  The existing crowd counting methods usually adopted attention mechanism to
tackle background noise, or applied multi-level features or multi-scales
context fusion to tackle scale variation. However, these approaches deal with
these two problems separately. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid Attention
Network (HAN) by employing Progressive Embedding Scale-context (PES)
information, which enables the network to simultaneously suppress noise and
adapt head scale variation. We build the hybrid attention mechanism through
paralleling spatial attention and channel attention module, which makes the
network to focus more on the human head area and reduce the interference of
background objects. Besides, we embed certain scale-context to the hybrid
attention along the spatial and channel dimensions for alleviating these
counting errors caused by the variation of perspective and head scale. Finally,
we propose a progressive learning strategy through cascading multiple hybrid
attention modules with embedding different scale-context, which can gradually
integrate different scale-context information into the current feature map from
global to local. Ablation experiments provides that the network architecture
can gradually learn multi-scale features and suppress background noise.
Extensive experiments demonstrate that HANet obtain state-of-the-art counting
performance on four mainstream datasets.


  A major unsolved problem (according to Demailly 1997) towards the Kobayashi
hyperbolicity conjecture in optimal degree is to understand jet differentials
of germs of holomorphic discs that are invariant under any reparametrization of
the source. The underlying group action is not reductive, but we provide a
complete algorithm to generate all invariants, in arbitrary dimension n and for
jets of arbitrary order k.
  Two main new situations are studied in great details. For jets of order 4 in
dimension 4, we establish that the algebra of Demailly-Semple invariants is
generated by 2835 polynomials, while the algebra of bi-invariants is generated
by 16 mutually independent polynomials sharing 41 groebnerized syzygies.
Nonconstant entire holomorphic curves valued in an algebraic 3-fold (resp.
4-fold) X^3 in P^4 (C) (resp. X^4 in P^5(C)) of degree d satisfy global
differential equations as soon as d > 71 (resp. d > 258). A useful asymptotic
formula for the Euler-Poincare characteristic of Schur bundles in terms of
Giambelli's determinants is derived.
  For jets of order 5 in dimension 2, we establish that the algebra of
Demailly-Semple invariants is generated by 56 polynomials, while the algebra of
bi-invariants is generated by 17 mutually independent polynomials sharing 105
groebnerized syzygies.


  Multiscale and multiphysics applications are now commonplace, and many
researchers focus on combining existing models to construct combined multiscale
models. Here we present a concise review of multiscale applications and their
source communities. We investigate the prevalence of multiscale projects in the
EU and the US, review a range of coupling toolkits they use to construct
multiscale models and identify areas where collaboration between disciplines
could be particularly beneficial. We conclude that multiscale computing has
become increasingly popular in recent years, that different communities adopt
very different approaches to constructing multiscale simulations, and that
simulations on a length scale of a few metres and a time scale of a few hours
can be found in many of the multiscale research domains. Communities may
receive additional benefit from sharing methods that are geared towards these
scales.


  We present a spintronic single photon source which emits circularly polarized
light, where the helicity is determined by an applied magnetic field. Photons
are emitted from an InGaAs quantum dot inside an electrically operated spin
light-emitting diode, which comprises the diluted magnetic semiconductor
ZnMnSe. The circular polarization degree of the emitted light is high, reaching
83% at an applied magnetic field of 2T and 96% at 6 T. Autocorrelation traces
recorded in pulsed operation mode prove the emitted light to be antibunched.
The two circular polarization states could be used for representing quantum
states |0> and |1> in quantum cryptography implementations.


  We consider the Cauchy problem of a class of higher order Schr\"odinger type
equations with constant coefficients. By employing the energy inequality, we
show the $L^2$ well-posedness, the parabolic smoothing and a breakdown of the
persistence of regularity. We classify this class of equations into three types
on the basis of their smoothing property.


  Many common machine learning methods involve the geometric annealing path, a
sequence of intermediate densities between two distributions of interest
constructed using the geometric average. While alternatives such as the
moment-averaging path have demonstrated performance gains in some settings,
their practical applicability remains limited by exponential family endpoint
assumptions and a lack of closed form energy function. In this work, we
introduce $q$-paths, a family of paths which is derived from a generalized
notion of the mean, includes the geometric and arithmetic mixtures as special
cases, and admits a simple closed form involving the deformed logarithm
function from nonextensive thermodynamics. Following previous analysis of the
geometric path, we interpret our $q$-paths as corresponding to a
$q$-exponential family of distributions, and provide a variational
representation of intermediate densities as minimizing a mixture of
$\alpha$-divergences to the endpoints. We show that small deviations away from
the geometric path yield empirical gains for Bayesian inference using
Sequential Monte Carlo and generative model evaluation using Annealed
Importance Sampling.


  The applied voltage along a wire leads to a constant current density and, in
turn, the azimuthal magnetic field. The absence of the radial current in a
sample bulk requires nonzero radial(Hall) electric field to be present. We show
that the longitudinal current itself is exactly that provided by the carriers
drift in crossed azimuthal magnetic and Hall electric field. Nonzero carrier
viscosity leads to nonuniform current flow dependent on the boundary condition
at the inner wire wall. We find the general boundary condition accounting
diamagnetic currents. At low temperatures the enhanced carrier viscosity leads
to both the current and azimuthal magnetic field are pushed out the wire bulk
towards the inner boundary. Simultaneously, the sample resistance strongly
vanishes exhibiting a temperature driven threshold transition. Within
low-current limit we calculate the threshold temperature for arbitrary carrier
scattering and the sample size. For bulky sample and finite applied current our
theory provides the universal phase transition diagram in terms of magnetic
field vs temperature.


  Current state-of-the-art approaches for spatio-temporal action localization
rely on detections at the frame level that are then linked or tracked across
time. In this paper, we leverage the temporal continuity of videos instead of
operating at the frame level. We propose the ACtion Tubelet detector
(ACT-detector) that takes as input a sequence of frames and outputs tubelets,
i.e., sequences of bounding boxes with associated scores. The same way
state-of-the-art object detectors rely on anchor boxes, our ACT-detector is
based on anchor cuboids. We build upon the SSD framework. Convolutional
features are extracted for each frame, while scores and regressions are based
on the temporal stacking of these features, thus exploiting information from a
sequence. Our experimental results show that leveraging sequences of frames
significantly improves detection performance over using individual frames. The
gain of our tubelet detector can be explained by both more accurate scores and
more precise localization. Our ACT-detector outperforms the state-of-the-art
methods for frame-mAP and video-mAP on the J-HMDB and UCF-101 datasets, in
particular at high overlap thresholds.


  Developing autonomous agents for mobile devices can significantly enhance
user interactions by offering increased efficiency and accessibility. However,
despite the growing interest in mobile device control agents, the absence of a
commonly adopted benchmark makes it challenging to quantify scientific progress
in this area. In this work, we introduce B-MoCA: a novel benchmark designed
specifically for evaluating mobile device control agents. To create a realistic
benchmark, we develop B-MoCA based on the Android operating system and define
60 common daily tasks. Importantly, we incorporate a randomization feature that
changes various aspects of mobile devices, including user interface layouts and
language settings, to assess generalization performance. We benchmark diverse
agents, including agents employing large language models (LLMs) or multi-modal
LLMs as well as agents trained from scratch using human expert demonstrations.
While these agents demonstrate proficiency in executing straightforward tasks,
their poor performance on complex tasks highlights significant opportunities
for future research to enhance their effectiveness. Our source code is publicly
available at https://b-moca.github.io.


  The point of this note is to prove that the secrecy function attains its
maximum at y=1 on all known extremal even unimodular lattices. This is a
special case of a conjecture by Belfiore and Sol\'e. Further, we will give a
very simple method to verify or disprove the conjecture on any given unimodular
lattice.


  Time-varying ISS-Lyapunov functions for impulsive systems provide a necessary
and sufficient condition for ISS. This property makes them a more powerful tool
for stability analysis than classical candidate ISS-Lyapunov functions
providing only a sufficient ISS condition. Moreover, time-varying ISS-Lyapunov
functions cover systems with simultaneous instability in continuous and
discrete dynamics for which candidate ISS-Lyapunov functions remain
inconclusive. The present paper links these two concepts by suggesting a method
of constructing time-varying ISS-Lyapunov functions from candidate ISS-Lyapunov
functions, thereby effectively combining the ease of construction of candidate
ISS-Lyapunov functions with the guaranteed existence of time-varying
ISS-Lyapunov functions.


  Static stability in economic models means negative incentives for deviation
from equilibrium strategies, which we expect to assure a return to equilibrium,
i.e., dynamic stability, as long as agents respond to incentives. There have
been many attempts to prove this link, especially in evolutionary game theory,
yielding both negative and positive results. This paper presents a universal
and intuitive approach to this link. We prove that static stability assures
dynamic stability if agents' choices of switching strategies are rationalizable
by introducing costs and constraints in those switching decisions. This idea
guides us to define \textit{net }gains from switches as the payoff improvement
after deducting the costs. Under rationalizable dynamics, an agent maximizes
the expected net gain subject to the constraints. We prove that the aggregate
maximized expected net gain works as a Lyapunov function. It also explains
reasons behind the known negative results. While our analysis here is confined
to myopic evolutionary dynamics in population games, our approach is applicable
to more complex situations.


  We theoretically present the quantum Cram\'{e}r-Rao bounds (QCRB) of an
SU(1,1) interferometer for Gaussian states input with and without the internal
photonic losses. The phase shifts in the single arm and in the double arms are
studied and the corresponding analytical expressions of quantum Fisher
information with Gaussian input states are presented. Different from the
traditional Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the QCRB of single arm case is
slightly higher or lower than that of double arms case depending on the input
states. With a fixed mean photon number and for pure Gaussian state input, the
optimal sensitivity is achieved with a squeezed vacuum input in one mode and
the vacuum input in the other. We compare the QCRB with the standard quantum
limit and Heisenberg limit. In the case of small internal losses the QCRB can
beat the standard quantum limit.


  We investigate the flux compactification mechanism in simple toy models of
Einstein-Born-Infeld theories. These are the direct generalizations of the
Einstein-Maxwell flux compactifications that recently gained fame as a toy
model for tunneling in the landscape. Our investigation reveals that the
Born-Infeld form does not significantly modify the qualitative result of the
Einstein-Maxwell theory. for the case of Einstein-Higgs theory, however, we
found that the effect of Born-Infeld nonlinearity is to render all q>1
extradimensional compactification unstable against semiclassical tunneling to
nothing.


  This article considers the current problem of investigation and development
of computerlinguistic analysis of socio-demographic profile of virtual
community member. Webmembers' socio-demographic characteristics' profile
validation based on analysis of sociodemographic characteristics. The
topicality of the paper is determined by the necessity to identify the
web-community member by means of computer-linguistic analysis of their
information track. The formal model of basic socio-demographic characteristics
of virtual communities' member is formed. The structural model of
lingvo-communicative indicators of socio-demographic characteristics of the
web-members and common algorithm of the formation of lingvo-communicative
indicators based on processing training sample are developed. Types of the
computer-linguistic analysis of indicative characteristics are studied and
classifications of lingvo-communicative indicators of gender, age and sphere of
activities of web-community member is established. Also, the formal model of
the basic socio-demographic characteristics of web-communities' member is
introduced.


  We have developed a drift-diffusion equation of spin transport in collinear
bipartite metallic antiferromagnets. Starting from a model tight-binding
Hamiltonian, we obtain the quantum kinetic equation within Keldysh formalism
and expand it to the lowest order in spatial gradient using Wigner expansion
method. In the diffusive limit, these equations track the spatio-temporal
evolution of the spin accumulations and spin currents on each sublattice of the
antiferromagnet. We use these equations to address the nature of spin transfer
torque in (i) a spin-valve composed of a ferromagnet and an antiferromagnet,
(ii) a metallic bilayer consisting in an antiferromagnet adjacent to a heavy
metal possessing spin Hall effect, and in (ii) a single antiferromagnet
possessing spin Hall effect. We show that the latter can experience a
self-torque thanks to the non-vanishing spin Hall effect in the
antiferromagnet.


  We give a presentation for the (integral) torus-equivariant Chow ring of the
quot scheme, a smooth compactification of the space of rational curves of
degree d in the Grassmannian. For this presentation, we refine Evain's
extension of the method of Goresky, Kottwitz, and MacPherson to express the
torus-equivariant Chow ring in terms of the torus-fixed points and explicit
relations coming from the geometry of families of torus-invariant curves. As
part of this calculation, we give a complete description of the torus-invariant
curves on the quot scheme and show that each family is a product of projective
spaces.


  Molecule-optimized basis sets, based on approximate natural orbitals, are
developed for accelerating the convergence of quantum calculations with
strongly correlated (multi-referenced) electrons. We use a low-cost approximate
solution of the anti-Hermitian contracted Schr{\"o}dinger equation (ACSE) for
the one- and two-electron reduced density matrices (RDMs) to generate an
approximate set of natural orbitals for strongly correlated quantum systems.
The natural-orbital basis set is truncated to generate a molecule-optimized
basis set whose rank matches that of a standard correlation-consistent basis
set optimized for the atoms. We show that basis-set truncation by approximate
natural orbitals can be viewed as a one-electron unitary transformation of the
Hamiltonian operator and suggest an extension of approximate natural-orbital
truncations through two-electron unitary transformations of the Hamiltonian
operator, such as those employed in the solution of the ACSE. The
molecule-optimized basis set from the ACSE improves the accuracy of the
equivalent standard atom-optimized basis set at little additional computational
cost. We illustrate the method with the potential energy curves of hydrogen
fluoride and diatomic nitrogen. Relative to the hydrogen fluoride potential
energy curve from the ACSE in a polarized triple-zeta basis set, the ACSE curve
in a molecule-optimized basis set, equivalent in size to a polarized
double-zeta basis, has a nonparallelity error of 0.0154 a.u. which is
significantly better than the nonparallelity error of 0.0252 a.u. from the
polarized double-zeta basis set.


  Let $\hat G$ be the finite simply connected version of an exceptional
Chevalley group, and let $V$ be a nontrivial irreducible module, of minimal
dimension, for $\hat G$ over its field of definition. We explore the overgroup
structure of $\hat G$ in $\mathrm{GL}(V)$, and the submodule structure of the
exterior square (and sometimes the third Lie power) of $V$. When $\hat G$ is
defined over a field of odd prime order $p$, this allows us to construct the
smallest (with respect to certain properties) $p$-groups $P$ such that the
group induced by $\mathrm{Aut}(P)$ on $P/\Phi(P)$ is either $\hat G$ or its
normaliser in $\mathrm{GL}(V)$.


  We produce a sequence of markings $S_k$ of Thompson's group $F$ within the
space ${\mathcal G}_n$ of all marked $n$-generator groups so that the sequence
$(F,S_k)$ converges to the free group on $n$ generators, for $n \geq 3$. In
addition, we give presentations for the limits of some other natural
(convergent) sequences of markings to consider on $F$ within ${\mathcal G}_3$,
including $(F,\{x_0,x_1,x_n\})$ and $(F,\{x_0,x_1,x_0^n\})$.


  We briefly review the formation of pion-mediated heavy-light exotic molecules
with both charm and bottom, under the general strictures of chiral and heavy
quark symmetries. The charm isosinglet exotic molecules with $J^{PC}=1^{++}$
binds, which we identify as the reported neutral $X(3872)$. The bottom
isotriplet exotic with $J^{PC}=1^{+-}$ binds, and is identified as a mixed
state of the reported charged exotics $Z^+_b(10610)$ and $Z^+_b(10650)$. The
bound bottom isosinglet molecule with $J^{PC}=1^{++}$ is a possible neutral
$X_b(10532)$ to be observed.


  We introduce gbpTrees: an algorithm for constructing merger trees from
cosmological simulations, designed to identify and correct for pathological
cases introduced by errors or ambiguities in the halo finding process. gbpTrees
is built upon a halo matching method utilising pseudo-radial moments
constructed from radially-sorted particle ID lists (no other information is
required) and a scheme for classifying merger tree pathologies from networks of
matches made to-and-from haloes across snapshots ranging forward-and-backward
in time. Focusing on Subfind catalogs for this work, a sweep of parameters
influencing our merger tree construction yields the optimal snapshot cadence
and scanning range required for converged results. Pathologies proliferate when
snapshots are spaced by $\lesssim{0.128}$ dynamical times; conveniently similar
to that needed for convergence of semi-analytical modelling, as established by
Benson etal Total merger counts are converged at the level of $\sim{5}$% for
friends-of-friends (FoF) haloes of size $n_{\rm p}\gtrsim{75}$ across a factor
of 512 in mass resolution, but substructure rates converge more slowly with
mass resolution, reaching convergence of $\sim{10}$% for $n_{\rm
p}\gtrsim{100}$ and particle mass $m_{\rm p}{\lesssim}10^{9}M_\odot$. We
present analytic fits to FoF and substructure merger rates across nearly all
observed galactic history ($z{\le}8.5$). While we find good agreement with the
results presented by Fakhouri etal for FoF haloes, a slightly flatter
dependance on merger ratio and increased major merger rates are found, reducing
previously reported discrepancies with extended Press-Schechter estimates. When
appropriately defined, substructure merger rates show a similar mass ratio
dependance as FoF rates, but with stronger mass and redshift dependencies for
their normalisation.


  We study the effect of parton angular momentum on the twist-four correction
to the left-right asymmetry in the electron-deuteron parity-violating deep
inelastic scattering (PVDIS). We show that this higher-twist correction is
transparent to the dynamics of parton angular momentum needed to account for
the Sivers and Boer-Mulders functions and spin-independent parton distribution
functions. A sufficiently precise measurement of the PVDIS asymmetry may, thus,
provide additional information about the parton dynamics responsible for
nucleon spin.


  Hot super Earths are exoplanets with short orbital periods ($<$ 10 days),
heated by their host stars to temperatures high enough for their rocky surfaces
to become molten. A few hot super Earths exhibit high geometric albedos ($>$
0.4) in the Kepler band (420-900 nm). We are motivated to determine whether
reflection from molten lava and quenched glasses (a product of rapidly cooled
lava) on the surfaces of hot super Earths contributes to the observationally
inferred high geometric albedos. We experimentally measure reflection from
rough and smooth textured quenched glasses of both basalt and feldspar melts.
For lava reflectance values, we use specular reflectance values of molten
silicates from non-crystalline solids literature. Integrating the empirical
glass reflectance function and non-crystalline solids reflectance values over
the dayside surface of the exoplanet at secondary eclipse yields an upper limit
for the albedo of a lava-quenched glass planet surface of $\sim $0.1. We
conclude that lava planets with solid (quenched glass) or liquid (lava)
surfaces have low albedos. The high albedos of some hot super Earths are most
likely explained by atmospheres with reflective clouds (or, for a narrow range
of parameter space, possibly Ca/Al oxide melt surfaces). Lava planet candidates
in TESS data can be identified for follow-up observations and future
characterization.


  We present a new program implementation of the gaussian process regression
adaptive density-guided approach [J. Chem. Phys. 153 (2020) 064105] in the
MidasCpp program. A number of technical and methodological improvements made
allowed us to extend this approach towards calculations of larger molecular
systems than those accessible previously and maintain the very high accuracy of
constructed potential energy surfaces. We demonstrate the performance of this
method on a test set of molecules of growing size and show that up to 80 % of
single point calculations could be avoided introducing a root mean square
deviation in fundamental excitations of about 3 cm$^{-1}$. A much higher
accuracy with errors below 1 cm$^{-1}$ could be achieved with tighter
convergence thresholds still reducing the number of single point computations
by up to 68 %. We further support our findings with a detailed analysis of wall
times measured while employing different electronic structure methods. Our
results demonstrate that GPR-ADGA is an effective tool, which could be applied
for cost-efficient calculations of potential energy surfaces suitable for
highly-accurate vibrational spectra simulations.


  The multipartite polarization entangled states of bright optical beams
directly associating with the spin states of atomic ensembles are one of the
essential resources in the future quantum information networks, which can be
conveniently utilized to transfer and convert quantum states across a network
composed of many atomic nodes. In this letter, we present the experimental
demonstration of tripartite polarization entanglement described by Stokes
operators of optical field. The tripartite entangled states of light at the
frequency resonant with D1 line of Rubidium atoms are transformed into the
continuous variable polarization entanglement among three bright optical beams
via an optical beam splitter network. The obtained entanglement is confirmed by
the extended criterion for polarization entanglement of multipartite quantized
optical modes.


  We present an asymptotically optimal generalized measurement for the
Classical information that is retrieved from a quantum tetrahedron is
intrinsically fuzzy. We present an asymptotically optimal generalized
measurement for the extraction of classical information from a quantum
tetrahedron. For a single tetrahedron the optimal uncertainty in dihedral
angles is shown to scale as an inverse of the surface area. Having commutative
observables allows to show how the clustering of many small tetrahedra leads to
a faster convergence to a classical geometry.


  This paper analyzes the convergence of a Petrov-Galerkin method for time
fractional wave problems with nonsmooth data. Well-posedness and regularity of
the weak solution to the time fractional wave problem are firstly established.
Then an optimal convergence analysis with nonsmooth data is derived. Moreover,
several numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical
results.


  It is shown that the structure of antiphase domain boundaries in the
antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase of a highly anisotropic magnet with S = 1 on a
two-dimensional square lattice depends greatly on single-ion anisotropy
parameter D. Computer modeling on large square lattices illustrates the changes
in the boundary structure from the quantum paramagnet (QP) to the XY phase,
including the intermediate QP-XY phase at fairly small variations in positive
D.


  In the framework of graph property testing, we study the problem of
determining if a graph admits a cluster structure. We say that a graph is $(k,
\phi)$-clusterable if it can be partitioned into at most $k$ parts such that
each part has conductance at least $\phi$. We present an algorithm that accepts
all graphs that are $(2, \phi)$-clusterable with probability at least
$\frac{2}3$ and rejects all graphs that are $\epsilon$-far from $(2,
\phi^*)$-clusterable for $\phi^* \le \mu \phi^2 \epsilon^2$ with probability at
least $\frac{2}3$ where $\mu > 0$ is a parameter that affects the query
complexity. This improves upon the work of Czumaj, Peng, and Sohler by removing
a $\log n$ factor from the denominator of the bound on $\phi^*$ for the case of
$k=2$. Our work was concurrent with the work of Chiplunkar et al.\@ who
achieved the same improvement for all values of $k$. Our approach for the case
$k=2$ relies on the geometric structure of the eigenvectors of the graph
Laplacian and results in an algorithm with query complexity $O(n^{1/2+O(1)\mu}
\cdot \text{poly}(1/\epsilon, 1/\phi,\log n))$.


  Recently, the long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) has attracted wide
interest due to its success in many tasks. LSTM architecture consists of a
memory cell and three gates, which looks similar to the neuronal networks in
the brain. However, there still lacks the evidence of the cognitive
plausibility of LSTM architecture as well as its working mechanism. In this
paper, we study the cognitive plausibility of LSTM by aligning its internal
architecture with the brain activity observed via fMRI when the subjects read a
story. Experiment results show that the artificial memory vector in LSTM can
accurately predict the observed sequential brain activities, indicating the
correlation between LSTM architecture and the cognitive process of story
reading.


  Numerical wave models can output partitioned wave parameters at each grid
point using a spectral partitioning technique. Because these wave partitions
are usually organized according to the magnitude of their wave energy without
considering the coherence of wave parameters in space, it can be difficult to
observe the spatial distributions of wave field features from these outputs. In
this study, an approach for spatially tracking coherent wave events (which
means a cluster of partitions originated from the same meteorological event)
from partitioned numerical wave model outputs is presented to solve this
problem. First, an efficient traverse algorithm applicable for different types
of grids, termed breadth-first search, is employed to track wave events using
the continuity of wave parameters. Second, to reduce the impact of the garden
sprinkler effect on tracking, tracked wave events are merged if their boundary
outlines and wave parameters on these boundaries are both in good agreement.
Partitioned wave information from the Integrated Ocean Waves for Geophysical
and other Applications dataset is used to test the performance of this spatial
tracking approach. The test results indicate that this approach is able to
capture the primary features of partitioned wave fields, demonstrating its
potential for wave data analysis, model verification, and data assimilation.


  For energy efficient and fast magnetic memories, switching of perpendicular
magnetization by the spin-orbit torque (SOT) appears as a very promising
solution, even more using magnetic insulators that suppress electrical
shunting. This SOT switching generally requires the assistance of an in-plane
magnetic field to break the symmetry. Here, we present experiments
demonstrating the field-free SOT switching of perpendicularly magnetized layers
of the thulium iron garnet (Tm_{3}Fe_{5}O_{12}) magnetic insulator. The
polarity of the switching loops, clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW), is
determined by the direction of the initial current pulses, in contrast with
field-assisted switchings in which this polarity is controlled by the direction
of the field. After an independent determination of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya
interaction (DMI), we relate the field free switching to the interplay of SOT
and DMI and the polarity of the loops to the imprint of a N\'eel domain wall
induced by the first pulse, in agreement with Kerr imaging. Our observation and
interpretation of field-free electrical switching of a magnetic insulator is an
important milestone for future low power spintronic devices.


  In this article, we provide a novel and broadly-applicable
contraction-theoretic approach to continuous-time time-varying convex
optimization. For any parameter-dependent contracting dynamics, we show that
the tracking error is asymptotically proportional to the rate of change of the
parameter with proportionality constant upper bounded by Lipschitz constant in
which the parameter appears divided by the contraction rate of the dynamics
squared. We additionally establish that any parameter-dependent contracting
dynamics can be augmented with a feedforward prediction term to ensure that the
tracking error converges to zero exponentially quickly. To apply these results
to time-varying convex optimization problems, we establish the strong
infinitesimal contractivity of dynamics solving three canonical problems,
namely monotone inclusions, linear equality-constrained problems, and composite
minimization problems. For each of these problems, we prove the sharpest-known
rates of contraction and provide explicit tracking error bounds between
solution trajectories and minimizing trajectories. We validate our theoretical
results on three numerical examples including an application to control-barrier
function based controller design.


  Formal specification is a basis for rigorous software implementation. VDM-SL
is a formal specification language with an extensive executable subset.
Successful cases of VDM-family including VDM-SL have shown that producing a
well-tested executable specification can reduce the cost of the implementation
phase. This paper introduces and discusses the reversed order of specification
and implementation. The development of a multi-agent simulation language called
\remobidyc is described and examined as a case study of defining a formal
specification after initial implementation and reflecting the specification
into the implementation code.


  e investigate the energy loss of quark and gluon jets in quark-gluon plasma
produced in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC energy. We use the physical
characteristic of initial and mixed phases, which were found in effective
quasiparticle model for SPS and RHIC energy. At investigation of energy loss we
take into account also the production of hot glue at first stage. The energy
loss in expanding plasma is calculated in dominant first order of radiation
intensity with accounting of finite kinematic bounds. We calculate the
suppression of $\pi^0$ - spectra with moderate high $p_{\perp}$, which is
caused by energy loss of quark and gluon jets. The comparison with suppression
of $\pi^0$ reported by PHENIX show, that correct quantitative description of
suppression we have only in model of phase transition with decrease of thermal
gluon mass and effective coupling $G(T)$ in region of phase transition plasma
into hadrons (at $T \simeq T_c$). However quasiparticle model with increase of
these values at $T \to T_c$ in accordance with perturbative QCD lead to too
great energy loss of gluon and quark jets, which disagrees with data on
suppression of $\pi^0$. Thus it is possible with help of hard processes to
investigate the structure of phase transition. We show also, that energy losses
at SPS energy are too small in order to be observable. This is caused in fact
by sufficiently short plasma phase at this energy.


  We propose the Topology-Preserving Segmentation Network, a deformation-based
model that can extract objects in an image while maintaining their topological
properties. This network generates segmentation masks that have the same
topology as the template mask, even when trained with limited data. The network
consists of two components: the Deformation Estimation Network, which produces
a deformation map that warps the template mask to enclose the region of
interest, and the Beltrami Adjustment Module, which ensures the bijectivity of
the deformation map by truncating the associated Beltrami coefficient based on
Quasiconformal theories. The proposed network can also be trained in an
unsupervised manner, eliminating the need for labeled training data. This is
achieved by incorporating an unsupervised segmentation loss. Our experimental
results on various image datasets show that TPSN achieves better segmentation
accuracy than state-of-the-art models with correct topology. Furthermore, we
demonstrate TPSN's ability to handle multiple object segmentation.


  In single-particle Madelung mechanics, the single-particle quantum state
$\Psi(\vec{x},t) = R(\vec{x},t) e^{iS(\vec{x},t)/\hbar}$ is interpreted as
comprising an entire conserved fluid of classical point particles, with local
density $R(\vec{x},t)^2$ and local momentum $\vec{\nabla}S(\vec{x},t)$ (where
$R$ and $S$ are real). The Schr\"{o}dinger equation gives rise to the
continuity equation for the fluid, and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for
particles of the fluid, which includes a new density-dependent quantum
potential energy term $Q(\vec{x},t) =
-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{\vec{\nabla}R(\vec{x},t)}{R(\vec{x},t)}$, which is all
that makes the fluid behavior nonclassical. In particular, the quantum
potential can become negative and create a nonclassical boost in the kinetic
energy. This boost is related to superoscillations in the wavefunction, where
the local frequency of $\Psi$ exceeds its global band limit. Berry showed that
for states of definite energy $E$, the regions of superoscillation are exactly
the regions where $Q(\vec{x},t)<0$. For energy superposition states with
band-limit $E_+$, the situation is slightly more complicated, and the bound is
no longer $Q(\vec{x},t)<0$. However, the fluid model provides a definite local
energy for each fluid particle which allows us to define a local band limit for
superoscillation, and with this definition, all regions of superoscillation are
again regions where $Q(\vec{x},t)<0$ for general superpositions. Detailed
examples are given which illustrate the role of the quantum potential and
superoscillations in a range of scenarios.


  In finite entropy systems, real-time partition functions do not decay to zero
at late time. Instead, assuming random matrix universality, suitable averages
exhibit a growing "ramp" and "plateau" structure. Deriving this non-decaying
behavior in a large $N$ collective field description is a challenge related to
one version of the black hole information problem. We describe a candidate
semiclassical explanation of the ramp for the SYK model and for black holes. In
SYK, this is a two-replica nonperturbative saddle point for the large $N$
collective fields, with zero action and a compact zero mode that leads to a
linearly growing ramp. In the black hole context, the solution is a two-sided
black hole that is periodically identified under a Killing time translation. We
discuss but do not resolve some puzzles that arise.


  An exactly solvable model suitable for the description of single and
double-beta decay processes of the Fermi-type is introduced. The model is
equivalent to the exact shell-model treatment of protons and neutrons in a
single j-shell. Exact eigenvalues and eigenvectors are compared to those
corresponding to the hamiltonian in the quasiparticle basis (qp) and with the
results of both the standard quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA)
and the renormalized one (RQRPA). The role of the scattering term of the
quasiparticle hamiltonian is analyzed. The presence of an exact eigenstate with
zero energy is shown to be related to the collapse of the QRPA. The RQRPA and
the qp solutions do not include this zero-energy eigenvalue in their spectra,
probably due to spurious correlations. The meaning of this result in terms of
symmetries is presented.


  We present an optimization of the reduction algorithm of one-loop amplitudes
in terms of master integrals. It is based on the exploitation of the polynomial
structure of the integrand when evaluated at values of the loop-momentum
fulfilling multiple cut-conditions, as emerged in the OPP-method. The
reconstruction of the polynomials, needed for the complete reduction, is rended
very versatile by using a projection-technique based on the Discrete Fourier
Transform. The novel implementation is applied in the context of the NLO QCD
corrections to u d-bar --> W+ W- W+.


  In this paper, we investigate the quantum dynamics of underlying two
one-dimensional quadratic Li'enard type nonlinear oscillators which are
classified under the category of maximal (eight parameter) Lie point symmetry
group (J. Math. Phys.54 , 053506 (2013)). Classically, both the systems were
also shown to be linearizable as well as isochronic. In this work, we study the
quantum dynamics of the nonlinear oscillators by considering a general ordered
position dependent mass Hamiltonian. The ordering parameters of the mass term
are treated to be arbitrary to start with. We observe that the quantum version
of these nonlinear oscillators are exactly solvable provided that the ordering
parameters of the mass term are subjected to certain constraints imposed on the
arbitrariness of the ordering parameters. We obtain the eigenvalues and
eigenfunctions associated with both the systems. We also consider briefly the
quantum versions of other examples of quadratic Li'enard oscillators which are
classically linearizable.


  The inverse scattering method within the $J$-matrix approach to the two
coupled-channel problem is discussed. We propose a generalization of the
procedure to the case with different thresholds.


  We determine all 242 Wilf classes of triples of 4-letter patterns by showing
that there are 32 non-singleton Wilf classes. There are 317 symmetry classes of
triples of 4-letter patterns and after computer calculation of initial terms,
the problem reduces to showing that counting sequences that appear to be the
same (agree in the first 16 terms) are in fact identical. The insertion
encoding algorithm (INSENC) accounts for many of these and some others have
been previously counted; in this paper, we find the generating function for
each of the remaining 36 triples and it turns out to be algebraic in every
case. Our methods are both combinatorial and analytic, including decompositions
by left-right maxima and by initial letters. Sometimes this leads to an
algebraic equation for the generating function, sometimes to a functional
equation or a multi-index recurrence that succumbs to the kernel method. A
particularly nice so-called cell decomposition is used in one case and a
bijection is used for another.


  Based on angle resolved photoemission spectra measured on different systems
at different dopings, momenta and photon energies, we show that the anomalously
large spectral linewidth in the $(\pi,0)$ region of optimal doped and
underdoped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$ has significant contributions
from the bilayer splitting, and that the scattering rate in this region is
considerably smaller than previously estimated. This new picture of the
electronic excitation near $(\pi,0)$ puts additional experimental constraints
on various microscopic theories and data analysis.


  We examine the question of whether quantum mechanics places limitations on
the ability of small quantum devices to learn. We specifically examine the
question in the context of Bayesian inference, wherein the prior and posterior
distributions are encoded in the quantum state vector. We conclude based on
lower bounds from Grover's search that an efficient blackbox method for
updating the distribution is impossible. We then address this by providing a
new adaptive form of approximate quantum Bayesian inference that is
polynomially faster than its classical analogue and tractable if the quantum
system is augmented with classical memory or if the low-order moments of the
distribution are protected using a repetition code. This work suggests that
there may be a connection between fault tolerance and the capacity of a quantum
system to learn from its surroundings.


  Pre-trained language models (PTLMs) have achieved great success and
remarkable performance over a wide range of natural language processing (NLP)
tasks. However, there are also growing concerns regarding the potential
security issues in the adoption of PTLMs. In this survey, we comprehensively
systematize recently discovered threats to PTLM systems and applications. We
perform our attack characterization from three interesting perspectives. (1) We
show threats can occur at different stages of the PTLM pipeline raised by
different malicious entities. (2) We identify two types of model
transferability (landscape, portrait) that facilitate attacks. (3) Based on the
attack goals, we summarize four categories of attacks (backdoor, evasion, data
privacy and model privacy). We also discuss some open problems and research
directions. We believe our survey and taxonomy will inspire future studies
towards secure and privacy-preserving PTLMs.


  One of the biggest challenges that complicates applied supervised machine
learning is the need for huge amounts of labeled data. Active Learning (AL) is
a well-known standard method for efficiently obtaining labeled data by first
labeling the samples that contain the most information based on a query
strategy. Although many methods for query strategies have been proposed in the
past, no clear superior method that works well in general for all domains has
been found yet. Additionally, many strategies are computationally expensive
which further hinders the widespread use of AL for large-scale annotation
projects.
  We, therefore, propose ImitAL, a novel query strategy, which encodes AL as a
learning-to-rank problem. For training the underlying neural network we chose
Imitation Learning. The required demonstrative expert experience for training
is generated from purely synthetic data.
  To show the general and superior applicability of \ImitAL{}, we perform an
extensive evaluation comparing our strategy on 15 different datasets, from a
wide range of domains, with 10 different state-of-the-art query strategies. We
also show that our approach is more runtime performant than most other
strategies, especially on very large datasets.


  We have successfully grown one of the higher manganese silicides, Mn4Si7 thin
films on silicon (100) substrates using an ultra-high vacuum deposition with a
base pressure of 1x10-9 torr. The thickness of the film was varied from 65-100
nm. These films exhibit a tetragonal crystal structure and display paramagnetic
behavior as predicted for the stoichiometric Mn4Si7 system. They have a
resistivity of 3.321 x 10-5 ohm-m at room temperature and show a semi-metallic
nature.


  Type inference is the task of identifying the type of values in a data column
and has been studied extensively in the literature. Most existing type
inference methods support data types such as Boolean, date, float, integer and
string. However, these methods do not consider non-Boolean categorical
variables, where there are more than two possible values encoded by integers or
strings. Therefore, such columns are annotated either as integer or string
rather than categorical, and need to be transformed into categorical manually
by the user. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic type inference method
that can identify the general categorical data type (including non-Boolean
variables). Additionally, we identify the possible values of each categorical
variable by adapting the existing type inference method ptype. Combining these
methods, we present ptype-cat which achieves better results than existing
applicable solutions.


  Deborah Mayo claims to have refuted Birnbaum's argument that the Likelihood
Principle is a logical consequence of the Sufficiency and Conditionality
Principles. However, this claim fails because her interpretation of the
Conditionality Principle is different from Birnbaum's. Birnbaum's proof cannot
be so readily dismissed. [arXiv:1302.7021]


  For sequences of quantum ergodic eigenfunctions, we define the quantum flux
norm associated to a codimension $1$ submanifold $\Sigma$ of a non-degenerate
energy surface. We prove restrictions of eigenfunctions to $\Sigma$, realized
using the quantum flux norm, are quantum ergodic. We compare this result to
known results from \cite{CTZ} in the case of Euclidean domains and
hyperfurfaces. As a further application, we consider complexified analytic
eigenfunctions and prove a second microlocal analogue of \cite{CTZ} in that
context.


  In this paper we study certain variational aspects of the volume product
functional restricted to the space of small projective deformations of a fixed
convex body. In doing so, we provide a short proof of a theorem by Klartag: a
strong version of the slicing conjecture implies the Mahler conjecture. We also
exhibit an interesting family of critical convex bodies in dimension $2$
containing saddle points for this functional.


  This paper presents a reversible data hiding in encrypted image that employs
based notions of the RDH in plain-image schemes including histogram
modification and prediction-error computation. In the proposed method, original
image may be encrypted by desire encryption algorithm. Most significant bit
(MSB) of encrypted pixels are integrated to vacate room for embedding data
bits. Integrated ones will be more resistant against failure of reconstruction
if they are modified for embedding data bits. At the recipient, we employ
chess-board predictor for lossless reconstruction of the original image by the
aim of prediction-error analysis. Comparing to existent RDHEI algorithms, not
only we propose a separable method to extract data bits, but also content-owner
may attain a perfect reconstruction of the original image without having data
hider key. Experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm outperforms
state of the art ones.


  We perform the UV deformation of the Green's function in free scalar field
theory using a discrete heat kernel method. It is found that the simplest UV
deformation based on the discretized diffusion equation leads to the well-known
Pauli-Villars effective Lagrangian. Furthermore, by extending assumptions on
the discretized equation, we find that the general higher derivative theory is
derived from the present UV deformation. In some specific cases, we also
calculate the vacuum expectation values of the scalar field squared in
nontrivial background spaces and examine their dependence on the UV cutoff
constant.


  Electron-electron (e-e) collisions can impact transport in a variety of
surprising and sometimes counterintuitive ways. Despite strong interest,
experiments on the subject proved challenging because of the simultaneous
presence of different scattering mechanisms that suppress or obscure
consequences of e-e scattering. Only recently, sufficiently clean electron
systems with transport dominated by e-e collisions have become available,
showing behavior characteristic of highly viscous fluids. Here we study
electron transport through graphene constrictions and show that their
conductance below 150 K increases with increasing temperature, in stark
contrast to the metallic character of doped graphene. Notably, the measured
conductance exceeds the maximum conductance possible for free electrons. This
anomalous behavior is attributed to collective movement of interacting
electrons, which 'shields' individual carriers from momentum loss at sample
boundaries. The measurements allow us to identify the conductance contribution
arising due to electron viscosity and determine its temperature dependence.
Besides fundamental interest, our work shows that viscous effects can
facilitate high-mobility transport at elevated temperatures, a potentially
useful behavior for designing graphene-based devices.


  The biorthogonal formalism extends conventional quantum mechanics to the
non-Hermitian realm. It has, however, been pointed out that the biorthogonal
inner product changes with the scaling of the eigenvectors, an ambiguity whose
physical significance is still being debated. Here, we revisit this issue and
argue when this choice of normalization is of physical importance. We
illustrate in which settings quantities such as expectation values and
transition probabilities depend on the scaling of eigenvectors, and in which
settings the biorthogonal formalism remains unambiguous. To resolve the
apparent scaling ambiguity, we introduce an inner product independent of the
gauge choice of basis and show that its corresponding mathematical structure is
consistent with quantum mechanics. Using this formalism, we identify a deeper
problem relating to the physicality of Hilbert space representations, which we
illustrate using the position basis. Apart from increasing the understanding of
the mathematical foundations upon which many physical results rely, our
findings also pave the way towards consistent comparisons between systems
described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians.


  We review the unitarity bounds and the multiplet shortening of UIR's of 4
dimensional superconformal algebras $SU(2,2|N)$, ($N=1,2,4$) in view of their
dual role in the AdS/SCFT correspondence. Some applications to KK spectra,
non-perturbative states and stringy states are given.


  We recently introduced a class of ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ graded discrete Lax pairs
and studied the associated discrete integrable systems (lattice equations). In
particular, we introduced a subclass, which we called "self-dual". In this
paper we discuss the continuous symmetries of these systems, their reductions
and the relation of the latter to the Bogoyavlensky equation.


  The magnetic and electronic properties of trilayer La4Ni3O8, similar to hole
doped cuprates, are investigated by performing full-potential linearized
augmented plane wave method-based spin-polarized calculations with LDA and GGA
functionals including Hubbard U parameters to account for strong correlation
effects. Based on these calculations, we found that La4Ni3O8 is a C-type
antiferromagnetic (C-AFM) Mott insulator in agreement with previous
experimental and theoretical observations. Our calculations suggest that Ni1+
and Ni2+ ions are found to be in high spin state with an average valency of
+1.33. Intermediate band gap states are originated from dz2 electrons of both
types of Ni ions after including the strong correlation effects. In order to
understand the role of hole doping on electronic structure, phase stability,
and magnetic properties of La4Ni3O8, similar calculations have been performed
for La(4-x)Sr(x)Ni3O8 as a function of x, using the supercell approach. We have
found that the hole doping brings insulator-to-metal transition without
changing the C-AFM ordering though the magnetic moment is enhanced at both Ni
sites. Moreover, these Ni atoms are always in an average valence state
irrespective of hole doping or volume change. So the electronic properties of
hole doped La4Ni3O8 can not be compared with hole doped cuprates which are high
Tc.


  Motivated by gauge coupling unification and dark matter, we present an
extension to the Standard Model where both are achieved by adding an extra new
matter multiplet. Such considerations lead to a Grand Unified Theory with very
heavy WIMPzilla dark matter, which has mass greater than ~10^7 GeV and must be
produced before reheating ends. Naturally, we refer to this scenario as
GUTzilla dark matter. Here we present a minimal GUTzilla model, adding a
vector-like quark multiplet to the Standard Model. Proton decay constraints
require the new multiplet to be both color and electroweak charged, which
prompts us to include a new confining SU(3) gauge group that binds the
multiplet into a neutral composite dark matter candidate. Current direct
detection constraints are evaded due to the large dark matter mass; meanwhile,
next-generation direct detection and proton decay experiments will probe much
of the parameter space. The relic abundance is strongly dependent on the
dynamics of the hidden confining sector, and we show that dark matter
production during the epoch of reheating can give the right abundance.


  Peres/Mermin arguments about no-hidden variables in quantum mechanics are
used for displaying a pair (R, S) of entangling Clifford quantum gates, acting
on two qubits. From them, a natural unitary representation of Coxeter/Weyl
groups W(D5) and W(F4) emerges, which is also reflected into the splitting of
the n-qubit Clifford group Cn into dipoles C$\pm$n . The union of the
three-qubit real Clifford group C+ 3 and the Toffoli gate ensures a orthogonal
representation of the Weyl/Coxeter group W(E8), and of its relatives. Other
concepts involved are complex reflection groups, BN pairs, unitary group
designs and entangled states of the GHZ family.


  Based on recent progress in the study of strong dynamics in conformal field
theories, I construct a simple, one family model of dynamical electro-weak
symmetry breaking. Non-perturbative effects can be computed systematically. The
model does not suffer from the well known, parametrically big, phenomenological
difficulties of traditional technicolor models, is compatible with all present
experimental data and is testable at the LHC.


  We give simple upper bounds for rational sectional category and use them to
compute invariants of the type of Farber's topological complexity of rational
spaces. In particular we show that the sectional category of formal morphisms
reaches its cohomological lower bound and give a method to compute higher
topological complexity of formal spaces in terms of their cohomology.


  It has been shown that, by adding an extra free field that decouples from the
dynamics, one can construct actions for interacting 2n-form fields with
self-dual field strengths in 4n+2 dimensions. In this paper we analyze
canonical formulation of these theories, and show that the resulting
Hamiltonian reduces to the sum of two Hamiltonians with independent degrees of
freedom. One of them is free and has no physical consequence, while the other
contains the physical degrees of freedom with the desired interactions. For the
special cases of chiral scalars in two dimensions and chiral two form fields in
six dimensions, we discuss compactification of these theories respectively on a
circle and a two dimensional torus, and show that we recover the expected
properties of these systems, including S-duality invariance in four dimensions.


  We review mechanisms for the transport of angular momentum in accretion disks
that are low mass, in the sense that the gravitational forces produced by the
material in these disks has a negligible effect on disk dynamics. There is no
established consensus on how this transport takes place. We note that for
phenomenological reasons the traditional $\alpha$ model is probably not a good
description of real disks. We discuss models in which angular momentum
transport is driven by shocks, and by magnetic field instabilities. The latter
is more promising, but requires a dynamo. We note that the direction of angular
momentum transport due to convection in a conducting disk is not known as
competing mechanisms are at work. We briefly discuss a number of possible
dynamo mechanisms, and their problems. We then give a detailed exposition of
the internal wave driven dynamo model, in which internal waves excited at large
radii drive an $\alpha-\Omega$ dynamo.


  Keller proved in 1999 that the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on the
Hochschild cohomology of an algebra is an invariant of the derived category. In
this paper, we adapt his approach to show that the Gerstenhaber algebra
structure on the Tate-Hochschild cohomology of an algebra is preserved under
singular equivalences of Morita type with level, a notion introduced by the
author in previous work.


  Scale variation is one of the most challenging problems in face detection.
Modern face detectors employ feature pyramids to deal with scale variation.
However, it might break the feature consistency across different scales of
faces. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method named the
receptive field pyramids (RFP) method to enhance the representation ability of
feature pyramids. It can learn different receptive fields in each feature map
adaptively based on the varying scales of detected faces. Empirical results on
two face detection benchmark datasets, i.e., WIDER FACE and UFDD, demonstrate
that our proposed method can accelerate the inference rate significantly while
achieving state-of-the-art performance. The source code of our method is
available at \url{https://github.com/emdata-ailab/EMface}.


  Random double truncation refers a situation in which the variable of interest
is observed only when it falls within two random limits. Such phenomenon occurs
in many applications of Survival Analysis and Epidemiology, among many other
fields. There exist several R packages to analyze doubly truncated data which
implement, for instance, estimators for the cumulative distribution, the
cumulative incidences of competing risks, or the regression coefficients in the
Cox model. In this paper the main features of these packages are reviewed. The
relative merits of the libraries are illustrated through the analysis of
simulated and real data. This includes the study of the statistical accuracy of
the implemented techniques as well as of their computational speed. Practical
recommendations are given.


  Expanded concepts of photonuclear reaction in Mossbauer type behavior were
applied to radioactive nuclei. An enhanced reduction in radioactivity of 125I
was achieved by X-Ray irradiation using the Brookhaven synchrotron.


  We construct Toda brackets in unstable motivic homotopy theory and prove some
fundamental properties of them. Furthermore we construct some examples of
motivic Toda brackets.


  We consider variational problems that model the bending behavior of curves
that are constrained to belong to given hypersurfaces. Finite element
discretizations of corresponding functionals are justified rigorously via
Gamma-convergence. The stability of semi-implicit discretizations of gradient
flows is investigated which provide a practical method to determine stationary
configurations. A particular application of the considered models arises in the
description of conical sheet deformations.


  In this paper we present a theory of reduction of quantum systems in the
presence of symmetries and constraints. The language used is that of
Lie--Jordan Banach algebras, which are discussed in some detail together with
spectrum properties and the space of states. The reduced Lie--Jordan Banach
algebra is characterized together with the Dirac states on the physical algebra
of observables.


  We establish the family rigidity and vanishing theorems on the equivariant
$K$-theory level for the Witten type operators on String$^c$ manifolds
introduced by Chen-Han-Zhang.


  It is known that any separable Banach space with BAP is a complemented
subspace of a Banach space with a basis. We show that every operator with
bounded approximation property, acting from a separable Banach space, can be
factored through a Banach space with a basis.


  Following the widespread digitalization of scholarship, software has become
essential for research, but the current sociotechnical system of citation does
not reflect this sufficiently. Citation provides context for research, but the
current model for the respective research citation graphs does not integrate
software. In this paper, I develop a directed graph model to alleviate this,
describe challenges for its instantiation, and give an outlook of useful
applications of research citation graphs, including transitive credit.


  We present a spectrophotometric catalogue of 90 emission-line galaxies (ELGs)
discovered during an objective - prism survey that aimed to search for dwarf
galaxies within the voids (Popescu et al. 1996, 1998). The paper presents line
ratios, equivalent widths and absolute fluxes for the emission-lines seen in
the spectra of the galaxies. A list of newly discovered Wolf-Rayet galaxies is
presented. Many objects included in the catalogue have low metallicity and the
extreme cases are proposed as candidates for very low metallicity galaxies.


  Techniques developed for device-independent characterizations allow one to
certify certain physical properties of quantum systems without assuming any
knowledge of their internal workings. Such a certification, however, often
relies on the employment of device-independent witnesses catered for the
particular property of interest. In this work, we consider a one-parameter
family of multipartite, two-setting, two-outcome Bell inequalities and
demonstrate the extent to which they are suited for the device-independent
certification of genuine many-body entanglement (and hence the entanglement
depth) present in certain well-known multipartite quantum states, including the
generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states with unbalanced weights,
the higher-dimensional generalizations of balanced GHZ states, and the $W$
states. As a by-product of our investigations, we have found that, in contrast
with well-established results, provided trivial qubit measurements are allowed,
full-correlation Bell inequalities can also be used to demonstrate the
nonlocality of weakly entangled unbalanced-weight GHZ states. Besides, we also
demonstrate how two-setting, two-outcome Bell inequalities can be constructed,
based on the so-called GHZ paradox, to witness the entanglement depth of
various graph states, including the ring graph states, the fully connected
graph states, and some linear graph states, etc.


  We report the discovery of two long-period giant planets from the
Anglo-Australian Planet Search. HD 154857c is in a multiple-planet system,
while HD 114613b appears to be solitary. HD 114613b has an orbital period
P=10.5 years, and a minimum mass m sin i of 0.48 Jupiter masses; HD 154857c has
P=9.5 years and m sin i=2.6 Jupiter masses. These new data confirm the
planetary nature of the previously unconstrained long-period object in the HD
154857 system. We have performed detailed dynamical stability simulations which
show that the HD 154857 two-planet system is stable on timescales of at least
100 million years. These results highlight the continued importance of "legacy"
surveys with long observational baselines; these ongoing campaigns are critical
for determining the population of Jupiter analogs, and hence of those planetary
systems with architectures most like our own Solar system.


  Consider a multinomial regression model where the response, which indicates a
unit's membership in one of several possible unordered classes, is associated
with a set of predictor variables. Such models typically involve a matrix of
regression coefficients, with the $(j,k)$ element of this matrix modulating the
effect of the $k$th predictor on the propensity of the unit to belong to the
$j$th class. Thus, a supposition that only a subset of the available predictors
are associated with the response corresponds to some of the columns of the
coefficient matrix being zero. Under the Bayesian paradigm, the subset of
predictors which are associated with the response can be treated as an unknown
parameter, leading to typical Bayesian model selection and model averaging
procedures. As an alternative, we investigate model selection and averaging,
whereby a subset of individual elements of the coefficient matrix are zero.
That is, the subset of predictors associated with the propensity to belong to a
class varies with the class. We refer to this as class-specific predictor
selection. We argue that such a scheme can be attractive on both conceptual and
computational grounds.


  The structure of the self-cleaving hairpin ribozyme is well characterized,
and its folding has been examined in bulk and by single-molecule fluorescence,
establishing the importance of cations, especially magnesium in the stability
of the native fold. Here we describe the first all-atom folding simulations of
the hairpin ribozyme, using a version of a Go potential with separate secondary
and tertiary structure energetic contributions. The ratio of tertiary/secondary
interaction energies serves as a proxy for non-specific cation binding: a high
ratio corresponds to a high concentration, while a low one mimics low
concentration. By studying the unfolding behavior of the RNA over a range of
temperature and tertiary/secondary energies, a three-state phase diagram
emerges, with folded, unfolded (coil) and transient folding/unfolding tertiary
structure species. The thermodynamics were verified by paired folding
simulations in each region of the phase diagram. The three phase behaviors
correspond with experimentally observed states, so this simple model captures
the essential aspect of thermodynamics in RNA folding.


  We consider autoequivalences of the bounded derived category of coherent
sheaves on a K3 surface. We prove that the image of the autoequivalences has
index at most two in the group of the Hodge isometries of the Mukai lattice.
Motivated by homological mirror symmetry we also consider the mirror
counterpart, i.e. symplectic version of it. In the case of $\rho(X)=1$, we find
an explicit formula which reproduces the number of Fourier-Mukai (FM) partners
from the monodromy problem of the mirror K3 family. We present an explicit
example in which a monodromy action does not come from an autoequivalence of
the mirror side.


  Solutions to Einstein's vacuum equations in three dimensions are locally
maximally symmetric. They are distinguished by their global properties and
their investigation often requires a choice of gauge. Although analyses of this
sort have been performed abundantly, several relevant questions remain. These
questions include the interplay between the standard Bondi gauge and the
Eddington--Finkelstein type of gauge used in the fluid/gravity holographic
reconstruction of these spacetimes, as well as the Fefferman--Graham gauge,
when available i.e. in anti de Sitter. The goal of the present work is to set
up a thorough dictionary for the available descriptions with emphasis on the
relativistic or Carrollian holographic fluids, which portray the bulk from the
boundary in anti-de Sitter or flat instances. A complete presentation of
residual diffeomorphisms with a preliminary study of their algebra accompanies
the situations addressed here.


  In general-sum games, the interaction of self-interested learning agents
commonly leads to socially worse outcomes, such as defect-defect in the
iterated stag hunt (ISH). Previous works address this challenge by sharing
rewards or shaping their opponents' learning process, which require too strong
assumptions. In this paper, we demonstrate that agents trained to optimize
expected returns are more likely to choose a safe action that leads to
guaranteed but lower rewards. However, there typically exists a risky action
that leads to higher rewards in the long run only if agents cooperate, e.g.,
cooperate-cooperate in ISH. To overcome this, we propose using action value
distribution to characterize the decision's risk and corresponding potential
payoffs. Specifically, we present Adaptable Risk-Sensitive Policy (ARSP). ARSP
learns the distributions over agent's return and estimates a dynamic
risk-seeking bonus to discover risky coordination strategies. Furthermore, to
avoid overfitting training opponents, ARSP learns an auxiliary opponent
modeling task to infer opponents' types and dynamically alter corresponding
strategies during execution. Empirically, agents trained via ARSP can achieve
stable coordination during training without accessing opponent's rewards or
learning process, and can adapt to non-cooperative opponents during execution.
To the best of our knowledge, it is the first method to learn coordination
strategies between agents both in iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) and
iterated stag hunt (ISH) without shaping opponents or rewards, and can adapt to
opponents with distinct strategies during execution. Furthermore, we show that
ARSP can be scaled to high-dimensional settings.


  Let p be a prime, and let f : Z/pZ -> R be a function with average value 0
and ||f||_A <= 1, where ||f||_A denotes the algebra norm (L^1 norm of the
Fourier transform). Then f(x) is small for some x, specifically min_x |f(x)| is
no more than O(log p)^{-1/3 + eps}. One should think of f as being
``approximately continuous''; our result is then an ``approximate intermediate
value theorem''.
  As an immediate consequence we show that if B in Z/pZ is a set of cardinality
(p-1)/2 then the algebra norm ||1_B||_A is >> (log p)^{1/3 - eps}. This gives a
result on a ``mod p'' analogue of Littlewood's well-known problem concerning
the smallest possible L^1-norm of the Fourier transform of a set of n integers.
  Another application is to answer a question of Gowers. If B in Z/pZ is a set
of size (p-1)/2 then there is some x in Z/pZ such that the intersection of B
with B + x has cardinality within o(p) of p/4.


  Since 2007, the Meteor Data Center (MDC) has had two components: the Orbital
database (OD) and the Shower database (SD). The orbital part is in charge of
the efficient collection, checking, and dissemination of geocentric parameters
and orbits of individual orbits. Is also acts as a central depository for
meteoroid orbits obtained by different techniques: photographic, television,
video, CCD and radar. The shower database collects the geocentric and orbital
parameters of the meteor showers and meteoroids streams. It is not an archive
of all information related to meteor showers, its primary task is to give
unique names and codes to new meteor showers (streams). The SD acts in
conjunction with the Working Group on Meteor Shower Nomenclature of
International Astronomical Union (IAU) Commission F1, "Meteors, Meteorites, and
Interplanetary Dust". In our paper, we give a concise description of the IAU
MDC database, its origin, structure and, in particular, the current
requirements for the introduction of new orbital and shower data.


  We construct several families of perfect sublattices with minimum $4$ of
$\mathbb Z^d$. In particular, the number of $d-$dimensional perfect integral
lattices with minimum $4$ grows faster than $d^k$ for every exponent $k$.


  We have identified a population of passive spiral galaxies from photometry
and integral field spectroscopy. We selected z<0.035 spiral galaxies that have
WISE colours consistent with little mid-infrared emission from warm dust.
Matched aperture photometry of 51 spiral galaxies in ultraviolet, optical and
mid-infrared show these galaxies have colours consistent with passive galaxies.
Six galaxies form a spectroscopic pilot study and were observed using the
Wide-Field Spectrograph (WiFeS) to check for signs of nebular emission from
star formation. We see no evidence of substantial nebular emission found in
previous red spiral samples. These six galaxies possess absorption-line spectra
with 4000\AA\ breaks consistent with an average luminosity-weighted age of 2.3
Gyr. Our photometric and IFU spectroscopic observations confirm the existence
of a population of local passive spiral galaxies, implying that transformation
into early-type morphologies is not required for the quenching of star
formation.


  It is explicitly shown how the Lie algebras can be associated with the
analytic Moufang loops. The resulting Lie algebra commutation relations are
well known from the theory of alternative algebras and can be seen as a
preliminary step to quantum Moufang loops.


  The High-z Supernova Search Team has discovered and observed 8 new supernovae
in the redshift interval z=0.3-1.2. These independent observations, confirm the
result of Riess et al. (1998a) and Perlmutter et al. (1999) that supernova
luminosity distances imply an accelerating universe. More importantly, they
extend the redshift range of consistently observed SN Ia to z~1, where the
signature of cosmological effects has the opposite sign of some plausible
systematic effects. Consequently, these measurements not only provide another
quantitative confirmation of the importance of dark energy, but also constitute
a powerful qualitative test for the cosmological origin of cosmic acceleration.
We find a rate for SN Ia of 1.4+/-0.5E-04 h^3/Mpc^3/yr at a mean redshift of
0.5. We present distances and host extinctions for 230 SN Ia. These place the
following constraints on cosmological quantities: if the equation of state
parameter of the dark energy is w=-1, then H0 t0 = 0.96+/-0.04, and O_l - 1.4
O_m = 0.35+/-0.14. Including the constraint of a flat Universe, we find O_m =
0.28+/-0.05, independent of any large-scale structure measurements. Adopting a
prior based on the 2dF redshift survey constraint on O_m and assuming a flat
universe, we find that the equation of state parameter of the dark energy lies
in the range -1.48<w<-0.72 at 95% confidence. If we further assume that w>-1,
we obtain w<-0.73 at 95% confidence. These constraints are similar in precision
and in value to recent results reported using the WMAP satellite, also in
combination with the 2dF redshift survey.


  The widespread use of positioning devices (e.g., GPS) has given rise to a
vast body of human movement data, often in the form of trajectories.
Understanding human mobility patterns could benefit many location-based
applications. In this paper, we propose a novel generative model called TraLFM
via latent factor modeling to mine human mobility patterns underlying traffic
trajectories. TraLFM is based on three key observations: (1) human mobility
patterns are reflected by the sequences of locations in the trajectories; (2)
human mobility patterns vary with people; and (3) human mobility patterns tend
to be cyclical and change over time. Thus, TraLFM models the joint action of
sequential, personal and temporal factors in a unified way, and brings a new
perspective to many applications such as latent factor analysis and next
location prediction. We perform thorough empirical studies on two real
datasets, and the experimental results confirm that TraLFM outperforms the
state-of-the-art methods significantly in these applications.


  The mechanisms for strong electron-phonon coupling predicted for
hydrogen-rich alloys with high superconducting critical temperature ($T_c$) are
examined within the Migdal-Eliashberg theory. Analysis of the functional
derivative of $T_c$ with respect to the electron-phonon spectral function shows
that at low pressures, when the alloys often adopt layered structures, bending
vibrations have the most dominant effect. At very high pressures, the H-H
interactions in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) extended
structures are weakened, resulting in mixed bent (libration) and stretch
vibrations, and the electron-phonon coupling process is distributed over a
broad frequency range leading to very high $T_c$.


  This paper describes D-brane probes of theories arising in abelian gauged
linear sigma models (GLSMs) describing branched double covers and
noncommutative resolutions thereof, via nonperturbative effects rather than as
the critical locus of a superpotential. As these theories can be described as
IR limits of Landau-Ginzburg models, technically this paper is an exercise in
utilizing (sheafy) matrix factorizations. For Landau-Ginzburg models which are
believed to flow in the IR to smooth branched double covers, our D-brane probes
recover the structure of the branched double cover (and flat nontrivial B
fields), verifying previous results. In addition to smooth branched double
covers, the same class of Landau-Ginzburg models is also believed to sometimes
flow to `noncommutative resolutions' of singular spaces. These noncommutative
resolutions are abstract conformal field theories without a global geometric
description, but D-brane probes perceive them as non-Kahler small resolutions
of a singular Calabi-Yau. We conjecture that such non-Kahler small resolutions
are typical in D-brane probes of such theories.


  The present work shows the application of transfer learning for a pre-trained
deep neural network (DNN), using a small image dataset ($\approx$ 12,000) on a
single workstation with enabled NVIDIA GPU card that takes up to 1 hour to
complete the training task and archive an overall average accuracy of $94.7\%$.
The DNN presents a $20\%$ score of misclassification for an external test
dataset. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is equivalent to ones using
HSI methodology $(81\%-91\%)$ used for the same task, but with the advantage of
being independent on special equipment to classify wheat kernel for FHB
symptoms.


  In this paper we apply results on the asymptotic zero distribution of the
Laguerre polynomials to discuss generalizations of the standard large $n$ limit
in the non-hermitian Penner matrix model. In these generalizations $g_n n\to
t$, but the product $g_n n$ is not necessarily fixed to the value of the 't
Hooft coupling $t$. If $t>1$ and the limit $l = \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}
|\sin(\pi/g_n)|^{1/n}$ exists, then the large $n$ limit is well-defined but
depends both on $t$ and on $l$. This result implies that for $t>1$ the standard
large $n$ limit with $g_n n=t$ fixed is not well-defined. The parameter $l$
determines a fine structure of the asymptotic eigenvalue support: for $l\neq 0$
the support consists of an interval on the real axis with charge fraction
$Q=1-1/t$ and an $l$-dependent oval around the origin with charge fraction
$1/t$. For $l=1$ these two components meet, and for $l=0$ the oval collapses to
the origin. We also calculate the total electrostatic energy $\mathcal{E}$,
which turns out to be independent of $l$, and the free energy
$\mathcal{F}=\mathcal{E}-Q\ln l$, which does depend of the fine structure
parameter $l$. The existence of large $n$ asymptotic expansions of
$\mathcal{F}$ beyond the planar limit as well as the double-scaling limit are
also discussed.


  Context: Intermediate-Mass stars are often overlooked as they are not
supernova progenitors but still host convective cores and complex atmospheres
which require computationally expensive treatment. Due to this, there is a
general lack of such stars modelled by state of the art stellar structure and
evolution codes. Aims: This paper aims to use high-quality spectroscopy to
update the dynamically obtained stellar parameters and produce a new
evolutionary assessment of the bright B0.5+B0.5 and B5V+B5V binary systems CW
Cep and U Oph. Methods: We use new spectroscopy obtained with the Hermes
spectrograph to revisit the photometric binary solution of the two systems. The
updated mass ratio and effective temperatures are incorporated to obtain new
dynamical masses for the primary and secondary. With these, we perform
isochrone-cloud based evolutionary modelling to investigate the core properties
of these stars. Results: We report the first abundances for CW Cep and U Oph as
well as report an updated dynamical solution for both systems. We find that we
cannot uniquely constrain the amount of core boundary mixing in any of the
stars we consider. Instead, we report their core masses and compare our results
to previous studies. Conclusions: We find that the per-cent level precision on
fundamental stellar quantities are accompanied with core mass estimates to
between ~ 5-15%. We find that differences in analysis techniques can lead to
substantially different evolutionary mode


  In this thesis, the possibility of interpreting the solar and atmospheric
neutrino data within the context of theoretical models is being explored. In
particular, the implications of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
augmented by a single U(1) anomalous family symmetry for neutrino masses and
mixing angles are investigated. Motivated by the above results, the effect of
introducing a proper second singlet pair is studied resulting to additional
mass entries in the previous model. Also, renormalization effects on neutrino
masses and mixing angles in a supersymmetric string-inspired
SU(4)xSU(2)_LxSU(2)_RxU(1)_X model are discussed. Lastly, D-brane inspired
models are studied with U(3)xU(2)xU(1)^N gauge symmetry in the context of split
supersymmetry.


  We present a weak finite element method for elliptic problems in one space
dimension. Our analysis shows that this method has more advantages than the
known weak Galerkin method proposed for multi-dimensional problems, for
example, it has higher accuracy and the derived discrete equations can be
solved locally, element by element. We derive the optimal error estimates in
the discrete $H^1$-norm, the $L_2$-norm and $L_\infty$-norm, respectively.
Moreover, some superconvergence results are also given. Finally, numerical
examples are provided to illustrate our theoretical analysis.


  We propose a closure model for the transport of entropy and momentum in
astrophysical turbulence, intended for application to rotating stellar
convective regions. Our closure model is first presented in the Boussinesq
formalism, and compared with laboratory and numerical experimental results on
Rayleigh-Benard convection and Homogeneous Rayleigh-Benard convection. The
predicted angular momentum transport properties of the turbulence in the slowly
rotating case recover the well-known Lambda-effect, with an amplitude uniquely
related to the convective heat flux. The model is then extended to the
anelastic case as well as the fully compressible case. In the special case of
spherical symmetry, the predicted radial heat flux is equivalent to that of
mixing-length theory. For rotating stars, our model describes the coupled
transport of heat and angular momentum, and provides a unified formalism in
which to study both differential rotation and thermal inhomogeneities in
stellar convection zones.


  Modern intelligent and autonomous robotic applications often require robots
to have more information about their environment than that provided by
traditional occupancy grid maps. For example, a robot tasked to perform
autonomous semantic exploration has to label objects in the environment it is
traversing while autonomously navigating. To solve this task the robot needs to
at least maintain an occupancy map of the environment for navigation, an
exploration map keeping track of which areas have already been visited, and a
semantic map where locations and labels of objects in the environment are
recorded. As the number of maps required grows, an application has to know and
handle different map representations, which can be a burden.
  We present the Hypermap framework, which can manage multiple maps of
different types. In this work, we explore the capabilities of the framework to
handle occupancy grid layers and semantic polygonal layers, but the framework
can be extended with new layer types in the future. Additionally, we present an
algorithm to automatically generate semantic layers from RGB-D images. We
demonstrate the utility of the framework using the example of autonomous
exploration for semantic mapping.


  Representing distributions over permutations can be a daunting task due to
the fact that the number of permutations of $n$ objects scales factorially in
$n$. One recent way that has been used to reduce storage complexity has been to
exploit probabilistic independence, but as we argue, full independence
assumptions impose strong sparsity constraints on distributions and are
unsuitable for modeling rankings. We identify a novel class of independence
structures, called \emph{riffled independence}, encompassing a more expressive
family of distributions while retaining many of the properties necessary for
performing efficient inference and reducing sample complexity. In riffled
independence, one draws two permutations independently, then performs the
\emph{riffle shuffle}, common in card games, to combine the two permutations to
form a single permutation. Within the context of ranking, riffled independence
corresponds to ranking disjoint sets of objects independently, then
interleaving those rankings. In this paper, we provide a formal introduction to
riffled independence and present algorithms for using riffled independence
within Fourier-theoretic frameworks which have been explored by a number of
recent papers. Additionally, we propose an automated method for discovering
sets of items which are riffle independent from a training set of rankings. We
show that our clustering-like algorithms can be used to discover meaningful
latent coalitions from real preference ranking datasets and to learn the
structure of hierarchically decomposable models based on riffled independence.


  We study quasi-equilibrium sequences of binary neutron stars in the framework
of Damour-Esposito-Farese-type scalar-tensor theory of gravity with a massive
scalar field, paying particular attention to the case where neutron stars are
already spontaneously scalarized at distant orbits, i.e., in the high coupling
constant case. Although scalar effects are largely quenched when the separation
$a$ is $\gtrsim 3$--$6$ times of the Compton length-scale that is defined by
the scalar mass, we show that the interaction between the scalar fields of the
two neutron stars generates a scalar cloud surrounding the binary at the price
of orbital energy when $a \lesssim 3$--$6$ times of the Compton length-scale.
This enables us to constrain the scalar mass $m_\phi$ from gravitational-wave
observations of binary neutron star mergers by inspecting the dephasing due to
such phenomenon. In particular, the event GW170817 is suggestive of a
constraint of $m_\phi \gtrsim 10^{-11}$ eV and the coupling strength should be
mild if the neutron stars in this system were spontaneously scalarized.


  Weak measurements introduced by Aharonov, Albert and Vaidman (AAV) can
provide informations about the system with minimal back action. Weak values of
product observables (commuting) or higher moments of an observable are
informationally important in the sense that they are useful to resolve some
paradoxes, realize strange quantum effects, reconstruct density matrices, etc.
In this work, we show that it is possible to access the higher moment weak
values of an observable using weak values of that observable with pairwise
orthogonal post-selections. Although the higher moment weak values of an
observable are inaccessible with Gaussian pointer states, our method allows any
pointer state. We have calculated product weak values in a bipartite system for
any given pure and mixed pre selected states. Such product weak values can be
obtained using only the measurements of local weak values (which are defined as
single system weak values in a multi-partite system). As an application, we use
higher moment weak values and product weak values to reconstruct unknown
quantum states of single and bipartite systems, respectively. Further, we give
a necessary separability criteria for finite dimensional systems using product
weak values and certain class of entangled states violate this inequality by
cleverly choosing the product observables and the post selections. By such
choices, positive partial transpose (PPT) criteria can be achieved for these
classes of entangled states. Robustness of our method which occurs due to
inappropriate choices of quantum observables and noisy post-selections is also
discussed here. Our method can easily be generalized to the multi-partite
systems.


  We propose a new method for calculating total energies of systems of
interacting electrons, which requires little more computational resources than
standard density-functional theories. The total energy is calculated within the
framework of many-body perturbation theory by using an efficient model of the
self-energy, that nevertheless retains the main features of the exact operator.
The method shows promising performance when tested against quantum Monte Carlo
results for the linear response of the homogeneous electron gas and structural
properties of bulk silicon.


  Employing high-pressure infrared spectroscopy we unveil the Weyl semimetal
phase of elemental Te and its topological properties. The linear frequency
dependence of the optical conductivity provides clear evidence for
metallization of trigonal tellurium (Te-I) and the linear band dispersion above
3.0 GPa. This semimetallic Weyl phase can be tuned by increasing pressure
further: a kink separates two linear regimes in the optical conductivity (at
3.7 GPa), a signature proposed for Type-II Weyl semimetals with tilted cones;
this however reveals a different origin in trigonal tellurium. Our
density-functional calculations do not reveal any significant tilting and
suggest that Te-I remains in the Type-I Weyl phase, but with two valence
bandsin the vicinity of the Fermi level. Their interplay giving rise to the
peculiar optical conductivity behavior with more than one linear regime.
Pressure above 4.3 GPa stabilizes the more complex Te-II and Te-III polymorphs,
which are robust metals.


  Nanocrystalline alloys (nanoalloys) are prone to grain growth. It is known
that grain boundary segregation and precipitation can stabilize nanoalloys, but
the stabilization becomes less effective at high temperatures and adding grain
growth inhibitors often reduces sinterability. Herein, we have simultaneously
achieved improved sinterability and exceptional high-temperature stability for
a class of MoNbTaTiW-based refractory high-entropy nanoalloys (RHENs). Bulk
pellets of RHENs were fabricated through planetary ball milling and spark
plasma sintering, achieving 93-96% relative densities with 50-100 nm grain
sizes for three compositions. For example, Mo17.8Nb17.8Ta17.8Ti17.8W17.8Ni6Zr5
sintered at 1300 {\deg}C attained ~96% relative density with ~55 nm mean grain
size. Moreover, these RHENs exhibited exceptional stability at 1300 {\deg}C.
Both Ti17.8Nb17.8Mo17.8Ta17.8W17.8Ni6Zr5 and Mo18.8Nb18.8Ta18.8Ti18.8W18.8Ni6
retained <150 nm grain sizes with >96% of the theoretical densities after five
hours annealing at 1300 {\deg}C. Notably, the addition of Ni, a well-known
sintering aid for activated sintering of refractory metals such as W and Mo, in
high-entropy MoNbTaTiW can promote sintering while maintaining high-temperature
stability against rapid grain growth, which can be explained by hypothesized
effects of high-entropy grain boundaries. These RHENs possess some of the
highest temperature stability achieved for nanoalloys and ultrafine-grained
metals.


  We provide here a significant extension of the NuGrid Set 1 models in mass
coverage and toward lower metallicity, adopting the same physics assumptions.
The combined data set now includes the initial masses M/Msun = 1, 1.65, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 15, 20, 25 for Z = 0.02, 0.01, 0.006, 0.001, 0.0001 with
alpha-enhanced composition for the lowest three metallicities. These models are
computed with the MESA stellar evolution code and are evolved up to the AGB,
the white dwarf stage, or until core collapse. The nucleosynthesis was
calculated for all isotopes in post-processing with the NuGrid mppnp code.
Explosive nucleosynthesis is based on semi-analytic 1D shock models.
Metallicity-dependent mass loss, convective boundary mixing in low- and
intermediate mass models and H and He core burning massive star models is
included. Convective O-C shell mergers in some stellar models lead to the
strong production of odd-Z elements P, Cl, K and Sc. In AGB models with hot
dredge-up the convective boundary mixing efficiency is reduced to accommodate
for its energetic feedback. In both low-mass and massive star models at the
lowest metallicity H-ingestion events are observed and lead to i-process
nucleosynthesis and substantial N-15 production. Complete yield data tables,
derived data products and online analytic data access are provided.


  We have analyzed the coexisting charge and orbital ordering in half-doped
manganites using a model which includes Coulomb and Jahn-Teller orbital
polarization interactions. Most surprisingly, the gap in the optical
conductivity is reduced by both on-site and intersite Coulomb interactions, but
increases and explains the experimental results when the Jahn-Teller terms with
orbital polarization are considered. The origin of this behavior is explained
within a molecular model which arises in the limit of extreme topological
frustration, when single electrons are confined to molecular units consisting
of three orbitals.


  We study the duality between the Spin$(32)/\mathbb{Z}_2$ heterotic string
without vector structure and F-theory with frozen singularities. We give a
complete description in theories with $6$d $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetry
and identify the duals of Spin$(32)/\mathbb{Z}_2$-instantons on ADE
singularities without vector structure in the frozen phase of F-theory using an
ansatz introduced by Bhardwaj, Morrison, Tachikawa, and Tomasiello. As a
consequence, we obtain a strongly coupled description of orbifold phases of
type I string theory without vector structure, substantially expanding the list
of known examples of $6$d F-theory compactifications with frozen singularities.
Supergravity theories can be fused from these instanton theories, in a way that
commutes with switching off vector structure, which we use to propose new
consistency checks via neutral hypermultiplet counting. Finally, we describe
various Higgsings of this duality, and comment on constraints on higher form
symmetries.


  We calculate the next-to-leading-order cross section for the inclusive
production of B mesons in pp collisions in the general-mass
variable-flavor-number scheme, an approach which takes into account the finite
mass of the b quarks. We use realistic evolved non-perturbative fragmentation
functions obtained from fits to e+e- data and compare results for the
transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions at a center-of-mass energy of 7
TeV with recent data from the CMS Collaboration. We find good agreement, in
particular at large values of pT.


  Recently a considerable interest has been paid on the estimation problem of
the realized volatility and covolatility by using high-frequency data of
financial price processes in financial econometrics. Threshold estimation is
one of the useful techniques in the inference for jump-type stochastic
processes from discrete observations. In this paper, we adopt the threshold
estimator introduced by Mancini where only the variations under a given
threshold function are taken into account. The purpose of this work is to
investigate large and moderate deviations for the threshold estimator of the
integrated variance-covariance vector. This paper is an extension of the
previous work in Djellout et al. where the problem has been studied in absence
of the jump component. We will use the approximation lemma to prove the LDP. As
the reader can expect we obtain the same results as in the case without jump.


  We propose an algorithm based on local growth rules for kinetically
generating self avoiding walk configurations at any given temperature. This
algorithm, called the Interacting Growth Walk (IGW) algorithm, does not suffer
from attrition on a square lattice at zero temperature, in contrast to the
existing algorithms. More importantly, the IGW algorithm facilitates growing
compact configurations at lower temperatures - a feature that makes it
attractive for studying a variety of processes such as the folding of proteins.
We demonstrate that our algorithm correctly describes the collapse transition
of a homopolymer in two dimensions.


  The offset linear canonical transform (OLCT) provides a more general
framework for a number of well known linear integral transforms in signal
processing and optics, such as Fourier transform, fractional Fourier transform,
linear canonical transform. In this paper, to characterize simultaneous
localization of a signal and its OLCT, we extend some different uncertainty
principles (UPs), including Nazarov's UP, Hardy's UP, Beurling's UP,
logarithmic UP and entropic UP, which have already been well studied in the
Fourier transform domain over the last few decades, to the OLCT domain in a
broader sense.