  We introduce a novel view to understand how dropout works as an inexplicit
ensemble learning method, which doesn't point out how many and which nodes to
learn a certain feature. We propose a new training method named internal node
bagging, it explicitly forces a group of nodes to learn a certain feature in
training time, and combine those nodes to be one node in inference time. It
means we can use much more parameters to improve model's fitting ability in
training time while keeping model small in inference time. We test our method
on several benchmark datasets and find it performs significantly better than
dropout on small models.


  Recently the OPE coefficients of the 3D Ising model universality class have
been calculated by studying the two-point functions perturbed from the critical
point with a relevant field. We show that this method can be applied also when
the perturbation is performed with a relevant field coupled to a non uniform
potential acting as a trap. This setting is described by the trap size scaling
ansatz, that can be combined with the general framework of the conformal
perturbation in order to write down the correlators $<\sigma (\mathbf
{r})\sigma(0)>$, $<\sigma (\mathbf{r})\epsilon(0)>$ and $<\epsilon (\mathbf
{r})\epsilon(0)>$, from which the OPE coefficients can be estimated. We find
$C^{\sigma}_{\sigma\epsilon}= 1.051(3)$ , in agreement with the results already
known in the literature, and $C^{\epsilon}_{\epsilon\epsilon}= 1.32 (15)$ ,
confirming and improving the previous estimate obtained in the uniform
perturbation case.


  Observations of dense molecular gas lie at the basis of our understanding of
the density and temperature structure of protostellar envelopes and molecular
outflows. We aim to characterize the properties of the protostellar envelope,
molecular outflow and surrounding cloud, through observations of high
excitation molecular lines within a sample of 16 southern sources presumed to
be embedded YSOs. Observations of submillimeter lines of CO, HCO+ and their
isotopologues, both single spectra and small maps were taken with the FLASH and
APEX-2a instruments mounted on APEX to trace the gas around the sources. The
HARP-B instrument on the JCMT was used to map IRAS 15398-3359 in these lines.
HCO+ mapping probes the presence of dense centrally condensed gas, a
characteristic of protostellar envelopes. The rare isotopologues C18O and
H13CO+ are also included to determine the optical depth, column density, and
source velocity. The combination of multiple CO transitions, such as 3-2, 4-3
and 7-6, allows to constrain outflow properties, in particular the temperature.
Archival submillimeter continuum data are used to determine envelope masses.
Eleven of the sixteen sources have associated warm and/or dense quiescent as
characteristic of protostellar envelopes, or an associated outflow. Using the
strength and degree of concentration of the HCO+ 4-3 and CO 4-3 lines as a
diagnostic, five sources classified as Class I based on their spectral energy
distributions are found not to be embedded YSOs. The C18O 3-2 lines show that
for none of the sources, foreground cloud layers are present. Strong molecular
outflows are found around six sources, .. (continued in paper)


  The spin current relaxation time [tau] in thermally evaporated pentacene
films was evaluated with the spin-pump-induced spin transport properties and
the charge current transport properties in pentacene films. Under an assumption
of a diffusive transport of the spin current in pentacene films, the zero-field
mobility and the diffusion constant of holes in pentacene films were
experimentally obtained to be ~8.0x10^-7 m^2/Vs and ~2.0x10^-8 m^2/s,
respectively. Using those values and the previously obtained spin diffusion
length in pentacene films of 42{plus-minus}10 nm, the [tau] in pentacene films
was estimated to be 150{plus-minus}120 ns at room temperature. This estimated
[tau] in pentacene films is long enough for practical use as a spintronic
material.


  The fragmentation of a two-dimensional circular disc by lateral impact is
investigated using a cell model of brittle solid. The disc is composed of
numerous unbreakable randomly shaped convex polygons connected together by
simple elastic beams that break when bent or stretched beyond a certain limit.
We found that the fragment mass distribution follows a power law with an
exponent close to 2 independent of the system size. We also observed two types
of crack patterns: radial cracks starting from the impact point and cracks
perpendicular to the radial ones. Simulations revealed that there exists a
critical projectile energy, above which the target breaks into numerous smaller
pieces, and below which it suffers only damage in the form of cracks. Our
theoretical results are in a reasonable agreement with recent experimental
findings on the fragmentation of discs.


  Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum, such as Laguerre-Gaussian
beams, give rise to the violation of the standard dipolar selection rules
during the interaction with matter yielding, in general, an exchange of angular
momentum larger than hbar per absorbed photon. By means of ab initio 3D
numerical simulations, we investigate in detail the interaction of a hydrogen
atom with intense Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian light pulses. We analyze the
dependence of the angular momentum exchange with the polarization, the orbital
angular momentum, and the carrier-envelope phase of light, as well as with the
relative position between the atom and the light vortex. In addition, a
quantum-trajectory approach based on the de Broglie-Bohm formulation of quantum
mechanics is used to gain physical insight into the absorption of angular
momentum by the hydrogen atom.


  For a canonical formulation of quantum gravity, the superspace of all
possible 3-geometries on a Cauchy hypersurface of a 3+1-dimensional Lorentzian
manifold plays a key role. While in the analogous 2+1-dimensional case the
superspace of all Riemannian 2-geometries is well known, the structure of the
superspace of all Riemannian 3-geometries has not yet been resolved at present.
  In this paper, an important subspace of the latter is disentangled: The
superspace of local homogenous Riemannian 3-geometries. It is finite
dimensional and can be factored by conformal scale dilations, with the flat
space as the center of projection. The corresponding moduli space can be
represented by homothetically normalized 3-geometries.
  By construction, this moduli space of the local homogenous 3-geometries is an
algebraic variety. An explicit parametrization is given by characteristic
scalar invariants of the Riemannian 3-geometry.
  Although the moduli space is not locally Euclidean, it is a Hausdorff space.
Nevertheless, its topology is compatible with the non-Hausdorffian topology of
the space of all Bianchi-Lie algebras, which characterize the moduli modulo
differences in their anisotropy.


  We consider nonlinear event systems with quantized state information and
design a globally stabilizing controller from which only the minimal required
number of control value changes along the feedback trajectory to a given
initial condition is transmitted to the plant. In addition, we present a
non-optimal heuristic approach which might reduce the number of control value
changes and requires a lower computational effort. The constructions are
illustrated by two numerical examples.


  We update predictions for lepton fluxes from the hadroproduction of charm
quarks in the scattering of primary cosmic rays with the Earth's atmosphere.
The calculation of charm-pair hadroproduction applies the latest results from
perturbative QCD through next-to-next-to-leading order and modern parton
distributions, together with estimates on various sources of uncertainties. Our
predictions for the lepton fluxes turn out to be compatible, within the
uncertainty band, with recent results in the literature. However, by taking
into account contributions neglected in previous works, our total uncertainties
are much larger. The predictions are crucial for the interpretation of results
from neutrino experiments like IceCube, when disentangling signals of neutrinos
of astrophysical origin from the atmospheric background.


  An oriented 3-graph consists of a family of triples (3-sets), each of which
is given one of its two possible cyclic orientations. A cycle in an oriented
3-graph is a positive sum of some of the triples that gives weight zero to each
2-set.
  Our aim in this paper is to consider the following question: how large can
the girth of an oriented 3-graph (on $n$ vertices) be? We show that there exist
oriented 3-graphs whose shortest cycle has length $\frac{n^2}{2}(1+o(1))$: this
is asymptotically best possible. We also show that there exist 3-tournaments
whose shortest cycle has length $\frac{n^2}{3}(1+o(1))$, in complete contrast
to the case of 2-tournaments.


  We prove higher order concentration bounds for functions on Stiefel and
Grassmann manifolds equipped with the uniform distribution. This partially
extends previous work for functions on the unit sphere. Technically, our
results are based on logarithmic Sobolev techniques for the uniform measures on
the manifolds. Applications include Hanson--Wright type inequalities for
Stiefel manifolds and concentration bounds for certain distance functions
between subspaces of $\mathbb{R}^n$.


  By means of a Fourier-Mukai transform we embed moduli spaces of stable
bundles on an algebraic curve C as isotropic subvarieties of moduli spaces of
mu-stable bundles on the Jacobian variety J(C). When g(C)=2 this provides new
examples of special Lagrangian submanifolds.


  We present a shock capturing method for large-eddy simulation of turbulent
flows. The proposed method relies on physical mechanisms to resolve and smooth
sharp unresolved flow features that may otherwise lead to numerical
instability, such as shock waves and under-resolved thermal and shear layers.
To that end, we devise various sensors to detect when and where the shear
viscosity, bulk viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluid do not suffice
to stabilize the numerical solution. In such cases, the fluid viscosities are
selectively increased to ensure the cell Peclet number is of order one so that
these flow features can be well represented with the grid resolution. Although
the shock capturing method is devised in the context of discontinuous Galerkin
methods, it can be used with other discretization schemes. The performance of
the method is illustrated through numerical simulation of external and internal
flows in transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic regimes. For the problems
considered, the shock capturing method performs robustly, provides sharp shock
profiles, and has a small impact on the resolved turbulent structures. These
three features are critical to enable robust and accurate large-eddy
simulations of shock flows.


  We study FRW cosmology for a non-linear modified F(R) Horava-Lifshitz gravity
which has a viable convenient counterpart. A unified description of early-time
inflation and late-time acceleration is possible in this theory, but the
cosmological dynamic details are generically different from the ones of the
convenient viable F(R) model. Remarkably, for some specific choice of
parameters they do coincide. The emergence of finite-time future singularities
is investigated in detail. It is shown that these singularities can be cured by
adding an extra, higher-derivative term, which turns out to be qualitatively
different when compared with the corresponding one of the convenient F(R)
theory.


  Using the PTB Ion Counter nanodosimeter at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy
Center (HIT), the track structure (TS) of therapeutic carbon ions (C12) after
penetrating a layer of simulated tissue was investigated for the first time.
Experiments performed at different positions of the pristine C12 Bragg peak
were reported in the first part of the paper. In this part, simulations with
Geant4 are reported, for investigating the composition of the radiation field
in the nanodosimeter and provide input data for TS simulations using the PTra
code. The focus is on comparing these simulations with a second set of
experiments aimed at assessing the impact of different secondary particle
backgrounds on measurements at the same C12 energy in the detector. The Geant4
simulations show that the mean energy of C12 in the nanodosimeter was between
120 MeV and 320 MeV lower than the value of 1 GeV predicted by SRIM. While
these findings align with the observed change in the mean measured ionization
cluster size ($M_1$) for C12 traversing the nanodosimeter, TS simulations yield
much lower values for the expected $M_1$ under these conditions. The TS
simulations further indicate that the observed enhanced $M_1$ for C12 passing
the target at a nonzero impact parameter is largely due to secondary
heavy-charged particles. A smaller contribution to this background comes from
C12 missing the nanodosimeter's trigger detector in the experiments. The
results of the Geant4 simulations show that only about a third of the C12
traversing the nanodosimeter hit the trigger detector. The background owing to
hidden coincidences between C12 registered in the trigger detector and those
missing it or secondary heavy-charged particles from different events only
explains the enhanced $M_1$ in the penumbra of the ion tracks but not the
difference observed when C12 traverse the target volume.


  State-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proven to be
vulnerable to adversarial manipulation and backdoor attacks. Backdoored models
deviate from expected behavior on inputs with predefined triggers while
retaining performance on clean data. Recent works focus on software simulation
of backdoor injection during the inference phase by modifying network weights,
which we find often unrealistic in practice due to restrictions in hardware.
  In contrast, in this work for the first time, we present an end-to-end
backdoor injection attack realized on actual hardware on a classifier model
using Rowhammer as the fault injection method. To this end, we first
investigate the viability of backdoor injection attacks in real-life
deployments of DNNs on hardware and address such practical issues in hardware
implementation from a novel optimization perspective. We are motivated by the
fact that vulnerable memory locations are very rare, device-specific, and
sparsely distributed. Consequently, we propose a novel network training
algorithm based on constrained optimization to achieve a realistic backdoor
injection attack in hardware. By modifying parameters uniformly across the
convolutional and fully-connected layers as well as optimizing the trigger
pattern together, we achieve state-of-the-art attack performance with fewer bit
flips. For instance, our method on a hardware-deployed ResNet-20 model trained
on CIFAR-10 achieves over 89% test accuracy and 92% attack success rate by
flipping only 10 out of 2.2 million bits.


  We build a resonant fiber optic gyro based on Kagome hollow-core fiber. A
semi-bulk cavity architecture based on a 18-m-long Kagome fiber permits to
achieve a cavity finesse of 23 with a resonance linewidth of 700 kHz. An
optimized Pound-Drever-Hall servo-locking scheme is used to probe the cavity in
reflection. Closed-loop operation of the gyroscope permits to reach an angular
random walk as small as 0.004$^\circ/\sqrt{\mathrm{h}}$ and a bias stability of
0.45$^\circ$/h over 0.5 s of integration time.


  An approximate sparse recovery system in $\ell_1$ norm consists of parameters
$k$, $\epsilon$, $N$, an $m$-by-$N$ measurement $\Phi$, and a recovery
algorithm, $\mathcal{R}$. Given a vector, $\mathbf{x}$, the system approximates
$x$ by $\widehat{\mathbf{x}} = \mathcal{R}(\Phi\mathbf{x})$, which must satisfy
$\|\widehat{\mathbf{x}}-\mathbf{x}\|_1 \leq
(1+\epsilon)\|\mathbf{x}-\mathbf{x}_k\|_1$. We consider the 'for all' model, in
which a single matrix $\Phi$, possibly 'constructed' non-explicitly using the
probabilistic method, is used for all signals $\mathbf{x}$. The best existing
sublinear algorithm by Porat and Strauss (SODA'12) uses $O(\epsilon^{-3}
k\log(N/k))$ measurements and runs in time $O(k^{1-\alpha}N^\alpha)$ for any
constant $\alpha > 0$.
  In this paper, we improve the number of measurements to $O(\epsilon^{-2} k
\log(N/k))$, matching the best existing upper bound (attained by super-linear
algorithms), and the runtime to $O(k^{1+\beta}\textrm{poly}(\log
N,1/\epsilon))$, with a modest restriction that $\epsilon \leq (\log k/\log
N)^{\gamma}$, for any constants $\beta,\gamma > 0$. When $k\leq \log^c N$ for
some $c>0$, the runtime is reduced to $O(k\textrm{poly}(N,1/\epsilon))$. With
no restrictions on $\epsilon$, we have an approximation recovery system with $m
= O(k/\epsilon \log(N/k)((\log N/\log k)^\gamma + 1/\epsilon))$ measurements.


  Surface electromyogram (EMG) can be employed as an interface signal for
various devices and software via pattern recognition. In EMG-based pattern
recognition, the classifier should not only be accurate, but also output an
appropriate confidence (i.e., probability of correctness) for its prediction.
If the confidence accurately reflects the likelihood of true correctness, then
it will be useful in various application tasks, such as motion rejection and
online adaptation. The aim of this paper is to identify the types of
classifiers that provide higher accuracy and better confidence in EMG pattern
recognition. We evaluate the performance of various discriminative and
generative classifiers on four EMG datasets, both visually and quantitatively.
The analysis results show that while a discriminative classifier based on a
deep neural network exhibits high accuracy, it outputs a confidence that
differs from true probabilities. By contrast, a scale mixture model-based
classifier, which is a generative classifier that can account for uncertainty
in EMG variance, exhibits superior performance in terms of both accuracy and
confidence.


  We show the existence of a critical endpoint in the phase diagram of
unzipping of an adsorbed double-stranded (ds) polymer like DNA. The competition
of base pairing, adsorption and stretching by an external force leads to the
critical end point. From exact results, the location of the critical end point
is determined and its classical nature established.


  Let $S(t) = \tfrac{1}{\pi} \arg \zeta (\frac12 + it)$ be the argument of the
Riemann zeta-function at the point $\tfrac12 + it$. For $n \geq 1$ and $t>0$
define its iterates \begin{equation*} S_n(t) = \int_0^t S_{n-1}(\tau) \,{\rm
d}\tau\, + \delta_n\,, \end{equation*} where $\delta_n$ is a specific constant
depending on $n$ and $S_0(t) := S(t)$. In 1924, J. E. Littlewood proved, under
the Riemann hypothesis (RH), that $S_n(t) = O(\log t/ (\log \log t)^{n+1})$.
The order of magnitude of this estimate was never improved up to this date. The
best bounds for $S(t)$ and $S_1(t)$ are currently due to Carneiro, Chandee and
Milinovich. In this paper we establish, under RH, an explicit form of this
estimate \begin{equation*} -\left( C^-_n + o(1)\right) \frac{\log t}{(\log \log
t)^{n+1}} \ \leq \ S_n(t) \ \leq \ \left( C^+_n + o(1)\right) \frac{\log
t}{(\log \log t)^{n+1}}\,, \end{equation*} for all $n\geq 2$, with the
constants $C_n^{\pm}$ decaying exponentially fast as $n \to \infty$. This
improves (for all $n \geq 2$) a result of Wakasa, who had previously obtained
such bounds with constants tending to a stationary value when $n \to \infty$.
Our method uses special extremal functions of exponential type derived from the
Gaussian subordination framework of Carneiro, Littmann and Vaaler for the cases
when $n$ is odd, and an optimized interpolation argument for the cases when $n$
is even. In the final section we extend these results to a general class of
$L$-functions.


  In this article we give an order-dividing bijective function between cyclic
and non cyclic groups of finite order. In particular, we prove that there
exists a bijective function from D_{2n} to Z_{2n} for any natural integer n;
and from Z_p x Z_k to Z_{pk} when p is an odd prime and k is not a multiple of
p.


  Star formation rate (SFR) distributions of galaxies are often assumed to be
bimodal with modes corresponding to star-forming and quiescent galaxies,
respectively. Both classes of galaxies are typically studied separately and SFR
distributions of star-forming galaxies are commonly modelled as lognormals.
Using both observational data and results from numerical simulations, I argue
that this division into star-forming and quiescent galaxies is unnecessary from
a theoretical point of view and that the SFR distributions of the whole
population can be well fit by zero-inflated negative binomial distributions.
This family of distributions has 3 parameters that determine the average SFR of
the galaxies in the sample, the scatter relative to the star-forming sequence,
and the fraction of galaxies with zero SFRs, respectively. The proposed
distributions naturally account for (i) the discrete nature of star formation,
(ii) the presence of 'dead' galaxies with zero SFRs, and (iii) asymmetric
scatter. Excluding 'dead' galaxies, the distribution of log SFR is unimodal
with a peak at the star forming sequence and an extended tail towards low SFRs.
However, uncertainties and biases in the SFR measurements can create the
appearance of a bimodal distribution.


  By sampling from the latent space of an autoencoder and decoding the latent
space samples to the original data space, any autoencoder can simply be turned
into a generative model. For this to work, it is necessary to model the
autoencoder's latent space with a distribution from which samples can be
obtained. Several simple possibilities (kernel density estimates, Gaussian
distribution) and more sophisticated ones (Gaussian mixture models, copula
models, normalization flows) can be thought of and have been tried recently.
This study aims to discuss, assess, and compare various techniques that can be
used to capture the latent space so that an autoencoder can become a generative
model while striving for simplicity. Among them, a new copula-based method, the
Empirical Beta Copula Autoencoder, is considered. Furthermore, we provide
insights into further aspects of these methods, such as targeted sampling or
synthesizing new data with specific features.


  Some results obtained with the new Monte Carlo event generator Herwig++ are
presented. In its first version (1.0), Herwig++ is capable of simulating e+e-
Annihilation events. We discuss its relevance for future e+e- colliders and
show results on the multiplicity of minijets.


  We analyze the decays to muons of a light dilaton produced via vector boson
fusion at the LHC. We investigate models in which the electroweak symmetry
breaking is triggered by a spontaneously broken, approximately conformal
sector. Taking into account the possibility of shifts in the dilaton Yukawa
couplings to muons, we find a rather promising scenario for the conformal model
search in the channel, with the possibility for a dilaton discovery at a
delivered luminosity of 100 fb-1 at the LHC or, alternatively, for an extension
of the exclusion zone in the model parameter space, until now fixed by the
Tevatron.


  The electron-glass dynamics of Anderson-localized GeSbTe films is
dramatically slowed-down following a brief infrared illumination that increases
the system carrier-concentration (and thus its conductance). These results
demonstrate that the dynamics exhibited by electron-glasses is more sensitive
to carrier-concentration than to disorder. In turn, this seems to imply that
many-body effects such as the Orthogonality Catastrophe must play a role in the
sluggish dynamics observed in the intrinsic electron-glasses.


  Let $s$ be a source point and $t$ be a destination point inside an $n$-vertex
simple polygon $P$. Euclidean shortest paths and minimum-link paths between $s$
and $t$ inside $P$ have been well studied. Both these kinds of paths are simple
and piecewise-convex. However, computing optimal paths in the context of
diffuse or specular reflections does not seem to be an easy task. A path from a
light source $s$ to $t$ inside $P$ is called a diffuse reflection path if the
turning points of the path lie in the interiors of the boundary edges of $P$. A
diffuse reflection path is said to be optimal if it has the minimum number of
turning points amongst all diffuse reflection paths between $s$ and $t$. The
minimum diffuse reflection path may not be simple. The problem of computing the
minimum diffuse reflection path in low degree polynomial time has remained
open.
  In our quest for understanding the geometric structure of the minimum diffuse
reflection paths vis-a-vis shortest paths and minimum link paths, we define a
new kind of diffuse reflection path called a constrained diffuse reflection
path where (i) the path is simple, (ii) it intersects only the eaves of the
Euclidean shortest path between $s$ and $t$, and (iii) it intersects each eave
exactly once. For computing a minimum constrained diffuse reflection path from
$s$ to $t$, we present an $O(n(n+\beta))$ time algorithm, where $\beta =\Theta
(n^2)$ in the worst case. Here, $\beta$ depends on the shape of the polygon. We
also establish some properties relating minimum constrained diffuse reflection
paths and minimum diffuse reflection paths. Constrained diffuse reflection
paths introduced in this paper provide new geometric insights into the hitherto
unknown structures and shapes of optimal reflection paths.


  More remarks and questions on transseries. In particular we deal with the
system of ratio sets and grids used in the grid-based formulation of
transseries. This involves a "witness" concept that keeps track of the ratios
required for each computation. There are, at this stage, questions and missing
proofs in the development.


  Comparing representations of complex stimuli in neural network layers to
human brain representations or behavioral judgments can guide model
development. However, even qualitatively distinct neural network models often
predict similar representational geometries of typical stimulus sets. We
propose a Bayesian experimental design approach to synthesizing stimulus sets
for adjudicating among representational models efficiently. We apply our method
to discriminate among candidate neural network models of behavioral face
dissimilarity judgments. Our results indicate that a neural network trained to
invert a 3D-face-model graphics renderer is more human-aligned than the same
architecture trained on identification, classification, or autoencoding. Our
proposed stimulus synthesis objective is generally applicable to designing
experiments to be analyzed by representational similarity analysis for model
comparison.


  I show that factorization for hard processes in QCD is also valid when the
detected particles are polarized, and that the proof of the theorem determines
the operator form for the parton densities. Particular attention is given to
the case of transversely polarized incoming hadrons.


  We compute the effects of anomalous gauge-boson couplings at high-energy
hadron colliders using next-to-leading order $SU(2) \times SU(2)$ chiral
perturbation theory. By comparing the yields from the universal $p^2$ terms
with those arising from new physics at order $p^4$, we estimate the sensitivity
of the SSC and LHC to the indirect effects of electroweak symmetry breaking.


  The one-dimensional motion of $N$ particles in the field of many incoherent
waves is revisited numerically. When the wave complex amplitudes are
independent, with a gaussian distribution, the quasilinear approximation is
found to always overestimate transport and to become accurate in the limit of
infinite resonance overlap.


  We extend the convergence method introduced in our works [8]-[10] for almost
sure global well-posedness of Gibbs measure evolutions of the nonlinear
Schr\"odinger (NLS) and nonlinear wave (NLW) equations on the unit ball in R^d
to the case of the three dimensional NLS. This is the first probabilistic
global well-posedness result for NLS with supercritical data on the unit ball
in R^3.
  The initial data is taken as a Gaussian random process lying in the support
of the Gibbs measure associated to the equation, and results are obtained
almost surely with respect to this probability measure. The key tools used
include a class of probabilistic a priori bounds for finite-dimensional
projections of the equation and a delicate trilinear estimate on the
nonlinearity, which - when combined with the invariance of the Gibbs measure -
enables the a priori bounds to be enhanced to obtain convergence of the
sequence of approximate solutions.


  Despite recent progress in semantic image synthesis, complete control over
image style remains a challenging problem. Existing methods require reference
images to feed style information into semantic layouts, which indicates that
the style is constrained by the given image. In this paper, we propose a model
named RUCGAN for user controllable semantic image synthesis, which utilizes a
singular color to represent the style of a specific semantic region. The
proposed network achieves reference-free semantic image synthesis by injecting
color as user-desired styles into each semantic layout, and is able to
synthesize semantic images with unusual colors. Extensive experimental results
on various challenging datasets show that the proposed method outperforms
existing methods, and we further provide an interactive UI to demonstrate the
advantage of our approach for style controllability.


  Imitation learning has achieved great success in many sequential
decision-making tasks, in which a neural agent is learned by imitating
collected human demonstrations. However, existing algorithms typically require
a large number of high-quality demonstrations that are difficult and expensive
to collect. Usually, a trade-off needs to be made between demonstration quality
and quantity in practice. Targeting this problem, in this work we consider the
imitation of sub-optimal demonstrations, with both a small clean demonstration
set and a large noisy set. Some pioneering works have been proposed, but they
suffer from many limitations, e.g., assuming a demonstration to be of the same
optimality throughout time steps and failing to provide any interpretation
w.r.t knowledge learned from the noisy set. Addressing these problems, we
propose {\method} by evaluating and imitating at the sub-demonstration level,
encoding action primitives of varying quality into different skills.
Concretely, {\method} consists of a high-level controller to discover skills
and a skill-conditioned module to capture action-taking policies, and is
trained following a two-phase pipeline by first discovering skills with all
demonstrations and then adapting the controller to only the clean set. A
mutual-information-based regularization and a dynamic sub-demonstration
optimality estimator are designed to promote disentanglement in the skill
space. Extensive experiments are conducted over two gym environments and a
real-world healthcare dataset to demonstrate the superiority of {\method} in
learning from sub-optimal demonstrations and its improved interpretability by
examining learned skills.


  We have used a tight-binding model that is fit to first-principles
electronic-structure calculations for titanium to calculate quasi-harmonic
phonons and the Gibbs free energy of the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and omega
crystal structures. We show that the true zero-temperature ground-state is the
omega structure, although this has never been observed experimentally at normal
pressure, and that it is the entropy from the thermal population of phonon
states which stabilizes the hcp structure at room temperature. We present the
first completely theoretical prediction of the temperature- and
pressure-dependence of the hcp-omega phase transformation and show that it is
in good agreement with experiment. The quasi-harmonic approximation fails to
adequately treat the bcc phase because the zero-temperature phonons of this
structure are not all stable.


  Results from the Spherical Nonmagnetic Detector (SND) on $\Delta (1232)$
isobar electroproduction in the collisions of beam electrons (positrons) and
residual gas nuclei in the VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider are presented. On the
basis of the obtained data the expected counting rate of this process in future
high luminosity $e^+e^-$ colliders (~$\phi$-, $c$-$\tau$- and $b$-factories)
was estimated.


  This paper aims to question the suitability of the Turing Test, for testing
machine intelligence, in the light of advances made in the last 60 years in
science, medicine, and philosophy of mind. While the main concept of the test
may seem sound and valid, a detailed analysis of what is required to pass the
test highlights a significant flow. Once the analysis of the test is presented,
a systematic approach is followed in analysing what is needed to devise a test
or tests for intelligent machines. The paper presents a plausible generic
framework based on categories of factors implied by subjective perception of
intelligence. An evaluative discussion concludes the paper highlighting some of
the unaddressed issues within this generic framework.


  The mission of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt is to explore the
QCD phase diagram at high net baryon densities likely to exist in the core of
neutron stars. The CBM detector system is designed to perform
multi-differential measurements of hadrons and leptons in central gold-gold
collisions at beam energies between 2 and 11 A GeV with unprecedented precision
and statistics. In order to reduce the systematic errors of the lepton
measurements, which generally suffer from a large combinatorial background,
both electrons and muons will be measured with the same acceptance. Up to now,
no di-muon measurements have been performed in heavy-ion collisions at beam
energies below 158A GeV. The main device for electron identification, a Ring
Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector, can be replaced by a setup comprising hadron
absorbers and tracking detectors for muon measurements. In order to obtain a
complete picture of the reaction, it is important to measure simultaneously
leptons and hadrons. This requirement is fulfilled for the RICH, which has a
low material budget, and only little affects the trajectories of hadrons on
their way to the Time-of-Flight (TOF) detector. In contrast, the simultaneous
measurement of muons and hadrons within the same experimental acceptance poses
a substantial challenge. This article reviews the simulated performance of the
CBM experiment for muon identification, together with the possibility of
simultaneous hadron measurements.


  The resulting stationary states and scattering properties of an effective
potential brought about by embedding a quantum well in another well are
investigated in this work. The composite well system is constructed via a
superposition of modified Poeschl - Teller potential wells. The energy spectrum
in each composite well is obtained using the shooting method and the transport
of a particle above this system is analyzed using the transfer matrix method.
It is shown that decreasing the size of the embedded middle well lowers the
ground state energy of the well-in-a-well system. Moreover, the bound states
increase in number and become more evenly spaced. In addition, the transmission
probability of a free particle incident above a composite well is lowest for
the system with a large embedded well as compared to well-in-a-well systems of
the same depth. Small variations in designed potential wells yield different
quantum mechanical features.


  Open clusters and young stellar associations are attractive sites to search
for planets and to test theories of planet formation, migration, and evolution.
We present our search for, and characterization of, transiting planets in the
~800 Myr old Praesepe (Beehive, M44) Cluster from K2 light curves. We identify
seven planet candidates, six of which we statistically validate to be real
planets, the last of which requires more data. For each host star we obtain
high-resolution NIR spectra to measure its projected rotational broadening and
radial velocity, the latter of which we use to confirm cluster membership. We
combine low-resolution spectra with the known cluster distance and metallicity
to provide precise temperatures, masses, radii, and luminosities for the host
stars. Combining our measurements of rotational broadening, rotation periods,
and our derived stellar radii, we show that all planetary orbits are consistent
with alignment to their host star's rotation. We fit the K2 light curves,
including priors on stellar density to put constraints on the planetary
eccentricities, all of which are consistent with zero. The difference between
the number of planets found in Praesepe and Hyades (8 planets) and a similar
dataset for Pleiades (0 planets, ~125 Myr) suggests a trend with age, but may
be due to incompleteness of current search pipelines for younger,
faster-rotating stars. We see increasing evidence that some planets continue to
lose atmosphere past 800 Myr, as now two planets at this age have radii
significantly larger than their older counterparts from Kepler.


  We study decentralized asynchronous multiagent optimization over networks,
modeled as static (possibly directed) graphs. The optimization problem consists
of minimizing a (possibly nonconvex) smooth function--the sum of the agents'
local costs--plus a convex (possibly nonsmooth) regularizer, subject to convex
constraints. Agents can perform their local computations as well as communicate
with their immediate neighbors at any time, without any form of coordination or
centralized scheduling; furthermore, when solving their local subproblems, they
can use outdated information from their neighbors. We propose the first
distributed asynchronous algorithm, termed ASY-DSCA, that converges at an
R-linear rate to the optimal solution of convex problems whose objective
function satisfies a general error bound condition; this condition is weaker
than the more frequently used strong convexity, and it is satisfied by several
empirical risk functions that are not strongly convex; examples include LASSO
and logistic regression problems. When the objective function is nonconvex,
ASY-DSCA converges to a stationary solution of the problem at a sublinear rate.


  Land cover information is indispensable for advancing the United Nations'
sustainable development goals, and land cover mapping under a more detailed
category system would significantly contribute to economic livelihood tracking
and environmental degradation measurement. However, the substantial difficulty
in acquiring fine-grained training data makes the implementation of this task
particularly challenging. Here, we propose to combine fully labeled source
domain and weakly labeled target domain for weakly supervised domain adaptation
(WSDA). This is beneficial as the utilization of sparse and coarse weak labels
can considerably alleviate the labor required for precise and detailed land
cover annotation. Specifically, we introduce the Prototype-based pseudo-label
Rectification and Expansion (PRE) approach, which leverages the prototypes
(i.e., the class-wise feature centroids) as the bridge to connect sparse labels
and global feature distributions. According to the feature distances to the
prototypes, the confidence of pseudo-labels predicted in the unlabeled regions
of the target domain is assessed. This confidence is then utilized to guide the
dynamic expansion and rectification of pseudo-labels. Based on PRE, we carry
out high categorical resolution land cover mapping for 10 cities in different
regions around the world, severally using PlanetScope, Gaofen-1, and Sentinel-2
satellite images. In the study areas, we achieve cross-sensor, cross-category,
and cross-continent WSDA, with the overall accuracy exceeding 80%. The
promising results indicate that PRE is capable of reducing the dependency of
land cover classification on high-quality annotations, thereby improving label
efficiency. We expect our work to enable global fine-grained land cover
mapping, which in turn promote Earth observation to provide more precise and
thorough information for environmental monitoring.


  We study anti-holomorphic semi-invariant submersions from K\"{a}hlerian
manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We prove that all distributions which are
involved in the definition of the submersion are integrable. We also prove that
the O'Neill's tensor $\mathcal{T}$ vanishes on the invariant vertical
distribution. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for totally
geodesicness and harmonicity of this type submersions. Moreover, we investigate
the several curvatures of the total manifold and fibers and give a
characterization theorem.


  A simultaneously transmitting and reflecting surface (STARS) enabled edge
caching system is proposed for reducing backhaul traffic and ensuring the
quality of service. A novel Caching-at-STARS structure, where a dedicated smart
controller and cache memory are installed at the STARS, is proposed to satisfy
user demands with fewer hops and desired channel conditions. Then, a joint
caching replacement and information-centric hybrid beamforming optimization
problem is formulated for minimizing the network power consumption. As
long-term decision processes, the optimization problems based on independent
and coupled phase-shift models of Caching-at-STARS contain both continuous and
discrete decision variables, and are suitable for solving with deep
reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm. For the independent phase-shift
Caching-at-STARS model, we develop a frequency-aware based twin delayed deep
deterministic policy gradient (FA-TD3) algorithm that leverages user historical
request information to serialize high-dimensional caching replacement decision
variables. For the coupled phase-shift Caching-at-STARS model, we conceive a
cooperative TD3 \& deep-Q network (TD3-DQN) algorithm comprised of FA-TD3 and
DQN agents to decide on continuous and discrete variables respectively by
observing the network external and internal environment. The numerical results
demonstrate that: 1) The Caching-at-STARS-enabled edge caching system has
advantages over traditional edge caching, especially in scenarios where Zipf
skewness factors or cache capacity is large; 2) Caching-at-STARS outperforms
the RIS-assisted edge caching systems; 3) The proposed FA-TD3 and cooperative
TD3-DQN algorithms are superior in reducing network power consumption than
conventional TD3.


  We investigate the energy evolution of the azimuthal spin asymmetries in
semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) and
Drell-Yan lepton pair production in pp collisions. The scale dependence is
evaluated by applying an approximate solution to the Collins-Soper-Sterman
(CSS) evolution equation at one-loop order which is adequate for moderate Q^2
variations. This describes well the unpolarized cross sections for SIDIS and
Drell-Yan process in the $Q^2$ range of 2.4-100GeV^2. A combined analysis of
the Sivers asymmetries in SIDIS from HERMES and COMPASS experiments, and the
predictions for the Drell-Yan process at RHIC at \sqrt{S}=200GeV are presented.
We further extend to the Collins asymmetries and find, for the first time, a
consistent description for HERMES/COMPASS and BELLE experiments with the
evolution effects. We emphasize an important test of the evolution effects by
studying di-hadron azimuthal asymmetry in e^+e^- annihilation at moderate
energy range, such as at BEPC at \sqrt{S}=4.6GeV.


  The open-source Python package Gammapy, developed for the high-level analysis
of gamma-ray data, requires gamma-like event lists combined with the
corresponding instrument response functions. For a morphological analysis,
these data have to include a background acceptance model. Here we report an
approach to generate such a model for the MAGIC telescope data, accounting for
the azimuth and zenith dependencies of the MAGIC background acceptance. We
validate this method using observations of the Crab Nebula with different
offsets from the pointing position.


  In recent years, the mobile devices are equipped with several wireless
interfaces in heterogeneous environments which integrate a multitude of radio
access technologies (RAT's). The evolution of these technologies will allow the
users to benefit simultaneously from these RAT's. However, the most important
issue is how to choose the most suitable access network for mobile's user which
can be used as long as possible for communication. To achieve this issue, this
paper proposes a new approach for network selection decision based on Saaty's
Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the Technique for Order
Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The FAHP method is used
to determine a weight for each criterion, and the TOPSIS method is applied to
rank the alternatives. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the
effectiveness of our new approach for network selection.


  After a short historical introduction to the field of gamma-ray line
astronomy with radioactivities, I present an overview of recent results
concerning the massive star yields of those radioactivities. I comment on the
implications of those results (concerning long-lived radioactivities, like
Al-26 and Fe-60) for gamma-ray line astronomy, in the light of past (COMPTEL
and GRIS) and forthcoming (INTEGRAL) observations


  Let M be a graded Lie algebra, together with graded Lie subalgebras L and A
such that as a graded space M is the direct sum of L and A, and A is abelian.
Let D be a degree one derivation of M squaring to zero and sending L into
itself, then Voronov's construction of higher derived brackets associates to D
a L-infinity structure on A[-1]. It is known, and it follows from the results
of this paper, that the resulting L-infinity algebra is a weak model for the
homotopy fiber of the inclusion of differential graded Lie algebras i : (L,D,[,
]) -> (M,D,[, ]). We prove this fact using homotopical transfer of L-infinity
structures, in this way we also extend Voronov's construction when the
assumption A abelian is dropped: the resulting formulas involve Bernoulli
numbers. In the last section we consider some example and some further
application.


  Hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces may have density at most continuum
(Plichko-Yost, Argyros-Tolias). In this paper we show that this cannot be
proved for indecomposable Banach spaces. We provide the first example of an
indecomposable Banach space of density two to continuum. The space exists
consistently, is of the form C(K) and it has few operators in the sense that
any bounded linear operator T on C(K) satisfies T(f)=gf+S(f) for every f in
C(K), where g is in C(K) and S is weakly compact (strictly singular).


  We introduce a real-space version of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer
interaction allowing the investigation of the non-trivial interplay between
many-body physics and particles confinement on a quantum graph. When the
two-body problem is considered, we find that the two-particle wavefunction is
solution of an integro-differential Schr\"{o}dinger equation. The solution of
the two-body eigenproblem shows the presence of a two-particle bound state
whose stability is enhanced in quantum graphs with peculiar network topology.
We demonstrate that the enhancement effect is robust against many-body effects,
which can be studied by means of the Richardson exact solution of the many-body
problem. These findings suggest that the effective pairing interaction can be
enhanced in quantum graphs with peculiar connectivity. Experimental evidences
in Josephson junctions arrays are also discussed in connection with the
microscopic mechanism described in the present work.


  We present a general Fourier analytic technique for constructing orthonormal
basis expansions of translation-invariant kernels from orthonormal bases of
$\mathscr{L}_2(\mathbb{R})$. This allows us to derive explicit expansions on
the real line for (i) Mat\'ern kernels of all half-integer orders in terms of
associated Laguerre functions, (ii) the Cauchy kernel in terms of rational
functions, and (iii) the Gaussian kernel in terms of Hermite functions.


  Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) are mainly protons confined in the galactic
magnetic field to form an isotropic flux inside the galaxy. Before reaching the
Earth orbit they enter the Heliosphere and undergo diffusion, convection,
magnetic drift and adiabatic energy loss. The result is a reduction of
particles flux at low energy (below 10 GeV), called solar modulation. We
realized a quasi time-dependent 2D Stochastic Simulation of Solar Modulation
that is able to reproduce CR spectra once known the Local Interstellar Spectrum
(LIS). We were able to estimate the different behaviors associated to the
polarity dependence of the Heliospheric modulation for particles as well as for
antiparticles. We show a good agreement with the antiproton/proton ratio
measured by AMS-01, Pamela, BESS, Heat and Caprice and we performed a
prediction for the AMS-02 Experiment.


  In this correspondence, we propose a tight lower bound to the outage
probability of discrete-input Nakagami-m block-fading channels. The approach
permits an efficient method for numerical evaluation of the bound, providing an
additional tool for system design. The optimal rate-diversity trade-off for the
Nakagami-m block-fading channel is also derived and a tight upper bound is
obtained for the optimal coding gain constant.


  In this paper, we investigate a formula to solve systems of the form (B +
{\sigma}I)x = y, where B is a limited-memory BFGS quasi-Newton matrix and
{\sigma} is a positive constant. These types of systems arise naturally in
large-scale optimization such as trust-region methods as well as
doubly-augmented Lagrangian methods. We show that provided a simple condition
holds on B_0 and \sigma, the system (B + \sigma I)x = y can be solved via a
recursion formula that requies only vector inner products. This formula has
complexity M^2n, where M is the number of L-BFGS updates and n >> M is the
dimension of x.


  We consider a periodic waveguide array whose unit cell consists of a
$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quadrimer with two competing loss/gain parameter pairs
which lead to qualitatively different symmetry-broken phases. It is shown that
the transitions between the phases are described by a symmetry-adapted nonlocal
current which maps the spectral properties to the spatially resolved field, for
the lattice as well as for the isolated quadrimer. Its site-average acts like a
natural order parameter for the general class of one-dimensional
$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Hamiltonians, vanishing in the unbroken phase and
being nonzero in the broken phase. We investigate how the beam dynamics in the
array is affected by the presence of competing loss/gain rates in the unit
cell, showing that the enriched band structure yields the possibility to
control the propagation length before divergence when the system resides in the
broken $\mathcal{PT}$ phase.


  Internet social networks have become a ubiquitous application allowing people
to easily share text, pictures, and audio and video files. Popular networks
include WhatsApp, Facebook, Reddit and LinkedIn. We present an extensive study
of the usage of the WhatsApp social network, an Internet messaging application
that is quickly replacing SMS messaging. In order to better understand people's
use of the network, we provide an analysis of over 6 million messages from over
100 users, with the objective of building demographic prediction models using
activity data. We performed extensive statistical and numerical analysis of the
data and found significant differences in WhatsApp usage across people of
different genders and ages. We also inputted the data into the Weka data mining
package and studied models created from decision tree and Bayesian network
algorithms. We found that different genders and age demographics had
significantly different usage habits in almost all message and group
attributes. We also noted differences in users' group behavior and created
prediction models, including the likelihood a given group would have relatively
more file attachments, if a group would contain a larger number of
participants, a higher frequency of activity, quicker response times and
shorter messages. We were successful in quantifying and predicting a user's
gender and age demographic. Similarly, we were able to predict different types
of group usage. All models were built without analyzing message content. We
present a detailed discussion about the specific attributes that were contained
in all predictive models and suggest possible applications based on these
results.


  The subject under study is an open subsystem of a larger linear and
conservative system and the way in which it is coupled to the rest of system.
Examples are a model of crystalline solid as a lattice of coupled oscillators
with a finite piece constituting the subsystem, and an open system such as the
Helmholtz resonator as a subsystem of a larger conservative oscillatory system.
Taking the view of an observer accessing only the open subsystem we ask, in
particular, what information about the entire system can be reconstructed
having such limited access. Based on the unique minimal conservative extension
of an open subsystem, we construct a canonical decomposition of the
conservative system describing, in particular, its parts coupled to and
completely decoupled from the open subsystem. The coupled one together with the
open system constitute the unique minimal conservative extension. Combining
this with an analysis of the spectral multiplicity, we show, for the lattice
model in particular, that only a very small part of all possible oscillatory
motion of the entire crystal, described canonically by the minimal extension,
is coupled to the finite subsystem.


  We propose a hierarchical log Gaussian Cox process (LGCP) for point patterns,
where a set of points x affects another set of points y but not vice versa. We
use the model to investigate the effect of large trees to the locations of
seedlings. In the model, every point in x has a parametric influence kernel or
signal, which together form an influence field. Conditionally on the
parameters, the influence field acts as a spatial covariate in the intensity of
the model, and the intensity itself is a non-linear function of the parameters.
Points outside the observation window may affect the influence field inside the
window. We propose an edge correction to account for this missing data. The
parameters of the model are estimated in a Bayesian framework using Markov
chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) where a Laplace approximation is used for the Gaussian
field of the LGCP model. The proposed model is used to analyze the effect of
large trees on the success of regeneration in uneven-aged forest stands in
Finland.


  We show that the lowest part of the eigenvalue density of the staggered
fermion operator in lattice QCD_3 at small lattice coupling constant beta has
exactly the same shape as in QCD_4. This observation is quite surprising, since
universal properties of the QCD_3 Dirac operator are expected to be described
by a non-chiral matrix model. We show that this effect is related to the
specific nature of the staggered fermion discretization and that the eigenvalue
density evolves towards the non-chiral random matrix prediction when beta is
increased and the continuum limit is approached. We propose a two-matrix model
with one free parameter which interpolates between the two limits and very well
mimics the pattern of evolution with beta of the eigenvalue density of the
staggered fermion operator in QCD_3.


  Life experience, identity, the relationship between ourselves and the world
around us among others, all affect and shape how we, as scientists, construct
knowledge. Neurodiversity, the diversity of minds, is an interesting concept
when keeping this in mind. Being neurodivergent, or neuroqueer (the viewing of
being neurodivergent as a queer thing, along with the intersection of
neurodiversity and queerness), means having non-neurotypical ways of perceiving
and interacting with the world, and especially of creating knowledge about the
rules and regulations, both natural and societal, that govern it locally and
broadly. Neuroqueer physicists, therefore, have unique non-normative ways of
doing physics, the study of the rules (which is done societally) which govern
the natural world. It is imperative that, when teaching neurodivergent
students, we encourage and support this non-normative way of thinking about
physics, and help them do physics in ways that they will be successful, and
support the development of Neuroqueer (Scientific) Literacies, from Kleekamp's
and Smilges's works on literacy. We here present a brief overview of Neuroqueer
Literacies and how to apply them in the physics classroom.


  Higher-rank graph generalisations of the Popescu-Poisson transform are
constructed, allowing us to develop a dilation theory for higher rank operator
tuples. These dilations are joint dilations of the families of operators
satisfying relations encoded by the graph structure which we call
$\Lambda$-contractions or $\Lambda$-coisometries. Besides commutant lifting
results and characterisations of pure states on higher rank graph algebras
several applications to the structure theory of non-selfadjoint graph operator
algebras are presented generalising recent results in special cases.


  BD And is a fairly bright (V = 10.8), active and close (P = 0.9258 days)
eclipsing binary. The cyclic variability of the apparent orbital period as well
as third light in the light curves indicate the presence of an additional
late-type component. The principal aim is the spectroscopic testing of the
third-body hypothesis and determination of absolute stellar parameters for both
components of the eclipsing binary. First medium and high-resolution
spectroscopy of the system was obtained. The broadening-function technique
appropriate for heavily-broadened spectra of close binaries was used. The
radial velocities were determined fitting the Gaussian functions and rotational
profiles to the broadening functions. A limited amount of photometric data has
also been obtained. Although the photometric observations were focused on the
obtaining the timing information, a cursory light-curve analysis was also
performed. Extracted broadening functions clearly show the presence of a third,
slowly-rotating component. Its radial velocity is within error of the systemic
velocity of the eclipsing pair, strongly supporting the physical bond. The
observed systemic radial-velocity and third-component changes do not support
the 9 year orbit found from the timing variability. Masses of the components of
the eclipsing pair are determined with about 0.5% precision. Further
characterization of the system would require long-term photometric and
spectroscopic monitoring.


  In this paper a model-independent relation which holds for the long distance
part of the Fourier transform of the electromagnetic form factors of the
nucleon in the large $N_c$ and chiral limits is demonstrated. This relation was
previously conjectured based on the fact that it emerged in {\it all}
semiclassical chiral models independent of the details of the model. Here we
show that the result is, in fact, model independent by deriving it directly in
large $N_c$ chiral perturbation theory which is known to capture the long
distance behavior of the form factors. The relation is valid when the large
$N_c$ limit is formally taken before the chiral limit. A new relation is
derived for the case where the chiral limit is taken prior to the large $N_c$
limit.


  We investigated how measurements of weak boson production at high energy $ep$
and $e\gamma$ collisions can provide important information on anomalous
$WW\gamma$ couplings. We also considerd the sinlge muon production through the
virtual $W$-decay at the Pohang Light Source (PLS) facility, and found this
process is not adequate to be detected at the PLS until a large luminosity
($\sim 10^{33}$/sec/cm$^2$) Free Electron Laser is installed.


  We study the $Q$-Kostka polynomials $L_{\lambda\mu}(t)$ by the vertex
operator realization of the $Q$-Hall-Littlewood functions $G_{\lambda}(x;t)$
and derive new formulae for $L_{\lambda\mu}(t)$. In particular, we have
established stability property for the Q-Kostka polynomials. We also introduce
spin Green polynomials $Y^{\lambda}_{\mu}(t)$ as both an analogue of the Green
polynomials and deformation of the spin irreducible characters of $\mathfrak
S_n$. Iterative formulas of the spin Green polynomials are given and some
favorable properties parallel to the Green polynomials are obtained. Tables of
$Y^{\lambda}_{\mu}(t)$ are included for $n\leq7.$


  We review the application of non abelian discrete groups to the theory of
neutrino masses and mixing, which is strongly suggested by the agreement of the
Tri-Bimaximal mixing pattern with experiment. After summarizing the motivation
and the formalism, we discuss specific models, based on A4, S4 and other finite
groups, and their phenomenological implications, including lepton flavor
violating processes, leptogenesis and the extension to quarks. In alternative
to Tri-Bimaximal mixing the application of discrete flavor symmetries to
quark-lepton complementarity and Bimaximal Mixing is also considered.


  We use the cosmo-OWLS and BAHAMAS suites of cosmological hydrodynamical
simulations to explore the separate and combined effects of baryon physics
(particularly feedback from active galactic nuclei, AGN) and free-streaming of
massive neutrinos on large-scale structure. We focus on five diagnostics: i)
the halo mass function; ii) halo mass density profiles; iii) the halo
mass-concentration relation; iv) the clustering of haloes; and v) the
clustering of matter; and we explore the extent to which the effects of baryon
physics and neutrino free-streaming can be treated independently. Consistent
with previous studies, we find that both AGN feedback and neutrino
free-streaming suppress the total matter power spectrum, although their scale
and redshift dependencies differ significantly. The inclusion of AGN feedback
can significantly reduce the masses of groups and clusters, and increase their
scale radii. These effects lead to a decrease in the amplitude of the
mass-concentration relation and an increase in the halo autocorrelation
function at fixed mass. Neutrinos also lower the masses of groups and clusters
while having no significant effect on the shape of their density profiles (thus
also affecting the mass-concentration relation and halo clustering in a
qualitatively similar way to feedback). We show that, with only a small number
of exceptions, the combined effects of baryon physics and neutrino
free-streaming on all five diagnostics can be estimated to typically better
than a few percent accuracy by treating these processes independently (i.e., by
multiplying their separate effects).


  Proton and $\alpha$-particle energy spectra were measured in coincidence with
fission fragments in $^{16}$O (96 MeV) + $^{232}$Th reaction. The multiplicity
spectra were analyzed within the framework of a Moving Source Disentangling
Analysis (MSDA) to determine contributions from different emission stages. The
MSDA conclusively shows "ternary proton emission" as an essential component in
the proton multiplicity spectra akin to ternary $\alpha$ particles. It is the
first time that "ternary proton emission" has been disentangled unambiguously
from pre-scission emission in heavy-ion induced fission. Inverse trajectory
calculations were performed, showing that experimentally observed Total Kinetic
Energy (TKE) and kinetic energies of both ternary $\alpha$ particles and
protons are well reproduced simultaneously by a common scission configuration.
Thus, the scission stage parameters of a fissioning nucleus have been obtained,
showing quantitatively that the scission configuration is significantly
stretched in ternary- than the binary-fission.


  Let X be some Riemann surface, and let omega be a meromorphic quadratic
differential form on X, that is, omega can be written in local coordinates as
f(z) dz^2, for some meromorphic function f. We say that a curve gamma is part
of a horizontal leaf of omega if for each t in I, we have that f(gamma(t))
(gamma'(t))^2 is real and positive. The differential omega is said to be a
Strebel differential if its noncompact horizontal leaves form a set of measure
0.
  Now, most quadratic differential forms on any given Riemann surface are not
Strebel (in fact, the space of Strebel differentials on the projective line as
a subset of the space of all quadratic differentials on the projective line is
a countable union of real lines in the complex plane. Because of this, this
paper focuses on writing down explicit examples of Strebel differentials.
  Most papers that discuss Strebel differentials seem to focus on those that
have only second order poles, since they define a cellular decomposition on X.
However, we construct an explicit family of examples of holomorphic Strebel
differentials on any hyperelliptic curve branched over the points 0, 1,
infinity, and 1/2 + ir, for any real r.
  Later, we look at an example from a previous paper, where omega was an
algebraic Strebel differential such that omega had integral residues, on a
Riemann surface X defined over the algebraic closure of the rationals that had
a transcendental period. We then modify this example to obtain another
algebraic Strebel differential omega', defined on an algebraic Riemann surface
X', all of whose periods are transcendental.


  We present the alternative derivation of the excluded volume equation. The
resulting equation is mathematically identical to the one proposed in the
preceding paper. As a result, the theory reproduces well the observed points by
SANS (small angle neutron scattering) experiments. The equation is applied to
the coil-globule transition of branched molecules. It is found that in the
entire region of poor solvent regimes ($T<\Theta$), the exponent
$\kappa=d\log\alpha\,/\,d\log N\, (N\rightarrow\infty)$ takes the value
$\frac{1}{12}$, showing that contrary to the case of linear molecules
($\kappa=-\frac{1}{6}$), the expansion factor increases indefinitely as $N$
increases. The theory is then applied to concentrated systems in good solvents.
It is found that for the entire region of $0<\bar{\phi}\le 1$, the gradients
$\kappa$ seem to converge on a common value lying somewhere from
$\kappa=\frac{1}{12}$ to $0.1$. Since $\nu_{dilute}=\tfrac{1}{2}$,
$\nu_{melt}=\tfrac{1}{3}$, and $0.33\cdots\le\nu_{conc}\,(=\nu_{0}+\kappa)
<0.35$ for $0<\bar{\phi}\le 1$, the simulation results suggest that the
exponents $\kappa$ and $\nu$ change abruptly from phases to phases; there are
no intermediate values between them, for instance between $\nu_{dilute}$ and
$\nu_{melt}$.


  Uniform large deviation principles for positive functionals of all equivalent
types of infinite dimensional Brownian motions acting together with a Poisson
random measure are established. The core of our approach is a variational
representation formula which for an infinite sequence of i.i.d real Brownian
motions and a Poisson random measure was shown in [5].


  We present first results of a study of the submillimetre (rest frame
far-infrared) properties of z~3 Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) and their
lower-redshift counterparts BX/BM galaxies, based on Herschel-SPIRE
observations of the Northern field of the Great Observatories Origins Deep
Survey (GOODS-N). We use stacking analysis to determine the properties of LBGs
well below the current limit of the survey. Although LBGs are not detected
individually, stacking the infrared luminous LBGs (those detected with Spitzer
at 24 microns yields a statistically significant submm detection with mean flux
<S_{250}>= 5.9+/-1.4 mJy confirming the power of SPIRE in detecting UV-selected
high-redshift galaxies at submillimetre wavelengths. In comparison, the Spitzer
24 microns detected BX/BM galaxies appear fainter with a stacked value of
<S_{250}> = 2.7 +/-0.8 mJy. By fitting the Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs)
we derive median infrared luminosities, L_{IR}, of 2.8x10^{12} Lsun and
1.5x10^{11} Lsun for z~3 LBGs and BX/BMs, respectively. We find that $L_{IR}
estimates derived from present measurements are in good agreement with those
based on UV data for z~2 BX/BM galaxies, unlike the case for z~3 infrared
luminous LBGs where the UV underestimates the true $L_{IR}. Although sample
selection effects may influence this result we suggest that differences in
physical properties (such as morphologies, dust distribution and extent of
star-forming regions) between z ~3 LBGs and z~2 BX/BMs may also play a
significant role.


  A new Goldstone particle named Majoron is introduced in order to explain the
origin of neutrino mass by some new physics models assuming that neutrinos are
Majorana particle. By expanding signal region and using likelihood analysis, it
becomes possible to search for Majoron at experiments that is originally
designed to search for $\mu-e$ conversion. For the COMET experiment, the
sensitivity of process $\mu \rightarrow eJ$ is able to reach ${\mathcal{B}}(\mu
\rightarrow eJ)=2.3\times 10^{-5}$ in Phase-I and $O(10^{-8})$ in Phase-II.
Meanwhile, the sensitivities to search for Majoron at future experiments are
also discussed in this article.


  Superfluidity and superconductivity have been studied widely since the last
century in many different contexts ranging from nuclear matter to atomic
quantum gases. The rigidity of these systems with respect to external
perturbations results in frictionless motion for superfluids and
resistance-free electric current in superconductors. This peculiar behaviour is
lost when external perturbations overcome a critical threshold, i.e. above a
critical magnetic field or a critical current for superconductors. In
superfluids, such as liquid helium or ultracold gases, the corresponding
quantities are critical rotation rate and critical velocity, respectively.
Enhancing the critical values is of great fundamental and practical value. Here
we demonstrate that superfluidity can be achieved for flow above the critical
velocity through quantum interference induced resonances. This has far reaching
consequences for the fundamental understanding of superfluidity and
superconductivity and opens up new application possibilities in quantum
metrology, e.g. in rotation sensing.


  We consider a two-parameter family of cylindrical force-free equilibria,
modeled to match numerical simulations of relativistic force-free jets. We
study the linear stability of these equilibria, assuming a rigid impenetrable
wall at the outer cylindrical radius R_j. We find that equilibria in which the
Lorentz factor \gamma(R) increases monotonically with increasing radius R are
stable. On the other hand, equilibria in which \gamma(R) reaches a maximum
value at an intermediate radius and then declines to a smaller value \gamma_j
at R_j are unstable. The most rapidly growing mode is an m=1 kink instability
which has a growth rate ~ (0.4 / \gamma_j) (c/R_j). The e-folding length of the
equivalent convected instability is ~2.5 \gamma_j R_j. For a typical jet with
an opening angle \theta_j ~ few / \gamma_j, the mode amplitude grows weakly
with increasing distance from the base of the jet, much slower than one might
expect from a naive application of the Kruskal-Shafranov stability criterion.


  Geometric quantum gates are often expected to be more resilient than
dynamical gates against certain types of error, which would make them ideal for
robust quantum computing. However, this is still up for debate due to seemingly
conflicting results in the literature. Here we use dynamical invariant theory
in conjunction with filter functions in order to analytically characterize the
noise sensitivity of an arbitrary quantum gate. For any control Hamiltonian
that produces a geometric gate, we find that under certain common conditions
one can construct another control Hamiltonian that produces an equivalent
dynamical gate with identical noise sensitivity (as characterized by the filter
function). Our result holds for a Hilbert space of arbitrary dimensions, but we
illustrate our result by examining experimentally relevant single-qubit
scenarios and providing explicit examples of equivalent geometric and dynamical
gates.


  In this paper we discuss how semantic annotations can be used to introduce
mathematical algorithmic information of the underlying imperative code to
enable compilers to produce code transformations that will enable better
performance. By using this approaches not only good performance is achieved,
but also better programmability, maintainability and portability across
different hardware architectures. To exemplify this we will use polynomial
equations of different degrees.


  We study the classical action functional $\SMC_V$ on the free loop space of a
closed, finite dimensional Riemannian manifold $M$ and the symplectic action
$\AMC_V$ on the free loop space of its cotangent bundle. The critical points of
both functionals can be identified with the set of perturbed closed geodesics
in $M$. The potential $V\in C^\infty(M\times S^1,\R)$ serves as perturbation
and we show that both functionals are Morse for generic $V$. In this case we
prove that the Morse index of a critical point $x$ of $\SMC_V$ equals minus its
Conley-Zehnder index when viewed as a critical point of $\AMC_V$ and if $x^*TM
\to S^1$ is trivial. Otherwise a correction term +1 appears.


  Vadalog is a system for performing complex reasoning tasks such as those
required in advanced knowledge graphs. The logical core of the underlying
Vadalog language is the warded fragment of tuple-generating dependencies
(TGDs). This formalism ensures tractable reasoning in data complexity, while a
recent analysis focusing on a practical implementation led to the reasoning
algorithm around which the Vadalog system is built. A fundamental question that
has emerged in the context of Vadalog is the following: can we limit the
recursion allowed by wardedness in order to obtain a formalism that provides a
convenient syntax for expressing useful recursive statements, and at the same
time achieves space-efficiency? After analyzing several real-life examples of
warded sets of TGDs provided by our industrial partners, as well as recent
benchmarks, we observed that recursion is often used in a restricted way: the
body of a TGD contains at most one atom whose predicate is mutually recursive
with a predicate in the head. We show that this type of recursion, known as
piece-wise linear in the Datalog literature, is the answer to our main
question. We further show that piece-wise linear recursion alone, without the
wardedness condition, is not enough as it leads to the undecidability of
reasoning. We finally study the relative expressiveness of the query languages
based on (piece-wise linear) warded sets of TGDs.


  We show that the Frobenius character of the equivariant Borel-Moore homology
of a certain positive $GL_n$-version of the unramified affine Springer fiber
$Z_k$ studied by Goreski, Kottwitz and MacPherson is computed by the matrix
coefficients of the $\nabla^k$-operator, which acts diagonally in the modified
Macdonald basis. We do this by relating the combinatorial formula for the
$\nabla^k$-operator we obtained in an earlier paper to the GKM paving of $Z_k$,
and we give an algebraic presentation of the above homology as an explicit
submodule of the Kostant-Kumar nil Hecke algebra. We then study a certain open
locus $U_k \subset Z_k$, and reduce a long-standing conjecture of Bergeron,
Garsia, Haiman and Tesler, which predicts the sign of the coefficients of the
Schur expansion of $\nabla^k$, to a vanishing conjecture about the homology
groups of $U_k$. The latter conjecture is in turn reduced to a vanishing
conjecture for certain open loci of the regular semisimple Hessenberg varieties
which are indexed by partial Dyck paths.


  While considering the chameleon scalar field model with the spatially flat
FLRW background, we investigate the late-time acceleration phase of the
universe, wherein we apply the typical potential usually used in this model.
Through setting some constraints on the free parameters of the model, we
indicate that the non-minimal coupling between the matter and the scalar field
in such a model should be strongly coupled in order to have an accelerated
expansion of the universe at the late-time. We also investigate the relative
acceleration of the parallel geodesics by obtaining the geodesic deviation
equation in the context of chameleon model. Then, through the null deviation
vector fields, we obtain the observer area-distance as a measurable quantity to
compare the model with other relevant models.


  We give a formula to compute the dimension of the generic component of the
moduli space of an irreducible germ of curve in the complex plane.


  Self Driving Car technology is a vehicle that guides itself without human
conduction. The first truly autonomous cars appeared in the 1980s with projects
funded by DARPA( Defense Advance Research Project Agency ). Since then a lot
has changed with the improvements in the fields of Computer Vision and Machine
Learning. We have used the concept of behavioral cloning to convert a normal RC
model car into an autonomous car using Deep Learning technology


  Recently, a number of variants of the notion of cut-preserving hypergraph
sparsification have been studied in the literature. These variants include
directed hypergraph sparsification, submodular hypergraph sparsification,
general notions of approximation including spectral approximations, and more
general notions like sketching that can answer cut queries using more general
data structures than just sparsifiers. In this work, we provide reductions
between these different variants of hypergraph sparsification and establish new
upper and lower bounds on the space complexity of preserving their cuts. At a
high level, our results use the same general principle, namely, by showing that
cuts in one class of hypergraphs can be simulated by cuts in a simpler class of
hypergraphs, we can leverage sparsification results for the simpler class of
hypergraphs.


  We study spectral statistics of a Gaussian unitary critical ensemble of
almost diagonal Hermitian random matrices with off-diagonal entries
$<|H_{ij}|^{2} > \sim b^{2} |i-j|^{-2}$ small compared to diagonal ones
$<|H_{ii}|^{2} > \sim 1$. Using the recently suggested method of {\it virial
expansion} in the number of interacting energy levels (J.Phys.A {\bf 36},8265
(2003)), we calculate a coefficient $\propto b^{2}\ll 1$ in the level
compressibility $\chi(b)$. We demonstrate that only the leading terms in
$\chi(b)$ coincide for this model and for an exactly solvable model suggested
by Moshe, Neuberger and Shapiro (Phys.Rev.Lett. {\bf 73}, 1497 (1994)), the
sub-leading terms $\sim b^{2}$ being different. Numerical data confirms our
analytical calculation.


  We present results from an analysis of $\sim$ 29,000 RR Lyrae stars located
in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). For these objects, near-infrared
time-series photometry from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system
(VMC) and optical data from the OGLE (Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment)
IV survey and the Gaia Data Release 2 catalogue of confirmed RR Lyrae stars
were exploited. Using VMC and OGLE IV magnitudes we derived period-luminosity
(PL), period-luminosity-metallicity (PLZ), period-Wesenheit (PW) and
period-Wesenheit-metallicity (PWZ) relations in all available bands. More that
~7,000 RR Lyrae were discarded from the analysis because they appear to be
overluminous with respect to the PL relations. The $PL_{K_{\mathrm{s}}}$
relation was used to derive individual distance to $\sim 22,000$ RR Lyrae
stars, and study the three-dimensional structure of the LMC. The distribution
of the LMC RR Lyrae stars is ellipsoidal with the three axis $S_1$=6.5 kpc,
$S_2$=4.6 kpc and $S_3$=3.7 kpc, inclination i=$22\pm4^{\circ }$ relative to
the plane of the sky and position angle of the line of nodes
$\theta=167\pm7^{\circ }$ (measured from north to east). The north-eastern part
of the ellipsoid is closer to us and no particular associated substructures are
detected as well as any metallicity gradient.


  Recent exoplanet surveys revealed that for solar-type stars, close-in
Super-Earths are ubiquitous and many of them are in multi-planet systems. These
systems are more compact than the Solar System's terrestrial planets. However,
there have been few theoretical studies on the formation of such planets around
low-mass stars. In the standard model, the final stage of terrestrial planet
formation is the giant impact stage, where protoplanets gravitationally scatter
and collide with each other and then evolve into a stable planetary system. We
investigate the effect of the stellar mass on the architecture of planetary
systems formed by giant impacts. We perform {\it N}-body simulations around
stars with masses of 0.1--2 times the solar mass. Using the isolation mass of
protoplanets, we distribute the initial protoplanets in 0.05--0.15 au from the
central star and follow the evolution for 200 million orbital periods of the
innermost protoplanet. We find that for a given protoplanet system, the mass of
planets increases as the stellar mass decreases, while the number of planets
decreases. The eccentricity and inclination of orbits and the orbital
separation of adjacent planets increase with decreasing the stellar mass. This
is because as the stellar mass decreases, the relative strength of planetary
scattering becomes more effective. We also discuss the properties of planets
formed in the habitable zone using the minimum-mass extrasolar nebula model.


  In the context of bipartite bosonic systems, two notions of classicality of
correlations can be defined: P-classicality, based on the properties of the
Glauber-Sudarshan P-function; and C-classicality, based on the entropic quantum
discord. It has been shown that these two notions are maximally inequivalent in
a static (metric) sense -- as they coincide only on a set of states of zero
measure. We extend and reinforce quantitatively this inequivalence by
addressing the dynamical relation between these types of non-classicality in a
paradigmatic quantum-optical setting: the linear mixing at a beam splitter of a
single-mode Gaussian state with a thermal reference state. Specifically, we
show that almost all P-classical input states generate outputs that are not
C-classical. Indeed, for the case of zero thermal reference photons, the more
P-classical resources at the input the less C-classicality at the output. In
addition, we show that the P-classicality at the input -- as quantified by the
non-classical depth -- does instead determine quantitatively the potential of
generating output entanglement. This endows the non-classical depth with a new
operational interpretation: it gives the maximum number of thermal reference
photons that can be mixed at a beam splitter without destroying the output
entanglement.


  This paper studies a class of multi-robot coordination problems where a team
of robots aim to reach their goal regions with minimum time and avoid
collisions with obstacles and other robots. A novel numerical algorithm is
proposed to identify the Pareto optimal solutions where no robot can
unilaterally reduce its traveling time without extending others'. The
consistent approximation of the algorithm in the epigraphical profile sense is
guaranteed using set-valued numerical analysis. Experiments on an indoor
multi-robot platform and computer simulations show the anytime property of the
proposed algorithm; i.e., it is able to quickly return a feasible control
policy that safely steers the robots to their goal regions and it keeps
improving policy optimality if more time is given.


  Employing non-equilibrium quantum transport models, we investigate the
details and operating conditions of nano-structured Peltier coolers embedded
with an energy filtering barrier. Our investigations point out non-trivial
aspects of Peltier cooling which include an inevitable trade-off between the
cooling power and the coefficient of performance, the coefficient of
performance being high at a low voltage bias and subsequently deteriorating
with increasing voltage bias. We point out that there is an optimum energy
barrier height for nanowire Peltier coolers at which the cooling performance is
optimized. However, for bulk Peltier coolers, the cooling performance is
enhanced with the height of the energy filtering barrier. Exploring further, we
point out that a degradation in cooling performance with respect to bulk is
inevitable as a single moded nanowire transitions to a multi-moded one. The
results discussed here can provide theoretical insights for optimal design of
nano Peltier coolers.


  In this work, we discuss connections between different theoretical physics
communities and their works, all related to systems that act as sources of
particles such as photons, phonons, or electrons. Our interest is to understand
how a low-dimensional quantum system driven by coherent fields, e.g. a
two-level system, Jaynes-Cummings system, or photon pair source driven by a
laser pulse, emits photons into a waveguide. Of particular relevance to
solid-state sources is that we provide a way to include dissipation into the
formalism for temporal-mode quantum optics. We will discuss the connections
between temporal-mode quantum optics, scattering matrices, quantum stochastic
calculus, continuous matrix product states and operators, and very traditional
quantum optical concepts such as the Mandel photon counting formula and the
Lindblad form of the quantum-optical master equation. We close with an example
of how our formalism relates to single-photon sources with dephasing.


  In neural architecture search (NAS), the space of neural network
architectures is automatically explored to maximize predictive accuracy for a
given task. Despite the success of recent approaches, most existing methods
cannot be directly applied to large scale problems because of their prohibitive
computational complexity or high memory usage. In this work, we propose a
Probabilistic approach to neural ARchitecture SEarCh (PARSEC) that drastically
reduces memory requirements while maintaining state-of-the-art computational
complexity, making it possible to directly search over more complex
architectures and larger datasets. Our approach only requires as much memory as
is needed to train a single architecture from our search space. This is due to
a memory-efficient sampling procedure wherein we learn a probability
distribution over high-performing neural network architectures. Importantly,
this framework enables us to transfer the distribution of architectures learnt
on smaller problems to larger ones, further reducing the computational cost. We
showcase the advantages of our approach in applications to CIFAR-10 and
ImageNet, where our approach outperforms methods with double its computational
cost and matches the performance of methods with costs that are three orders of
magnitude larger.


  We compare predictions of nCTEQ15 nuclear parton distribution functions with
proton-lead vector boson production data from the LHC. We select data sets that
are most sensitive to nuclear PDFs and have potential to constrain them. We
identify the kinematic regions and flavours where these data can bring new
information and will have largest impact on the nuclear PDFs. Finally, we
estimate the effect of including these data in a global analysis using a
reweighting method.


  Traditional scene graph generation methods are trained using cross-entropy
losses that treat objects and relationships as independent entities. Such a
formulation, however, ignores the structure in the output space, in an
inherently structured prediction problem. In this work, we introduce a novel
energy-based learning framework for generating scene graphs. The proposed
formulation allows for efficiently incorporating the structure of scene graphs
in the output space. This additional constraint in the learning framework acts
as an inductive bias and allows models to learn efficiently from a small number
of labels. We use the proposed energy-based framework to train existing
state-of-the-art models and obtain a significant performance improvement, of up
to 21% and 27%, on the Visual Genome and GQA benchmark datasets, respectively.
Furthermore, we showcase the learning efficiency of the proposed framework by
demonstrating superior performance in the zero- and few-shot settings where
data is scarce.


  We propose helium-4 spallation processes induced by long-lived stau in
supersymmetric standard models, and investigate an impact of the processes on
light elements abundances. We show that, as long as the phase space of helium-4
spallation processes is open, they are more important than stau-catalyzed
fusion and hence constrain the stau property.


  An important problem in machine auditory perception is to recognize and
detect sound events. In this paper, we propose a sequential self-teaching
approach to learning sounds. Our main proposition is that it is harder to learn
sounds in adverse situations such as from weakly labeled and/or noisy labeled
data, and in these situations a single stage of learning is not sufficient. Our
proposal is a sequential stage-wise learning process that improves
generalization capabilities of a given modeling system. We justify this method
via technical results and on Audioset, the largest sound events dataset, our
sequential learning approach can lead to up to 9% improvement in performance. A
comprehensive evaluation also shows that the method leads to improved
transferability of knowledge from previously trained models, thereby leading to
improved generalization capabilities on transfer learning tasks.


  We consider generalized Nash equilibrium problems (GNEPs) with linear
coupling constraints affected by both local (i.e., agent-wise) and global
(i.e., shared resources) disturbances taking values in polyhedral uncertainty
sets. By making use of traditional tools borrowed from robust optimization, for
this class of problems we derive a tractable, finite-dimensional reformulation
leading to a deterministic ''extended game'', and we show that this latter
still amounts to a GNEP featuring generalized Nash equilibria ''in the
worst-case''. We then design a fully-distributed, accelerated algorithm based
on monotone operator theory, which enjoys convergence towards a Nash
equilibrium of the original, uncertain game under weak structural assumptions.
Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed scheme
through numerical simulations


  Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a recently proposed standard
that offers different versions of the same media content to adapt the delivery
process over the Internet to dynamic bandwidth fluctuations and different user
device capabilities. The peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm for video streaming allows
to leverage the cooperation among peers, guaranteeing to serve every video
request with increased scalability and reduced cost. We propose to combine
these two approaches in a P2P-DASH architecture, exploiting the potentiality of
both. The new platform is made of several swarms, and a different DASH
representation is streamed within each of them; unlike client-server DASH
architectures, where each client autonomously selects which version to download
according to current network conditions and to its device resources, we put
forth a new rate control strategy implemented at peer site to maintain a good
viewing quality to the local user and to simultaneously guarantee the
successful operation of the P2P swarms. The effectiveness of the solution is
demonstrated through simulation and it indicates that the P2P-DASH platform is
able to warrant its users a very good performance, much more satisfying than in
a conventional P2P environment where DASH is not employed. Through a comparison
with a reference DASH system modeled via the Integer Linear Programming (ILP)
approach, the new system is shown to outperform such reference architecture. To
further validate the proposal, both in terms of robustness and scalability,
system behavior is investigated in the critical condition of a flash crowd,
showing that the strong upsurge of new users can be successfully revealed and
gradually accommodated.


  We derive a framework to apply topological quantum chemistry in systems
subject to magnetic flux. We start by deriving the action of spatial symmetry
operators in a uniform magnetic field, which extends Zak's magnetic translation
groups to all crystal symmetry groups. Ultimately, the magnetic symmetries form
a projective representation of the crystal symmetry group. As a consequence,
band representations acquire an extra gauge invariant phase compared to the
non-magnetic theory. Thus, the theory of symmetry indicators is distinct from
the non-magnetic case. We give examples of new symmetry indicators that appear
at $\pi$ flux. Finally, we apply our results to an obstructed atomic insulator
with corner states in a magnetic field. The symmetry indicators reveal a
topological-to-trivial phase transition at finite flux, which is confirmed by a
Hofstadter butterfly calculation. The bulk phase transition provides a new
probe of higher order topology in certain obstructed atomic insulators.


  We performed a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations of
supersonic homogeneous Euler turbulence with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and
effective grid resolution up to 1024^3 zones. Our experiments describe
non-magnetized driven supersonic turbulent flows with an isothermal equation of
state. Mesh refinement on shocks and shear is implemented to cover dynamically
important structures with the highest resolution subgrids and calibrated to
match the turbulence statistics obtained from the equivalent uniform grid
simulations.
  We found that at a level of resolution slightly below 512^3, when a
sufficient integral/dissipation scale separation is first achieved, the
fraction of the box volume covered by the AMR subgrids first becomes smaller
than unity. At the higher AMR levels subgrids start covering smaller and
smaller fractions of the whole volume, which scale with the Reynolds number as
Re^{-1/4}. We demonstrate the consistency of this scaling with a hypothesis
that the most dynamically important structures in intermittent supersonic
turbulence are strong shocks with a fractal dimension of two. We show that
turbulence statistics derived from AMR simulations and simulations performed on
uniform grids agree surprisingly well, even though only a fraction of the
volume is covered by AMR subgrids. Based on these results, we discuss the
signature of dissipative structures in the statistical properties of supersonic
turbulence and their role in overall flow dynamics.


  Semiconductor quantum dots (known as artificial atoms) hold great promise for
solid-state quantum networks and quantum computers. To realize a quantum
network, it is crucial to achieve light-matter entanglement and coherent
quantum-state transfer between light and matter. Here we present a robust
photon-spin entangling gate with high fidelity and high efficiency (up to 50
percent) using a charged quantum dot in a double-sided microcavity. This gate
is based on giant circular birefringence induced by a single electron spin, and
functions as an optical circular polariser which allows only one
circularly-polarized component of light to be transmitted depending on the
electron spin states. We show this gate can be used for single-shot quantum
non-demolition measurement of a single electron spin, and can work as an
entanglement filter to make a photon-spin entangler, spin entangler and photon
entangler as well as a photon-spin quantum interface. This work allows us to
make all building blocks for solid-state quantum networks with single photons
and quantum-dot spins.


  Proton-proton correlations and correlations of p-alpha, d-alpha, and t-alpha
from spectator decays following Au + Au collisions at 1000 AMeV have been
measured with an highly efficient detector hodoscope. The constructed
correlation functions indicate a moderate expansion and low breakup densities
similar to assumptions made in statistical multifragmentation models. In
agreement with a volume breakup rather short time scales were deduced employing
directional cuts in proton-proton correlations.
  PACS numbers: 25.70.Pq, 21.65.+f, 25.70.Mn


  We present almost-simultaneous detections of Cygnus X-1 in the radio and mm
regimes, obtained during the low/hard X-ray state. The source displays a flat
spectrum between 2 and 220 GHz, with a spectral index flatter than 0.15
(3sigma). There is no evidence for either a low- or high-frequency cut-off, but
in the mid-infrared (~30 microns) thermal emission from the OB-type companion
star becomes dominant. The integrated luminosity of this flat-spectrum emission
in quiescence is > 2 x 10^{31} erg/s (2 x 10^{24} W). Assuming the emission
originates in a jet for which non-radiative (e.g. adiabatic expansion) losses
dominate, this is a very conservative lower limit on the power required to
maintain the jet. A comparison with Cyg X-3 and GRS 1915+105, the other X-ray
binaries for which a flat spectrum at shorter than cm wavelengths has been
observed, shows that the jet in Cyg X-1 is significantly less luminous and less
variable, and is probably our best example to date of a continuous, steady,
outflow from an X-ray binary. The emissive mechanism reponsible for such a flat
spectral component remains uncertain. Specifically, we note that the radio-mm
spectra observed from these X-ray binaries are much flatter than those of the
`flat-spectrum' AGN, and that existing models of synchrotron emission from
partially self-absorbed radio cores, which predict a high-frequency cut-off in
the mm regime, are not directly applicable.