**8.2 Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE)**

CGE technique was developed by Heide et al. to identify various transgenic events in one reaction [54]. The basic principle of this technique is to carry out multiple PCR reaction using forward primers which are fluorescently labeled and discrimination of amplimer of similar magnitude by executing CGE. As compared to the electrophoresis gel, CGE system has higher resolution power to clearly detect PCR products from a multiplex assay. Using the CGE system, eight GM maize were identified via a nonaplex PCR including event-specific, construct-specific, and taxon-specific methods

[55]. Similarly, one pentaplex PCR and two hexaplex PCR were also developed to detect specifically four GM maize and five GM cotton [56]. However, CGE has some disadvantages as it requires extensive labor for designing of primer as well as the optimization when performing the analyses for detection of a new event. Its implementation also requires specialized apparatus which may not always be available.