*Article* **A Wireless Body Sensor Network for Clinical Assessment of the Flexion-Relaxation Phenomenon**

**Michele Paoletti 1 , Alberto Belli 1 , Lorenzo Palma 1 , Massimo Vallasciani 2 and Paola Pierleoni 1,\***

Received: 27 May 2020; Accepted: 20 June 2020; Published: 24 June 2020

**Abstract:** An accurate clinical assessment of the flexion-relaxation phenomenon on back muscles requires objective tools for the analysis of surface electromyography signals correlated with the real movement performed by the subject during the flexion-relaxation test. This paper deepens the evaluation of the flexion-relaxation phenomenon using a wireless body sensor network consisting of sEMG sensors in association with a wearable device that integrates accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. The raw data collected from the sensors during the flexion relaxation test are processed by an algorithm able to identify the phases of which the test is composed, provide an evaluation of the myoelectric activity and automatically detect the phenomenon presence/absence. The developed algorithm was used to process the data collected in an acquisition campaign conducted to evaluate the flexion-relaxation phenomenon on back muscles of subjects with and without Low Back Pain. The results have shown that the proposed method is significant for myoelectric silence detection and for clinical assessment of electromyography activity patterns.

**Keywords:** flexion-relaxation phenomenon; surface electromyography; wearable device; WBSN; automatic detection of the FRP


b.Specific Aims

Vocational schools are especially purposeful:

In contrast, according to the Directorate of Secondary and Vocational Education (Dikmenjur) in 2006, the SMK learning system adheres to the concept of full learning (Mastery Learning) in addition to being able to master behaviors, information, and skills to be able to function following their career. As required by competence. In addition to being able to research extensively, it is necessary to develop the overall evaluation principles:

Graduates tend to be "job hunters" and not many are able to work "independently" to incorporate and improve their skills (survival skills). On the other hand, the work ethic of vocational school graduates is still weak in terms of entrepreneurial thought. In accordance with Law No. 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, secondary education consists of general secondary education and vocational secondary education (Article 18, paragraph 2). Senior High School is a general education unit, while Specialized School is a specialized secondary education unit. The objective of the introduction of high school is to provide academic competence for students to pursue their higher education, while at the same time, vocational schools emphasize more on preparing students to be ready to work under certain fields. The introduction of the SMK also offers incentives for students who have the qualifications and skills to pursue professional, professional, and academic education (dual purpose).

#### **3.3 Evolution of vocational high school**

The terms of vocational education and technology are currently being established, there are a stigma and a tendency to define vocational education and technology as an institution that seeks to prepare the workforce in accordance with the interests of students. However, there are quite many limitations related to vocational education and technology in its advancement, namely, among other things, the differing viewpoints of professionals, such as the following.

In the 1920s, Barlow [5] stated that vocational education was a means for someone to prepare and prepare for the services we need. These restrictions are very specific since the word "services" has very different definitions. Struck [5] provides another perspective on vocational education and technology, which leads to the provision of experience to students to be able to carry out work in the field. It seems that this restriction is still very common, as it does not specifically reflect the form and quality of education, both within and outside the classroom.

One form of technical and technological education, namely vocational high school technology. The educational goal is to produce students who comply with the intermediate level work requirements as interpreters or technicians in compliance with other forms of vocational training. Therefore, the management of the learning cycle is more oriented towards the incorporation of vocational skills theory and practice, which refers to the intermediate level of work requirements required by the industrial environment. The presence of an imbalance between what is created by educational institutions and the needs of the labor market is a serious concern of the Directorate for Vocational High School Growth. This seriousness is expressed in the 100-day flagship program of the "Indonesia Bersatu" Cabinet Volume II. Processes, strategies, and action plans should be developed to resolve this mismatch in the 100-day program, in particular the education program.

In order to improve the quality of vocational school graduates, the Ministry of Education and Culture will increase industrial simulations for each vocational school. The purpose of the industrial simulation is to provide vocational students with knowledge of the working culture, the real conditions in the industry, and the mastery of technology. The creation of a cooperation model will also be carried out as a policy action plan. The relationship will be formed between vocational school, vocational higher education, and skills training with the industrial environment, including the creative sector.

This is achieved in order to improve the prospects for intermediation and apprenticeship as well as the suitability of education or training for the world of work [5]. On the other hand, the competitiveness of education can be accomplished through the growth of entrepreneurship, including technology entrepreneurs (IT entrepreneurs) through collaboration between educational institutions and the business world. By the numerous measures outlined above, it is hoped that the connection between education and jobs required by the labor market can be developed and that the unemployment rate will be reduced to the lowest level.

The idea of connection and match has essentially been implemented since the 1994s, when five PSG model schools (Jakarta, Karawang, Semarang, Surabaya, and Medan) were set up, supported by the German Technical Zuzamenarbeit (GTZ). Nevertheless, in its growth, ups and downs are induced, among other things, by the lack of a consistent partnership pattern that can lead to mutually beneficial relationships (mutual benefits). The concept of establishing a mutually beneficial relationship was initially designed to provide tax relief for manufacturing communities that have collaborated intensively with vocational schools and can report on the outcomes. It takes time and a clear political will from the Government in the process of understanding the notion. In addition to applying the principle of

linkage and equivalence (link and match), the structuring of study programs or skill programs (re-engineering) is an evolution of existing fields and skill programs in all vocational schools (public and private) to meet the geographic capacity and the requirements of the job market.

The outcomes of the re-engineering structuring would benefit: (1) vocational school, because the field of expertise program designed is in line with the needs of the future of employment; (2) prospective students and parents, so they can select a field of expertise program that facilitates integration in the future of employment; (3) business and industry, as it makes it easier to find employees who suit them. The structuring of the vocational education framework approach would eventually lead to the introduction of a CBT (Curriculum Based Training) that complies with the concepts of a competency-oriented curriculum that is now being developed into a unit level curriculum (KTSP). Competence-based education and training offer, ultimately, individual learning programs.

The introduction of vocational schools will, therefore, be successful and productive where: (1) provision of appropriate teaching materials/modules in terms of number, form, and quality; (2) provision of sufficient learning time in accordance with each student's learning pace and ability; (3) provision of learning facilities that allow classical learning in schools and industrial practices outside of school.


**Planar Stokes Flows with Free Boundary**

Sergey Chivilikhin1 and Alexey Amosov2

*1National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 2Corning Scientific Center, Corning Incorporated Russia*