**Author details**

Mariame Coulibaly Ecole Normale Superieure d'Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

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**6.2 Determinants of fraud demand**

**Figure 4.** *Rent of fraud: chart of norms, control and punishment of fraud, price, and quantity. Source: self-made.*

#### **Figure 5.**

*Higher fraud, growing well, and constant demand. Source: self-made.*

#### **6.3 Determinants of the fraud offer**

The offer of fraud is given, for an income, advantage of doing or not doing, and the concealment of information that the offeror obtains.