**4. Site for a Layered Liturgy**

Above, we described three different models of the Christian funeral. For the adaptive reuse of St. Odulphus, it was primarily the second model that inspired us, containing two stations: the chapel on the graveyard grounds and the grave itself. This is a model without funeral Eucharist, which in Belgium is not desired by the majority of people and even not standard practice anymore according to recent local church policy (Goyvaerts 2020). This model combined with the liturgical directions, symbols and possibilities for a funeral rite in the presence of the cremated body can suitably be applied to the St. Odulphus site in Booienhoven. In adapting the neoclassical church building and involving its surroundings, we believe some of the symbols and rituals inherent to the Christian funeral can obtain a topological quality in harmony with and extending to some of the contemporary ideas and evolutions with regard to funeral services. The adaptive reuse of the church building has the potential to reinforce its spiritual identity through the reinterpretation of different traditional practices used in the funeral rite. We strive for an open and layered quality of the liturgy, inviting rather than alienating

*Reuse and Heritage* at the Faculty of Architecture and Arts, University of Hasselt (BE) between 2016 and 2020. One of the authors of this paper, Nikolaas Van de Keere is part of UR architects and the research group Trace and was responsible for the project (Tv Trace et al. 2017).

relatives and visitors in the event of a funeral. Below, we present topological research translating the layered liturgy in the spatial design on three different levels.


**4.3 Electrical performance**

402 Microelectromechanical Systems and Devices

Rather, the increment decreased along the increasing pixel size. A special saturation behavior of the Newton's ring's size appeared in Figure 32(a). This means that the increased pixel size will only make the display aperture looks larger instead of reduce the Newton's ring. This conclusion strongly supports the necessity of a revolutionary structure change. With different spacer coverage designs – 100% (no air channel), 90%, 80%, and 60% – the experimental data showed great amount of improvement. The width of Newton's ring reduced with all the

Figure 33 is the picture which explains why saturation took place even with air channel design and why larger air channel did not yield in smaller Newton's ring: When the air channel is spacious enough, high applied voltage will let the lower layer attract the upper layer in the air channel area. Since the upper layer was put on the spacer and both sides (pixel area and air channel area) were competing each other, a see-saw performance showed – The more the air channel area in contact, the less the pixel area in contact. Thus a proper instead of a wide air channel is preferred. In this experiment a 90% coverage showed the smallest Newton's ring. This behavior was also obvious during simulation in Figure 20 and Figure 21: The display area tended to expand to the central part of air channel when the channel was wide enough but the display area tended to expand to the four corners when the channel with the same coverage was divided into two parts and were put aside. A combination of the experimental and simulation data suggested narrow and separate air channels are better. However, consider the resolution of printing process and the function of spacer layer for lamination, a single and large air channel was decided for the final

Fig. 33. Contact areas protruded into spacer areas when design was not optimized.

Fig. 32. Different spacer coverage alleviated the operation voltage.

coverage designs in Figure 32(b).

structure.


*Edited by Pavel Samec*

Human activities cause the degradation of innumerable ecosystems, including forests. The degradation of forests leads to far-reaching nutrient cycle changes throughout all environments. Reversible or irreversible degradation processes cause declines in an ecosystem's ability to self-regulate. Reversible processes decrease native forest biodiversity while preserving the ecosystem's abiotic components, whereas irreversible processes alter the character of the potential natural vegetation. This book discusses forest degradation in three sections on general, climatic, and land-use degradative effects.

> *Usha Iyer-Raniga, Sustainable Development Series Editor*

Published in London, UK © 2023 IntechOpen © Andre2013 / iStock

Forest Degradation Under Global Change

IntechOpen Series

Sustainable Development, Volume 3

Forest Degradation

Under Global Change

*Edited by Pavel Samec*