  Deep learning has recently been applied to automatically classify the
modulation categories of received radio signals without manual experience.
However, training deep learning models requires massive volume of data. An
insufficient training data will cause serious overfitting problem and degrade
the classification accuracy. To cope with small dataset, data augmentation has
been widely used in image processing to expand the dataset and improve the
robustness of deep learning models. However, in wireless communication areas,
the effect of different data augmentation methods on radio modulation
classification has not been studied yet. In this paper, we evaluate different
data augmentation methods via a state-of-the-art deep learning-based modulation
classifier. Based on the characteristics of modulated signals, three
augmentation methods are considered, i.e., rotation, flip, and Gaussian noise,
which can be applied in both training phase and inference phase of the deep
learning algorithm. Numerical results show that all three augmentation methods
can improve the classification accuracy. Among which, the rotation augmentation
method outperforms the flip method, both of which achieve higher classification
accuracy than the Gaussian noise method. Given only 12.5% of training dataset,
a joint rotation and flip augmentation policy can achieve even higher
classification accuracy than the baseline with initial 100% training dataset
without augmentation. Furthermore, with data augmentation, radio modulation
categories can be successfully classified using shorter radio samples, leading
to a simplified deep learning model and shorter the classification response
time.


  In the existing literature, the Redheffer inequality is typically proven
using mathematical induction. In this short paper, we present a straightforward
proof of this inequality by leveraging trigonometric substitution. We then
extend the Redheffer inequality by introducing an exponent factor, aiming for
the sharpest possible refinement. Notably, when the exponent is 2, our findings
have implications for quantum error correction in the context of quantum phase
estimation.


  We classify modules and rings with some specific properties of their
intersection graphs. In particular, we describe rings with infinite
intersection graphs containing maximal left ideals of finite degree. This
answers a question raised in [A2]. We also generalize this result to modules,
i.e. we get the structure theorem of modules for which their intersection
graphs are infinite and contain maximal submodules of finite degree.
Furthermore we omit the assumption of maximality of submodules and still get a
satisfactory characterization of such modules. In addition we show that, if the
intersection graph of a module is infinite but its clique number is finite,
then the clique and chromatic numbers of the graph coincide. This fact was
known earlier only in some particular cases. It appears that such equality
holds also in the complement graph.


  ZEPLIN-II is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon dark matter detector searching
for WIMP-nucleon interactions. In this paper we describe the data acquisition
system used to record the data from ZEPLIN-II and the reduction procedures
which parameterise the data for subsequent analysis.


  Boson stars are potential sources of gravitational radiation. To improve our
comprehension of these exotic objects, we present the study of geodesics within
the space-times of stable, collapsing, and migrating boson stars. We focus on
timelike geodesics that are initially circular or reciprocating. We verify that
orbits initially bound within a stable boson stars persist in their bound
states. For a collapsing boson star, we show that orbits initially bound and
reciprocating finally either become unbound or plunge into the newly formed
black hole, depending on their initial maximal radii. For initially circular
geodesics, orbits with small radii plunge into the black hole; orbits with
intermediate radii become unbound; and large radii orbits linger around the
black hole with nonvanishing eccentricities. For the migrating case, a black
hole does not form. In this case, the reciprocating orbits span a wider radial
range. For initially circular geodesics, orbits with small radii become
unbound, and orbits with large radii remain bound with nonvanishing
eccentricities. This geodesic study provides a novel approach to investigate
the gravitational collapse and migration of boson stars.


  A model potential for two-particle relativistic systems is investigated in
the framework of Poincare-invariant quantum mechanics (or relativistic
Hamiltonian dynamics). The potential considered allows to reduce the main
integro-differential equation of Poincare-invariant quantum mechanics to the
equation analogous to the radial equation and have analytical solution for
relativistic bound system. We discuss the possible choice of the parameters of
potential and apply our model to the description of light meson Regge
trajectories.


  External validity is often questionable in empirical research, especially in
randomized experiments due to the trade-off between internal validity and
external validity. To quantify the robustness of external validity, one must
first conceptualize the gap between a sample that is fully representative of
the target population (i.e., the ideal sample) and the observed sample. Drawing
on Frank & Min (2007) and Frank et al. (2013), I define such gap as the
unobserved sample and intend to quantify its relationship with the null
hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) in this study. The probability of
invalidating a causal inference due to limited external validity, i.e., the
PEV, is the probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis based on the
ideal sample provided the null hypothesis has been rejected based on the
observed sample. This study illustrates the guideline and the procedure of
evaluating external validity with the PEV through an empirical example (i.e.,
Borman et al. (2008)). Specifically, one would be able to locate the threshold
of the unobserved sample statistic that would make the PEV higher than a
desired value and use this information to characterize the unobserved sample
that would render external validity of the research in question less robust.
The PEV is shown to be linked to statistical power when the NHST is thought to
be based on the ideal sample.


  We propose that observables in quantum theory are properly understood as
representatives of symmetry-invariant quantities relating one system to
another, the latter to be called a reference system. We provide a rigorous
mathematical language to introduce and study quantum reference systems, showing
that the orthodox "absolute" quantities are good representatives of observable
relative quantities if the reference state is suitably localised. We use this
relational formalism to critique the literature on the relationship between
reference frames and superselection rules, settling a long-standing debate on
the subject.


  Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model (GPLVM) is a flexible framework to
handle uncertain inputs in Gaussian Processes (GPs) and incorporate GPs as
components of larger graphical models. Nonetheless, the standard GPLVM
variational inference approach is tractable only for a narrow family of kernel
functions. The most popular implementations of GPLVM circumvent this limitation
using quadrature methods, which may become a computational bottleneck even for
relatively low dimensions. For instance, the widely employed Gauss-Hermite
quadrature has exponential complexity on the number of dimensions. In this
work, we propose using the unscented transformation instead. Overall, this
method presents comparable, if not better, performance than offthe-shelf
solutions to GPLVM and its computational complexity scales only linearly on
dimension. In contrast to Monte Carlo methods, our approach is deterministic
and works well with quasi-Newton methods, such as the
Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. We illustrate the
applicability of our method with experiments on dimensionality reduction and
multistep-ahead prediction with uncertainty propagation.


  Despite recent advances in the field of Oncoimmunology, the success potential
of immunomodulatory therapies against cancer remains to be elucidated. One of
the reasons is the lack of understanding on the complex interplay between tumor
growth dynamics and the associated immune system responses. Towards this goal,
we consider a mathematical model of vascularized tumor growth and the
corresponding effector cell recruitment dynamics. Bifurcation analysis allows
for the exploration of model's dynamic behavior and the determination of these
parameter regimes that result in immune-mediated tumor control. Here, we focus
on a particular tumor evasion regime that involves tumor and effector cell
concentration oscillations of slowly increasing and decreasing amplitude,
respectively. Considering a temporal multiscale analysis, we derive an
analytically tractable mapping of model solutions onto a weakly negatively
damped harmonic oscillator. Based on our analysis, we propose a theory-driven
intervention strategy involving immunostimulating and immunosuppressive phases
to induce long-term tumor control.


  The classical (m,k)-Landen transform F_{m,k} is a self-map of the field of
rational functions C(z) obtained by forming a weighted average of a rational
function over twists by m'th roots of unity. Identifying the set of rational
maps of degree d with an affine open subset of P^{2d+1}, we prove that F_{m,0}
induces a dominant rational self-map R_{d,m,0} of P^{2d+1} of algebraic degree
m, and for 0 < k < m, the transform F_{m,k} induces a dominant rational
self-map R_{d,m,k} of algebraic degree m of a certain hyperplane in P^{2d+1}.
We show in all cases that R_{d,m,k} extends nicely to a map of P^{2d+1} over
Spec(Z), and that {R_{d,m,0} : m \ge 0} is a commuting family of maps.


  The relation of the shear viscosity coefficient to the recently introduced
transport rate is derived within relativistic kinetic theory. We calculate the
shear viscosity over entropy ratio \eta/s for a gluon gas, which involves
elastic gg-> gg perturbative QCD (PQCD) scatterings as well as inelastic
gg<->ggg PQCD bremsstrahlung. For \alpha_s=0.3 we find \eta/s=0.13 and for
\alpha_s=0.6, \eta/s=0.076. The small \eta/s values, which suggest strongly
coupled systems, are due to the gluon bremsstrahlung incorporated.


  Let $X=\{X(x): x\in\mathbb{S}^N\}$ be a real-valued, centered Gaussian random
field indexed on the $N$-dimensional unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^N$. Approximations
to the excursion probability ${\mathbb{P}}\{\sup_{x\in\mathbb{S}^N}X(x)\ge
u\}$, as $u\to\infty$, are obtained for two cases: (i) $X$ is locally isotropic
and its sample functions are non-smooth and; (ii) $X$ is isotropic and its
sample functions are twice differentiable. For case (i), the excursion
probability can be studied by applying the results in Piterbarg (Asymptotic
Methods in the Theory of Gaussian Processes and Fields (1996) Amer. Math.
Soc.), Mikhaleva and Piterbarg (Theory Probab. Appl. 41 (1997) 367--379) and
Chan and Lai (Ann. Probab. 34 (2006) 80--121). It is shown that the asymptotics
of ${\mathbb{P}}\{\sup_{x\in\mathbb {S}^N}X(x)\ge u\}$ is similar to Pickands'
approximation on the Euclidean space which involves Pickands' constant. For
case (ii), we apply the expected Euler characteristic method to obtain a more
precise approximation such that the error is super-exponentially small.


  A brief overview of various approaches to the optical-model description of
nuclei is presented. A survey of some of the formal aspects is given which
links the Feshbach formulation for either the hole or particle Green's function
to the time-ordered quantity of many-body theory. The link between the
reducible self-energy and the elastic nucleon-nucleus scattering amplitude is
also presented using the development of Villars. A brief summary of the
essential elements of the multiple-scattering approach is also included.
Several ingredients contained in the time-ordered Green's function are
summarized for the formal framework of the dispersive optical model (DOM).
Empirical approaches to the optical potential are reviewed with emphasis on the
latest global parametrizations for nucleons and composites. Various
calculations that start from an underlying realistic nucleon-nucleon
interaction are discussed with emphasis on more recent work. The efficacy of
the DOM is illustrated in relating nuclear structure and nuclear reaction
information. Its use as an intermediate between experimental data and
theoretical calculations is advocated. Applications of the use of optical
models are pointed out in the context of the description of nuclear reactions
other than elastic nucleon-nucleus scattering.


  We propose a hybrid joint source-channel coding (JSCC) scheme, in which the
conventional digital communication scheme is complemented with a generative
refinement component to improve the perceptual quality of the reconstruction.
The input image is decomposed into two components: the first is a coarse
compressed version, and is transmitted following the conventional separation
based approach. An additional component is obtained through the diffusion
process by adding independent Gaussian noise to the input image, and is
transmitted using DeepJSCC. The decoder combines the two signals to produce a
high quality reconstruction of the source. Experimental results show that the
hybrid design provides bandwidth savings and enables graceful performance
improvement as the channel quality improves.


  Humor is an important social phenomenon, serving complex social and
psychological functions. However, despite being studied for millennia humor is
computationally not well understood, often considered an AI-complete problem.
In this work, we introduce a novel setting in humor mining: automatically
detecting funny and unusual scientific papers. We are inspired by the Ig Nobel
prize, a satirical prize awarded annually to celebrate funny scientific
achievements (example past winner: "Are cows more likely to lie down the longer
they stand?"). This challenging task has unique characteristics that make it
particularly suitable for automatic learning. We construct a dataset containing
thousands of funny papers and use it to learn classifiers, combining findings
from psychology and linguistics with recent advances in NLP. We use our models
to identify potentially funny papers in a large dataset of over 630,000
articles. The results demonstrate the potential of our methods, and more
broadly the utility of integrating state-of-the-art NLP methods with insights
from more traditional disciplines.


  We consider a stochastic linear bandit model in which the available actions
correspond to arbitrary context vectors whose associated rewards follow a
non-stationary linear regression model. In this setting, the unknown regression
parameter is allowed to vary in time. To address this problem, we propose
D-LinUCB, a novel optimistic algorithm based on discounted linear regression,
where exponential weights are used to smoothly forget the past. This involves
studying the deviations of the sequential weighted least-squares estimator
under generic assumptions. As a by-product, we obtain novel deviation results
that can be used beyond non-stationary environments. We provide theoretical
guarantees on the behavior of D-LinUCB in both slowly-varying and
abruptly-changing environments. We obtain an upper bound on the dynamic regret
that is of order d^{2/3} B\_T^{1/3}T^{2/3}, where B\_T is a measure of
non-stationarity (d and T being, respectively, dimension and horizon). This
rate is known to be optimal. We also illustrate the empirical performance of
D-LinUCB and compare it with recently proposed alternatives in simulated
environments.


  We find a new family of solutions for force-free magnetic structures in
cylindrical geometry. These solutions have radial power-law dependance and are
periodic but non-harmonic in azimuthal direction; they generalize the vacuum
$z$-independent potential fields to current-carrying configurations.


  Resorting to a recently developed theoretical device called dimensional
regularization for quantum criticality with a Fermi surface, we examine a
metal-insulator quantum phase transition from a Landau's Fermi-liquid state to
a U(1) spin-liquid phase with a spinon Fermi surface in two dimensions.
Unfortunately, we fail to approach the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point
from the U(1) spin-liquid state within the dimensional regularization
technique. Self-interactions between charge fluctuations called holons are not
screened, which shows a run-away renormalization group flow, interpreted as
holons remain gapped. This leads us to consider another fixed point, where the
spinon Fermi surface can be destabilized across the Mott transition. Based on
this conjecture, we reveal the nature of the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical
point: Dimensional reduction to one dimension occurs for spin dynamics
described by spinons. As a result, Landau damping for both spin and charge
dynamics disappear in the vicinity of the Mott quantum critical point. When the
flavor number of holons is over its critical value, an interacting fixed point
appears to be identified with an inverted XY universality class, controlled
within the dimensional regularization technique. On the other hand, a
fluctuation-driven first order metal-insulator transition results when it is
below the critical number. We propose that the destabilization of a spinon
Fermi surface and the emergence of one-dimensional spin dynamics near the
spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point can be checked out by spin
susceptibility with a $2 k_{F}$ transfer momentum, where $k_{F}$ is a Fermi
momentum in the U(1) spin-liquid state: The absence of Landau damping in U(1)
gauge fluctuations gives rise to a divergent behavior at zero temperature while
it vanishes in the presence of a spinon Fermi surface.


  In this paper we study the existence problem for the $p(x)-$Laplacian
operator with a nonlinear critical source. We find a local condition on the
exponents ensuring the existence of a nontrivial solution that shows that the
Pohozaev obstruction does not holds in general in the variable exponent
setting. The proof relies on the Concentration--Compactness Principle for
variable exponents and the Mountain Pass Theorem.


  We construct superconformal invariants in superspace which are used to build
3-point correlators of spinning operators in general $\cal{N}=2$ superconformal
field theories in three dimensions. Our systematic analysis includes various
relations between these invariants and provides a minimal set of parity-even
and parity-odd invariants which is further used to construct general 3-point
functions in any 3d $\cal{N}=2$ SCFT. For conserved (super)currents, we
explicitly compute various 3-point functions using Wick contractions in the
free field case, and express them in terms of the constructed parity-even
invariants. We give evidence through examples for the claim that the 3-point
function of conserved currents generally comprises of two parts - a parity-even
piece coming from the free theory, and a parity-odd piece.


  This short paper envisages that the advancements made with respect to Big
Data (BD), High Performance Computing, etc. would give rise to a new paradigm
of concrete information models, which would closely replicate the real world
and the consequences such as self-verifying information models, BD warehouses
as intermediaries between data sources and information systems, etc.


  We propose a {\em unitarity method} for determining $\tau$ neutrino
appearance probability $P(\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\tau})$ in long-baseline
(LBL) accelerator experiments and atmospheric neutrino observations. When
simultaneous in situ measurements of $P(\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\mu})$ and
$P(\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{e})$ proceed, as is typical in the LBL
experiments, one can use unitarity to "measure" $P(\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow
\nu_{\tau})$. A theorists' toy analysis for the model-independent determination
of $P(\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\mu})$ and $P(\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{e})$
is presented by using the NOvA data. It is shown in our analysis that
$\lsim$5\% (8\%) measurement of $\tau$ neutrino appearance probability in
neutrino (antineutrino) mode is possible in the peak region $1.5 \lesssim E_\nu
\lesssim 2.5$ GeV. The $\nu$SM-independent nature of determination of the
probabilities is emphasized.


  We reconsider the general question of how to characterize most efficiently
the low-energy effective theory obtained by integrating out heavy modes in
globally and locally supersymmetric theories. We consider theories with chiral
and vector multiplets and identify the conditions under which an approximately
supersymmetric low-energy effective theory can exist. These conditions
translate into the requirements that all the derivatives, fermions and
auxiliary fields should be small in units of the heavy mass scale. They apply
not only to the matter sector, but also to the gravitational one if present,
and imply in that case that the gravitino mass should be small. We then show
how to determine the unique exactly supersymmetric theory that approximates
this effective theory at the lowest order in the counting of derivatives,
fermions and auxiliary fields, by working both at the superfield level and with
component fields. As a result we give a simple prescription for integrating out
heavy superfields in an algebraic and manifestly supersymmetric way, which
turns out to hold in the same form both for globally and locally supersymmetric
theories, meaning that the process of integrating out heavy modes commutes with
the process of switching on gravity. More precisely, for heavy chiral and
vector multiplets one has to impose respectively stationarity of the
superpotential and the Kahler potential.


  We consider the problem of quantum and stochastic confinement for
drift-diffusion equations on domains $ \Omega \subset \mathbb R^d$. We obtain
various sufficient conditions on the behavior of the coefficients near the
boundary of $\Omega$ which ensure the essential self-adjointness or stochastic
completeness of the symmetric form of the drift-diffusion operator,
$-\frac{1}{\rho_\infty}\,\nabla\cdot \rho_\infty\mathbb D\nabla$. The proofs
are based on the method developed in [29] for quantum confinement on bounded
domains in $\mathbb R^d$. In particular for stochastic confinement we combine
the Liouville property with Agmon type exponential estimates for weak
solutions.


  Two dimensional gravity with torsion is proved to be equivalent to special
types of generalized 2d dilaton gravity. E.g. in one version, the dilaton field
is shown to be expressible by the extra scalar curvature, constructed for an
independent Lorentz connection corresponding to a nontrivial torsion.
Elimination of that dilaton field yields an equivalent torsionless theory,
nonpolynomial in curvature. These theories, although locally equivalent exhibit
quite different global properties of the general solution. We discuss the
example of a (torsionless) dilaton theory equivalent to the $R^2 + T^2$--model.
Each global solution of this model is shown to split into a set of global
solutions of generalized dilaton gravity. In contrast to the theory with
torsion the equivalent dilaton one exhibits solutions which are asymptotically
flat in special ranges of the parameters. In the simplest case of ordinary
dilaton gravity we clarify the well known problem of removing the Schwarzschild
singularity by a field redefinition.


  We report the results of a high-statistics, sensitive search for narrow
baryon resonances decaying to $\Xi^-\pi^-$, $\Xi^-\pi^+$, $\bar{\Xi}^+\pi^-$,
and $\bar{\Xi}^+\pi^+$. The only resonances observed are the well known
$\Xi^0(1530)$ and $\bar{\Xi^0}(1530)$. No evidence is found for a state near
1862 MeV, previously reported by NA49\cite{NA49}. At the 95% confidence level,
we find the upper limit for the production of a Gaussian enhancement with
$\sigma=7.6$ MeV in the $\Xi^-\pi^-$ effective mass spectrum to be 0.3% of the
number of observed $\Xi^0(1530)\to\Xi^-\pi^+$. We find similarly restrictive
upper limits for an enhancement at 1862 MeV in the $\Xi^-\pi^+$,
$\bar{\Xi}^+\pi^-$, and $\bar{\Xi}^+\pi^+$ mass spectra.


  The mysterious solar system object 133P/(7968) Elst-Pizarro is dynamically
asteroidal, yet displays recurrent comet-like dust emission. Two scenarios were
hypothesized to explain this unusual behavior: (1) 133P is a classical comet
from the outer solar system that has evolved onto a main-belt orbit, or (2)
133P is a dynamically ordinary main-belt asteroid on which subsurface ice has
recently been exposed. If (1) is correct, the expected rarity of a dynamical
transition onto an asteroidal orbit implies that 133P could be alone in the
main belt. In contrast, if (2) is correct, other icy main-belt objects should
exist and could also exhibit cometary activity. Believing 133P to be a
dynamically ordinary, yet icy main-belt asteroid, I set out to test the primary
prediction of the hypothesis: that 133P-like objects should be common and could
be found by an appropriately designed observational survey. I conducted just
such a survey -- the Hawaii Trails Project -- of selected main-belt asteroids
in a search for objects displaying cometary activity. I made 657 observations
of 599 asteroids, discovering one active object now known as 176P/LINEAR,
leading to the identification of the new cometary class of main-belt comets.
These results suggest that there could be ~100 currently active main-belt
comets among low-inclination, kilometer-scale outer belt asteroids. Physically
and statistically, main-belt comet activity is consistent with initiation by
meter-sized impactors. The estimated rate of impacts and sizes of resulting
active sites, however, imply that 133P-sized bodies should become significantly
devolatilized over Gyr timescales, suggesting that 133P, and possibly the other
MBCs as well, could be secondary, or even multigenerational, fragments from
recent breakup events.


  Modulational instabilities play a key role in a wide range of nonlinear
optical phenomena, leading e.g. to the formation of spatial and temporal
solitons, rogue waves and chaotic dynamics. Here we experimentally demonstrate
the existence of a modulational instability in condensates of cavity
polaritons, arising from the strong coupling of cavity photons with quantum
well excitons. For this purpose we investigate the spatiotemporal coherence
properties of polariton condensates in GaAs-based microcavities under
continuous-wave pumping. The chaotic behavior of the instability results in a
strongly reduced spatial and temporal coherence and a significantly
inhomogeneous density. Additionally we show how the instability can be tamed by
introducing a periodic potential so that condensation occurs into negative mass
states, leading to largely improved coherence and homogeneity. These results
pave the way to the exploration of long-range order in dissipative quantum
fluids of light within a controlled platform.


  A unique feature of ultracold atoms is the separation of length scales,
$r_0\ll k_F^{-1}$, where $k_F$ and $r_0$ are the Fermi momentum characterizing
the average particle distance and the range of interaction between atoms
respectively. For $s$-wave scattering, Shina Tan discovered that such
diluteness leads to universal relations, all of which are governed by contact,
among a wide range of thermodynamic quantities. Here, we show that the concept
of contact can be generalized to an arbitrary partial-wave scattering. Contact
of all partial-wave scatterings form a contact spectrum, which establishes
universal thermodynamic relations with notable differences from those in the
presence of $s$-wave scattering alone. Moreover, such a contact spectrum has an
interesting connection with a special bipartite entanglement spectrum of atomic
quantum Hall states, and enables an intrinsic probe of these highly correlated
states using two-body short-ranged correlations.


  A novel finite element method (FEM) is developed to study mechanical response
of axons embedded in extra cellular matrix (ECM) when subjected to harmonic
uniaxial stretch under purely non-affine kinematic boundary conditions. The
proposed modeling approach combines hyper-elastic (such as Ogden model) and
time/frequency domain viscoelastic constitutive models to evaluate the effect
of parametrically varying oligodendrocyte-axon tethering under harmonic stretch
at 50Hz. A hybrid hyper-viscoelastic material (HVE) model enabled the analysis
of repeated uniaxial load on stress propagation and damage accumulation in
white matter.
  In the proposed FEM, oligodendrocyte connections to axons are depicted via a
spring-dashpot model. This tethering technique facilitates contact definition
at various locations, parameterizes connection points and varies stiffness of
connection hubs. Results from a home-grown FE submodel configuration of a
single oligodendrocyte tethered to axons at various locations are presented.
Root mean square deviation (RMSD) are computed between stress-strain plots to
depict trends in mechanical response. Steady-state dynamic (SSD) simulations
show stress relaxation in axons. Gradual axonal softening under repetitive
loads is illustrated employing Prony series - HVE models. Representative
von-Mises stress plots indicate that undulated axons experience bending
stresses along their tortuous path, suggesting greater susceptibility to damage
accumulation and fatigue failure due to repeated strains.


  Developments in sensor technologies, especially emerging connected and
autonomous vehicles, facilitate better queue length (QL) measurements on
signalized intersection approaches in real time. Currently there are very
limited methods that utilize QL information in real-time to enhance the
performance of signalized intersections. In this paper we present methods for
QL estimation and a control algorithm that adjusts maximum green times in
actuated signals at each cycle based on QLs. The proposed method is implemented
at a single intersection with random and platoon arrivals, and evaluated in
VISSIM (a microscopic traffic simulation environment) assuming 100 % accurate
cycle-by-cycle queue length information is available. To test the robustness of
the method, numerical experiments are performed where traffic demand is
increased and by 20\% relative to the demand levels for which signal timing
parameters are optimized. Compared to the typical fully-actuated signal
control, the proposed QL-based method improves average delay, number of stops,
and QL for random arrivals, by 6 %, 9 %, and 10 % respectively. In addition,
the method improves average delay, number of stops, and QL by 3 %, 3 %, and 11
% respectively for platoon vehicle arrivals.


  Photons typically do not contribute to thermal transport within a solid due
to their low energy density and tendency to be quickly absorbed. We propose a
practical material system - infrared plasmonic resonators embedded in a
semiconductor nanowire - that leverages near-field electromagnetic coupling to
achieve photonic thermal transport comparable to the electronic and phononic
contributions. We analytically show photonic thermal conductivities up to about
1 W m-1 K-1 for 10 nm diameter Si and InAs nanowires containing repeated
resonators at 500 K. The nanowire system outperforms plasmonic particles in
isotropic environments and presents a pathway for photonic thermal transport to
exceed that of phonons and electrons.


  Relativistic molecular dynamics are described in ultra-high temperature and
MeV energy behaviors. In strongly-coupled systems, the Coulomb electrostatic
field is collected in the infinite space, and the electromagnetic fields are
added in the coordinate space. Separation of the electromagnetic and
electrostatic electric fields is a good approximation for short time periods.
For a numerical application, a nanotube accelerator under an $E \times B$ pulse
is studied. Positive ions are accelerated in the parallel direction, whereas
the electrons proceed in the perpendicular direction. Rapid expansion to
infinite space and short-range electromagnetic radiation cooperate for large
intensities. At $10^{22}\rm{W/cm}^{2}$, pulsation oscillations for gold and
carbon ions flare up and electrons acquire the relativistic velocities. They
are observed in relativistic molecular dynamics simulation.


  Let $X$ be a topological space and $\mu$ be a nonatomic finite measure on a
$\sigma$-algebra $\Sigma$ containing the Borel $\sigma$-algebra of $X$. We say
$\mu$ is weakly outer regular, if for every $A \in \Sigma$ and $\epsilon>0$,
there exists an open set $O$ such that $\mu(A \backslash O)=0$ and $\mu(O
\backslash A)<\epsilon$. The main result of this paper is to show that if $f,g
\in L^1(X,\Sigma, \mu)$ with $\int_X f d\mu=\int_X g d\mu=1$, then there exists
an increasing family of open sets $u(t)$, $t\in [0,1]$, such that
$u(0)=\emptyset$, $u(1)=X$, and $\int_{u(t)} f d\mu=\int_{u(t)} g d\mu=t$ for
all $t\in [0,1]$. We also study a similar problem for a finite collection of
integrable functions on general finite and $\sigma$-finite nonatomic measure
spaces.


  We present improved models of trinification in five dimensions. Unified
symmetry is broken by a combination of orbifold projections and a boundary
Higgs sector. The latter can be decoupled from the theory, realizing a
Higgsless limit in which the scale of exotic massive gauge fields is set by the
compactification radius. Electroweak Higgs doublets are identified with the
fifth components of gauge fields and Yukawa interactions arise via Wilson
loops. The result is a simple low-energy effective theory that is consistent
with the constraints from proton decay and gauge unification.


  We study the spacetime noncommutative effect on black hole as particle
accelerators and, find that particle falling from infinity with zero velocity
cannot collide with unbound energy when the noncommutative Kerr black hole is
exactly extremal. Our results also show that the bigger of the spinning black
hole's mass is, the higher of center of mass energy that the particles obtain.
For small and medium noncommutative Schwarzschild black hole, the collision
energy depends on the black holes' mass.


  We analyze the problem of evolution in a system with stochastic perturbation
and point out that analytic properties of the noise present in the system might
determine spectral properties of the evolution operator (Frobenius-Perron
operator). We also propose a method for approximation of the spectrum and
eigenvectors of the FP-operator by applying a suitable noise. Moreover we
demonstrate that the eigenvalues of the FP-operator located outside the
essential spectrum are robust not only against local perturbation but also
against the non local perturbation and that these stable eigenvalues have a
direct physical meaning: they determine the rate of the exponential decay of
correlation in the system.


  During the second half of October 2019, Chile, and especially its capital
city, Santiago, suffered from widespread violence with public and private
infrastructure destruction. This work aims to expand an epidemiological
non-local model that successfully described the French riots of 2005 to
incorporate the topology of Santiago's subway network and explain the reported
distribution of rioting activity in the city. Although the model reproduced the
disorders' aggregated temporal evolution, it could not deliver results
resembling the observed spatial distribution of activity on Santiago. The main
reason for this failure can be attributed to the fact that the model lacks a
population displacement mechanism, which seems vital to explain Santiago's
unrest episodes.


  I have the rare experience of being on both sides of the
mentor--undergraduate student relationship in the same program (Caltech's
Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, or SURF, program). In this essay, I
will discuss how this background, coupled with my interdisciplinary education,
has fundamentally shaped my mentoring style.


  We prove that a deterministic n-person shortest path game has a Nash
equlibrium in pure and stationary strategies if it is edge-symmetric (that is
(u,v) is a move whenever (v,u) is, apart from moves entering terminal vertices)
and the length of every move is positive for each player. Both conditions are
essential, though it remains an open problem whether there exists a NE-free
2-person non-edge-symmetric game with positive lengths. We provide examples for
NE-free 2-person edge-symmetric games that are not positive. We also consider
the special case of terminal games (shortest path games in which only terminal
moves have nonzero length, possibly negative) and prove that edge-symmetric
n-person terminal games always have Nash equilibria in pure and stationary
strategies. Furthermore, we prove that an edge-symmetric 2-person terminal game
has a uniform (subgame perfect) Nash equilibrium, provided any infinite play is
worse than any of the terminals for both players.


  We propose a new method to numerically compute the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ indices for
disordered topological insulators in Kitaev's periodic table. All of the
$\mathbb{Z}_2$ indices are known to be derived from the index formulae which
are expressed in terms of a pair of projections introduced by Avron, Seiler,
and Simon. For a given pair of projections, the corresponding index is
determined by the spectrum of the difference between the two projections. This
difference exhibits remarkable and useful properties, as it is compact and has
a supersymmetric structure in the spectrum. These properties make it possible
to numerically determine the indices of disordered topological insulators
highly efficiently. The method is demonstrated for the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang
and Wilson-Dirac models whose topological phases are characterized by a
$\mathbb{Z}_2$ index in two and three dimensions, respectively.


  The $b$-family-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation ($b$-KP) is a two dimensional
generalization of the $b$-family equation. In this paper, we study the spectral
stability of the one-dimensional small-amplitude periodic traveling waves with
respect to two-dimensional perturbations which are either co-periodic in the
direction of propagation, or nonperiodic (localized or bounded). We perform a
detailed spectral analysis of the linearized problem associated to the above
mentioned perturbations, and derive various stability and instability criteria
which depends in a delicate way on the parameter value of $b$, the transverse
dispersion parameter $\sigma$, and the wave number $k$ of the longitudinal
waves.


  A recently developed version of the configuration interaction (CI) method for
open shells with a large number of valence electrons has been used to study two
heavy atoms, californium (Cf, Z= 98) and einsteinium (Es, Z= 99). Motivated by
experimental work to measure the hyperfine structure (HFS) for these atoms, we
perform the calculations of the magnetic dipole HFS constants $A$ and electric
quadrupole HFS constant $B$ for the sake of interpretation of the measurements
in terms of nuclear magnetic moment $\mu$ and electric quadrupole moment $Q$.
For verification of our computations, we have also carried out similar
calculations for the lighter homologs dysprosium (Dy, Z= 66) and holmium (Ho,
Z= 67), whose electronic structures are similar to Cf and Es, respectively. We
have conducted a revision of the nuclear moments of some isotopes of Es leading
to an improved value of the magnetic moment of $^{253}$Es [$\mu$($^{253}$Es) =
4.20(13)$\mu_N$].


  Recently, Son and Stephanov have considered an "open moose" as a possible
dual model of a QCD-like theory of chiral symmetry breaking. In this note we
demonstrate that although the Weinberg sum rules are satisfied in any such
model, the relevant sums converge very slowly and in a manner unlike QCD.
Further, we show that such a model satisfies a set of generalized sum rules.
These sum rules can be understood by looking at the operator product expansion
for the correlation function of chiral currents, and correspond to the absence
of low-dimension gauge-invariant chiral symmetry breaking condensates. These
results imply that, regardless of the couplings and F-constants chosen, the
open moose is not the dual of any QCD-like theory of chiral symmetry breaking.
We also show that the generalized sum rules can be "solved", leading to a
compact expression for the difference of vector- and axial-current correlation
functions. This expression allows for a simple formula for the S parameter
(L_10), which implies that S is always positive and of order one in any
(unitary) open linear moose model. Therefore the S parameter is positive and
order one in any "Higgsless model" based on the continuum limit of a linear
moose regardless of the warping or position-dependent gauge-coupling chosen.


  We study, in this paper, a one parameter deformation of the $q-$Laguerre
weight function. An investigation is made on the polynomials orthogonal with
respect to such a weight. With the aid of the two compatibility conditions
previously obtained in \cite{Chen-Ism} and the $q-$analog of a sum rule
obtained in this paper, we derive expressions for the recurrence coefficients
in terms of certain auxiliary quantities, and show that these quantities
satisfy a pair of first order non linear difference equations. These difference
equations are similar in form to the recognized asymmetric discrete Painleve
systems such as $\alpha q-$P-IV and $\alpha q-$P-V.


  Searching the complete space of possible Bayesian networks is intractable for
problems of interesting size, so Bayesian network structure learning
algorithms, such as the commonly used Sparse Candidate algorithm, employ
heuristics. However, these heuristics also restrict the types of relationships
that can be learned exclusively from data. They are unable to learn
relationships that exhibit "correlation-immunity", such as parity. To learn
Bayesian networks in the presence of correlation-immune relationships, we
extend the Sparse Candidate algorithm with a technique called "skewing". This
technique uses the observation that relationships that are correlation-immune
under a specific input distribution may not be correlation-immune under
another, sufficiently different distribution. We show that by extending Sparse
Candidate with this technique we are able to discover relationships between
random variables that are approximately correlation-immune, with a
significantly lower computational cost than the alternative of considering
multiple parents of a node at a time.


  Open-source 3D data processing libraries originally developed for computer
vision and pattern recognition are used to align and compare molecular shapes
and sub-shapes. Here, a shape is represented by a set of points distributed on
the van der Waals surface of molecules. Each point is colored by its closest
atom, which itself belongs to a user defined class. The strength of this
representation is that it allows for comparisons of point clouds of different
kind of chemical entities: small molecules, peptides, proteins or cavities (the
negative image of the


  Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a neural network architecture that adds sparsely
activated expert blocks to a base model, increasing the number of parameters
without impacting computational costs. However, current distributed deep
learning frameworks are limited in their ability to train high-quality MoE
models with large base models. In this work, we present DeepSpeed-TED, a novel,
three-dimensional, hybrid parallel algorithm that combines data, tensor, and
expert parallelism to enable the training of MoE models with 4 to 8x larger
base models than the current state-of-the-art. We also describe memory
optimizations in the optimizer step, and communication optimizations that
eliminate unnecessary data movement. We implement our approach in DeepSpeed and
achieve speedups of 26% over a baseline (i.e. without our communication
optimizations) when training a 40 billion parameter MoE model (6.7 billion base
model with 16 experts) on 128 V100 GPUs.


  We present semi-streaming algorithms for basic graph problems that have
optimal per-edge processing times and therefore surpass all previous
semi-streaming algorithms for these tasks. The semi-streaming model, which is
appropriate when dealing with massive graphs, forbids random access to the
input and restricts the memory to O(n*polylog n) bits.
  Particularly, the formerly best per-edge processing times for finding the
connected components and a bipartition are O(alpha(n)), for determining
k-vertex and k-edge connectivity O(k^2n) and O(n*log n) respectively for any
constant k and for computing a minimum spanning forest O(log n). All these time
bounds we reduce to O(1).
  Every presented algorithm determines a solution asymptotically as fast as the
best corresponding algorithm up to date in the classical RAM model, which
therefore cannot convert the advantage of unlimited memory and random access
into superior computing times for these problems.


  In the generalized Pauli-Villars regularization of chiral gauge theory
proposed by Frolov and Slavnov , it is important to specify how to sum the
contributions from an infinite number of regulator fields. It is shown that an
explicit sum of contributions from an infinite number of fields in anomaly-free
gauge theory essentially results in a specific choice of regulator in the past
formulation of covariant anomalies. We show this correspondence by
reformulating the generalized Pauli- Villars regularization as a regularization
of composite current operators. We thus naturally understand why the covariant
fermion number anomaly in the Weinberg-Salam theory is reproduced in the
generalized Pauli-Villars regularization. A salient feature of the covariant
regularization,which is not implemented in the lagrangian level in general but
works for any chiral theory and gives rise to covariant anomalies , is that it
spoils the Bose symmetry in anomalous theory. The covariant regularization
however preserves the Bose symmetry as well as gauge invariance in anomaly-free
gauge theory.


  We investigate the set of uniform limits of polynomials on any closed Jordan
domain with respect to the chordal metric $\chi$ on $\mathbb{C}\cup\{\infty
\}$. We conclude that Mergelyan's Theorem may be extended to the case of
uniform approximation with respect to $\chi$ on closed Jordan domains. Similar
results are obtained if we replace the one point compactification
$\mathbb{C}\cup\{\infty\}$ of $\mathbb{C}$ by another compactification of
$\mathbb{C}$ homeomorphic to the closed unit disc.


  We introduce and apply a novel efficient method for the precise simulation of
stochastic dynamical processes on locally tree-like graphs. Networks with
cycles are treated in the framework of the cavity method. Such models
correspond, for example, to spin-glass systems, Boolean networks, neural
networks, or other technological, biological, and social networks. Building
upon ideas from quantum many-body theory, the new approach is based on a matrix
product approximation of the so-called edge messages -- conditional
probabilities of vertex variable trajectories. Computation costs and accuracy
can be tuned by controlling the matrix dimensions of the matrix product edge
messages (MPEM) in truncations. In contrast to Monte Carlo simulations, the
algorithm has a better error scaling and works for both, single instances as
well as the thermodynamic limit. We employ it to examine prototypical
non-equilibrium Glauber dynamics in the kinetic Ising model. Because of the
absence of cancellation effects, observables with small expectation values can
be evaluated accurately, allowing for the study of decay processes and temporal
correlations.


  We investigate unipotent dynamics on a torus and apply it to the following
problem. Let $d$ be a positive integer. Consider the sequence of digits
$(\textsc{\textbf{w}}_n)$, where $\textsc{\textbf{w}}_n$ is the most digit in
the decimal representation of $2^{n^d}$. We prove that the complexity function
of the sequence $(\textsc{\textbf{w}}_n)$ is, up to finitely many values, a
polynomial.


  Future observations of 21~cm emission using HI intensity mapping will enable
us to probe the large scale structure of the Universe over very large survey
volumes within a reasonable observation time. We demonstrate that the
three-dimensional information contained in such surveys will be an extremely
powerful tool in searching for features that were imprinted in the primordial
power spectrum and bispectrum during inflation. Here we focus on the "resonant"
and "step" inflation models, and forecast the potential of upcoming 21~cm
experiments to detect these inflationary features in the observable power- and
bispectrum. We find that the full scale Tianlai experiment and the Square
Kilometre Array (SKA) have the potential to improve on the sensitivity of
current Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments by several orders of
magnitude.


  An $R$-module $M$ is Hopfian (co-Hopfian) if any epic (monic) endomorphism of
$M$ is an automorphism. If $R$ is commutative Noetherian, we characterize the
co-Hopfian injective $R$-modules, and the Hopfian injectives in the case that
$R$ is also reduced. For a commutative Artinian principal ideal ring, we show
that $M$ is Hopfian (co-Hopfian) if and only if $M$ is finitely generated if
and only if its injective envelope $E(M)$ is Hopfian (co-Hopfian) if and only
if $E(M)$ is finitely generated. We identify the obstacle to generalizing this
result to arbitrary Artinian principal ideal rings.


  We carry a systematic study of possible models based on the local gauge group
SU(3)_c X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X. Old and new models emerge from the analysis.


  We consider two parametrized random digraph families, namely,
proportional-edge and central similarity proximity catch digraphs (PCDs) and
compare the performance of these two PCD families in testing spatial point
patterns. These PCD families are based on relative positions of data points
from two classes and the relative density of the PCDs is used as a statistic
for testing segregation and association against complete spatial randomness.
When scaled properly, the relative density of a PCD is a U-statistic. We extend
the distribution of the relative density of central similarity PCDs for
expansion parameter being larger than one. We compare the asymptotic
distribution of the statistic for the two PCD families, using the standard
central limit theory of U-statistics. We compare finite sample performance of
the tests by Monte Carlo simulations and prove the consistency of the tests
under the alternatives. The asymptotic performance of the tests under the
alternatives is assessed by Pitman's asymptotic efficiency. We find the optimal
expansion parameters of the PCDs for testing each of the segregation and
association alternatives in finite samples and in the limit. We demonstrate
that in terms of empirical power (i.e., for finite samples) relative density of
central similarity PCD has better performance (which occurs for expansion
parameter values larger than one) under segregation alternative, while relative
density of proportional-edge PCD has better performance under association
alternative. The methods are illustrated in a real-life example from plant
ecology.


  Multi-label classification (MLC) is the task of assigning a set of target
labels for a given sample. Modeling the combinatorial label interactions in MLC
has been a long-haul challenge. We propose Label Message Passing (LaMP) Neural
Networks to efficiently model the joint prediction of multiple labels. LaMP
treats labels as nodes on a label-interaction graph and computes the hidden
representation of each label node conditioned on the input using
attention-based neural message passing. Attention enables LaMP to assign
different importance to neighbor nodes per label, learning how labels interact
(implicitly). The proposed models are simple, accurate, interpretable,
structure-agnostic, and applicable for predicting dense labels since LaMP is
incredibly parallelizable. We validate the benefits of LaMP on seven real-world
MLC datasets, covering a broad spectrum of input/output types and outperforming
the state-of-the-art results. Notably, LaMP enables intuitive interpretation of
how classifying each label depends on the elements of a sample and at the same
time rely on its interaction with other labels. We provide our code and
datasets at https://github.com/QData/LaMP


  We consider a set of probability measures on a finite event space $\Omega$.
The mutual affinity is introduced in terms of the spectrum of the associated
Gram matrix. We show that, for randomly chosen measures, the empirical
eigenvalue distribution of the Gram matrix converges to a fixed distribution in
the limit where the number of measures, together with the cardinality of
$\Omega$, goes to infinity.


  Stereo matching is an important problem in computer vision which has drawn
tremendous research attention for decades. Recent years, data-driven methods
with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are continuously pushing stereo
matching to new heights. However, data-driven methods require large amount of
training data, which is not an easy task for real stereo data due to the
annotation difficulties of per-pixel ground-truth disparity. Though synthetic
dataset is proposed to fill the gaps of large data demand, the fine-tuning on
real dataset is still needed due to the domain variances between synthetic data
and real data. In this paper, we found that in synthetic datasets,
close-to-real-scene texture rendering is a key factor to boost up stereo
matching performance, while close-to-real-scene 3D modeling is less important.
We then propose semi-synthetic, an effective and fast way to synthesize large
amount of data with close-to-real-scene texture to minimize the gap between
synthetic data and real data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that models
trained with our proposed semi-synthetic datasets achieve significantly better
performance than with general synthetic datasets, especially on real data
benchmarks with limited training data. With further fine-tuning on the real
dataset, we also achieve SOTA performance on Middlebury and competitive results
on KITTI and ETH3D datasets.


  We investigate the logarithmic negativity in strongly-disordered spin chains
in the random-singlet phase. We focus on the spin-1/2 random Heisenberg chain
and the random XX chain. We find that for two arbitrary intervals the
disorder-averaged negativity and the mutual information are proportional to the
number of singlets shared between the two intervals. Using the strong-disorder
renormalization group (SDRG), we prove that the negativity of two adjacent
intervals grows logarithmically with the intervals length. In particular, the
scaling behavior is the same as in conformal field theory, but with a different
prefactor. For two disjoint intervals the negativity is given by a universal
simple function of the cross ratio, reflecting scale invariance. As a function
of the distance of the two intervals, the negativity decays algebraically in
contrast with the exponential behavior in clean models. We confirm our
predictions using a numerical implementation of the SDRG method. Finally, we
also implement DMRG simulations for the negativity in open spin chains. The
chains accessible in the presence of strong disorder are not sufficiently long
to provide a reliable confirmation of the SDRG results.


  We prove that the spectrum constructed by Gonz\'alez-Meneses, Manch\'on and
the second author is stably homotopy equivalent to the Khovanov spectrum of
Lipshitz and Sarkar at its extreme quantum grading.


  The [O IV] 25.89 micron line has been shown to be an accurate indicator of
active galactic nucleus (AGN) intrinsic luminosity in that it correlates well
with hard (10-200 keV) X-ray emission. We present measurements of [O IV] for 89
Seyfert galaxies from the unbiased Revised Shapley-Ames (RSA) sample. The [O
IV] luminosity distributions of obscured and unobscured Seyferts are
indistinguishable, indicating that their intrinsic AGN luminosities are quite
similar and that the RSA sample is well suited for tests of the unified model.
In addition, we analyze several commonly used proxies for AGN luminosity,
including [O III] 5007 A, 6 cm radio, and 2-10 keV X-ray emission. We find that
the radio luminosity distributions of obscured and unobscured AGNs show no
significant difference, indicating that radio luminosity is a useful isotropic
luminosity indicator. However, the observed [O III] and 2-10 keV luminosities
are systematically smaller for obscured Seyferts, indicating that they are not
emitted isotropically.


  We consider the stationaly memoryless channels with input cost. We prove that
for transmission rates above the capacity the correct probability of decoding
tends to zero exponentially as the block length $n$ of codes tends to infinity.
In the case where both of channel input and output sets are finite, we
determine the optimal exponent function on the above exponential decay of the
correct probability. To derive this result we use a new technique called the
recuresive method, which is based on the information spectrum approach. The
recursive method utilize a certain recursive structure on the information
spectrum quantities.


  This works deals with one dimensional infinite perturbation - namely line
defects - in periodic media. In optics, such defects are created to construct
an (open) waveguide that concentrates light. The existence and the computation
of the eigenmodes is a crucial issue. This is related to a self-adjoint
eigenvalue problem associated to a PDE in an unbounded domain (in the
directions orthogonal to the line defect), which makes both the analysis and
the computations more complex. Using a Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) approach, we
show that this problem is equivalent to one set on a small neighborhood of the
defect. On contrary to existing methods, this one is exact but there is a price
to be paid : the reduction of the problem leads to a nonlinear eigenvalue
problem of a fixed point nature.


  It is shown that an internal control based on a moving indicator function is
able to stabilize the state of parabolic equations evolving in rectangular
domains. For proving the stabilizability result, we start with a control
obtained from an oblique projection feedback based on a finite number of static
actuators, then we used the continuity of the state when the control varies in
relaxation metric to construct a switching control where at each given instant
of time only one of the static actuators is active, finally we construct the
moving control by traveling between the static actuators. Numerical
computations are performed by a concatenation procedure following a receding
horizon control approach. They confirm the stabilizing performance of the
moving control.


  In the FAME! project, we aim to develop an automatic speech recognition (ASR)
system for Frisian-Dutch code-switching (CS) speech extracted from the archives
of a local broadcaster with the ultimate goal of building a spoken document
retrieval system. Unlike Dutch, Frisian is a low-resourced language with a very
limited amount of manually annotated speech data. In this paper, we describe
several automatic annotation approaches to enable using of a large amount of
raw bilingual broadcast data for acoustic model training in a semi-supervised
setting. Previously, it has been shown that the best-performing ASR system is
obtained by two-stage multilingual deep neural network (DNN) training using 11
hours of manually annotated CS speech (reference) data together with speech
data from other high-resourced languages. We compare the quality of
transcriptions provided by this bilingual ASR system with several other
approaches that use a language recognition system for assigning language labels
to raw speech segments at the front-end and using monolingual ASR resources for
transcription. We further investigate automatic annotation of the speakers
appearing in the raw broadcast data by first labeling with (pseudo) speaker
tags using a speaker diarization system and then linking to the known speakers
appearing in the reference data using a speaker recognition system. These
speaker labels are essential for speaker-adaptive training in the proposed
setting. We train acoustic models using the manually and automatically
annotated data and run recognition experiments on the development and test data
of the FAME! speech corpus to quantify the quality of the automatic
annotations. The ASR and CS detection results demonstrate the potential of
using automatic language and speaker tagging in semi-supervised bilingual
acoustic model training.


  We study ground-state properties of the doubly magic nuclei 4He, 16O, and
40Ca employing the Goldstone expansion and using as input four different
high-quality nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials. The short-range repulsion of
these potentials is renormalized by constructing a smooth low-momentum
potential V-low-k. This is used directly in a Hartree-Fock approach and
corrections up to third order in the Goldstone expansion are evaluated.
Comparison of the results shows that they are only slightly dependent on the
choice of the NN potential.


  An idea of the universe as a self-contained system of interacting fields as a
closed doublon network is developed. The characteristic scale of this system is
considered emergent from general principles. Self similarity of patterns in the
universe can be understood by introducing a characteristic scale with respect
towhich patterns are evaluated. The developed physical-mathematical model is in
good agreement with cosmological length scales and gives a rationale of the
empirical fact for an expanding universe. Within the framework of the
de~Broglie-Bohm double solution program, the model can be applied to
rationalize the existence of a ground potential and a cosmological constant.


  The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of restricted Hom- Lie
superalgebras. This class of algebras is a generalization of both restricted
Hom-Lie algebras and restricted Lie superalgebras. In this paper, we present a
way to obtain restricted Hom-Lie superalgebras from the classical restricted
Lie superalgebras along with algebra en- domorphisms. Homomorphisms relations
between restricted Hom-Lie superalgebras are defined and studied. Also, we
obtain some proper- ties of p-maps and restrictable Hom-Lie superalgebras.


  Dense assemblies of self propelled particles, also known as active or living
glasses are abundantaround us, covering different length and time scales: from
the cytoplasm to tissues, from bacterialbio-films to vehicular traffic jams,
from Janus colloids to animal herds. Being structurally disorderedas well as
strongly out of equilibrium, these systems show fascinating dynamical and
mechanicalproperties. Using extensive molecular dynamics simulation and a
number of different dynamicaland mechanical order parameters we differentiate
three dynamical steady states in a sheared modelactive glassy system: (a) a
disordered phase, (b) a propulsion-induced ordered phase, and (c)
ashear-induced ordered phase. We supplement these observations with an
analytical theory based onan effective single particle Fokker-Planck
description to rationalise the existence of the novel shear-induced
orientational ordering behaviour in our model active glassy system that has no
explicitaligning interactions,e.g.of Vicsek-type. This ordering phenomenon
occurs in the large persistencetime limit and is made possible only by the
applied steady shear. Using a Fokker-Planck descriptionwe make testable
predictions without any fit parameters for the joint distribution of single
particleposition and orientation. These predictions match well with the joint
distribution measured fromdirect numerical simulation. Our results are of
relevance for experiments exploring the rheologicalresponse of dense active
colloids and jammed active granular matter systems.


  In monotone simple games, larger coalitions typically wield more power, but
do all players align their efforts effectively? Consider a voting scenario
where a coalition forms, but needs more voters to pass a bill. The cohesion of
the new group of voters hinges on whether all the new members can proficiently
collaborate with the existing players to ensure the bill's passage or if
subgroups form that pursue an independent alternative, thus generating
antagonism among the new voters.
  This research introduces the coopetition index, ranging from -1 to 1, to
measure agents' preferences for cooperation (near 1) or competition (near -1)
with the remaining players. We also introduce the Banzhaf and Shapley-Owen
coopetition indices, addressing limitations of previous indices.
  By applying our index to the apex game and symmetric majority games, we
observe that cooperation and competition frequently balance each other out,
leading to null values for the Shapley-Owen and Banzhaf coopetition indices. To
distinguish balanced scenarios from those involving powerless coalitions, we
define a decisiveness index that measures the extent of coalition involvement
in negotiations.


  We investigate the stability and dynamics of natural convection in two
dimensions, subject to inhomogeneous boundary conditions. In particular, we
consider a Rayleigh-B\`enard (RB) cell, where the horizontal top boundary
contains a periodic sequence of alternating thermal insulating and conducting
patches, and we study the effects of the heterogeneous pattern on the global
heat exchange, both at low and high Rayleigh numbers. At low Rayleigh numbers,
we determine numerically the transition from a regime characterized by the
presence of small convective cells localized at the inhomogeneous boundary to
the onset of bulk convective rolls spanning the entire domain. Such a
transition is also controlled analytically in the limit when the boundary
pattern length is small compared with the cell vertical size. At higher
Rayleigh number, we use numerical simulations based on a lattice Boltzmann
method to assess the impact of boundary inhomogeneities on the fully turbulent
regime up to $Ra \sim 10^{10}$.


  A stress-affected chemical reaction front propagation is considered utilizing
the concept of a chemical affinity tensor. A reaction between an elastic solid
and diffusing constituents, localized at the reaction front, is considered. As
a result of the reaction, the elastic constituent transforms into viscoelastic
one. The reaction is accompanied by volume expansion that in turn may result in
stresses at the reaction front which affect the front velocity through the
normal component of the chemical affinity tensor. Considering a plane strain
problem with a planar chemical reaction front propagation under uniaxial
deformation, we focus on the studies of the reaction front kinetics in
dependence on external strains and material parameters with the use of the
notion of the equilibrium concentration. Then stress relaxation behind the
propagating reaction front is modelled. A standard linear solid model is used
for the reaction product, and its particular cases are also considered.
Analytical solutions are obtained which allow to study in explicit form the
influence of strains and material parameters on the front retardation or
acceleration and stress relaxation.


  By a method of population synthesis we construct a model of dark matter (DM)
accretion onto binary black holes (BHs), and investigate the merger rate of the
binary BHs. We find that the merger rate can weakly increase (less than 10\%).
However, the DM accretion can efficiently enhance the masses of binary BHs. In
our model, the result for $Z = 0.01$ without the DM accretion can not explain
the GW170104, GW170814, and GW150914, while with the DM accretion, it can cover
all observations well. For the higher metallicity ($Z = 0.02$), our model can
not explain the mergers of high-mass binary BHs like GW170104, GW170814, and
GW150914. We estimate that the merger rate of binary BHs lies between
$\rm55Gpc^{-3}yr^{-1}$ to $\rm197Gpc^{-3}yr^{-1}$.


  Consider the planar restricted $(N+1)$-body problem with trajectories of the
$N(\ge 2)$ primaries forming a collision-free periodic solution of the $N$-body
problem, for any positive energy $h$ and directions $\theta_{\pm} \in [0,
2\pi)$, we prove that starting from any initial position $x$ at any initial
time $t_x$, there are hyperbolic solutions $\gamma^{\pm}|_{[t_x, \pm \infty)}$
satisfying $\gamma^{\pm}(t_x) =x$ and $$ \lim_{t \to \pm \infty}
\gamma^{\pm}(t) / |\gamma^{\pm}(t)| = e^{i \theta_{\pm} (\text{mod } 2\pi)},
\;\;\lim_{ t \to \pm \infty} \dot{\gamma}^{\pm}(t) = \pm \sqrt{2h} e^{i
\theta_{\pm} (\text{mod } 2\pi)}.$$ Moreover we also prove the existence of a
bi-hyperbolic solution $\gamma|_{\mathbb{R}}$ satisfying $$ \lim_{t \to \pm
\infty} \gamma(t) / |\gamma(t)| = e^{i \theta_{\pm} (\text{mod } 2\pi)},
\;\;\lim_{ t \to \pm \infty} \dot{\gamma}(t) = \pm \sqrt{2h} e^{i \theta_{\pm}
(\text{mod } 2\pi)}.$$


  In this paper, We derive the symmetry group theorem to the Lin-Tsien equation
by using the modified CK's direct method, from which we obtain the
corresponding symmetry group. More importantly, conservation laws corresponding
to the Kac-Moody-Virasoro symmetry algebra of Lin-Tsien equation is obtained up
to second order group invariants.


  Given a complex Banach space $X$, let $\mathcal{B}(X)$ be the collection of
all bounded linear operators on $X.$ For $A,B\in\mathcal{B}(X)$ we define $A,B$
are $A$-weakly commutative if there exists $C\in\mathcal{B}(X)$ satisfying
$$AB=CA\text{ and }BA=AC.$$ The objective of this paper is to study the Drazin
invertibility of $A+B$ and $AB$, when $A, B\in\mathcal{B}(X)^D$ are $A\text{
and }B$-weakly commutative. Consequently, this extends some of the additive and
multiplicative results established by Huanyin and Marjan Sheibani (Linear and
Multilinear Algebra \textbf{70.1} (2022): 53-65) for a distinct family of
elements. Moreover, we also establish these additive and multiplicative
properties for g-Drazin inverses in a complex Banach algebra.


  Mobile manipulation is usually achieved by sequentially executing base and
manipulator movements. This simplification, however, leads to a loss in
efficiency and in some cases a reduction of workspace size. Even though
different methods have been proposed to solve Whole-Body Control (WBC) online,
they are either limited by a kinematic model or do not allow for reactive,
online obstacle avoidance. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this work,
we propose an end-to-end Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach to WBC. We
compared our learned controller against a state-of-the-art sampling-based
method in simulation and achieved faster overall mission times. In addition, we
validated the learned policy on our mobile manipulator RoyalPanda in
challenging narrow corridor environments.


  In this work we propose novel decision feedback (DF) detection algorithms
with error propagation mitigation capabilities for multi-input multi-output
(MIMO) spatial multiplexing systems based on multiple processing branches. The
novel strategies for detection exploit different patterns, orderings and
constraints for the design of the feedforward and feedback filters. We present
constrained minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) filters designed with constraints
on the shape and magnitude of the feedback filters for the multi-branch MIMO
receivers and show that the proposed MMSE design does not require a significant
additional complexity over the single-branch MMSE design. The proposed
multi-branch MMSE DF detectors are compared with several existing detectors and
are shown to achieve a performance close to the optimal maximum likelihood
detector while requiring significantly lower complexity.


  The gluon propagator has been calculated for quenched QCD in the Landau gauge
at beta=6.0 for volumes 16^3x48 and 32^3x64, and at beta=6.2 for volume
24^3x48$. The large volume and different lattice spacings allow us to identify
and minimise finite volume and finite lattice spacing artefacts. We also study
the tensor structure of the gluon propagator, confirming that it obeys the
lattice Landau gauge condition.


  We study the inclusion of running coupling corrections into the non-linear
small-x JIMWLK and BK evolution equations by resumming all powers of alpha_s
N_f in the evolution kernels. We demonstrate that the running coupling
corrections are included in the JIMWLK/BK evolution kernel by replacing the
fixed coupling constant alpha_s in it with alpha_s (1/r_1^2) alpha_s (1/r_2^2)
/ alpha_s (1/R^2), where r_1 and r_2 are transverse distances between the
emitted gluon and the harder gluon (or quark) off of which it was emitted to
the left and to the right of the interaction with the target. In the formalism
of Mueller's dipole model r_1 and r_2 are the transverse sizes of ``daughter''
dipoles produced in one step of the dipole evolution. The scale R is a function
of two-dimensional vectors r_1 and r_2, the exact form of which is
scheme-dependent. We propose using a particular scheme which gives us R as an
explicit function of r_1 and r_2.


  We study diffusion-limited (on-site) pair annihilation $A+A\to 0$ and
(on-site) fusion $A+A\to A$ which we show to be equivalent for arbitrary
space-dependent diffusion and reaction rates. For one-dimensional lattices with
nearest neighbour hopping we find that in the limit of infinite reaction rate
the time-dependent $n$-point density correlations for many-particle initial
states are determined by the correlation functions of a dual diffusion-limited
annihilation process with at most $2n$ particles initially. By reformulating
general properties of annihilating random walks in one dimension in terms of
fermionic anticommutation relations we derive an exact representation for these
correlation functions in terms of conditional probabilities for a single
particle performing a random walk with dual hopping rates. This allows for the
exact and explicit calculation of a wide range of universal and non-universal
types of behaviour for the decay of the density and density correlations.


  The predictions of quantum mechanics are probabilistic. Quantum probabilities
are extracted using a postulate of the theory called the Born rule, the status
of which is central to the "measurement problem" of quantum mechanics. Efforts
to justify the Born rule from other physical principles, and thus elucidate the
measurement process, have involved lengthy statistical or information-theoretic
arguments. Here we show that Bohm's deterministic formulation of quantum
mechanics allows the Born rule for measurements on a single system to be
derived, without any statistical assumptions. We solve a simple example where
the creation of an ensemble of identical quantum states, together with position
measurements on those states, are described by Bohm's quantum dynamics. The
calculated measurement outcomes agree with the Born-rule probabilities, which
are thus a consequence of deterministic evolution. Our results demonstrate that
quantum probabilities can emerge from simple dynamical laws alone, and they
support the view that there is no underlying indeterminism in quantum
phenomena.


  Non-local point-to-point correlations between two photons have been used to
produce "ghost" images without placing the camera towards the object. Here we
theoretically demonstrated and analyzed the advantage of non-Gaussian quantum
light in improving the image quality of ghost imaging system over traditional
Gaussian light source. For any squeezing degree, the signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) of the ghost image can be enhanced by the non-Gaussian operations of
photon addition and subtraction on the two-mode squeezed light source. We find
striking evidence that using non-Gaussian coherent operations, the SNR can be
promoted to a high level even within the extremely weak squeezing regime. The
resulting insight provides new experimental recipes of quantum imaging using
non-Gaussian light for illumination.


  On 2 November 2009, the Financial Bubble Experiment was launched within the
Financial Crisis Observatory (FCO) at ETH Zurich
(\url{http://www.er.ethz.ch/fco/}). In that initial report, we diagnosed and
announced three bubbles on three different assets. In this latest release of 23
December 2009 in this ongoing experiment, we add a diagnostic of a new bubble
developing on a fourth asset.


  The objective of this paper is to apply the recent achievements in
understanding of the non-MHD effects in plasma (acquired both in laboratory
experiments, as well as in theory), to the interstellar phenomena. Applied to
the space plasma, these effects can significantly change the picture of plasma
dynamics. Charged dust particles are always present in the interstellar medium
and can easily remain not magnetized, even when the plasma electrons and ions
are strongly magnetized. In such a medium, the magnetic field can propagate
with the super-Alfven velocity. This breaks the local "frozen-in" law for the
magnetic field, which can significantly affect the gravitational collapse
phenomena, the space plasma turbulence spectrum, magnetic dynamo and the rate
of the Fermi acceleration of cosmic rays.


  This work aims to use the homotopy analysis method to obtain analytical
solutions of linear time-fractional Navier-Stokes equations with cylindrical
coordinates and of a system of nonlinear time-fractional Navier-Stokes
equations with Cartesian coordinates. These equations are described in the
$\psi$-Caputo time-fractional derivative. The solutions obtained for
time-fractional Navier-Stokes equations are graphically presented.


  Translationally invariant flatband Hamiltonians with interactions lead to a
many-body localization transition. Our models are obtained from single particle
lattices hosting a mix of flat and dispersive bands, and equipped with
fine-tuned two--body interactions. Fine-tuning of the interaction results in an
extensive set of local conserved charges and a fragmentation of the Hilbert
space into irreducible sectors. In each sector, the conserved charges originate
from the flatband and act as an effective disorder inducing a transition
between ergodic and localized phases upon variation of the interaction
strength. Such fine-tuning is possible in arbitrary lattice dimensions and for
any many-body statistics. We present computational evidence for this transition
with spinless fermions.


  We extend the standard droplet scaling theory for isothermal aging in spin
glasses assuming that the effective stiffness constant of droplets as large as
extended defects is vanishingly small. A novel dynamical order parameter and
the associated dynamical susceptibility emerge. Breaking of the fluctuation
dissipation theorem takes place at the dynamical order parameter well below the
equilibrium Edwards-Anderson order parameter at which the time translational
invariance is strongly broken. The scenario is examined numerically in a 4
dimensional EA Ising spin glass model.


  We define arroids as an abstract axiom set encoding the intersection
properties of arrangements of curves. The tropicalization of the complement of
arrangement of curves meeting pairwise transversely is shown to be determined
by the associated arroid. We give conditions for when the cohomology of the
complement of an arrangement is computable using tropical cohomology, and we
give criteria for when the complement is a maximal variety in terms of tropical
geometry.


  Carbon, a basic versatile element in our universe, exhibits rich varieties of
allotropic phases, most of which possess promising nontrivial topological
fermions. In this work, we identify a distinct topological phonon phase in a
realistic carbon allotrope with a body-centered cubic structure, termed
bcc-C$_{8}$. We show by symmetry arguments and effective model analysis that
there are three intersecting phonon nodal rings perpendicular to each other in
different planes. The intersecting phonon nodal rings are protected by
time-reversal and inversion symmetries, which quantize the corresponding Berry
phase into integer multiples of $\pi$. Unlike the electron systems, the phonon
nodal rings in bcc-C$_{8}$ are guaranteed to remain gapless due to the lack of
spin-orbital coupling. The nearly flat drumhead surface states projected on
semi-infinite (001) and (110) surfaces of bcc-C$_{8}$ are clearly visible. Our
findings not only discover promising nodal ring phonons in a carbon allotrope,
but also provide emergent avenues for exploring topological phonons beyond
fermionic electrons in carbon-allotropic structures with attractive features.


  Here, we experimentally generated photonic graphene by resonance of
inhomogeneously strained one dimensional lattices of triangular solitons. Where
mildly twisted solitons are considered as north and south monopoles, while
strongly twisted solitons are considered as defect north monopoles. Weak
bounding is observed between the opposite monopoles. Strong bounding occurred
between the monopoles with same polarity. Where a defect north monopole is
transformed into a flux-like tube. Which generated an optical analogue of the
torus sublattice. Bogomolny's vortice-like symmetry is remained intact in all
these observations. Dirac's north monopole along with the string is also
observed. The results presented in this paper were also described in terms of
supersymmetry and quantum phase transitions, and reported in ref[20].


  Our current capability of space weather prediction in the Earth's radiation
belts is limited to only an hour in advance using the real-time solar wind
monitoring at the Lagrangian L1 point. To mitigate the impacts of space weather
on telecommunication satellites, several frameworks were proposed to advance
the lead time of the prediction. We develop a prototype pipeline called
"Helio1D" to forecast ambient solar wind conditions (speed, density,
temperature, tangential magnetic field) at L1 with a lead time of 4 days. This
pipeline predicts Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) and high-speed streams
that can increase high-energy fluxes in the radiation belts. The Helio1D
pipeline connects the Multi-VP model, which provides real-time solar wind
emergence at 0.14 AU, and a 1D MHD model of solar wind propagation. We
benchmark the Helio1D pipeline for solar wind speed against observations for
the intervals in 2004 - 2013 and 2017 - 2018. We developed a framework based on
the Fast Dynamic Time Warping technique that allows us to continuously compare
time-series outputs containing CIRs to observations to measure the pipeline's
performance. In particular, we use this framework to calibrate and improve the
pipeline's performance for operational forecasting. To provide timing and
magnitude uncertainties, we model several solar wind conditions in parallel,
for a total of 21 profiles corresponding to the various virtual targets
including the Earth. This pipeline can be used to feed real-time, daily solar
wind forecasting that aims to predict the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere
and the radiation belts.


  We analyse three codimension-two bifurcations occurring in nonsmooth systems,
when a non-hyperbolic cycle (fold, flip, and Neimark-Sacker cases, both in
continuous- and discrete-time) interacts with one of the discontinuity
boundaries characterising the system's dynamics. Rather than aiming at a
complete unfolding of the three cases, which would require specific assumptions
on both the class of nonsmooth system and the geometry of the involved
boundary, we concentrate on the geometric features that are common to all
scenarios. We show that, at a generic intersection between the smooth and
discontinuity induced bifurcation curves, a third curve generically emanates
tangentially to the former. This is the discontinuity induced bifurcation curve
of the secondary invariant set (the other cycle, the double-period cycle, or
the torus, respectively) involved in the smooth bifurcation. The result can be
explained intuitively, but its validity is proven here rigorously under very
general conditions. Three examples from different fields of science and
engineering are also reported.


  Autonomous agents must often detect affordances: the set of behaviors enabled
by a situation. Affordance detection is particularly helpful in domains with
large action spaces, allowing the agent to prune its search space by avoiding
futile behaviors. This paper presents a method for affordance extraction via
word embeddings trained on a Wikipedia corpus. The resulting word vectors are
treated as a common knowledge database which can be queried using linear
algebra. We apply this method to a reinforcement learning agent in a text-only
environment and show that affordance-based action selection improves
performance most of the time. Our method increases the computational complexity
of each learning step but significantly reduces the total number of steps
needed. In addition, the agent's action selections begin to resemble those a
human would choose.


  Topological excitations in periodic magnetic crystals have received
significant recent attention. However, it is an open question on their fate
once the lattice periodicity is broken. In this work, we theoretically study
the topological properties embedded in the collective dynamics of magnetic
texture array arranged into a Sierpi\'nski carpet structure with effective
Hausdorff dimensionality $d_{f}=1.893$. By evaluating the quantized real-space
quadrupole moment, we obtain the phase diagram supporting peculiar corner
states that are absent in conventional square lattices. We identify three
different higher-order topological states, i.e., outer corner state, type I and
type II inner corner states. We further show that all these corner states are
topologically protected and are robust against moderate disorder. Full
micromagnetic simulations are performed to verify theoretical predictions with
good agreement. Our results pave the way to investigating topological phases of
magnetic texture based fractals and bridging the gap between magnetic topology
and fractality.


  We consider two very different models of the flux tube linking two heavy
quarks: a string linking the matter fields and a Coulombic description of two
separately gauge invariant charges. We compare how close they are to the
unknown true ground state in compact U(1) and the SU(2) Higgs model.
Simulations in compact U(1) show that the string description is better in the
confined phase but the Coulombic description is best in the deconfined phase;
the last result is shown to agree with analytical calculations. Surprisingly in
the non-abelian theory the Coulombic description is better in both the Higgs
and confined phases. This indicates a significant difference in the width of
the flux tubes in the two theories.


  We propose a hybrid Molecular Dynamics/Multi-particle Collision Dynamics
model to simulate a set of self-assembled semiflexible filaments and free
monomers. Further, we introduce a Monte-Carlo scheme to deal with single
monomer addition (polymerization) or removal (depolymerization), satisfying the
detailed balance condition within a proper statistical mechanical framework.
This model of filaments, based on the wormlike chain, aims to represent
equilibrium polymers with distinct reaction rates at both ends, such as
self-assembled ADP-actin filaments in the absence of ATP hydrolysis and other
proteins. We report the distribution of filament lengths and the corresponding
dynamical fluctuations on an equilibrium trajectory. Potential generalizations
of this method to include irreversible steps like ATP-actin hydrolysis are
discussed.


  The first generation of stars produces a background of Lyman-Werner (LW)
radiation which can photo-dissociate molecular hydrogen, increasing the mass of
dark matter halos required to host star formation. Previous studies have
determined the critical mass required for efficient molecular cooling with a
constant LW background. However, the true background is expected to increase
rapidly at early times. Neglecting this evolution could underestimate star
formation in small halos that may have started to cool in the past when the LW
intensity was much lower. Background evolution is a large source of uncertainty
in pre-reionization predictions of the cosmological 21cm signal, which can be
observed with future radio telescopes. To address this, we perform
zero-dimentional one-zone calculations that follow the density, chemical
abundances, and temperature of gas in the central regions of dark matter halos,
including hierarchical growth and an evolving LW background. We begin by
studying the physics of halos subjected to a background that increases
exponentially with redshift. We find that when the intensity increases more
slowly than $J_{\rm LW}(z) \propto 10^{-z/5}$, cooling in the past is a
relatively small effect. We then self-consistently compute the cosmological LW
background over $z=15-50$ and find that cooling in the past due to an evolving
background has a modest impact. Finally, we compare these results to
three-dimensional hydrodynamical cosmological simulations with varying LW
histories. While only a small number of halos were simulated, the results are
consistent with our one-zone calculations.


  Although near-term quantum devices have no comprehensive solution for
correcting errors, numerous techniques have been proposed for achieving
practical value. Two works have recently introduced the very promising Error
Suppression by Derangements (ESD) and Virtual Distillation (VD) techniques. The
approach exponentially suppresses errors and ultimately allows one to measure
expectation values in the pure state as the dominant eigenvector of the noisy
quantum state. Interestingly this dominant eigenvector is, however, different
than the ideal computational state and it is the aim of the present work to
comprehensively explore the following fundamental question: how significantly
different are these two pure states? The motivation for this work is two-fold.
First, comprehensively understanding the effect of this coherent mismatch is of
fundamental importance for the successful exploitation of noisy quantum
devices. As such, the present work rigorously establishes that in practically
relevant scenarios the coherent mismatch is exponentially less severe than the
incoherent decay of the fidelity -- where the latter can be suppressed
exponentially via the ESD/VD technique. Second, the above question is closely
related to central problems in mathematics, such as bounding eigenvalues of a
sum of two matrices (Weyl inequalities) -- solving of which was a major
breakthrough. The present work can be viewed as a first step towards extending
the Weyl inequalities to eigenvectors of a sum of two matrices -- and
completely resolves this problem for the special case of the considered density
matrices.


  We present mid-infrared continuum and emission line images of the Galactic
oxygen-rich supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0+1.8, acquired using the MIPS and IRS
instruments on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The MIPS 24 micron and 70 micron
images of G292.0+1.8 are dominated by continuum emission from a network of
filaments encircling the SNR. The morphology of the SNR, as seen in the
mid-infrared, resembles that seen in X-rays with the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Most of the mid-infrared emission in the MIPS images is produced by
circumstellar dust heated in the non-radiative shocks around G292.0+1.8,
confirming the results of earlier mid-IR observations with AKARI. In addition
to emission from hot dust, we have also mapped atomic line emission between 14
micron and 36 micron using IRS spectral maps. The line emission is primarily
associated with the bright oxygen-rich optical knots, but is also detected from
fast-moving knots of ejecta. We confirm our earlier detection of 15-25 micron
emission characteristic of magnesium silicate dust in spectra of the
radiatively shocked ejecta. We do not detect silicon line emission from any of
the radiatively shocked ejecta in the southeast of the SNR, possibly because
that the reverse shock has not yet penetrated most of the Si-rich ejecta in
that region. This may indicate that G292.0+1.8 is less evolved in the southeast
than the rest of the SNR, and may be further evidence in favor of an asymmetric
SN explosion as proposed in recent X-ray studies of G292.0+1.8.


  In previous works we analysed conditions for linearization of hermitian
kernels. The conditions on the kernel turned out to be of a type considered
previously by L. Schwartz in the related matter of characterizing the real
space generated by positive definite kernels. The aim of this note is to find
more concrete expressions of the Schwartz type conditions: in the Hamburger
moment problem for Hankel type kernels on the free semigroup, in dilation
theory (Stinespring type dilations and Haagerup decomposability), as well as in
multi-variable holomorphy. Among other things, we prove that any hermitian
holomorphic kernel has a holomorphic linearization, and hence that holomorphic
kernels automatically satisfy L. Schwartz's boundedness condition.


  The complete double vertex graph $M_2(G)$ of $G$ is defined as the graph
whose vertices are the $2$-multisubsets of $V(G)$, and two of such vertices are
adjacent in $M_2(G)$ if their symmetric difference (as multisets) is a pair of
adjacent vertices in $G$. In this paper we exhibit an infinite family of graphs
$G$ (containing Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian graphs) for which $M_2(G)$ are
Hamiltonian.


  The inhomogeneous 3-Kelvin (3K) phase of the eutectic Sr2RuO4 with Ru
inclusions nucleates superconductivity at the interface between Ru and Sr2RuO4.
The structure of the interface state and its physical properties are examined
here. Two superconducting phases are identified between the transitions to the
bulk phase at 1.5K and to the 3K phase. The nucleation of the 3K phase results
in a state conserving time reversal symmetry, which generates an intrinsically
frustrated superconducting network in samples with many Ru inclusions. At a
lower temperature (>1.5K), a discontinuous (first order) transition to an
interface state breaking time reversal symmetry is found leading to an
unfrustrated network phase. It is shown that this phase transition located at a
temperature between 1.5 and 3K would yield the anomalous property that the
critical current in such a network depends on the sign of the current,
reproducing recent experimental observations.


  In liquid argon time projection chambers exposed to neutrino beams and
running on or near surface levels, cosmic muons and other cosmic particles are
incident on the detectors while a single neutrino-induced event is being
recorded. In practice, this means that data from surface liquid argon time
projection chambers will be dominated by cosmic particles, both as a source of
event triggers and as the majority of the particle count in true
neutrino-triggered events. In this work, we demonstrate a novel application of
deep learning techniques to remove these background particles by applying
semantic segmentation on full detector images from the SBND detector, the near
detector in the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino Program. We use this technique
to identify, at single image-pixel level, whether recorded activity originated
from cosmic particles or neutrino interactions.


  Hyperfine-structures of highly charged ions (HCIs) are favourable
spectroscopic targets for exploring fundamental physics as well as nuclear
properties. Recent proposals of HCI atomic clocks highlight their importance,
especially for many-electron HCIs, and they have been theoretically
investigated by refining atomic-structure calculations. Nonetheless, no
established spectroscopic method is currently available to verify these
theoretical calculations. Here, we demonstrate hyperfine-structure-resolved
laser spectroscopy of HCIs in an electron beam ion trap plasma, employing the
magnetic-dipole transition in 4$d^{9}$5$s$ of $^{127}$I$^{7+}$. Ion-state
manipulation by controlled electron collisions in the well-defined laboratory
plasma enables laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of trapped HCIs. The
observed spectrum of evaporatively cooled ions under the low magnetic field
shows remarkable features reflecting the hyperfine-structures. The present
demonstration using the combined optical and plasma approach provides a new
benchmark for state-of-the-art atomic calculations of hyperfine-structures in
many-electron HCIs and offers possibilities for a variety of unexploited
experiments.


  We consider the problem of synchronization of coupled oscillators in a
Kuramoto-type model with lossy couplings. Kuramoto models have been used to
gain insight on the stability of power networks which are usually nonlinear and
involve large scale interconnections. Such models commonly assume lossless
couplings and Lyapunov functions have predominantly been employed to prove
stability. However, coupling conductances can impact synchronization. We
therefore consider a more advanced Kuramoto model that includes coupling
conductances, and is characterized by nonhomogeneous coupling weights and
noncomplete coupling graphs. Lyapunov analysis once such coupling conductances
and aforementioned properties are included becomes nontrivial and more
conventional energy-like Lyapunov functions are not applicable or are
conservative. Small-signal analysis has been performed for such models, but due
to the fact that we have convergence to a manifold, stability analysis via a
linearization is on its own inconclusive for the nonlinear model. In this
paper, we provide a formal derivation using centre manifold theory that if a
particular condition on the equilibrium point associated with the coupling
conductances and susceptances holds, then the synchronization manifold for the
nonlinear system considered is asymptotically stable. Our analysis is
demonstrated with simulations.