4.1.4. Engaging Communities with Cultural Sensitivity and Humility

We met the relatives toward the end of the memorial service. They were ostensibly still in shock, and some were still in denial. We consoled them, and out of respect for some of the survivors who could not even walk without help from family members, we had to kneel down to be at their level. All of their names and mobile numbers were written down. Some took our private cell phone numbers, since they had misplaced theirs and it was impossible for us to contact them. As uncomfortable as it was to share private cell phone numbers, the nature and extent of the disaster made it impossible for us to be aloof. The situation was critical, and some people yearned for closure because their loved ones' whereabouts were still undetermined. One woman came up to us and begged us to assist in finding her son, who had been missing for nine days. She mentioned how she wanted to mourn the loss of her son, "like the others", and retrieving his remains was important to her.


**Receding Horizon Control of Cooling Systems for Large-Size Uninterruptible Power Supply Based on a Metal-Air Battery System**

**Bonhyun Gu 1, Heeyun Lee 1, Changbeom Kang 1, Donghwan Sung 1, Sanghoon Lee 1, Sunghyun Yun 2, Sung Kwan Park 3, Gu-Young Cho 4, Namwook Kim 5,\* and Suk Won Cha 1,\***

Received: 10 March 2020; Accepted: 29 March 2020; Published: 1 April 2020

**Abstract:** As application of electric energy have expanded, the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) concept has attracted considerable attention, and new UPS technologies have been developed. Despite the extensive research on the batteries for UPS, conventional batteries are still being used in large-scale UPS systems. However, lead-acid batteries, which are currently widely adopted in UPS, require frequent maintenance and are relatively expensive as compared with some other kinds of batteries, like metal-air batteries. In previous work, we designed a novel metal-air battery, with low cost and easy maintenance for large-scale UPS applications. An extensive analysis was performed to apply our metal-air battery to the hybrid UPS model. In this study, we focus on including an optimal control system for high battery performance. We developed an algorithm based on receding horizon control (RHC) for each fan of the cooling system. The algorithm reflects the operation properties of the metal-air battery so that it can supply power for a long time. We solved RHC by applying dynamic programming (DP) for a corresponding time. Different variables, such as current density, oxygen concentration, and temperature, were considered for the application of DP. Additionally, a 1.5-dimensional DP, which is used for solving the RHC, was developed using the state variables with high sensitivity and considering the battery characteristics. Because there is no other control variable during operation, only one control variable, the fan flow, was used, and the state variables were divided by section rather than a point. Thus, we not only developed a sub-optimal control strategy for the UPS but also found that fan control can improve the performance of metal-air batteries. The sub-optimal control strategy showed stable and 6–10% of improvement in UPS operating time based on the simulation.

**Keywords:** cooling system; dynamic programming; metal-air battery; receding horizon control; state variables; uninterruptible power supply


**Abstract**

This chapter focuses on adaptive reuse of heritage for affordable housing in Canadian cities. The issue is critical in the context of efforts to create socially inclusive and affordable cities through integrated urban planning, heritage conservation and housing policies. The research has three main components. First, it provides a framework for future urban regeneration emphasising the environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainability. Second, it reviews the synergies between adaptive reuse and affordable housing provision and provides a compelling rationale for their integration. Finally, it outlines three main approaches to adaptive reuse—typological, technical and strategic—arguing for implementation through 'policy-planning-partnership' nexus. Using illustrations from successful affordable housing projects through adaptive reuse, the research demonstrates the importance of urban regeneration where strategic investment in diverse, socially cohesive affordable housing sustains the vibrancy and vitality of inner-city neighbourhoods.

**Keywords:** adaptive reuse, heritage conservation, sustainable urban regeneration, affordable housing, Canadian cities