  Active region evolution plays an important role in the generation and
variability of magnetic fields on the surface of lower main-sequence stars.
However, determining the lifetime of active region growth and decay as well as
their evolution is a complex task. We aim to test whether the lifetime for
active region evolution shows any dependency on the stellar parameters. We
identify a sample of stars with well-defined ages via their kinematics. We made
use of high-resolution spectra to compute rotational velocities, activity
levels, and emission excesses. We use these data to revisit the
activity-rotation-age relationship. The time-series of the main optical
activity indicators were analysed together with the available photometry by
using Gaussian processes to model the stellar activity of these stars.
Autocorrelation functions of the available photometry were also analysed. We
use the derived lifetimes for active region evolution to search for
correlations with the stellar age, the spectral type, and the level of
activity. We also use the pooled variance technique to characterise the
activity behaviour of our targets. Our analysis confirms the decline of
activity and rotation as the star ages. We also confirm that the rotation rate
decays with age more slowly for cooler stars and that, for a given age, cooler
stars show higher levels of activity. We show that F- and G-type young stars
also depart from the inactive stars in the flux-flux relationship. The gaussian
process analysis of the different activity indicators does not seem to provide
any useful information on active region's lifetime and evolution. On the other
hand, active region's lifetimes derived from the light-curve analysis might
correlate with the stellar age and temperature. Although we caution the small
number statistics, our results suggest that active regions seem to live longer
on younger, cooler, and more active stars.


  Motivated by large-scale Collaborative-Filtering applications, we present a
Non-Commuting Latent Factor (NCLF) tensor-completion approach for modeling
three-way arrays, which is diagonal like the standard PARAFAC, but wherein
different terms distinguish different kinds of three-way relations of
co-clusters, as determined by permutations of latent factors. The first key
component of the algebraic representation is the usage of two non-commutative
real trilinear operations as the building blocks of the approximation. These
operations are the standard three dimensional triple-product and a trilinear
product on a two-dimensional real vector space, which is a representation of
the real Clifford Algebra Cl(1,1) (a certain Majorana spinor). Both operations
are purely ternary in that they cannot be decomposed into two group-operations
on the relevant spaces. The second key component of the method is combining
these operations using permutation-symmetry preserving linear combinations. We
apply the model to the MovieLens and Fannie Mae datasets, and find that it
outperforms the PARAFAC model. We propose some future directions, such as
unsupervised-learning.


  Despite persistent efforts in revealing the temporal patterns in scientific
careers, little attention has been paid to the spatial patterns of scientific
activities in the knowledge space. Here, drawing on millions of papers in six
disciplines, we consider scientists' publication sequence as "walks" on the
quantifiable epistemic landscape constructed from large-scale bibliometric
corpora by combining embedding and manifold learning algorithms, aiming to
reveal the individual research topic dynamics and association between research
radius with academic performance, along their careers. Intuitively, the
visualization shows the localized and bounded nature of mobile trajectories. We
further find that the distributions of scientists' transition radius and
transition pace are both left-skewed compared with the results of controlled
experiments. Then, we observe the mixed exploration and exploitation pattern
and the corresponding strategic trade-off in the research transition, where
scientists both deepen their previous research with frequency bias and explore
new research with knowledge proximity bias. We further develop a bounded
exploration-exploitation (BEE) model to reproduce the observed patterns.
Moreover, the association between scientists' research radius and academic
performance shows that extensive exploration will not lead to a sustained
increase in academic output but a decrease in impact. In addition, we also note
that disruptive findings are more derived from an extensive transition, whereas
there is a saturation in this association. Our study contributes to the
comprehension of the mobility patterns of scientists in the knowledge space,
thereby providing significant implications for the development of scientific
policy-making.


  Stripped-envelope supernovae (SE SNe) were considered as the explosions of
single massive stars with strong stellar winds, while later observations favor
binary origins. One direct evidence to support the binary origins is to find
the surviving companions of SE SNe since previous numerical studies suggested
that the binary companion should survive the supernova impact and could be
detectable. Recently, Gagliano et al. (2022) reported that the nearby Type Ic
SN 2020oi in M100 (~17.1 Mpc) resulted from a binary system based on the HST
photometric and spectroscopic observation. Based on the suggested binary
properties of SN 2020oi, we conduct two-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations
of supernova-companion interactions and the subsequent post-impact evolution of
the companion. Our results suggest that a surviving companion becomes brighter
in two orders of magnitude and temporarily redder after the SN impact. The
companion might be detectable with the JWST NIRCam short wavelength channel in
a few years. Furthermore, the predicted magnitudes of surviving companions show
a significant magnitude gradient around the peak. This could be another
indicator to identify the surviving companion from a SE SN.


  We report the discovery of a Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) candidate occurring
in the Active Galactic Nucleus SDSS J022700.77-042020.6. A sudden increase in
flux of J0227-0420 during the second half of 2009 is clearly shown in the
long-term optical, UV, and NIR light curves. A plateau phase, following an
initial decline, is seen in the NUV and optical u, g, r, i light curves.
Moreover, we find possible evidence that the plateau phase in the NUV band may
lag behind the optical ones by approximately 70-80 days with also a much
shorter duration, i.e. $\sim$7-15 days against $\sim$40-50 days. The long-term
NUV/optical (after the plateau phase), NIR and MIR light curves can be well
characterized with a form of $L(t)\propto t^{-\beta}$, consistent with the
expectation of a TDE. The plateaus can be explained if the stellar streams
collide with the pre-existing AGN disk at different radii. Though the overall
fallback rate decreases, the material in the outer disk gradually drifts inward
and increases the local accretion rate at the inner region, producing the
optical and UV plateaus. The possible lag between the optical and NUV plateaus
can then be attributed to viscosity delay. The index $\beta$ of the NIR $J, H,
K_s$ bands ($\sim1.4-3.3$) is steeper than that of the UV/optical
($\sim0.7-1.3$) and MIR bands ($\sim0.9-1.8$), which may suggest that a certain
fraction of the dust in the inner region of the dusty torus may be sublimated
during the TDE phase. Our results indicate that, due to collisions between
stellar debris and pre-existing disk, the light curves of TDEs occurring in AGN
may show distinctive features, which may shed new light on the accretion
process.


  Radio-detection is a mature technique that has gained large momentum over the
past decades. Its physical detection principle is mainly driven by the
electromagnetic part of the shower, and is therefore not too sensitive to
uncertainties on hadronic interactions. Furthermore its technical detection
principle allows for a 100% duty cycle, and large surface coverage thanks to
the low cost of antennas. Various detection methods of UHE particles now rely
on the radio signal as main observable. For instance, ground based experiments
such as AERA on the Pierre Auger Observatory or LOFAR detect the radio emission
from air-showers induced by high-energy particles in the atmosphere; in-ice
experiment such as ARA, IceCube, or ARIANNA benefits from a detection in denser
media which reduces the interaction lengths; finally, balloon experiments such
as ANITA allow for very sensitive UHE neutrino detection with only a few
antennas. Radio-detection is now focused on building increasingly large-scale
radio experiments to enhance the detector sensitivity and address the low
fluxes at UHE. In this proceeding we give an overview of the past, current and
future experiments for the detection of UHE cosmic particles using the radio
technique in air (AERA, Auger-Prime, GRAND), in balloon (ANITA, PUEO) or in
other media (IceCube-Gen2, BEACON, RNO-G).


  In earlier work, we have developed a nonequilibrium statistical field theory
description of cosmic structure formation, dubbed Kinetic Field Theory (KFT),
which is based on the Hamiltonian phase-space dynamics of classical particles
and thus remains valid beyond shell-crossing. Here, we present an exact
reformulation of the KFT framework that allows to resum an infinite subset of
terms appearing in the original perturbative expansion of KFT. We develop the
general formalism of this resummed KFT, including a diagrammatic language for
the resummed perturbation theory, and compute the lowest-order results for the
power spectra of the dark matter density contrast and momentum density. This
allows us to derive analytically how the linear growth of the largest
structures emerges from Newtonian particle dynamics alone, which, to our
knowledge, is the first time this has been achieved.


  Network sampling is used around the world for surveys of vulnerable,
hard-to-reach populations including people at risk for HIV, opioid misuse, and
emerging epidemics. The sampling methods include tracing social links to add
new people to the sample. Current estimates from these surveys are inaccurate,
with large biases and mean squared errors and unreliable confidence intervals.
New estimators are introduced here which eliminate almost all of the bias, have
much lower mean squared error, and enable confidence intervals with good
properties. The improvement is attained by avoiding unrealistic assumptions
about the population network and the design, instead using the topology of the
sample network data together with the sampling design actually used. In
simulations using the real network of an at-risk population, the new estimates
eliminate almost all the bias and have mean squared-errors that are 2 to 92
times lower than those of current estimators. The new estimators are effective
with a wide variety of network designs including those with strongly restricted
branching such as Respondent-Driven Sampling and freely branching designs such
as Snowball Sampling.


  We construct families of differential graded algebras R and R \boxtimes R and
give an algebraic formulation of the contact category of a disk through the
differential graded category DGP(R) generated by some distinguished projective
differential graded R-modules. The homology category H^0(DGP(R)) is a
triangulated category and its Grothendieck group is a Clifford algebra. We then
categorify the Clifford algebra to a functor from DGP(R \boxtimes R) to DGP(R).
We construct a subcategory of the homology category which categorifies an
integral version of U_q sl(1,1) as an algebra.


  The time-evolution equation of a one-dimensional quantum walker is exactly
mapped to the three-dimensional Weyl equation for a zero-mass particle with
spin 1/2, in which each wave number k of walker's wave function is mapped to a
point \vec{q}(k) in the three-dimensional momentum space and \vec{q}(k) makes a
planar orbit as k changes its value in [-\pi, \pi). The integration over k
providing the real-space wave function for a quantum walker corresponds to
considering an orbital state of a Weyl particle, which is defined as a
superposition (curvilinear integration) of the energy-momentum eigenstates of a
free Weyl equation along the orbit. Konno's novel distribution function of
quantum-walker's pseudo-velocities in the long-time limit is fully controlled
by the shape of the orbit and how the orbit is embedded in the
three-dimensional momentum space. The family of orbital states can be regarded
as a geometrical representation of the unitary group U(2) and the present study
will propose a new group-theoretical point of view for quantum-walk problems.


  The HL-LHC presents significant challenges for the HEP analysis community.
The number of events in each analysis is expected to increase by an order of
magnitude and new techniques are expected to be required; both challenges
necessitate new services and approaches for analysis facilities. These services
are expected to provide new capabilities, a larger scale, and different access
modalities (complementing -- but distinct from -- traditional batch-oriented
approaches). To facilitate this transition, the US-LHC community is actively
investing in analysis facilities to provide a testbed for those developing new
analysis systems and to demonstrate new techniques for service delivery. This
whitepaper outlines the existing activities within the US LHC community in this
R&D area, the short- to medium-term goals, and the outline of common goals and
milestones.


  In this paper we analyse local regularity of time-optimal controls and
trajectories for an n-dimensional affine control system with a control
parameter, taking values in a k-dimensional closed ball. In the case of k equal
to n-1, we give sufficient conditions in terms of Lie bracket relations for all
optimal controls to be smooth or to have only isolated jump discontinuities.


  We consider the problem of hypothesis testing in the situation where the
first hypothesis is simple and the second one is local one-sided composite. We
describe the choice of the thresholds and the power functions of different
tests when the intensity function of the observed inhomogeneous Poisson process
has two different types of singularity: cusp and discontinuity. The asymptotic
results are illustrated by numerical simulations.


  Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) are the continuous
analog of Residual Neural Networks (ResNets). We investigate whether the
discrete dynamics defined by a ResNet are close to the continuous one of a
Neural ODE. We first quantify the distance between the ResNet's hidden state
trajectory and the solution of its corresponding Neural ODE. Our bound is tight
and, on the negative side, does not go to 0 with depth N if the residual
functions are not smooth with depth. On the positive side, we show that this
smoothness is preserved by gradient descent for a ResNet with linear residual
functions and small enough initial loss. It ensures an implicit regularization
towards a limit Neural ODE at rate 1 over N, uniformly with depth and
optimization time. As a byproduct of our analysis, we consider the use of a
memory-free discrete adjoint method to train a ResNet by recovering the
activations on the fly through a backward pass of the network, and show that
this method theoretically succeeds at large depth if the residual functions are
Lipschitz with the input. We then show that Heun's method, a second order ODE
integration scheme, allows for better gradient estimation with the adjoint
method when the residual functions are smooth with depth. We experimentally
validate that our adjoint method succeeds at large depth, and that Heun method
needs fewer layers to succeed. We finally use the adjoint method successfully
for fine-tuning very deep ResNets without memory consumption in the residual
layers.


  This paper presents CCD multicolor photometry for 304 old star clusters in
the nearby spiral galaxy M31. Of which photometry of 55 star clusters is first
obtained. The observations were carried out as a part of the
Beijing--Arizona--Taiwan--Connecticut (BATC) Multicolor Sky Survey from 1995
February to 2008 March, using 15 intermediate-band filters covering 3000--10000
\AA. Detailed comparisons show that our photometry is in agreement with
previous measurements. Based on the ages and metallicities from Caldwell et al.
and the photometric measurements here, we estimated the clusters' masses by
comparing their multicolor photometry with stellar population synthesis models.
The results show that the sample clusters have masses between $\sim 3\times10^4
M_\odot$ and $\sim 10^7 M_\odot$ with the peak of $\sim 4\times10^5 M_\odot$.
The masses here are in good agreement with those in previous studies. Combined
with the masses of young star clusters of M31 from Wang et al., we find that
the peak of mass of old clusters is ten times that of young clusters.


  The rapid rotation of Be stars may be caused in some cases by past mass and
angular momentum accretion in an interacting binary in which the mass donor is
currently viewed as a small, hot subdwarf stripped of its outer envelope. Here
we report on the spectroscopic detection of such a subdwarf in the Be binary
system FY Canis Majoris from the analysis of data acquired by the IUE
spacecraft and KPNO Coude Feed Telescope over the course of 16 and 21 years,
respectively. We present a double-lined spectroscopic orbit for the binary
based upon radial velocities from the IUE spectra and use the orbital solutions
with a Doppler tomography algorithm to reconstruct the components' UV spectra.
The subdwarf is hot (T_eff = 45+/-5 kK) and has a mass of about 1.3 M_sun and a
radius of about 0.6 R_sun. It contributes about 4% as much flux as the Be star
does in the FUV. We also present observations of the H-alpha and He I 6678
emission features that are formed in the circumstellar disk of the Be star.
Orbital flux and velocity variations in the He I 6678 profile indicate that
much of the emission forms along the disk rim facing the hot subdwarf where the
disk is probably heated by the incident radiation from the subdwarf. A study of
the FUV infall shell lines discovered in the 1980s confirms their episodic
presence but reveals that they tend to be found around both quadrature phases,
unlike the pattern in Algol binaries. Phase-dependent variations in the UV N V
doublet suggest the presence of a N-enhanced wind from the subdwarf and a
possible shock-interaction region between the stars where the subdwarf's wind
collides with the disk of the Be star.


  A relation between the average length of loops and their free energy is
obtained for a variety of O(n)-type models on two-dimensional lattices, by
extending to finite temperatures a calculation due to Kast. We show that the
(number) averaged loop length L stays finite for all non-zero fugacities n, and
in particular it does not diverge upon entering the critical regime n -> 2+.
Fully packed loop (FPL) models with n=2 seem to obey the simple relation L = 3
L_min, where L_min is the smallest loop length allowed by the underlying
lattice. We demonstrate this analytically for the FPL model on the honeycomb
lattice and for the 4-state Potts model on the square lattice, and based on
numerical estimates obtained from a transfer matrix method we conjecture that
this is also true for the two-flavour FPL model on the square lattice. We
present in addition numerical results for the average loop length on the three
critical branches (compact, dense and dilute) of the O(n) model on the
honeycomb lattice, and discuss the limit n -> 0. Contact is made with the
predictions for the distribution of loop lengths obtained by conformal
invariance methods.


  In all the odd dimensions which allow Majorana spinors, we consider a
gravitational Lagrangian possessing local Poincare invariance and given by the
dimensional continuation of the Euler density in one dimension less. We show
that the local supersymmetric extension of this Lagrangian requires the algebra
to be the maximal extension of the N=1 super-Poincare algebra. By maximal, we
mean that in the right hand side of the anticommutator of the Majorana super
charge appear all the possible central charges. The resulting action defines a
Chern-Simons gauge theory for the maximal extension of the super-Poincare
algebra. In these dimensions, we address the same problem for the AdS invariant
gravity and we derive its supersymmetric extension for the minimal super-AdS
algebra. The connection between both models is realized at the algebraic level
through an expansion of their corresponding Lie super algebras. Within a
procedure consistent with the expansion of the algebras, the local
supersymmetric extension of the Poincare invariant gravity Lagrangian is
derived from the super AdS one.


  Going beyond the studies of single and double Hurwitz numbers, we report some
progress towards studying Hurwitz numbers which correspond to ramified
coverings of the Riemann sphere involving three nonsimple branch points. We
first prove a recursion which implies a fundamental identity of Frobenius
enumerating factorizations of a permutation in group algebra theory. We next
apply the recursion to study Hurwitz numbers involving three nonsimple branch
points (besides simple ones),two of them having deterministic ramification
profiles while the remaining one having a prescribed number of preimages. The
recursion allows us to obtain recurrences as well as explicit formulas for
these numbers which also generalize a number of existing results on single and
double Hurwitz numbers. The case where one of the nonsimple branch points with
deterministic profile has a unique preimage (one-part quasi-triple Hurwitz
numbers {or $(1,m)$-part triple Hurwitz numbers}) is particularly studied in
detail. We prove an attractive dimension-reduction formula from which any
one-part quasi-triple Hurwitz number can be reduced to quasi-triple Hurwitz
numbers where both with deterministic profiles are fully ramified. We also
obtain the polynomiality of one-part quasi-triple Hurwitz numbers analogous to
that implied by the remarkable ELSV formula for single Hurwitz numbers, and
discuss the potential connection to intersection theory.


  Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with type Ic supernovae
that are more luminous than average and that eject material at very high
velocities. Less-luminous supernovae were not hitherto known to be associated
with GRBs, and therefore GRB-supernovae were thought to be rare events. Whether
X-ray flashes - analogues of GRBs, but with lower luminosities and fewer
gamma-rays - can also be associated with supernovae, and whether they are
intrinsically 'weak' events or typical GRBs viewed off the axis of the burst,
is unclear. Here we report the optical discovery and follow-up observations of
the type Ic supernova SN 2006aj associated with X-ray flash XRF 060218.
Supernova 2006aj is intrinsically less luminous than the GRB-supernovae, but
more luminous than many supernovae not accompanied by a GRB. The ejecta
velocities derived from our spectra are intermediate between these two groups,
which is consistent with the weakness of both the GRB output and the supernova
radio flux. Our data, combined with radio and X-ray observations, suggest that
XRF 060218 is an intrinsically weak and soft event, rather than a classical GRB
observed off-axis. This extends the GRB-supernova connection to X-ray flashes
and fainter supernovae, implying a common origin. Events such as XRF 060218 are
probably more numerous than GRB-supernovae.


  Topological insulators support metallic surface states whose existence is
protected by the bulk band structure. It has been predicted early that the
topology of the surface state Fermi contour should depend on several factors,
such as the surface orientation and termination and this raises the question to
what degree a given surface state is protected by the bulk electronic structure
upon structural changes. Using tight-binding calculations, we explore this
question for the prototypical topological insulator Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$, studying
different terminations of the (111) and (110) surfaces. We also consider the
implications of the topological protection for the (110) surfaces for the
semimetals Bi and Sb


  We investigate a Sobolev map $f$ from a finite dimensional RCD space $(X,
\dist_X, \meas_X)$ to a finite dimensional non-collapsed compact RCD space $(Y,
\dist_Y, \mathcal{H}^N)$. If the image $f(X)$ is smooth in a weak sense (which
is satisfied if $f_{\sharp}\meas_X$ is absolutely continuous with respect to
the Hausdorff measure $\mathcal{H}^N$, or if $(Y, \dist_Y, \mathcal{H}^N)$ is
smooth in a weak sense), then the pull-back $f^*g_Y$ of the Riemannian metric
$g_Y$ of $(Y, \dist_Y, \mathcal{H}^N)$ is well-defined as an $L^1$-tensor on
$X$, the minimal weak upper gradient $G_f$ of $f$ can be written by using
$f^*g_Y$, and it coincides with the local slope for $\meas_X$-almost everywhere
points in $X$ when $f$ is Lipschitz. In particular the last statement gives a
nonlinear analogue of Cheeger's differentiability theorem for Lipschitz
functions on metric measure spaces. Moreover these results allow us to define
the energy of $f$. The energy coincides with the Korevaar-Schoen energy.In
order to achieve this, we use a smoothing of $g_Y$ via the heat kernel
embedding $\Phi_t:Y \hookrightarrow L^2(Y, \mathcal{H}^N)$, which is
established by Ambrosio-Portegies-Tewodrose and the first named author.
Moreover we improve the regularity of $\Phi_t$, which plays a key role. We show
also that $(Y, \dist_Y)$ is isometric to the $N$-dimensional standard unit
sphere in $\mathbb{R}^{N+1}$ and $f$ is a minimal isometric immersion if and
only if $(X, \dist_X, \meas_X)$ is non-collapsed up to a multiplication of a
constant to $\meas_X$, and $f$ is an eigenmap whose eigenvalues coincide with
the essential dimension of $(X, \dist_X, \meas_X)$, which gives a positive
answer to a remaining problem from a previous work by the first named author.


  In this article we discuss generalized harmonic confinement of massless Dirac
fermions in (2+1) dimensions using smooth finite magnetic fields. It is shown
that these types of magnetic fields lead to conditional confinement, that is
confinement is possible only when the angular momentum (and parameters which
depend on it) assumes some specific values. The solutions for non zero energy
states as well as zero energy states have been found exactly.


  Gaussian mixture models form a flexible and expressive parametric family of
distributions that has found applications in a wide variety of applications.
Unfortunately, fitting these models to data is a notoriously hard problem from
a computational perspective. Currently, only moment-based methods enjoy
theoretical guarantees while likelihood-based methods are dominated by
heuristics such as Expectation-Maximization that are known to fail in simple
examples. In this work, we propose a new algorithm to compute the nonparametric
maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) in a Gaussian mixture model. Our method is
based on gradient descent over the space of probability measures equipped with
the Wasserstein-Fisher-Rao geometry for which we establish convergence
guarantees. In practice, it can be approximated using an interacting particle
system where the weight and location of particles are updated alternately. We
conduct extensive numerical experiments to confirm the effectiveness of the
proposed algorithm compared not only to classical benchmarks but also to
similar gradient descent algorithms with respect to simpler geometries. In
particular, these simulations illustrate the benefit of updating both weight
and location of the interacting particles.


  Signal decomposition is a classical problem in signal processing, which aims
to separate an observed signal into two or more components each with its own
property. Usually each component is described by its own subspace or
dictionary. Extensive research has been done for the case where the components
are additive, but in real world applications, the components are often
non-additive. For example, an image may consist of a foreground object overlaid
on a background, where each pixel either belongs to the foreground or the
background. In such a situation, to separate signal components, we need to find
a binary mask which shows the location of each component. Therefore it requires
to solve a binary optimization problem. Since most of the binary optimization
problems are intractable, we relax this problem to the approximated continuous
problem, and solve it by alternating optimization technique. We show the
application of the proposed algorithm for three applications: separation of
text from background in images, separation of moving objects from a background
undergoing global camera motion in videos, separation of sinusoidal and spike
components in one dimensional signals. We demonstrate in each case that
considering the non-additive nature of the problem can lead to significant
improvement.


  Some real problems require the evaluation of expensive and noisy objective
functions. Moreover, the analytical expression of these objective functions may
be unknown. These functions are known as black-boxes, for example, estimating
the generalization error of a machine learning algorithm and computing its
prediction time in terms of its hyper-parameters. Multi-objective Bayesian
optimization (MOBO) is a set of methods that has been successfully applied for
the simultaneous optimization of black-boxes. Concretely, BO methods rely on a
probabilistic model of the objective functions, typically a Gaussian process.
This model generates a predictive distribution of the objectives. However, MOBO
methods have problems when the number of objectives in a multi-objective
optimization problem are 3 or more, which is the many objective setting. In
particular, the BO process is more costly as more objectives are considered,
computing the quality of the solution via the hyper-volume is also more costly
and, most importantly, we have to evaluate every objective function, wasting
expensive computational, economic or other resources. However, as more
objectives are involved in the optimization problem, it is highly probable that
some of them are redundant and not add information about the problem solution.
A measure that represents how similar are GP predictive distributions is
proposed. We also propose a many objective Bayesian optimization algorithm that
uses this metric to determine whether two objectives are redundant. The
algorithm stops evaluating one of them if the similarity is found, saving
resources and not hurting the performance of the multi-objective BO algorithm.
We show empirical evidence in a set of toy, synthetic, benchmark and real
experiments that GPs predictive distributions of the effectiveness of the
metric and the algorithm.


  An expression in terms of (cyclotomic) harmonic sums can be simplified by the
quasi-shuffle algebra in terms of the so-called basis sums. By construction,
these sums are algebraically independent within the quasi-shuffle algebra. In
this article we show that the basis sums can be represented within a tower of
difference ring extensions where the constants remain unchanged. This property
enables one to embed this difference ring for the (cyclotomic) harmonic sums
into the ring of sequences. This construction implies that the sequences
produced by the basis sums are algebraically independent over the rational
sequences adjoined with the alternating sequence.


  The nervous system reorganizes memories from an early site to a late site, a
commonly observed feature of learning and memory systems known as systems
consolidation. Previous work has suggested learning rules by which
consolidation may occur. Here, we provide conditions under which such rules are
guaranteed to lead to stable convergence of learning and consolidation. We use
the theory of Lyapunov functions, which enforces stability by requiring
learning rules to decrease an energy-like (Lyapunov) function. We present the
theory in the context of a simple circuit architecture motivated by classic
models of learning in systems consolidation mediated by the cerebellum.
Stability is only guaranteed if the learning rate in the late stage is not
faster than the learning rate in the early stage. Further, the slower the
learning rate at the late stage, the larger the perturbation the system can
tolerate with a guarantee of stability. We provide intuition for this result by
mapping the consolidation model to a damped driven oscillator system, and
showing that the ratio of early- to late-stage learning rates in the
consolidation model can be directly identified with the (square of the)
oscillator's damping ratio. This work suggests the power of the Lyapunov
approach to provide constraints on nervous system function.


  This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of a wave
energy device called the Hull Reservoir Wave Energy Converter (HRWEC). The
device consists of a floating hull and a flap connected to the shaft of power
take-off system (PTO), which is integral to the hull structure. It is unique
due to its ability to convert wave energy by utilizing the pitch motion of the
hull and rotating flap due to the internal water movement in the hull. Due to
the complexity of the internal fluid dynamics, a CFD-based analysis was
considered most appropriate. The CFD investigation of the dynamics of the
device was done under regular wave conditions by using the ANSYS-AQWA and ANSYS
FLUENT. Relative pitch angle variation, the hydrodynamic coefficients, which
determine the degree of power extraction, were obtained from simulated results.
A simulation was designed exhibiting complete system dynamics for different
configurations varying on internal water height. Excellent convergence was
observed,and an optimum configuration was identified. It is expected to
validate the simulation results through experiments in the foreseeable future.


  The magnetic inversion method is one of the non-destructive geophysical
methods, which aims to estimate the subsurface susceptibility distribution from
surface magnetic anomaly data. Recently, supervised deep learning methods have
been widely utilized in lots of geophysical fields including magnetic
inversion. However, these methods rely heavily on synthetic training data,
whose performance is limited since the synthetic data is not independently and
identically distributed with the field data. Thus, we proposed to realize
magnetic inversion by self-supervised deep learning. The proposed
self-supervised knowledge-driven 3D magnetic inversion method (SSKMI) learns on
the target field data by a closed loop of the inversion and forward models.
Given that the parameters of the forward model are preset, SSKMI can optimize
the inversion model by minimizing the mean absolute error between observed and
re-estimated surface magnetic anomalies. Besides, there is a knowledge-driven
module in the proposed inversion model, which makes the deep learning method
more explicable. Meanwhile, comparative experiments demonstrate that the
knowledge-driven module can accelerate the training of the proposed method and
achieve better results. Since magnetic inversion is an ill-pose task, SSKMI
proposed to constrain the inversion model by a guideline in the auxiliary loop.
The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is a reliable
magnetic inversion method with outstanding performance.


  For any integer $r \geq 1$, the sequence of numbers $\{{c^{(r)}_{k}}\}_{k
\geq 0} $ is defined implicitly by [\sum_k\binom{n}{k}^r\binom{n+k}{k}^r =
\sum_k\binom{n}{k}\binom{n+k}{k}c^{(r)}_k,\quad n=0,1,2,...] Asmus Schmidt
conjectured that all $c^{(r)}_k$ are integers. We give a new proof of this
fact.


  We derive a new fast convergent Density Evolution algorithm for finding
optimal rate Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes used over the binary erasure
channel (BEC). The fast convergence property comes from the modified Density
Evolution (DE), a numerical method for analyzing the behavior of iterative
decoding convergence of a LDPC code. We have used the method of [16] for
designing of a LDPC code with optimal rate. This has been done for a given
parity check node degree distribution, erasure probability and specified DE
constraint. The fast behavior of DE and found optimal rate with this method
compare with the previous DE constraint.


  Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) over the last decade demonstrate
that machines can exhibit communicative behavior and influence how humans
think, feel, and behave. In fact, the recent development of ChatGPT has shown
that large language models (LLMs) can be leveraged to generate high-quality
communication content at scale and across domains, suggesting that they will be
increasingly used in practice. However, many questions remain about how knowing
the source of the messages influences recipients' evaluation of and preference
for AI-generated messages compared to human-generated messages. This paper
investigated this topic in the context of vaping prevention messaging. In Study
1, which was pre-registered, we examined the influence of source disclosure on
people's evaluation of AI-generated health prevention messages compared to
human-generated messages. We found that source disclosure (i.e., labeling the
source of a message as AI vs. human) significantly impacted the evaluation of
the messages but did not significantly alter message rankings. In a follow-up
study (Study 2), we examined how the influence of source disclosure may vary by
the participants' negative attitudes towards AI. We found a significant
moderating effect of negative attitudes towards AI on message evaluation, but
not for message selection. However, for those with moderate levels of negative
attitudes towards AI, source disclosure decreased the preference for
AI-generated messages. Overall, the results of this series of studies showed a
slight bias against AI-generated messages once the source was disclosed, adding
to the emerging area of study that lies at the intersection of AI and
communication.


  Using Cauchy's Integral Theorem as a basis, what may be a new series
representation for Dirichlet's function $\eta(s)$, and hence Riemann's function
$\zeta(s)$, is obtained in terms of the Exponential Integral function
$E_{s}(i\kappa)$ of complex argument. From this basis, infinite sums are
evaluated, unusual integrals are reduced to known functions and interesting
identities are unearthed. The incomplete functions $\zeta^{\pm}(s)$ and
$\eta^{\pm}(s)$ are defined and shown to be intimately related to some of these
interesting integrals. An identity relating Euler, Bernouli and Harmonic
numbers is developed. It is demonstrated that a known simple integral with
complex endpoints can be utilized to evaluate a large number of different
integrals, by choosing varying paths between the endpoints.


  Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed for two wall-bounded flow
configurations: laminar Couette flow at $Re=740$ and turbulent channel flow at
$Re_{\tau}=180$, where $\tau$ is the shear stress at the wall. The top wall is
smooth and the bottom wall is a realistically rough superhydrophobic surface
(SHS), generated from a three-dimensional surface profile measurement. The
air-water interface, which is assumed to be flat, is simulated using the
volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach. The laminar Couette flow is studied with
varying interface heights $h$ to understand the effect on slip and drag
reduction ($DR$). The presence of the surface roughness is felt up to $40\%$ of
the channel height in the wall-normal direction. A nonlinear dependence of $DR$
on $h$ is observed with three distinct regions. The DNS results are used to
obtain a nonlinear curve fit for gas fraction $\phi_g$ as a function of $h$,
where $\phi_g$ determines the amount of slip area exposed to the flow. A power
law linear regression fit is used to obtain $b_{eff}$ as a function of
$\phi_g$. For the turbulent channel flow, statistics of the flow field are
compared to that of a smooth wall to understand the effects of roughness and
$h$. Two interface heights, $h=h_{rms}$ and $h=h_{max}$ are simulated to study
their effect on the behaviour of the flow, where $h_{rms}$ and $h_{max}$ are
the rms and maximum peak of the roughness heights respectively. Results show
that the presence of trapped air in the cavities significantly alters near wall
flow physics. The fully wetted roughness increases the peak value in turbulent
intensities, whereas the presence of the interface suppresses them. Overall,
there exists a competing effect between the interface and the asperities, where
the interface suppresses turbulence whereas the asperities enhance them.


  We present a study of interlayer coupling and proximity effects in a
La$_{0.66}$Ca$_{0.33}$MnO$_3$(10 nm)/YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$(10 nm) superlattice.
Using element-sensitive x-ray probes, the magnetic state of Mn can be probed
without seeing the strong diamagnetism of the superconductor, which makes this
approach ideal to study changes in the magnetic properties across the
superconducting transition. By a combined experiment using {\it in situ}
transport measurements during polarized soft x-ray measurements, we were able
to see no noticeable influence of the superconducting state on the magnetic
properties and no evidence for magnetic coupling across a 10 nm YBCO layer.


  We present a new theory of atom-atom dispersion interaction in the presence
of electromagnetic fields. The theory takes into account the absorption and
emission of virtual photons leading to the resonance contributions to the
interaction potential in the case of non-equilibrium dynamics.


  We present a preconditioning of a generalized forward-backward splitting
algorithm for finding a zero of a sum of maximally monotone operators
$\sum_{i=1}^{n} A_i + B$ with $B$ cocoercive, involving only the computation of
$B$ and of the resolvent of each $A_i$ separately. This allows in particular to
minimize functionals of the form $\sum_{i=1}^n g_i + f$ with $f$ smooth, using
only the computation of the gradient of $f$ and of the proximity operator of
each $g_i$ separately. By adapting the underlying metric, such preconditioning
can serve two practical purposes: first, it might accelerate the convergence,
or second, it might simplify the computation of the resolvent of $A_i$ for some
$i$. In addition, in many cases of interest, our preconditioning strategy
allows the economy of storage and computation concerning some auxiliary
variables. In particular, we show how this approach can handle large-scale,
nonsmooth, convex optimization problems structured on graphs, which arises in
many image processing or learning applications, and that it compares favorably
to alternatives in the literature.


  We propose a novel approach for First Impressions Recognition in terms of the
Big Five personality-traits from short videos. The Big Five personality traits
is a model to describe human personality using five broad categories:
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness. We
train two bi-modal end-to-end deep neural network architectures using
temporally ordered audio and novel stochastic visual features from few frames,
without over-fitting. We empirically show that the trained models perform
exceptionally well, even after training from a small sub-portions of inputs.
Our method is evaluated in ChaLearn LAP 2016 Apparent Personality Analysis
(APA) competition using ChaLearn LAP APA2016 dataset and achieved excellent
performance.


  It is shown that probabilistic treatment of quantum mechanics can be
coordinated with causality of all physical processes. The physical
interpretation of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as process of measurement
and collapse of quantum state is given.


  Lenny Susskind has made many important contributions to theoretical physics
during the past 35 years. In this talk I will discuss the early history of
string theory (1968-72) emphasizing Susskind's contributions.


  This review discusses and compares electronic spectra of new iron-based
high-temperature superconductors (HTSC), as well as a number of chemically
similar compounds. Particular attention is payed to iron chalcogenide
K_{1-x}Fe_{2-y}Se_2, which is isostructural to BaFe_2As_2 (122) pnictide. It is
shown, that Fermi surfaces of K_{1-x}Fe_{2-y}Se_2 are essentially different
from those for pnictides. Using LDA+DMFT and LDA'+DMFT calculations we show,
that electronic correlations in K_{1-x}Fe_{2-y}Se_2 influence the electronic
structure much more significantly, than in the most studied 122 system. We also
discuss the electronic structure of several multiple-band superconductors,
chemically similar to iron-based HTSC, with relatively small values of $T_c$,
such as SrPt_{2}As_{2}, APt_{3}P, (Sr,Ca)Pd_2As_2, and non superconducting
compound BaFe_2Se_3. It is shown, that electronic structure of these systems is
very different from previously studies iron pnictides and chalcogenides. The
value of T_c in these systems can be understood within the simple BCS model.


  This paper investigates whether current large language models exhibit biases
in logical reasoning, similar to humans. Specifically, we focus on syllogistic
reasoning, a well-studied form of inference in the cognitive science of human
deduction. To facilitate our analysis, we introduce a dataset called NeuBAROCO,
originally designed for psychological experiments that assess human logical
abilities in syllogistic reasoning. The dataset consists of syllogistic
inferences in both English and Japanese. We examine three types of biases
observed in human syllogistic reasoning: belief biases, conversion errors, and
atmosphere effects. Our findings demonstrate that current large language models
struggle more with problems involving these three types of biases.


  Apparent variability of the longitudinal magnetic fields in most stars is
caused by rotation, which quantitavely changes projection of the magnetic field
configuration on the line of sight. This is a purely geometrical effect and is
not related to possible intrinsic changes of the field. In some stars we
observe changes of the magnetic phase curve with time, which means that
parameters of the magnetic field change. Such changes occur in some objects in
time scale of several years, which is few orders of magnitude faster than
predicted by theory. Those changes imply need for improvement of the theory of
magnetic field evolution. We demonstrate changes of the rotational phase curves
in few stars.


  We obtain two uniform parametrization theorems for families of bounded sets
definable in $\mathbb R_{an}^{\mathbb R}$. Let $X = \{X_t \subset (0,1)^n \mid
t \in T\}$ be a definable family of sets $X_t$ of dimension at most $m$.
Firstly, $X_t$ admits a $C^r$-parametrization consisting of $cr^m$ maps for
some positive constant $c = c(X)$, which is uniform in $t$. Secondly, $X_t$
admits a $C$-mild parametrization for any $C>1$, which is also uniform in $t$.


  We combine experiments and theory to investigate the orientational dynamics
of dipolar ellipsoids, which self-assemble into elongated ribbon-like
structures due to the presence in each particle of a permanent magnetic moment
perpendicular to the long axis. Monodisperse hematite ellipsoids are
synthesized via sol-gel technique, and arrange into ribbons in presence of
static or time-dependent magnetic fields. We find that under an oscillating
field, the ribbons reorient perpendicular to the field direction, in contrast
with the behaviour observed under a static field. This observation is explained
theoretically by treating a chain of interacting ellipsoids as a single
particle with an orientational and demagnetizing field energy. The model allows
describing the orientational behaviour of the chain and captures well its
dynamics at different strengths of the actuating field. The understanding of
the complex dynamics and assembly of anisotropic magnetic colloids is a
necessary step towards controlling the structure formation which has direct
applications in different fluid-based microscale technologies.


  M5 branes probing D-type singularities give rise to 6d (1,0) SCFTs with $SO
\times SO$ flavor symmetry known as D-type conformal matter theories. Gauging
the diagonal $SO$-flavor symmetry leads to a little string theory with an
intrinsic scale which can be engineered in F-theory by compactifying on a
doubly-elliptic Calabi-Yau manifold. We derive Seiberg-Witten curves for these
little string theories which can be interpreted as mirror curves for the
corresponding Calabi-Yau manifolds. Under fiber-base duality these models are
mapped to D-type quiver gauge theories and we check that their Seiberg-Witten
curves match. By taking decompactification limits, we construct the curves for
the related 6d SCFTs and connect to known results in the literature by further
taking 5d and 4d limits.


  We report an experimental test of single-shot polarimetry applied to the
problem of real-time monitoring of the output polarization states in each core
within a multicore fiber bundle. The technique uses a stress-engineered optical
element together with an analyzer and provides a point spread function whose
shape unambiguously reveals the polarization state of a point source. We
implement this technique to monitor, simultaneously and in real time, the
output polarization states of up to 180 single mode fiber cores in both
conventional and polarization-maintaining bundles. We demonstrate also that the
technique can be used to fully characterize the polarization properties of each
individual ber core including eigen-polarization states, phase delay and
diattenuation.


  We prove a tight parallel repetition theorem for $3$-message
computationally-secure quantum interactive protocols between an efficient
challenger and an efficient adversary. We also prove under plausible
assumptions that the security of $4$-message computationally secure protocols
does not generally decrease under parallel repetition. These mirror the
classical results of Bellare, Impagliazzo, and Naor [BIN97]. Finally, we prove
that all quantum argument systems can be generically compiled to an equivalent
$3$-message argument system, mirroring the transformation for quantum proof
systems [KW00, KKMV07].
  As immediate applications, we show how to derive hardness amplification
theorems for quantum bit commitment schemes (answering a question of Yan
[Yan22]), EFI pairs (answering a question of Brakerski, Canetti, and Qian
[BCQ23]), public-key quantum money schemes (answering a question of Aaronson
and Christiano [AC13]), and quantum zero-knowledge argument systems. We also
derive an XOR lemma [Yao82] for quantum predicates as a corollary.


  We investigate the sensitivity of top pair production to the properties of
different Beyond the Standard Model theories embedding a new neutral boson. We
include six-fermion decay, and account for the full tree-level Standard Model
ttbar interference, with all intermediate particles allowed off-shell. We focus
on those observables best suited to the lepton-plus-jets final state at the
LHC, and simulate the resulting experimental conditions, including kinematic
requirements and top quark pair reconstruction in the presence of missing
transverse energy and combinatorial ambiguity in quark-top assignment. In
particular, we demonstrate the use of asymmetry observables to probe the
coupling structure of a new neutral resonance, in addition to cases in which
these asymmetries may even form complementary discovery observables in
combination with the differential cross section.


  The paper presents some heuristic results about the distribution of zeros of
Hermite-Pade polynomials of first kind for the case of three functions
$1,f,f^2$, where $f$ has the form $f(z): = \prod\limits_ {j = 1 } ^3 (z-a_j) ^
{\alpha_j} $, $\alpha_j \in \mathbb C\setminus \mathbb Z $, $ \sum \limits_ {j
= 1 } ^ 3 \alpha_j = 0 $, $ f (\infty) = 1 $. Answers are given in terms
related to the problem of extreme minimum capacity of a plane Nuttall
condenser, two plates of which intersect ("hooked" for each other) in a five
points: the branch points $ a_1, a_2, a_3 $ of function $ f $, at $ v_1 = v $,
where $ v = v (a_1, a_2, a_3) $ the Chebotarev point corresponding to triple
points $ a_1, a_2, a_3 $, and another "unknown" at $ v_2 \neq v_1, a_1, a_2,
a_3 $ (see Fig1-Fig3).
  The connection between the distribution of zeros of Hermite-Pade polynomials
and global topology of the Stokes lines and the asymptotic behavior of
Liouville-Green solutions of a class of homogeneous linear differential
equations of the third order containing a large parameter is the free term is
established.
  The basic idea of the new and still heuristic approach is to reduce at first
some theoretical potential vector equilibrium problem to the scalar problem
with the external field, and then use the general method of Gonchar-Rakhmanov
developed in 1987 for solving the Varga problem "about $ 1/9 $".
  It is supposed that in the general case of an arbitrary algebraic function $
f $ it is imposible to constract the Nuttall condenser for a set of three
functions $ 1, f, f ^ 2 $ without the knowledge of the structure of the Stahl
compact for function $ f $. Namely, the Nuttall condenser is constructed using
Green's function $ g_ {D} (z, \infty) $ for the Stahl domain $ D $ and "core"
of Stahl compact, which consists of "effective" branch points of $ f $ and
corresponding Chebotarev points.


  We investigate the effect of dissipation from a thermal environment on
topological pumping in the periodically-driven Rice-Mele model. We report that
dissipation can improve the robustness of pumping quantisation in a regime of
finite driving frequencies. Specifically, in this regime, a low-temperature
dissipative dynamics can lead to a pumped charge that is much closer to the
Thouless quantised value, compared to a coherent evolution. We understand this
effect in the Floquet framework: dissipation increases the population of a
Floquet band which shows a topological winding, where pumping is essentially
quantised. This finding is a step towards understanding a potentially very
useful resource to exploit in experiments, where dissipation effects are
unavoidable. We consider small couplings with the environment and we use a
Bloch-Redfield quantum master equation approach for our numerics: Comparing
these results with an exact MPS numerical treatment we find that the quantum
master equation works very well also at low temperature, a quite remarkable
fact.


  Let $[a,b]$ denote the integers between $a$ and $b$ inclusive and, for a
finite subset $X \subseteq \mathbb{Z}$, let the diameter of $X$ be equal to
$\max(X)-\min(X)$. We write $X<_p\,Y$ provided $\max(X)<\min(Y)$. For a
positive integer $m$, let $f(m,m,m;2)$ be the least integer $N$ such that any
$2$-coloring $\Delta: [1, N]\rightarrow \{0,1\}$ has three monochromatic
$m$-sets $B_1, B_2, B_3 \subseteq [1,N]$ (not necessarily of the same color)
with $B_1<_p\, B_2 <_p\, B_3$ and $diam(B_1)\leq diam(B_2)\leq diam(B_3)$.
Improving upon upper and lower bounds of Bialostocki, Erd\H os and Lefmann, we
show that $f(m,m,m;2)=8m-5+\lfloor\frac{2m-2}{3}\rfloor+\delta$ for $m\geq 2$,
where $\delta=1$ if $m\in \{2,5\}$ and $\delta=0$ otherwise.


  We studied the thermal conductivity of superfluid $^3$He in a 2.5 mm
effective diameter and 0.15 m long channel connecting the two volumes of our
experimental assembly. The main volume contained pure solid $^4$He, pure liquid
$^3$He and saturated liquid $^3$He-$^4$He mixture at varying proportions, while
the separate heat-exchanger volume housed sinter and was filled by liquid
$^3$He. The system was cooled externally by a copper nuclear demagnetization
stage, and, as an option, internally by the adiabatic melting of solid $^4$He
in the main volume. The counterflow effect of superfluid just below the
transition temperature $T_c$ resulted in the highest observed conductivity
about five times larger than that of the normal fluid at the $T_c$. Once the
hydrodynamic contribution had practically vanished below $0.5T_c$, we first
observed almost constant conductivity nearly equal to the normal fluid value at
the $T_c$. Finally, below about $0.3T_c$, the conductivity rapidly falls off
towards lower temperatures.


  A stability problem for the current state of the strong coupling
superconductor has been considered within the lattice Ginzburg-Landau model.
The critical current problem for a thin superconductor film is solved within
the London limit taking into account the crystal lattice symmetry. The current
dependence on the order parameter modulus is computed for the superconductor
film for various coupling parameter magnitudes. The field penetration problem
is shown to be described in this case by the one-dimensional sine-Gordon
equation. The field distribution around the vortex is described at the same
time by the two-dimensional elliptic sine-Gordon equation.


  A biquotient vector bundle is any vector bundle over a biquotient $G/\!\!/H$
of the form $G \times_H V$ for an $H$-representation $V$. In this article, we
study the question of when the tangent bundle of $G/\!\!/H$ is a biquotient
vector bundle. We find infinite families of examples of biquotients $M =
G/\!\!/H$ for which the tangent bundle is not a biquotient vector bundle for
any presentation of $M$ as a biquotient. In addition, we find infinite families
of examples for which $TM$ is or is not a biquotient vector bundle depending on
the presentation of $M$ as a biquotient. Finally, an appendix by Michael
Albanese contains a proof of an unpublished result of Hirzebruch.


  Slowly rotating black holes in the non-projectable Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz (HL)
theory were studied recently in Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 109}, 181101 (2012), and
claimed that they do not exist. In this Comment, we show that this is
incorrect, and such solutions indeed exist in the IR limit of the
non-projectable HL theory.


  We study the production of sterile neutrinos in supernovae, focusing in
particular on the keV--MeV mass range, which is the most interesting range if
sterile neutrinos are to account for the dark matter in the Universe. Focusing
on the simplest scenario in which sterile neutrinos mixes only with muon or tau
neutrino, we argue that the production of keV--MeV sterile neutrinos can be
strongly enhanced by a Mikheyev--Smirnov--Wolfenstein (MSW) resonance, so that
a substantial flux is expected to emerge from a supernova, even if vacuum
mixing angles between active and sterile neutrinos are tiny. Using energetics
arguments, this yields limits on the sterile neutrino parameter space that
reach down to mixing angles of the order of $\sin^2 2\theta \lesssim 10^{-14}$
and are up to an order of magnitude stronger than those from X-ray
observations. While supernova limits suffer from larger systematic
uncertainties than X-ray limits they apply also to scenarios in which sterile
neutrinos are not abundantly produced in the early Universe. We also compute
the flux of $\mathcal{O}(\text{MeV})$ photons expected from the decay of
sterile neutrinos produced in supernovae, but find that it is beyond current
observational reach even for a nearby supernova.


  The energy spectrum of high-energy neutrinos reported by the IceCube
collaboration shows a dip between 400 TeV and 1 PeV. One intriguing explanation
is that high-energy neutrinos scatter with the cosmic neutrino background
through a $\sim$ MeV mediator. Taking the density matrix approach, we develop a
formalism to study the propagation of PeV neutrinos in the presence of the new
neutrino interaction. If the interaction is flavored such as the gauged
$L_\mu-L_\tau$ model we consider, the resonant collision may not suppress the
PeV neutrino flux completely. The new force mediator may also contribute to the
number of effectively massless degrees of freedom in the early universe and
change the diffusion time of neutrinos from the supernova core. Astrophysical
observations such as Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and supernova cooling provide an
interesting test for the explanation.


  Effects of circulating energetic particles on the geodesic acoustic modes
(GAMs) with finite wave numbers are analyzed by using the hybrid kinetic-fluid
model. The dispersion relation is derived by adopting the slowing beam ions
distribution function in the presence of finite parallel wave number (FPWN),
which is shown to affect the GAM as the toroidal rotation to the classical GAMs
with zero wave numbers. The effects of CEIs can be divided into two parts. One
is contributed by the poloidal angle and kinetic energy dependencies of the
unperturbed distribution function, and is independent of the poloidal and
toroidal wave numbers. The other related to the radial gradient of the CEIs
pressure is proportional to the poloidal wave number, and is shown to play
destabilizing effect on the GAMs. The critical condition responsible for an
instability is analytically presented.


  We prove that, given two topologically-equivalent upward planar straight-line
drawings of an $n$-vertex directed graph $G$, there always exists a morph
between them such that all the intermediate drawings of the morph are upward
planar and straight-line. Such a morph consists of $O(1)$ morphing steps if $G$
is a reduced planar $st$-graph, $O(n)$ morphing steps if $G$ is a planar
$st$-graph, $O(n)$ morphing steps if $G$ is a reduced upward planar graph, and
$O(n^2)$ morphing steps if $G$ is a general upward planar graph. Further, we
show that $\Omega(n)$ morphing steps might be necessary for an upward planar
morph between two topologically-equivalent upward planar straight-line drawings
of an $n$-vertex path.


  A new family of locking-free finite elements for shear deformable
Reissner-Mindlin plates is presented. The elements are based on the
"tangential-displacement normal-normal-stress" formulation of elasticity. In
this formulation, the bending moments are treated as separate unknowns. The
degrees of freedom for the plate element are the nodal values of the
deflection, tangential components of the rotations and normal-normal components
of the bending strain. Contrary to other plate bending elements, no special
treatment for the shear term such as reduced integration is necessary. The
elements attain an optimal order of convergence.


  Chalcogenide materials have received great attention in the last decade owing
to their application in new memory systems. Recently, phase-change memories
have, in fact, reached the early stages of production. In spite of the
industrial exploitation of such materials, the physical processes governing the
switching mechanism are still debated. In this paper we work out a complete and
consistent model for transport in amorphous chalcogenide materials based on
trap-limited conduction accompanied by carrier heating. A previous model is
here extended to include position-dependent carrier concentration and field,
consistently linked by the Poisson equation. The results of the new model
reproduce the experimental electrical characteristics and their dependences on
the device length and temperature. Furthermore, the model provides a sound
physical interpretation of the switching phenomenon and is able to give an
estimate of the threshold condition in terms of the material parameters, a
piece of information of great technological interest.


  Seamlessly operating an autonomous vehicle in a crowded pedestrian
environment is a very challenging task. This is because human movement and
interactions are very hard to predict in such environments. Recent work has
demonstrated that reinforcement learning-based methods have the ability to
learn to drive in crowds. However, these methods can have very poor performance
due to inaccurate predictions of the pedestrians' future state as human motion
prediction has a large variance. To overcome this problem, we propose a new
method, SARL-SGAN-KCE, that combines a deep socially aware attentive value
network with a human multimodal trajectory prediction model to help identify
the optimal driving policy. We also introduce a novel technique to extend the
discrete action space with minimal additional computational requirements. The
kinematic constraints of the vehicle are also considered to ensure smooth and
safe trajectories. We evaluate our method against the state of art methods for
crowd navigation and provide an ablation study to show that our method is safer
and closer to human behaviour.


  This paper has been withdrawn because of a gap in the proof of Lemma 3.10.
The main reults in this paper have now been proved, and extended in the
following papers:
  S. Ariki and A. Mathas, The number of simple modules of the Hecke algebras of
type G(r,1,n)
  S. Ariki, On the classification of simple modules for cyclotomic Hecke
algebras of type G(m,1,n) and Kleshchev multipartitions


  The present study proposes the use of intelligent metasurfaces in the design
of products, as enforcers of circular economy principles. Intelligent
metasurfaces can tune their physical properties (electromagnetic, acoustic,
mechanical) by receiving software commands. When incorporated within products
and spaces they can mitigate the resource waste caused by inefficient,
partially optimized designs and security concerns. Thus, circular economy and
fast-paced product design become compatible. The study begins by considering
electromagnetic metamaterials, and proposes a complete methodology for their
deployment. Finally, it is shown that the same principles can be extended to
the control of mechanical properties of objects, exemplary enabling the
micro-management of vibrations and heat, with unprecedented circular economy
potential.


  In this document we study the application of weighted proportional fairness
to data flows in the Internet. We let the users set the weights of their
connections in order to maximise the utility they get from the network. When
combined with a pricing scheme where connections are billed by weight and time,
such a system is known to maximise the total utility of the network. Our study
case is a national Web cache server connected to long distance links. We
propose two ways of weighting TCP connections by manipulating some parameters
of the protocol and present results from simulations and prototypes. We finally
discuss how proportional fairness could be used to implement an Internet with
differentiated services.


  MindScape aims to study the benefits of integrating time series behavioral
patterns (e.g., conversational engagement, sleep, location) with Large Language
Models (LLMs) to create a new form of contextual AI journaling, promoting
self-reflection and well-being. We argue that integrating behavioral sensing in
LLMs will likely lead to a new frontier in AI. In this Late-Breaking Work
paper, we discuss the MindScape contextual journal App design that uses LLMs
and behavioral sensing to generate contextual and personalized journaling
prompts crafted to encourage self-reflection and emotional development. We also
discuss the MindScape study of college students based on a preliminary user
study and our upcoming study to assess the effectiveness of contextual AI
journaling in promoting better well-being on college campuses. MindScape
represents a new application class that embeds behavioral intelligence in AI.


  We consider the interaction of atomic hydrogen, in its ground state, with an
electromagnetic pulse whose duration is fixed in terms of the number of optical
cycles. We study the probability of excitation of the atom in the static field
limit i.e. for field frequencies going to zero. Despite the fact that the well
known Born-Fock adiabatic theorem is valid only for a system whose energy
spectrum is discrete, we show that it is still possible to use this theorem to
derive, in the low frequency limit, an analytical formula which gives the
probability of transition to any excited state of the atom as a function of the
field intensity, the carrier envelope phase and the number of optical cycles
within the pulse. The results for the probability of excitation to low-lying
excited states, obtained with this formula, agree with those we get by solving
the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. The domain of validity is discussed
in detail.


  Let G be a finitely generated linear group over a field of characteristic 0.
Suppose that every solvable subgroup of G is polycyclic. Then the claim is made
that any solvable subgroup of G is separable. This is proven for G=SL_n(Z).
However, the proof of the main theorem in section 4 is incomplete.


  We study the N/Z dependence of participant-spectator matter for Ca+Ca
reactions at 50 and 250MeV/nucleon. We also study the role of symmetry energy
and momentum-dependent interactions on the N/Z dependence of
participant-spectator matter.


  In this paper we investigate a multi-parameter deformation
$\mathfrak{B}_{r,s}^n(a,\lambda,\delta)$ of the walled Brauer algebra which was
previously introduced by Leduc (\cite{leduc}). We construct an integral basis
of $\mathfrak{B}_{r,s}^n(a,\lambda,\delta)$ consisting of oriented tangles
which is in bijection with walled Brauer diagrams. Moreover, we study a natural
action of $\mathfrak{B}_{r,s}^n(q)= \mathfrak{B}_{r,s}^n(q^{-1}-q,q^n,[n]_q)$
on mixed tensor space and prove that the kernel is free over the ground ring
$R$ of rank independent of $R$. As an application, we prove one side of
Schur--Weyl duality for mixed tensor space: the image of
$\mathfrak{B}_{r,s}^n(q)$ in the $R$-endomorphism ring of mixed tensor space
is, for all choices of $R$ and the parameter $q$, the endomorphism algebra of
the action of the (specialized via the Lusztig integral form) quantized
enveloping algebra $\mathbf{U}$ of the general linear Lie algebra
$\mathfrak{gl}_n$ on mixed tensor space. Thus, the $\mathbf{U}$-invariants in
the ring of $R$-linear endomorphisms of mixed tensor space are generated by the
action of $\mathfrak{B}_{r,s}^n(q)$.


  We present a study of 66 barred, early-type (S0-Sb) disk galaxies, focused on
the disk surface brightness profile outside the bar region and the nature of
Freeman Type I and II profiles, their origins, and their possible relation to
disk truncations. This paper discusses the data and their reduction, outlines
our classification system, and presents $R$-band profiles and classifications
for all galaxies in the sample.
  The profiles are derived from a variety of different sources, including the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (Data Release 5). For about half of the galaxies, we
have profiles derived from more than one telescope; this allows us to check the
stability and repeatability of our profile extraction and classification. The
vast majority of the profiles are reliable down to levels of mu_R ~ 27 mag
arcsec^-2; in exceptional cases, we can trace profiles down to mu_R > 28. We
can typically follow disk profiles out to at least 1.5 times the traditional
optical radius R_25; for some galaxies, we find light extending to ~ 3 R_25.
  We classify the profiles into three main groups: Type I (single-exponential),
Type II (down-bending), and Type III (up-bending). The frequencies of these
types are approximately 27%, 42%, and 24%, respectively, plus another 6% which
are combinations of Types II and III. We further classify Type II profiles by
where the break falls in relation to the bar length, and in terms of the
postulated mechanisms for breaks at large radii ("classical trunction" of star
formation versus the influence of the Outer Lindblad Resonance of the bar). We
also classify the Type III profiles by the probable morphology of the outer
light (disk or spheroid). Illustrations are given for all cases. (Abridged)


  Massive multi-modality datasets play a significant role in facilitating the
success of large video-language models. However, current video-language
datasets primarily provide text descriptions for visual frames, considering
audio to be weakly related information. They usually overlook exploring the
potential of inherent audio-visual correlation, leading to monotonous
annotation within each modality instead of comprehensive and precise
descriptions. Such ignorance results in the difficulty of multiple
cross-modality studies. To fulfill this gap, we present MMTrail, a large-scale
multi-modality video-language dataset incorporating more than 20M trailer clips
with visual captions, and 2M high-quality clips with multimodal captions.
Trailers preview full-length video works and integrate context, visual frames,
and background music. In particular, the trailer has two main advantages: (1)
the topics are diverse, and the content characters are of various types, e.g.,
film, news, and gaming. (2) the corresponding background music is
custom-designed, making it more coherent with the visual context. Upon these
insights, we propose a systemic captioning framework, achieving various
modality annotations with more than 27.1k hours of trailer videos. Here, to
ensure the caption retains music perspective while preserving the authority of
visual context, we leverage the advanced LLM to merge all annotations
adaptively. In this fashion, our MMtrail dataset potentially paves the path for
fine-grained large multimodal-language model training. In experiments, we
provide evaluation metrics and benchmark results on our dataset, demonstrating
the high quality of our annotation and its effectiveness for model training.


  We describe the new fast timing readout chip SAMPIC developed in CEA Saclay
and in LAL Orsay (France) as well as the results of differents tests performed
using that chip.


  We study the electron spin resonance in a dilute magnon gas that is realized
in a ferromagnetic spin system at low temperature. A quantum cluster expansion
is developed to show that the frequency shift of the single-magnon peak changes
its sign and the linewidth reaches its maximum across a scattering resonance
between magnons. Such characteristic behaviors are universal and can be used to
experimentally locate the two-magnon resonance when an external parameter such
as pressure is varied. Future achievement of the two-magnon resonance may have
an impact comparable to the Feshbach resonance in ultracold atoms and will open
up a rich variety of strongly correlated physics such as the recently proposed
Efimov effect in quantum magnets. We also suggest how the emergence of an
Efimov state of three magnons and its binding energy may be observed with the
electron spin resonance.


  A simple method is proposed for determining the masses of new particles in
collider events containing a pair of decay chains (not necessarily identical)
of the form Z -> Y+1, Y -> X+2, X -> N+3, where 1,2 and 3 are visible but N is
not. Initial study of a possible supersymmetric case suggests that the method
can determine the four unknown masses in effectively identical chains with good
accuracy from samples of a few tens of events.


  As the main contribution, this document provides a consistent discretization
of a class of fixed-time stable systems, namely predefined-time stable systems.
In the unperturbed case, the proposed approach allows obtaining not only a
consistent but exact discretization of the considered class of predefined-time
stable systems, whereas in the perturbed case, the consistent discretization
preserves the predefined-time stability property. All the results are validated
through simulations and compared with the conventional explicit Euler scheme,
highlighting the advantages of this proposal.


  We make a thorough investigation of the asymptotic quasinormal modes of the
four and five-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole for scalar, electromagnetic
and gravitational perturbations. Our numerical results give full support to all
the analytical predictions by Motl and Neitzke, for the leading term. We also
compute the first order corrections analytically, by extending to higher
dimensions, previous work of Musiri and Siopsis, and find excellent agreement
with the numerical results. For generic spacetime dimension number D the
first-order corrections go as $\frac{1}{n^{(D-3)/(D-2)}}$. This means that
there is a more rapid convergence to the asymptotic value for the five
dimensional case than for the four dimensional case, as we also show
numerically.


  We propose the lepton mixing matrix at high energy scale to be connected to
quark mixing matrix by the similar transformation. The similarity between CKM
and PMNS significantly narrows down the ranges in physical parameters. The
condition requires $\sin\theta_{13}$ not to be larger than 0.15, masses to be
of quasi-degenerate normal ordering, and $\tan\beta$ to be large.


  Solar gravity (g) modes propagate within the radiative part of the solar
interior and are highly sensitive to the physical conditions of the solar core.
They would represent the best tool to infer the structure and dynamics of the
radiative interior, in particular the core, if they were properly detected and
characterized. Although individual rotational splittings for g modes have not
yet been calculated, we have to understand the effect of these modes, and also
low-degree high-frequency p modes, on the inversion of the solar rotation rate
between 0.1 and 0.2 Rs. In this work, we follow the methodology developed in
Mathur et al. (2008) and Garcia et al. (2008), adding g modes and low-degree
high-frequency p modes to artificial inversion data sets, in order to study how
they convey information on the solar core rotation.


  In this paper we present a tail inequality for the maximum of partial sums of
a weakly dependent sequence of random variables that are not necessarily
bounded. The class considered includes geometrically and subgeometrically
strongly mixing sequences. The result is then used to derive asymptotic
moderate deviations results. Applications include classes of Markov chains,
functions of linear processes with absolutely regular innovations and ARCH
models


  We apply the theory of Quantum Generalized Hydrodynamics (QGHD) introduced in
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 140603 (2020)] to derive asymptotically exact results
for the density fluctuations and the entanglement entropy of a one-dimensional
trapped Bose gas in the Tonks-Girardeau (TG) or hard-core limit, after a trap
quench from a double well to a single well. On the analytical side, the
quadratic nature of the theory of QGHD is complemented with the emerging
conformal invariance at the TG point to fix the universal part of those
quantities. Moreover, the well-known mapping of hard-core bosons to free
fermions, allows to use a generalized form of the Fisher-Hartwig conjecture to
fix the non-trivial spacetime dependence of the ultraviolet cutoff in the
entanglement entropy. The free nature of the TG gas also allows for more
accurate results on the numerical side, where a higher number of particles as
compared to the interacting case can be simulated. The agreement between
analytical and numerical predictions is extremely good. For the density
fluctuations, however, one has to average out large Friedel oscillations
present in the numerics to recover such agreement.


  We briefly describe the Poor Man's Supercomputer (PMS) project carried out at
Eotvos University, Budapest. The goal was to develop a cost effective,
scalable, fast parallel computer to perform numerical calculations of physical
problems that can be implemented on a lattice with nearest neighbour
interactions. To this end we developed the PMS architecture using PC components
and designed a special, low cost communication hardware and the driver software
for Linux OS. Our first implementation of PMS includes 32 nodes (PMS1). The
performance of PMS1 was tested by Lattice Gauge Theory simulations. Using SU(3)
pure gauge theory or bosonic MSSM on PMS1 we obtained 3$/Mflop and 0.45$Mflop
price-to-sustained performance for double and single precision operations,
respectively. The design of the special hardware and the communication driver
are freely available upon request for non-profit organizations.


  The motion of spinning massless particles in gravitationally curved
backgrounds is revisited by considering new types of constraints. Those
constraints guarantee zero mass ($P_\mu P^\mu=0$) and they allow for the
possibility of trajectories which are not simply null geodesics. To exemplify
this previously unknown possibility, the equations of motion are solved for
radial motion in Schwarzschild background. It is found that the particle
experiences a spin-induced energy shift, which is proportional to the Hawking
temperature of the black hole background.


  A minimal system of generators of the algebra of the centro-affine covariants
for homogeneous planar cubic differential systems with linear part is known.
With the help of the Gurevich theorem avoiding the Aronhold's identities based
on the calculation of determinants, we describe the algebra of the centro-affne
covariants for homogeneous planar cubic differential systems with free terms.


  Let $A$ be a finite-dimensional algebra over a field of characteristic $p>0$.
We use a functorial approach involving torsion pairs to construct embeddings of
endomorphism algebras of basic projective $A$--modules $P$ into those of the
torsion submodules of $P$. As an application, we show that blocks of both the
classical and quantum Schur algebras $S(2,r)$ and $S_q(2,r)$ are Morita
equivalent as quasi-hereditary algebras to their Ringel duals if they contain
$2p^k$ simple modules for some $k$.


  Using the first long-term photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey
Satellite, we have carried out a detailed time-resolved timing analysis of an
intermediate polar TX Col. The power spectra of almost 52 days continuous
time-series data reveal the orbital period of $5.691 \pm 0.006$ hr, spin period
of $1909.5 \pm 0.2$ s, and beat period of $2105.76 \pm 0.25$ s, which is
consistent with the earlier results. We have also found the presence of
quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) for a few days with a period of 5850-5950 s,
which appears to be due to the beating of the Keplerian period with the spin
period of the white dwarf. The continuous data allowed us to look thoroughly at
the day-wise evolution of the system's accretion geometry. We report here that
the TX Col changes its accretion mechanism even on a time-scale of one day,
confirming its variable disk-overflow accretion nature. For the majority of the
time, it was found to be disk-overflow system with stream-fed dominance,
however, pure disk-fed and pure stream-fed accretions cannot be ruled out
during the observations.


  Machine-learning phishing webpage detectors (ML-PWD) have been shown to
suffer from adversarial manipulations of the HTML code of the input webpage.
Nevertheless, the attacks recently proposed have demonstrated limited
effectiveness due to their lack of optimizing the usage of the adopted
manipulations, and they focus solely on specific elements of the HTML code. In
this work, we overcome these limitations by first designing a novel set of
fine-grained manipulations which allow to modify the HTML code of the input
phishing webpage without compromising its maliciousness and visual appearance,
i.e., the manipulations are functionality- and rendering-preserving by design.
We then select which manipulations should be applied to bypass the target
detector by a query-efficient black-box optimization algorithm. Our experiments
show that our attacks are able to raze to the ground the performance of current
state-of-the-art ML-PWD using just 30 queries, thus overcoming the weaker
attacks developed in previous work, and enabling a much fairer robustness
evaluation of ML-PWD.


  The vertical handover decision is considered an NP-Hard problem. For that
reason, a large variety of vertical handoff algorithms (VHA) have been proposed
to help the user to select dynamically the best access network in terms of
quality of service (QoS). The objective of this paper is to provide a new
approach for evaluating of the vertical handoff algorithms in order to choose
the most appropriate algorithm which should be used to select the best access
network. Simulation results are presented to evaluate and to test our new
evaluation model


  We consider a possibly degenerate Kolmogorov-Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator of
the form L = Tr(BD 2) + Az, D , where A, B are N x N matrices, z $\in$ R N , N
$\ge$ 1, which satisfy the Kalman condition which is equivalent to the
hypoellipticity condition. We prove the following stability result: the
Schauder and Sobolev estimates associated with the corresponding parabolic
Cauchy problem remain valid, with the same constant, for the parabolic Cauchy
problem associated with a second order perturbation of L, namely for L +
Tr(S(t)D 2) where S(t) is a non-negative N x N matrix depending continuously on
t $\ge$ 0. Our approach relies on the perturbative technique based on the
Poisson process introduced in [15].


  Cellular Automaton (CA) and an Integral Value Transformation (IVT) are two
well established mathematical models which evolve in discrete time steps.
Theoretically, studies on CA suggest that CA is capable of producing a great
variety of evolution patterns. However computation of non-linear CA or higher
dimensional CA maybe complex, whereas IVTs can be manipulated easily. The main
purpose of this paper is to study the link between a transition function of a
one-dimensional CA and IVTs. Mathematically, we have also established the
algebraic structures of a set of transition functions of a one-dimensional CA
as well as that of a set of IVTs using binary operations. Also DNA sequence
evolution has been modelled using IVTs.


  We calculate transport properties of disordered 2D d-wave superconductors
from solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, and show that weak
localization effects give rise to a finite frequency peak in the optical
conductivity similar to that observed in experiments on disordered cuprates. At
low energies, order parameter inhomogeneities induce linear and quadratic
temperature dependencies in microwave and thermal conductivities respectively,
and appear to drive the system towards a quasiparticle insulating phase.


  The goal of this paper is to make Optimal Experimental Design (OED)
computationally feasible for problems involving significant computational
expense. We focus exclusively on the Mean Objective Cost of Uncertainty (MOCU),
which is a specific methodology for OED, and we propose extensions to MOCU that
leverage surrogates and adaptive sampling. We focus on reducing the
computational expense associated with evaluating a large set of control
policies across a large set of uncertain variables. We propose reducing the
computational expense of MOCU by approximating intermediate calculations
associated with each parameter/control pair with a surrogate. This surrogate is
constructed from sparse sampling and (possibly) refined adaptively through a
combination of sensitivity estimation and probabilistic knowledge gained
directly from the experimental measurements prescribed from MOCU. We
demonstrate our methods on example problems and compare performance relative to
surrogate-approximated MOCU with no adaptive sampling and to full MOCU. We find
evidence that adaptive sampling does improve performance, but the decision on
whether to use surrogate-approximated MOCU versus full MOCU will depend on the
relative expense of computation versus experimentation. If computation is more
expensive than experimentation, then one should consider using our approach.


  In this PhD thesis we discuss, develop and apply this fascinating theory
connected to modern harmonic analysis. In particular we make new estimations of
Vilenkin-Fourier coefficients and prove some new results concerning boundedness
of maximal operators of partial sums. Moreover, we derive necessary and
sufficient conditions for the modulus of continuity so that norm convergence of
the partial sums is valid and develop new methods to prove Hardy type
inequalities for the partial sums with respect to the Vilenkin systems. We also
do the similar investigation for the Fej\'er means. Furthermore, we investigate
some N\"orlund means but only in the case when their coefficients are monotone.
Some well-know examples of N\"orlund means are Fej\'er means, Ces\`aro means
and N\"orlund logarithmic means. In addition, we consider Riesz logarithmic
means, which are not example of N\"orlund means. It is also proved that these
results are the best possible in a special sense. As applications both some
well-known and new results are pointed out.


  Quantum parameter estimation plays a key role in many fields like quantum
computation, communication and metrology. Optimal estimation allows one to
achieve the most precise parameter estimates, but requires accurate knowledge
of the model. Any inevitable uncertainty in the model parameters may heavily
degrade the quality of the estimate. It is therefore desired to make the
estimation process robust to such uncertainties. Robust estimation was
previously studied for a varying phase, where the goal was to estimate the
phase at some time in the past, using the measurement results from both before
and after that time within a fixed time interval up to current time. Here, we
consider a robust guaranteed-cost filter yielding robust estimates of a varying
phase in real time, where the current phase is estimated using only past
measurements. Our filter minimizes the largest (worst-case) variance in the
allowable range of the uncertain model parameter(s) and this determines its
guaranteed cost. It outperforms in the worst case the optimal Kalman filter
designed for the model with no uncertainty, that corresponds to the center of
the possible range of the uncertain parameter(s). Moreover, unlike the Kalman
filter, our filter in the worst case always performs better than the best
achievable variance for heterodyne measurements, that we consider as the
tolerable threshold for our system. Furthermore, we consider effective quantum
efficiency and effective noise power, and show that our filter provides the
best results by these measures in the worst case.


  The growing interest of people in science events, the projects supported by
the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research to foster STEM
teaching in different levels of the education system and the introduction of
modern physics in some Italian high schools, contributed to the strengthening
of interaction between schools, universities and research centers. This
interaction realized in dedicated activities characterized by innovative
communication and education strategies.This paper presents the events of
science dissemination organized in the last years by the University of Ferrara
and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics taking into account some case
study differentiated by contents, recipients and education strategies.


  The proposed LUXE experiment (LASER Und XFEL Experiment) at DESY, Hamburg,
using the 16.5 GeV electron beam from the European XFEL, aims to probe QED in
the non-perturbative regime created in collisions between high-intensity laser
pulses and high-energy electron or photon beams. In this strong-field regime,
where the electromagnetic field of the laser is above the Schwinger limit,
physical electron-positron pairs will be created from the QED vacuum, similar
to Hawking radiation from black holes. LUXE intends to measure the positron
production rate in an unprecedented intensity regime, in and beyond the regime
expected in the beam-beam interaction of future electron-positron colliders.
This setup also provides a unique opportunity to probe physics beyond the
standard model by leveraging the large photon flux generated at LUXE, probing
axion-like particles (ALPs) at a reach comparable to FASER2 and NA62. In this
contribution, we will give an overview of the LUXE experimental setup and its
challenges and explore the sensitivity of a LUXE-type experiment using the
ILC$'$s or another future Higgs factory$'$s electron beam instead of the
EU.XFEL one.


  The electron-positron annihilation into two photons is a standard technology
in medicine to observe e.g. metabolic processes in human bodies. A new
tomograph will provide the possibility to observe not only direct $e^+ e^-$
annihilations but also the $3$ photons from the decay of ortho-positronium
atoms formed in the body. We show in this contribution that the three-photon
state with respect to polarisation degrees of freedom depends on the angles
between the photons and exhibits various specific entanglement features. In
particular genuine multipartite entanglement, a type of entanglement involving
all degrees of freedoms, is subsistent if the positronium was in a definite
spin eigenstate. Remarkably, when all spin eigenstates are mixed equally,
entanglement --and even stronger genuine multipartite entanglement-- survives.
Due to a "\textit{symmetrization}" process, however, $Dicke$-type of
entanglement remains whereas $GHZ$-type of entanglement vanishes. The survival
of particular entanglement properties in the mixing scenario may make it
possible to extract quantum information in form of distinct entanglement
features, e.g., from metabolic processes in human bodies.


  In a landmark contribution to the structural vector autoregression (SVARs)
literature, Rubio-Ramirez, Waggoner, and Zha (2010, `Structural Vector
Autoregressions: Theory of Identification and Algorithms for Inference,' Review
of Economic Studies) shows a necessary and sufficient condition for equality
restrictions to globally identify the structural parameters of a SVAR. The
simplest form of the necessary and sufficient condition shown in Theorem 7 of
Rubio-Ramirez et al (2010) checks the number of zero restrictions and the ranks
of particular matrices without requiring knowledge of the true value of the
structural or reduced-form parameters. However, this note shows by
counterexample that this condition is not sufficient for global identification.
Analytical investigation of the counterexample clarifies why their sufficiency
claim breaks down. The problem with the rank condition is that it allows for
the possibility that restrictions are redundant, in the sense that one or more
restrictions may be implied by other restrictions, in which case the implied
restriction contains no identifying information. We derive a modified necessary
and sufficient condition for SVAR global identification and clarify how it can
be assessed in practice.


  We study the generation of THz radiation from the acceleration of ultrafast
photoexcited charge carriers in graphene in the presence of a DC electric
field. Our model is based on calculating the transient current density from the
time-dependent distribution function which is determined using the Boltzmann
transport equation within a relaxation time approximation. We include the
time-dependent generation of carriers by the pump pulse by solving for the
carrier generation rate using the Bloch equations in the rotating wave
approximation (RWA). The linearly polarized pump pulse generates an anisotropic
distribution of photoexcited carriers in the $k_x-k_y$ plane. The collision
integral in the Boltzmann equation includes a term that leads to the
\textit{thermalization} of carriers via carrier-carrier scattering to an
effective temperature above the lattice temperature, as well as a
\textit{cooling} term which leads to energy relaxation via inelastic
carrier-phonon scattering. The radiated signal is proportional to the time
derivative of the transient current density. In spite of the fact that the
magnitude of the velocity is the same for all the carriers in graphene, there
is still emitted radiation from the photoexcited charge carriers with frequency
components in the THz range due to a change in the \textit{direction} of
velocity of the photoexcited carriers in the external electric field as well as
\textit{cooling} of the photoexcited carriers on a sub-picosecond time scale.


  In this paper we simplify and extend previous work on three-point functions
in Vasiliev's higher spin gauge theory in AdS4. We work in a gauge in which the
space-time dependence of Vasiliev's master fields is gauged away completely,
leaving only the internal twistor-like variables. The correlation functions of
boundary operators can be easily computed in this gauge. We find complete
agreement of the tree level three point functions of higher spin currents in
Vasiliev's theory with the conjectured dual free O(N) vector theory.


  In the perturbative QCD approach to exclusive B decays to two light mesons,
the leading twist contribution corresponds to those diagrams in the
Lepage-Brodsky expansion in which the would be spectator quark receives its
recoil momentum via one gluon exchange. We show that the resulting amplitude,
which in the spectator model is real, acquires an imaginary part which may be
comparable in size to its real part. Thus, this source of the strong
interaction phase in the amplitude must be taken into account in general to
discuss, reliably, the expectations for CP violation in B decays at any
B-Factory type scenario.


  Most existing approaches to disfluency detection heavily rely on
human-annotated corpora, which is expensive to obtain in practice. There have
been several proposals to alleviate this issue with, for instance,
self-supervised learning techniques, but they still require human-annotated
corpora. In this work, we explore the unsupervised learning paradigm which can
potentially work with unlabeled text corpora that are cheaper and easier to
obtain. Our model builds upon the recent work on Noisy Student Training, a
semi-supervised learning approach that extends the idea of self-training.
Experimental results on the commonly used English Switchboard test set show
that our approach achieves competitive performance compared to the previous
state-of-the-art supervised systems using contextualized word embeddings (e.g.
BERT and ELECTRA).


  We derive a simple closed formula for the SL(2,C) Casson invariant for
Seifert fibered homology 3-spheres using the correspondence between SL(2,C)
character varieties and moduli spaces of parabolic Higgs bundles of rank two.
These results are then used to deduce the invariant for Dehn surgeries on twist
knots by combining computations of the Culler-Shalen norms with the surgery
formula for the SL(2,C) Casson invariant.