**5. Conclusions**

Liver growth factor is an albumin–bilirubin complex that exhibits remarkable neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities in several models of neurodegenerative diseases. In the experimental model of AD used in this study (APPswe mouse), chronic LGF treatment reduced Aβ and phospho-Tau protein levels which are the main neuropathological features associated to the disease. LGF also reduced microglia and astroglia cell reactivity and modulated the expression of ASC CD36 and Nrf2 which are proteins involved in the regulation of inflammatory and oxidative processes. Because these beneficial effects correlated with an improvement in the cognitive deficits observed in the APPswe mice, we may consider LGF as a potential new therapeutic factor for AD.


**Author details**

L. Huitema and T. Monediere

University of Limoges, Xlim Laboratory, France

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**Chapter 2**

**Antennas for Body Centric Wireless Communications at**

Over the past few years, wearable antennas for body centric wireless communication systems have been increasingly gaining attention. Body area networks (BANs) are wireless communi‐ cation systems that enable communications between wearable and/or implanted electronic

Such systems are of great interest for various applications such as healthcare, entertainment, military, identification systems, sport, smart home, and space [1, 2]. Indeed, portable devices, incorporating antennas close to the human body, have been used for many decades by the military. Nowadays, in order to increase overall effectiveness of soldiers on the battlefield, works are undertaken to integrate wireless systems to all equipment, such as weapons, sighting systems, helmet, and so on. Besides, wearable or implanted sensors increase the ability of doctors to monitor their patients at long distance and in real time. This monitoring capability

Recently, studies carried out at millimeter waves have grown rapidly. This is due to the fact that many advantages can be found in operating such systems at millimeter waves compared to microwaves. First, because of the large available spectrum (7 GHz worldwide), very high data rates can be reached (up to 5 Gb/s) [3]. Second, it provides a high level of security and low interference with adjacent networks [4]. Finally, compared to on-body devices operating

Hence, the use of millimeter wave systems for BANs will have a high impact, in particular in the defense sector (Fig. 1), where communications emanating from a dismounted soldier leads to detection, location and vulnerability to enemy attack. The high atmospheric attenuation in

> © 2014 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

at microwaves, the size of similar millimeter-wave systems is significantly reduced.

is also used in sport applications and in rescue worker interventions.

**Millimeter Wave Frequencies**

Nacer Chahat, Maxim Zhadobov and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Ronan Sauleau

**1. Introduction**

devices.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58816