Australia's two national-scale rural faculties were developed at slightly different times (Table 2). Moreover, they involve somewhat different training elements, but each target relevant education to working in rural contexts, across a wider practice scope (Table 1) [22–25]. Firstly, embedded within the existing standard general practice training and fellowship of the Royal Australian College of General Practice (FRACGP) is the FARGP, which is associated with education and support of advanced skills in areas like emergency, obstetrics, anesthetics, and basic surgery. Secondly is a standalone and independent rural faculty of the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine (ACRRM), which enables a fellowship (FACRRM) with a core mission of developing and supporting rural doctors through education mainly based in rural areas, and is associated with a wider range of emergency skills, additional advanced skills, and experience in smaller and isolated communities. Table 2 summarizes the reasoning for each faculty's emergence, both of which are equivalent for Australian Medical Council accreditation purposes. However, despite their potential value, evidence about rural faculties remains largely descriptive with limited evaluation of their workforce outcomes against mainstream approaches [7,26–28], including limited evidence from small scale rural residencies in other countries and other more localized postgraduate workforce interventions [29–31].

*IJERPH* **2020**, *17*, 4652


**6. Conclusions**

This chapter presented the critical role played by induction motors in short-term voltage stability phenomenon, and emphasizes the need for including proper dynamic models of motor loads in voltage stability related planning studies. The chapter also sheds light on the need of a coordinated framework for reactive power planning considering both static and dynamic reactive control devices, which mitigates both post-contingency steady state as well transient voltage recovery and motor stalling problems. The mixed integer optimization based VAR planning algorithm is formulated to satisfy the minimum post-contingency steady state voltage stability margin and post-fault transient voltage recovery performance criteria under many critical contingencies simultaneously. The developed method was illustrated in largescale system with 16173 buses representing US Eastern Interconnection, wherein induction motor dynamic characteristics modeling and bus voltage magnitude limit enforcement were incorporated within the overall analysis and planning respectively. The results verify that the method works satisfactorily to plan an optimal mix of static and dynamic VAR devices under

1 There may be cases, when the required SVC to mitigate slow voltage recovery problems might be less, and they may still not satisfy the post-contingency steady state voltage stability margin requirements. For such cases, the MIP may choose MSCs as an effective addition to the optimal solution.

many critical contingencies simultaneously and averts steady-state and dynamic voltage instability issues, including induction motor tripping.