**5. Challenges and limitations**

#### **5.1 Life expectancy post-treatment**

The cost of cancer treatment is always reported to be costly, and it is observed that the majority of the families couldn't even afford the treatment [41]. Developed countries tend to even afford it to some extent, but developing countries struggle a lot. Poor countries cannot even think of fighting cancer [9]. The treatment is not even accessible to many people. Going into depth and breaking some of the myths, the cost-bearing factor is subdivided by the stage of a cancer diagnosis [39]. It is based on how severe the malignancy is and what stage it is in transition to [41].

A person who gets diagnosed at the very first or early stage can fully recover from it and the billing amount is very less but if the stage is the second, third, or fourth stage, the bill amount tends to increase [28]. The body of the patient is often not even capable of surviving the chemo and radiation it becomes hollow [39]. The body loses its virtues and qualities, and eventually, the fight to defeat cancer fails and a high number of deaths have been reported in recent years [43]. The company for cancer drugs has increased several folds and the point to highlight here is that the treatment is costly due to the commercialization and industrialization of the medications [41]. People tend to believe the brand names of medications as safest but in fact, both the substances are the same [45].

The life expectancy factor comes into play when the treatment is done, and the patient is free from any kind of medication related to cancer [28]. The condition of the patient improves to some extent in the first or second stage, but it hasn't proven to be very beneficial for other stages or severe cases like leukemia [9]. The therapy if includes microalgae will increase the cost as well. The ethical issues need to be kept in check [8]. The availability and incorporation into the therapy will require new technology as well as a new system to sustain its shelf life as well [9]. The only

way to have cheap treatment is to find out the fittest technology and techniques and fulfill the requirements as well as to have multiple units in countries so there is no stress for the production of medication [35]. Proper analysis and molecular studies need to be done for future updates [9].