**Preface to "Epistemic Issues in Non-classical Religious Belief"**

This Special Issue contains papers focusing on religious beliefs that differ from the classical belief in God, i.e., belief in a perfect being who created the universe. The authors featured in this Special Issue approach this topic from different angles, including religious studies, epistemology, and comparative philosophy.

The publications included within this Special Issue address belief in spirits, neo-pagan religiosity, Hindu beliefs, Chinese beliefs, Afro-Brazilian beliefs, and animistic beliefs. Special emphasis is placed on non-Western traditions or traditions that are underrepresented in the contemporary philosophy of religion.

The book will appeal to scholars whose research interests include the philosophy of religion, comparative philosophy, and religious studies.

> **Hans Van Eyghen** *Editor*


Acknowledgments

This work was administratively supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China (Grant Number. 2022NTSS52) and Beijing Normal University's First-class Discipline Cultivation Project for Educational Science (Grant Numbers: YLXKPY-XSDW202211, YLXKPY-ZYSB202201).

Section 1


*2.1. Raw Wastewater*

CW parameters used in the experiments are shown in Table 1. Low values of parameters indicating the content of organic compounds (total organic carbon, TOC and chemical oxygen demand, COD), and the almost complete absence of suspended solids (TSS) and nitrogen compounds (total Kjeldahl nitrogen, TNK), indicated the effective operation of the preliminary treatment (C/DAF) at the production plant. The very high value of the electrolytic conductivity indicated significant wastewater salinity that cannot be derived from only aluminum coagulants used in wastewater treatment in the factory or reagents for pH correction. Despite the high five day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) value and theoretically high potential susceptibility to biological treatment (described as BOD5/COD ratio, 0.382), even a small amount of raw cosmetic wastewater has a negative effect on biological wastewater treatment plants, hence the need for further treatment.

**Table 1.** Cosmetic wastewater parameters.