**7. Conclusions**

Considerable advances have been made in antibody therapeutics for severe asthma over the last decade. Increasing numbers of biological therapies will be introduced to clinical settings. Therefore, it will be of great importance for clinicians to consider the target and mechanism of action of each therapeutic antibody when selecting an appropriate treatment option for individual patients with severe asthma. The current selection and treatment strategies of antibody therapeutics are primarily based on Th2 type disease and eosinophilic inflammation. Further studies are necessary to compare the effects of each antibody type and clarify their effects against airway remodeling and hypersensitivity, and to guide decision making regarding appropriate antibody therapeutics by establishing a real phenotype classification that will predict the response of patients to antibody treatments. Importantly, a better understanding of non-Th2 type immunological mechanisms is urgently required to help develop treatment strategies using antibodies against non-Th2 type signaling cascades.

**Funding:** This work was supported in part by Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development: JP20fk0108129; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development: JP21lm0203007; GlaxoSmithKline (United States): A-32; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: JP21K16118; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: JP21K08194, the Japan Intractable Diseases (Nanbyo) Research Foundation: 2020B02, and Smoking Research Foundation: 2021Y007 Takeda Science Foundation.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The experimental protocol for data involving human participants followed the Ethical Guidelines of the Japan Ministries of Health and Labour for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects. All experiments were conducted in accordance with the principles laid out in the Declaration of Helsinki.

**Informed Consent Statement:** The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Hospital Organization, Osaka Toneyama Medical Centre (TNH-P-2021007). The IRB committee waived the requirement for informed consent for a retrospective review of participant data. The opt-out recruitment method was applied to provide an opportunity to decline participation for all patients. Members of the IRB committee were as follows; Tsuyoshi Matsumura, Toshihiko Yamaguchi, Noriyuki Takeuchi, Yukiyasu Takeuchi, Taku Shiomi, Makiko Sawamoto, Hiroyuki Ueno, Akihiro Takechi, Teruaki Masumoto, Motomu Shimoda, Hironori Tsukada, and Minako Nakano.

**Data Availability Statement:** The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article. The data sets generated and analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank E. Akiba for assistance with data collection and helpful discussions. We also thank J. Ludovic Croxford, from Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/ac) (accessed on 7 September 2021) for editing a draft of this manuscript.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

#### **Abbreviations**


**4. Conclusion**

From our research experience in informal territories, we propose a housing program for the Chilean government system that collects differentiated residential demands and allows vulnerable population to leave housing informality. In its range of areas, mobile housing recognizes the factors that drive the creation of informal territories, including the restrictive prices to access the private housing market, the difficulties faced by the state in producing social housing, in addition to the diversity of households that cannot afford none of the above options. From the geographical

conditions where massive informal territories are settled, mobile housing seeks for inhabitants to live in safe conditions against disaster risks, even temporarily. This implies rethinking how the risk of disaster is reduced in homes located under certain climatic, edaphic, and arboreal conditions. It is crucial to propose how to build houses resistant to intense rains and humidity conditions, and to water scarcity and intense solar exposure. With this, mobile housing requires generating soil mechanics in seismic risk areas, while in areas with tsunami risk, establish the obligation to build highrise homes where the habitable sections begin on the second floors. As noted above, about the risk of mudflow, mobile housing proposes the construction of furrows that surround the houses and water sinks, in addition to afforestation to stabilize the soil on slopes. Therefore, mobile housing and its proposals seek to configure a housing typology that can be replicated in any territory where institutions are expected to reduce disaster risk. Consequently, mobile housing also requires the Chilean state to stop actions that perpetuate the exposure to risks of vulnerable families, who after experiencing disasters are moved to new homes exposed to other hazards1 .

To conclude, in addition to being a housing program, mobile housing is also a theoretical-methodological concept that conceives housing as an object and subject, but which is inserted in territories with particular conditions. This multi-scale perspective highlights that inhabiting a space is not limited to housing as a productive and reproductive place, but also involves its surroundings. That explains the multiple proposals presented, which, above all, would favor living under the basic conditions of comfort that adequate housing requires. With this, we consider the future potential of mobile housing to reduce the housing deficit in all its stages, for example, allowing the state to effectively have land reserves, proposing resilient and adaptable housing models, in addition to the existence of risk mitigation subsidies that improve constructions without discriminating informal settlements or slums. Finally, mobile housing is an initial and exploratory exercise that also challenges the development of housing policies from an interdisciplinary perspective with the purpose of finding integral solutions.


**5. Conclusions**

This study analyses the experimental data of τ-δ and σ-δ constitutive relationships of Nmcs, and examines its characteristics under various conditions. Two mathematical models, i.e., REP (reinforced exponential and power function) and CEL (coupled exponential and linear) models, are proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional models in the modeling of hardening, modified falling, S-type falling, and strong softening stress–strain behaviors. Some key findings are summarized as below:

The applicability of the proposed method of this study in practice mainly include two parts. As introduced in the study, the seashore soft soil discussed herein was collected from coastal areas in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China. Thus, for the regions with similar seashore soft soil, e.g., the Yangtze river delta region of China, the reported methods in this study could be used directly. On the other hand, for regions with di fferent seashore soft soil (i.e., the soil specific gravity, LL, PL vary a lot), the proposed expressions are still applicable if the specific soil stress–strain behavior was exhibited, e.g., strong softening behavior. However, it should be noted that, for the latter scenario, the corresponding calculation parameters should be re-calibrated through laboratory tests.

**Author Contributions:** Investigation, C.Z.; writing-original draft, Y.F.; writing-review and editing, W.W.; validation, N.L. and A.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 41772311 and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number LY17E080016.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.