**Meet the editors**

Jucheng Yang is a special professor at the College of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China. He received his BS degree from the South Central University for Nationalities, China, and his MS and PhD degrees from the Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea. He was a visiting professor at the University of

New South Wales, Australia and University of Surrey, UK. He has published over 100 papers in related to international journals and conferences. He served as an editor or a reviewer of international journals, such as *IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security*, *IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics*, *IEEE Communications Magazine*, and *IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Science China*, the chairman of 6 conferences, and a PC member of over 20 conferences. He has applied 50 Chinese patents and was awarded 10 Chinese patents of biometrics. His research interests include biometrics, image processing, pattern recognition, and neural networks.

Yarui Chen is an associate professor at the College of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China. She received her BS degree from the Hebei University of Technology, China, and her MS and PhD degrees from the Tianjin University, China. She has published nearly 20 papers in related to international journals and

conferences. She served as a reviewer of international journals, such as *Neurocomputing*, *Artificial Intelligence Review*, and *KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems*. Her research interests include machine learning, neural networks, probabilistic inference, and approximate inference.

Chuanlei Zhang is an associate professor at the College of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China. He was born on October 09, 1973, and received his BS degree from the Taiyuan University of Technology and his MS and PhD degrees from the China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), China,

in 1995, 1998, and 2006, respectively, all in Electrical Engineering. Since September 2010, he has been working at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada, where he was a postdoctorate student of the Communication and Signal Processing Applications Laboratory (CASPAL). Prior to joining Ryerson, from 2000 to 2010, he was a software manager and a senior software engineer at Motorola (China). From 1998 to 2010, he was a senior software engineer at the Beijing Research Institute of Water Affairs and Automation, China. He is a reviewer of several journals and international conferences, including the *Journal of CUMT Mining Science and Technology*. He is a member of IEEE and a senior member of the Chinese Institute of Electronics. His research interests include pattern recognition and artificial neural network, data mining, signal processing, wireless communication, multimedia retrieval and video content analysis, computational intelligence, and applications in bioinformatics and finance.

Dong Sun Park is a professor at the Division of Electronics Engineering, Chonbuk National University, South Korea. He received his BS degree from the Department of Electronics Engineering, Korea University, South Korea, in 1979, and his MS and PhD degrees from the University of Missouri, USA, in 1984 and 1990, respectively. His research interests include deep neural networks,

Contents

**Preface VII**

Sook Yoon

Chapter 2 **Recognition of Eye Characteristics 7**

**Graph Structure Operator 57**

Chen, Jianzheng Liu and Na Liu

**Section 2 Machine Learning for Biometrics 69**

**Personal Identification 91**

**Ratio: A New Algorithm 113**

Evon Abu-Taieh and Hamed S. Al-Bdour

**AutoEncoder 71**

Ryszard S. Choras

Martin Drahanský

Chapter 1 **Introductory Chapter: Machine Learning and Biometrics 3**

Chapter 3 **A Survey on Soft Biometrics for Human Identification 37** Abdelgader Abdelwhab and Serestina Viriri

Chapter 4 **Face Recognition with Facial Occlusion Based on Local Cycle**

Chapter 5 **Electrocardiogram Recognization Based on Variational**

Shaojie Chen, Zhaopeng Meng and Qing Zhao

Chapter 6 **A Survey on Methods of Image Processing and Recognition for**

Chapter 7 **A Human Body Mathematical Model Biometric Using Golden**

Jucheng Yang, Lingchao Zhang, Meng Li, Tingting Zhao, Yarui

Jucheng Yang, Yarui Chen, Chuanlei Zhang, Dong Sun Park and

**Section 1 Biometrics 1**

biometrics, and computer vision.

Sook Yoon is a professor at the Mokpo National University, South Korea. She received her PhD degree in Electronics Engineering from the Chonbuk National University, Korea, in 2003. She was a researcher in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley, USA, until June 2006. She joined the Mokpo National University in September 2006.

Currently, she is a professor at the Department of Computer Engineering, Mokpo National University. She was a visiting scholar at the Utah Center of Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, USA, from 2013 to 2015. Her main research interests include image processing and computer vision, object recognition, machine learning, and biometrics.