  We investigate whether it is possible to teleport the coherence of an unknown
quantum state from Alice to Bob by communicating a lesser number of classical
bits in comparison to what is required for teleporting an unknown quantum
state. We find that we cannot achieve perfect teleportation of coherence with
one bit of classical communication for an arbitrary qubit. However, we find
that if the qubit is partially known, i.e., chosen from the equatorial and
polar circles of the Bloch sphere, then teleportation of coherence is possible
with the transfer of one cbit of information when we have maximally entangled
states as a shared resource. In the case of the resource being a non-maximally
entangled state, we can teleport the coherence with a certain probability of
success. In a general teleportation protocol for coherence, we derive a compact
formula for the final state at Bob's lab in terms of the composition of the
completely positive maps corresponding to the shared resource state and joint
POVM performed by Alice on her qubit and the unknown state. Using this formula,
we show that teleportation of the coherence of a partially known state with
real matrix elements is possible perfectly with the help of a maximally
entangled state as a resource. Furthermore, we explore the teleportation of
coherence with the Werner states and show that even when the Werner states
become separable, the amount of teleported coherence is non-zero, implying the
possibility of teleportation of coherence without entanglement.


  Recently there has been considerable interest in the problem of finding a
phylogenetic network with a minimum number of reticulation vertices which
displays a given set of phylogenetic trees, that is, a network with minimum
hybrid number. Even so, for certain evolutionary scenarios insisting that a
network displays the set of trees can be an overly restrictive assumption. In
this paper, we consider the less restrictive notion of displaying called weakly
displaying and, in particular, a special case of this which we call rigidly
displaying. We characterize when two trees can be rigidly displayed by a
temporal tree-child network in terms of fork-picking sequences, a concept that
is closely related to that of cherry-picking sequences. We also show that, in
case it exists, the rigid hybrid number for two phylogenetic trees is given by
a minimum weight fork-picking sequence for the trees, and that the rigid hybrid
number can be quite different from the related beaded- and temporal-hybrid
numbers.


  The intention of the present study is to establish the mathematical
fundamentals for automated problem solving essentially targeted for robotics by
approaching the task universal algebraically introducing knowledge as
realizations of generalized free algebra based nets, graphs with gluing forms
connecting in- and out-edges to nodes. Nets are caused to undergo
transformations in conceptual level by type wise differentiated intervening net
rewriting systems dispersing problems to abstract parts, matching being
determined by substitution relations. Achieved sets of conceptual nets
constitute congruent classes. New results are obtained within construction of
problem solving systems where solution algorithms are derived parallel with
other candidates applied to the same net classes. By applying parallel
transducer paths consisting of net rewriting systems to net classes congruent
quotient algebras are established and the manifested class rewriting comprises
all solution candidates whenever produced nets are in anticipated languages
liable to acceptance of net automata. Furthermore new solutions will be added
to the set of already known ones thus expanding the solving power in the
forthcoming. Moreover special attention is set on universal abstraction,
thereof generation by net block homomorphism, consequently multiple order
solving systems and the overall decidability of the set of the solutions. By
overlapping presentation of nets new abstraction relation among nets is
formulated alongside with consequent alphabetical net block renetting system
proportional to normal forms of renetting systems regarding the operational
power. A new structure in self-evolving problem solving is established via
saturation by groups of equivalence relations and iterative closures of
generated quotient transducer algebras over the whole evolution.


  We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on the
photodissociation dynamics of ion-pair formation in O$_2$ following resonant
two-photon absorption of a 9.3 eV femtosecond pulse, where the resulting O$^+$
ions are detected using 3-D momentum imaging. Ion-pair formation states of
$^3\Sigma^-_g$ and $^3\Pi_g$ symmetry are accessed through predissociation of
optically dark continuum Rydberg states converging to the B $^2\Sigma^-_g$
ionic state, which are resonantly populated via a mixture of both
parallel-parallel and parallel-perpendicular two-photon transitions. This
mixture is evident in the angular distribution of the dissociation relative to
the light polarization, and varies with the kinetic energy release (KER) of the
fragmenting ion-pair. The KER-dependent photoion angular distribution reveals
the underlying two-photon absorption dynamics involved in the ion-pair
production mechanism and indicates the existence of two nearly degenerate
continuum resonances possessing different symmetries, which can both decay by
coupling to ion-pair states of the same total symmetry through internal
conversion.


  In the standard model of universe the increase in mass of our observed
expansive Universe is explained by the assumption of emerging the matter
objects on the horizon (of the most remote visibility). However, the physical
analysis of the influence of this assumption on the velocity of matter objects
shows unambiguously that this hypothetical assumption contradicts the theory of
gravity.


  This article studies routes to chaos occurring within a resonance wedge for a
3-parametric family of differential equations acting on a 3-sphere. Our
starting point is an autonomous vector field whose flow exhibits a weakly
attracting heteroclinic network made by two 1-dimensional connections and a
2-dimensional separatrix between two equilibria with different Morse indices.
After changing the parameters, while keeping the 1-dimensional connections
unaltered, we concentrate our study in the case where the 2-dimensional
invariant manifolds of the equilibria do not intersect. We derive the first
return map near the ghost of the attractor and we reduce the analysis of the
system to a 2-dimensional map on the cylinder. Complex dynamical features arise
from a discrete-time Bogdanov-Takens singularity, which may be seen as the
organizing center by which one can obtain infinitely many attracting tori,
strange attractors, infinitely many sinks and non-trivial contracting wandering
domains. These dynamical phenomena occur within a structure that we call
resonance wedge. As an application, we may see the "classical" Arnold tongue as
a projection of a resonance wedge. The results are general, extend to other
contexts and lead to a fine-tuning of the theory.


  At the lowest temperatures achieved in dilution refrigerators, ruthenium
oxide resistance thermometers often saturate and therefore lose their
sensitivity. In an effort to extend the range of such temperature sensors, we
built a thermometer which maintains sensitivity to 5~mK. A key component of
this thermometer is an in situ radio frequency filter which is based on a
modern rf absorption material. We show that the use of such a filter is only
effective when it is encased in the same rf-tight enclosure as the ruthenium
oxide sensor. Our design delivers an attenuation level that is necessary to
mitigate the effects of parasitic heating of a fraction of pW present in our
circuit. Furthermore, we show that the likely origin of this parasitic heating
is the black body radiation present within the experimental space of the
refrigerator. We found that the equilibration time of the thermometer increases
rapidly as the temperature is lowered; below 5~mK this thermometer becomes
impractical because of the prohibitively long equilibration times.


  We are looking for radio `relics' and `halos' in an X-ray selected sample of
clusters of galaxies. These radio features are not a product of the Active
Galactic Nuclei (AGN)-mechanism, but more likely are associated with past
cluster merger events. AGN hosts of cooling flow clusters contain particle
bubbles that show non-thermal radio emission. These bubbles could explain the
presence of radio relics and halos if they can restrict cosmic rays
efficiently. Intracluster magnetic fields and cluster environments can reveal
the acceleration mechanisms of cosmic rays. Using radio/X-ray data and
analytical methods we examine three AGN hosts out of our 70 clusters, namely
Hercules A, 3C310 and 3C388. We found that none of these clusters contain
relics and/or halos.


  Inductions and game semantics are two useful extensions to traditional logic
programming. To be specific, inductions can capture a wider class of provable
formulas in logic programming. Adopting game semantics can make logic
programming more interactive.
  In this paper, we propose an execution model for a logic language with these
features. This execution model follows closely the reasoning process in real
life.


  We address the generation and interaction of dispersion-managed dissipative
solitons (DMDS) in a model of fiber lasers with the cubic-quintic nonlinearity,
multiphoton absorption and gain dispersion. Both anomalous and normal segments
of the dispersion map include random dispersion fluctuations. Effects of the
gain dispersion, higher-order nonlinearity and randomness on the generation of
DMDS are demonstrated. The solitons exhibit breather-like evolution, and are
found to be robust, up to a certain critical level of the random-dispersion
component, which is sufficiently high. The roles of multiphoton absorption,
gain dispersion and nonlinearity on the DMDS are also identified in the absence
of randomness. Pair wise interactions of solitons lead, most typically, to
their merger, with breaking of the left-right symmetry. The outcome of the
collisions is more sensitive to the initial temporal separation between the
solitons than to their phase difference.


  We prove empirical central limit theorems for the distribution of levels of
various random fields defined on high-dimensional discrete structures as the
dimension of the structure goes to $\infty$. The random fields considered
include costs of assignments, weights of Hamiltonian cycles and spanning trees,
energies of directed polymers, locations of particles in the branching random
walk, as well as energies in the Sherrington--Kirkpatrick and Edwards--Anderson
models. The distribution of levels in all models listed above is shown to be
essentially the same as in a stationary Gaussian process with regularly varying
nonsummable covariance function. This type of behavior is different from the
Brownian bridge-type limit known for independent or stationary weakly dependent
sequences of random variables.


  Energy dissipative processes play a key role in how quantum many-body systems
dynamically evolve towards equilibrium. In closed quantum systems, such
processes are attributed to the transfer of energy from collective motion to
single-particle degrees of freedom; however, the quantum many-body dynamics of
this evolutionary process are poorly understood. To explore energy dissipative
phenomena and equilibration dynamics in one such system, an experimental
investigation of deep-inelastic and fusion-fission outcomes in the
$^{58}$Ni+$^{60}$Ni reaction has been carried out. Experimental outcomes have
been compared to theoretical predictions using Time Dependent Hartree Fock and
Time Dependent Random Phase Approximation approaches, which respectively
incorporate one-body energy dissipation and fluctuations. Excellent
quantitative agreement has been found between experiment and calculations,
indicating that microscopic models incorporating one-body dissipation and
fluctuations provide a potential tool for exploring dissipation in low-energy
heavy ion collisions.


  Inspired by biology's most sophisticated computer, the brain, neural networks
constitute a profound reformulation of computational principles. Remarkably,
analogous high-dimensional, highly-interconnected computational architectures
also arise within information-processing molecular systems inside living cells,
such as signal transduction cascades and genetic regulatory networks. Might
neuromorphic collective modes be found more broadly in other physical and
chemical processes, even those that ostensibly play non-information-processing
roles such as protein synthesis, metabolism, or structural self-assembly? Here
we examine nucleation during self-assembly of multicomponent structures,
showing that high-dimensional patterns of concentrations can be discriminated
and classified in a manner similar to neural network computation. Specifically,
we design a set of 917 DNA tiles that can self-assemble in three alternative
ways such that competitive nucleation depends sensitively on the extent of
co-localization of high-concentration tiles within the three structures. The
system was trained in-silico to classify a set of 18 grayscale 30 x 30 pixel
images into three categories. Experimentally, fluorescence and atomic force
microscopy monitoring during and after a 150-hour anneal established that all
trained images were correctly classified, while a test set of image variations
probed the robustness of the results. While slow compared to prior biochemical
neural networks, our approach is surprisingly compact, robust, and scalable.
This success suggests that ubiquitous physical phenomena, such as nucleation,
may hold powerful information processing capabilities when scaled up as
high-dimensional multicomponent systems.


  In this paper we intend to provide an indirect method to detect Jovian
planets by studying near infrared emission spectra originating in the
protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars. Our idea is to investigate whether a
massive planet could induce any observable effect on the spectral lines
emerging in the disks atmosphere. As a tracer molecule we propose CO, which is
excited in the ro-vibrational fundamental band in the disk atmosphere to a
distance of ~2-3 AU (depending on the stellar mass) where terrestrial planets
are thought to form. The synthetic molecular spectral line profiles were
calculated by an own developed semi-analytical double layer disk model. 2D gas
dynamics were incorporated in the calculation of synthetic spectral lines. We
demonstrate that a massive planet embedded in a protoplanetary disk strongly
influences the originally circular Keplerian gas dynamics. The perturbed motion
of the gas can be detected by comparing the CO line profiles in emission, which
is emerge from planet-bearing to those of planet-free disk models. The planet
signal has two major characteristics: a permanent line profile asymmetry, and
short timescale variability correlated with the orbital phase of the giant
planet. We have found that the strength of the asymmetry depends on the
physical parameters of the star-planet-disk system, such as the disk
inclination angle, the planetary and stellar masses, the orbital distance, and
the size of the disk inner cavity. The permanent line profile asymmetry is
caused by a disk in an eccentric state in the gap opened by the giant planet.
However, the variable component is a consequence of the local dynamical
perturbation by the orbiting giant planet. We show that a forming giant planet,
still embedded in the protoplanetary disk, can be detected using contemporary
or future high-resolution near-IR spectrographs like VLT/CRIRES and ELT/METIS.


  Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers three important Model Deployment Services
for model developers: SageMaker, Lambda, and Elastic Container Service (ECS).
These services have critical advantages and disadvantages, influencing model
developer's adoption decisions. This comparative analysis reviews the merits
and drawbacks of these services. This analysis found that Lambda AWS service
leads in efficiency, autoscaling aspects, and integration during model
development. However, ECS was found to be outstanding in terms of flexibility,
scalability, and infrastructure control; conversely, ECS is better suited when
it comes to managing complex container environments during model development,
as well as addressing budget concerns -- it is, therefore, the preferred option
for model developers whose objective is to achieve complete freedom and
framework flexibility with horizontal scaling. ECS is better suited to ensuring
performance requirements align with project goals and constraints. The AWS
service selection process considered factors that include but are not limited
to load balance and cost-effectiveness. ECS is a better choice when model
development begins from the abstract. It offers unique benefits, such as the
ability to scale horizontally and vertically, making it the best preferable
tool for model deployment.


  We study a family of $(1,1)$-pattern knots that generalize the Mazur pattern,
and compute the concordance invariants $\tau$ and $\epsilon$ of $n$-twisted
satellites formed from these patterns. We show that none of the $n$-twisted
patterns from this family act surjectively on the smooth or rational
concordance group. We also determine when the $n$-twisted generalized Mazur
patterns are fibered in the solid torus, compute their genus in $S^1 \times
D^2$, and show that $n$-twisted satellites with generalized Mazur patterns and
non-trivial companions are not Floer thin.


  We present ZeroEGGS, a neural network framework for speech-driven gesture
generation with zero-shot style control by example. This means style can be
controlled via only a short example motion clip, even for motion styles unseen
during training. Our model uses a Variational framework to learn a style
embedding, making it easy to modify style through latent space manipulation or
blending and scaling of style embeddings. The probabilistic nature of our
framework further enables the generation of a variety of outputs given the same
input, addressing the stochastic nature of gesture motion. In a series of
experiments, we first demonstrate the flexibility and generalizability of our
model to new speakers and styles. In a user study, we then show that our model
outperforms previous state-of-the-art techniques in naturalness of motion,
appropriateness for speech, and style portrayal. Finally, we release a
high-quality dataset of full-body gesture motion including fingers, with
speech, spanning across 19 different styles.


  Direct frequency to power conversion (FPC), to be presented here, links both
quantities through a known energy, like single-electron transport relates an
operation frequency $f$ to the emitted current $I$ through the electron charge
$e$ as $I=ef$. FPC is a natural candidate for a power standard resorting to the
most basic definition of the watt -- energy, which is traceable to Planck's
constant $h$, emitted per unit of time. This time is in turn traceable to the
unperturbed ground state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom
$\Delta\nu_\mathrm{Cs}$; hence, FPC comprises a simple and elegant way to
realize the watt. In this spirit, single-photon emission and detection at known
rates have been proposed and experimented as radiometric standard. However,
nowadays power standards are only traceable to electrical units, i.e., volt and
ohm. In this letter, we demonstrate the feasibility of an alternative proposal
based on solid-state direct FPC using a SINIS (S = superconductor, N = normal
metal, I = insulator) single-electron transistor (SET) accurately injecting $N$
(integer) quasiparticles (qps) per cycle to both leads with discrete energies
close to their superconducting gap $\Delta$, even at zero drain-source voltage.
Furthermore, the bias voltage plays an important role in the distribution of
the power among the two leads, allowing for an almost equal injection $N\Delta
f$ to the two. We estimate that under appropriate conditions errors can be well
below $1\%$.


  We study the structure of the Mather and Aubry sets for the family of
lagrangians given by the kinetic energy associated to a riemannian metric $ g$
on a closed manifold $ M$. In this case the Euler-Lagrange flow is the geodesic
flow of $(M,g)$. We prove that there exists a residual subset $ \mathcal G$ of
the set of all conformal metrics to $g$, such that, if $ \overline g \in
\mathcal G$ then the corresponding geodesic flow has a finitely many ergodic
c-minimizing measures, for each non-trivial cohomology class $ c \in
H^1(M,\mathbb{R})$. This implies that, for any $ c \in H^1(M,\mathbb{R})$, the
quotient Aubry set for the cohomology class c has a finite number of elements
for this particular family of lagrangian systems.


  In this experimental study we consider Steiner tree approximations that
guarantee a constant approximation of ratio smaller than $2$. The considered
greedy algorithms and approaches based on linear programming involve the
incorporation of $k$-restricted full components for some $k \geq 3$. For most
of the algorithms, their strongest theoretical approximation bounds are only
achieved for $k \to \infty$. However, the running time is also exponentially
dependent on $k$, so only small $k$ are tractable in practice.
  We investigate different implementation aspects and parameter choices that
finally allow us to construct algorithms (somewhat) feasible for practical use.
We compare the algorithms against each other, to an exact LP-based algorithm,
and to fast and simple $2$-approximations.


  We study the QCD charge asymmetry in t\bar{t} production at the Tevatron. We
investigate the role of higher orders in perturbation theory by considering the
resummation of potentially large logarithmic corrections that arise near
partonic threshold. This requires us to employ the rapidity-dependent anomalous
dimension matrices that describe color mixing due to soft gluon emission in
both quark- and gluon-initiated processes. The charge asymmetry appears
directly in the resummed cross section at next-to-leading logarithm (NLL), and
we find that the first-order expansion of the NLL resummed charge asymmetry
reproduces the known fixed-order result for the asymmetry well. Beyond its
lowest order, the asymmetric component of the cross section is enhanced by the
same leading-logarithmic threshold corrections as the total cross section. As a
result, the charge asymmetry is robust with respect to the higher-order
perturbative corrections generated by threshold resummation. We observe that
the asymmetry increases with pair mass and with scattering angle.


  Adiabatic preparation of the ground states of many-body Hamiltonians in the
closed system limit is at the heart of adiabatic quantum computation, but in
reality systems are always open. This motivates a natural comparison between,
on the one hand, adiabatic preparation of steady states of Lindbladian
generators and, on the other hand, relaxation towards the same steady states
subject to the final Lindbladian of the adiabatic process. In this work we thus
adopt the perspective that the goal is the most efficient possible preparation
of such steady states, rather than ground states. Using known rigorous bounds
for the open-system adiabatic theorem and for mixing times, we are then led to
a disturbing conclusion that at first appears to doom efforts to build physical
quantum annealers: relaxation seems to always converge faster than adiabatic
preparation. However, by carefully estimating the adiabatic preparation time
for Lindbladians describing thermalization in the low temperature limit, we
show that there is, after all, room for an adiabatic speedup over relaxation.
To test the analytically derived bounds for the adiabatic preparation time and
the relaxation time, we numerically study three models: a dissipative
quasi-free fermionic chain, a single qubit coupled to a thermal bath, and the
"spike" problem of $n$ qubits coupled to a thermal bath. Via these models we
find that the answer to the "which wins" question depends for each model on the
temperature and the system-bath coupling strength. In the case of the "spike"
problem we find that relaxation during the adiabatic evolution plays an
important role in ensuring a speedup over the final-time relaxation procedure.
Thus, relaxation-assisted adiabatic preparation can be more efficient than both
pure adiabatic evolution and pure relaxation.


  We present the extension of an efficient and highly parallelisable framework
for incompressible fluid flow simulations to viscoplastic fluids. The system is
governed by incompressible conservation of mass, the Cauchy momentum equation
and a generalised Newtonian constitutive law. In order to simulate a wide range
of viscoplastic fluids, we employ the Herschel-Bulkley model for yield-stress
fluids with nonlinear stress-strain dependency above the yield limit. We
utilise Papanastasiou regularisation in our algorithm to deal with the
singularity in apparent viscosity. The resulting system of partial differential
equations is solved using the IAMR code (Incompressible Adaptive Mesh
Refinement), which uses second-order Godunov methodology for the advective
terms and semi-implicit diffusion in the context of an approximate projection
method to solve on adaptively refined meshes. By augmenting the IAMR code with
the ability to simulate regularised Herschel-Bulkley fluids, we obtain
efficient numerical software for time-dependent viscoplastic flow in three
dimensions, which can be used to investigate systems not considered previously
due to computational expense. We validate results from simulations using this
new capability against previously published data for Bingham plastics and
power-law fluids in the two-dimensional lid-driven cavity. In doing so, we
expand the range of Bingham and Reynolds numbers which have been considered in
the benchmark tests. Moreover, extensions to time-dependent flow of
Herschel-Bulkley fluids and three spatial dimensions offer new insights into
the flow of viscoplastic fluids in this test case, and we provide missing
benchmark results for these extensions.


  We study how the behavior of deep policy gradient algorithms reflects the
conceptual framework motivating their development. To this end, we propose a
fine-grained analysis of state-of-the-art methods based on key elements of this
framework: gradient estimation, value prediction, and optimization landscapes.
Our results show that the behavior of deep policy gradient algorithms often
deviates from what their motivating framework would predict: the surrogate
objective does not match the true reward landscape, learned value estimators
fail to fit the true value function, and gradient estimates poorly correlate
with the "true" gradient. The mismatch between predicted and empirical behavior
we uncover highlights our poor understanding of current methods, and indicates
the need to move beyond current benchmark-centric evaluation methods.


  In this short note, we give large counterexamples to natural questions about
certain order polytopes, in particular, Gelfand--Tsetlin polytopes. Several of
the counterexamples are too large to be discovered via a brute-force computer
search.
  We also show that the multiset of hooks in a Young diagram is not enough
information to determine the Ehrhart polynomial for an associated order
polytope. This is somewhat counter-intuitive to the fact that the multiset of
hooks always determine the leading coefficient of the Ehrhart polynomial.


  The Magellanic Bridge stretching between the SMC and LMC is the nearest
tidally stripped intergalactic environment and has a low average metallicity of
$Z~0.1Z_{\odot}$. Here we report the first discovery of three O-type stars in
the Bridge using archival spectra collected with FLAMES at ESO/VLT. We analyze
the spectra using the PoWR models, which provide the physical parameters,
ionizing photon fluxes, and surface abundances. This discovery suggests that
the tidally stripped low density gas is capable of producing massive O stars
and their ages imply ongoing star formation in the Bridge. The multi-epoch
spectra indicate that all three O stars are binaries. Despite their spatial
proximity to each other, these O stars are chemically distinct. One of them is
a fast-rotating giant with nearly LMC-like abundances. The other two are
main-sequence stars that rotate extremely slowly and are strongly metal
depleted. This includes the most nitrogen-poor O star known up to date. Taking
into account the previous analyses of B stars in the Bridge, we interpret the
various metal abundances as the signature of a chemically inhomogeneous
interstellar medium, suggesting that the gas might have accreted during
multiple episodes of tidal interaction between the Clouds. Attributing the
lowest derived metal content to the primordial gas, the time of initial
formation of the Bridge may date back to several Gyr. Using the Gaia and Galex
color-magnitude diagrams we roughly estimate the total number of O stars in the
Bridge and their total ionizing radiation. Comparing with the energetics of the
diffuse ISM, we find that the contribution of the hot stars to the ionizing
radiation field in the Bridge is less than 10%, and conclude that the main
sources of ionizing photons are leaks from the LMC and SMC. We estimate a lower
limit for the fraction of ionizing radiation that escapes from these two dwarf
galaxies.


  Electron capture processes are important in the search for new physics. In
this context, a high capture rate is desired. We investigate the possibility of
enhancing the electron capture rate by irradiating laser beam to ''atom''. The
possibility of such enhancement can be understood as a consequence of an
enhancement of the electron wave function at the origin, $\Psi (0)$, through an
increased effective mass of the electron. We find that an order of magnitude
enhancement can be realized by using a laser with intensity on the order of
$10^{10}$ W/mm$^2$ and a photon energy on the order of $10^{-3}$ eV.


  We describe results on the creation and use of synthetic data that were
derived in the context of a project to make synthetic extracts available for
users of the UK Longitudinal Studies. A critical review of existing methods of
inference from large synthetic data sets is presented. We introduce new
variance estimates for use with large samples of completely synthesised data
that do not require them to be generated from the posterior predictive
distribution derived from the observed data. We make recommendations on how to
synthesise data based on these findings. An example of synthesising data from
the Scottish Longitudinal Study is included to illustrate our results.


  We discuss the four dimensional effective action for type IIB flux
compactifications, and obtain the quadratic terms taking warp effects into
account. The analysis includes both the 4-d zero modes and their KK
excitations, which become light at large warping. We identify an `axial' type
gauge for the supergravity fluctuations, which makes the four dimensional
degrees of freedom manifest. The other key ingredient is the existence of
constraints coming from the ten dimensional equations of motion. Applying these
conditions leads to considerable simplifications, enabling us to obtain the low
energy lagrangian explicitly. In particular, the warped K\"ahler potential for
metric moduli is computed and it is shown that there are no mixings with the KK
fluctuations and the result differs from previous proposals. The four
dimensional potential contains a generalization of the Gukov-Vafa-Witten term,
plus usual mass terms for KK modes.


  We study the prospects of searches for exotic long-lived particles with the
MoEDAL detector at the LHC, assuming the integrated luminosity of 30 fb$^{-1}$
that is expected at the end of Run 3. MoEDAL incorporates nuclear track
detectors deployed a few metres away from the interaction point, which are
sensitive to any highly-ionizing particles. Hence MoEDAL is able to detect
singly- or doubly-charged particles with low velocities $\beta < 0.15$ or $<
0.3$, respectively, and lifetimes larger than ${\cal O}(1) \,{\rm m}/c$. We
examine the MoEDAL sensitivity to various singly-charged supersymmetric
particles with long lifetimes and to several types of doubly-charged long-lived
particles with different spins and SU(2) charges. We compare the prospective
MoEDAL mass reaches to current limits from ATLAS and CMS, which involve
auxiliary analysis assumptions. MoEDAL searches for doubly-charged fermions are
particularly competitive.


  Nanostructures of conventional metals offer manipulation of light at the
nanoscale but are limited to static behavior due to their fixed material
properties. To develop the next frontier of dynamic nanooptics and
metasurfaces, we utilize the redox-tunable optical properties of conducting
polymers, which were recently shown to be capable of sustaining plasmons in
their most conducting oxidized state. Using nanodisks of
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:sulfate) (PEDOT:Sulf) as a model system, we
present the first electrically tunable conducting polymer nanooptical antennas.
In addition to repeated on/off switching of the polymeric nanoantennas, we
demonstrate the possibility for gradual electrical tuning of their nanooptical
response, which was found to be related to the modulation of both density and
mobility of the mobile polaronic charge carriers in the polymer. The presented
concept takes important steps towards electrically tunable metasurfaces with
truly dynamic optical nanoantenna pixels, with not only varying farfield but
also tunable nearfield. The work paves the way for applications ranging from
tunable flat metaoptics to adaptable smart windows.


  This is a preprint from 1990, in which it is explained how non-Abelian gauge
magnets originate as effective dynamics in models of hopping particles. In
particular, an explicit model is discussed in which both link and plaquette
terms appear. The motivation (as explained in a brief apology) to reintroduce
the idea is some recent theoretical progress on the topic of optical lattices.


  Two issues in the first-order thermodynamics of scalar-tensor (including
``viable'' Horndeski) gravity are elucidated. The application of this new
formalism to FLRW cosmology is shown to be fully legitimate and then extended
to all Bianchi universes. It is shown that the formalism holds thanks to the
almost miraculous fact that the constitutive relations of Eckart's
thermodynamics are satisfied, while writing the field equations as effective
Einstein equations with an effective dissipative fluid does not contain new
physics.


  The authors of preprint arXiv:1810.00565 and paper in Light: Science &
Applications (2019), Y. Dubi and Y. Sivan, made several wrong and inconsistent
comments on several of our papers. In addition, the paper in Faraday Discuss.
214, 215-233 (2018) by the same authors also contains several wrong statements
in relationship with our work. Moreover, the authors address in their comments
features that were in fact not present in our work. In what follows we present
correction to a number of specific points in which they either misrepresented
or erroneously interpreted our published work.


  We demonstrate anisotropic etching of single-layer graphene by
thermally-activated nickel nanoparticles. Using this technique, we obtain
sub-10nm nanoribbons and other graphene nanostructures with edges aligned along
a single crystallographic direction. We observe a new catalytic channeling
behavior, whereby etched cuts do not intersect, resulting in continuously
connected geometries. Raman spectroscopy and electronic measurements show that
the quality of the graphene is resilient under the etching conditions,
indicating that this method may serve as a powerful technique to produce
graphene nanocircuits with well-defined crystallographic edges.


  As the precision frontier of large-area survey astrophysics advances towards
the one millimagnitude level, flux calibration of astronomical instrumentation
remains an ongoing challenge. We describe initial testing of silicon solar
cells as large-aperture precise calibration photodiodes. We present
measurements of dark current, linearity, frequency response, spatial response
uniformity, and noise characteristics of the Sunpower C60 solar cells, an
interdigitated back-contact 125mm x 125mm monocrystalline solar cell. We find
that these devices hold considerable promise as large-area flux calibration
sensors and warrant further characterization.


  We study quantum spin systems in the 1D, 2D square and 3D cubic lattices with
nearest-neighbour XY exchange. We use the coupled-cluster method (CCM) to
calculate the ground-state energy, the T=0 sublattice magnetisation and the
excited state energies, all as functions of the anisotropy parameter $\gamma$.
We consider $S=1/2$ in detail and give some results for higher $S$. In 1D these
results are compared with the exact $S=1/2$ results and in 2D with Monte-Carlo
and series expansions. We obtain critical points close to the expected value
$\gamma=0$ and our extrapolated LSUBn results for the ground-state energy are
well converged for all $\gamma$ except very close to the critical point.


  We use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) to probe the propagation of
plasmons in the electron-doped cuprate superconductor
Sr$_{0.9}$La$_{0.1}$CuO$_2$ (SLCO). We detect a plasmon gap of $\sim$~120 meV
at the two-dimensional Brillouin zone center, indicating that low-energy
plasmons in SLCO are not strictly acoustic. The plasmon dispersion, including
the gap, is accurately captured by layered $t$-$J$-$V$ model calculations. A
similar analysis performed on recent RIXS data from other cuprates suggests
that the plasmon gap is generic and its size is related to the magnitude of the
interlayer hopping $t_z$. Our work signifies the three-dimensionality of the
charge dynamics in layered cuprates and provides a new method to determine
$t_z$.


  This paper explores the application of Newton-Cartan geometry to the kinetic
theory of gases that includes non-relativistic gravitational effects and the
principle of general covariance. Starting with an introduction to the basics of
Newton-Cartan geometry, we examine the motion of point particles within this
framework, leading to a detailed analysis of kinetic theory and the derivation
of conservation equations. The equilibrium distribution function is explored,
and the example of a rotating gas in a gravitational field is discussed.
Further, we develop covariant hydrodynamic equations and extend our analysis
through a gradient expansion approach to assess first-order constitutive
relations for rotating gases. Finally, we address the frame-dependence paradox,
presenting a novel resolution that addresses apparent discrepancies. Our
construction resolves a fifty-year-old debate about the frame-indifferent
formulation of kinetic theory. The resolution is presented in a modern,
symmetry-based approach.


  The increasing precision of astronomical observations of stars and stellar
systems is gradually getting to a level where the use of slightly different
values of the solar mass, radius and luminosity, as well as different values of
fundamental physical constants, can lead to measurable systematic differences
in the determination of basic physical properties. An equivalent issue with an
inconsistent value of the speed of light was resolved by adopting a nominal
value that is constant and has no error associated with it. Analogously, we
suggest that the systematic error in stellar parameters may be eliminated by:
(1) replacing the solar radius Rsun and luminosity Lsun by the nominal values
that are by definition exact and expressed in SI units: 1 RnomSun = 6.95508 x
10^8 m and 1 LnomSun = 3.846 x 10^{26} W; (2) computing stellar masses in terms
of Msun by noting that the measurement error of the product G.Msun is 5 orders
of magnitude smaller than the error in G; (3) computing stellar masses and
temperatures in SI units by using the derived values Msun(2010) = 1.988547 x
10^{30} kg and Tsun(2010) = 5779.57 K; and (4) clearly stating the reference
for the values of the fundamental physical constants used. We discuss the need
and demonstrate the advantages of such a paradigm shift.


  This is the second of five papers that construct an isomorphism between the
Seiberg-Witten Floer homology and the Heegaard Floer homology of a given
compact, oriented 3-manifold. The isomorphism is given as a composition of
three isomorphisms; the first of these relates a version of embedded contact
homology on an an auxillary manifold to the Heegaard Floer homology on the
original. This paper describes this auxilliary manifold, its geometry, and the
relationship between the generators of the embedded contact homology chain
complex and those of the Heegaard Floer chain complex. The pseudoholomorphic
curves that define the differential on the embedded contact homology chain
complex are also described here as a first step to relate the differential on
the latter complex with that on the Heegaard Floer complex.


  Solar observations of carbon monoxide (CO) indicate the existence of
lower-temperature gas in the lower solar chromosphere. We present an
observation of pores, and quiet-Sun, and network magnetic field regions with CO
4.66 {\mu}m lines by the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrograph (CYRA) at Big Bear
Solar Observatory. We used the strong CO lines at around 4.66 {\mu}m to
understand the properties of the thermal structures of lower solar atmosphere
in different solar features with various magnetic field strengths. AIA 1700
{\AA} images, HMI continuum images and magnetograms are also included in the
observation. The data from 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation
with the Bifrost code are also employed for the first time to be compared with
the observation. We used the RH code to synthesize the CO line profiles in the
network regions. The CO 3-2 R14 line center intensity changes to be either
enhanced or diminished with increasing magnetic field strength, which should be
caused by different heating effects in magnetic flux tubes with different
sizes. We find several "cold bubbles" in the CO 3-2 R14 line center intensity
images, which can be classified into two types. One type is located in the
quiet-Sun regions without magnetic fields. The other type, which has rarely
been reported in the past, is near or surrounded by magnetic fields. Notably,
some are located at the edge of the magnetic network. The two kinds of cold
bubbles and the relationship between cold bubble intensities and network
magnetic field strength are both reproduced by the 3D MHD simulation with the
Bifrost and RH codes. The simulation also shows that there is a cold plasma
blob near the network magnetic fields, causing the observed cold bubbles seen
in the CO 3-2 R14 line center image. Our observation and simulation illustrate
that the magnetic field plays a vital role in the generation of some CO cold
bubbles.


  We consider ratios of elastic neutrino(antineutrino)-proton cross sections
measured by the Brookhaven BNL-734 experiment and use them to obtain the
neutral current (NC) over charged current (CC) neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry.
We discuss the sensitivity of these ratios and of the asymmetry to the
electric, magnetic and axial strange form factors of the nucleon and to the
axial cutoff mass M_A. We show that the effects of the nuclear structure and
interactions on the asymmetry and, in general, on ratios of cross sections are
negligible. We find some restrictions on the possible values of the parameters
characterizing the strange form factors. We show that a precise measurement of
the neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry would allow the extraction of the axial and
vector magnetic strange form factors in a model independent way. The
neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry turns out to be almost independent on the
electric strange form factor and on the axial cutoff mass.


  We construct chiral perturbation theory for the gradient flow of the
microscopic Dirac eigenvalues and compute the density of and correlations
between the microscopic eigenvalues at zero and non-zero flow time. The results
show that the repulsion of the microscopic Dirac eigenvalues from the dynamical
quark mass decreases with increasing gradient flow time. Furthermore, the flow
of the spectral resolvent is compared to the flow of the chiral condensate
obtained from a fermionic gradient flow.


  In this paper we provide constructive lower bounds on the sizes of the
largest partial ovoids of the symplectic polar spaces ${\cal W}(3, q)$, $q$ odd
square, $q \not\equiv 0 \pmod{3}$, ${\cal W}(5, q)$ and of the Hermitian polar
spaces ${\cal H}(4, q^2)$, $q$ even or $q$ odd square, $q \not\equiv 0
\pmod{3}$, ${\cal H}(6, q^2)$, ${\cal H}(8, q^2)$.


  An expeditious development of graph learning in recent years has found
innumerable applications in several diversified fields. Of the main associated
challenges are the volume and complexity of graph data. The graph learning
models suffer from the inability to efficiently learn graph information. In
order to indemnify this inefficacy, physics-informed graph learning (PIGL) is
emerging. PIGL incorporates physics rules while performing graph learning,
which has enormous benefits. This paper presents a systematic review of PIGL
methods. We begin with introducing a unified framework of graph learning models
followed by examining existing PIGL methods in relation to the unified
framework. We also discuss several future challenges for PIGL. This survey
paper is expected to stimulate innovative research and development activities
pertaining to PIGL.


  Let $B_p$ be the Latin square given by the addition table for the integers
modulo an odd prime $p$. Here we consider the properties of Latin trades in
$B_p$ which preserve orthogonality with one of the $p-1$ MOLS given by the
finite field construction. We show that for certain choices of the orthogonal
mate, there is a lower bound logarithmic in $p$ for the number of times each
symbol occurs in such a trade, with an overall lower bound of
$(\log{p})^2/\log\log{p}$ for the size of such a trade. Such trades imply the
existence of orthomorphisms of the cyclic group which differ from a linear
orthomorphism by a small amount. We also show that any transversal in $B_p$
hits the main diagonal either $p$ or at most $p-\log_2{p}-1$ times. Finally, if
$p\equiv 1\mod{6}$ we show the existence of Latin square containing a $2\times
2$ subsquare which is orthogonal to $B_p$.


  We will show the following three theorems on the diffeomorphism and
homeomorphism groups of a $K3$ surface. The first theorem is that the natural
map $\pi_{0}(Diff(K3)) \to Aut(H^{2}(K3;\mathbb{Z}))$ has a section over its
image. The second is that, there exists a subgroup $G$ of $\pi_{0}(Diff(K3))$
of order two over which there is no splitting of the map $Diff(K3) \to
\pi_{0}(Diff(K3))$, but there is a splitting of $Homeo(K3) \to
\pi_{0}(Homeo(K3))$ over the image of $G$ in $\pi_{0}(Homeo(K3))$, which is
non-trivial. The third is that the map $\pi_{1}(Diff(K3)) \to
\pi_{1}(Homeo(K3))$ is not surjective. Our proof of these results is based on
Seiberg-Witten theory and the global Torelli theorem for $K3$ surfaces.


  We tested 14 very different classification algorithms (random forest,
gradient boosting machines, SVM - linear, polynomial, and RBF - 1-hidden-layer
neural nets, extreme learning machines, k-nearest neighbors and a bagging of
knn, naive Bayes, learning vector quantization, elastic net logistic
regression, sparse linear discriminant analysis, and a boosting of linear
classifiers) on 115 real life binary datasets. We followed the Demsar analysis
and found that the three best classifiers (random forest, gbm and RBF SVM) are
not significantly different from each other. We also discuss that a change of
less then 0.0112 in the error rate should be considered as an irrelevant
change, and used a Bayesian ANOVA analysis to conclude that with high
probability the differences between these three classifiers is not of practical
consequence. We also verified the execution time of "standard implementations"
of these algorithms and concluded that RBF SVM is the fastest (significantly
so) both in training time and in training plus testing time.


  Program transformations in terms of abstract syntax trees compromise
referential integrity by introducing variable capture. Variable capture occurs
when in the generated program a variable declaration accidentally shadows the
intended target of a variable reference. Existing transformation systems either
do not guarantee the avoidance of variable capture or impair the implementation
of transformations.
  We present an algorithm called name-fix that automatically eliminates
variable capture from a generated program by systematically renaming variables.
name-fix is guided by a graph representation of the binding structure of a
program, and requires name-resolution algorithms for the source language and
the target language of a transformation. name-fix is generic and works for
arbitrary transformations in any transformation system that supports origin
tracking for names. We verify the correctness of name-fix and identify an
interesting class of transformations for which name-fix provides hygiene. We
demonstrate the applicability of name-fix for implementing capture-avoiding
substitution, inlining, lambda lifting, and compilers for two domain-specific
languages.


  Recently, diffusion models (DMs) have become the state-of-the-art method for
image synthesis. Editing models based on DMs, known for their high fidelity and
precision, have inadvertently introduced new challenges related to image
copyright infringement and malicious editing. Our work is the first to
formalize and address this issue. After assessing and attempting to enhance
traditional image watermarking techniques, we recognize their limitations in
this emerging context. In response, we develop a novel technique, RIW (Robust
Invisible Watermarking), to embed invisible watermarks leveraging adversarial
example techniques. Our technique ensures a high extraction accuracy of $96\%$
for the invisible watermark after editing, compared to the $0\%$ offered by
conventional methods. We provide access to our code at
https://github.com/BennyTMT/RIW.


  We consider an online decision making setting known as contextual bandit
problem, and propose an approach for improving contextual bandit performance by
using an adaptive feature extraction (representation learning) based on online
clustering. Our approach starts with an off-line pre-training on unlabeled
history of contexts (which can be exploited by our approach, but not by the
standard contextual bandit), followed by an online selection and adaptation of
encoders. Specifically, given an input sample (context), the proposed approach
selects the most appropriate encoding function to extract a feature vector
which becomes an input for a contextual bandit, and updates both the bandit and
the encoding function based on the context and on the feedback (reward). Our
experiments on a variety of datasets, and both in stationary and non-stationary
environments of several kinds demonstrate clear advantages of the proposed
adaptive representation learning over the standard contextual bandit based on
"raw" input contexts.


  Planetary nebulae (PNe) may be the most promising tracers in the halos of
early-type galaxies. We have used multi-object spectrographs on the WHT and the
VLT, and the new Planetary Nebula Spectrograph on the WHT, to obtain hundreds
of PN velocities in a small sample of nearby galaxies. These ellipticals show
weak halo rotation, which may be consistent with ab initio models of galaxy
formation, but not with more detailed major merger simulations. The galaxies
near L* show evidence of a universal declining velocity dispersion profile, and
dynamical models indicate the presence of little dark matter within 5 Reff --
implying halos either not as massive or not as centrally concentrated as CDM
predicts.


  We report on a search for monochromatic $\gamma$-ray features in the spectra
of galaxy clusters observed by the \emph{Fermi} Large Area Telescope. Galaxy
clusters are the largest structures in the Universe that are bound by dark
matter (DM), making them an important testing ground for possible
self-interactions or decays of the DM particles. Monochromatic $\gamma$-ray
lines provide a unique signature due to the absence of astrophysical
backgrounds and are as such considered a smoking-gun signature for new physics.
An unbinned joint likelihood analysis of the sixteen most promising clusters
using five years of data at energies between 10 and 400 GeV revealed no
significant features. For the case of self-annihilation, we set upper limits on
the monochromatic velocity-averaged interaction cross section. These limits are
compatible with those obtained from observations of the Galactic Center, albeit
weaker due to the larger distance to the studied clusters.


  Infinite series of Bessel function of the first kind, $\sum_\nu^{\pm\infty}
J_{N\nu+p}(x)$, $\sum_\nu^{\pm\infty} (-1)^\nu J_{N\nu+p}(x)$, are summed in
closed form. These expressions are evaluated by engineering a Dirac comb that
selects specific sequences within the Bessel series.


  In this paper, we propose a numerical method to solve the mass-conserved
Ohta-Kawasaki equation with finite element discretization. An unconditional
stable convex split-ting scheme is applied to time approximation. The Newton
method and its variant are used to address the implicitly nonlinear term. We
rigorously analyze the convergence of the Newton iteration methods. Theoretical
results demonstrate that two Newton iteration methods have the same convergence
rate, and the Newton method has a smaller convergent factor than the variant
one. To reduce the condition number of discretized linear system, we design two
efficient block preconditioners and analyze their spectral distribution.
Finally, we offer numerical examples to support the theoretical analysis and
indicate the efficiency of the proposed numerical methods for the
mass-conserved Ohta-Kawasaki equation.


  Shared L1 memory clusters are a common architectural pattern (e.g., in
GPGPUs) for building efficient and flexible multi-processing-element (PE)
engines. However, it is a common belief that these tightly-coupled clusters
would not scale beyond a few tens of PEs. In this work, we tackle scaling
shared L1 clusters to hundreds of PEs while supporting a flexible and
productive programming model and maintaining high efficiency. We present
MemPool, a manycore system with 256 RV32IMAXpulpimg "Snitch" cores featuring
application-tunable functional units. We designed and implemented an efficient
low-latency PE to L1-memory interconnect, an optimized instruction path to
ensure each PE's independent execution, and a powerful DMA engine and system
interconnect to stream data in and out. MemPool is easy to program, with all
the cores sharing a global view of a large, multi-banked, L1 scratchpad memory,
accessible within at most five cycles in the absence of conflicts. We provide
multiple runtimes to program MemPool at different abstraction levels and
illustrate its versatility with a wide set of applications. MemPool runs at 600
MHz (60 gate delays) in typical conditions (TT/0.80 V/25 {\deg}C) in 22 nm FDX
technology and achieves a performance of up to 229 GOPS or 180 GOPS/W with less
than 2% of execution stalls.


  Contrary to common belief, the requirement that supersymmetry exists and that
there are two Higgs doublets and no singlet at the electroweak energy scale
does not necessarily result in the minimal supersymmetric standard model
(MSSM). Two interesting alternatives are presented.


  Aesthetics are critically important to market acceptance. In the automotive
industry, an improved aesthetic design can boost sales by 30% or more. Firms
invest heavily in designing and testing aesthetics. A single automotive "theme
clinic" can cost over $100,000, and hundreds are conducted annually. We propose
a model to augment the commonly-used aesthetic design process by predicting
aesthetic scores and automatically generating innovative and appealing product
designs. The model combines a probabilistic variational autoencoder (VAE) with
adversarial components from generative adversarial networks (GAN) and a
supervised learning component. We train and evaluate the model with data from
an automotive partner-images of 203 SUVs evaluated by targeted consumers and
180,000 high-quality unrated images. Our model predicts well the appeal of new
aesthetic designs-43.5% improvement relative to a uniform baseline and
substantial improvement over conventional machine learning models and
pretrained deep neural networks. New automotive designs are generated in a
controllable manner for use by design teams. We empirically verify that
automatically generated designs are (1) appealing to consumers and (2) resemble
designs which were introduced to the market five years after our data were
collected. We provide an additional proof-of-concept application using
opensource images of dining room chairs.


  In this paper, we study the global attractivity for a class of periodic
difference equation with delay which has a generalized form of Pielou's
difference equation. The global dynamics of the equation is characterized by
using a relation between the upper and lower limit of the solution. There are
two possible global dynamics: zero solution is globally attractive or there
exists a periodic solution which is globally attractive. Recent results in [E.
Camouzis, G. Ladas, Periodically forced Pielou's equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl.
333 (1) (2007) 117-127] is generalized. Two examples are given to illustrate
our results.


  Previous studies revealed that electromagnetic cyclotron waves (ECWs) near
the proton cyclotron frequency exist widely in the solar wind, and the majority
of ECWs are left-handed (LH) polarized waves. Using the magnetic field data
from the STEREO mission, this Letter carries out a survey of ECWs over a long
period of 7 years, and calculates the occurrence rates of ECWs with different
polarization senses. Results show that the occurrence rate is nearly a constant
for the ECWs with right-handed polarization, but it varies significantly for
the ECWs with LH polarization. Further investigation of plasma conditions
reveals that the LH ECWs take place preferentially in a plasma characterized by
higher temperature, lower density, and larger velocity. Some considerable
correlations between the occurrence rate of LH ECWs and the properties of
ambient plasmas are discussed. The present research may provide evidence for
effect of alpha particles on generation of ECWs.


  The product of the electronic width of the $J/\psi$ meson and the branching
fractions of its decay to hadrons and electrons has been measured using the
KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M $e^+e^-$ collider. The obtained values are:
$\Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi) = 5.550 \pm 0.056 \pm 0.089 \, \text{keV}, $
$\Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi) \cdot \mathcal{B}_\text{hadrons}(J/\psi) = 4.884 \pm 0.048
\pm 0.078 \, \text{keV}, $ $\Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi) \cdot \mathcal{B}_{ee}(J/\psi)
= 0.3331 \pm 0.0066 \pm 0.0040 \, \text{keV}.$ The uncertainties shown are
statistical and systematic, respectively. Using the result presented and the
world-average value of the electronic branching fraction, one obtains the total
width of the $J/\psi$ meson: $\Gamma = 92.94 \pm 1.83 \, \text{keV}.$ These
results are consistent with the previous experiments.


  We consider the stochastic heat equation on $\mathbb R^d$ with multiplicative
space-time white noise noise smoothed in space. For $d\geq 3$ and small noise
intensity, the solution is known to converge to a strictly positive random
variable as the smoothing parameter vanishes. In this regime, we study the rate
of convergence and show that the pointwise fluctuations of the smoothened
solutions as well as that of the underlying martingale of the Brownian directed
polymer converge to a Gaussian limit.


  In this talk I discuss the role of proto-globular clusters as the dominant
sources of radiation that reionised hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM)
at redshift z~6. Observations at lower redshifts indicate that only a small
fraction, f_esc, of hydrogen ionising radiation emitted from massive stars can
escape unabsorbed by the galaxy into the IGM. High redshift galaxies are
expected to be more compact and gas rich than present day galaxies,
consequently f_esc from their disks or spheroids might have been very small.
But if the sites of star formation in the galaxies are off-centre and if the
star formation efficiency of the proto-clusters is high, then the mean f_esc
calculated for these objects only, is expected to be close to unity.
  Here I argue that this mode of star formation is consistent with several
models for globular clusters formation. Using simple arguments based on the
observed number of globular cluster systems in the local universe and assuming
that the oldest globular clusters formed before reionisation and had f_esc~1, I
show that they produced enough ionising photons to reionise the IGM at z~6. I
also enphasize that globular cluster formation might have been the dominant
mode of star formation at redshifts from 6 to 12.


  We prove that the $\ell$-adic Chern classes of canonical extensions of
automorphic vector bundles, over toroidal compactifications of Shimura
varieties of Hodge type over $\bar{ \mathbb{Q}}_p$, descend to classes in the
$\ell$-adic cohomology of the minimal compactifications. These are invariant
under the Galois group of the $p$-adic field above which the variety and the
bundle are defined.


  Three schemes of quark mixings (oscillations) together with their mixing
matrices (analogous to Kabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices) are considered. In
these schemes quark transitions are virtual since quark masses are different.
Two of them belong to the so called mass mixing schemes (mixing parameters are
expressed by elements of mass matrices) and the third scheme belongs to the
charge mixings one (mixing parameters are expressed through charges). For these
schemes the expressions for transition probabilities between $d, s, b$ quarks
are obtained. The analysis of situation with the quark mixing parameters in
these schemes is fulfilled.


  In this note, we study the ultimate ruin probabilities of a real-valued
L{\'e}vy process X with light-tailed negative jumps. It is well-known that, for
such L{\'e}vy processes, the probability of ruin decreases as an exponential
function with a rate given by the root of the Laplace exponent, when the
initial value goes to infinity. Under the additional assumption that X has
integrable positive jumps, we show how a finer analysis of the Laplace exponent
gives in fact a complete description of the bounds on the probability of ruin
for this class of L{\'e}vy processes. This leads to the identification of a
case that is not considered in the literature and for which we give an example.
We then apply the result to various risk models and in particular the
Cram{\'e}r-Lundberg model perturbed by Brownian motion.


  Thamrongthanyalak demonstrated a definable version of Michael's selection
theorem in d-minimal expansions of the real field. We generalize this result to
the case in which the structures are d-minimal expansions of ordered fields
$\mathcal F=(F,<,+,\cdot,0,1,\ldots)$. We also show that we can choose a
definable continuous selection $f$ of a lower semi-continuous map $T:E
\rightrightarrows F$ so that $f(x)$ is contained in the interior of $T(x)$ when
the interior is not empty.


  Using 9.0 $\rm fb^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data collected at
center-of-mass energies from 4.178 to 4.278 GeV with the BESIII detector at the
BEPCII collider, we perform the first search for the radiative transition
$\chi_{c1}(3872)\to\gamma \psi_2(3823)$. No $\chi_{c1}(3872)\to\gamma
\psi_2(3823)$ signal is observed. The upper limit on the ratio of branching
fractions $\mathcal{B}(\chi_{c1}(3872)\to\gamma \psi_2(3823),
\psi_2(3823)\to\gamma\chi_{c1})/\mathcal{B}(\chi_{c1}(3872)\to\pi^+\pi^-
J/\psi)$ is set as 0.075 at the 90\% confidence level. Our result contradicts
theoretical predictions under the assumption that the $\chi_{c1}(3872)$ is the
pure charmonium state $\chi_{c1}(2P)$.


  In this paper, we use Fourier analysis to study the superconvergence of the
semi-discrete discontinuous Galerkin method for scalar linear advection
equations in one spatial dimension. The error bounds and asymptotic errors are
derived for initial discretization by $L_2$ projection, Gauss-Radau projection,
and other projections proposed by Cao et. al. For pedagogical purpose, the
errors are computed in two different ways. In the first approach, we compute
the difference between the numerical solution and a special interpolation of
the exact solution, and show that it consists of an asymptotic error of order
$2k+1$ and a transient error of lower order. In the second approach, as by
Chalmers and Krivodonova, we compute the error directly by decomposition into
physical and nonphysical modes, and obtain agreement with the first approach.
We then extend the analysis to vector conservation laws, solved using the
Lax-Friedrichs flux. We prove that the superconvergence holds with the same
order. The error bounds and asymptotic errors are demonstrated by various
numerical experiments for scalar and vector advection equations.


  We report the doping high concentration of tetravalent Ge4+ ions (5 mol % for
x = 0.05 to 30 mol % for x = 0.30) at the Fe3+ sites of Fe2-xGexO3 system by
chemical coprecipitation route. The charge state of Fe and Ge ions has been
modified into lower values, in addition to their normal +3 and +4 states, to
stabilize the rhombohedral phase of hematite ({\alpha}-Fe2O3) structure. X-ray
photoelectron spectra and optical band gap measurements indicated a combination
of ionic and covalence character of metal-oxygen bonds as an effect of Ge
doping in hematite structure. The Ge doped hematite samples have exhibited wide
band gap semiconductor properties with band gap 4.50-4.70 eV and remarkably
enhanced electrical conductivity ({\sigma} ~ 10-4 S/m) in comparison to
{\alpha}-Fe2O3 (10-11 S/m). The thermo-conductivity measurements using warming
and cooling modes showed a highly irreversible feature in the semiconductor
regime at higher temperatures. Some of the samples indicated metal-like state
at lower temperature, in addition to semiconductor state. Our experimental
results confirmed the strategy of enhancing electrical conductivity by doping
tetravalent ions in hematite structure. It has been understood that combination
of ionic and covalence character of the metal-oxygen bonds has played an
important role in modifying the semiconductor properties in Ge doped Fe2O3
system.


  An oscillatory dependence of the drain current on the drain voltage is found
in a nanostructure consisting of two crossing semiconductor carbon nanotubes
that are suspended over a dielectric trench, which is backed by a doped silicon
substrate that acts as a gate. Alternating positive and negative differential
resistance regions are generated as a function of the drain source values and
can be slightly shifted by the gate voltage. Moreover, the negative
differential resistance is retrieved in a large bandwidth, of up to 100 MHz,
when the structure is excited with ac signals.


  Electromagnetic observations of the first binary Neutron Star (BNS) merger
GW170817 has established that relativistic jets can be successfully launched in
BNS mergers. Typically, such jets produce emission in two phases: $\gamma$-ray
prompt emission and multi-wavelength afterglow. Due to relativistic
de-boosting, the detectability of both these counterparts is dependent on the
angle ($\theta_v$) between the observer's line of sight and the jet axis. We
compare the detectability of prompt and afterglow emission from off-axis jets,
assuming standard detector thresholds. We find that for top-hat jets, afterglow
is a more potential counterpart than the prompt emission even with unfavorable
afterglow parameters. For structured jets with a Gaussian profile, prompt
emission is more promising than the afterglows at extreme viewing angles, under
the assumption that the energy emitted in the prompt phase equals the kinetic
energy of the outflow. Assuming a Gaussian jet profile, we forecast the
population of $\gamma$-ray detections and find that extreme viewing angle
events like GRB170817A will be rare. In our simulated sample, the observed
isotropic equivalent energy in $\gamma$-rays is moderately correlated with the
viewing angle, such that a low $E_{\rm iso, \gamma}$ is almost always
associated with a high off-axis viewing angle.


  The design of liquid-crystal diffractive phase plate coronagraphs for
ground-based and space-based high-contrast imaging systems is limited by the
trade-off between spectral bandwidth and polarization leakage. We demonstrate
that by combining phase patterns with a polarization grating (PG) pattern
directly followed by one or several separate PGs, we can suppress the
polarization leakage terms by additional orders of magnitude by diffracting
them out of the beam. \textcolor{black}{Using two PGs composed of a
single-layer liquid crystal structure in the lab, we demonstrate a leakage
suppression of more than an order of magnitude over a bandwidth of 133 nm
centered around 532 nm. At this center wavelength we measure a leakage
suppression of three orders of magnitude.} Furthermore, simulations indicate
that a combination of two multi-layered liquid-crystal PGs can suppress leakage
to $<10^{-5}$ for 1-2.5 $\mu$m and $<10^{-10}$ for 650-800 nm. We introduce
multi-grating solutions with three or more gratings that can be designed to
have no separation of the two circular polarization states, and offer even
deeper suppression of polarization leakage. We present simulations of a
triple-grating solution that has $<10^{-10}$ leakage on the first Airy ring
from 450 nm to 800 nm. We apply the double-grating concept to the Vector-Vortex
coronagraph of charge 4, and demonstrate in the lab that polarization leakage
no longer limits the on-axis suppression for ground-based contrast levels.
Lastly, we report on the successful installation and first-light results of a
double-grating vector Apodizing Phase Plate pupil-plane coronagraph installed
at the Large Binocular Telescope. We discuss the implications of these new
coronagraph architectures for high-contrast imaging systems on the ground and
in space.


  Multiplicity, rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of hadrons
produced both in inelastic and nondiffractive $pp$ collisions at energies from
$\sqrt{s} = 200$\,GeV to 14\,TeV are studied within the Monte Carlo quark-gluon
string model (QGSM). Good agreement with the available experimental data up to
$\sqrt{s} = 13$\,TeV is obtained, and predictions are made for the collisions
at top LHC energy $\sqrt{s} = 14$\,TeV. The model indicates that Feynman
scaling and extended longitudinal scaling remain valid in the fragmentation
regions, whereas strong violation of Feynman scaling is observed at
midrapidity. The Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling in multiplicity
distributions is violated at LHC also. The origin of both maintenance and
violation of the scaling trends is traced to short range correlations of
particles in the strings and interplay between the multistring processes at
ultrarelativistic energies.


  Numerous security attacks that resulted in devastating consequences can be
traced back to a delay in applying a security patch. Despite the criticality of
timely patch application, not much is known about why and how delays occur when
applying security patches in practice, and how the delays can be mitigated.
Based on longitudinal data collected from 132 delayed patching tasks over a
period of four years and observations of patch meetings involving eight teams
from two organisations in the healthcare domain, and using quantitative and
qualitative data analysis approaches, we identify a set of reasons relating to
technology, people and organisation as key explanations that cause delays in
patching. Our findings also reveal that the most prominent cause of delays is
attributable to coordination delays in the patch management process and a
majority of delays occur during the patch deployment phase. Towards mitigating
the delays, we describe a set of strategies employed by the studied
practitioners. This research serves as the first step towards understanding the
practical reasons for delays and possible mitigation strategies in
vulnerability patch management. Our findings provide useful insights for
practitioners to understand what and where improvement is needed in the patch
management process and guide them towards taking timely actions against
potential attacks. Also, our findings help researchers to invest effort into
designing and developing computer-supported tools to better support a timely
security patch management process.


  The astonishing diversity in the observed planetary population requires
theoretical efforts and advances in planet formation theories. Numerical
approaches provide a method to tackle the weaknesses of current planet
formation models and are an important tool to close gaps in poorly constrained
areas. We present a global disk setup to model the first stages of giant planet
formation via gravitational instabilities (GI) in 3D with the block-structured
adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) hydrodynamics code ENZO. With this setup, we
explore the impact of AMR techniques on the fragmentation and clumping due to
large-scale instabilities using different AMR configurations. Additionally, we
seek to derive general resolution criteria for global simulations of
self-gravitating disks of variable extent. We run a grid of simulations with
varying AMR settings, including runs with a static grid for comparison, and
study the effects of varying the disk radius. Adopting a marginally stable disk
profile (Q_init=1), we validate the numerical robustness of our model for
different spatial extensions, from compact to larger, extended disks (R_disk =
10, 100 and 300 AU, M_disk ~ 0.05 M_Sun, M_star = 0.646 M_Sun). By combining
our findings from the resolution and parameter studies we find a lower limit of
the resolution to be able to resolve GI induced fragmentation features and
distinct, turbulence inducing clumps. Irrespective of the physical extension of
the disk, topologically disconnected clump features are only resolved if the
fragmentation-active zone of the disk is resolved with at least 100 cells,
which holds as a minimum requirement for all global disk setups. Our
simulations illustrate the capabilities of AMR-based modeling techniques for
planet formation simulations and underline the importance of balanced
refinement settings to reproduce fragmenting structures.


  The Aharonov-Casher effect is the analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect that
applies to neutral particles carrying a magnetic moment.
  This can be manifested by vortices or fluxons flowing in trajectories that
encompass an electric charge. These have been predicted to result in a
persistent voltage which fluctuates for different sample realizations. Here we
show that disordered superconductors exhibit reproducible voltage fluctuation,
antisymmetrical with respect to magnetic field, as a function of various
parameters such as magnetic field amplitude, field orientations and gate
voltage. These results are interpreted as the vortex equivalent of the
universal conductance fluctuations typical of mesoscopic disordered metallic
systems. We analyze the data in the framework of random matrix theory and show
that the fluctuation correlation functions and curvature distributions exhibit
behavior which is the fingerprint of Aronov-Casher physics. The results
demonstrate the quantum nature of the vortices in highly disordered
superconductors both above and below $T_c$.


  We consider the role of the reconstruction of the initial state in the
deviation from exponential decay at short and long times. The long time decay
can be attributed to a wave that was, in a classical-like, probabilistic sense,
fully outside the initial state or the inner region at intermediate times,
i.e., to a completely reconstructed state, whereas the decay during the
exponential regime is due instead to a non-reconstructed wave. At short times
quantum interference between regenerated and non-regenerated paths is
responsible for the deviation from the exponential decay. We may thus conclude
that state reconstruction is a ``consistent history'' for long time deviations
but not for short ones.


  Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for the next
generation of wireless networking due to its self-forming, self-organizing and
self-healing properties. However, due to the multi-hop nature of communications
in WMN, we cannot assume that all nodes in the network are cooperative. Nodes
may drop all of the data packets they received to mount a Denial of Service
(DoS) attack. In this paper, we proposed a lightweight trust detection
mechanism called Trusted Entropy and Dempster Shafer (TEDS) to mitigate the
effects of blackhole attacks. This novel idea combines entropy function and
Dempster Shafer belief theory to derive a trust rating for a node. If the trust
rating of a node is less than a threshold, it will be blacklisted and isolated
from the network. In this way, the network can be assured of a secure end to
end path free of malicious nodes for data forwarding. Our proposed idea has
been extensively tested in simulation using network simulator NS-3 and
simulation results show that we are able to improve the packet delivery ratio
with slight increase in normalized routing overhead.


  The ever-increasing number of applications to job positions presents a
challenge for employers to find suitable candidates manually. We present an
end-to-end solution for ranking candidates based on their suitability to a job
description. We accomplish this in two stages. First, we build a resume parser
which extracts complete information from candidate resumes. This parser is made
available to the public in the form of a web application. Second, we use BERT
sentence pair classification to perform ranking based on their suitability to
the job description. To approximate the job description, we use the description
of past job experiences by a candidate as mentioned in his resume. Our dataset
comprises resumes in LinkedIn format and general non-LinkedIn formats. We parse
the LinkedIn resumes with 100\% accuracy and establish a strong baseline of
73\% accuracy for candidate suitability.


  This study presents empirical evidence to support the validity of new
definitions in financial markets. The author develops a new method to determine
investors' risk attitudes in financial markets. The risk attitudes of investors
in US financial markets from 1889-1978 are analyzed and the results indicate
that equity investors who invested in the composite S&P 500 index were
risk-averse in 1977. Conversely, risk-free asset investors who invested in US
Treasury bills were found to exhibit not enough risk-loving behavior, which can
be considered a type of risk-averse behavior. These findings suggest that the
new definitions in financial markets accurately reflect the behavior of
investors and should be considered in investment strategies.


  A theory of time and space with fractional dimensions (FD) of time and space
($d_{\alpha}, \alpha=t,{\bf r})$ defined on multifractal sets is proposed. The
FD is determined (using principle of minimum the functionals of FD) by the
energy densities of Lagrangians of known physical fields. To describe behaviour
of functions defined on multifractal sets the generalizations of the fractional
Riemann-Liouville derivatives $D_{t}^{d(t)}$ are introduced with the order of
differentiation (depending on time and coordinate) being equal the value of
fractional dimension. For $d_{t}=const$ the generalized fractional derivatives
(GFD) reduce to ordinary Riemann-Liouville integral functionals, and when
$d_{t}$ is close to integer, GFD can be represented by means of derivatives of
integer order. For time and space with fractional dimensions a method to
investigate the generalized equations of theoretical physics by means of GFD is
proposed. The Euler equations defined on multifractal sets of time and space
are obtained using the principle of the minimum of FD functionals. As an
example, a generalized Newton equation is considered and it is shown that this
equation coincide with the equation of classical limit of general theory of
relativity for $d_{t} \to 1$. Several remarks concerning existence of repulsive
gravitation are discussed. The possibility of geometrization all the known
physical fields and forces in the frames of the fractal theory of time and
space is demonstrated.


  The prospects for the determination of the properties of a hypothetical boson
discovered at the Large Hadron Collider using measurements to be performed with
the ATLAS and CMS detectors are summarized. The properties that are discussed
are the mass of the boson, its width, the strength of its couplings to
fermions, the strength and structure of its couplings to gauge bosons and its
spin and CP quantum numbers.


  We explain the geometric origin of the $L_{\infty}$-algebra controlling
deformations of pre-symplectic structures.


  The minimum regularized covariance determinant method (MRCD) is a robust
estimator for multivariate location and scatter, which detects outliers by
fitting a robust covariance matrix to the data. Its regularization ensures that
the covariance matrix is well-conditioned in any dimension. The MRCD assumes
that the non-outlying observations are roughly elliptically distributed, but
many datasets are not of that form. Moreover, the computation time of MRCD
increases substantially when the number of variables goes up, and nowadays
datasets with many variables are common. The proposed Kernel Minimum
Regularized Covariance Determinant (KMRCD) estimator addresses both issues. It
is not restricted to elliptical data because it implicitly computes the MRCD
estimates in a kernel induced feature space. A fast algorithm is constructed
that starts from kernel-based initial estimates and exploits the kernel trick
to speed up the subsequent computations. Based on the KMRCD estimates, a rule
is proposed to flag outliers. The KMRCD algorithm performs well in simulations,
and is illustrated on real-life data.


  Very metal-poor (VMP) stars (${\rm [Fe/H]}\leq -2$) that have sub-solar
values of ${\rm [X/Fe]}$ for $\alpha$ elements such as Mg, Si, and Ca, are
referred to as $\alpha$-poor VMP stars. They are quite rare among VMP stars and
are thought to have formed from gas enriched predominantly by a single Type Ia
supernovae (SN1a) in contrast to most VMP stars which are $\alpha$-enhanced and
usually associated with core-collapse supernovae. The observed abundance
pattern in such stars can provide a direct way to probe the nucleosynthesis in
individual SN1a. Although the abundance patterns in some $\alpha$-poor VMP
stars have been shown to be consistent with SN1a ejecta, a clear
nucleosynthetic signature for SN1a resulting from the explosion of a near
Chandrasekhar mass (near-${\rm M_{Ch}}$) or a sub-Chandrasekhar mass (sub-${\rm
M_{Ch}}$) white dwarf, has not been unambiguously detected. We perform a
detailed analysis of various formation channels of VMP stars and find that the
$\alpha$-poor VMP star SDSSJ0018-0939, which was earlier reported as a star
with potential pair-instability supernova origin, provides almost a smoking-gun
signature of a sub-${\rm M_{Ch}}$ SN1a resulting from He detonation. We find
that compared to other $\alpha$-poor VMP stars that were previously identified
with SN1a, SDSSJ0018-0939 is the only star that has a clear and unambiguous
signature of SN1a. Interestingly, our results are consistent with constraints
on SN1a from recent galactic chemical evolution studies that indicate that
sub-${\rm M_{Ch}}$ SN1a account for $\sim 50\hbox{--}75\,\%$ of all SN1a and
are possibly the dominant channel in the early Galaxy.


  The e-VLBI technique offers a unique opportunity for users to probe the
milliarcsecond (mas) scale structure of unidentified radio sources, and
organise quick follow-up observations in case of detection. Here we report on
e-EVN results for a peculiar radio source that has been suggested to act as a
gravitational lens. However the lensing galaxy has not been identified in the
optical or the IR bands so far. Our goal was to look for an active galactic
nucleus (AGN) in this suspected dark lens system. The results indicate strong
AGN activity, and rule out the possibility that the radio source itself is
gravitationally lensed.


  Bayesian experimental design (BED) has been used as a method for conducting
efficient experiments based on Bayesian inference. The existing methods,
however, mostly focus on maximizing the expected information gain (EIG); the
cost of experiments and sample efficiency are often not taken into account. In
order to address this issue and enhance practical applicability of BED, we
provide a new approach Sequential Experimental Design via Reinforcement
Learning to construct BED in a sequential manner by applying reinforcement
learning in this paper. Here, reinforcement learning is a branch of machine
learning in which an agent learns a policy to maximize its reward by
interacting with the environment. The characteristics of interacting with the
environment are similar to the sequential experiment, and reinforcement
learning is indeed a method that excels at sequential decision making.
  By proposing a new real-world-oriented experimental environment, our approach
aims to maximize the EIG while keeping the cost of experiments and sample
efficiency in mind simultaneously. We conduct numerical experiments for three
different examples. It is confirmed that our method outperforms the existing
methods in various indices such as the EIG and sampling efficiency, indicating
that our proposed method and experimental environment can make a significant
contribution to application of BED to the real world.


  We study the structure of renormalons in the Heavy Quark Effective Theory, by
expanding the heavy quark propagator in powers of $1/m_Q$. We demonstrate that
the way in which renormalons appear depends on the regularisation scheme used
to define the effective theory. In order to investigate the relation between
ultraviolet renormalons and power divergences of matrix elements of
higher-dimensional operators in the heavy quark expansion, we perform
calculations in dimensional regularisation and in three different cut-off
regularisation schemes. In the case of the kinetic energy operator, we find
that the leading ultraviolet renormalon which corresponds to a quadratic
divergence, is absent in all but one (the lattice) regularisation scheme. The
nature of this ``invisible renormalon'' remains unclear.


  Analytical modeling of the evolution of cylindrical and spherical shock waves
(shocks) during an implosion in water is presented for an intermediate range of
convergence radii. Up to now this range is determined only in experiments
observations as a range of implosion radii which are already far from the
piston influence, but yet not described by well-known self-similar solutions.
The model is based on an analysis of the change in pressure and kinetic energy
density, as well as on the corresponding fluxes of internal and kinetic energy
densities behind the shock front. It shows that the spatial evolution of the
shock velocity strongly depends on the initial compression, the adiabatic index
of water, and the geometry of convergence. The model also explains the
transition to a rapid like self-similar increase in the shock velocity at only
a certain radius of the shock that is observed in experiments. The dependence
of the threshold radius, where the shock implosion follows the power law (quasi
self-similarity), on the initial compression is determined. It is stated that
in the entire range of the shock radii the internal and kinetic energy density
fluxes are equal, which is in agreement with known experimental data.


  The sine-Gordon model with Neumann boundary condition is investigated. Using
the bootstrap principle the spectrum of boundary bound states is established.
Somewhat surprisingly it is found that Coleman-Thun diagrams and bound state
creation may coexist. A framework to describe finite size effects in boundary
integrable theories is developed and used together with the truncated conformal
space approach to confirm the bound states and reflection factors derived by
bootstrap.


  We discuss the possibility that the two nearby resonances observed by BESIII
partially below the \,$p\bar p$\, threshold might be due to mixing between two
metastable states with the same $J^{PC}=0^{-+}$ quantum numbers, but rather
different internal structure. One is a $p \bar p$ hadronic molecule and the
other a bound state of a light-quark diquark and an antidiquark, both with spin
1 and isospin 0, a composite color antitriplet and triplet, respectively. The
doubling of resonances, one of which may be interpreted as a hadronic molecule,
while the other arises from $q \bar q$ annihilation in a state with vacuum
quantum numbers may be a more general feature than the specific case considered
here.


  Inspired by experiments on the actin driven propulsion of micrometer sized
beads we develop and study a minimal mechanical model of a two-dimensional
network of stiff elastic filaments grown from the surface of a cylinder.
Starting out from a discrete model of the network structure and of its
microscopic mechanical behavior we derive a macroscopic constitutive law by
homogenization techniques. We calculate the axisymmetric equilibrium state and
study its linear stability depending on the microscopic mechanical properties.
We find that thin networks are linearly stable, whereas thick networks are
unstable. The critical thickness for the change in stability depends on the
ratio of the microscopic elastic constants. The instability is induced by the
increase in the compressive load on the inner network layers as the thickness
of the network increases. The here employed homogenization approach combined
with more elaborate microscopic models can serve as a basis to study the
evolution of polymerizing actin networks and the mechanism of actin driven
motion.


  In this paper the Modified Fractal Signature method is applied to real
Synthetic Aperture Radar images provided to our research group by SET 163
Working Group on SAR radar techniques. This method uses the blanket technique
to provide useful information for SAR image classification. It is based on the
calculation of the volume of a blanket, corresponding to the image to be
classified, and then on the calculation of the corresponding Fractal Area curve
and Fractal Dimension curve of the image. The main idea concerning this
proposed technique is the fact that different terrain types encountered in SAR
images yield different values of Fractal Area curves and Fractal Dimension
curves, upon which classification of different types of terrain is possible. As
a result, a classification technique for five different terrain types, i.e.
urban, suburban, rural, mountain and sea, is presented in this paper.


  The magnetic fields and energy flows in an astronomical jet described by our
earlier model are calculated in detail. Though the field distribution varies
with the external pressure function p(z), it depends only weakly on the other
boundary conditions. Individual fieldlines were plotted; the lines become
nearly vertical at the bottom and are twisted at the top. An animation of a
fieldline's motion was made, which shows the line being wound up by the
accretion disc's differential rotation and rising as a result of this. The
distribution of Poynting flux within the jet indicates that much of the energy
flows up the jet from the inside of the accretion disc but a substantial
fraction flows back down to the outside.


  We demonstrate that the $3\sigma$ excess observed by ATLAS in the Z + MET
channel can be explained within the context of the MSSM. Using the freedom
inherent in the pMSSM, we perform a detailed analysis of the parameter space
and find a scenario that describes the excess while simultaneously complying
with all other search constraints from the Run I data at 7 and 8 TeV, including
the Z + MET analysis by CMS. We generate a small sample of simplified models,
using promising models from our existing pMSSM sample as seeds, and study their
properties. The successful region is described by the production of 1st/2nd
generation squark pairs, followed by their decay into a bino-like neutralino
which in turn decays into a Higgsino-like LSP triplet by emitting a Z boson,
i.e., $\tilde q\to\tilde B\to\tilde h$ with $\tilde q = \tilde Q_L,\tilde u_R,$
or $\tilde d_R$. The sweet spot for the sparticle spectrum is found to have
squark masses in the 500-750 GeV range, with bino masses near 350 GeV with a
mass splitting of 150-200 GeV with the Higgsino LSP. If this excess holds, then
this scenario predicts that a signal will be observed in the 0l + jets and/or
1l + jets searches in the early operations of Run II.


  Suppose $\mu$ be a Beltrami coefficient on the unit disk, which is compatible
with a convex co-compact Fuchsian group $G$ of the second kind. In this paper
we show that if $\displaystyle\frac{|\mu|^{2}}{1-|z|^{2}}dxdy $ satisfies the
Carleson condition on the infinite boundary boundary of the Dirichlet domain of
$G$, then $\displaystyle\frac{|\mu|^{2}}{1-|z|^{2}}dxdy$ is a Carleson measure
on the unit disk.


  The method of optimizing entropy is used to (i) conduct Asymptotic Hypothesis
Testing and (ii) determine the particle distribution for which Entropy is
maximized. This paper focuses on two related applications of Information
Theory: Statistics and Statistical Mechanics.


  We elaborate the Chern-Simons (CS) matrix models at large $N$. The saddle
point equations of these matrix models have a curious structure which cannot be
seen in the ordinary one matrix models. Thanks to this structure, an infinite
number of multi-cut solutions exist in the CS matrix models. Particularly we
exactly derive the two-cut solutions at finite 't\,Hooft coupling in the pure
CS matrix model. In the ABJM matrix model, we argue that some of multi-cut
solutions might be interpreted as a condensation of the D2-brane instantons.


  Recent progress in understanding the strong physics regime of QCD is
described. The role played by condensates, particularly $<q{\bar q} >$, in
breaking chiral symmetry and generating constituent masses for $u$ and $d$
quarks is reviewed. The influence this has on hadrons with vacuum quantum
numbers is emphasised. What we know of this sector from recent experiments on
$\phi$-radiative decays and from $D$ decays to light hadrons is discussed. How
we may gain a more complete understanding of this vacuum sector is outlined.


  Copy Number Variations (CNVs) of regions of the human genome are important in
disease association studies.The digital array is a nanofluidic biochip which
utilizes integrated channels and valves that partition mixtures of sample and
reagents into 765 nanovolume reaction chambers. It was recently shown how one
can perform statistical analysis of CNV in a DNA sample the digital array. In
particular, it was shown how one can accurately estimate the true concentration
of the molecules in the DNA sample and then determine the ratios of different
sequences along with statistical confidence intervals on these estimations. In
this paper we perform computation of maximum number of copies which can be
distinguished using the digital array which gives its resolution in terms of
its ability to determine CNV. Then, we demonstrate the usefulness of the
mathematical analysis to solve an important real-world problem of determination
of the copy number of X chromosome as our example application.


  In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing a general homogeneous
quadratic function, subject to three real or four complex homogeneous quadratic
inequality or equality constraints. For this problem, we present a sufficient
and necessary test condition to detect whether its typical semidefinite
programming (SDP) relaxation is tight or not. This test condition is easily
verifiable, and is based on only an optimal solution pair of the SDP relaxation
and its dual. When the tightness is confirmed, a global optimal solution of the
original problem is found simultaneously in polynomial-time. Furthermore, as an
application of the test condition, S-lemma and Yuan's lemma are generalized to
three real and four complex quadratic forms first under certain exact
conditions, which improves some classical results in literature. Finally,
numerical experiments demonstrate the numerical effectiveness of the test
condition.


  We investigate the contribution of major mergers (mass ratios $>1:5$) to
stellar mass growth and morphological transformations around the epoch of peak
cosmic star formation ($z\sim2$). We visually classify a complete sample of
massive (M $>$ 10$^{10}$M$_{\odot}$) galaxies at this epoch, drawn from the
CANDELS survey, into late-type galaxies, major mergers, spheroids and disturbed
spheroids which show morphological disturbances. Given recent simulation work,
which indicates that recent ($<$0.3-0.4 Gyr) major-merger remnants exhibit
clear tidal features in such images, we use the fraction of disturbed spheroids
to probe the role of major mergers in driving morphological transformations.
The percentage of blue spheroids (i.e. with ongoing star formation) that show
morphological disturbances is only 21 $\pm$ 4%, indicating that major mergers
are not the dominant mechanism for spheroid creation at $z\sim2$ - other
processes, such as minor mergers or cold accretion are likely to be the main
drivers of this process. We also use the rest-frame U-band luminosity as a
proxy for star formation to show that only a small fraction of the star
formation budget ($\sim$3%) is triggered by major mergers. Taken together, our
results show that major mergers are not significant drivers of galaxy evolution
at $z\sim2$.


  We show that the non-locality together with the statistical character makes
the world statistically separable. The super-luminal signal transmission is
impossible. The quantum theory is therefore consistent with the relativity and
the causality.