1. Introduction

Anticoagulant drugs directly or indirectly influence coagulation factors and thus inhibit the initiation and progress of coagulation and fibrin-clot formation. They are classified into two groups according to the mode of application, namely parenteral and oral drugs. Among the latter, vitamin K antagonists (most often warfarin) were the only available oral anticoagulants and were widely used for almost a century. In recent years, new oral anticoagulant drugs became available that directly target either factor IIa or Xa [1].

This chapter provides an overview of both parenteral and oral anticoagulant drugs used in clinical practice with a description of the mode of action and management of therapy in different clinical settings.

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Figure S8 | Lomb-Scargle periodogram of the average degree of the functional brain network of Patient 4 using cross-correlation, corrected cross-correlation, coherence, imaginary coherence, PLI, and WPLI for all montages. The dotted horizontal lines denote the statistical significance level (p = 0.05). The arrows in the inset figures denote the periods around 3.6 and 5.4 h, which were identified across all subjects along with the peaks around 12 and 24 h. Corrected cross correlation and WPLI were affected less by reference choice.

Figure S9 | Lomb-Scargle periodogram of the average degree of the functional brain network of Patient 4 obtained using cross-correlation and bipolar montage, whereby binarization was performed using surrogate data. As suggested in Figure S2, the circadian periodicity is less pronounced compared to networks obtained using thresholding.

Figure S10 | Lomb-Scargle periodogram of the average degree of the functional brain network of Patient 6 (psychogenic seizure patient) using cross-correlation, corrected cross-correlation, coherence, imaginary coherence, PLI, and WPLI for common reference (blue line) and bipolar montage (red line). The dotted horizontal

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lines denote the statistical significance level (p = 0.05). The arrows in the inset figures denote the periods around 3.6 and 5.4 h, which were identified across all subjects along with the peaks around 12 and 24 h. Corrected cross correlation and WPLI were affected less by reference choice.

Zubler, F., Gast, H., Abela, E., Rummel, C., Hauf, M., Wiest, R., et al. (2014). Detecting functional hubs of ictogenic networks. Brain Topogr. 28, 305–317. doi: 10.1007/s10548-014-0370-x

**Conflict of Interest Statement:** The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2019 Anastasiadou, Christodoulakis, Papathanasiou, Papacostas, Hadjipapas and Mitsis. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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