  We suggest using spatially modulated strain for control of a spin wave
propagating inside a bulk magnet. The modulation with the wave vector $q=2k$,
by virtue of magnetoelasticity, mixes spin waves with wave vectors near $k$ and
$-k$. This leads to lifting the degeneracy of the symmetric and antisymmetric
eigenstate combinations of these waves. The resulting picture reminds one of a
tunneling particle in a symmetric double-well potential. Here, a moving spin
wave being subjected to the $2k$-lattice modulation after some time alters its
propagation direction to the opposite one, and so on. The effect can be
utilized for the control of the spin-wave propagation that can be useful for
spintronic and magnonic applications. The control may include a delay line
element, filtering, and waveguide of the spin waves.


  We consider nonlinear parabolic equations of the type $$ u_t - div a(x, t,
Du)= f(x,t) on \Omega_T = \Omega\times (-T,0), $$ under standard growth
conditions on $a$, with $f$ only assumed to be integrable. We prove general
decay estimates up to the boundary for level sets of the solutions $u$ and the
gradient $Du$ which imply very general estimates in Lebesgue and Lorentz
spaces. Assuming only that the involved domains satisfy a mild exterior
capacity density condition, we provide global regularity results.


  We investigate the value of extending the completeness of a decision model
along different dimensions of refinement. Specifically, we analyze the expected
value of quantitative, conceptual, and structural refinement of decision
models. We illustrate the key dimensions of refinement with examples. The
analyses of value of model refinement can be used to focus the attention of an
analyst or an automated reasoning system on extensions of a decision model
associated with the greatest expected value.


  It is conjectured by Golomb and Welch around half a century ago that there is
no perfect Lee codes $C$ of packing radius $r$ in $\mathbb{Z}^{n}$ for $r\geq2$
and $n\geq 3$. Recently, Leung and the second author proved this conjecture for
linear Lee codes with $r=2$. A natural question is whether it is possible to
classify the second best, i.e., almost perfect linear Lee codes of packing
radius $2$. We show that if such codes exist in $\mathbb{Z}^n$, then $n$ must
be $1,2, 11, 29, 47, 56, 67, 79, 104, 121, 134$ or $191$.


  In the present work, the non-spherical dust grain characteristics of comet
Levy 1990XX with different silicate grain compositions (both pyroxene and
olivine) are studied using the T-matrix method. Considering amorphous pyroxene
grain (Mg$_x$Fe$_{1-x}$SiO$_3$) with $x$ (= 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.95, 1)
and amorphous olivine grain (Mg$_{2y}$Fe$_{2-2y}$SiO$_4$) with $y$ (= 0.4, 0.5)
(Dorschner et al. 1995), the observed polarization data of comet Levy1990XX are
analyzed using the T-matrix code at $\lambda$ = 0.485 $\mu m$.


  We prove an inverse function theorem of Nash-Moser type for maps between
Fr\'echet spaces satisfying tame estimates. In contrast to earlier proofs, we
do not use the Newton method, that is, we do not use quadratic convergence to
overcome the lack of derivatives. In fact, our theorem holds when the map to be
inverted is not C^2


  The orthorhombic compound AuSn4 is compositionally similar to the Dirac node
arc semimetal PtSn$_4$. AuSn$_4$ is, contrary to PtSn$_4$, superconducting with
a critical temperature of T$_c$ = 2.35 K. Recent measurements present
indications for quasi two-dimensional superconducting behavior in AuSn$_4$.
Here we present measurements of the superconducting density of states and the
band structure of AuSn$_4$ through Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and
Angular Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES). The superconducting gap
values in different portions of the Fermi surface are spread around {\Delta}0 =
0.4 meV, which is close to but somewhat larger than $\Delta =$ 1.76kBT$_c$
expected from BCS theory. We observe superconducting features in the tunneling
conductance at the surface up to temperatures about 20% larger than bulk Tc.
The band structure calculated with Density Functional Theory (DFT) follows well
the results of ARPES. The crystal structure presents two possible stackings of
Sn layers, giving two nearly degenerate polytypes. This makes AuSn$_4$ a rather
unique case with a three dimensional electronic band structure but properties
ressembling those of low dimensional layered compounds.


  A probability distribution allows practitioners to uncover hidden structure
in the data and build models to solve supervised learning problems using
limited data. The focus of this report is on Variational autoencoders, a method
to learn the probability distribution of large complex datasets. The report
provides a theoretical understanding of variational autoencoders and
consolidates the current research in the field.
  The report is divided into multiple chapters, the first chapter introduces
the problem, describes variational autoencoders and identifies key research
directions in the field. Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 dive into the details of each
of the key research areas. Chapter 6 concludes the report and suggests
directions for future work.
  A reader who has a basic idea of machine learning but wants to learn about
general themes in machine learning research can benefit from the report. The
report explains central ideas on learning probability distributions, what
people did to make this tractable and goes into details around how deep
learning is currently applied. The report also serves a gentle introduction for
someone looking to contribute to this sub-field.


  Based on CORSIKA and REAS2 simulations, we investigate the dependence of
geosynchrotron radio emission from extensive air showers on the energy of the
primary cosmic ray and the depth of the shower maximum. It is found that at a
characteristic lateral distance, the amplitude of the bandpass-filtered radio
signal is directly proportional to the energy deposited in the atmosphere by
the electromagnetic cascade, with an RMS uncertainty due to shower-to-shower
fluctuations of less than 3%. In addition, the ratio of this radio amplitude
and that at a larger lateral distance is directly related to the atmospheric
depth of the shower maximum, with an RMS uncertainty of ~15-20 g cm-2. By
measuring these quantities, geosynchrotron radio emission from cosmic ray air
showers can be used to infer the energy of the primary particle and the depth
of the air shower maximum on a shower-to-shower basis.


  Proximity coupling and magnetic switching dynamics are shown to be correlated
in bilayers (B) of fully spin polarized ferromagnet (F) Co2FeSi and
superconductor (S) NbN. The upper critical field derived from resistivity
measurements shows a dimensional crossover with a reduced effective thickness
of the S layer. At temperatures (T) << superconducting Tc, the measured M-H
loops show two step switching; one at T-independent value ~ 7 Oe and other at
strongly T-dependent value becoming very large ~ 1 kOe at 2 K. These results
reveal induced ferromagnetism in S-layer at the S/F interface with vortex
pinning influenced dynamics.


  We probe the stellar population age and metallicity distributions in nearby
elliptical galaxies over the largest extension to date. Long-slit spectroscopy
is made by using the spectrograph SCORPIO of the 6-m telescope of the Special
Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciencies. The Lick indices
H-beta, Mg b, Fe5270, and Fe5335 are calculated along the slit up to radii of
1.3 to 3r_e in 4 galaxies and up to 0.5r_e in the fifth one. The comparison
with evolutionary synthesis models of simple stellar populations allows us to
disentangle age and metallicity and to measure both. We have found that the
mean stellar age is constant along the radius only in one galaxy out of 5. The
other 4 galaxies demonstrate quite different behaviour of the mean stellar age:
the outer parts are older than the centres in 3 cases and younger - in one
case. The metallicity gradients cannot be approximated by a single power law
over the full radial extension in 4 galaxies of 5. The inner metallicity
gradients within 0.5r_e are all rather steep, steeper than -0.4 metallicity dex
per radius dex, and are inconsistent with the origin of the elliptical galaxies
by a major merger.


  For the prototype diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As, there is a
fundamental concern about the electronic states near the Fermi level, i.e.,
whether the Fermi level resides in a well-separated impurity band derived from
Mn doping (impurity-band model) or in the valence band that is already merged
with the Mn-derived impurity band (valence-band model). We investigate this
question by carefully shifting the Fermi level by means of carrier
compensation. We use helium-ion implantation, a standard industry technology,
to precisely compensate the hole doping of GaAs-based diluted ferromagnetic
semiconductors while keeping the Mn concentration constant. We monitor the
change of Curie temperature ($T_C$) and conductivity. For a broad range of
samples including (Ga,Mn)As and (Ga,Mn)(As,P) with various Mn and P
concentrations, we observe a smooth decrease of $T_C$ with carrier compensation
over a wide temperature range while the conduction is changed from metallic to
insulating. The existence of $T_C$ below 10\,K is also confirmed in heavily
compensated samples. Our experimental results are naturally explained within
the valence-band picture.


  An experiment by Proietti {\it et al} purporting to instantiate the `Wigner's
Friend' thought experiment is discussed. It is pointed out that the stated
implications of the experiment regarding the alleged irreconcilability of facts
attributed to different observers warrant critical review. In particular,
violation of a Clauser-Horne-Shimony inequality by the experimental data
actually shows that the attribution of measurement outcomes to the ``Friends''
(modeled by internal photons undergoing unitary interactions) is erroneous. An
elementary but often overlooked result regarding improper mixtures is adduced
in support of this assessment. A counterexample is provided which refutes the
popular notion that quantum theory leads to `relative facts' that never
manifest as empirical inconsistencies. It is further noted that under an
assumption of unbroken unitarity, no measurement correlation can ever yield an
outcome, since all systems remain in improper mixtures, and attributing a
definite but unknown outcome contradicts their composite pure state. It is
pointed out that there already exists a solution to this conundrum in the form
of an alternative formulation of quantum theory, which accounts for the data
showing that no outcomes occurred at the interior entangled photon level and
also predicts that outcomes can and do occur at the exterior ``super-observer''
level in this type of experiment.


  We show how single top production at the LHC can be used to discover (and
characterize the couplings of) B' quarks, which are an essential part of many
natural models of new physics beyond the Standard Model. We present the B'
effective model and concentrate on resonant production via a colored anomalous
magnetic moment. Generally, B's preferentially decay into a single top quark
produced in association with a W boson; thus, this production process makes
associated single top production essential to B' searches at the LHC. We
demonstrate the background processes are manageable and the signal cross
section is sufficient to yield a large signal significance even during the 7
TeV LHC run. Specifically, we show that B' masses of 700 GeV or more can be
probed. Moreover, if a B' is found, then the chirality of its coupling can be
determined. Finally, we present signal cross sections for several different LHC
energies.


  We give necessary and sufficient conditions under which a quasi-action of any
group on an arbitrary metric space can be reduced to a cobounded isometric
action on some bounded valence tree, following a result of Mosher, Sageev and
Whyte. Moreover if the quasi-action is metrically proper and quasi-orbits are
quasi-isometric to trees then the group is virtually free.


  We study the problem of estimating, in the sense of optimal transport
metrics, a measure which is assumed supported on a manifold embedded in a
Hilbert space. By establishing a precise connection between optimal transport
metrics, optimal quantization, and learning theory, we derive new probabilistic
bounds for the performance of a classic algorithm in unsupervised learning
(k-means), when used to produce a probability measure derived from the data. In
the course of the analysis, we arrive at new lower bounds, as well as
probabilistic upper bounds on the convergence rate of the empirical law of
large numbers, which, unlike existing bounds, are applicable to a wide class of
measures.


  We propose and analyse the use of a three-well Bose-Hubbard model for the
creation of two spatially separated entangled atomic samples. Our three wells
are in a linear configuration, with all atoms initially in the middle well,
which gives some spatial separation of the two end wells. The evolution from
the initial quantum state allows for the development of entanglement between
the atomic modes in the two end wells. Using inseparability criteria developed
by Hillery and Zubairy, we show how the detected entanglement is time
dependent, oscillating with the well occupations. We suggest and analyse a
method for preserving the entanglement by turning off the different
interactions when it reaches its first maximum. We analyse the system with both
Fock and coherent initial states, showing that the violations of the
Hillery-Zubairy inequality exist only for initial Fock states and that the
collisional nonlinearity degrades them. This system is an early step towards
producing entangled atomic samples that can be spatially separated and thus
close the locality loophole in tests of non-local quantum correlations.


  Let $G$ be a simple compact connected Lie group. We study homogeneous
Einstein metrics for a class of compact homogeneous spaces, namely generalized
flag manifolds $G/H$ with second Betti number $b_{2}(G/H)=1$. There are 8
infinite families $G/H$ corresponding to a classical simple Lie group $G$ and
25 exceptional flag manifolds, which all have some common geometric features;
for example they admit a unique invariant complex structure which gives rise to
unique invariant K\"ahler--Einstein metric. The most typical examples are the
compact isotropy irreducible Hermitian symmetric spaces for which the Killing
form is the unique homogeneous Einstein metric (which is K\"ahler). For
non-isotropy irreducible spaces the classification of homogeneous Einstein
metrics has been completed for 24 of the 26 cases. In this paper we construct
the Einstein equation for the two unexamined cases, namely the flag manifolds
$\E_8/\U(1)\times \SU(4)\times \SU(5)$ and $\E_8/\U(1)\times \SU(2)\times
\SU(3)\times \SU(5)$. In order to determine explicitly the Ricci tensors of an
$\E_8$-invariant metric we use a method based on the Riemannian submersions.
For both spaces we classify all homogeneous Einstein metrics and thus we
conclude that any flag manifold $G/H$ with $b_{2}(M)=1$ admits a finite number
of non-isometric non-K\"ahler invariant Einstein metrics. The precise number of
these metrics is given in Table 1.


  A review on the current state of mode physics in classical pulsators is
presented. Two, currently in use, time-dependent convection models are compared
and their applications on mode stability are discussed with particular emphasis
on the location of the Delta Scuti instability strip.


  Operator inequalities with a geometric flavour have been successful in
studying mixing of random walks and quantum mechanics. We suggest a new way to
extract such inequalities using the octopus inequality of Caputo, Liggett and
Richthammer.


  We show that the double category $\mathbb{C}\mathbf{at}^\#$ of comonoids in
the category of polynomial functors (previously shown by Ahman-Uustalu and
Garner to be equivalent to the double category of categories, cofunctors, and
prafunctors) contains several formal settings for basic category theory and has
subcategories equivalent to both the double category $\mathbb{O}\mathbf{rg}$ of
dynamic rewiring systems and the double category
$\mathbb{P}\mathbf{oly}_{\mathcal{E}}$ of generalized polynomials in a finite
limit category $\mathcal{E}$. Also serving as a natural setting for categorical
database theory and generalized higher category theory,
$\mathbb{C}\mathbf{at}^\#$ at once hosts models of a wide range of concepts
from the theory and applications of polynomial functors and category theory.


  The growing ubiquity of Social Media data offers an attractive perspective
for improving the quality of machine learning-based models in several fields,
ranging from Computer Vision to Natural Language Processing. In this paper we
focus on Facebook posts paired with reactions of multiple users, and we
investigate their relationships with classes of emotions that are typically
considered in the task of emotion detection. We are inspired by the idea of
introducing a connection between reactions and emotions by means of First-Order
Logic formulas, and we propose an end-to-end neural model that is able to
jointly learn to detect emotions and predict Facebook reactions in a multi-task
environment, where the logic formulas are converted into polynomial
constraints. Our model is trained using a large collection of unsupervised
texts together with data labeled with emotion classes and Facebook posts that
include reactions. An extended experimental analysis that leverages a large
collection of Facebook posts shows that the tasks of emotion classification and
reaction prediction can both benefit from their interaction.


  The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background
(CMB) survey experiment that consists of three 0.5 m small-aperture telescopes
and one 6 m large-aperture telescope, sited at an elevation of 5200 m in the
Atacama Desert in Chile. SO will utilize more than 60,000 transition edge
sensors (TES) to observe CMB temperature and polarization in six frequency
bands from 27-280 GHz. Common to both the small and large aperture telescope
receivers (LATR) is the 300K-4K Universal Readout Harness (URH), which supports
up to 600 DC bias lines and 24 radio frequency (RF) channels consisting of
input and output coaxial cables, input attenuators and custom high dynamic
range 40K low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) on the output readout coaxial cable. Each
RF channel can read out up to 1000 TES detectors. In this paper, we will
present the design and characterization of the six URHs constructed for the
initial phase of SO deployment.


  The Helium-3 shortage and the growing interest in neutron science constitute
a driving factor in developing new neutron detection technologies. In this
work, we report the development of a double-GEM detector prototype that uses a
$^{10}$B$_4$C layer as a neutron converter material. GEANT4 simulations were
performed predicting an efficiency of 3.14(10) %, agreeing within 2.7 $\sigma$
with the experimental and analytic detection efficiencies obtained by the
detector when tested in a 41.8 meV thermal neutron beam. The detector is
position sensitive, equipped with a 256+256 strip readout connected to
resistive chains, and achieves a spatial resolution better than 3 mm. The gain
stability over time was also measured with a fluctuation of about 0.2 %h$^{-1}$
of the signal amplitude. A simple data acquisition with only 5 electronic
channels is sufficient to operate this detector.


  Privacy is a crucial concern in many systems in addition to their given
tasks. We consider a new notion of privacy based on beliefs of the system
states, which is closely related to opacity in discrete event systems. To
guarantee the privacy requirement, we propose to abstract the belief space
whose dynamics is shown to be mixed monotone where efficient abstraction
algorithm exists. Based on the abstraction, we propose two different approaches
to synthesize controllers of the system to preserve privacy with an
illustrative example.


  We study the hydrodynamic transport of electrons in a Weyl semimetal in a
strong magnetic field. Impurity scattering in a Weyl semimetal with two Weyl
nodes is strongly anisotropic as a function of the direction of the field and
is significantly suppressed if the field is perpendicular to the separation
between the nodes in momentum space. This allows for convenient access to the
hydrodynamic regime of transport, in which electron scattering is dominated by
interactions rather than by impurities. In a strong magnetic field, electrons
move predominantly parallel to the direction of the field, and the flow of the
electron liquid in a Weyl-semimetal junction resembles the Poiseuille flow of a
liquid in a pipe. We compute the viscosity of the Weyl liquid microscopically
and find that it weakly depends on the magnetic field and has the temperature
dependence $\eta(T)\propto T^2$. The hydrodynamic flow of the Weyl liquid can
be generated by a temperature gradient. The hydrodynamic regime in a
Weyl-semimetal junction can be probed via the thermal conductance
$G_q(B,T)\propto B^2 T$ of the junction.


  Mass loss of red giant branch (RGB) stars is still poorly determined, despite
its crucial role in the chemical enrichment of galaxies. Thanks to the recent
detection of solar-like oscillations in G-K giants in open clusters with
Kepler, we can now directly determine stellar masses for a statistically
significant sample of stars in the old open clusters NGC6791 and NGC6819. The
aim of this work is to constrain the integrated RGB mass loss by comparing the
average mass of stars in the red clump (RC) with that of stars in the
low-luminosity portion of the RGB (i.e. stars with L <~ L(RC)). Stellar masses
were determined by combining the available seismic parameters numax and Dnu
with additional photometric constraints and with independent distance
estimates. We measured the masses of 40 stars on the RGB and 19 in the RC of
the old metal-rich cluster NGC6791. We find that the difference between the
average mass of RGB and RC stars is small, but significant (Delta M=0.09 +-
0.03 (random) +- 0.04 (systematic) Msun). Interestingly, such a small DeltaM
does not support scenarios of an extreme mass loss for this metal-rich cluster.
If we describe the mass-loss rate with Reimers' prescription, a first
comparison with isochrones suggests that the observed DeltaM is compatible with
a mass-loss efficiency parameter in the range 0.1 <~ eta <~ 0.3. Less stringent
constraints on the RGB mass-loss rate are set by the analysis of the ~ 2
Gyr-old NGC6819, largely due to the lower mass loss expected for this cluster,
and to the lack of an independent and accurate distance determination. In the
near future, additional constraints from frequencies of individual pulsation
modes and spectroscopic effective temperatures, will allow further stringent
tests of the Dnu and numax scaling relations, which provide a novel, and
potentially very accurate, means of determining stellar radii and masses.


  We investigate the impact of multiple primary users (PUs) and fading on the
spectrum sensing of a classical energy detector (ED). Specifically, we present
novel closed-form expressions for the false-alarm and detection probabilities
in a multiple PUs environment, assuming Nakagami-m fading and complex Gaussian
PUs transmitted signals. The results reveal the importance of taking into
consideration the wireless environment, when evaluating the ED spectrum sensing
performance and selecting the ED threshold.


  We prove several interpolation results for holomorphic Legendrian curves
lying in an odd dimensional complex Euclidean space with the standard contact
structure. In particular, we show that an arbitrary countable set of points in
$\mathbb{C}^{2n+1}$ lies on an injectively immersed isotropic surface with a
prescribed complex structure. If the set has no accumulation points, the
surface may be taken properly embedded. We also prove a Carleman-type theorem
for holomorphic Legendrian curves with interpolation. Namely, a Legendrian
curve, defined on a certain type of unbounded closed set in a given open
Riemann surface $\mathcal{R}$, may be approximated in the
$\mathcal{C}^0$-topology by an entire Legendrian curve with prescribed
finite-order Taylor polynomials at a closed discrete set of points in
$\mathcal{R}$. Under suitable conditions, the approximating map may be made
into a proper embedding.


  The measurement of top quark spin correlation is an important tool for
precise studies of top quark interactions. In this letter I construct a
quantization axis maximizing the spin correlation at the LHC within the
Standard Model. Using this axis a spin correlation of 48% or even more, on
applying additional cuts, can be reached. This represents a significant
improvement compared to the helicity bases studied thus far.


  The quantum Gaussian optimizers conjecture says that q-p norm of a Bosonic
Gaussian channel is attained on "Gaussian" operators. Recently R.L. Frank and
E.H. Lieb confirmed the hypothesis in the case q=p for gauge-covariant channels
with arbitrary number of modes s [3]. In the present note we remark that in the
case q=p our results in [6] and [9] in fact allow to prove the hypothesis for
all Gaussian channels. Thus the condition of gauge covariance, rather crucial
in the case q=1,s>1, plays no role in the case q=p.


  Soft robotics, with their inherent flexibility and infinite degrees of
freedom (DoF), offer promising advancements in human-machine interfaces.
Particularly, pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) and pneumatic bending
actuators have been fundamental in driving this evolution, capitalizing on
their mimetic nature to natural muscle movements. However, with the versatility
of these actuators comes the intricate challenge of hysteresis - a nonlinear
phenomenon that hampers precise positioning, especially pronounced in pneumatic
actuators due to gas compressibility. In this study, we introduce a novel 2-DoF
adaptive control for precise bending tracking using a pneumatic continuum
actuator. Notably, our control method integrates adaptability into both the
feedback and the feedforward element, enhancing trajectory tracking in the
presence of profound nonlinear effects. Comparative analysis with existing
approaches underscores the superior tracking accuracy of our proposed strategy.
This work discusses a new way of simple yet effective control designs for soft
actuators with hysteresis properties.


  We examine the structure of Maxwell stress in binary fluid mixtures under an
external electric field and discuss its consequence. In particular, we show
that, in immiscible blends, it is intimately related to the statistics of
domain structure. This leads to a compact formula, which may be useful in the
investigation of electro-rheological effects in such systems. The stress tensor
calculated in a phase separated fluid under a steady electric field is in a
good agreement with recent experiments.


  ChatGPT is another large language model (LLM) vastly available for the
consumers on their devices but due to its performance and ability to converse
effectively, it has gained a huge popularity amongst research as well as
industrial community. Recently, many studies have been published to show the
effectiveness, efficiency, integration, and sentiments of chatGPT and other
LLMs. In contrast, this study focuses on the important aspects that are mostly
overlooked, i.e. sustainability, privacy, digital divide, and ethics and
suggests that not only chatGPT but every subsequent entry in the category of
conversational bots should undergo Sustainability, PrivAcy, Digital divide, and
Ethics (SPADE) evaluation. This paper discusses in detail the issues and
concerns raised over chatGPT in line with aforementioned characteristics. We
also discuss the recent EU AI Act briefly in accordance with the SPADE
evaluation. We support our hypothesis by some preliminary data collection and
visualizations along with hypothesized facts. We also suggest mitigations and
recommendations for each of the concerns. Furthermore, we also suggest some
policies and recommendations for EU AI policy act concerning ethics, digital
divide, and sustainability.


  Results of extensive computations of moments of the Riemann zeta function on
the critical line are presented. Calculated values are compared with
predictions motivated by random matrix theory. The results can help in deciding
between those and competing predictions. It is shown that for high moments and
at large heights, the variability of moment values over adjacent intervals is
substantial, even when those intervals are long, as long as a block containing
10^9 zeros near zero number 10^23. More than anything else, the variability
illustrates the limits of what one can learn about the zeta function from
numerical evidence.
  It is shown the rate of decline of extreme values of the moments is modelled
relatively well by power laws. Also, some long range correlations in the values
of the second moment, as well as asymptotic oscillations in the values of the
shifted fourth moment, are found.
  The computations described here relied on several representations of the zeta
function. The numerical comparison of their effectiveness that is presented is
of independent interest, for future large scale computations.


  English translation of a Russian article from 1928. Translator's abstract:
The article presents general considerations on the validity of the
superposition principle for light in vacuo from out a quantum theoretic point
of view. It contains a report on an optical experiment designed to detect the
phenomenon of photon-photon scattering. To understand the negative result of
the performed experiment, a consideration of the solar corona is undertaken in
order to derive an empirical upper limit on the photon-photon scattering rate.
Source details: S. I. Vavilov: Zamechaniya ob empiricheskoi tochnosti
opticheskogo printsipa superpozitsii. Zhurnal Russkogo Fiziko-Khimicheskogo
Obshchestva pri Leningradskom Universitete, Chast' Fizicheskaya [Journal of the
Russian Physico-Chemical Society at Leningrad University, Physical Part], Vol.
LX (1928) No. 6, pp. 555-563.


  5G has to fulfill the requirements of ultra-dense, scalable, and customizable
networks such as IoT while increasing spectrum and energy efficiency. Given the
diversity of envisaged applications and scenarios, one crucial property for 5G
New Radio (NR) is flexibility: flexible UL/DL allocation, bandwidths, or
scalable transmission time interval, and most importantly operation at
different frequency bands. In particular, 5G should exploit the spectral
opportunities in the unlicensed spectrum for expanding network capacity when
and where needed. However, unlicensed bands pose the challenge of "coexisting
networks", which mostly lack the means of communication for negotiation and
coordination. This deficiency is further exacerbated by the heterogeneity,
massive connectivity, and ubiquity of IoT systems and applications. Therefore,
5G needs to provide mechanisms to coexist and even converge in the unlicensed
bands. In that regard, WiFi, as the most prominent wireless technology in the
unlicensed bands, is both a key enabler for boosting 5G capacity and competitor
of 5G cellular networks for the shared unlicensed spectrum. In this work, we
describe spectrum sharing in 5G and present key coexistence solutions, mostly
in the context of WiFi. We also highlight the role of machine learning which is
envisaged to be critical for reaching coexistence and convergence goals by
providing the necessary intelligence and adaptation mechanisms.


  Magnetic and transport properties of (Pr1/3Sm2/3)2/3A1/3MnO3 (A = Ca, Sr and
Ba) compounds, prepared by the citrate gel route, have been investigated. These
compounds are found to crystallize in the orthorhombic structure. Charge
ordering transport behavior is indicated only in Ca-substituted compound. The
Sr- and Ba-substituted compounds show metal-insulator transition and
semiconducting-like behavior, respectively. The magnetoresistance is highest in
the Ba substituted compound. All the three samples show irreversibility in
magnetization as a function of temperature in zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field
cooled (FC) plots. The non-saturating magnetization, even at 5K and 4 Tesla
field, are observed in Ca as well Ba-substituted compounds.


  Let $G$ be a connected real reductive group with maximal compact subgroup $K$
of the same rank as $G$. In the recent paper of Huang, Pand\v{z}i\'{c} and
Vogan, it was shown that the admissible $\Theta$--stable parabolic subalgebras
$\mathfrak{q}$ of $\mathfrak{g}$ are in one-to-one correspodence with the faces
of $W \rho$ intersecting the $\mathfrak{k}$--dominant Weyl chamber and that
$A_{\mathfrak{q}}(0)$--modules can be classified by their Dirac cohomology in
geometric terms. They described in detail the cases when $\mathfrak{g}_0$ is of
type $A$, $B$, $F$ and $C$ except for $\mathfrak{g}_0 = \mathfrak{sp}(2n,
\mathbb{R})$. We will describe faces corresponding to
$A_{\mathfrak{q}}(0)$--modules for $\mathfrak{g}_0 = \mathfrak{sp}(2n,
\mathbb{R})$ and for $\mathfrak{g}_0$ of type $D$ and $G_2$.


  A new mechanism is presented for the generation of quark and lepton masses,
based on a heavy fourth family and a new sector of massless fermions. The
massless fermions have only discrete chiral symmetries and they are confined by
the metacolor force. The resulting electroweak corrections may be smaller than
in technicolor theories.


  Deep classifiers have achieved great success in visual recognition. However,
real-world data is long-tailed by nature, leading to the mismatch between
training and testing distributions. In this report, we introduce Balanced
Activation (Balanced Softmax and Balanced Sigmoid), an elegant unbiased, and
simple extension of Sigmoid and Softmax activation function, to accommodate the
label distribution shift between training and testing in object detection. We
derive the generalization bound for multiclass Softmax regression and show our
loss minimizes the bound. In our experiments, we demonstrate that Balanced
Activation generally provides ~3% gain in terms of mAP on LVIS-1.0 and
outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods without introducing any extra
parameters.


  Sharp-momentum transition matrix elements for scattering from a short-range
Gaussian potential are computed using a real-time path integral. The
computation is based on a numerical implementation of a new interpretation of
the path integral as the expectation of a potential functional with respect to
a complex probability distribution on cylinder sets of paths. The method is
closely related to a unitary transfer matrix computation.


  Given any compact Riemann surface $C$, there is a canonical meromorphic
2--form $\widehat\eta$ on $C\times C$, with pole of order two on the diagonal
$\Delta\, \subset\, C\times C$, constructed in \cite{cfg}. This meromorphic
2--form $\widehat\eta$ produces a canonical projective structure on $C$. On the
other hand the uniformization theorem provides another canonical projective
structure on any compact Riemann surface $C$. We prove that these two
projective structures differ in general. This is done by comparing the
$(0,1)$--component of the differential of the corresponding sections of the
moduli space of projective structures over the moduli space of curves. The
$(0,1)$--component of the differential of the section corresponding to the
projective structure given by the uniformization theorem was computed by Zograf
and Takhtadzhyan in \cite{ZT} as the Weil--Petersson K\"ahler form
$\omega_{wp}$ on the moduli space of curves. We prove that the
$(0,1)$--component of the differential of the section of the moduli space of
projective structures corresponding to $\widehat{\eta}$ is the pullback of a
nonzero constant scalar multiple of the Siegel form, on the moduli space of
principally polarized abelian varieties, by the Torelli map.


  Let $G$ be a higher-rank semisimple Lie group over a nonarchimedean local
field, for example $G={\rm PGL}(n,Q_P)$. To any lattice $L$ in $G$ there is an
associated simplicial complex $B_L$, given by the quotient by $L$ of the
Bruhat-Tits building associated to $G$. In this paper prove that the simplicial
structure $B_L$ exhibits some remarkable and extremal symmetry properties, in
particular when compared to any other simplicial structure on (any cover of)
$B_L$.


  A semigroup $S$ is called a permutable semigroup if $\alpha \circ \beta
=\beta \circ \alpha$ is satified for all congruences $\alpha$ and $\beta$ of
$S$. A semigroup is called a Putcha semigroup if it is a semilattice of
archimedean semigroups. In this paper we deal with finite permutable Putcha
semigroups. We describe the finite permutable archimedean semigroups and finite
permutable semigroups which are semilattices of a group and a nilpotent
semigroup.


  Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained huge attention as a potential
energy-efficient alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
due to their inherent high-sparsity activation. Recently, SNNs with
backpropagation through time (BPTT) have achieved a higher accuracy result on
image recognition tasks than other SNN training algorithms. Despite the success
from the algorithm perspective, prior works neglect the evaluation of the
hardware energy overheads of BPTT due to the lack of a hardware evaluation
platform for this SNN training algorithm. Moreover, although SNNs have long
been seen as an energy-efficient counterpart of ANNs, a quantitative comparison
between the training cost of SNNs and ANNs is missing. To address the
aforementioned issues, in this work, we introduce SATA (Sparsity-Aware Training
Accelerator), a BPTT-based training accelerator for SNNs. The proposed SATA
provides a simple and re-configurable systolic-based accelerator architecture,
which makes it easy to analyze the training energy for BPTT-based SNN training
algorithms. By utilizing the sparsity, SATA increases its computation energy
efficiency by $5.58 \times$ compared to the one without using sparsity. Based
on SATA, we show quantitative analyses of the energy efficiency of SNN training
and compare the training cost of SNNs and ANNs. The results show that, on
Eyeriss-like systolic-based architecture, SNNs consume $1.27\times$ more total
energy with sparsities when compared to ANNs. We find that such high training
energy cost is from time-repetitive convolution operations and data movements
during backpropagation. Moreover, to propel the future SNN training algorithm
design, we provide several observations on energy efficiency for different
SNN-specific training parameters and propose an energy estimation framework for
SNN training. Code for our framework is made publicly available.


  We explore the connection between tree-level Dirac neutrino masses and axion
physics in a scenario where the PQ symmetry enforces lepton number conservation
perturbatively. Requiring that the PQ scale $f_a$ is the only heavy scale to
play a role in neutrino mass generation, we are led to the construction of a
KSVZ-type model where Dirac neutrino masses are inversely proportional to
$f_a$, provided a real scalar triplet (zero hypercharge) is added to the SM
scalar sector. We analyse this extended scalar sector, focusing on the
stabilisation of the electroweak vacuum. The contribution of the triplet VEV to
the $W$ mass may also be responsible for the recent hint of beyond-the-SM
physics by the CDF collaboration.


  Graph algorithms are at the heart of several applications, and achieving high
performance with them has become critical due to the tremendous growth of
irregular data. However, irregular algorithms are quite challenging to
parallelize automatically, due to access patterns influenced by the input
graph, which is unavailable until execution. Former research has addressed this
issue by designing domain-specific languages (DSLs) for graph algorithms, which
restrict generality but allow efficient code-generation for various backends.
Such DSLs are, however, too rigid, and do not adapt to changes in backends or
to input graph properties or to both. We narrate our experiences in making an
existing DSL, named Falcon, adaptive. The biggest challenge in the process is
to not change the DSL code for specifying the algorithm. We illustrate the
effectiveness of our proposal by auto-generating codes for vertex-based versus
edge-based graph processing, synchronous versus asynchronous execution, and CPU
versus GPU backends from the same specification.


  The Hybrid Minimum Principle (HMP) is established for the optimal control of
deterministic hybrid systems with both autonomous and controlled switchings and
jumps where state jumps at the switching instants are permitted to be
accompanied by changes in the dimension of the state space. First order
variational analysis is performed via the needle variation methodology and the
necessary optimality conditions are established in the form of the HMP. A
feature of special interest in this work is the explicit presentations of
boundary conditions on the Hamiltonians and the adjoint processes before and
after switchings and jumps. In addition to an analytic example, the HMP results
are illustrated for the optimal control of an electric vehicle with
transmission, where the modelling of the powertrain requires the consideration
of both autonomous and controlled switchings accompanied by dimension changes.


  We use Lattice QCD calculations of fluctuations and correlations of various
conserved charges to show that the deconfinement of strangeness takes place in
the chiral crossover region of QCD; however, inside the quark-gluon plasma
strange quarks remain strongly interacting at least up to temperatures twice
the QCD crossover temperature. Further, we discuss how the freeze-out
parameters of heavy-ion collisions can be determined in a model-independent way
through direct comparisons between experimentally measured higher order
cumulants of conserved charges and corresponding Lattice QCD calculations.
Utilizing the preliminary data from the STAR and PHENIX experiments we
illustrate this method. Although, the Lattice QCD based determinations of the
freeze-out parameters utilizing data sets of different experiments and
different observables are currently not consistent with each other, it is
tantalizing to see that all the observed freeze-out parameters lie very close
to the chiral/deconfinement crossover region of QCD.


  We examine properties of small-radius jets, focusing on phenomenological
applications to the inclusive jet spectrum. We match fixed-order calculations
with the leading-logarithmic resummation of the jet radius (LL$_R$), and
propose a new prescription to evaluate theoretical uncertainties for
next-to-leading order (NLO) predictions. We also examine the $R$-dependent
next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) corrections, and include them in our
calculation. We discuss hadronisation corrections, which are derived from Monte
Carlo generators. Finally, we assemble these elements and compare the ratio of
the inclusive jet spectra at two $R$ values obtained from our matched
(N)NLO+LL$_R$ predictions to data from ALICE and ATLAS, finding improved
agreement.


  We present four classes of nonlinear systems which may be considered discrete
analogues of the Garnier system. These systems arise as discrete isomonodromic
deformations of systems of linear difference equations in which the associated
Lax matrices are presented in a factored form. A system of discrete
isomonodromic deformations is completely determined by commutation relations
between the factors. We also reparameterize these systems in terms of the image
and kernel vectors at singular points to obtain a separate birational form. A
distinguishing feature of this study is the presence of a symmetry condition on
the associated linear problems that only appears as a necessary feature of the
Lax pairs for the least degenerate discrete Painlev\'e equations.


  A complete parametric analysis of dynamic regimes of a conceptual model of
anti-tumor virus therapy is presented. The role and limitations of mass-action
kinetics are discussed. A functional response, which is a function of the ratio
of uninfected to infected tumor cells, is proposed to describe the spread of
the virus infection in the tumor. One of the main mathematical features of
ratio-dependent models is that the origin is a complicated equilibrium point
whose characteristics crucially determine the main properties of the model. It
is shown that, in a certain area of parameter values, the trajectories of the
model form a family of homoclinics to the origin (so-called elliptic sector).
Biologically, this means that both infected and uninfected tumor cells can be
eliminated with time, and complete recovery is possible as a result of the
virus therapy within the framework of deterministic models


  Shortly after its discovery, General Relativity (GR) was applied to predict
the behavior of our Universe on the largest scales, and later became the
foundation of modern cosmology. Its validity has been verified on a range of
scales and environments from the Solar system to merging black holes. However,
experimental confirmations of GR on cosmological scales have so far lacked the
accuracy one would hope for -- its applications on those scales being largely
based on extrapolation and its validity sometimes questioned in the shadow of
the unexpected cosmic acceleration. Future astronomical instruments surveying
the distribution and evolution of galaxies over substantial portions of the
observable Universe, such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI),
will be able to measure the fingerprints of gravity and their statistical power
will allow strong constraints on alternatives to GR.
  In this paper, based on a set of $N$-body simulations and mock galaxy
catalogs, we study the predictions of a number of traditional and novel
estimators beyond linear redshift distortions in two well-studied modified
gravity models, chameleon $f(R)$ gravity and a braneworld model, and the
potential of testing these deviations from GR using DESI. These estimators
employ a wide array of statistical properties of the galaxy and the underlying
dark matter field, including two-point and higher-order statistics,
environmental dependence, redshift space distortions and weak lensing. We find
that they hold promising power for testing GR to unprecedented precision. The
major future challenge is to make realistic, simulation-based mock galaxy
catalogs for both GR and alternative models to fully exploit the statistic
power of the DESI survey and to better understand the impact of key systematic
effects. Using these, we identify future simulation and analysis needs for
gravity tests using DESI.


  In the early days of machine learning (ML), the emphasis was on developing
complex algorithms to achieve best predictive performance. To understand and
explain the model results, one had to rely on post hoc explainability
techniques, which are known to have limitations. Recently, with the recognition
that interpretability is just as important, researchers are compromising on
small increases in predictive performance to develop algorithms that are
inherently interpretable. While doing so, the ML community has rediscovered the
use of low-order functional ANOVA (fANOVA) models that have been known in the
statistical literature for some time. This paper starts with a description of
challenges with post hoc explainability and reviews the fANOVA framework with a
focus on main effects and second-order interactions. This is followed by an
overview of two recently developed techniques: Explainable Boosting Machines or
EBM (Lou et al., 2013) and GAMI-Net (Yang et al., 2021b). The paper proposes a
new algorithm, called GAMI-Lin-T, that also uses trees like EBM, but it does
linear fits instead of piecewise constants within the partitions. There are
many other differences, including the development of a new interaction
filtering algorithm. Finally, the paper uses simulated and real datasets to
compare selected ML algorithms. The results show that GAMI-Lin-T and GAMI-Net
have comparable performances, and both are generally better than EBM.


  A family of sets is $r$-wise agreeing if for any $r$ sets from the family
there is an element $x$ that is either contained in all or contained in none of
the $r$ sets. The study of such families is motivated by questions in discrete
optimization. In this paper, we determine the size of the largest non-trivial
$r$-wise agreeing family. This can be seen as a generalization of the classical
Brace-Daykin theorem.


  Motivated by cosmological first-order phase transitions we examine the
nucleation and evolution of vacuum bubbles in non-vacuum environments.
Non-standard backgrounds can be relevant in the context of rapid tunneling
processes on the landscape. Utilising complex time methods, we show that
tunneling rates can be notably modified in the case of dynamical FRW
backgrounds. We give a classification of the importance of the effect in terms
of the relevant dynamical time scales. For both the bubble nucleation and
evolution analysis we make use of the thin-wall approximation. From the
classical bubble evolution on homogeneous matter backgrounds via the junction
method, we find that the inflation of vacuum bubbles is very sensitive to the
presence of ambient matter and quantify this statement. We also employ
inhomogeneous matter models (LTB) and models that undergo a rapid phase
transition (FRW) as a background and discuss in which cases potentially
observable imprints on the bubble trajectory can remain.


  A methodology for forming a qubit state is essential for quantum applications
of room temperature polaritons. While polarization degree of freedom is
expected as a possible means for this purpose, the coupling of linearly
polarized polariton condensed states has been still a challenging issue. In
this study, we show a polarization superposition of a polariton condensed
states in an all-inorganic perovskite microcavity at room temperature. We
realized the energy resonance of the two orthogonally polarized polariton modes
with the same number of antinodes by exploiting the blue shift of the polariton
condensed state. The polarization coupling between the condensed states results
in a polarization switching in the polariton lasing emission. The orthorhombic
crystal structure of the perovskite active layer and/or a slight off-axis
orientation of the perovskite crystal axis from the normal direction of
microcavity plane enable the interaction between the two orthogonally polarized
states. These observations demonstrate a great promise of polariton as a room
temperature qubit technology.


  We study the electroweak properties of ground state octet baryons in a
relativistic quark-spectator-diquark model, with light-front formalism applied
to take relativistic effects into account. Our model provides a consistent
picture of the electroweak properties of the ground state octet baryons in the
low momentum transfer region. The Melosh-Wigner rotation is applied as the
transformation relation between spinors in the instant form and front form.
Numerical results are presented for the magnetic moments, weak transition
charges and Sachs form factors. Our results are in good agreement with
experimental measurements and other theoretical results.


  The magnetic proximity effect (MPE), ferromagnetic coupling at the interface
of magnetically dissimilar layers, attracts much attention as a promising
pathway for introducing ferromagnetism into a high-mobility non-magnetic
conducting channel. Recently, our group found giant proximity magnetoresistance
(PMR), which is caused by MPE at an interface between a non-magnetic
semiconductor InAs quantum well (QW) layer and a ferromagnetic semiconductor
(Ga,Fe)Sb layer. The MPE in the non-magnetic semiconductor can be modulated by
applying a gate voltage and controlling the penetration of the electron
wavefunction in the InAs QW into the neighboring insulating ferromagnetic
(Ga,Fe)Sb layer. However, optimal conditions to obtain strong MPE at the
InAs/(Ga,Fe)Sb interface have not been clarified. In this paper, we
systematically investigate the PMR properties of In1-xGaxAs (x = 0%, 5%, 7.5%,
and 10%) / (Ga,Fe)Sb bilayer semiconductor heterostructures under a wide range
of gate voltage. The inclusion of Ga alters the electronic structures of the
InAs thin film, in particular changing the effective mass and the QW potential
of electron carriers. Our experimental results and theoretical analysis of the
PMR in these In1-xGaxAs/(Ga,Fe)Sb heterostructures show that the MPE depends
not only on the degree of penetration of the electron wavefunction into
(Ga,Fe)Sb but also on the electron density. These findings help us to unveil
the microscopic mechanism of MPE in semiconductor-based
non-magnetic/ferromagnetic heterojunctions.


  Mn doping in dilute III-V alloys has been examined as a route to enhance
ferromagnetic stability. Strong valence band bowing is expected at the dilute
limit, implying a strong modification of the ferromagnetic stability upon
alloying, with even an increase in some cases. Using first principle electronic
structure calculations we show that while codoping with a group V anion
enhances the ferromagnetic stability in some cases when the effects of
relaxation of the lattice are not considered, strong impurity scattering in the
relaxed structure result in a reduction of the ferromagnetic stability.


  The recent development of online static map element (a.k.a. HD map)
construction algorithms has raised a vast demand for data with ground truth
annotations. However, available public datasets currently cannot provide
high-quality training data regarding consistency and accuracy. For instance,
the manual labelled (low efficiency) nuScenes still contains misalignment and
inconsistency between the HD maps and images (e.g., around 8.03 pixels
reprojection error on average). To this end, we present CAMAv2: a
vision-centric approach for Consistent and Accurate Map Annotation. Without
LiDAR inputs, our proposed framework can still generate high-quality 3D
annotations of static map elements. Specifically, the annotation can achieve
high reprojection accuracy across all surrounding cameras and is
spatial-temporal consistent across the whole sequence. We apply our proposed
framework to the popular nuScenes dataset to provide efficient and highly
accurate annotations. Compared with the original nuScenes static map element,
our CAMAv2 annotations achieve lower reprojection errors (e.g., 4.96 vs. 8.03
pixels). Models trained with annotations from CAMAv2 also achieve lower
reprojection errors (e.g., 5.62 vs. 8.43 pixels).


  Interaction of nonrelativistic electrons with a standing electromagnetic wave
is considered. The modulation amplitude of an electron current in the field of
a standing or traveling electromagnetic wave is calculated in the quantum
approach.


  In nonlinear panel data models, fixed effects methods are often criticized
because they cannot identify average marginal effects (AMEs) in short panels.
The common argument is that identifying AMEs requires knowledge of the
distribution of unobserved heterogeneity, but this distribution is not
identified in a fixed effects model with a short panel. In this paper, we
derive identification results that contradict this argument. In a panel data
dynamic logit model, and for $T$ as small as three, we prove the point
identification of different AMEs, including causal effects of changes in the
lagged dependent variable or the last choice's duration. Our proofs are
constructive and provide simple closed-form expressions for the AMEs in terms
of probabilities of choice histories. We illustrate our results using Monte
Carlo experiments and with an empirical application of a dynamic structural
model of consumer brand choice with state dependence.


  Process-aware Recommender systems can provide critical decision support
functionality to aid business process execution by recommending what actions to
take next. Based on recent advances in the field of deep learning, we present a
novel memory-augmented neural network (MANN) based approach for constructing a
process-aware recommender system. We propose a novel network architecture,
namely Write-Protected Dual Controller Memory-Augmented Neural Network
(DCw-MANN), for building prescriptive models. To evaluate the feasibility and
usefulness of our approach, we consider three real-world datasets and show that
our approach leads to better performance on several baselines for the task of
suffix recommendation and next task prediction.


  We analyze flat FRW cosmologies and hyperscaling-violating geometries by
emphasizing the analytic continuation between them and their scale covariance.
We exhibit two main calculations where this point of view is useful. First,
based on the scale covariance, we show that the structure of higher curvature
corrections to Einstein's equation is very simple. Second, in the context of
accelerated FRW cosmologies, also known as Q-space, we begin by calculating the
Bunch-Davies wavefunctional for a massless scalar field and considering its
interpretation as a generating functional of correlation functions of a
holographic dual. We use this to conjecture a Q-space/QFT duality, a natural
extension of dS/CFT, and argue that the Euclidean dual theory violates
hyperscaling. This proposal, when extended to epochs in our own cosmological
history like matter or radiation domination, suggests a holographically dual
description via RG phases which violate hyperscaling. We further use the
wavefunctional to compute Anninos-Denef overlaps and show that the ultrametric
structure discovered for de Sitter becomes sharper in accelerated FRW
cosmologies as the acceleration slows. The substitution $d -->
d_{eff}=d-\theta$ permeates and illuminates the discussion of wavefunctionals
and overlaps in FRW cosmologies, allowing one to predict the sharpened
structure. We try to find an alternate manifestation of this ultrametric
structure by studying the connection of the $\theta --> -\infty$ background to
little string theory.


  In this paper, we study the discrete Morse flow for the Ricci flow on
football, which is the 2-sphere with removed north and south poles and with the
metric $g_0$ of constant scalar curvature, and and for Porous media equation on
a bounded regular domain in the plane. We show that with a suitable assumption
about $g(0)$ we have a weak approximated discrete Morse flow for the
approximated Ricci flow and Porous media equation on any time intervals.


  We report the discovery of the scattered emission from a hidden broad-line
region (BLR) in a Seyfert 2 galaxy, Mrk 573, based on our recent
spectropolarimetric observation performed at the Subaru Telescope. This object
has been regarded as a type 2 AGN without a hidden BLR by the previous
observations. However, our high quality spectrum of the polarized flux of Mrk
573 shows prominent broad (~3000 km/s) H_alpha emission, broad weak H_beta
emission, and subtle Fe II multiplet emission. Our new detection of these
indications for the presence of the hidden BLR in the nucleus of Mrk 573 is
thought to be owing to the high signal-to-noise ratio of our data, but the
possibility of a time variation of the scattered BLR emission is also
mentioned. Some diagnostic quantities such as the IRAS color, the radio power,
and the line ratio of the emission from the narrow-line region of Mrk 573 are
consistent with the distributions of such quantities of type 2 AGNs with a
hidden BLR. Mrk 573 is thought to be an object whose level of the AGN activity
is the weakest among the type 2 AGNs with a hidden BLR. In terms of the
systematic differences between the type 2 AGNs with and without a hidden BLR,
we briefly comment on an interesting Seyfert 2 galaxy, Mrk 266SW, which may
possess a hidden BLR but has been treated as a type 2 AGNs without a hidden
BLR.


  Deep learning-based methods have achieved encouraging performances in the
field of magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction. Nevertheless, to
properly learn a powerful and robust model, these methods generally require
large quantities of data, the collection of which from multiple centers may
cause ethical and data privacy violation issues. Lately, federated learning has
served as a promising solution to exploit multi-center data while getting rid
of the data transfer between institutions. However, high heterogeneity exists
in the data from different centers, and existing federated learning methods
tend to use average aggregation methods to combine the client's information,
which limits the performance and generalization capability of the trained
models. In this paper, we propose a Model-based Federated learning framework
(ModFed). ModFed has three major contributions: 1) Different from the existing
data-driven federated learning methods, model-driven neural networks are
designed to relieve each client's dependency on large data; 2) An adaptive
dynamic aggregation scheme is proposed to address the data heterogeneity issue
and improve the generalization capability and robustness the trained neural
network models; 3) A spatial Laplacian attention mechanism and a personalized
client-side loss regularization are introduced to capture the detailed
information for accurate image reconstruction. ModFed is evaluated on three
in-vivo datasets. Experimental results show that ModFed has strong capability
in improving image reconstruction quality and enforcing model generalization
capability when compared to the other five state-of-the-art federated learning
approaches. Codes will be made available at
https://github.com/ternencewu123/ModFed.


  The lack, due to privacy concerns, of large public databases of medical
pathologies is a well-known and major problem, substantially hindering the
application of deep learning techniques in this field. In this article, we
investigate the possibility to supply to the deficiency in the number of data
by means of data augmentation techniques, working on the recent Kvasir dataset
of endoscopical images of gastrointestinal diseases. The dataset comprises
4,000 colored images labeled and verified by medical endoscopists, covering a
few common pathologies at different anatomical landmarks: Z-line, pylorus and
cecum. We show how the application of data augmentation techniques allows to
achieve sensible improvements of the classification with respect to previous
approaches, both in terms of precision and recall.


  An indispensable step to understand collective magnetic phenomena in
rare-earth compounds is the determination of spatially-anisotropic single-ion
properties resulting from spin-orbit coupling and crystal field (CF). The CF
Hamiltonian has a discrete energy spectrum -- accessible to spectroscopic
probes such as neutron scattering -- controlled by a number of independent
parameters reflecting the point-symmetry of the magnetic sites. Determining
these parameters in low-symmetry systems is often challenging. Here, we
describe a general method to analyze CF excitation spectra using adjustable
effective point-charges. We benchmark our method to existing neutron-scattering
measurements on pyrochlore rare-earth oxides and obtain a universal
point-charge model that describes a large family of related materials. We adapt
this model to the newly discovered tripod Kagome magnets
($R_{3}$Mg$_2$Sb$_{3}$O$_{14}$, $R$ = Tb, Ho, Er, Yb) for which we report
broadband inelastic neutron-scattering spectra. Analysis of these data using
adjustable point-charges yields the CF wave-functions for each compound. From
this, we calculate thermomagnetic properties that accurately reflect our
measurements on powder samples, and predict the effective gyromagnetic tensor
for pseudo-spin degrees of freedom -- a crucial step to understand the exotic
collective properties of these kagome magnets at low temperature. We present
further applications of our method to other tripod kagome materials and
triangular rare-earth compounds $R$MgGaO$_4$ ($R$ =Yb, Tm). Overall, this study
establishes a widely applicable methodology to predict CF and single-ion
properties of rare-earth compounds based on interpretable and adjustable models
of effective point-charges.


  Strong electronic nematic fluctuations have been discovered near optimal
doping for several families of Fe-based superconductors, motivating the search
for a possible link between these fluctuations, nematic quantum criticality,
and high temperature superconductivity. Here we probe a key prediction of
quantum criticality, namely power law dependence of the associated nematic
susceptibility as a function of composition and temperature approaching the
compositionally-tuned putative quantum critical point. To probe the 'bare'
quantum critical point requires suppression of the superconducting state, which
we achieve by using large magnetic fields, up to 45 T, while performing
elastoresistivity measurements to follow the nematic susceptibility. We
performed these measurements for the prototypical electron-doped pnictide,
Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$, over a dense comb of dopings. We find that
close to the putative quantum critical point, the nematic susceptibility
appears to obey power law behavior over almost a decade of variation in
composition, consistent with basic notions of nematic quantum criticality.
Paradoxically, however, we also find that the temperature dependence for
compositions close to the critical value cannot be described by a single power
law. This is surprising as power law scaling in both doping and temperature is
expected close to a quantum critical point.


  We investigate the consequences of replacing the continuous flavour symmetry
of minimal flavour violation by a discrete group. Goldstone bosons, resulting
from the breaking of the continuous flavour symmetry, generically lead to
bounds on new flavour structure by many orders of magnitude above the
TeV-scale. The absence of Goldstone bosons for discrete symmetries constitutes
the primary motivation of our work. The four crystal-like groups Sigma(168),
Sigma(72phi), Sigma(216phi) and Sigma(360phi)$ provide enough protection for a
discrete TeV-scale MFV scenario in the case where Delta F = 2 processes are
generated by two subsequent Delta F = 1 transitions.


  This paper presents an analysis on nonstandard generalized Hopf bifurcation
in a class of switched systems where the lost of stability of linearized
systems is not due to the crossing of their complex conjugate eigenvalues but
relevant to the switching laws between the subslystems. Thus is remarkably
different from the mechanism of the Hopf bifurcation and the generalized Hopf
bifurcation studied in the literature.


  When stochastic dominance $F\leq_{st}G$ does not hold, we can improve
agreement to stochastic order by suitably trimming both distributions. In this
work we consider the $L_2-$Wasserstein distance, $\mathcal W_2$, to stochastic
order of these trimmed versions. Our characterization for that distance
naturally leads to consider a $\mathcal W_2$-based index of disagreement with
stochastic order, $\varepsilon_{\mathcal W_2}(F,G)$. We provide asymptotic
results allowing to test $H_0: \varepsilon_{\mathcal W_2}(F,G)\geq
\varepsilon_0$ vs $H_a: \varepsilon_{\mathcal W_2}(F,G)<\varepsilon_0$, that,
under rejection, would give statistical guarantee of almost stochastic
dominance. We include a simulation study showing a good performance of the
index under the normal model.


  Vector field analysis is presented for a highly overmoded iris-line structure
that can act as a medium of transportation for THz radiation. The axisymmetric
structure is capable of supporting hybrid modes with desirable features such as
low propagation loss, uniformly linear polarization and approximately-Gaussian
intensity profile across the iris. A specific application that can benefit from
these features is the transportation of THz undulator radiation over hundreds
of meters to reach the experimental halls at the LCLS facility, SLAC, Stanford.
Such a structure has been modelled before as a boundary-value problem using
Vainstein's impedance boundary condition and assuming infinitely-thin screens.
Given that physical realizations of such screens must have finite thickness and
that the THz wavelength in the 3-15 THz range is expected to be smaller than
convenient screen thicknesses in practice, the question of the impact of finite
screen thickness on propagation performance becomes rather pressing. To address
this question, we present a mode-matching analysis of the structure, with
finite screen thickness and perturbatively clustered (localized) field
expansions, for computational feasibility. The effect of screen thickness is
seen to lower the attenuation constant on the iris line, which is dominated by
diffraction loss. The propagation loss predictions based on the Vainstein-model
are compared with the numerical results from mode-matching for infinitely-thin
screens, where the former method is observed to agree with the numerical
results better at higher Fresnel numbers (highly-overmoded structures). The
properties of the dominant mode fields are formally derived from first
principles and a recommended approach is discussed for the inclusion of
screen-thickness effects into propagation loss estimations.


  In this technical report, we present the top-performing LiDAR-only solutions
for 3D detection, 3D tracking and domain adaptation three tracks in Waymo Open
Dataset Challenges 2020. Our solutions for the competition are built upon our
recent proposed PV-RCNN 3D object detection framework. Several variants of our
PV-RCNN are explored, including temporal information incorporation, dynamic
voxelization, adaptive training sample selection, classification with RoI
features, etc. A simple model ensemble strategy with non-maximum-suppression
and box voting is adopted to generate the final results. By using only LiDAR
point cloud data, our models finally achieve the 1st place among all LiDAR-only
methods, and the 2nd place among all multi-modal methods, on the 3D Detection,
3D Tracking and Domain Adaptation three tracks of Waymo Open Dataset
Challenges. Our solutions will be available at
https://github.com/open-mmlab/OpenPCDet


  For an $r$-graph $H$, the anti-Ramsey number ${\rm ar}(n,r,H)$ is the minimum
number $c$ of colors such that for any edge-coloring of the complete $r$-graph
on $n$ vertices with at least $c$ colors, there is a copy of $H$ whose edges
have distinct colors. A 2-graph $F$ is doubly edge-$p$-critical if the
chromatic number $\chi(F - e)\geq p$ for every edge $e$ in $F$ and there exist
two edges $e_1,e_2$ in $F$ such that $\chi(F -e_1- e_2)=p-1$. The anti-Ramsey
numbers of doubly edge-$p$-critical 2-graphs were determined by Jiang and
Pikhurko \cite{Jiang&Pikhurko2009}, which generalized the anti-Ramsey numbers
of cliques determined by Erd\H{o}s, Simonovits and S\'{o}s
\cite{Erdos&Simonovits&Sos1975}. In general, few exact values of anti-Ramsey
numbers of $r$-graphs are known for $r\geq 3$. Given a 2-graph $F$, the
expansion $F^{(r)}$ of $F$ is an $r$-graph on $|V(F)|+(r-2)|F|$ vertices
obtained from $F$ by adding $r-2$ new vertices to each edge of $F$. In this
paper, we determine the exact value of ${\rm ar}(n,r,F^{(r)})$ for any doubly
edge-$p$-critical 2-graph $F$ with $p>r\geq 3$ and sufficiently large $n$.


  We present the first results of a multi-wavelength survey, incoporating
Herschel-SPIRE, Spitzer, GALEX and ATCA observations, of a 1 deg x 1 deg field
centred on Centaurus A. As well as detecting the inner lobes of the active
galactic nucleus (AGN) jet and counterjet, we have found two clouds, bright at
sub-mm wavelengths, ~15 kpc from the centre of Cen A that are co-aligned with
the jets. Flux measurements at Herschel wavelengths have proved vital in
constraining fits to the Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs). The clouds are
well fit by a single-temperature, modified blackbody spectrum (beta=2)
indicating that we are looking at two cold dust clouds on the outskirts of Cen
A. The temperature and masses of the clouds are: T_{north} = 12.6^{+1.1}_{-1.2}
K, T_{south} = 15.1^{+1.7}_{-1.6} K; log(M_{north} / M_o) = 5.8^{+0.2}_{-0.2},
log(M_{south} / M_o) = 5.6^{+0.2}_{-0.2} and the gas-dust ratio for both clouds
is ~100. The measured values for the northern dust cloud are consistent with
previous measurements from ISO while the southern cloud is a new sub-mm
detection. The two dust clouds are located at the termini of the partial HI
ring that surrounds Cen A which is also where the gas column density peaks...
abridged


  We prove absence of absolutely continuous spectrum for discrete
one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators on the whole line with certain ergodic
potentials, $V_\omega(n) = f(T^n(\omega))$, where $T$ is an ergodic
transformation acting on a space $\Omega$ and $f: \Omega \to \R$. The key
hypothesis, however, is that $f$ is discontinuous. In particular, we are able
to settle a conjecture of Aubry and Jitomirskaya--Mandel'shtam regarding
potentials generated by irrational rotations on the torus.
  The proof relies on a theorem of Kotani, which shows that non-deterministic
potentials give rise to operators that have no absolutely continuous spectrum.


  This paper reports on H-band interferometric observations of Betelgeuse made
at the three-telescope interferometer IOTA. We image Betelgeuse and its
asymmetries to understand the spatial variation of the photosphere, including
its diameter, limb darkening, effective temperature, surrounding brightness,
and bright (or dark) star spots. We used different theoretical simulations of
the photosphere and dusty environment to model the visibility data. We made
images with parametric modeling and two image reconstruction algorithms: MIRA
and WISARD. We measure an average limb-darkened diameter of 44.28 +/- 0.15 mas
with linear and quadratic models and a Rosseland diameter of 45.03 +/- 0.12 mas
with a MARCS model. These measurements lead us to derive an updated effective
temperature of 3600 +/- 66 K. We detect a fully-resolved environment to which
the silicate dust shell is likely to contribute. By using two imaging
reconstruction algorithms, we unveiled two bright spots on the surface of
Betelgeuse. One spot has a diameter of about 11 mas and accounts for about 8.5%
of the total flux. The second one is unresolved (diameter < 9 mas) with 4.5% of
the total flux. Resolved images of Betelgeuse in the H band are asymmetric at
the level of a few percent. The MOLsphere is not detected in this wavelength
range. The amount of measured limb-darkening is in good agreement with model
predictions. The two spots imaged at the surface of the star are potential
signatures of convective cells.


  We study the response of a spin glass system with respect to the rescaling of
its interaction random variables and investigate numerically the behaviour of
the correlation functions with respect to the volume. While for a ferromagnet
the local energy correlation functions increase monotonically with the scale
and, by consequence, with respect to the volume of the system we find that in a
general spin glass model those monotonicities are violated.


  We report on two edge-coupling and power splitting devices for hybrid
integration of III-V lasers with sub-micrometric silicon-on-insulator (SOI)
waveguides. The proposed devices relax the horizontal alignment tolerances
required to achieve high coupling efficiencies and are suitable for passively
aligned assembly with pick-and-place tools. Light is coupled to two on-chip
single mode SOI waveguides with almost identical power coupling efficiency, but
with a varying relative phase accommodating the lateral misalignment between
the laser diode and the coupling devices, and is suitable for the
implementation of parallel optics transmitters. Experimental characterization
with both a lensed fiber and a Fabry-P\'erot semiconductor laser diode has been
performed. Excess insertion losses (in addition to the 3 dB splitting) taken as
the worst case over both waveguides of respectively 2 dB and 3.1 dB, as well as
excellent 1 dB horizontal loss misalignment ranges of respectively 2.8 um and
3.8 um (worst case over both in-plane axes) have been measured for the two
devices. Back-reflections to the laser are below -20 dB for both devices within
the 1 dB misalignment range. Devices were fabricated with 193 nm DUV optical
lithography and are compatible with mass-manufacturing with mainstream CMOS
technology.


  Twist defects in surface codes can be used to encode more logical qubits,
improve the code rate, and implement logical gates. In this work we provide a
rigorous formalism for constructing surface codes with twists generalizing the
well-defined homological formalism introduced by Kitaev for describing CSS
surface codes. In particular, we associate a surface code to any graph $G$
embedded on any 2D-manifold, in such a way that (1) qubits are associated to
the vertices of the graph, (2) stabilizers are associated to faces, (3) twist
defects are associated to odd-degree vertices. In this way, we are able to
reproduce the variety of surface codes, with and without twists, in the
literature and produce some new examples. We also calculate and bound various
code properties such as the rate and distance in terms of topological graph
properties such as genus, systole, and face-width.


  We proved in another paper that every connected graph can be realized as the
cut locus of some point on some riemannian surface. Here we give upper bounds
on the number of such realizations.


  We prove that any class $VII$ surface with $b_2=1$ has curves. This implies
the "Global Spherical Shell conjecture" in the case $b_2=1$: Any minimal class
$VII$ surface with $b_2=1$ admits a global spherical shell, hence it is
isomorphic to one of the surfaces in the known list. The main idea of the proof
is to show that a certain moduli space of PU(2)-instantons on a surface $X$
with no curves (if such a surface existed) would contain a closed Riemann
surface $Y$ whose general points correspond to non-filtrable holomorphic
bundles on $X$. Then we pass from a family of bundles on $X$ parameterized by
$Y$ to a family of bundles on $Y$ parameterized by $X$, and we use the
algebraicity of $Y$ to obtain a contradiction. The proof uses essentially
techniques from Donaldson theory: compactness theorems for moduli spaces of
PU(2)-instantons and the Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence on surfaces.


  We study coherent electron dynamics in a biassed undriven ideal semiconductor
superlattice coupled to the continuum, near energy level anticrossings. In
particular, we examine the dependence of wavepacket dynamical characteristics
on electric field detuning, and investigate mixed regimes involving a
superposition of energy level anticrossings showing both Rabi oscillations and
resonant tunnelling. In earlier work [Phys. Rev. B 75 165421 (2007)], Rabi and
Zener resonances were shown to have a common origin, and a criteria for the
occurrence of either was proposed. The present results allow a better
understanding of the nature of an interminiband resonance, which can be useful
in the areas of microwave radiation generation and matter manipulation on the
particle level, as well as demonstrate an alternative approach to examining
electron level structure of a finite superlattice.


  This paper is an investigation of a procedure for constructing lattices by
means of taking the sum of a pair of isometric lattices. We present various
general results pertaining to this construction and discuss several examples of
it applied to various well-known lattices of small rank.


  The low Mach number limit for the full compressible magnetohydrodynamic
equations with general initial data is rigorously justified in the whole space
$\mathbb{R}^3$. The uniform in Mach number estimates of the solutions in a
Sobolev space are obtained on a time interval independent of the Mach number.
The limit is proved by using the established uniform estimates and a theorem
due to M\'etiver and Schochet [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 158 (2001), 61-90] for
the Euler equations that gives the local energy decay of the acoustic wave
equations.


  The nonperturbative kinetic framework for the stopping power of a
charged-particle system for swift point projectiles is implemented. The
pair-interaction potential energy required in this framework to two-body
elastic scattering is based on the screened interaction energy between system
particles. In such an energetically optimized modeling the swift bare
projectile interacts with independent screened constituents of a fixed-density
interacting many-body target. The first-order Born momentum-transfer
(transport) cross section is calculated and thus a comparison with stopping
data obtained [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 26}, 2335 (1982)] by swift ions,
$Z_1\in{[9,17]}$ and $(v/v_0)\simeq{11}$, under channeling condition in Si is
made. A quantitative agreement between the elastic scattering-based theoretical
stopping and the experimentally observed reduced magnitude is found.
Conventionally, such a reduced magnitude for the observable is interpreted,
applying an equipartition rule, as inelastic energy loss mediated by a
collective classical plasma-mode without momentum transfer to the valence-part.
Beyond the leading, i.e., first-order Born-Bethe term ($Z_1^2$), the Barkas
($Z_1^3$) and Bloch ($Z_1^4$) terms are discussed, following the arguments of
Lindhard for screened interaction. An extension to the case of stopping of warm
dense plasma for swift charges is outlined as well.


  In this Astro2020 APC White Paper, we describe a Small Explorer (SMEX)
mission concept called the Compton Spectrometer and Imager. COSI is a Compton
telescope that covers the bandpass often referred to as the "MeV Gap" because
it is the least explored region of the whole electromagnetic spectrum. COSI
provides a significant improvement in sensitivity along with high-resolution
spectroscopy, enabling studies of 511 keV electron-positron annihilation
emission and measurements of several radioactive elements that trace the
Galactic history of supernovae. COSI also measures polarization of gamma-ray
bursts (GRBs), accreting black holes, and pulsars as well as detecting and
localizing multimessenger sources. In the following, we describe the COSI
science, the instrument, and its capabilities. We highlight many Astro2020
science WPs that describe the COSI science in depth.


  This paper examines the identification power of instrumental variables (IVs)
for average treatment effect (ATE) in partially identified models. We decompose
the ATE identification gains into components of contributions driven by IV
relevancy, IV strength, direction and degree of treatment endogeneity, and
matching via exogenous covariates. Our decomposition is demonstrated with
graphical illustrations, simulation studies and an empirical example of
childbearing and women's labour supply. Our analysis offers insights for
understanding the complex role of IVs in ATE identification and for selecting
IVs in practical policy designs. Simulations also suggest potential uses of our
analysis for detecting irrelevant instruments.


  We propose a new fractional statistics for arbitrary dimensions, based on an
extension of Pauli's exclusion principle, to allow for finite multi-occupancies
of a single quantum state. By explicitly constructing the many-body Hilbert
space, we obtain a new algebra of operators and a new thermodynamics. The new
statistics is different from fractional exclusion statistics; and in a certain
limit, it reduces to the case of parafermi statistics.


  We study the single spin asymmetries for the $\pi
p^\uparrow\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-X$ process. We consider the asymmetries
contributed by the coupling of the Boer-Mulders function with the transversity
distribution and the pretzelosity distribution, characterized by the
$\sin(\phi+\phi_S)$ and $\sin(3\phi-\phi_S)$ azimuthal angular dependence,
respectively. We estimate the magnitude of these asymmetries at COMPASS by
using proper weighting functions. We find that the $\sin(\phi+\phi_S)$
asymmetry is of the size of a few percent and can be measured through the
experiment. The $\sin(3\phi-\phi_S)$ asymmetry is smaller than the
$\sin(\phi+\phi_S)$ asymmetry. After a cut on $q_T$, we succeed in enhancing
the asymmetry.


  In this paper we present result of theoretical calculation of entanglement
within a spin structure of Gd3N@C80 under the in uence of rectangular impulses.
Research is conducted using general spin Hamiltonian within SSNQ (spin system
of N-qubits). Calculation of entanglement with variable impulse is performed
using the time-dependent Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with spin-spin
correlation function. We show that long rectangular impulse (t=850ps) can be
used for maintaining of entanglement value. This allows us to offer a new
algorithm which can be used to reduce the challenge of decoherence to logical
scheme optimization.


  Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant (FT) mechanisms are
essential for reliable quantum computing. However, QEC considerably increases
the computation size up to four orders of magnitude. Moreover, FT
implementation has specific requirements on qubit layouts, causing both
resource and time overhead. Reducing spatial-temporal costs becomes critical
since it is beneficial to decrease the failure rate of quantum computation. To
this purpose, scalable qubit plane architectures and efficient mapping passes
including placement and routing of qubits as well as scheduling of operations
are needed. This paper proposes a full mapping process to execute lattice
surgery-based quantum circuits on two surface code architectures, namely a
checkerboard and a tile-based one. We show that the checkerboard architecture
is 2x qubit-efficient but the tile-based one requires lower communication
overhead in terms of both operation overhead (up to 86%) and latency overhead
(up to 79%).


  A pulsar wind nebula inside a supernova remnant provides a unique insight
into the properties of the central neutron star, the relativistic wind powered
by its loss of rotational energy, its progenitor supernova, and the surrounding
environment. In this paper, we present a new semi-analytic model for the
evolution of such a pulsar wind nebula which couples the dynamical and
radiative evolution of the pulsar wind nebulae, traces the evolution of the
pulsar wind nebulae throughout the lifetime of the supernova remnant produced
by the progenitor explosion, and predicts both the dynamical and radiative
properties of the pulsar wind nebula during this period. We also discuss the
expected evolution for a particular set of these parameters, and show it
reproduces many puzzling features of known young and old pulsar wind nebulae.
The model also predicts spectral features during different phases of its
evolution detectable with new radio and gamma-ray observing facilities.
Finally, this model has implications for determining if pulsar wind nebulae can
explain the recent measurements of the cosmic ray positron fraction by PAMELA
and the cosmic ray lepton spectrum by ATIC and HESS.


  We provide a theoretical update of the calculations of the pi0-gamma*-gamma
form factor in the LCSR framework, including up to six polynomials in the
conformal expansion of the pion distribution amplitude and taking into account
twist-six corrections related to the photon emission at large distances. The
results are compared with the calculations of the B-> pi l nu decay and pion
electromagnetic form factors in the same framework. Our conclusion is that the
recent BaBar measurements of the pi0-gamma*-gamma form factor at large momentum
transfers are consistent with QCD, although they do suggest that the pion DA
may have more structure than usually assumed.


  Following arXiv:2210.12963 [hep-th], we investigate aspects of the time
evolution operator regarded as a density operator and associated
entanglement-like structures in various quantum systems. These involve timelike
separations and generically lead to complex-valued entropy, although there are
interesting real subfamilies. There are many parallels and close relations with
reduced transition matrices and pseudo-entropy, which we discuss and clarify.
For instance, a related quantity involves the time evolution operator along
with a projection onto some initial state, which amounts to analysing
pseudo-entropy for the initial state and its time-evolved final state.


  Among various definitions of quantum correlations, quantum discord has
attracted considerable attention. To find analytical expression of quantum
discord is an intractable task. In this paper, we discuss thoroughly the case
of two-qubit rank-two states. An analytical expression for the quantum discord
is obtained by means of Koashi-Winter relation. A geometric picture is
demonstrated by means of quantum steering ellipsoid. We point out that in this
case the optimal measurement is indeed the von Neumann measurement, which is
usually used in the study of quantum discord. However, for some two-qubit
states with the rank larger than two, we find that three-element POVM
measurement is more optimal. It means that more careful attention should be
paid in the discussion of quantum discord.


  The capacity of noncoherent fading relay channels is studied where all
terminals are aware of the fading statistics but not of their realizations. It
is shown that if the fading coefficient of the channel between the transmitter
and the receiver can be predicted more accurately from its infinite past than
the fading coefficient of the channel between the relay and the receiver, then
at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) the relay does not increase capacity. It is
further shown that if the fading coefficient of the channel between the
transmitter and the relay can be predicted more accurately from its infinite
past than the fading coefficient of the channel between the relay and the
receiver, then at high SNR one can achieve communication rates that are within
one bit of the capacity of the multiple-input single-output fading channel that
results when the transmitter and the relay can cooperate.


  Matter loses its original characteristics after entering a black hole, thus
becoming a new kind of (black hole) matter. The property of this new matter
cannot be measured experimentally, but some of it can be deduced theoretically
from the Einstein equations and the conservation laws which it must still
satisfy. In a previous paper, this matter is modelled by an ideal fluid, with
an equation of state $p(r)=-\xi\r(r)$ between the pressure $p(r)$ and the
density $\rho(r)$. In order for this matter to fill the inside of a black hole
so that its property can be teased out from the Einstein and conservation
equations, it must possess a negative pressure ($\xi>0$) to counter the
gravitation attraction which draws all matter to the center. In that case a
solution of the Einstein and conservation equations exists if and only if the
constant $\xi$ is confined within a narrow range, between 0.1429 and 0.1716. In
the present paper, we try to find out its dynamical response by injecting
additional matter into the black hole over a period of time. The resulting
solutions of the six time-dependent Einstein equations and conservation laws
are presented in perturbation theory, valid if the total amount of injection is
small. Even in perturbation, the solutions can be obtained only with a special
trick. The result shows that the equation of state $p(r,t)=-\xi\r(r,t)$ remains
unchanged with the same $\xi$ when the injection rate is constant. When the
rate changes with time, $\xi$ requires a correction, $\xi\to\xi+\xi_1(r,t)$,
where $\xi_1(r,t)$ appears to be correlated with the acceleration of the
injected matter in a way to be shown in the text.


  We compute the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the
gluon-fusion production of a Higgs boson in models with massive color-octet
scalars in the ${\bf (8,1)_0}$ representation using an effective-theory
approach. We derive a compact analytic expression for the relevant Wilson
coefficient, and explain an interesting technical aspect of the calculation
that requires inclusion of the quartic-scalar interactions at
next-to-next-to-leading order. We perform a renormalization-group analysis of
the scalar couplings to derive the allowed regions of parameter space, and
present phenomenological results for both the Tevatron and the LHC. The
modifications of the Higgs production cross section are large at both
colliders, and can increase the Standard Model rate by more than a factor of
two in allowed regions of parameter space. We estimate that stringent
constraints on the color-octet scalar parameters can be obtained using the
Tevatron exclusion limit on Higgs production.


  Recent advances in diffusion models can generate high-quality and stunning
images from text. However, multi-turn image generation, which is of high demand
in real-world scenarios, still faces challenges in maintaining semantic
consistency between images and texts, as well as contextual consistency of the
same subject across multiple interactive turns. To address this issue, we
introduce TheaterGen, a training-free framework that integrates large language
models (LLMs) and text-to-image (T2I) models to provide the capability of
multi-turn image generation. Within this framework, LLMs, acting as a
"Screenwriter", engage in multi-turn interaction, generating and managing a
standardized prompt book that encompasses prompts and layout designs for each
character in the target image. Based on these, Theatergen generate a list of
character images and extract guidance information, akin to the "Rehearsal".
Subsequently, through incorporating the prompt book and guidance information
into the reverse denoising process of T2I diffusion models, Theatergen generate
the final image, as conducting the "Final Performance". With the effective
management of prompt books and character images, TheaterGen significantly
improves semantic and contextual consistency in synthesized images.
Furthermore, we introduce a dedicated benchmark, CMIGBench (Consistent
Multi-turn Image Generation Benchmark) with 8000 multi-turn instructions.
Different from previous multi-turn benchmarks, CMIGBench does not define
characters in advance. Both the tasks of story generation and multi-turn
editing are included on CMIGBench for comprehensive evaluation. Extensive
experimental results show that TheaterGen outperforms state-of-the-art methods
significantly. It raises the performance bar of the cutting-edge Mini DALLE 3
model by 21% in average character-character similarity and 19% in average
text-image similarity.


  We propose a novel definition of Shapley values with uncertain value
functions based on first principles using probability theory. Such uncertain
value functions can arise in the context of explainable machine learning as a
result of non-deterministic algorithms. We show that random effects can in fact
be absorbed into a Shapley value with a noiseless but shifted value function.
Hence, Shapley values with uncertain value functions can be used in analogy to
regular Shapley values. However, their reliable evaluation typically requires
more computational effort.


  Indoor self-localization is a highly demanded system function for
smartphones. The current solutions based on inertial, radio frequency, and
geomagnetic sensing may have degraded performance when their limiting factors
take effect. In this paper, we present a new indoor simultaneous localization
and mapping (SLAM) system that utilizes the smartphone's built-in audio
hardware and inertial measurement unit (IMU). Our system uses a smartphone's
loudspeaker to emit near-inaudible chirps and then the microphone to record the
acoustic echoes from the indoor environment. Our profiling measurements show
that the echoes carry location information with sub-meter granularity. To
enable SLAM, we apply contrastive learning to construct an echoic location
feature (ELF) extractor, such that the loop closures on the smartphone's
trajectory can be accurately detected from the associated ELF trace. The
detection results effectively regulate the IMU-based trajectory reconstruction.
Extensive experiments show that our ELF-based SLAM achieves median localization
errors of $0.1\,\text{m}$, $0.53\,\text{m}$, and $0.4\,\text{m}$ on the
reconstructed trajectories in a living room, an office, and a shopping mall,
and outperforms the Wi-Fi and geomagnetic SLAM systems.


  Typical person re-identification (re-ID) methods train a deep CNN to extract
deep features and combine them with a distance metric for the final evaluation.
In this work, we focus on exploiting the full information encoded in the deep
feature to boost the re-ID performance. First, we propose a Deep Feature Fusion
(DFF) method to exploit the diverse information embedded in a deep feature. DFF
treats each sub-feature as an information carrier and employs a diffusion
process to exchange their information. Second, we propose an Adaptive
Re-Ranking (ARR) method to exploit the contextual information encoded in the
features of neighbors. ARR utilizes the contextual information to re-rank the
retrieval results in an iterative manner. Particularly, it adds more contextual
information after each iteration automatically to consider more matches. Third,
we propose a strategy that combines DFF and ARR to enhance the performance.
Extensive comparative evaluations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed
methods on three large benchmarks.


  We report here on recent progress in the determination of S-wave and P-wave
heavy-quarkonium states at finite temperature. Our results are based on the
combination of effective field theories with numerical lattice QCD simulations.
These non-perturbative tools allow us to compute the heavy-quarkonium in-medium
spectral functions, from which we in turn determine the melting temperatures of
individual states and estimate phenomenologically relevant observables, such as
the $\psi^\prime$ to J/$\psi$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions.


  While magnetic hysteresis usually considers magnetic domains, the switching
of the core of magnetic vortices has recently become an active topic. We
considered Bloch domain walls, which are known to display at the surface of
thin films flux-closure features called N\'eel caps. We demonstrated the
controlled switching of these caps under a magnetic field, occurring via the
propagation of a surface vortex. For this we considered flux-closure states in
elongated micron-sized dots, so that only the central domain wall can be
addressed, while domains remain unaffected.