**Abstract**

The production of rice is least in Pakistan and quite low as compared with other countries. Proper crop management techniques such as intercropping and combining organic manures are useful for better productivity and eco-friendly environment. Whereas studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency of intercrops and incorporation of certain nutrients with these plants. To examine results of intercropping experiment was carried out research by combining nutrient management practices. Five methods were taken including, sole rice, sole Green gram, rice + Green gram (drill), rice + green gram (Ridges), rice + green gram (bed) in the main plot moreover sub-plot included treatments of organic and inorganic supplement. The results show that sole rice followed by intercropping rice along green gram (poultry manure) has better characteristics of growth and yield, higher yield. by changing irrigation methods and farming methods, managing organic additives and fertilizer inputs, and choosing appropriate varieties and planting methods. CH4 decreased by 75% and N2O increased by 58%. The overall rice production of Rice + green gram(ridges) is 2285 kg ha−1 followed by rice + green gram(drill) (2060 kg ha−1). Rice + green gram(ridges) intercropping and (25 percent Urea+25 percent FYM+ 50 percent PM) were also correlated with better N usage performance and post-harvest soil usable N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) Benefit: cost (BC) ratios were also higher in the same treatment. From these results it is obvious that the integration of intercropping and induction of organic manures has a substantial impact on the outcome of rice.

**Keywords:** intercropping, F.M(farmyard manure), P.M(poultry manure), N:P: K, Rice, CH4

### **1. Introduction**

As the world population is increasing, the demand of the food supply is also increasing [1]. Estimating the future food demand, it can be considered that the food requirements will increase approximately 100 to 110% in regard to feed the world's growing inhabitants by 2050 [2]. Cereal crops have been utilized as a main component of the human diet for start of life in world. Rice (*Oryza sativa*) belongs to one of the major cereal crops. It is grown for >7000 years in all over the world [3]. The annual production recorded in 2014 > 740Mt. It is consumed as a staple food in many countries of the world [4]. Furthermore, Various components of rice crop such as rice husk, rice brans etc. are being used for the manufacturing of the different products such as rice bran is utilized to obtain the oil and rice husks are being used in manufacturing of different bakery products as a nutrition enhancing element. Rice is inimitable crop in term of its growth, it can be grown in various conditions either these are wet or dry, different kinds of soils, wide range of hydrological circumstances and different climatic conditions. But it is grown mostly in tropics, sub tropic, humid and sub humid areas. Irrigated rice gives average yield of 5 tons/ha globally, but this estimate varies widely in according to seasons, nations and regions. In tropic regions, well expert farmers can get the yield of 5 to 6 tons/ha and 7 to 8 tons/ha in wet and dry seasons accordingly. The decrease in the yield of rice in wet season may be due to the less quantity of solar radiations reaching to the earth [5].


**Author details**

Pablo Fierro1,2\*, Claudio Valdovinos1 , Luis Vargas‐Chacoff2,3, Carlos Bertrán2 and Ivan Arismendi4

\*Address all correspondence to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
1 Department of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Environmental Sciences Center EULA, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile

2 Institute of Marine Science and Limnology, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile

3 Fondap High Latitudes Research Center (IDEAL), Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile

4 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA