*Article* **Biodiversity of Russian Local Sheep Breeds Based on Pattern of Runs of Homozygosity †**

**Tatiana Deniskova 1,\*, Arsen Dotsev 1, Marina Selionova 2, Gottfried Brem 1,3 and Natalia Zinovieva 1**

**Abstract:** Russian sheep breeds traditionally raised in specific environments are valuable parts of sociocultural heritage and economic component of the regions. However, the import of commercial breeds negatively influences the population sizes of local sheep populations and might lead to biodiversity loss. Estimation of the runs of homozygosity (ROH) in local sheep genomes is an informative tool to address their current genetic state. In this work, we aimed to address the ROH distribution and to estimate genome inbreeding based on SNP data to evaluate genetic diversity in Russian local sheep breeds. Materials for this study included SNP-genotypes from twenty-seven Russian local sheep breeds which were generated using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip (*n* = 391) or the Illumina Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip (*n* = 315). A consecutive runs method was used to calculate ROH which were estimated for each animal and then categorized in the ROH length classes. The ROH were found in all breeds. The mean ROH length varied from 86 to 280 Mb, while the ROH number ranged from 37 to 123. The genomic inbreeding coefficient varied from 0.033 to 0.106. Our findings provide evidence of low to moderate genomic inbreeding in major local sheep populations.

**Keywords:** sheep; single nucleotide polymorphisms; runs of homozygosity; genetic diversity; genomic inbreeding


**2. Case Study System**

## *2.1. System Parameters and Specifications*

The PV system being considered for PV string application which could comprise 5 ... 10 PV panels with total power up to 1800 W. The PV panel SPR-200-BLK from SunPower was selected for the case study [41]. The main system and PV panels parameters are provided in Table 2 and typical P-V and I-V dependencies are shown in Figure 1. The operating power profile of the design solution according to the case study PV string is also depicted in Figure 1. In the input voltage range from 200 V to 400 V, the converter was assumed to operate with the rated input current of 5 A.

Depending on the operating conditions and the type of panels, the power conversion efficiency can vary, but is aimed to be in the range from 92% to 96%. The converter was aimed to operate at the rated (nominal) power of 1800 W, with its maximum efficiency of 97.1% in the nominal mode, which corresponds to the input voltage of 360 V. In this operating point, the converter has its highest CEC efficiency, which is over 96% for both topologies (2L QZSI and 3L NPC QZSI).

**Table 2.** Photovoltaic (PV) panel and system parameters.

**Figure 1.** PV string characteristics and system power profile.


**Nanofiltration Membranes: Recent Advances and Environmental Applications**

Editor

**Mohammad Peydayesh**

MDPI ' Basel ' Beijing ' Wuhan ' Barcelona ' Belgrade ' Manchester ' Tokyo ' Cluj ' Tianjin

*Editor* Mohammad Peydayesh Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich ¨ Zurich ¨ Switzerland

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This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal *Membranes* (ISSN 2077-0375) (available at: www.mdpi.com/journal/membranes/special issues/ nanofiltration membranes).

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