**Author details**

**Method Efficacy Mechanism Effect on**

Testosterone Enanthate 70% Suppresses

**Method Efficacy Mechanism Effect on**

– Blocks Ca++ influx

into sperm and affects sperm membrane cholesterol, thereby compromising fertility

spermatogenesis by inhibiting testicular retinoic acid biosynthesis

motility by inhibiting cAMP production

testicular degeneration

Calcium Channel Blocker

308 Family Planning

Gamendazole 100%

Cited from: Blithe [30].

**Table 1.** Non-hormonal contraceptives.

after 4 weeks

WIN 18,446 100% Suppresses

BMS 189453 100% Causes marked

Gossypol 99.07% Decreases sperm

Testosterone undecanoate 95% Suppresses

Testosterone gel Suppresses

Testosterone + Progestogen Variable Suppresses

Cited from: Blithe [30].

**Table 2.** Hormonal contraceptives.

**libido**

gonadotropin production

**libido**

Affects sertoli cells No effect 57% after

Not mentioned

Gandarusa – – – – – Undergoing

gonadotropin production

gonadotropin production through increase of testicular testosterone

gonadotropin production

**Reversibility Side**

No effect 100% Reduced

No effect 100% Mood

– 100% –

**effects**

**Reversibility Side effects Additional**

effect upon consumption of alcohol

80% No side effects Research

– – – CCBs have

11 weeks

No effect 100% "Disulfiram"

No effect 100% No side effects

**information**

never been tested as contraceptives

in rats at doses 200 mg/kg

Nausea, vomiting, palpitation when drinking alcohol

No side effects Causes death

testicular volume and HDL level

swings

No effect 100% – Expensive

**Additional information**

conducted in Chinese men

clinical trials

Eka Rusdianto Gunardi1 and Yohanes Handoko2 \*

\*Address all correspondence to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
1 Division of Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia