*3.5. X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis of Compounds* **3** *and* **6**

All crystallographic data were collected on an Agilent Xcalibur Eos Gemini CCD plate diffractometer, using graphite monochromatized Cu/Kα radiation (λ= 1.54178 Å) [25]. The data were corrected for absorption by using the program SADABS [26]. The structures were solved by direct methods with the SHELXTL software package [27]. All nonhydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. The H atoms were located by geometrical calculations, and their positions and thermal parameters were fixed during the structure refinement. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques [28].

*Crystal data for compound* **3***:* C12H22O4, F.W. = 230.30, Orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), unit cell dimensions *a* = 5.4655(4) Å, *b* = 5.5812(6) Å, *c* = 41.275(3) Å, *V* = 1259.06(19) Å3, α =β =γ = 90◦, *Z* = 4, *d*calcd = 1.215 mg/m3, crystal dimensions 0.40 × 0.28 × 0.10 mm3, μ = 0.734 mm–1, *F*(000) = 504. The 2385 measurements yielded 1827 independent reflections after equivalent data were averaged, and Lorentz and polarization corrections were applied. The final refinement gave *R*1 = 0.0487 and w*R*2 = 0.0970 (*I* > 2σ(*I*)). The Flack parameter was 0.0 (5) in the final refinement for all 1827 reflections with 147 Friedel pairs.

*Crystal data for compound* **6***:* C12H20O4, F.W. = 228.13, Orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), unit cell dimensions *a* = 5.5217(5) Å, *b* = 7.6778(7) Å, *c* = 28.947(2) Å, *V* = 1227.17(19) Å3, α =β =γ = 90◦, *Z* = 6, *d*calcd = 1.236 mg/m3, crystal dimensions 0.35 × 0.24 × 0.16 mm3, μ = 0.752 mm–1, *F*(000) = 496. The 5282 measurements yielded 2081 independent reflections after equivalent data were averaged, and Lorentz and polarization corrections were applied. The final refinement gave *R*1 = 0.0727 and w*R*2 = 0.1620 (*I* > 2σ(*I*)). The Flack parameter was 0.5 (7) in the final refinement for all 2081 reflections with 150 Friedel pairs.

#### *3.6. Acetylation of Compounds* **3** *and* **4**

To 5 μmol samples of compound **3** or **4** in glass-stoppered flask were added 400 μL dichloromethane, then excess amount of triethylamine was added. Drip 20 μmol of acetylchloride slowly into the flask in ice bath and keeping the reaction for 12 h. Then stop the reaction by adding 20 μL of water into the flask. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC analysis. The resulting reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2 × 400 μL), dried with Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the product.

#### *3.7. Antimicrobial Assay*

Antimicrobial evaluation against two human pathogens (*Escherichia coli* EMBLC-1, *Staphylococcus aureus* EMBLC-2) and ten aquatic pathogens (*Aeromonas hydrophilia* QDIO-1, *Edwardsiella ictarda* QDIO-9, *E. tarda* QDIO-2, *Micrococcus luteus* QDIO-3, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* QDIO-4, *Vibrio alginolyticus* QDIO-5, *V*. *anguillarum* QDIO-6, *V*. *harveyi* QDIO-7, *V*. *parahaemolyticus* QDIO-8, and *V*. *vulnificus* QDIO-10), as well as 15 plant-pathogenic fungi (*Alternaria solani* QDAU-1, *Bipolaris sorokiniana* QDAU-5, *Ceratobasidium cornigerum* QDAU-6, *Colletotrichum glecosporioides* QDAU-2, *Coniothyrium diplodiella* QDAU-7, *Fusarium graminearum* QDAU-4, *F. oxysporum* f. sp. *cucumerinum* QDAU-8, *F*. *oxysporum* f. sp. *momodicae* QDAU-9, *F*. *oxysporum* f. sp. *radicis lycopersici* QDAU-10, *F*. *solani* QDAU-11, *Glomerella cingulate* QDAU-12, *Helminthosporium maydis* QDAU-15, *Penicillium digitatum* QDAU-14, *Physalospora piricola* Nose QDAU-15, and *Valsa mali* QDAU-16), was carried out by the 96-well microtiter plates assay [29]. The pathogens were obtained from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chloramphenicol and amphotericin were used as positive controls for bacteria and fungi, respectively. All of the tested compounds and controls were dissolved in DMSO.


*Conference Report* **Critical Behavior of (2 + 1)-Dimensional QED: 1/***N* **Expansion**

**Anatoly V. Kotikov 1,\* and Sofian Teber 2**

Received: 28 January 2020; Accepted: 26 March 2020; Published: 10 April 2020

**Abstract:** We present recent results on dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in (2 + 1)-dimensional QED with *N* four-component fermions. The results of the 1/*N* expansion in the leading and next-to-leading orders were found exactly in an arbitrary nonlocal gauge.

**Keywords:** (2 + 1)-dimensional QED; dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; 1/*N* expansion; non-local gauge


**Acknowledgements**

**6. Conclusions**

186 Plant Ecology - Traditional Approaches to Recent Trends

aspects and on studies of the flora and vegetation.

A18. Gonave Island. A19 Tortuga Island.

proposed designation as being of special interest for conservation.

Hispaniola has recently been elevated by us to the rank of biogeographical province [2, 22, 24], having previously been treated with the rank of biogeographical sector [4] and included in the province of the Antilles. In previous studies, we raised it to the rank of superprovince of the Central‐Eastern Antilles and included Hispaniola in it, which along with a group of small neigh‐ bouring islands—Beata, Saona, Gonave and Tortuga—constitute the province of Hispaniola. In the current study, we propose a biogeographical typology with the rank of district for both coun‐ tries (Dominican Republic and Republic of Haiti) in the biogeographical province of Hispaniola, in which we establish five biogeographical territories (sectors) and 19 areas (districts), in the Caribbean‐Mesoamerican region. This proposal is based on geological, climatic and bioclimatic

The high number of genera and endemic species in areas A12, A13 and A16 justifies their

Superprovince of the Central‐Eastern Antilles. Province of Hispaniola. 1. **Central subprovince**. 1.1. Central BT. BA‐A16. Central‐Eastern. 2. **Caribbean‐Atlantic subprovince**. 2.1. Bahoruco‐ Hottense BT. BA‐A12. Bahoruco‐La Selle. BA‐A13. Hottense. 2.2. Neiba‐Matheux‐North‐east‐ ern BT. BA‐A14. Neiba‐Matheux. BA‐A15. North‐western. BA‐A17. Central‐Western. BA‐A19. Tortuga Island. 2.3. BT Azua‐ San Juán‐Hoya Enriquillo‐Port au Prince‐Artiobonite‐Gonaivës. BA‐A9. Azua‐Sán Juán‐Hoya Herniquillo. BA‐A10. Central Plain. BA‐A11. Port au Prince‐ Arbiobonite‐Gonaives. BA‐A18. Gonave Island. 2.4. Caribbean‐Cibense BT. BA‐A3. Cibao Valley. BA‐A7. Eastern Caribbean. BA‐A8. Yamasense. 2.5. Northern BT. BA‐A1. Northern Cordillera. BA‐A2. Coastal Atlantic. BA‐A4. Samanense. BA‐A5. Eastern. BA‐A6.Haitiense **Figure 12**.

**Figure 12.** Map of biogeographical areas (districts) of Hispaniola. A1. Northern Cordillera. A2. Coastal‐Atlantic District. A3. Cibao Valley. A4. Samanense. A5. Eastern. A6. Haitiense. A7. Eastern‐Caribbean. A8. Yamasense. A9. Azua‐Sán Juan‐ Lago Herniquillo. A10. Central Plain (Haiti). A11. Port au Prince‐Ariobonite‐Gonaivës. A12. Bahoruco‐La Selle. A13. Hottense. A14. Neiba‐Matheux. A15. Northwest Haiti. A16. Central‐Eastern. A17. Central‐western (Massif du Nord). Our most sincere thanks go to the architect Francisco Javier Quiros Higueras for designing the profiles and maps.