*4.1. Descriptive Analysis*

Majority of data collected were from males. Out of 209 responses, 128 were males, while the remaining 81 were females. Similarly, the majority of respondents were of the age group between 30–39 and were from lower- to middle-level management categories; 14% were holding undergraduate degrees, 67% had master's degrees, and the remaining 18% had higher-level degrees.

## *4.2. Common Method Variance*

Self-reported data raise the issue of the potential effect of common method variance (CMV) [76]. Prior to hypothesis testing, CMV was tested using Harman's one-factor test by loading all items into a single factor. The results revealed that 33% of the variance is explained by the single factor that is below the recommended threshold value of 50%. The result revealed that the data are free from CMV.


*2.9.3 Biology*

*Agrotis ipsilon* completes its life cycle in 50–77 days at 22'C-25'C temperature and 69–77% relative humidity [82]. Adult female moths lay 145–200 eggs. Egg laying goes on peak 5–6 days after mating [82]. They are 0.5 mm long and 0.45 mm high, semi-circular and have erect and parallel patterned terns. Recently laid eggs have milky color which turns grayish black at the time of hatching [83]. There are six instars of larvae of *A. ipsilon* [82]. Larvae color is grayish-black while ventral and sub-ventral abdominal sides are lighter in color.

#### *Insect Pest Complex of Wheat Crop DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95786*

Third to sixth instar larvae are 7 mm, 10-20 mm, 20–30 and 37–47 mm long [35, 36, 83]. Larvae of *A. ipsilon* can be distinguished from others with having these diagnostic characters; Stigerous D2 tubercle large, dorsal anterior tubercle almost one third as long as posterior tubercle, pigmented black spiracles with convex granules [35, 36]. Papae are brownish in color which turns blackish at the time of adult emergence and measures 17–25 mm. Fifth and sixth abdominal tergites have distinct punctures on pleural sides; hook-like spines are present at the apex of the sixth abdominal segment [83]. Adults of the black cutworm are 16–23 mm long, spreaded wingspan measures 35–54-mm [35, 36]. There are three sections in the forewing internal transverse line, external transverse line and some distinct spots: clavate spot, reniform spot, ring spot and sword spot. Hindwings are grayish in color and do not have any markings. Males have feathers type antennae while females have filiform [35, 36].