**3. Primary process selections for WAAM**

Primary WAAM process selections are very much essential for confirming the rightness of the fabricated structures and this indeed requires characterization of the deposited material. Many of the mechanical, thermal, and metallurgical

properties may differ in the end components because it is fabricated by using any of the welding processes. This fundamental classification may include the bases such as substrate material, electrode wire, welding processes, welding process variables, shielding gases, and automation systems for the motion [5]. Therefore, primary WAAM process selection includes the following essentials,