits to cosmological
data without assuming the existence of exotic cold dark matter.


  The triple gauge couplings are completely defined by the non-Abelian gauge
nature of the Standard Model, precision measurements of these couplings at the
present and future colliders in this way provide a substantial opportunity to
test the gauge structure of the Standard Model. Also, measurements of these
couplings are sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model. In this
context, these couplings can be described by an effective Lagrangian. Here, we
have studied the potential of the future $\mu p$ colliders on the anomalous
$WW\gamma$ interactions via the subprocess $\gamma^*
p\,\rightarrow\,W^-\nu_\mu$. This subprocess has been generated through the
main process $\mu p\,\rightarrow\,\mu\gamma^* p\,\rightarrow\,W^-\nu_\mu p$ at
the LHC-$\mu p$, the FCC-$\mu p$ and the SPPC-$\mu p$. For these reasons, the
total cross sections have been obtained as a function of the anomalous
$WW\gamma$ couplings. Also, we have been calculated the best constraints on
$c_{WWW}$, $c_{W}$ and $c_{B}$ parameters that define the anomalous $WW\gamma$
interactions.


  In flapping flight, motion of the wings through the air generates the
majority of the force and torque that controls the body motion. On the other
hand, it is not clear how much effect the body motion imposes on the wings. We
investigated this connection via analyzing fast yaw turns of three different
species of damselfly. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we
show that the dynamics of the wings and the body are coupled together in low
frequency flapping flight. As a result, damselflies benefit from a passive
mechanism for enhancing the bilateral wing pitch angle asymmetry to sustain the
body rotation. A physics-based model derived from this mechanism is proved
valid for linking morphology, kinematics and dynamics of the wing and the body
of the flying insects in fast turning maneuvers.


  Swift has observed over three hundred supernovae in its first ten years.
Photometry from the Ultra-Violet Optical Telescope (UVOT) is being compiled in
the Swift Optical/Ultraviolet Supernovae Archive (SOUSA). The diversity of
supernovae leads to a wide dynamic range of intrinsic properties. The intrinsic
UV brightness of supernovae as a function of type and epoch allows one to
understand the distance ranges at which Swift can reliably detect supernovae.
The large Swift sample also includes supernovae from the same galaxy as other
Swift supernovae. Through the first ten years, these families include 34
supernovae from 16 host galaxies (two galaxies have each hosted three Swift
supernovae).


  By studying the scattering process of scalar particle pion on the
noncommutative scalar quantum electrodynamics, the non-commutative amendment of
differential scattering cross-section is found, which is dependent of
polar-angle and the results are significantly different from that in the
commutative scalar quantum electrodynamics, particularly when $\cos\theta\sim
\pm 1$. The non-commutativity of space is expected to be explored at around
$\Lambda_{NC}\sim$TeV.


  In the framework of the nonlinear $\Lambda$-model we investigate propagation
of a slow-light soliton in atomic vapors and Bose-Einstein condensates. The
velocity of the slow-light soliton is controlled by a time-dependent background
field created by a controlling laser. For a fairly arbitrary time dependence of
the field we find the dynamics of the slow-light soliton inside the medium. We
provide an analytical description for the nonlinear dependence of the velocity
of the signal on the controlling field. If the background field is turned off
at some moment of time, the signal stops. We find the location and shape of the
spatially localized memory bit imprinted into the medium. We show that the
process of writing optical information can be described in terms of scattering
data for the underlying scattering problem.


  Starting from a recently-proposed general formula, various properties of the
ADE series of purely elastic S-matrices are rederived in a universal way. In
particular, the relationship between the pole structure and the bootstrap
equations is shown to follow from properties of root systems. The discussion
leads to a formula for the signs of the three-point couplings in the
simply-laced affine Toda theories, and a simple proof of a result due to
Klassen and Melzer of relevance to Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz calculations.


  We address the optimization of the sum rate performance in multicell
interference-limited singlehop networks where access points are allowed to
cooperate in terms of joint resource allocation. The resource allocation
policies considered here combine power control and user scheduling. Although
very promising from a conceptual point of view, the optimization of the sum of
per-link rates hinges, in principle, on tough issues such as computational
complexity and the requirement for heavy receiver-to-transmitter channel
information feedback across all network cells. In this paper, we show that, in
fact, distributed algorithms are actually obtainable in the asymptotic regime
where the numbers of users per cell is allowed to grow large. Additionally,
using extreme value theory, we provide scaling laws for upper and lower bounds
for the network capacity (sum of single user rates over all cells),
corresponding to zero-interference and worst-case interference scenarios. We
show that the scaling is either dominated by path loss statistics or by
small-scale fading, depending on the regime and user location scenario. We show
that upper and lower rate bounds behave in fact identically, asymptotically.
This remarkable result suggests not only that distributed resource allocation
is practically possible but also that the impact of multicell interference on
the capacity (in terms of scaling) actually vanishes asymptotically.


  Let X be a smooth complex projective variety, let $j:U\into X$ an immersion
of a Zariski open subset, and let V be a variation of Hodge structure of weight
n over U. Then IH^k(X, j_*V) is known to carry a pure Hodge structure of weight
k+n, while H^k(U,V) carries a mixed Hodge structure of weight $\ge k+n$. In
this note it is shown that the image of the natural map $IH^k(X,j_*V) \to
H^k(U,V)$ is the lowest weight part of this mixed Hodge structure. The proof
uses Saito's theory of mixed Hodge modules.


  A two-components model for Broad Line Region (BLR) of Active Galactic Nuclei
(AGN) has been suggested for many years but not widely accepted (e.g., Hu et
al. 2008; Sulentic et al. 2000; Brotherton et al. 1996; Mason et al. 1996).
This model indicates that the broad line can be described with superposition of
two Gaussian components (Very Broad Gaussian Component (VBGC) and InterMediate
Gaussian Component (IMGC)) which are from two physically distinct regions;
i.e., Very Broad Line Region (VBLR) and InterMediate Line Region (IMLR). We
select a SDSS sample to further confirm this model and give detailed analysis
to the geometry, density and evolution of these two regions. Micro-lensing
result of BLR in J1131-1231 and some unexplained phenomena in Reverberation
Mapping (RM) experiment provide supportive evidence for this model. Our results
indicate that the radius obtained from the emission line RM normally
corresponds to the radius of the VBLR, and the existence of the IMGC may affect
the measurement of the black hole masses in AGNs. The deviation of NLS1s from
the M-sigma relation and the Type II AGN fraction as a function of luminosity
can be explained in this model in a coherent way. The evolution of the two
emission regions may be related to the evolutionary stages of the broad line
regions of AGNs from NLS1s to BLS1s. Based on the results presented here, a
unified picture of hierarchical evolution of black hole, dust torus and galaxy
is proposed.


  The structure of the spin interaction operator (SI) (the interaction that
remains after space variables are integrated out) in the first order S-matrix
element of the elastic scattering of a Dirac particle in a general
helicity-conserving vector potential is investigated.It is shown that the
conservation of helicity dictates a specific form of the SI regardless of the
explicit form of the vector potential. This SI closes the SU(2) algebra with
other two operators in the spin space of the particle. The directions of the
momentum transfer vector and the vector bisecting the scattering angle seem to
define some sort of "intrinsic" axes at this order that act as some symmetry
axes for the whole spin dynamics . The conservation of helicity at this order
can be formulated as the invariance of the component of the helicity of the
particle along the bisector of the scattering angle in the transition.


  In this work we study symplectic unitary representations for the Galilei
group. As a consequence a Non-Linear Schr\"odinger equation is derived in phase
space. The formalism is based on the non-commutative structure of the
star-product, and using the group theory approach as a guide a physically
consistent theory is constructed in phase space. The state is described by a
quasi-probability amplitude that is in association with the Wigner function.
With these results, we solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in phase space and
obtained the Wigner function for the system considered.


  In this paper, we address the construction of homotopy bicategories of
$(\infty,2)$-categories, which we take as being modeled by complete 2-fold
Segal spaces. Our main result is the concrete construction of a functor $h_2$
from the category of Reedy fibrant complete $2$-fold Segal spaces (each
decorated with chosen sections of the Segal maps) to the category of unbiased
bicategories and pseudofunctors between them. Though our construction depends
on the choice of sections, we show that for a given complete $2$-fold Segal
space, all possible choices yield the same unbiased bicategory up to an
equivalence that acts as the identity on objects, morphisms and $2$-morphisms.
We illustrate our results with the example of the fundamental bigroupoid of a
topological space.


  Let $S$ be a scheme contained in $\mathbf{Sch}_{fppf}$. Let $\mathfrak{X}$ be
a Noetherian separated algebraic space over $S$. In this paper, we interpret
localizing subcategories of the derived category of $\mathfrak{X}$ by using
subsets of $|\mathfrak{X}|$.


  We present a novel transmon qubit fabrication technique that yields
systematic improvements in T$_1$ relaxation times. We fabricate devices using
an encapsulation strategy that involves passivating the surface of niobium and
thereby preventing the formation of its lossy surface oxide. By maintaining the
same superconducting metal and only varying the surface structure, this
comparative investigation examining different capping materials, such as
tantalum, aluminum, titanium nitride, and gold, and film substrates across
different qubit foundries definitively demonstrates the detrimental impact that
niobium oxides have on the coherence times of superconducting qubits, compared
to native oxides of tantalum, aluminum or titanium nitride. Our
surface-encapsulated niobium qubit devices exhibit T$_1$ relaxation times 2 to
5 times longer than baseline niobium qubit devices with native niobium oxides.
When capping niobium with tantalum, we obtain median qubit lifetimes above 300
microseconds, with maximum values up to 600 microseconds, that represent the
highest lifetimes to date for superconducting qubits prepared on both sapphire
and silicon. Our comparative structural and chemical analysis suggests why
amorphous niobium oxides may induce higher losses compared to other amorphous
oxides. These results are in line with high-accuracy measurements of the
niobium oxide loss tangent obtained with ultra-high Q superconducting
radiofrequency (SRF) cavities. This new surface encapsulation strategy enables
even further reduction of dielectric losses via passivation with ambient-stable
materials, while preserving fabrication and scalable manufacturability thanks
to the compatibility with silicon processes.


  Very massive stars in the final phases of their lives often show
unpredictable outbursts that can mimic supernovae, so-called, "SN impostors",
but the distinction is not always straigthforward. Here we present observations
of a luminous blue variable (LBV) in NGC 2770 in outburst over more than 20
years that experienced a possible terminal explosion as type IIn SN in 2015,
named SN 2015bh. This possible SN or "main event" was preceded by a precursor
peaking $\sim$ 40 days before maximum. The total energy release of the main
event is $\sim$1.8$\times$10$^{49}$ erg, which can be modeled by a $<$ 0.5
M$_\odot$ shell plunging into a dense CSM. All emission lines show a single
narrow P-Cygni profile during the LBV phase and a double P-Cygni profile post
maximum suggesting an association of this second component with the possible
SN. Since 1994 the star has been redder than during a typical S-Dor like
outburst. SN 2015bh lies within a spiral arm of NGC 2770 next to a number of
small star-forming regions with a metallicity of $\sim$ 0.5 solar and a stellar
population age of 7-10 Myr. SN 2015bh shares many similarities with SN 2009ip,
which, together with other examples may form a new class of objects that
exhibit outbursts a few decades prior to "hyper-eruption" or final
core-collapse. If the star survives this event it is undoubtedly altered, and
we suggest that these "zombie stars" may evolve from an LBV to a Wolf Rayet
star over a very short timescale of only a few years. The final fate of these
types of massive stars can only be determined with observations years after the
possible SN.


  We propose an indirect method to observe radiation from an incomplete soliton
with sufficiently large amplitude. We show that the radiation causes a notched
structure on the envelope of the wave packet in the momentum space. The origin
of this structure is a result of interference between the main body of
oscillating solitons and the small radiation in the momentum space. We
numerically integrate the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation and perform Fourier
transformation to confirm that the predicted structure really appears. We also
show the simple model which reproduces the qualitative result. Experimental
detection of the notched structure with Bose-Einstein condensation of neutral
atoms is discussed and suitable parameters for this detection experiment are
shown.


  We present a simple mechanism for intra-molecular refrigeration, where parts
of a molecule are actively cooled below the environmental temperature. We
discuss the potential role and applications of such a mechanism in biology, in
particular in enzymatic reactions.


  We propose a hierarchy of kinetic and macroscopic models for a system
consisting of a large number of interacting pedestrians. The basic interaction
rules are derived from earlier work where the dangerousness level of an
interaction with another pedestrian is measured in terms of the derivative of
the bearing angle (angle between the walking direction and the line connecting
the two subjects) and of the time-to-interaction (time before reaching the
closest distance between the two subjects). A mean-field kinetic model is
derived. Then, three different macroscopic continuum models are proposed. The
first two ones rely on two different closure assumptions of the kinetic model,
respectively based on a monokinetic and a von Mises-Fisher distribution. The
third one is derived through a hydrodynamic limit. In each case, we discuss the
relevance of the model for practical simulations of pedestrian crowds.


  The two-dimensional flows around a cylinder between two parallel walls at
Re=40 and Re=100 are simulated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The
governing equations are Navier-Stokes equations. They are discretized with
finite volume method (FVM) and the solution is iterated with PISO Algorithm.
Then, the calculating results are compared with the numerical results in
literature, and good agreements are obtained. After that, the mechanism of the
formation of Karman vortex street is investigated and the instability of the
entire flow field is analyzed with the energy gradient theory. It is found that
the two eddies attached at the rear of the cylinder have no effect on the flow
instability for steady flow, i.e., they don't contribute to the formation of
Karman vortex street. The formation of Karman vortex street originates from the
combinations of the interaction of two shear layers at two lateral sides of the
cylinder and the absolute instability in the cylinder wake. For the flow with
Karman vortex street, the initial instability occurs at the region inner a
vortex downstream of the wake and the center of a vortex firstly loses its
stability inner a vortex. For pressure driven flow, it is confirmed that the
inflection point on the time-averaged velocity profile leads to the
instability. It is concluded that the energy gradient theory is potentially
applicable to study the flow stability and to reveal the mechanism of turbulent
transition.


  The US National Park Service (NPS) Night Skies Program measured changes in
sky brightness resulting from a countywide lighting retrofit project. The
retrofit took place in Chelan County, a gateway community to North Cascades
National Park and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area in Washington State. The
county retrofitted all 3,693 county-owned high pressure sodium (HPS) street
lamps to full cutoff LEDs. This number is about 60% of the County's total
outdoor street and area lights. About 80% of the newly installed lights were
3000K in color temperature and 20% were 4000K. The 4000K LEDs were used to meet
Washington State Department of Transportation guidelines. To measure sky
brightness, we used the NPS night sky camera system before the retrofit started
in 2018 and after its completion in 2019. These images were photometrically
calibrated and mosaicked together to provide hemispherical images in V band.
For comparison with our ground-based measurement, we obtained the satellite
imagery taken by Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the
Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite. Our measurements show that
the post-retrofit skyglow became brighter and extended higher in the sky, but
upward radiance, as measured by the day-night band radiometer, decreased. These
divergent results are likely explained by a substantial increase in light
emitted at wavelengths shorter than 500 nm, and a relative decrease in zenith
light emission due to better shielded luminaires. These results also
demonstrate that earlier models relating VIIRS day-night band data to skyglow
will, at a minimum, require substantial revision to account for the different
characteristics of solid state luminaires.


  Coulomb Dissociation provides an alternative method for determining the
radiative capture cross sections at astrophysically relevant low relative
energies. For the breakup of $^8$B on $^{58}$Ni, we calculate the total Coulomb
Dissociation cross section and the angular distribution for E1, E2 and M1. Our
calculations are performed first within the standard first order semiclassical
theory of Coulomb Excitation, including the correct three body kinematics, and
later including the projectile-target nuclear interactions.


  Though preceding work in computational argument quality (AQ) mostly focuses
on assessing overall AQ, researchers agree that writers would benefit from
feedback targeting individual dimensions of argumentation theory. However, a
large-scale theory-based corpus and corresponding computational models are
missing. We fill this gap by conducting an extensive analysis covering three
diverse domains of online argumentative writing and presenting GAQCorpus: the
first large-scale English multi-domain (community Q&A forums, debate forums,
review forums) corpus annotated with theory-based AQ scores. We then propose
the first computational approaches to theory-based assessment, which can serve
as strong baselines for future work. We demonstrate the feasibility of
large-scale AQ annotation, show that exploiting relations between dimensions
yields performance improvements, and explore the synergies between theory-based
prediction and practical AQ assessment.


  Because of constraints imposed by the market, embedded software in consumer
electronics is almost inevitably shipped with faults and the goal is just to
reduce the inherent unreliability to an acceptable level before a product has
to be released. Automatic fault diagnosis is a valuable tool to capture
software faults without extra effort spent on testing. Apart from a debugging
aid at design and integration time, fault diagnosis can help analyzing problems
during operation, which allows for more accurate system recovery. In this paper
we discuss perspectives and limitations for applying a particular fault
diagnosis technique, namely the analysis of program spectra, in the area of
embedded software in consumer electronics devices. We illustrate these by our
first experience with a test case from industry.


  We report the result from the first search for $D^0$ decays to invisible
final states. The analysis is performed on a data sample of 924 $\rm{fb}^{-1}$
collected at and near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ and $\Upsilon(5S)$ resonances with the
Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The
absolute branching fraction is determined using an inclusive $D^0$ sample,
obtained by fully reconstructing the rest of the particle system including the
other charmed particle. No significant signal yield is observed and an upper
limit of $9.4\times 10^{-5}$ is set on the branching fraction of $D^0$ to
invisible final states at 90\% confidence level.


  Total lung volume is an important quantitative biomarker and is used for the
assessment of restrictive lung diseases. In this study, we investigate the
performance of several deep-learning approaches for automated measurement of
total lung volume from chest radiographs. 7621 posteroanterior and lateral view
chest radiographs (CXR) were collected from patients with chest CT available.
Similarly, 928 CXR studies were chosen from patients with pulmonary function
test (PFT) results. The reference total lung volume was calculated from lung
segmentation on CT or PFT data, respectively. This dataset was used to train
deep-learning architectures to predict total lung volume from chest
radiographs. The experiments were constructed in a step-wise fashion with
increasing complexity to demonstrate the effect of training with CT-derived
labels only and the sources of error. The optimal models were tested on 291 CXR
studies with reference lung volume obtained from PFT. The optimal deep-learning
regression model showed an MAE of 408 ml and a MAPE of 8.1\% and Pearson's r =
0.92 using both frontal and lateral chest radiographs as input. CT-derived
labels were useful for pre-training but the optimal performance was obtained by
fine-tuning the network with PFT-derived labels. We demonstrate, for the first
time, that state-of-the-art deep learning solutions can accurately measure
total lung volume from plain chest radiographs. The proposed model can be used
to obtain total lung volume from routinely acquired chest radiographs at no
additional cost and could be a useful tool to identify trends over time in
patients referred regularly for chest x-rays.


  It is possible to reproduce the quantum features of quantum states, starting
from a classical statistical theory and then limiting the amount of knowledge
that an agent can have about an individual system [5, 18].These are so called
epistemic restrictions. Such restrictions have been recently formulated in
terms of the symplectic geometry of the corresponding classical theory [19].
The purpose of this note is to describe, using this symplectic framework, how
to obtain a C*-algebraic formulation for the epistemically restricted theories.
In the case of continuous variables, following the groupoid quantization recipe
of E. Hawkins, we obtain a twisted group C*-algebra which is the usual Moyal
quantization of a Poisson vector space [12].


  The implementation of exclusive diffractive production of Higgs boson and
dijets in the FPMC (Forward Physics Monte Carlo) framework is presented
following the models by Khoze, Martin, Ryskin and Cudell, Dechambre, Hernandez
and Ivanov. The predictions of the models are compared to the CDF measurement
of exclusive jets and the uncertainties on the Higgs boson and jet production
cross sections at the LHC are discussed.


  Mini-batch optimal transport (m-OT) has been widely used recently to deal
with the memory issue of OT in large-scale applications. Despite their
practicality, m-OT suffers from misspecified mappings, namely, mappings that
are optimal on the mini-batch level but are partially wrong in the comparison
with the optimal transportation plan between the original measures. Motivated
by the misspecified mappings issue, we propose a novel mini-batch method by
using partial optimal transport (POT) between mini-batch empirical measures,
which we refer to as mini-batch partial optimal transport (m-POT). Leveraging
the insight from the partial transportation, we explain the source of
misspecified mappings from the m-OT and motivate why limiting the amount of
transported masses among mini-batches via POT can alleviate the incorrect
mappings. Finally, we carry out extensive experiments on various applications
such as deep domain adaptation, partial domain adaptation, deep generative
model, color transfer, and gradient flow to demonstrate the favorable
performance of m-POT compared to current mini-batch methods.


  For a function $f\colon [0,1]\to\mathbb R$, we consider the set $E(f)$ of
points at which $f$ cuts the real axis. Given $f\colon [0,1]\to\mathbb R$ and a
Cantor set $D\subset [0,1]$ with $\{0,1\}\subset D$, we obtain conditions
equivalent to the conjunction $f\in C[0,1]$ (or $f\in C^\infty [0,1]$) and
$D\subset E(f)$. This generalizes some ideas of Zabeti. We observe that, if $f$
is continuous, then $E(f)$ is a closed nowhere dense subset of $f^{-1}[\{ 0\}]$
where each $x\in \{0,1\}\cap E(f)$ is an accumulation point of $E(f)$. Our main
result states that, for a closed nowhere dense set $F\subset [0,1]$ with each
$x\in \{0,1\}\cap E(f)$ being an accumulation point of $F$, there exists $f\in
C^\infty [0,1]$ such that $F=E(f)$.


  Long short-term memory (LSTM) based acoustic modeling methods have recently
been shown to give state-of-the-art performance on some speech recognition
tasks. To achieve a further performance improvement, in this research, deep
extensions on LSTM are investigated considering that deep hierarchical model
has turned out to be more efficient than a shallow one. Motivated by previous
research on constructing deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs), alternative
deep LSTM architectures are proposed and empirically evaluated on a large
vocabulary conversational telephone speech recognition task. Meanwhile,
regarding to multi-GPU devices, the training process for LSTM networks is
introduced and discussed. Experimental results demonstrate that the deep LSTM
networks benefit from the depth and yield the state-of-the-art performance on
this task.


  A design graph is a regular bipartite graph in which any two distinct
vertices of the same part have the same number of common neighbors. This class
of graphs have a close relationship to strongly regular graphs. In this paper,
we study the distance eigenvalues of the design graphs. Also, we will
explicitly determine the distance eigenvalues of a class of design graphs, and
determine the values for which the class is distance integral, that is, its
distance eigenvalues are integers.


  The toric code is a canonical example of a topological error-correcting code.
Two logical qubits stored within the toric code are robust against local
decoherence, ensuring that these qubits can be faithfully retrieved as long as
the error rate remains below a certain threshold. Recent studies have explored
such a threshold behavior as an intrinsic information-theoretic transition,
independent of the decoding protocol. These studies have shown that
information-theoretic metrics, calculated using the Renyi (replica)
approximation, demonstrate sharp transitions at a specific error rate. However,
an exact analytic expression that avoids using the replica trick has not been
shown, and the connection between the transition in information-theoretic
capacity and the random bond Ising model (RBIM) has only been indirectly
established. In this work, we present the first analytic expression for the
coherent information of a decohered toric code, thereby establishing a rigorous
connection between the fundamental error threshold and the criticality of the
RBIM.


  The accurate modeling and control of nonlinear dynamical effects are crucial
for numerous robotic systems. The Koopman formalism emerges as a valuable tool
for linear control design in nonlinear systems within unknown environments.
However, it still remains a challenging task to learn the Koopman operator with
control from data, and in particular, the simultaneous identification of the
Koopman linear dynamics and the mapping between the physical and Koopman
states. Conventionally, the simultaneous learning of the dynamics and mapping
is achieved via single-level optimization based on one-step or multi-step
discrete-time predictions, but the learned model may lack model robustness,
training efficiency, and/or long-term predictive accuracy. This paper presents
a bi-level optimization framework that jointly learns the Koopman embedding
mapping and Koopman dynamics with exact long-term dynamical constraints. Our
formulation allows back-propagation in standard learning framework and the use
of state-of-the-art optimizers, yielding more accurate and stable system
prediction in long-time horizon over various applications compared to
conventional methods.


  From the striped coats of zebras to the ripples in windblown sand, the
natural world abounds with locally banded patterns. Such patterns have been of
great interest throughout history, and, in the last twenty years, scientists in
a wide variety of fields have been studying the patterns formed in
well-controlled experiments that yield enormous quantities of high-precision
data. These experiments involving phenomena as diverse as chemical reactions in
shallow layers, thermal convection in horizontal fluid layers, periodically
shaken layers of sand, and the growth of slime mold colonies often display
patterns that appear qualitatively similar. Methods are needed to characterize
in a reasonable amount of time the differences and similarities in patterns
that develop in different systems, as well as in patterns formed in one system
for different experimental conditions. In this Letter, we introduce a novel,
fast method for determining local pattern properties such as wavenumber,
orientation, and curvature as a function of position for locally striped
patterns.


  We report on our new calculations of unified line profiles of K perturbed by
He using ab initio potential data for the conditions prevailing in cool
substellar brown dwarfs and hot dense planetary atmospheres with temperatures
from $T_\mathrm{eff}$=500~$\ \mathrm{K}$ to 3000~$\ \mathrm{K}$. For such
objects with atmospheres of H$_2$ and He, conventional laboratory absorption
spectroscopy can be used to examine the line wings and test the line shape
theories and molecular potentials. We find that an analytical Lorentzian
profile is useful for a few cm$^{-1}$ from the line center, but not in the line
wings, where the radiative transfer is a consequence of the K-He radiative
collisions that are sensitive to the interaction potentials.
  Tables of the K--He absorption coefficients of the resonance lines allow
accurate model atmospheres and synthetic spectra. For this purpose, we present
new opacities from comprehensive line shape theory incorporating accurate ab
initio potentials. Use of these new tables for the modeling of emergent spectra
will be an improvement over previous line shape approximations based on
incomplete or inaccurate potentials. We also present Lorentzian impact
parameters obtained in the semi-classical and quantum theory for the K $4s-4p$
resonance line centered at 0.77~$\mu$m specifically for the line core regime.


  In this paper, we report a new 4H-SiC Lateral Dual Sidewall Schottky (LDSS)
rectifier on a highly doped drift layer consisting of a high-barrier sidewall
Schottky contact on top of the low-barrier Schottky contact. Using
two-dimensional device simulation, the performance of the proposed device has
been evaluated in detail by comparing its characteristics with those of the
compatible Lateral Conventional Schottky (LCS) and Lateral Trench Sidewall
Schottky (LTSS) rectifiers on 4H-SiC. From our simulation results, it is
observed that the proposed LDSS rectifier acts as a low-barrier LTSS rectifier
under forward bias conditions and as a high-barrier LTSS rectifier under
reverse bias conditions making it an ideal rectifier. The LDSS rectifier
exhibits an on/off current ratio (at 1 V / -500 V) of 5.5x10e7 for an epitaxial
layer doping of 1x10e17 /cm^3. Further, the proposed LDSS structure exhibits a
very sharp breakdown similar to that of a PiN diode in spite of using only
Schottky junctions in the structure. We have analyzed the reasons for the
improved performance of the LDSS.


  It is well-established that the process of learning and capability building
is core to economic development and structural transformation. Since knowledge
is `sticky', a key component of this process is learning-by-doing, which can be
achieved via a variety of mechanisms including international research
collaboration. Uncovering significant inter-country research ties using Scopus
co-authorship data, we show that within-region collaboration has increased over
the past five decades relative to international collaboration. Further
supporting this insight, we find that while communities present in the global
collaboration network before 2000 were often based on historical geopolitical
or colonial lines, in more recent years they increasingly align with a simple
partition of countries by regions. These findings are unexpected in light of a
presumed continual increase in globalisation, and have significant implications
for the design of programmes aimed at promoting international research
collaboration and knowledge diffusion.


  It has long been suggested that neck muscle strength and anticipatory
cocontraction can decrease head motions during head impacts. Here, we quantify
the relative angular impulse contributions of neck soft tissue to head
stabilization using a musculoskeletal model with Hill-type muscles and
rate-dependent ligaments. We simulated sagittal extension and lateral flexion
mild experimental head impacts performed on 10 subjects with relaxed or
cocontracted muscles, and median American football head impacts. We estimated
angular impulses from active muscle, passive muscle, and ligaments during head
impact acceleration and deceleration phases. During the acceleration phase,
active musculature produced resistive angular impulses that were 30% of the
impact angular impulse in experimental impacts with cocontracted muscles. This
was reduced below 20% in football impacts. During the deceleration phase,
active musculature stabilized the head with 50% of the impact angular impulse
in experimental impacts with cocontracted muscles. However, passive ligaments
provided greater stabilizing angular impulses in football impacts. The
redistribution of stabilizing angular impulses results from ligament and muscle
dependence on lengthening rate, where ligaments stiffen substantially compared
to active muscle at high lengthening rates. Thus, ligaments provide relatively
greater deceleration impulses in these impacts, which limits the effectiveness
of muscle strengthening or anticipated activations.


  Let $\varphi(t), t\in [0,T]$ be a smooth solution to the Laplacian flow for
closed G_2 structures on a compact 7-manifold $M$. We show that for each fixed
positive time $t\in (0,T]$, $(M,\varphi(t),g(t))$ is real analytic, where
$g(t)$ is the metric induced by $\varphi(t)$. Consequently, any Laplacian
soliton is real analytic and we obtain unique continuation results for the
flow.


  In prior article of the author, the unimodular bimode gravity/systo-gravity,
with the scalar-graviton/systolon dark matter, was worked out. To compile with
the anomalous rotation curves of galaxies the scale of the local scale
violation in the theory was shown to be about 10^15 GeV. In this letter, to
naturally incorporate such a scale the hyper unification framework, merging
systo-gravity with grand unification through matter, is constructed. The
systolon, as a free propagating compression mode in metric, emerges only below
the unification scale, possessing at the same time a modified high-energy
behavior to be manifested at the high temperatures.


  We study the following general disjoint paths problem: given a supply graph
$G$, a set $T\subseteq V(G)$ of terminals, a demand graph $H$ on the vertices
$T$, and an integer $k$, the task is to find a set of $k$ pairwise
vertex-disjoint valid paths, where we say that a path of the supply graph $G$
is valid if its endpoints are in $T$ and adjacent in the demand graph $H$. For
a class $\mathcal{H}$ of graphs, we denote by $\mathcal{H}$-Maximum Disjoint
Paths the restriction of this problem when the demand graph $H$ is assumed to
be a member of $\mathcal{H}$. We study the fixed-parameter tractability of this
family of problems, parameterized by $k$. Our main result is a complete
characterization of the fixed-parameter tractable cases of
$\mathcal{H}$-Maximum Disjoint Paths for every hereditary class $\mathcal{H}$
of graphs: it turns out that complexity depends on the existence of large
induced matchings and large induced skew bicliques in the demand graph $H$ (a
skew biclique is a bipartite graph on vertices $a_1$, $\dots$, $a_n$, $b_1$,
$\dots$, $b_n$ with $a_i$ and $b_j$ being adjacent if and only if $i\le j$).
Specifically, we prove the following classification for every hereditary class
$\mathcal{H}$.
  1. If $\mathcal{H}$ does not contain every matching and does not contain
every skew biclique, then $\mathcal{H}$-Maximum Disjoint Paths is FPT.
  2. If $\mathcal{H}$ does not contain every matching, but contains every skew
biclique, then $\mathcal{H}$-Maximum Disjoint Paths is W[1]-hard, admits an FPT
approximation, and the valid paths satisfy an analog of the Erd\H{o}s-P\'osa
property.
  3. If $\mathcal{H}$ contains every matching, then $\mathcal{H}$-Maximum
Disjoint Paths is W[1]-hard and the valid paths do not satisfy the analog of
the Erd\H{o}s-P\'osa property.


  The first terms of the small volume asymptotic expansion for the splitting of
Neumann boundary condition Laplacian eigenvalues due to a grounded inclusion of
size {\epsilon} are derived. An explicit formula to compute the first term from
the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the unperturbed domain, the inclusion
size and position is given. As a consequence, when an eigenvalue of double
multiplicity splits in two distinct eigenvalues, one decays like
O(1/log({\epsilon})), the other like O({\epsilon}^2).


  In 1994 Parnovsky, Karachentsev and Karachentseva suggested a modified method
for investigation of the orientations of galaxies. Using this method they
analyzed galaxies from the UGC and ESO catalogues, as well as from their's own
catalogue inclusive of flat, edge-on galaxies. They found statistically
significant anisotropy in the galaxies orientations'. In 1995 Flin suggested
that this anisotropy has to be specific to LOcal Supercluster (LSC) In the
present paper, using the method proposed by Parnovsky, Karachentsev and
Karachentseva in 1994, we analyzed orientation of galaxies in the sample of
galaxies belonging to LSC founding only a weak anisotropy. The relation of this
method to Hawley and Peebles (1975) method of the investigation of the
orientation of galaxies was discussed as well.


  We address the role of topology in the energy transport process that occurs
in networks of photosynthetic complexes. We take inspiration from light
harvesting networks present in purple bacteria and simulate an incoherent
dissipative energy transport process on more general and abstract networks,
considering both regular structures (Cayley trees and hyperbranched fractals)
and randomly-generated ones. We focus on the the two primary light harvesting
complexes of purple bacteria, i.e., the LH1 and LH2, and we use
network-theoretical centrality measures in order to select different LH1
arrangements. We show that different choices cause significant differences in
the transport efficiencies, and that for regular networks centrality measures
allow to identify arrangements that ensure transport efficiencies which are
better than those obtained with a random disposition of the complexes. The
optimal arrangements strongly depend on the dissipative nature of the dynamics
and on the topological properties of the networks considered, and depending on
the latter they are achieved by using global vs. local centrality measures. For
randomly-generated networks a random arrangement of the complexes already
provides efficient transport, and this suggests the process is strong with
respect to limited amount of control in the structure design and to the
disorder inherent in the construction of randomly-assembled structures.
Finally, we compare the networks considered with the real biological networks
and find that the latter have in general better performances, due to their
higher connectivity, but the former with optimal arrangements can mimic the
real networks' behaviour for a specific range of transport parameters. These
results show that the use of network-theoretical concepts can be crucial for
the characterization and design of efficient artificial energy transport
networks.


  We present the analytical results for the anomalous chromomagnetic moment of
a quark at the one-loop and two-loop levels through model-independent
parameterizations, considering the external gluon to be off-shell. Then, we
consider different types of two-Higgs doublet models with the momentum transfer
of the external gluon, $q^2 = \pm M_Z^2$, and $0$, for the numerical
evaluations thereof for the top quark. We find that the contributions in the
two-Higgs-doublet models are on the order of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$ at the
one-loop level and $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$ at the two-loop level, where the
one-loop and two-loop contributions interfere destructively, resulting in the
overall contributions being on the order of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$ with a
positive sign.


  Pion production in nuclear collisions at the SPS is investigated with the aim
to search, in a restricted domain of the phase diagram, for power-laws in the
behavior of correlations which are compatible with critical QCD. We have
analyzed interactions of nuclei of different size (p+p, C+C, Si+Si, Pb+Pb) at
158$A$ GeV adopting, as appropriate observables, scaled factorial moments in a
search for intermittent fluctuations in transverse dimensions. The analysis is
performed for $\pi^+\pi^-$ pairs with invariant mass very close to the two-pion
threshold. In this sector one may capture critical fluctuations of the sigma
component in a hadronic medium, even if the $\sigma$-meson has no well defined
vacuum state. It turns out that for the Pb+Pb system the proposed analysis
technique cannot be applied without entering the invariant mass region with
strong Coulomb correlations. As a result the treatment becomes inconclusive in
this case. Our results for the other systems indicate the presence of power-law
fluctuations in the freeze-out state of Si+Si approaching in size the
prediction of critical QCD.


  Further electrification of the economy is expected to sharpen ramp rates and
increase peak loads. Flexibility from the demand side, which new technologies
might facilitate, can help these operational challenges. Electric utilities
have begun implementing new tariffs and other mechanisms to encourage the
deployment of energy storage. This paper examines whether making these new
tariffs technology agnostic and extending them to flexible demand would
significantly improve the procurement of operational flexibility. In
particular, we consider how a commercial consumer might adjust its flexible
demand when subject to Pacific Gas and Electric Company's storage-centric
electric tariff. We show that extending this tariff to consumers with flexible
demand would reduce the utility's net demand ramp rates during peak hours. If
consumers have a high level of demand flexibility, this tariff also reduces the
net demand during peak hours and decreases total electric bills when compared
to the base tariff.


  XGBoost is a scalable ensemble technique based on gradient boosting that has
demonstrated to be a reliable and efficient machine learning challenge solver.
This work proposes a practical analysis of how this novel technique works in
terms of training speed, generalization performance and parameter setup. In
addition, a comprehensive comparison between XGBoost, random forests and
gradient boosting has been performed using carefully tuned models as well as
using the default settings. The results of this comparison may indicate that
XGBoost is not necessarily the best choice under all circumstances. Finally an
extensive analysis of XGBoost parametrization tuning process is carried out.


  We present a new ansatz space for the general symmetric multi-marginal
Kantorovich optimal transport problem on finite state spaces which reduces the
number of unknowns from $\tbinom{N+\ell-1}{\ell-1}$ to $\ell\cdot(N+1)$, where
$\ell$ is the number of marginal states and $N$ the number of marginals.
  The new ansatz space is a careful low-dimensional enlargement of the Monge
class, which corresponds to $\ell\cdot(N-1)$ unknowns, and cures the
insufficiency of the Monge ansatz, i.e. we show that the Kantorovich problem
always admits a minimizer in the enlarged class, for arbitrary cost functions.
  Our results apply, in particular, to the discretization of multi-marginal
optimal transport with Coulomb cost in three dimensions, which has received
much recent interest due to its emergence as the strongly correlated limit of
Hohenberg-Kohn density functional theory. In this context $N$ corresponds to
the number of particles, motivating the interest in large $N$.


  We focus on the task of learning the value function in the reinforcement
learning (RL) setting. This task is often solved by updating a pair of online
and target networks while ensuring that the parameters of these two networks
are equivalent. We propose Lookahead-Replicate (LR), a new value-function
approximation algorithm that is agnostic to this parameter-space equivalence.
Instead, the LR algorithm is designed to maintain an equivalence between the
two networks in the function space. This value-based equivalence is obtained by
employing a new target-network update. We show that LR leads to a convergent
behavior in learning the value function. We also present empirical results
demonstrating that LR-based target-network updates significantly improve deep
RL on the Atari benchmark.


  Quantitative tracking of features from video images is a basic technique
employed in many areas of science. Here, we present a method for the tracking
of features that partially overlap, in order to be able to track so-called
colloidal molecules. Our approach implements two improvements into existing
particle tracking algorithms. Firstly, we use the history of previously
identified feature locations to successfully find their positions in
consecutive frames. Secondly, we present a framework for non-linear
least-squares fitting to summed radial model functions and analyze the accuracy
(bias) and precision (random error) of the method on artificial data. We find
that our tracking algorithm correctly identifies overlapping features with an
accuracy below 0.2% of the feature radius and a precision of 0.1 to 0.01 pixels
for a typical image of a colloidal cluster. Finally, we use our method to
extract the three-dimensional diffusion tensor from the Brownian motion of
colloidal dimers.


  In this paper, we address the fusion problem in wireless sensor networks,
where the cross-correlation between the estimates is unknown. To solve the
problem within the Bayesian framework, we assume that the covariance matrix has
a prior distribution. We also assume that we know the covariance of each
estimate, i.e., the diagonal block of the entire covariance matrix (of the
random vector consisting of the two estimates). We then derive the conditional
distribution of the off-diagonal blocks, which is the cross-correlation of our
interest. We show that when there are two nodes, the conditional distribution
happens to be the inverted matrix variate $t$-distribution, from which we can
readily sample. For more than two nodes, the conditional distribution is no
longer the inverted matrix variate $t$-distribution. But we show that we can
decompose it into several sampling problems, each of which is the inverted
matrix variate $t$-distribution and therefore we can still sample from it.
Since we can sample from this distribution, it enables us to use the Monte
Carlo method to compute the minimum mean square error estimate for the fusion
problem. We use two models to generate experiment data and demonstrate the
generality of our method. Simulation results show that the proposed method
works better than the popular covariance intersection method.


  Adaptive designs have been proposed for clinical trials in which the nuisance
parameters or alternative of interest are unknown or likely to be misspecified
before the trial. Whereas most previous works on adaptive designs and
mid-course sample size re-estimation have focused on two-stage or group
sequential designs in the normal case, we consider here a new approach that
involves at most three stages and is developed in the general framework of
multiparameter exponential families. Not only does this approach maintain the
prescribed type I error probability, but it also provides a simple but
asymptotically efficient sequential test whose finite-sample performance,
measured in terms of the expected sample size and power functions, is shown to
be comparable to the optimal sequential design, determined by dynamic
programming, in the simplified normal mean case with known variance and
prespecified alternative, and superior to the existing two-stage designs and
also to adaptive group sequential designs when the alternative or nuisance
parameters are unknown or misspecified.


  We study vertex-like operators built from the Brownian loop soup in the limit
as the loop soup intensity tends to infinity. More precisely, following Camia,
Gandolfi and Kleban (Nuclear Physics B 902, 2016), we take a Brownian loop soup
in a planar domain and assign a random sign to each loop. We then consider
random fields defined by taking, at every point of the domain, the exponential
of a purely imaginary constant times the sum of the signs associated to the
loops that wind around that point. As smaller loops are included in the count,
that sum diverges logarithmically with the diameter of the loops, but we show
that a suitable renormalization procedure allows to define the fields in an
appropriate Sobolev space. Subsequently, we let the intensity of the loop soup
tend to infinity and prove that these vertex-like fields tend to a conformally
covariant random field which can be expressed as an explicit functional of the
imaginary Gaussian multiplicative chaos with covariance kernel given by the
Brownian loop measure. Besides using properties of the Brownian loop soup and
the Brownian loop measure, a main tool in our analysis is an explicit
Wiener-It\^{o} chaos expansion of linear functionals of vertex-like fields.


  In this paper we introduce Principal Filter Analysis (PFA), an easy to use
and effective method for neural network compression. PFA exploits the
correlation between filter responses within network layers to recommend a
smaller network that maintain as much as possible the accuracy of the full
model. We propose two algorithms: the first allows users to target compression
to specific network property, such as number of trainable variable (footprint),
and produces a compressed model that satisfies the requested property while
preserving the maximum amount of spectral energy in the responses of each
layer, while the second is a parameter-free heuristic that selects the
compression used at each layer by trying to mimic an ideal set of uncorrelated
responses. Since PFA compresses networks based on the correlation of their
responses we show in our experiments that it gains the additional flexibility
of adapting each architecture to a specific domain while compressing. PFA is
evaluated against several architectures and datasets, and shows considerable
compression rates without compromising accuracy, e.g., for VGG-16 on CIFAR-10,
CIFAR-100 and ImageNet, PFA achieves a compression rate of 8x, 3x, and 1.4x
with an accuracy gain of 0.4%, 1.4% points, and 2.4% respectively. Our tests
show that PFA is competitive with state-of-the-art approaches while removing
adoption barriers thanks to its practical implementation, intuitive philosophy
and ease of use.


  We discuss the current state of what is known non-perturbatively about the
gluon propagator in QCD, with emphasis on the information coming from lattice
simulations. We review the specification of the lattice Landau gauge and the
procedure for calculating the gluon propagator on the lattice. We also discuss
some of the difficulties in non-perturbative calculations, especially Gribov
copy issues. We trace the evolution of lattice simulations over the past dozen
years, emphasizing how the improvement in computations has led not only to more
precise determinations of the propagator, but has allowed more detailed
information about it to be extracted.


  Nonlinear optical materials possess wide applications, ranging from terahertz
and mid-infrared detection to energy harvesting. Recently, the correlations
between nonlinear optical responses and topological properties, such as Berry
curvature and the quantum metric tensor, have stimulated great interest. Here,
we report giant room-temperature nonlinearities in an emergent
non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional topological material, the Janus transition
metal dichalcogenides in the 1T' phase, which are synthesized by an advanced
atomic-layer substitution method. High harmonic generation, terahertz emission
spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation measurements consistently reveal
orders-of-the-magnitude enhancement in terahertz-frequency nonlinearities of
1T' MoSSe (e.g., > 50 times higher than 2H MoS$_2$ for 18th order harmonic
generation; > 20 times higher than 2H MoS$_2$ for terahertz emission). It is
elucidated that such colossal nonlinear optical responses come from topological
band mixing and strong inversion symmetry breaking due to the Janus structure.
Our work defines general protocols for designing materials with large
nonlinearities and preludes the applications of topological materials in
optoelectronics down to the monolayer limit. This two-dimensional form of
topological materials also constitute a unique platform for examining origin of
the anomalous high-harmonic generation, with potential applications as building
blocks for scalable attosecond sources.


  An increasing number of studies use the spectrum of cardiac signals for
analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamics of complex cardiac arrhythmias. However,
the relationship between the spectrum of cardiac signals and the spatiotemporal
dynamics of the underlying cardiac sources remains to date unclear. In this
paper, we derive a mathematical expression relating the spectrum of cardiac
signals to the spatiotemporal dynamics of cardiac sources and the measurement
characteristics of the lead systems. Then, by using analytical methods and
computer simulations we analyze the spectrum of cardiac signals measured by
idealized lead systems during correlated and uncorrelated spatiotemporal
dynamics. Our results show that lead systems can have distorting effects on the
spectral envelope of cardiac signals, which depend on the spatial resolution of
the lead systems and on the degree of spatiotemporal correlation of the
underlying cardiac sources. In addition to this, our results indicate that the
spectral features that do not depend on the spectral envelope, such as the
dominant frequency, behave robustly against different choices of lead systems.


  The duality symmetries of WZW and coset models are discussed. The exact
underlying symmetry responsible for semiclassical duality is identified with
the symmetry under affine Weyl transformations. This identification unifies the
treatement of duality symmetries and shows that in the compact and unitary case
they are exact symmetries of string theory to all orders in $\alpha'$ and in
the string coupling constant. Non-compact WZW models and cosets are also
discussed. A toy model is analyzed suggesting that duality will not generically
be a symmetry.


  The Lagrangians and dissipation functions are proposed for use in the
electrodynamics of the double-negative and chiral metamaterials with finite
loss. The double-negative metamaterial considered here is the wires and split
rings periodic structure, while the chiral metamaterial is the single-resonance
helical resonators array. For either system, application of Legendre
transformation leads to a Hamiltonian density identical to the energy density
obtained in our previous work based on the Poynting theorem and the mechanism
of the power loss. This coincidence implies the correctness of the energy
density formulas obtained before. The Lagrangian description and Hamiltonian
formulation can be further developed for exploring the properties of the
elementary excitations or quasiparticles in dispersive metamaterials due to
light-matter interactions.


  The time variation of the elastic scattering rate of solar neutrinos with
electrons in Super-Kamiokande-I was fit to the variations expected from active
two-neutrino oscillations. The best fit in the Large Mixing Angle solution has
a mixing angle of tan^2theta=0.55 and a mass squared difference of
Deltam^2=6.3times10^-5eV^2 between the two neutrino mass eigenstates. The
fitted day/night asymmetry of -1.8+-1.6(stat)+1.3-1.2(syst)% has improved
statistical precision over previous measurements and agrees well with the
expected asymmetry of -2.1%.


  In this paper, we determine the rational orbit decomposition for two
prehomogeneous vector spaces associated with the simple group of type G_2.


  Some aspects of $B$ physics relevant for experiments in hadron colliders are
discussed. These include the determination of parameters of the CKM Matrix and
confirmation of its role in CP violation, studies of mixing of nonstrange and
strange $B$ mesons, lifetimes of hadrons containing $b$ quarks, the use of
``same-side'' tagging of neutral $B$ mesons via correlations with charged pions
through fragmentation or resonances, and the determination of CKM phases
through the study of decays of $B$ mesons to pairs of light hadrons.


  Let $\mathcal{M}$ be a differential module, whose coefficients are analytic
elements on an open annulus $I$ ($\subset \bR_{>0}$) in a valued field,
complete and algebraically closed of inequal characteristic, and let
$R(\mathcal{M}, r)$ be the radius of convergence of its solutions in the
neighbourhood of the generic point $t_r$ of absolute value $r$, with $r\in I$.
Assume that $R(\mathcal{M}, r)<r$ on $I$ and, in the logarithmic coordinates,
the function $r\longrightarrow R(\ mathcal{M}, r)$ has only one slope on $I$.
  In this paper, we prove that for any $r\in I$, all the solutions of
$\mathcal{M}$ in the neighborhood of $t_r$ are analytic and bounded in the disk
$D(t_r,R(\mathcal{M},r)^-)$.


  In this paper, using the Newman-Penrose formalism, we find the Maxwell
equations in NUT space and after separation into angular and radial components
solve them analytically. All the angular equations are solved in terms of
Jaccobi polynomials. The radial equations are transformed into Hypergeometric
and Heun's equations with the right hand sides including terms of different
order in the frequency of the perturbation which allow solutions in the
expansion of this parameter.


  In this paper, we discuss some specific features of symmetries of integrable
systems which can be used to contruct the Fokas-Gel'fand formula for the
immersion of 2D-soliton surfaces, associated with such systems, in Lie
algebras. We establish the sufficient condition for the applicability of this
formula. This condition requires the existence of two vector fields which
generate a common symmetry of the initial system and its corresponding linear
spectral problem. This means that these two fields have to be group-related and
we determine an explicit form of this relation. It provides a criterion for the
selection of symmetries suitable for the use of the Fokas-Gel'fand formula. We
include some examples illustrating its application.


  Aims. To increase the observational samples of star formation around
expanding Hii regions, we analyzed the interstellar medium and star formation
around N22.
  Methods. We used data extracted from the seven large-scale surveys from
infrared to radio wavelengths. In addition we used the JCMT observations of the
J = 3-2 line of 12CO emission data released on CADC and the 12CO J = 2-1 and J
=3-2 lines observed by the KOSMA 3 m telescope. We performed a multiwavelength
study of bubble N22.
  Results. A molecular shell composed of several clumps agrees very well with
the border of N22, suggesting that its expansion is collecting the surrounding
material. The high integrated 12CO line intensity ratio (ranging from 0.7 to
1.14) implies that shocks have driven into the molecular clouds. We identify
eleven possible O-type stars inside the Hii region, five of which are located
in projection inside the cavity of the 20 cm radio continuum emission and are
probably the exciting-star candidates of N22. Twenty-nine YSOs (young stellar
objects) are distributed close to the dense cores of N22. We conclude that star
formation is indeed active around N22; the formation of most of YSOs may have
been triggered by the expanding of the Hii region. After comparing the
dynamical age of N22 and the fragmentation time of the molecular shell, we
suggest that radiation-driven compression of pre-existing dense clumps may be
ongoing.


  We extend the recently developed strong coupling, dimensionally reduced
Polyakov-loop effective theory from finite-temperature pure Yang-Mills to
include heavy fermions and nonzero chemical potential by means of a hopping
parameter expansion. Numerical simulation is employed to investigate the
weakening of the deconfinement transition as a function of the quark mass. The
tractability of the sign problem in this model is exploited to locate the
critical surface in the (M/T, mu/T, T) space over the whole range of chemical
potentials from zero up to infinity.


  This paper aims at providing a comprehensive solution to the archaic open
problem: how to define semantics of three-valued modal logic with vivid
intuitive picture, convincing philosophical justification as well as versatile
practical usage. Based on an existing line of work concerned with investigating
three-valued logic out of innovative angles of view, we adopt a detour approach
to interpret three-valued logic from a four-valued perspective, which results
in the invention of an universal and systematic methodology for developing,
explaining as well as utilizing three-valued modal logic. We illustrate our
method through two concrete cases, one deontic and another epistemic, for both
of which a sound and strongly complete natural deduction proof system is also
presented in detail. We perceive our three-valued modal logic as a lightweight
candidate to merge deontic or epistemic notion into temporal logic, without
heavier burden of multiple modalities.


  Two-pion Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) correlations for p+p and central Pb+Pb
collisions at the Large-Hadron-Collider (LHC) energies are investigated with
the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model combined with a
correlation afterburner. The transverse momentum dependence of the
Pratt-Bertsch HBT radii $R_{long}$, $R_{out}$, and $R_{side}$ is extracted from
a three-dimensional Gaussian fit to the correlator in the longitudinal
co-moving system. In the p+p case, the dependence of correlations on the
charged particle multiplicity and formation time is explored and the data
allows to constrain the formation time in the string fragmentation to $\tau_f
\leq 0.8$ fm/c. In the Pb+Pb case, it is found that $R_{out}$ is overpredicted
by nearly 50%. The LHC results are also compared to data from the STAR
experiment at RHIC. For both energies we find that the calculated
$R_{out}/R_{side}$ ratio is always larger than data, indicating that the
emission in the model is less explosive than observed in the data.


  A simple mass spectrometric method has been developed to quantify dopant
levels in heteronuclear clusters in the gas phase. The method is demonstrated
with reference to quantification of the water content in supersonic beams of
water-doped argon clusters. Such doped clusters have assumed much importance in
the context of recently-reported doping-induced enhancement in the emission of
energetic charged particles and photons upon their interaction with intense
laser pulses. We have also measured the energy that a doped cluster absorbs
from the optical field; we find that energy absorption increases with
increasing level of doping. The oft-used linear model of energy absorption is
found to be quantitatively inadequate.


  We present a conjecture on multiplicity of irreducible representations of a
subgroup $H$ contained in the irreducible representations of a group $G$, with
$G$ and $H$ having the same derived groups. We point out some consequences of
the conjecture, and verification of some of the consequences. We give an
explicit example of multiplicity $2$ upon restriction, as well as certain
theorems in the context of classical groups where the multiplicity is $1$.


  LongEval-Retrieval is a Web document retrieval benchmark that focuses on
continuous retrieval evaluation. This test collection is intended to be used to
study the temporal persistence of Information Retrieval systems and will be
used as the test collection in the Longitudinal Evaluation of Model Performance
Track (LongEval) at CLEF 2023. This benchmark simulates an evolving information
system environment - such as the one a Web search engine operates in - where
the document collection, the query distribution, and relevance all move
continuously, while following the Cranfield paradigm for offline evaluation. To
do that, we introduce the concept of a dynamic test collection that is composed
of successive sub-collections each representing the state of an information
system at a given time step. In LongEval-Retrieval, each sub-collection
contains a set of queries, documents, and soft relevance assessments built from
click models. The data comes from Qwant, a privacy-preserving Web search engine
that primarily focuses on the French market. LongEval-Retrieval also provides a
'mirror' collection: it is initially constructed in the French language to
benefit from the majority of Qwant's traffic, before being translated to
English. This paper presents the creation process of LongEval-Retrieval and
provides baseline runs and analysis.


  We study fluctuation modes in ten-dimensional Yang-Mills theory with a higher
derivative term for the gauge field. We consider the ten-dimensional space-time
to be a product of a four-dimensional space-time and six-dimensional sphere
which exhibits dynamical compactification. Because of the isometry on S^6,
there are flat directions corresponding to the
  Nambu-Goldstone zero modes in the effective theory on the solution. The zero
modes are absorbed into gauge fields and form massive vector fields as a
consequence of the Higgs-Kibble mechanism. The mass of the vector fields is
proportional to the inverse of the radius of the sphere and larger than the
mass scale set by the radius because of the higher derivative term.


  We show that the predictions for lepton flavor violating decays, in the case
of quasi-degenerate neutrinos, change drastically when we include in the
computation the high-energy phases present in the matrix of neutrino Yukawa
couplings.


  Ladder models of ultracold atoms offer a versatile platform for the
experimental and theoretical study of different phenomena and phases of matter
linked to the interplay between artificial gauge fields and interactions.
Strongly correlated helical states are known to appear for specific ratios of
the particle and magnetic flux densities and they can often be interpreted as a
one-dimensional limit of fractional quantum Hall states, thus being called
pretopological. Their signatures, however, are typically hard to observe due to
the small gaps characterizing these states. Here we investigate bosonic ladder
models at filling factor 1. Based on bosonization, renormalization group and
matrix product state simulations we pinpoint two strongly correlated helical
phases appearing at this resonance. We show that one of them can be accessed in
systems with two-species hardcore bosons and on-site repulsions only, thus
amenable for optical lattice experiments. Its signatures are sizable and stable
over a broad range of parameters for realistic system sizes.