  Surface abundances of C, N, and O in red giants are affected by processed
material mixed into the stars' convective envelopes. Using a sample of $\sim
5100$ stars with elemental abundances from APOGEE and asteroseismic masses from
{\it Kepler}, we test theoretical stellar models that predict this mixing, then
apply these models to derive birth C, N, and O abundances for these stars. Our
models with standard mixing can reproduce the observed trends to within
plausible uncertainties in the birth abundances. Some models with ''extra''
mixing processes fail, predicting trends with surface gravity or evolutionary
state that are not observed. Applying mixing corrections to the APOGEE
abundances removes the observed age-dependence of log(N/O) and log(C/N), but it
leaves trends of log(N/O) and log(C/N) with metallicity, as expected based on
nucleosynthesis models. The stellar N/O trend agrees well with Dopita et al.'s
calibration of gas phase log(N/O) with metallicity, and with gas phase trends
in the MaNGA integral field survey of nearby galaxies. We also find a
substantial separation in birth [N/Mg] ratios between high-[$\alpha$/Fe]
(''thick disc'') stars and low-[$\alpha$/Fe] (''thin disc'') stars. We find a
smaller but still clear separation for [C/Mg]. The trends of birth C and N
abundances with [Fe/H] and [$\alpha$/Fe] could affect spectroscopic age
estimates for red giants that rely on the observed C/N ratio as a diagnostic of
stellar mass.


  To examine the effect of exponential, Weibull and Gompertz distributions on
sample size determination for superiority trials (STs) or non-inferiority
trials (NTs) with time-to-event data, we present two sample size formulas for
STs or NTs based on Weibull and Gompertz distributions, respectively. The
formulas are compared with the current exponential formula to examine their
performance. The simulation results show that the sample size formula based on
the Weibull distribution is the most robust among the three formulas in STs or
NTs. We suggest that recognizing the appropriate distribution in advance is
beneficial for proper project planning and that assuming a Weibull distributed
survival time is most advantageous in STs or NTs.


  An old and fundamental problem in databases and data streams is that of
finding the heavy hitters, also known as the top-$k$, most popular items,
frequent items, elephants, or iceberg queries. There are several variants of
this problem, which quantify what it means for an item to be frequent,
including what are known as the $\ell_1$-heavy hitters and $\ell_2$-heavy
hitters. There are a number of algorithmic solutions for these problems,
starting with the work of Misra and Gries, as well as the CountMin and
CountSketch data structures, among others.
  In this survey paper, accompanying an ICDT invited talk, we cover several
recent results developed in this area, which improve upon the classical
solutions to these problems. In particular, with coauthors we develop new
algorithms for finding $\ell_1$-heavy hitters and $\ell_2$-heavy hitters, with
significantly less memory required than what was known, and which are optimal
in a number of parameter regimes.


  The $\mathcal{H}$-coloring problem for undirected simple graphs is a
computational problem from a huge class of the constraint satisfaction problems
(CSP): an $\mathcal{H}$-coloring of a graph $\mathcal{G}$ is just a
homomorphism from $\mathcal{G}$ to $\mathcal{H}$ and the problem is to decide
for fixed $\mathcal{H}$, given $\mathcal{G}$, if a homomorphism exists or not.
The dichotomy theorem for the $\mathcal{H}$-coloring problem was proved by Hell
and Ne\v{s}et\v{r}il in 1990 (an analogous theorem for all CSPs was recently
proved by Zhuk and Bulatov) and it says that for each $\mathcal{H}$ the problem
is either $p$-time decidable or $NP$-complete. Since negations of unsatisfiable
instances of CSP can be expressed as propositional tautologies, it seems to be
natural to investigate the proof complexity of CSP. We show that the decision
algorithm in the $p$-time case of the $\mathcal{H}$-coloring problem can be
formalized in a relatively weak theory and that the tautologies expressing the
negative instances for such $\mathcal{H}$ have short proofs in propositional
proof system $R^*(log)$, a mild extension of resolution. In fact, when the
formulas are expressed as unsatisfiable sets of clauses they have $p$-size
resolution proofs. To establish this we use a well-known connection between
theories of bounded arithmetic and propositional proof systems. We complement
this result by a lower bound result that holds for many weak proof systems for
a special example of $NP$-complete case of the $\mathcal{H}$-coloring problem,
using the known results about proof complexity of the Pigeonhole Principle.


  Let $S =\{x\in \re^n: g_1(x)\geq 0, ..., g_m(x)\geq 0\}$ be a semialgebraic
set defined by multivariate polynomials $g_i(x)$. Assume $S$ is convex, compact
and has nonempty interior. Let $S_i =\{x\in \re^n: g_i(x)\geq 0\}$, and $\bdS$
(resp. $\bdS_i$) be the boundary of $S$ (resp. $S_i$). This paper discusses
whether $S$ can be represented as the projection of some LMI representable set.
Such $S$ is called semidefinite representable or SDP representable. The
contributions of this paper: {\bf (i)} Assume $g_i(x)$ are all concave on $S$.
If the positive definite Lagrange Hessian (PDLH) condition holds, i.e., the
Hessian of the Lagrange function for optimization problem of minimizing any
nonzero linear function $\ell^Tx$ on $S$ is positive definite at the minimizer,
then $S$ is SDP representable. {\bf (ii)} If each $g_i(x)$ is either
sos-concave ($-\nabla^2g_i(x)=W(x)^TW(x)$ for some possibly nonsquare matrix
polynomial $W(x)$) or strictly quasi-concave on $S$, then $S$ is SDP
representable. {\bf (iii)} If each $S_i$ is either sos-convex or poscurv-convex
($S_i$ is compact convex, whose boundary has positive curvature and is
nonsingular, i.e. $\nabla g_i(x) \not = 0$ on $\bdS_i \cap S$), then $S$ is SDP
representable. This also holds for $S_i$ for which $\bdS_i \cap S$ extends
smoothly to the boundary of a poscurv-convex set containing $S$. {\bf (iv)} We
give the complexity of Schm\"{u}dgen and Putinar's matrix Positivstellensatz,
which are critical to the proofs of (i)-(iii).


  The Nernst effect has recently proven a sensitive probe for detecting unusual
normal state properties of unconventional superconductors. In particular, it
may sensitively detect Fermi surface reconstructions which are connected to a
charge or spin density wave (SDW) ordered state, and even fluctuating forms of
such a state. Here we summarize recent results for the Nernst effect of the
iron pnictide superconductor $\rm LaO_{1-x}F_xFeAs$, whose ground state evolves
upon doping from an itinerant SDW to a superconducting state, and the cuprate
superconductor $\rm La_{1.8-x}Eu_{0.2}Sr_xCuO_4$ which exhibits static stripe
order as a ground state competing with the superconductivity. In $\rm
LaO_{1-x}F_xFeAs$, the SDW order leads to a huge Nernst response, which allows
to detect even fluctuating SDW precursors at superconducting doping levels
where long range SDW order is suppressed. This is in contrast to the impact of
stripe order on the normal state Nernst effect in $\rm
La_{1.8-x}Eu_{0.2}Sr_xCuO_4$. Here, though signatures of the stripe order are
detectable in the temperature dependence of the Nernst coefficient, its overall
temperature dependence is very similar to that of $\rm La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$,
where stripe order is absent. The anomalies which are induced by the stripe
order are very subtle and the enhancement of the Nernst response due to static
stripe order in $\rm La_{1.8-x}Eu_{0.2}Sr_xCuO_4$ as compared to that of the
pseudogap phase in $\rm La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$, if any, is very small.


  The Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) instrument has been
operating on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) since 1997. The data
archive is now sufficiently large that it can be used to investigate
instrumental properties and the variability of astronomical sources. This paper
describes the automated calibration and reduction scheme used to process the
archive data with particular emphasis on `jiggle-map' observations of compact
sources. We demonstrate the validity of our automated approach at both 850- and
450-microns and apply it to several of the JCMT secondary flux calibrators. We
determine light curves for the variable sources IRC+10216 and OH231.8. This
automation is made possible by using the ORAC-DR data reduction pipeline, a
flexible and extensible data reduction pipeline that is used on UKIRT and the
JCMT.


  Phase-space realisations of an infinite parameter family of quantum
deformations of the boson algebra in which the $q$-- and the $qp$--deformed
algebras arise as special cases are studied. Quantum and classical models for
the corresponding deformed oscillators are provided. The deformation parameters
are identified with coefficients of non-linear terms in the normal forms
expansion of a family of classical Hamiltonian systems. These quantum
deformations are trivial in the sense that they correspond to non-unitary
transformations of the Weyl algebra. They are non-trivial in the sense that the
deformed commutators consistently quantise a class of non-canonical classical
Poisson structures.


  Based on the structure of Casimir elements associated with general Hopf
algebras there are constructed Liouville-Arnold integrable flows related with
naturally induced Poisson structures on arbitrary co-algebra and their
deformations. Some interesting special cases including the oscillatory
Heisenberg-Weil algebra related co-algebra structures and adjoint with them
integrable Hamiltonian systems are considered.


  Given an endomorphism of a projective variety, by intersecting the graph and
the diagonal varieties we can determine the set of periodic points. In an
effort to determine the periodic points of a given minimal period, we follow a
construction similar to cyclotomic polynomials. The resulting zero-cycle is
called a dynatomic cycle and the points in its support are called formal
periodic points. This article gives a proof of the effectivity of dynatomic
cycles for morphisms of projective varieties using methods from deformation
theory.


  The production of top-quark pairs in hadronic collisions is among the most
important reactions in modern particle physics phenomenology and constitutes an
instrumental avenue to study the properties of the heaviest quark observed in
nature. The analysis of this process at the Large Hadron Collider relies
heavily on Monte Carlo simulations of the final state events, whose accuracy is
challenged by the outstanding precision of experimental measurements. In this
letter we present the first matched computation of top-quark pair production at
next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD with all-order radiative corrections as
implemented via parton-shower simulations. Besides its intrinsic relevance for
LHC phenomenology, this work also establishes an important step towards the
simulation of other hadronic processes with colour charges in the final state.


  In the paper the Dirichlet problem with non-classical conditions not
requiring agreement conditions is considered for a fourth order pseudoparabolic
equation with non-classical coefficients. The equivalence of these conditions
with the classic boundary conditions is substantiated in the case if the
solution of the stated problem is sought in S.L.Sobolev isotropic space.


  Most education and workplace learning takes place in classroom contexts far
removed from laboratories or field sites with special arrangements for
scientific research. But digital online resources provide a novel opportunity
for large scale efforts to bridge the real world and laboratory settings which
support data collection and randomized A/B experiments comparing different
versions of content or interactions [2]. However, there are substantial
technological and practical barriers in aligning instructors and researchers to
use learning technologies like blended lessons/exercises & MOOCs as both a
service for students and a realistic context to conduct research. This paper
explains how the concept of a MOOClet can facilitate research-practitioner
collaborations. MOOClets [3] are defined as modular components of a digital
resource that can be implemented in technology to: (1) allow modification to
create multiple versions, (2) allow experimental comparison and personalization
of different versions, (3) reliably specify what data are collected. We suggest
a framework in which instructors specify what kinds of changes to lessons,
exercises, and emails they would be willing to adopt, and what data they will
collect and make available. Researchers can then: (1) specify or design
experiments that compare the effects of different versions on quantifiable
outcomes. (2) Explore algorithms for maximizing particular outcomes by choosing
alternative versions of a MOOClet based on the input variables available. We
present a prototype survey tool for instructors intended to facilitate
practitioner researcher matches and successful collaborations.


  For a given diagrammatic approximation in many-body perturbation theory it is
not guaranteed that positive observables, such as the density or the spectral
function, retain their positivity. For zero-temperature systems we developed a
method [Phys.Rev.B 90,115134 (2014)] based on so-called cutting rules for
Feynman diagrams that enforces these properties diagrammatically, thus solving
the problem of negative spectral densities observed for various vertex
approximations. In this work we extend this method to systems at finite
temperature by formulating the cutting rules in terms of retarded $N$-point
functions, thereby simplifying earlier approaches and simultaneously solving
the issue of non-vanishing vacuum diagrams that has plagued finite temperature
expansions. Our approach is moreover valid for nonequilibrium systems in
initial equilibrium and allows us to show that important commonly used
approximations, namely the $GW$, second Born and $T$-matrix approximation,
retain positive spectral functions at finite temperature. Finally we derive an
analytic continuation relation between the spectral forms of retarded $N$-point
functions and their Matsubara counterparts and a set of Feynman rules to
evaluate them.


  The feasibility of making highly redshifted HI 21-cm (rest frame)
measurements from an early epoch of the Universe between the Dark Ages and
Reionization (i.e., z>6 and nu<200 MHz) to probe the effects of feedback from
the first stars and quasars is assessed in this paper. It may be possible to
determine the distribution of hydrogen through the Universe and to constrain
the birth of the first stars and black holes via HI tomography. Such
observations may also place limits on the properties of Inflation and any
exotic heating mechanisms before the first star formation begins (e.g., dark
matter decay). The global (all-sky) HI signal after Recombination has distinct
features at different frequencies between 30 and 200 MHz that changes as the
relative balance between the CMB and spin temperatures changes due to the
expansion of the Universe and the ignition of stars and/or black holes. A
technology roadmap to approach these observations beginning with ground-based
arrays and ending with a low frequency radio array on the lunar farside is
described.


  Let $Q$ denote MacLane's $Q$-construction, and $\otimes$ denote the smash
product of spectra. In this paper we construct an equivalence $Q(R)\simeq
\mathbb Z\otimes R$ in the category of $A_\infty$ ring spectra for any ring
$R$, thus proving a conjecture made by Fiedorowicz, Schw\"anzl, Vogt and
Waldhausen in "MacLane homology and topological Hochschild homology". More
precisely, we construct is a symmetric monoidal structure on $Q$ (in the
$\infty$-categorical sense) extending the usual monoidal structure, for which
we prove an equivalence $Q(-)\simeq \mathbb Z\otimes -$ as symmetric monoidal
functors, from which the conjecture follows immediately.
  From this result, we obtain a new proof of the equivalence
$\mathrm{HML}(R,M)\simeq \mathrm{THH}(R,M)$ originally proved by Pirashvili and
Waldaushen in "MacLane homology and topological Hochschild homology" (a
different paper from the one cited above). This equivalence is in fact made
symmetric monoidal, and so it also provides a proof of the equivalence
$\mathrm{HML}(R)\simeq \mathrm{THH}(R)$ as $E_\infty$ ring spectra, when $R$ is
a commutative ring.


  Multi-task learning (MTL) is a powerful approach in deep learning that
leverages the information from multiple tasks during training to improve model
performance. In medical imaging, MTL has shown great potential to solve various
tasks. However, existing MTL architectures in medical imaging are limited in
sharing information across tasks, reducing the potential performance
improvements of MTL. In this study, we introduce a novel attention-based MTL
framework to better leverage inter-task interactions for various tasks from
pixel-level to image-level predictions. Specifically, we propose a Cross-Task
Attention Network (CTAN) which utilizes cross-task attention mechanisms to
incorporate information by interacting across tasks. We validated CTAN on four
medical imaging datasets that span different domains and tasks including:
radiation treatment planning prediction using planning CT images of two
different target cancers (Prostate, OpenKBP); pigmented skin lesion
segmentation and diagnosis using dermatoscopic images (HAM10000); and COVID-19
diagnosis and severity prediction using chest CT scans (STOIC). Our study
demonstrates the effectiveness of CTAN in improving the accuracy of medical
imaging tasks. Compared to standard single-task learning (STL), CTAN
demonstrated a 4.67% improvement in performance and outperformed both widely
used MTL baselines: hard parameter sharing (HPS) with an average performance
improvement of 3.22%; and multi-task attention network (MTAN) with a relative
decrease of 5.38%. These findings highlight the significance of our proposed
MTL framework in solving medical imaging tasks and its potential to improve
their accuracy across domains.


  The DAMA/LIBRA experiment ($\sim$ 250 kg of highly radio-pure NaI(Tl)) is
running deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) of the
I.N.F.N. Here we briefly recall the results obtained in its first phase of
measurements (DAMA/LIBRA--phase1, total exposure: 1.04 ton $\times$ yr).
DAMA/LIBRA--phase1 and the former DAMA/NaI (cumulative exposure: $1.33$ ton
$\times$ yr) give evidence at 9.3 $\sigma$ C.L. for the presence of DM
particles in the galactic halo by exploiting the model-independent DM annual
modulation signature. No systematic or side reaction able to mimic the
exploited DM signature has been found or suggested by anyone over more than a
decade. At present DAMA/LIBRA--phase2 is running with increased sensitivity.


  We discuss the impact of the planned upgrades of the HERA collider on the
study of open heavy flavour and quarkonium production. New experimental
techniques in charm physics are presented.


  The recently proposed Vision transformers (ViTs) have shown very impressive
empirical performance in various computer vision tasks, and they are viewed as
an important type of foundation model. However, ViTs are typically constructed
with large-scale sizes, which then severely hinder their potential deployment
in many practical resources-constrained applications. To mitigate this
challenging problem, structured pruning is a promising solution to compress
model size and enable practical efficiency. However, unlike its current
popularity for CNNs and RNNs, structured pruning for ViT models is little
explored.
  In this paper, we propose GOHSP, a unified framework of Graph and
Optimization-based Structured Pruning for ViT models. We first develop a
graph-based ranking for measuring the importance of attention heads, and the
extracted importance information is further integrated to an optimization-based
procedure to impose the heterogeneous structured sparsity patterns on the ViT
models. Experimental results show that our proposed GOHSP demonstrates
excellent compression performance. On CIFAR-10 dataset, our approach can bring
40% parameters reduction with no accuracy loss for ViT-Small model. On ImageNet
dataset, with 30% and 35% sparsity ratio for DeiT-Tiny and DeiT-Small models,
our approach achieves 1.65% and 0.76% accuracy increase over the existing
structured pruning methods, respectively.


  We develop various topological notions on four-manifolds of Kleinian
signature $(- - + +)$. In particular, we extend the concept of `Kleinian metric
homotopy' to non-orientable manifolds. We then derive the topological
obstructions to pin-Klein cobordism, for all of the pin groups. Finally, we
discuss various examples and applications which arise from this work.


  The large language based-model chatbot ChatGPT gained a lot of popularity
since its launch and has been used in a wide range of situations. This research
centers around a particular situation, when the ChatGPT is used to produce news
that will be consumed by the population, causing the facilitation in the
production of fake news, spread of misinformation and lack of trust in news
sources. Aware of these problems, this research aims to build an artificial
intelligence model capable of performing authorship attribution on news
articles, identifying the ones written by the ChatGPT. To achieve this goal, a
dataset containing equal amounts of human and ChatGPT written news was
assembled and different natural processing language techniques were used to
extract features from it that were used to train, validate and test three
models built with different techniques. The best performance was produced by
the Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network model, achiving
91.57\% accuracy when tested against the data from the testing set.


  We use a recent upper limit from CDF on like-sign top pair production to
place constraints on general new vector bosons and scalars mediating u u -> t
t. The possible vector bosons comprise neutral colour singlets or octets, and
charge 4/3 colour triplets or sextets, whereas the new scalars can be neutral
colour singlets or octets and charge 4/3 colour sextets. We also estimate the
expected bounds from like-sign top pair production at LHC in the near future.
Then, we address the implications of these limits for the forward-backward
asymmetry in t tbar production measured at Tevatron. In particular, we find
that models explaining the observed asymmetry by the exchange of a single
t-channel heavy Z' boson are already excluded. On the other hand, light Z'
bosons with a mass M_Z' ~ 150 GeV, which could also account for a recent CDF
dijet excess in W+jet production, are barely allowed.


  A revolution is taking place in telecommunication networks. New services are
appearing on platforms such as third generation cellular phones (3G) and
broadband Internet access. This motivates the transition from mostly switched
to all-IP networks. The replacement of the traditional shallow and well-defined
interface to telephony networks brings accrued flexibility, but also makes the
network accordingly difficult to properly secure. This paper surveys the
implications of this transition on security issues in telecom applications. It
does not give an exhaustive list of security tools or security protocols. Its
goal is rather to initiate the reader to the security issues brought to carrier
class servers by this revolution.


  Totally isotropic surfaces in $S^6$ are not necessarily Willmore surfaces.
Therefore it is the first goal of this paper to derive a geometric
characterization of totally isotropic Willmore two-spheres in $S^6$. This will
naturally yield to a description of such surfaces in terms of the loop group
language. Moreover, applying the loop group method, we also obtain an algorithm
to construct totally isotropic Willmore two-spheres in $S^6$. As an
application, a new, totally isotropic Willmore two-sphere which is not
S-Willmore (i.e., has no dual surface) in $S^6$ is constructed, illustrating
the theory of this paper.


  Continuous monitoring of oil and gas infrastructure is of interest for
improving emissions and safety by enabling rapid identification and repair of
emission sources, especially large sources that are responsible for the bulk of
total emissions. We have previously demonstrated dual frequency comb
spectroscopy (DCS) coupled with atmospheric modeling and inversion techniques
(the DCS Observing System) as a viable and accurate approach for detection,
attribution and quantification of methane emissions at distances of more than 1
km under controlled, steady emissions scenarios. Here, we present the results
of validation testing designed to mimic the complexity of operational well pad
emissions from oil and gas production, and the first field measurements at an
active oil and gas facility. The validation tests are performed single-blind
(the measurement and data analysis team are not given information about the
emissions) at the Methane Emissions Technology Evaluation Center (METEC) test
facility. They consist of a series of scenarios ranging from a single,
steady-rate emission point to multiple emission points that include
intermittent releases (the METEC "R2" tests). Additionally, we present field
measurements at an active natural gas storage facility demonstrating that the
system can remotely and autonomously monitor methane emissions in a true
industrial setting. This field verification is in a configuration designed for
continuous and long-term characterization of operational and fugitive
emissions. These demonstrations confirm that the DCS Observing System can
provide high-confidence continuous monitoring of emissions from complex,
operational facilities among natural gas infrastructure.


  Tensor decomposition (TD) is an important method for extracting latent
information from high-dimensional (multi-modal) sparse data. This study
presents a novel framework for accelerating fundamental TD operations on
massively parallel GPU architectures. In contrast to prior work, the proposed
Blocked Linearized Coordinate (BLCO) format enables efficient out-of-memory
computation of tensor algorithms using a unified implementation that works on a
single tensor copy. Our adaptive blocking and linearization strategies not only
meet the resource constraints of GPU devices, but also accelerate data
indexing, eliminate control-flow and memory-access irregularities, and reduce
kernel launching overhead. To address the substantial synchronization cost on
GPUs, we introduce an opportunistic conflict resolution algorithm, in which
threads collaborate instead of contending on memory access to discover and
resolve their conflicting updates on-the-fly, without keeping any auxiliary
information or storing non-zero elements in specific mode orientations. As a
result, our framework delivers superior in-memory performance compared to prior
state-of-the-art, and is the only framework capable of processing out-of-memory
tensors. On the latest Intel and NVIDIA GPUs, BLCO achieves 2.12-2.6X
geometric-mean speedup (with up to 33.35X speedup) over the state-of-the-art
mixed-mode compressed sparse fiber (MM-CSF) on a range of real-world sparse
tensors.


  We show that the Zariski closure of the set of hypersurfaces of degree $M$ in
${\mathbb P}^{M}$, where $M\geq 5$, which are either not factorial or not
birationally superrigid, is of codimension at least $\binom{M-3}{2}+1$ in the
parameter space.


  Let $K,K'$ be two-bridge knots of genus $n,k$ respectively. We show the
necessary and sufficient condition of $n$ in terms of $k$ that there exists an
epimorphism from the knot group of $K$ onto that of $K'$.


  Plutarchus, circa 100 AD, in his early book on "astrophysics" --in which he
exposed, in a sense, a general theory of gravitation-- wrote the noticeable
passage: <<The Moon gets the guarantee of not falling down just from its motion
and from the dash associated with its revolution, exactly as stones in slings
cannot fall due to their circular whirling motion; in fact, each thing is
dragged by its mere natural motion only if it isn't deviated by something else.
The Moon, therefore, is not dragged down by its weight, because its natural
tendency is frustrated by its revolution. And, on the contrary, it would be
really amazing if it could remain at rest always at the same place, like the
Earth>>. While Posidonius (circa 135-51 BC) had written: <<Matter is endowed
with a cohesion that keeps it together and against which the surrounding vacuum
has no power. Indeed, the material world is supported by an immense force, and
alternately contracts and expands in the vacuum following its own physical
processes, now consumed by fire, now, instead, giving rise to a new creation of
the cosmos>>. These two examples show how "modern" was part of the ancient
Greek physics, frequently overlooked since it is sometimes known through the
praiseworthy translations of scholars often competent in humanities, more than
in science. [A more extended English summary appears at the beginning of this
article, which is in Italian.]


  The neutralino relic abundance is evaluated for a wide range of the
neutralino mass, ${\rm 20\ GeV} \leq m_\chi \leq {\rm 1\ TeV}$, by taking into
account the full set of final states in the neutralino-neutralino annihilation.
The analysis is performed in the Minimal SuSy Standard Model; it is not
restricted by stringent GUT assumptions but only constrained by present
experimental bounds. We also discuss phenomenological aspects which are
employed in the companion paper (II. Direct Detection) where the chances for a
successful search for dark matter neutralino are investigated.


  The joint bidiagonalization(JBD) process is a useful algorithm for the
computation of the generalized singular value decomposition(GSVD) of a matrix
pair. However, it always suffers from rounding errors, which causes the Lanczos
vectors to loss their mutual orthogonality. In order to maintain some level of
orthongonality, we present a semiorthogonalization strategy. Our rounding error
analysis shows that the JBD process with the semiorthogonalization strategy can
ensure that the convergence of the computed quantities is not affected by
rounding errors and the final accuracy is high enough. Based on the
semiorthogonalization strategy, we develop the joint bidiagonalization process
with partial reorthogonalization(JBDPRO). In the JBDPRO algorithm,
reorthogonalizations occur only when necessary, which saves a big amount of
reorthogonalization work compared with the full reorthogonalization strategy.
Numerical experiments illustrate our theory and algorithm.


  Measurements of inclusive and differential production cross-sections of a
top-quark-top-antiquark pair in association with a $W$ boson ($t\bar{t}W$) are
presented. They are performed by targeting final states with two same-sign or
three isolated leptons (electrons or muons) and are based on $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV
proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$,
recorded from 2015 to 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron
Collider. The inclusive $t\bar{t}W$ production cross-section is measured to be
$880 \pm 80$ fb, compared to a reference theoretical prediction of $745 \pm
50\,\textrm{(scale)} \pm 13\,\textrm{(2-loop approx.)} \pm 19\,\textrm{(PDF,}
\alpha_{\textrm{S}})$ fb. Differential cross-section measurements characterise
this process in detail for the first time. Several particle-level observables
are compared with a variety of theoretical predictions, which generally agree
well with the normalised differential cross-section results. Additionally, the
relative charge asymmetry of $t\bar{t}W^{+}$ and $t\bar{t}W^{-}$ is measured
inclusively to be ${A_{\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{rel}}} = 0.33 \pm 0.05$, in very
good agreement with the theoretical prediction of $0.322 \pm
0.003\,\mathrm{(scale)} \pm 0.007\,\mathrm{(PDF)}$, as well as differentially.


  The clustering of matter, as measured by the matter power spectrum, informs
us about dark matter and cosmology, as well as baryonic effects on the
distribution of matter in the universe. Using cosmological hydrodynamical
simulations from the cosmo-OWLS and BAHAMAS simulation projects, we investigate
the contribution of power in haloes with various masses, defined by particles
within some overdensity region, to the full power spectrum, as well as the
power ratio between baryonic and dark matter only (DMO) simulations for a
matched (between simulations) and an unmatched set of haloes. We find that the
presence of AGN feedback suppresses the power on all scales for haloes of all
masses examined ($10^{11.25}\leq M_{500,\mathrm{crit}}\leq
10^{14.75}\,\mathrm{M_\odot}/h$), by ejecting matter from within
$r_{500,\mathrm{c}}$ to $r_{200,\mathrm{m}}$ and potentially beyond in massive
haloes ($M_{500,\mathrm{crit}}\gtrsim 10^{13}\,\mathrm{M_\odot}/h$), and likely
impeding the growth of lower-mass haloes as a consequence. A lower AGN feedback
temperature drastically changes the behaviour of high-mass haloes
($M_{500,\mathrm{crit}}\geq 10^{13.25}\,\mathrm{M_\odot}/h$), damping the
effects of AGN feedback at small scales, $k\,\gtrsim\,4\,h\mathrm{\,Mpc^{-1}}$.
For $k\,\lesssim\,3\,h\mathrm{\,Mpc^{-1}}$, group-sized haloes
($10^{14\pm0.25}\, \mathrm{M_\odot}/h$) dominate the power spectrum, while on
smaller scales the combined contributions of lower-mass haloes to the full
power spectrum rise above that of the group-sized haloes. Finally, we present a
model for the power suppression due to feedback, which combines observed mean
halo baryon fractions with halo mass fractions and halo-matter cross-spectra
extracted from dark matter only simulations to predict the power suppression to
percent-level accuracy down to $k\,\approx\,10\,h\mathrm{\,Mpc^{-1}}$ without
any free parameters.


  Graphics processing units (GPU) had evolved from a specialized hardware
capable to render high quality graphics in games to a commodity hardware for
effective processing blocks of data in a parallel schema. This evolution is
particularly interesting for scientific groups, which traditionally use mainly
CPU as a work horse, and now can profit of the arrival of GPU hardware to HPC
clusters. This new GPU hardware promises a boost in peak performance, but it is
not trivial to use. In this article a programming platform designed to promote
a direct use of this specialized hardware is presented. This platform includes
a visual editor of parallel data flows and it is oriented to the execution in
distributed clusters with GPUs. Examples of application in two characteristic
problems, Fast Fourier Transform and Image Compression, are also shown.


  Given a positive integer $d$, the class $d$-DIR is defined as all those
intersection graphs formed from a finite collection of line segments in
${\mathbb R}^2$ having at most $d$ slopes. Since each slope induces an interval
graph, it easily follows for every $G$ in $d$-DIR with clique number at most
$\omega$ that the chromatic number $\chi(G)$ of $G$ is at most $d\omega$. We
show for every even value of $\omega$ how to construct a graph in $d$-DIR that
meets this bound exactly. This partially confirms a conjecture of Bhattacharya,
Dvo\v{r}\'ak and Noorizadeh. Furthermore, we show that the $\chi$-binding
function of $d$-DIR is $\omega \mapsto d\omega$ for $\omega$ even and $\omega
\mapsto d(\omega-1)+1$ for $\omega$ odd. This refutes said conjecture of
Bhattacharya, Dvo\v{r}\'ak and Noorizadeh.


  LSTM based language models are an important part of modern LVCSR systems as
they significantly improve performance over traditional backoff language
models. Incorporating them efficiently into decoding has been notoriously
difficult. In this paper we present an approach based on a combination of
one-pass decoding and lattice rescoring. We perform decoding with the LSTM-LM
in the first pass but recombine hypothesis that share the last two words,
afterwards we rescore the resulting lattice. We run our systems on GPGPU
equipped machines and are able to produce competitive results on the Hub5'00
and Librispeech evaluation corpora with a runtime better than real-time. In
addition we shortly investigate the possibility to carry out the full sum over
all state-sequences belonging to a given word-hypothesis during decoding
without recombination.


  We carry out a systematic investigation of twist-two spin dependent structure
functions of the nucleon within the framework of the chiral quark soliton model
(CQSM) by paying special attention to the role of chiral symmetry of QCD. We
observe a substantial difference between the predictions of the longitudinally
polarized distribution functions and the transversity distribution ones. That
the chiral symmetry is responsible for this difference can most clearly be seen
in the isospin dependence of the corresponding first moments, i.e. the axial
and tensor charges. The CQSM predicts $g_A^{(0)} / g_A^{(3)} \simeq 0.25$ for
the ratio of the isoscalar to isovector axial charges, and $g_T^{(0)} /
g_T^{(3)} \simeq 0.46$ for the ratio of the isoscalar to isovector tensor
charges, which should be compared with the prediction of the naive (non-chiral)
MIT bag model, $g_A^{(0)} / g_A^{(3)} = g_T^{(0)} / g_T^{(3)} = 3 / 5$.


  Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe the inventory of solid
state and molecular species in circumstellar ejecta. Here we analyse the
infrared spectrum of the Asymptotic Giant Branch star W Hya, obtained by the
Short and Long Wavelength Spectrometers on board of the Infrared Satellite
Observatory. These spectra show evidence for the presence of amorphous
silicates, aluminum oxide, and magnesium-iron oxide grains. We have modelled
the spectral energy distribution using laboratory measured optical properties
of these compounds and derive a total dust mass loss rate of 3E-10 Msol/yr. We
find no satisfactory fit to the 13 micron dust emission feature and the
identification of its carrier is still an open issue. We have also modelled the
molecular absorption bands due to H2O, OH, CO, CO2, SiO, and SO2 and estimated
the excitation temperatures for different bands which range from 300 to 3000K.
It is clear that different molecules giving rise to these absorption bands
originate from different gas layers. We present and analyse high resolution
Fabry-Perot spectra of the three CO2 bands in the 15 micron region. In these
data, the bands are resolved into individual Q-lines in emission, which allows
the direct determination of the excitation temperature and column density of
the emitting gas. This reveals the presence of a warm (about 450K) extended
layer of CO2, somewhere between the photosphere and the dust formation zone.
The gas in this layer is cooler than the 1000K CO2 gas responsible for the
low-resolution absorption bands at 4.25 and 15 micron. The rotational and
vibrational excitation temperatures derived from the individual Q-branch lines
of CO2 are different (450K and 150K, respectively) so that the CO2 level
population is not in LTE.


  Topological properties of antiferromagnetic phases are studied for a
correlated topological band insulator by applying the dynamical mean field
theory to an extended Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model including the Hubbard
interaction. The calculation of the magnetic moment and the spin Chern number
confirms the existence of a non-trivial antiferromagnetic (AF) phase beyond the
Hartree-Fock theory. In particular, we uncover the intriguing fact that the
topologically non-trivial AF phase is essentially stabilized by correlation
effects but not by the Hartree shifts alone. This counterintuitive effect is
demonstrated, through a comparison with the Hartree-Fock results, and should
apply for generic topological insulators with strong correlations.


  We argue that observations of old neutron stars can impose constraints on
dark matter candidates even with very small elastic or inelastic cross section,
and self-annihilation cross section. We find that old neutron stars close to
the galactic center or in globular clusters can maintain a surface temperature
that could in principle be detected. Due to their compactness, neutron stars
can acrete WIMPs efficiently even if the WIMP-to-nucleon cross section obeys
the current limits from direct dark matter searches, and therefore they could
constrain a wide range of dark matter candidates.


  Time-optimal control for high-order chain-of-integrators systems with full
state constraints remains an open and challenging problem in the optimal
control theory domain. The behaviors of optimal control in high-order problems
lack precision characterization, even where the existence of the chattering
phenomenon remains unknown and overlooked. This paper establishes a theoretical
framework for chattering phenomena in the considered problem, providing novel
findings on the uniqueness of state constraints inducing chattering, the upper
bound on switching times in an unconstrained arc during chattering, and the
convergence of states and costates to the chattering limit point. For the first
time, this paper proves the existence of the chattering phenomenon in the
considered problem. The chattering optimal control for 4th order problems with
velocity constraints is precisely solved, providing an approach to plan
strictly time-optimal snap-limited trajectories. Other cases of order $n\leq4$
are proved not to allow chattering. The conclusions correct the longstanding
misconception in the industry regarding the time-optimality of S-shaped
trajectories with minimal switching times.


  This paper deals with the long time behavior of the optimal solution of
stochastic backward linear-quadratic optimal control problem over the finite
time horizon. Both weak and strong turnpike properties are established under
appropriate conditions, including stabilizability condition. The key
ingredients are to formulate the corresponding static optimization problem and
determine the correction processes. However, our techniques are quite different
from stochastic (forward) linear-quadratic case.


  Block coordinate descent is an optimization paradigm that iteratively updates
one block of variables at a time, making it quite amenable to big data
applications due to its scalability and performance. Its convergence behavior
has been extensively studied in the (block-wise) convex case, but it is much
less explored in the non-convex case. In this paper we analyze the convergence
of block coordinate methods on non-convex sets and derive convergence rates on
smooth manifolds under natural or weaker assumptions than prior work. Our
analysis applies to many non-convex problems, including ones that seek
low-dimensional structures (e.g., maximal coding rate reduction, neural
collapse, reverse engineering adversarial attacks, generalized PCA, alternating
projection); ones that seek combinatorial structures (homomorphic sensing,
regression without correspondences, real phase retrieval, robust point
matching); ones that seek geometric structures from visual data (e.g.,
essential matrix estimation, absolute pose estimation); and ones that seek
inliers sparsely hidden in a large number of outliers (e.g., outlier-robust
estimation via iteratively-reweighted least-squares). While our convergence
theory applies to all these problems, yielding novel corollaries, it also
applies to other, perhaps more familiar, problems (e.g., optimal transport,
matrix factorization, Burer-Monteiro factorization), recovering previously
known results.


  We review the main software and computing challenges for the Monte Carlo
physics event generators used by the LHC experiments, in view of the
High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) physics programme. This paper has been prepared by
the HEP Software Foundation (HSF) Physics Event Generator Working Group as an
input to the LHCC review of HL-LHC computing, which has started in May 2020.


  We study the moduli space of flat $GL(1|1)$-connections on a punctured
surface from the point of view of graph connections. To each fatgraph, a system
of coordinates is assigned, which involves two bosonic and two fermionic
variables per edge, subject to certain relations. In the case of trivalent
graphs, we provide a closed explicit formula for the Whitehead moves. In
addition, we discuss the invariant Poisson bracket.


  In the recent work of Herath et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 043004 (2012)] the
first experimental observation of a dependence of strong-field ionization rate
on the sign of the magnetic quantum number m (of the initial bound state
(n,l.m)) was reported. The experiment with nearly circularly polarized light
could not distinguish which sign of m favors faster ionization. We perform ab
initio calculations for the hydrogen atom initially in one of the four bound
sub states with the principal quantum number n=2 and irradiated by a short
circularly polarized laser pulse of 800nm. In the intensity range of 10^12 to
10^13 Watts/cm^2 excited bound states play a very important role, but also up
to some 10^15 Watts/cm^2 they can not be neglected in a full description of the
laser-atom interaction. We explore the region that with increasing intensity
switches from multiphoton to over the barrrier ionization and we find unlike in
tunneling-type theories, that the ratio of ionization rates for electrons
initially counter-rotating and co-rotating (with respect to the laser field)
may be higher or lower than one.


  Quark and gluon helicity flip generalized parton distributions (GPDs) address
the transversity quark and gluon structure of the nucleon. In order to
construct a theoretically consistent parametrization of these hadronic matrix
elements, we work out the set of combinations of those GPDs suitable for the
${\rm SO}(3)$ partial wave (PW) expansion in the cross-channel. This universal
result will help to build up a flexible parametrization of these important
hadronic non-perturbative quantities, using for instance the approaches based
on the conformal PW expansion of GPDs such as the Mellin-Barnes integral or the
dual parametrization techniques.


  Under mild assumptions, we remove all traces of the axiom of choice from the
construction of the maximal globally hyperbolic Cauchy development in general
relativity. The construction relies on the notion of direct union manifolds,
which we review. The construction given is very general: any physical theory
with a suitable geometric representation (in particular all classical fields),
and such that a strong notion of "local existence and uniqueness" of solutions
for the corresponding initial value problem is available, is amenable to the
same treatment.


  We propose an extension of popular descriptors based on gradient orientation
histograms (HOG, computed in a single image) to multiple views. It hinges on
interpreting HOG as a conditional density in the space of sampled images, where
the effects of nuisance factors such as viewpoint and illumination are
marginalized. However, such marginalization is performed with respect to a very
coarse approximation of the underlying distribution. Our extension leverages on
the fact that multiple views of the same scene allow separating intrinsic from
nuisance variability, and thus afford better marginalization of the latter. The
result is a descriptor that has the same complexity of single-view HOG, and can
be compared in the same manner, but exploits multiple views to better trade off
insensitivity to nuisance variability with specificity to intrinsic
variability. We also introduce a novel multi-view wide-baseline matching
dataset, consisting of a mixture of real and synthetic objects with ground
truthed camera motion and dense three-dimensional geometry.


  We study how the geometry of the large extra dimensions may affect field
theory results on a three-brane. More specifically, we compare cross sections
for graviton emission from a brane when the internal space is a N-torus and a
N-sphere for N=2 to 6. The method we present can be used for other smooth
compact geometries. We find that the ability of high energy colliders to
determine the geometry of the extra dimensions is limited but there is an
enhancement when both the quantum gravity scale and N are large. Our field
theory results are compared with the low energy corrections to the
gravitational inverse square law due to large dimensions compactified on other
spaces such as Calabi-Yau manifolds.


  In this short note we prove, by means of classical fixed point index, an
affine version of a Birkhoff--Kellogg type theorem in cones. We apply our
result to discuss the solvability of a class of boundary value problems for
functional differential equations subject to functional boundary conditions. We
illustrate our theoretical results in an example.


  In this work we present Cutting Plane Inference (CPI), a Maximum A Posteriori
(MAP) inference method for Statistical Relational Learning. Framed in terms of
Markov Logic and inspired by the Cutting Plane Method, it can be seen as a meta
algorithm that instantiates small parts of a large and complex Markov Network
and then solves these using a conventional MAP method. We evaluate CPI on two
tasks, Semantic Role Labelling and Joint Entity Resolution, while plugging in
two different MAP inference methods: the current method of choice for MAP
inference in Markov Logic, MaxWalkSAT, and Integer Linear Programming. We
observe that when used with CPI both methods are significantly faster than when
used alone. In addition, CPI improves the accuracy of MaxWalkSAT and maintains
the exactness of Integer Linear Programming.


  We study the effect of gapless quasiparticles in a d-wave superconductor on
the T=0 end point of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition line in underdoped
high-temperature superconductors. Starting from a lattice model that has
gapless fermions coupled to 3D XY phase fluctuations of the superconducting
order parameter, we propose a continuum field theory to describe the quantum
phase transition between the d-wave superconductor and the spin-density-wave
insulator. Without fermions the theory reduces to the standard Higgs scalar
electrodynamics (HSE), which is known to have the critical point in the
inverted XY universality class. Extending the renormalization group calculation
for the HSE to include the coupling to fermions, we find that the qualitative
effect of fermions is to increase the portion of the space of coupling
constants where the transition is discontinuous. The critical exponents at the
stable fixed point vary continuously with the number of fermion fields $N$, and
we estimate the correlation length exponent (nu = 0.65) and the vortex field
anomalous dimension(eta_Phi=-0.48) at the quantum critical point for the
physical case N=2. The stable critical point in the theory disappears for the
number of Dirac fermions N > N_c, with N_c ~ 3.4 in our approximation. We
discuss the relationship between the superconducting and the chiral (SDW)
transitions, and point to some interesting parallels between our theory and the
Thirring model.


  A path to lowering the economic barrier associated with the high cost of
metal additively manufactured components is to reduce the waste via powder
reuse (powder cycled back into the process) and recycling (powder chemically,
physically, or thermally processed to recover the original properties)
strategies. In electron beam powder bed fusion, there is a possibility of
reusing 95 - 98% of the powder that is not melted. However, there is a lack of
systematic studies focusing on quantifying the variation of powder properties
induced by number of reuse cycles. This work compares the influence of multiple
reuse cycles, as well as powder blends created from reused powder, on various
powder characteristics such as the morphology, size distribution, flow
properties, packing properties and chemical composition (oxygen and nitrogen
content). It was found that there is an increase in measured response in powder
size distribution, tapped density, Hausner ratio, Carr index, basic flow energy
and specific energy, dynamic angle of repose, oxygen, and nitrogen content,
while the bulk density remained largely unchanged.


  A Ginzburg-Landau model is used to demonstrate how depletion layers give rise
to thickness-dependent ferroelectric properties in thin films. It is shown that
free charge layers at the film-electrode interface can result in an internal
electric field in the bulk of the film even when no external voltage is
applied. At high values of the donor dopant density and small thicknesses, this
internal electric field can be strong enough to lead to the formation of a
domain pattern. This causes a drop in the remnant polarization; a direct
demonstration of the important role free charge plays in thin ferroelectric
films.


  In this paper, we propose the quantum semi-supervised generative adversarial
network (qSGAN). The system is composed of a quantum generator and a classical
discriminator/classifier (D/C). The goal is to train both the generator and the
D/C, so that the latter may get a high classification accuracy for a given
dataset. The generator needs neither any data loading nor to generate a pure
quantum state, while it is expected to serve as a stronger adversary than a
classical one thanks to its rich expressibility. These advantages are
demonstrated in a numerical simulation.


  A binary relation on graphs is recursively enumerable if and only if it can
be computed by a formula in monadic second-order logic. The latter means that
the formula defines a set of graphs, in the usual way, such that each
"computation graph" in that set determines a pair consisting of an input graph
and an output graph.


  Existing research has demonstrated that refining large language models (LLMs)
through the utilization of machine-generated instruction-following data
empowers these models to exhibit impressive zero-shot capabilities for novel
tasks, without requiring human-authored instructions. In this paper, we
systematically investigate, preprocess, and integrate three Chinese
instruction-following datasets with the aim of enhancing the Chinese
conversational capabilities of Mixtral-8x7B sparse Mixture-of-Experts model.
Through instruction fine-tuning on this carefully processed dataset, we
successfully construct the Mixtral-8x7B sparse Mixture-of-Experts model named
"Aurora." To assess the performance of Aurora, we utilize three widely
recognized benchmark tests: C-Eval, MMLU, and CMMLU. Empirical studies validate
the effectiveness of instruction fine-tuning applied to Mixtral-8x7B sparse
Mixture-of-Experts model. This work is pioneering in the execution of
instruction fine-tuning on a sparse expert-mixed model, marking a significant
breakthrough in enhancing the capabilities of this model architecture. Our
code, data and model are publicly available at
  https://github.com/WangRongsheng/Aurora


  We use the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to conduct a
high-sensitivity survey of neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption in the Milky Way.
In combination with corresponding HI emission spectra obtained mostly with the
Arecibo Observatory, we detect a widespread warm neutral medium (WNM) component
with excitation temperature <Ts>= 7200 (+1800,-1200) K (68% confidence). This
temperature lies above theoretical predictions based on collisional excitation
alone, implying that Ly-{\alpha} scattering, the most probable additional
source of excitation, is more important in the interstellar medium (ISM) than
previously assumed. Our results demonstrate that HI absorption can be used to
constrain the Ly-{\alpha} radiation field, a critical quantity for studying the
energy balance in the ISM and intergalactic medium yet notoriously difficult to
model because of its complicated radiative transfer, in and around galaxies
nearby and at high redshift.


  We construct one dimensional steady-state models of accretion disks produced
by the tidal disruption of a white dwarf (WD) by a neutron star (NS) or stellar
mass black hole (BH). At radii r <~ 1e8.5-1e9 cm the midplane density and
temperature are sufficiently high to burn the initial white dwarf material into
increasingly heavier elements (e.g. Mg, Si, S, Ca, Fe, and Ni) at sequentially
smaller radii. When the energy released by nuclear reactions is comparable to
that released gravitationally, we term the disk a nuclear-dominated accretion
flow (NuDAF). At small radii <~1e7 cm Fe photo-disintegrates into He and then
free nuclei, and cooling by neutrinos may be efficient. At the high accretion
rates of relevance ~ 0.1-1e-4 Msun/s, most of the disk is radiatively
inefficient and prone to outflows powered by viscous dissipation and nuclear
burning. Outflow properties are calculated by requiring that material in the
midplane be marginally bound (Bernoulli constant <~ 0), due (in part) to
cooling by matter escaping the disk. For reasonable assumptions regarding the
properties of disk winds, we show that a significant fraction >50-80 per cent
of the total WD mass is unbound. The ejecta composition is predominantly O, C,
Si, Mg, Ne, Fe, and S [He, C, Si, S, Ar, and Fe], in the case of C-O [He] WDs,
respectively, along with a small quantity ~1e-3-1e-2 Msun of radioactive Ni56
and, potentially, a trace amount of H. We use our results to evaluate possible
EM counterparts of WD-NS/BH mergers, including optical transients powered by
the radioactive decay of Ni56 and radio transients powered by the interaction
of the ejecta with the interstellar medium. We address whether recently
discovered subluminous Type I supernovae result from WD-NS/BH mergers. Our
results also have implications for accretion following the core collapse of
massive stars in collapsar models for gamma-ray bursts.


  The emergence of localised radial patterns from a Turing instability has been
well studied in two and three dimensional settings and predicted for higher
spatial dimensions. We prove the existence of localised $(n+1)$-dimensional
radial patterns in general two-component reaction-diffusion systems near a
Turing instability, where $n>0$ is taken to be a continuous parameter. We
determine explicit dependence of each pattern's radial profile on the dimension
$n$ through the introduction of $(n+1)$-dimensional Bessel functions, revealing
a deep connection between the formation of localised radial patterns in
different spatial dimensions.


  We consider the fundamental problem of decomposing a large-scale approximate
nearest neighbor search (ANNS) problem into smaller sub-problems. The goal is
to partition the input points into neighborhood-preserving shards, so that the
nearest neighbors of any point are contained in only a few shards. When a query
arrives, a routing algorithm is used to identify the shards which should be
searched for its nearest neighbors. This approach forms the backbone of
distributed ANNS, where the dataset is so large that it must be split across
multiple machines.
  In this paper, we design simple and highly efficient routing methods, and
prove strong theoretical guarantees on their performance. A crucial
characteristic of our routing algorithms is that they are inherently modular,
and can be used with any partitioning method. This addresses a key drawback of
prior approaches, where the routing algorithms are inextricably linked to their
associated partitioning method. In particular, our new routing methods enable
the use of balanced graph partitioning, which is a high-quality partitioning
method without a naturally associated routing algorithm. Thus, we provide the
first methods for routing using balanced graph partitioning that are extremely
fast to train, admit low latency, and achieve high recall. We provide a
comprehensive evaluation of our full partitioning and routing pipeline on
billion-scale datasets, where it outperforms existing scalable partitioning
methods by significant margins, achieving up to 2.14x higher QPS at 90%
recall$@10$ than the best competitor.


  We find the sharp bounds on $h^0(F)$ for one-dimensional semistable sheaves
$F$ on a projective variety $X$ by using the spectrum of semistable sheaves.
The result generalizes the Clifford theorem. When $X$ is the projective plane
$\mathbb{P}^2$, we study the stratification of the moduli space by the spectrum
of sheaves. We show that the deepest stratum is isomorphic to a subscheme of a
relative Hilbert scheme. This provides an example of a family of semistable
sheaves having the biggest dimensional global section space.


  This paper is devoted to the study of inverse source problems for coupled
systems of heat equations with constant or spatial--dependent coupling terms
and whose internal measurements involve a reduced number of observed states.
The analysis is developed for two kind of systems: the first one consists of
parabolic equations with zero order coupling terms (or the so-called
non-self-adjoint matrix potential) and whose possibly space-dependent
coefficients. The second one consists of parabolic equations with coupling in
the diffusion matrix. In all configurations the source is decomposed in
separate variables, where the temporal part is known and scalar, whereas the
spatial dependence is an unknown vector field. This work builds on previous
methodologies for the recovery of source in scalar equations and Stokes fluids,
thus expanding the field to include coupled systems of second order parabolic
equations. Numerical algorithms through the finite element method in 1D and 2D
are performed. Several examples showing that the algorithms make possible to
recover space-dependent sources.


  Recent measurements of elliptic flow (v_2) and the nuclear modification
factor (R_{CP}) of strange mesons and baryons in the intermediate p_T domain in
Au+Au collisions demonstrate a scaling with the number of constituent-quarks.
This suggests hadron production via quark coalescence from a thermalized parton
system. Measuring the elliptic flow of charmed hadrons, which are believed to
originate rather from fragmentation than from coalescence processes, might
therefore change our view of hadron production in heavy ion collisions.
  While direct v_2 measurements of charmed hadrons are currently not available,
single electron v_2 at sufficiently high transverse momenta can serve as a
substitute. At transverse momenta above 2 GeV/c, the production of single
electrons from non-photonic sources is expected to be dominated by the decay of
charmed hadrons. Simulations show a strong correlation between the flow of the
charmed hadrons and the flow of their decay electrons for p_T > 2 GeV/c.
  We will present preliminary STAR results from our single electron v_2
measurements from Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies.


  We study the spin-dependent transport through a quantum dot coupled to two
ferromagnetic electrodes using the equation of motion method for the
nonequilibrium Green's functions. Our results show that the conductance and the
density of states (DOS) are strongly dependent on the configurations of the
magnetic electrodes. In parallel configuration of magnetic electrodes the
conductance is affected by the spin-flip process and the Coulomb repulsion on
the dot. The Kondo peak for spin-dependent transport is splitted into two peaks
by the spin-flip process. The locations of the two peaks are symmetric about no
spin-flip peak and the separation of the splitting is dependent on the strength
of the spin-flip parameter $R$. This effect may be useful to realize the
spin-filter device.


  Active learning (AL) is an effective approach to select the most informative
samples to label so as to reduce the annotation cost. Existing AL methods
typically work under the closed-set assumption, i.e., all classes existing in
the unlabeled sample pool need to be classified by the target model. However,
in some practical clinical tasks, the unlabeled pool may contain not only the
target classes that need to be fine-grainedly classified, but also non-target
classes that are irrelevant to the clinical tasks. Existing AL methods cannot
work well in this scenario because they tend to select a large number of
non-target samples. In this paper, we formulate this scenario as an open-set AL
problem and propose an efficient framework, OpenAL, to address the challenge of
querying samples from an unlabeled pool with both target class and non-target
class samples. Experiments on fine-grained classification of pathology images
show that OpenAL can significantly improve the query quality of target class
samples and achieve higher performance than current state-of-the-art AL
methods. Code is available at https://github.com/miccaiif/OpenAL.


  Recently, many Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) have been successfully
employed in bitemporal SAR image change detection. However, most of the
existing networks are too heavy and occupy a large volume of memory for storage
and calculation. Motivated by this, in this paper, we propose a lightweight
neural network to reduce the computational and spatial complexity and
facilitate the change detection on an edge device. In the proposed network, we
replace normal convolutional layers with bottleneck layers that keep the same
number of channels between input and output. Next, we employ dilated
convolutional kernels with a few non-zero entries that reduce the running time
in convolutional operators. Comparing with the conventional convolutional
neural network, our light-weighted neural network will be more efficient with
fewer parameters. We verify our light-weighted neural network on four sets of
bitemporal SAR images. The experimental results show that the proposed network
can obtain better performance than the conventional CNN and has better model
generalization, especially on the challenging datasets with complex scenes.


  In recent years, large language models (LLMs), such as GPTs, have attained
great impact worldwide. However, how to adapt these LLMs to better suit the
vertical domain-specific tasks by utilizing external knowledge remains not
completely solved. Indeed, there have emerged a few works on this line where
most of them rely on an alignment heuristic that is built to inject the
corresponding knowledge tuple into the associated text sample.
  However, despite the promise, we identify a pivotal problem in this work
ubiquitously. Simply put, we find that injecting unaligned (i.e., random)
knowledge tuple into the LLMs achieves comparable (and sometimes better)
results than the aligned knowledge being injected. We therefore take a thorough
investigation of this frustrating finding on a variety of related prior work
and further provide a chain of potential interpretations for the phenomenon.
Based on all that, we offer a simple remediated technique. Briefly, the core of
this technique is rooted in an ideological emphasis on the pruning and
purification of the external knowledge base to be injected into LLMs. At last,
we show that by integrating this technique into most (if not all) knowledge
injection frameworks and recent LLMs, it manages to overcome the aforementioned
sanity problem and further pushes the boundary of the performance of the
domain-adaptive LLMs.


  Runaway OB stars are ejected from their parent clusters via two mechanisms,
both involving multiple stars: the dynamical ejection scenario (DES) and the
binary supernova scenario (BSS). We constrain the relative contributions from
these two ejection mechanisms in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using data
for 304 field OB stars from the spatially complete, Runaways and Isolated
O-Type Star Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC (RIOTS4). We obtain stellar masses
and projected rotational velocities $v_r\sin i $ for the sample using RIOTS4
spectra, and use transverse velocities $v_{\rm loc}$ from $\it{Gaia}$ DR2
proper motions. Kinematic analyses of the masses, $v_r\sin i $, non-compact
binaries, high-mass X-ray binaries, and Oe/Be stars largely support predictions
for the statistical properties of the DES and BSS populations. We find that
dynamical ejections dominate over supernova ejections by a factor of $\sim 2-3$
in the SMC, and our results suggest a high frequency of DES runaways and binary
ejections. Objects seen as BSS runaways also include two-step ejections of
binaries that are reaccelerated by SN kicks. We find that two-step runaways
likely dominate the BSS runaway population. Our results further imply that any
contribution from $\it{in-situ}$ field OB star formation is small. Finally, our
data strongly support the post-mass-transfer model for the origin of classical
Oe/Be stars, providing a simple explanation for the bimodality in the $v_r\sin
i $ distribution and high, near-critical, Oe/Be rotation velocities. The close
correspondence of Oe/Be stars with BSS predictions implies that the
emission-line disks are long-lived.


  We study the ultrafast quasiparticle dynamics in and below the ZnO conduction
band using femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy.
Above band gap excitation causes hot electron relaxation by electron-phonon
scattering down to the Fermi level $E_\text{F}$ followed by ultrafast (200 fs)
formation of a surface exciton (SX). Transient screening of the Coulomb
interaction reduces the SX formation probability at high excitation densities
near the Mott limit. Located just below the surface, the SX are stable with
regard to hydrogen-induced work function modifications and thus the ideal
prerequisite for resonant energy transfer applications.


  We demonstrate a Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier (RA) overcoming bifurcation
instability and consequently achieving high extraction energies of 6.9 mJ at a
repetition rate of 1 kHz with pulse-to-pulse fluctuations of 1.1%. Measurements
of the output pulse energy, corroborated by numerical simulations, identify an
operation point that allows high-energy pulse extraction at a minimum noise
level. Complete suppression of the onset of bifurcation was achieved by gain
saturation after each pumping cycle in the Ho:YLF crystal via lowering the
repetition rate and cooling the crystal. Even for moderate cooling, a
significant temperature dependence of the Ho:YLF RA performance was observed.


  The study of environmental problems usually requires the description of
variables with different nature and the assessment of relations between them.
In this work, an algorithm for flexible estimation of the joint density for a
circular-linear variable is proposed. The method is applied for exploring the
relation between wind direction and SO2 concentration in a monitoring station
close to a power plant located in Galicia (NW-Spain), in order to compare the
effectiveness of precautionary measures for pollutants reduction in two
different years.


  This work presents the study of multiphase relations of classical Cepheids in
the Magellanic Clouds for short periods (log P < 1) and long periods (log P >
1). From the analysis, it has been found that the multiphase relations obtained
using the models as well as observations are highly dynamic with pulsational
phase. The multiphase relations for short and long periods are found to display
contrasting behaviour for both LMC and SMC. It has been observed that the
multiphase relations obtained using the models agree better with the
observations in the PC plane in most phases in comparison to the PL plane.
Multiphase relations obtained using the models display a clear distinction
among different convection sets in most phases. Comparison of models and
observations in the multiphase plane is one way to test the models with the
observations and to constrain the theory of stellar pulsation.


  Analysis of galaxy--galaxy strong lensing systems is strongly dependent on
any prior assumptions made about the appearance of the source. Here we present
a method of imposing a data-driven prior / regularisation for source galaxies
based on denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs). We use a pre-trained
model for galaxy images, AstroDDPM, and a chain of conditional reconstruction
steps called denoising diffusion reconstruction model (DDRM) to obtain samples
consistent both with the noisy observation and with the distribution of
training data for AstroDDPM. We show that these samples have the qualitative
properties associated with the posterior for the source model: in a
low-to-medium noise scenario they closely resemble the observation, while
reconstructions from uncertain data show greater variability, consistent with
the distribution encoded in the generative model used as prior.


  In this work we develop a theory of correlated many-electron dynamics dressed
by the presence of a finite-temperature harmonic bath. The theory is based on
the ab-initio Hamiltonian, and thus well-defined apart from any
phenomenological choice of collective basis states or electronic coupling
model. The equation-of-motion includes some bath effects non-perturbatively,
and can be used to simulate line- shapes beyond the Markovian approximation and
open electronic dynamics which are subjects of renewed recent interest. Energy
conversion and transport depend critically on the ratio of electron-electron
coupling to bath-electron coupling, which is a fitted parameter if a
phenomenological basis of many-electron states is used to develop an electronic
equation of motion. Since the present work doesn't appeal to any such basis, it
avoids this ambiguity. The new theory produces a level of detail beyond the
adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer states, but with cost scaling like the
Born-Oppenheimer approach. While developing this model we have also applied the
time-convolutionless perturbation theory to correlated molecular excitations
for the first time. Resonant response properties are given by the formalism
without phenomenological parameters. Example propagations with a developmental
code are given demonstrating the treatment of electron-correlation in
absorption spectra, vibronic structure, and decay in an open system.


  The temperature dependence of the electron-spin resonance linewidth in
La0.95Sr0.05MnO3 has been determined and analyzed in the paramagnetic regime
across the orbital ordering transition. From the temperature dependence and the
anisotropy of linewidth and $g$-value the orbital order can be unambiguously
determined via the mixing angle of the wave functions of the $e_{\rm
g}$-doublet. The linewidth shows a similar evolution with temperature as
resonant x-ray scattering results.


  Two distinct models of feedback, suited for FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)
and TDD (Frequency Division Duplex) systems respectively, have been widely
studied in the literature. In this paper, we compare these two models of
feedback in terms of the diversity multiplexing tradeoff for varying amount of
channel state information at the terminals. We find that, when all
imperfections are accounted for, the maximum achievable diversity order in FDD
systems matches the diversity order in TDD systems. TDD systems achieve better
diversity order at higher multiplexing gains. In FDD systems, the maximum
diversity order can be achieved with just a single bit of feedback. Additional
bits of feedback (perfect or imperfect) do not affect the diversity order if
the receiver does not know the channel state information.


  Geant4 has been used throughout the nuclear and high-energy physics community
to simulate energy depositions in various detectors and materials. These
simulations have mostly been run with a source beam outside the detector. In
the case of low-background physics, however, a primary concern is the effect on
the detector from radioactivity inherent in the detector parts themselves. From
this standpoint, there is no single source or beam, but rather a collection of
sources with potentially complicated spatial extent. LUXSim is a simulation
framework used by the LUX collaboration that takes a component-centric approach
to event generation and recording. A new set of classes allows for multiple
radioactive sources to be set within any number of components at run time, with
the entire collection of sources handled within a single simulation run.
Various levels of information can also be recorded from the individual
components, with these record levels also being set at runtime. This
flexibility in both source generation and information recording is possible
without the need to recompile, reducing the complexity of code management and
the proliferation of versions. Within the code itself, casting geometry objects
within this new set of classes rather than as the default Geant4 classes
automatically extends this flexibility to every individual component. No
additional work is required on the part of the developer, reducing development
time and increasing confidence in the results. We describe the guiding
principles behind LUXSim, detail some of its unique classes and methods, and
give examples of usage.
  * Corresponding author<EMAIL_ADDRESS>


  Until now, HD 155448 has been known as a post-AGB star and listed as a
quadruple system. In this paper, we study the system in depth and reveal that
the B component itself is a binary and that the five stars HD 155448 A, B1, B2,
C, and D likely form a comoving stellar system. From a spectroscopic analysis
we derive the spectral types and find that all components are B dwarfs (A: B1V,
B1: B6V, B2: B9V, C: B4Ve, D: B8V). Their stellar ages put them close to the
ZAMS, and their distance is estimated to be ~2 kpc. Of particular interest is
the C component, which shows strong hydrogen and forbidden emission lines at
optical wavelengths. All emission lines are spatially extended in the eastern
direction and appear to have a similar velocity shift, except for the [OI]
line. In the IR images, we see an arc-like shape to the northeast of HD 155448
C. From the optical up to 10 micron, most circumstellar emission is located at
distances between ~1.0 arcsec and 3.0 arcsec from HD 155448 C, while in the Q
band the arc-like structure appears to be in contact with HD 155448 C. The
Spitzer and VLT/VISIR mid-IR spectra show that the circumstellar material
closest to the star consists of silicates, while polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) dominate the emission at distances >1 arcsec with bands at
8.6, 11.3, and 12.7 micron. We consider several scenarios to explain the
unusual, asymmetric, arc-shaped geometry of the circumstellar matter. The most
likely explanation is an outflow colliding with remnant matter from the star
formation process.


  We investigate the entanglement produced by a multi-path interferometer that
is composed of two symmetric multiports, with phase shifts applied to the
output of the first multiport. Particular attention is paid to the case when we
have a single photon entering the interferometer. For this situation we derive
a simple condition that characterize the types of entanglement that one can
generate. We then show how one can use the results from the single photon case
to determine what kinds of multi-photon entangled states one can prepare using
the interferometer.


  Measurements of vector mesons at HERA allow a detailed study of diffractive
and non-diffractive production mechanisms, fragmentation and decay branching
ratios. Results are presented on hadronic resonance measurements. In addition,
the first observation of two meson states at masses around 1500 MeV and 1700
MeV are reported using inclusive KsKs production in deep inelastic ep
scattering in ZEUS at HERA.


  We say that a finite metric space $X$ can be embedded almost isometrically
into a class of metric spaces $C$, if for every $\epsilon > 0$ there exists an
embedding of $X$ into one of the elements of $C$ with the bi-Lipschitz
distortion less then $1 + \epsilon$. We show that almost isometric
embeddability conditions are equal for following classes of spaces
  (a) Quotients of Euclidean spaces by isometric actions of finite groups,
  (b) $L_2$-Wasserstein spaces over Euclidean spaces,
  (c) Compact flat manifolds,
  (d) Compact flat orbifolds,
  (e) Quotients of connected compact bi-invariant Lie groups by isometric
actions of compact Lie groups. (This one is the most surprising.)
  We call spaces which satisfy this conditions finite flat spaces. The question
about synthetic definition naturally arises.
  Since Markov type constants depend only on finite subsets we can conclude
that connected compact bi-invariant Lie groups and their quotients have Markov
type $2$ with constant $1$.


  Semantic Segmentation (SS) is the task to assign a semantic label to each
pixel of the observed images, which is of crucial significance for autonomous
vehicles, navigation assistance systems for the visually impaired, and
augmented reality devices. However, there is still a long way for SS to be put
into practice as there are two essential challenges that need to be addressed:
efficiency and evaluation criterions for practical application. For specific
application scenarios, different criterions need to be adopted. Recall rate is
an important criterion for many tasks like autonomous vehicles. For autonomous
vehicles, we need to focus on the detection of the traffic objects like cars,
buses, and pedestrians, which should be detected with high recall rates. In
other words, it is preferable to detect it wrongly than miss it, because the
other traffic objects will be dangerous if the algorithm miss them and segment
them as safe roadways. In this paper, our main goal is to explore possible
methods to attain high recall rate. Firstly, we propose a real-time SS network
named Swift Factorized Network (SFN). The proposed network is adapted from
SwiftNet, whose structure is a typical U-shape structure with lateral
connections. Inspired by ERFNet and Global convolution Networks (GCNet), we
propose two different blocks to enlarge valid receptive field. They do not take
up too much calculation resources, but significantly enhance the performance
compared with the baseline network. Secondly, we explore three ways to achieve
higher recall rate, i.e. loss function, classifier and decision rules. We
perform a comprehensive set of experiments on state-of-the-art datasets
including CamVid and Cityscapes. We demonstrate that our SS convolutional
neural networks reach excellent performance. Furthermore, we make a detailed
analysis and comparison of the three proposed methods on the promotion of
recall rate.


  Determination of the quasi-elastic scattering cross-section over a broad
range of neutrino energies, nuclear targets and Q^2 is a primary goal of the
MINERvA experiment. We present preliminary comparisons of data and simulation
in a sample rich in anti-{\nu}_{\mu}+p\rightarrow{\mu}+n events from
approximately one eighth of the total anti-{\nu} events collected by MINERvA to
date. We discuss future plans for quasi-elastic analyses in MINERvA.


  Domain generalization (DG) is a branch of transfer learning that aims to
train the learning models on several seen domains and subsequently apply these
pre-trained models to other unseen (unknown but related) domains. To deal with
challenging settings in DG where both data and label of the unseen domain are
not available at training time, the most common approach is to design the
classifiers based on the domain-invariant representation features, i.e., the
latent representations that are unchanged and transferable between domains.
Contrary to popular belief, we show that designing classifiers based on
invariant representation features alone is necessary but insufficient in DG.
Our analysis indicates the necessity of imposing a constraint on the
reconstruction loss induced by representation functions to preserve most of the
relevant information about the label in the latent space. More importantly, we
point out the trade-off between minimizing the reconstruction loss and
achieving domain alignment in DG. Our theoretical results motivate a new DG
framework that jointly optimizes the reconstruction loss and the domain
discrepancy. Both theoretical and numerical results are provided to justify our
approach.


  The recently developed $B$-Mesogenesis scenario predicts decays of $B$ mesons
into a baryon and hypothetical dark antibaryon $\Psi$. We suggest a method to
calculate the amplitude of the simplest exclusive decay mode $B^+\to p \Psi$.
Considering two models of $B$-Mesogenesis, we obtain the $B\to p$ hadronic
matrix elements by applying QCD light-cone sum rules with the proton light-cone
distribution amplitudes. We estimate the $B^+\to p \Psi$ decay width as a
function of the mass and effective coupling of the dark antibaryon.


  We have performed a complete enumeration of non-isotopic triples of mutually
orthogonal $k\times n$ Latin rectangles for $k\leq n \leq 7$. Here we will
present a census of such triples, classified by various properties, including
the order of the autotopism group of the triple. As part of this we have also
achieved the first enumeration of pairwise orthogonal triples of Youden
rectangles. We have also studied orthogonal triples of $k \times 8$ rectangles
which are formed by extending mutually orthogonal triples with non-trivial
autotopisms one row at a time, and requiring that the autotopism group is
non-trivial in each step. This class includes a triple coming from the
projective plane of order 8. Here we find a remarkably symmetrical pair of
triples of $4 \times 8$ rectangles, formed by juxtaposing two selected copies
of complete sets of MOLS of order 4.


  Real-time or near real-time hyperspectral detection and identification are
extremely useful and needed in many fields. These data sets can be quite large,
and the algorithms can require numerous computations that slow the process
down. A common way of speeding up the process is to use principal component
analysis (PCA) for dimension reduction. In the reduced dimensional space,
provided by a subset of the principal components, fewer computations are needed
to process the data resulting in a faster run time. In this paper, we propose a
way to further decrease the time required to use PCA by investigating how many
principal components may be omitted with minimal impact on the detection rate.
Using ACE to perform the detection, and then probability, and spectral fit for
identification, we find that the number of principal components can be reduced
by a substantial amount before seeing a noticeable change in detection rates.


  We present a simple methods to leverage the table content for the BERT-based
model to solve the text-to-SQL problem. Based on the observation that some of
the table content match some words in question string and some of the table
header also match some words in question string, we encode two addition feature
vector for the deep model. Our methods also benefit the model inference in
testing time as the tables are almost the same in training and testing time. We
test our model on the WikiSQL dataset and outperform the BERT-based baseline by
3.7% in logic form and 3.7% in execution accuracy and achieve state-of-the-art.


  The equation of motion in the generally covariant modified gravity (MOG)
theory leads for weak gravitational fields and the non-relativistic limit to a
modification of the Newtonian gravitational acceleration law, expressed in
terms of two parameters $\alpha$ and $\mu$. The parameter $\alpha$ determines
the strength of the gravitational field and $\mu$ is the effective mass of the
vector field $\phi_\mu$, coupled with gravitational strength to baryonic
matter. The MOG acceleration law for weak field gravitation and
non-relativistic particles has been demonstrated to fit a wide range of
galaxies, galaxy clusters and the Bullet Cluster and Train Wreck Cluster
mergers. We demonstrate that the MOG acceleration law for a point mass source
is in agreement with the McGaugh et al., correlation between the radial
acceleration traced by galaxy rotation curves and the distribution of baryonic
matter for the SPARC sample of 153 rotationally supported spiral and irregular
galaxies.


  We present results for the b \bar b spectrum obtained using an
O(M_bv^6)-correct non-relativistic lattice QCD action, where M_b denotes the
bare b-quark mass and v^2 is the mean squared quark velocity. Propagators are
evaluated on SESAM's three sets of dynamical gauge configurations generated
with two flavours of Wilson fermions at beta = 5.6. These results, the first of
their kind obtained with dynamical Wilson fermions, are compared to a quenched
analysis at equivalent lattice spacing, beta = 6.0. Using our three sea-quark
values we perform the ``chiral'' extrapolation to m_eff = m_s/3, where m_s
denotes the strange quark mass. The light quark mass dependence is found to be
small in relation to the statistical errors. Comparing the full QCD result to
our quenched simulation we find better agreement of our dynamical data with
experimental results in the spin-independent sector but observe no unquenching
effects in hyperfine-splittings. To pin down the systematic errors we have also
compared quenched results in different ``tadpole'' schemes as well as using a
lower order action. We find that spin-splittings with an O(M_bv^4) action are
O(10%) higher compared to O(M_bv^6) results. Relative to the results obtained
with the plaquette method the Landau gauge mean link tadpole scheme raises the
spin splittings by about the same margin so that our two improvements are
opposite in effect.


  We report detailed investigations of the properties of a superconductor
obtained by substituting In at the Sn site in the topological crystalline
insulator (TCI), SnTe. Transport, magnetization and heat capacity measurements
have been performed on crystals of Sn0.6In0.4Te, which is shown to be a bulk
superconductor with Tc(onset) at ~4.70(5) K and Tc(zero) at ~3.50(5) K. The
upper and lower critical fields are estimated to be {\mu}0Hc2(0) = 1.42(3) T
and {\mu}0Hc1(0) = 0.90(3) mT respectively, while {\kappa} = 56.4(8) indicates
this material is a strongly type II superconductor.


  We solve the continuation problem for the non-isentropic Euler equations
following the collapse of an imploding shock wave. More precisely, we prove
that the self-similar G\"uderley imploding shock solutions for a perfect gas
with adiabatic exponent $\gamma\in(1,3]$ admit a self-similar extension
consisting of two regions of smooth flow separated by an outgoing spherically
symmetric shock wave of finite strength. In addition, for
$\gamma\in(1,\frac53]$, we show that there is a unique choice of shock wave
that gives rise to a globally defined self-similar flow with physical state at
the spatial origin.


  We study the problem of choosing the copula when the marginal distributions
of a random vector are not all continuous. Inspired by three motivating
examples including simulation from copulas, stress scenarios, and co-risk
measures, we propose to use the checkerboard copula, that is, intuitively, the
unique copula with a distribution that is as uniform as possible within regions
of flexibility. We show that the checkerboard copula has the largest Shannon
entropy, which means that it carries the least information among all possible
copulas for a given random vector. Furthermore, the checkerboard copula
preserves the dependence information of the original random vector, leading to
two applications in the context of diversification penalty and impact
portfolios.


  In this article, we count the number of return words in some infinite words
with complexity 2n+1. We also consider some infinite words given by codings of
rotation and interval exchange transformations on k intervals. We prove that
the number of return words over a given word w for these infinite words is
exactly k.


  Rigid, hard and soft problems and results in arithmetic geometry are
presented. "Soft" and "hard" in our paper are limited to the framework of
solutions of quadratic forms over rings of integers of local and global fields,
the Hardy-Littlewood-Kloosterman method. Next we consider the notion of
rigidity. In the framework we give review of some novel results in the aria.


  Terrains are the main part of an electronic game. To reduce human effort on
game development, procedural techniques are used to generate synthetic
terrains. However rendering a terrain is not a trivial task. Their rendering
techniques must be optimal for gaming. Specially planetary terrains, which must
account for precision and scale conversion. Multi-resolution models are best
fit to planetary terrains. An observer can change his point of view without
noticing any decrease in visual quality. There are several proposals regarding
real-time terrain rendering with multi-resolution models, and there are game
engines capable of generating large scale terrains with fixed resolution.
However for the best of our knowledge, it was noticed that there are no
techniques which combine both aspects. In this paper we present a new technique
capable of generating large-scale multi-resolution terrains, whichcan be
rendered and viewed at different scales. Rendering large scale models with high
definition and low scale areas with finer details added with the aid of
procedural content generation.


  Protoclusters of galaxies have been found in the last quarter century.
However, most of them have been found through the overdensity of star-forming
galaxies, and there had been no known structures identified by multiple
spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies at $z>2.5$. In this letter, we
report the discovery of an overdense structure of massive quiescent galaxies
with the spectroscopic redshift $z=2.77$ in the COSMOS field, QO-1000. We first
photometrically identify this structure as a $4.2\sigma$ overdensity with 14
quiescent galaxies in $7\times4\ {\rm pMpc^2}$ from the COSMOS2020 catalog. We
then securely confirm the spectroscopic redshifts of 4 quiescent galaxies by
detecting multiple Balmer absorption lines with Keck/MOSFIRE. All the
spectroscopically confirmed members are massive
($\log{(M_\star/M_\odot)}>11.0$) and located in a narrow redshift range
($2.76<z<2.79$). Moreover, three of them are in the $1\times1\ {\rm pMpc^2}$ in
the transverse direction at the same redshift ($z=2.760-2.763$). Such a
concentration of four spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies implies
that QO-1000 is $>68$ times denser than in the general field. In addition, we
confirm that they form a red sequence in the $J-K_s$ color. This structure's
halo mass is estimated as $\log{(M_{\rm halo}/M_\odot)}>13.2$ from their
stellar mass. Similar structures found in the IllustrisTNG simulation are
expected to evolve into massive galaxy clusters with $\log{(M_{\rm
halo}/M_\odot)}\geq14.8$ at $z=0$. These results suggest that QO-1000 is a more
mature protocluster than the other known protoclusters. It is likely in a
transition phase between the star-forming protoclusters and the quenched galaxy
clusters.


  In this paper an approximation of the set of multivariable and $L_2$
integrable trajectories of the control system described by Urysohn type
integral equation is considered. It is assumed that the system is affine with
respect to the control vector. The admissible control functions are chosen from
the closed ball of the space $L_2$, centered at the origin with radius $\rho$.
Step by step way, the set of admissible control functions is replaced by the
set of controls, consisting of a finite number of piecewise-constant control
functions. It is proved that under appropriate choosing of the discretization
parameters, the set of trajectories generated by a finite number of
piecewise-constant control functions is an internal approximation of the set of
trajectories.


  Colloidal particles in a liquid crystal (LC) behave very differently from
their counterparts in isotropic fluids. Elastic nature of the orientational
order and surface anchoring of the director cause long-range anisotropic
interactions and lead to the phenomenon of levitation. The LC environment
enables new mechanisms of particle transport that are reviewed in this work.
Among them the motion of particles caused by gradients of the director, and
effects in the electric field: backflow powered by director reorientations,
dielectrophoresis in LC with varying dielectric permittivity and LC-enabled
nonlinear electrophoresis with velocity that depends on the square of the
applied electric field and can be directed differently from the field
direction.


  Security is a critical issue of the modern file and storage systems, it is
imperative to protect the stored data from unauthorized access. We have
developed a file security system named as Java File Security System (JFSS) [1]
that guarantee the security to files on the demand of all users. It has been
developed on Java platform. Java has been used as programming language in order
to provide portability, but it enforces some performance limitations. It is
developed in FUSE (File System in User space) [3]. Many efforts have been done
over the years for developing file systems in user space (FUSE). All have their
own merits and demerits. In this paper we have evaluated the performance of
Java File Security System (JFSS). Over and over again, the increased security
comes at the expense of user convenience, performance or compatibility with
other systems. JFSS system performance evaluations show that encryption
overheads are modest as compared to security.


  Textual personality detection aims to identify personality characteristics by
analyzing user-generated content toward social media platforms. Numerous
psychological literature highlighted that personality encompasses both
long-term stable traits and short-term dynamic states. However, existing
studies often concentrate only on either long-term or short-term personality
representations, without effectively combining both aspects. This limitation
hinders a comprehensive understanding of individuals' personalities, as both
stable traits and dynamic states are vital. To bridge this gap, we propose a
Dual Enhanced Network(DEN) to jointly model users' long-term and short-term
personality for textual personality detection. In DEN, a Long-term Personality
Encoding is devised to effectively model long-term stable personality traits.
Short-term Personality Encoding is presented to capture short-term dynamic
personality states. The Bi-directional Interaction component facilitates the
integration of both personality aspects, allowing for a comprehensive
representation of the user's personality. Experimental results on two
personality detection datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the DEN model
and the benefits of considering both the dynamic and stable nature of
personality characteristics for textual personality detection.


  From single vehicle data a number of new empirical results concerning the
density-dependence of the velocity distribution and its moments as well as the
characteristics of their temporal fluctuations have been determined. These are
utilized for the specification of some fundamental relations of traffic flow
and compared with existing traffic theories.