  The composite little Higgs model, a UV completion for the $SU(5)/SO(5)$
little Higgs model, incorporates supersymmetry into strong gauge dynamics. We
extend the study of flavor physics in the model, and find that it is similar to
the bosonic technicolor model. Lepton flavor violations and neutrino mass
matrix arise once R-parity violating superpotential is introduced to the model,
as in the MSSM. We identify various low-energy effective $\Delta L=2$ lepton
flavor violating operators, and find that most of them are similar to those of
the R-parity violating MSSM. There is a new operator which involves only
leptons and the pseudo-Nambu Goldstone bosons of the little Higgs model. We
further study a possibility that this operator gives a dominant contribution to
the neutrino mass matrix.


  Effective out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for reliable machine
learning models, yet most current methods are limited in practical use due to
requirements like access to training data or intervention in training. We
present a novel method for detecting OOD data in Transformers based on
transformation smoothness between intermediate layers of a network (BLOOD),
which is applicable to pre-trained models without access to training data.
BLOOD utilizes the tendency of between-layer representation transformations of
in-distribution (ID) data to be smoother than the corresponding transformations
of OOD data, a property that we also demonstrate empirically. We evaluate BLOOD
on several text classification tasks with Transformer networks and demonstrate
that it outperforms methods with comparable resource requirements. Our analysis
also suggests that when learning simpler tasks, OOD data transformations
maintain their original sharpness, whereas sharpness increases with more
complex tasks.


  We consider a model of an Anderson impurity embedded in a $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave
superconducting state to describe the low-energy excitations of cuprate
superconductors doped with a small amount of magnetic impurities. Due to the
Dirac-like energy dispersion, a sharp localized resonance above the Fermi
energy, showing a marginal Fermi liquid behavior ($\omega \ln \omega$ as
$\omega \to 0$) is predicted for the impurity states. The same logarithmic
dependence of self-energy and a linear frequency dependence of the relaxation
rate are also derived for the conduction electrons, characterizing a new
universality class for the strong coupling fixed point. At the resonant
energies, the spatial distribution of the electron density of states around the
magnetic impurity is calculated, to be confronted with measurements of the
scanning tunneling microscopy on Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca(Cu$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$)O$_{8+\delta
}$.


  We study the flavour aspects of proton lifetime estimates in simple Grand
unified models paying particular attention to their inherent fragility due to
the notorious lack of control of some of the key parameters governing the
relevant hard-process amplitudes. Among these, the theoretical uncertainties in
the flavour structure of the baryon and lepton number violating charged
currents due to the potential higher-order effects afflicting the matching of
the underlying Yukawa couplings to the low-energy data often play a prominent
role. Focusing on the minimal variants of the most popular unified models we
study the potential instabilities of the corresponding proton lifetime
estimates based on the renormalizable-level Yukawa fits with respect to the
Planck-scale induced flavour effects. In particular, we perform a detailed
numerical analysis of all minimal $SO(10)$ Yukawa sector fits available in the
literature and show that the proton lifetime estimates based on these inputs
exhibit a high degree of robustness with respect to moderate-size
perturbations, well within the expected "improvement window" of the upcoming
proton decay searches.


  We present a novel method for synthesizing both temporally and geometrically
consistent street-view panoramic video from a single satellite image and camera
trajectory. Existing cross-view synthesis approaches focus on images, while
video synthesis in such a case has not yet received enough attention. For
geometrical and temporal consistency, our approach explicitly creates a 3D
point cloud representation of the scene and maintains dense 3D-2D
correspondences across frames that reflect the geometric scene configuration
inferred from the satellite view. As for synthesis in the 3D space, we
implement a cascaded network architecture with two hourglass modules to
generate point-wise coarse and fine features from semantics and per-class
latent vectors, followed by projection to frames and an upsampling module to
obtain the final realistic video. By leveraging computed correspondences, the
produced street-view video frames adhere to the 3D geometric scene structure
and maintain temporal consistency. Qualitative and quantitative experiments
demonstrate superior results compared to other state-of-the-art synthesis
approaches that either lack temporal consistency or realistic appearance. To
the best of our knowledge, our work is the first one to synthesize cross-view
images to video.


  This study explores the efficacy of a multi-perspective hybrid neural network
(HNN) for scoring student responses in science education with an analytic
rubric. We compared the accuracy of the HNN model with four ML approaches
(BERT, AACR, Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression). The results have shown that
HHN achieved 8%, 3%, 1%, and 0.12% higher accuracy than Naive Bayes, Logistic
Regression, AACR, and BERT, respectively, for five scoring aspects (p<0.001).
The overall HNN's perceived accuracy (M = 96.23%, SD = 1.45%) is comparable to
the (training and inference) expensive BERT model's accuracy (M = 96.12%, SD =
1.52%). We also have observed that HNN is x2 more efficient in training and
inferencing than BERT and has comparable efficiency to the lightweight but less
accurate Naive Bayes model. Our study confirmed the accuracy and efficiency of
using HNN to score students' science writing automatically.


  We propose a numerical method to solve general hyperbolic systems in any
space dimension using forward Euler time stepping and continuous finite
elements on non-uniform grids. The properties of the method are based on the
introduction of an artificial dissipation that is defined so that any convex
invariant sets containing the initial data is an invariant domain for the
method. The invariant domain property is proved for any hyperbolic system
provided a CFL condition holds. The solution is also shown to satisfy a
discrete entropy inequality for every admissible entropy of the system. The
method is formally first-order accurate in space and can be made high-order in
time by using Strong Stability Preserving algorithms. This technique extends to
continuous finite elements the work of \cite{Hoff_1979,Hoff_1985}, and
\cite{Frid_2001}.


  We take an ordered, anharmonic crystal in the form of slab geometry in three
dimensions. Apart from attaching baths of Langevin type to the extreme
surfaces, we also attach baths of same type to the intermediate surfaces of the
slab to simulate the environment surrounding the system. We assume noise
functions to be Gaussian and their widths to be site dependent. We find that
the radiated heat from the slab does not receive any correction at the leading
order of anharmonic coupling and the Newton's law of cooling holds for an
appropriate choice of the widths. We observe that in the steady state limit
entire slab becomes an assembly of $N$ different thermally equilibriated
layers, where $N$ is the number of sites in the direction of conduction current
flow. We find an exponentially falling nature of the temperature profile as its
leading behaviour and its non-leading behaviour is governed by the two site
dependent functions. Our evaluation suggests that in the thermodynamic limit
thermal conductivity remains independent of the environment temperature and is
dependent only on the difference of temperature of the extreme surfaces
linearly at the leading order of anharmonic coupling. We find that owing to
finiteness of conductivity in the thermodynamic limit, Fourier's law holds to
leading order in anharmonic coupling.


  The metadata aspect of Domain Names (DNs) enables us to perform a behavioral
study of DNs and detect if a DN is involved in in-browser cryptojacking. Thus,
we are motivated to study different temporal and behavioral aspects of DNs
involved in cryptojacking. We use temporal features such as query frequency and
query burst along with graph-based features such as degree and diameter, and
non-temporal features such as the string-based to detect if a DNs is suspect to
be involved in the in-browser cryptojacking. Then, we use them to train the
Machine Learning (ML) algorithms over different temporal granularities such as
2 hours datasets and complete dataset. Our results show DecisionTrees
classifier performs the best with 59.5% Recall on cryptojacked DN, while for
unsupervised learning, K-Means with K=2 perform the best. Similarity analysis
of the features reveals a minimal divergence between the cryptojacking DNs and
other already known malicious DNs. It also reveals the need for improvements in
the feature set of state-of-the-art methods to improve their accuracy in
detecting in-browser cryptojacking. As added analysis, our signature-based
analysis identifies that none-of-the Indian Government websites were involved
in cryptojacking during October-December 2021. However, based on the resource
utilization, we identify 10 DNs with different properties than others.


  Uncovering the structure of socioeconomic systems and timely estimation of
socioeconomic status are significant for economic development. The
understanding of socioeconomic processes provides foundations to quantify
global economic development, to map regional industrial structure, and to infer
individual socioeconomic status. In this review, we will make a brief manifesto
about a new interdisciplinary research field named Computational
Socioeconomics, followed by detailed introduction about data resources,
computational tools, data-driven methods, theoretical models and novel
applications at multiple resolutions, including the quantification of global
economic inequality and complexity, the map of regional industrial structure
and urban perception, the estimation of individual socioeconomic status and
demographic, and the real-time monitoring of emergent events. This review,
together with pioneering works we have highlighted, will draw increasing
interdisciplinary attentions and induce a methodological shift in future
socioeconomic studies.


  After introducing the covariant phase space calculus, Noether's theorems are
discussed, with particular emphasis on Noether's second theorem and the role of
gauge symmetries. This is followed by the enunciation of the theory of
asymptotic symmetries, and later its application to gravity. Specifically, we
review how the BMS group arises as the asymptotic symmetry group of gravity at
null infinity. Symmetries are so powerful and constraining that memory effects
and soft theorems can be derived from them. The lectures end with more recent
developments in the field: the corner proposal as a unified paradigm for
symmetries in gravity, the extended phase space as a resolution to the problem
of charge integrability, and eventually the implications of the corner proposal
on quantum gravity.


  Multi-organ segmentation in abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) images is of
great importance for diagnosis of abdominal lesions and subsequent treatment
planning. Though deep learning based methods have attained high performance,
they rely heavily on large-scale pixel-level annotations that are
time-consuming and labor-intensive to obtain. Due to its low dependency on
annotation, weakly supervised segmentation has attracted great attention.
However, there is still a large performance gap between current
weakly-supervised methods and fully supervised learning, leaving room for
exploration. In this work, we propose a novel 3D framework with two consistency
constraints for scribble-supervised multiple abdominal organ segmentation from
CT. Specifically, we employ a Triple-branch multi-Dilated network (TDNet) with
one encoder and three decoders using different dilation rates to capture
features from different receptive fields that are complementary to each other
to generate high-quality soft pseudo labels. For more stable unsupervised
learning, we use voxel-wise uncertainty to rectify the soft pseudo labels and
then supervise the outputs of each decoder. To further regularize the network,
class relationship information is exploited by encouraging the generated class
affinity matrices to be consistent across different decoders under multi-view
projection. Experiments on the public WORD dataset show that our method
outperforms five existing scribble-supervised methods.


  John Bell has shown that the correlations entailed by quantum mechanics
cannot be reproduced by a classical process involving non-communicating
parties. But can they be simulated with the help of bounded communication? This
problem has been studied for more than two decades and it is now well
understood in the case of bipartite entanglement. However, the issue was still
widely open for multipartite entanglement, even for the simplest case, which is
the tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. We give an exact
simulation of arbitrary independent von Neumann measurements on general
n-partite GHZ states. Our protocol requires O(n^2) bits of expected
communication between the parties, and O(n log n) expected time is sufficient
to carry it out in parallel. Furthermore, we need only an expectation of O(n)
independent unbiased random bits, with no need for the generation of continuous
real random variables nor prior shared random variables. In the case of
equatorial measurements, we improve on the prior art with a protocol that needs
only O(n log n) bits of communication and O(log^2 n) parallel time. At the cost
of a slight increase in the number of bits communicated, these tasks can be
accomplished with a constant expected number of rounds.


  The spatial and temporal noise properties of diffuse radiation is
investigated in the context of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), although
generic formulae that enable application to any other forms of incoherent light
of a prescribed energy spectrum are also provided. It is shown that the
variance of fluctuations in the density and flux consists of two parts. First
is a term from the spontaneous emission coefficient which is the contribution
from a random gas of classical particles representing the corpuscular (photon)
nature of light. Second is a term from the stimulated emission coefficient
which leads to a `wave noise', or more precisely the noise arising from the
superposition of many plane waves of arbitrary phase - the normal modes of the
radiation. The origin of this second term has never been elucidated before. We
discussed one application. In the spatially homogeneous post-inflationary
epochs when the universe was reheated to GUT temperatures, the thermal CMB
density fluctuations on the horizon scale is of order the WMAP measured value
of 10$^{-5}$. Beyond (larger than) the horizon, the power spectrum of
perturbations could moreover assume the observed form of $P(k) \sim k$ if
thermal diffusion to equilibrium does not merely involve classical particles,
but also non-localized wave components. The outcome of our study clearly
demonstrates that such components do indeed exist.


  The Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy is the most massive satellites of the
Milky Way, claimed to be embedded in a huge dark matter halo, and the only
among the Milky Way satellites hosting five globular clusters. Interestingly,
their estimated masses, ages and positions seem hardly compatible with the
presence of a significant dark matter component, as expected in the $\Lambda$
CDM scheme. Indeed, if Fornax would have a CDM halo with a standard density
profile, all its globular clusters should have sunk to the galactic centre many
Gyr ago due to dynamical friction. Due to this, some authors proposed that the
most massive clusters may have formed out of Fornax and later tidally captured.
In this paper we investigate the past evolution of the Fornax GC system by
using both a recently developed, semi-analytical treatment of dynamical
friction and direct $N$-body simulations of the orbital evolution of the
globular clusters within Fornax and of Fornax galaxy around the Milky Way. Our
results suggest that an "in-situ" origin for all the clusters is likely if
their observed positions are close to their spatial ones and their orbits are
almost circular. Moreover, the Milky Way seems to accelerate the GC decay
reducing the decay time of $15\%$. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the
GCs survival probability exceeds $50\%$, even in the case of cuspy density
profiles. We conclude that more detailed data are required to shed light on the
Fornax dark matter content, to distinguish between a cuspy or a cored profile.


  We present an improved method for calculating the parallel and perpendicular
velocity correlation functions directly from peculiar velocity surveys using
weighted maximum-likelihood estimators. A central feature of the new method is
the use of position-dependent weighting scheme that reduces the influence of
nearby galaxies, which are typically overrepresented relative to the more
distant galaxies in most surveys. We demonstrate that the correlation functions
calculated this way are less susceptible to biases due to our particular
location in the Universe, and thus are more easily comparable to linear theory
and between surveys. Our results suggest that the parallel velocity correlation
function is a promising cosmological probe, given that it provides a better
approximation of a Gaussian distribution than other velocity correlation
functions and that its bias is more easily minimized by weighting. Though the
position weighted parallel velocity correlation function increases the
statistical uncertainty, it decreases the cosmic variance and is expected to
provide more stable and tighter cosmological parameter constraints than other
correlation methods in conjunction with more precise velocity surveys in the
future.


  If we assume the Thesis that any classical Turing machine T, which halts on
every n-ary sequence of natural numbers as input, determines a PA-provable
formula, whose standard interpretation is an n-ary arithmetical relation f(x1,
>..., xn) that holds if, and only if, T halts, then standard PA can model the
state of a deterministic universe that is consistent with a probabilistic
Quantum Theory. Another significant consequence of this Thesis is that every
partial recursive function can be effectively defined as total.


  While deep neural networks excel in solving visual recognition tasks, they
require significant effort to find hyperparameters that make them work
optimally. Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) approaches have automated the
process of finding good hyperparameters but they do not adapt to a given task
(task-agnostic), making them computationally inefficient. To reduce HPO time,
we present HyperSTAR (System for Task Aware Hyperparameter Recommendation), a
task-aware method to warm-start HPO for deep neural networks. HyperSTAR ranks
and recommends hyperparameters by predicting their performance conditioned on a
joint dataset-hyperparameter space. It learns a dataset (task) representation
along with the performance predictor directly from raw images in an end-to-end
fashion. The recommendations, when integrated with an existing HPO method, make
it task-aware and significantly reduce the time to achieve optimal performance.
We conduct extensive experiments on 10 publicly available large-scale image
classification datasets over two different network architectures, validating
that HyperSTAR evaluates 50% less configurations to achieve the best
performance compared to existing methods. We further demonstrate that HyperSTAR
makes Hyperband (HB) task-aware, achieving the optimal accuracy in just 25% of
the budget required by both vanilla HB and Bayesian Optimized HB~(BOHB).


  Hyper-entanglement between two or more photonic degrees of freedom (DOF) can
enhance and enable new quantum protocols by allowing each DOF to perform the
task it is optimally suited for. Here we demonstrate the generation of photon
pairs hyper-entangled between pulse modes and frequency bins. The pulse modes
are generated via parametric downconversion in a domain-engineered crystal and
subsequently entangled to two frequency bins via a spectral mapping technique.
The resulting hyper-entangled state is characterized and verified via
measurement of its joint spectral intensity and non-classical two-photon
interference patterns from which we infer its spectral phase. The protocol
combines the robustness to loss, intrinsic high dimensionality and
compatibility with standard fiber-optic networks of the energy-time DOF with
the ability of hyper-entanglement to increase the capacity and efficiency of
the quantum channel, already exploited in recent experimental applications in
both quantum information and quantum computation.


  Fundamental physical constants need not be constant, neither spatially nor
temporally. -- This seeming simple statement has profound implications for a
wide range of physical processes and interactions, and can be probed through a
number of observations. In this chapter, we highlight how CMB measurements can
constrain variations of the fine-structure constant and the electron rest mass
during the cosmological recombination era. The sensitivity of the CMB
anisotropies to these constants arises because they directly affect the cosmic
ionization history and Thomson scattering rate, with a number of subtle atomic
physics effects coming together. Recent studies have revealed that variations
of the electron rest mass can indeed alleviate the Hubble tension, as we
explain here. Future opportunities through measurements of the cosmological
recombination radiation are briefly mentioned, highlighting how these could
provide an exciting avenue towards uncovering the physical origin of the Hubble
tension experimentally.


  In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) using inert gas has been
successfully applied for biomedicine, such as sterilization, wound healing,
skin diseases, and tumor treatment. Here, we reported air cold atmospheric
plasma with three different patterns (I. Non: basic square grid structure; II.
Square: basic square grid structure + square node; III. Circle: basic square
grid structure + circle node) for anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma treatment
(VX2 cell line). Various plasma diagnostic techniques were applied to evaluate
the physics of air CAP with patterns such as discharge voltage, plasma initial
generating process, plasma temperature, and optical emission spectroscopy
(OES). The direct effects of air CAP with patterns on anaplastic squamous cell
carcinoma treatment (VX2 cell line) were investigated in vitro. We also studied
the ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species)
generation in cultured media released from VX2 cells after the treatment of air
CAP with patterns. The results showed that the air CAP with circle-pattern
generated more active substances during at 60s treatment time, which resulted
in a higher death rate of VX2 cells. These initial observations establish the
air CAP with patterns as potential clinical applications for cancer therapy.


  We calculate the vacuum expectation value of the dimension-5 "mixed"
quark-gluon operator, $O_\sigma = \bar\psi (\lambda^a /2) \sigma_{\mu\nu} \psi
F_{\mu\nu}^a$, in the instanton vacuum. Within the $1/N_c$--expansion the QCD
operator is replaced by an effective many-fermion operator, which is averaged
over the effective theory of massive quarks derived from instantons. We find
$m_0^2 \equiv \langle O_\sigma \rangle / \langle \bar\psi\psi \rangle \approx 4
\bar\rho^{-2} = 1.4 GeV^2$, somewhat larger than the estimate from QCD sum
rules for the nucleon.


  We present proper motion measurements for more than $0.55$ million
main-sequence stars, by comparing astrometric positions of matched stars
between the multi-band imaging datasets from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Survey
and the SDSS Stripe 82. In doing this we use $3$ million galaxies to
recalibrate the astrometry and set up a common reference frame between the two
catalogues. The exquisite depth and the nearly $12$ years of time baseline
between HSC and SDSS enable high-precision measurements of statistical proper
motions for stars down to $i\simeq 24$. A validation of our method is
demonstrated by the agreement with the $Gaia$ proper motions, to the precision
better than $0.1$ mas yr$^{-1}$. To retain the precision, we make a correction
of the subtle effects due to the differential chromatic refraction in the SDSS
images based on the comparison with the $Gaia$ proper motions against colour of
stars, which is validated using the SDSS spectroscopic quasars. Combining with
the photometric distance estimates for individual stars based on the precise
HSC photometry, we show a significant detection of the net proper motions for
stars in each bin of distance out to $100$ kpc. The two-component tangential
velocities after subtracting the apparent motions due to our own motion display
rich phase-space structures including a clear signature of the Sagittarius
stream in the halo region of distance range $[10,\ 35]$ kpc. We also measure
the tangential velocity dispersion in the distance range $5-20$ kpc and find
that the data are consistent with a constant isotropic dispersion of $80\pm 10\
{\rm km/s}$. More distant stars appear to have random motions with respect to
the Galactic centre on average.


  Kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) exhibit a characteristic
superconducting ground state coexisting with charge-density wave (CDW), whereas
the mechanisms of the superconductivity and CDW have yet to be clarified. Here
we report a systematic ARPES study of Cs(V1-xNbx)3Sb5 as a function of Nb
content x, where isovalent Nb substitution causes an enhancement of
superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and the reduction of CDW
temperature (TCDW). We found that the Nb substitution shifts the Sb-derived
electron band at the Gamma point downward and simultaneously moves the
V-derived band around the M point upward to lift up the saddle point (SP) away
from the Fermi level, leading to the reduction of CDW-gap magnitude and TCDW.
This indicates a primary role of the SP density of states to stabilize CDW. The
present result also suggests that the enhancement of superconductivity by Nb
substitution is caused by the cooperation between the expansion of the
Sb-derived electron pocket and the recovery of the V-derived density of states
at the Fermi level.


  Recent solar photospheric abundance analyses (Asplund et al. 2004, 2005;
Lodders 2003) have revised downward the C, N, O, Ne, and Ar abundances by 0.15
to 0.2 dex compared to previous determinations of Grevesse & Sauval (1998).
With these revisions, the photospheric Z/X decreases to 0.0165 (0.0177
Lodders), and Z to ~0.0122 (0.0133 Lodders). A number of papers report that
solar models evolved with standard opacities and diffusion treatment using
these new abundances give poor agreement with helioseismic inferences. Here we
explore evolved solar models with varying diffusion treatments to reduce the
photospheric abundances while keeping the interior abundances about the same as
earlier standard models. While enhanced diffusion improves agreement with some
helioseismic constraints compared to a solar model evolved with the new
abundances using nominal input physics, the required increases in thermal
diffusion rates are unphysically large, and none of the variations tried
restores the good agreement attained using the earlier abundances. A
combination of modest opacity increases, diffusion enhancements, and abundance
increases near the level of the uncertainties, while somewhat contrived,
remains the most physically plausible means to restore agreement with
helioseismology. The case for enhanced diffusion would be improved if the
inferred convection-zone helium abundance could be reduced; we recommend
reconsidering this derivation in light of new equations of state with modified
abundances and other improvements. We also recommend considering, as a last
resort, diluting the convection zone, which contains only 2.5% of the sun's
mass, by accretion of material depleted in these more volatile elements C, N,
O, Ne, & Ar after the sun arrived on the main sequence.


  We define and study positivity (nefness, amplitude, bigness and
pseudo-effectiveness) for Weil divisors on normal projective varieties. We
prove various characterizations, vanishing and non-vanishing theorems for
cohomology, global generation statements, and a result related to log Fano.


  The present study elucidates the correlation between the structural and
optical properties of GaN nanowires grown on Si(111) substrate by plasma
assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) technique under various growth
conditions. GaN NWs exhibiting different shapes, sizes and distribution were
grown at various substrate temperatures with same Ga-N (III-V) ratio of 0.4. We
observe that sample grown at lower substrate temperature (~700 degC) results
2-dimensional island like structure with almost very little (~30%) circularity
while increasing substrate temperature (>770 degC) leads to growth of
individual GaN NW (>80% circularity) with excellent structural properties. The
temperature dependent photoluminescence measurement together with analysis of
RAMAN active modes provides legitimate evidences of strong correlation between
the structure and optical properties GaN nanowires grown on Si substrates.


  In the first part we associate a periodic sequence to a partition and study
the connection the distribution of elements of uniform limit of the sequences.
Then some facts of statistical independence of these limits are proved


  Obtaining a rigorous justification of the kinetic theory of gases from
Newton's second law of dynamics for a large number of identical spheres
interacting by elastic binary collisions, is a problem formulated by Hilbert in
1900 (Hilbert's 6th problem). In 1975, Lanford demonstrated the validity of the
Boltzmann equation over a very short time interval, of the order of a fraction
of the average time between two successive collisions experienced by the same
particle. This result of Lanford can be interpreted as a kind of law of large
numbers as the number of particles tends to infinity. This point of view raises
several questions. First, the core of the argument used by Boltzmann to arrive
at the equation bearing his name is the assumption that two particles about to
collide are statistically almost independent. This suggests to examine the
validity of this hypothesis by studying the dynamics of correlations between
particles. On the other hand, the interpretation of the Boltzmann equation as a
law of large numbers leads to study precisely the fluctuations of the phase
space empirical measure of the particle system about its mean (whose evolution
is described by the Boltzmann equation). A series of recent papers by T.
Bodineau, I. Gallagher, L. Saint-Raymond and S. Simonella answers these various
questions and allows going beyond the Boltzmann equation in the understanding
of the kinetic theory of gases.


  Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) plays a crucial role in artificial
intelligence, biochemistry, finance, cryptography, etc. Notwithstanding popular
for decades, the researches of MILP solvers are still limited by the resource
consumption caused by complexity and failure of Moore's Law. Quantum-inspired
Ising machines, as a new computing paradigm, can be used to solve integer
programming problems by reducing them into Ising models. Therefore, it is
necessary to understand the technical evolution of quantum inspired solvers to
break the bottleneck. In this paper, the concept and traditional algorithms for
MILP are introduced. Then, focused on Ising model, the principle and
implementations of annealers and coherent Ising machines are summarized.
Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of miniaturized
solvers in the future.


  We develop the dual picture for Quantum Electrodynamics in 3+1 dimensions. It
is shown that the photon is massless in the Coulomb phase due to spontaneous
breaking of the magnetic symmetry group. The generators of this group are the
magnetic fluxes through any infinite surface $\Phi_S$. The order parameter for
this symmetry breaking is the operator $V(C)$ which creates an infinitely long
magnetic vortex. We show that although the order parameter is a stringlike
rather than a local operator, the Goldstone theorem is applicable if $<V(C)>\ne
0$. If the system is properly regularized in the infrared, we find $<V(C)>\ne
0$ in the Coulomb phase and $V(C)=0$ in the Higgs phase. The Higgs - Coulomb
phase transition is therefore understood as condensation of magnetic vortices.
The electric charge in terms of $V(C)$ is topological and is equal to the
winding number of the mapping from a circle at spatial infinity into the
manifold of possible vacuum expectation values of a magnetic vortex in a given
direction. Since the vortex operator takes values in $S^1$ and
$\Pi_1(S^1)={\cal Z}$, the electric charge is quantized topologically.


  By considering an empirical approximation, and a new class of operators that
we will call walking operators, we construct, for any positive ND-toeplitz
matrix, an infinite in all dimensions matrix, for which the inverse
approximates the original matrix in its finite part. A recursive hierarchical
algorithm is presented for sequential dimension spectral representation. A
positive comparison in calculus cost, and numerical simulation, for 2D and 3D
signals, is also presented.


  A large fraction of Internet traffic is now driven by requests from mobile
devices with relatively small screens and often stringent bandwidth
requirements. Due to these factors, it has become the norm for modern
graphics-heavy websites to transmit low-resolution, low-bytecount image
previews (thumbnails) as part of the initial page load process to improve
apparent page responsiveness. Increasing thumbnail compression beyond the
capabilities of existing codecs is therefore a current research focus, as any
byte savings will significantly enhance the experience of mobile device users.
Toward this end, we propose a general framework for variable-rate image
compression and a novel architecture based on convolutional and deconvolutional
LSTM recurrent networks. Our models address the main issues that have prevented
autoencoder neural networks from competing with existing image compression
algorithms: (1) our networks only need to be trained once (not per-image),
regardless of input image dimensions and the desired compression rate; (2) our
networks are progressive, meaning that the more bits are sent, the more
accurate the image reconstruction; and (3) the proposed architecture is at
least as efficient as a standard purpose-trained autoencoder for a given number
of bits. On a large-scale benchmark of 32$\times$32 thumbnails, our LSTM-based
approaches provide better visual quality than (headerless) JPEG, JPEG2000 and
WebP, with a storage size that is reduced by 10% or more.


  We consider the influence of microlensing on different spectral bands of
lensed QSOs. We assumed that the emitting X-ray, UV and optical regions are
different in size, but that the continuum emission in these spectral bands is
originating from an accretion disc. Estimations of the time scales for
microlensing and flux amplification in different bands are given. We found that
the microlensing duration should be shorter in the X-ray (several months) than
in UV/optical emitting region (several years). This result indicates that
monitoring of the X-ray variations in lensed QSOs that show a 'flux anomaly'
can clarify the source of this anomaly.


  Image classifiers are an important component of today's software, from
consumer and business applications to safety-critical domains. The advent of
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is the key catalyst behind such wide-spread
success. However, wide adoption comes with serious concerns about the
robustness of software systems dependent on DNNs for image classification, as
several severe erroneous behaviors have been reported under sensitive and
critical circumstances. We argue that developers need to rigorously test their
software's image classifiers and delay deployment until acceptable. We present
an approach to testing image classifier robustness based on class property
violations.
  We found that many of the reported erroneous cases in popular DNN image
classifiers occur because the trained models confuse one class with another or
show biases towards some classes over others. These bugs usually violate some
class properties of one or more of those classes. Most DNN testing techniques
focus on per-image violations, so fail to detect class-level confusions or
biases.
  We developed a testing technique to automatically detect class-based
confusion and bias errors in DNN-driven image classification software. We
evaluated our implementation, DeepInspect, on several popular image classifiers
with precision up to 100% (avg.~72.6%) for confusion errors, and up to 84.3%
(avg.~66.8%) for bias errors. DeepInspect found hundreds of classification
mistakes in widely-used models, many exposing errors indicating confusion or
bias.


  In this paper, we investigate the Seshadri constant $\varepsilon(X,T_X;p)$ of
the tangent sheaf $T_X$ on a complete $\mathbb Q$-factorial toric variety $X$.
We show that $\varepsilon(X,T_X;1)>0$ if and only if the following statement
holds true: if $a_1v_1+\cdots +a_kv_k=0$ where $a_i$'s are positive real
numbers and $v_i$'s are primitive generators of some rays in the fan $\Delta$
that defines $X$, then $k\geq \dim X+1$. Based on the result, we show that a
smooth projective toric variety $X$ with $\varepsilon(X,T_X;p)>0$ for some
$p\in X$ is isomorphic to the projective space, confirming a special case of
the conjecture proposed by M. Fulger and T. Murayama.


  The flagellated bacterium Escherichia coli is increasingly used
experimentally as a self-propelled swimmer. To obtain meaningful, quantitative
results that are comparable between different laboratories, reproducible
protocols are needed to control, `tune' and monitor the swimming behaviour of
these motile cells. We critically review the knowledge needed to do so, explain
methods for characterising the colloidal and motile properties of E.coli,
cells, and propose a protocol for keeping them swimming at constant speed at
finite bulk concentrations. In the process of establishing this protocol, we
use motility as a high-throughput probe of aspects of cellular physiology via
the coupling between swimming speed and the proton motive force.


  In the 1980s, Neumann and Zagier introduced a symplectic vector space
associated to an ideal triangulation of a cusped 3-manifold, such as a knot
complement. We give a geometric interpretation for this symplectic structure in
terms of the topology of the 3-manifold, via intersections of certain curves on
a Heegaard surface. We also give an algorithm to construct curves forming a
symplectic basis.


  We calculate the effects of finite density and temperature of isospin
asymmetric strange hadronic matter, for different strangeness fractions, on the
in-medium properties of vector $\left( D^{\ast}, D_{s}^{\ast}, B^{\ast},
B_{s}^{\ast}\right)$ and axial-vector $\left( D_{1}, D_{1s}, B_{1},
B_{1s}\right)$ mesons, using chiral hadronic SU(3) model and QCD sum rules. We
focus on the evaluation of in-medium mass-shift and shift in decay constant of
above vector and axial-vector mesons. In QCD sum rule approach, the properties,
e.g., the masses and decay constants of vector and axial-vector mesons are
written in terms of quark and gluon condensates. These quark and gluon
condensates are evaluated in the present work within chiral SU(3) model,
through the medium modification of, scalar-isoscalar fields $\sigma$ and
$\zeta$, the scalar-isovector field $\delta$ and scalar dilaton field $\chi$,
in the strange hadronic medium which includes both nucleons as well as
hyperons. As we shall see in detail, the masses and decay constants of heavy
vector and axial-vector mesons are affected significantly due to isospin
asymmetry and strangeness fraction of the medium and these modifications may
influence the experimental observables produced in heavy ion collision
experiments. The results of present investigations of in-medium properties of
vector and axial-vector mesons at finite density and temperature of strange
hadronic medium may be helpful for understanding the experimental data from
heavy-ion collision experiments in-particular for the Compressed Baryonic
Matter (CBM) experiment of FAIR facility at GSI, Germany.


  Private data analysis suffers a costly curse of dimensionality. However, the
data often has an underlying low-dimensional structure. For example, when
optimizing via gradient descent, the gradients often lie in or near a
low-dimensional subspace. If that low-dimensional structure can be identified,
then we can avoid paying (in terms of privacy or accuracy) for the high ambient
dimension.
  We present differentially private algorithms that take input data sampled
from a low-dimensional linear subspace (possibly with a small amount of error)
and output that subspace (or an approximation to it). These algorithms can
serve as a pre-processing step for other procedures.


  This paper extends a recently proposed model for combinatorial landscapes:
Local Optima Networks (LON), to incorporate a first-improvement (greedy-ascent)
hill-climbing algorithm, instead of a best-improvement (steepest-ascent) one,
for the definition and extraction of the basins of attraction of the landscape
optima. A statistical analysis comparing best and first improvement network
models for a set of NK landscapes, is presented and discussed. Our results
suggest structural differences between the two models with respect to both the
network connectivity, and the nature of the basins of attraction. The impact of
these differences in the behavior of search heuristics based on first and best
improvement local search is thoroughly discussed.


  We give a different and simpler proof of a slightly modified (and weaker)
variant of a recent theorem of Shelukhin extending Franks'
"two-or-infinitely-many" theorem to Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms in higher
dimensions and establishing a sufficiently general case of the Hofer-Zehnder
conjecture. A few ingredients of our proof are common with Shelukhin's original
argument, the key of which is Seidel's equivariant pair-of-pants product, but
the new proof highlights a different aspect of the periodic orbit dynamics of
Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms.


  We show that any cadlag predictable process of finite variation is an a.s.
limit of elementary predictable processes; it follows that predictable stopping
times can be approximated `from below' by predictable stopping times which take
finitely many values. We then obtain as corollaries two classical theorems:
predictable stopping times are announceable, and an increasing process is
predictable iff it is natural.


  We present the design of ATJ graphite rods developed for ablation experiments
under high heat flux (up to 50 MW/m2) in the lower divertor of the DIII-D
tokamak [1], a magnetic plasma confinement device. This work is motivated by
the need to test ablation models relevant to carbon-based thermal shields used
in high-speed spacecraft atmospheric entries, where the heat fluxes encountered
can be comparable to those achieved in the DIII-D divertor plasma. Several
different designs for the flow-facing side of the rod are analyzed, including
"sharp nose," "blunt," and "concave". The last shape is studied for its
potential to lower heat fluxes at the rod surface by increased radiation from
trapped neutrals and reduced parallel plasma pressure. We also analyze the
possibility of applying a thin (approximately 30 microns) layer of silicon
carbide (SiC) to the exposed part of several carbon ablation rods to benchmark
its erosion calculations and lifetime predictions. Such calculations are of
interest as SiC represents a promising material for both thermal protection
systems (TPS) and a fusion plasma-facing material (PFM). Preliminary results
from the DIII-D rod ablation experiments are also discussed.


  Let $n \geq 5$ and let $u^1,\dots,u^n$ be nonnegative real $n$-vectors such
that the indices of their positive elements form the sets
$\{1,2,\dots,n-2\},\{2,3,\dots,n-1\},\dots,\{n,1,\dots,n-3\}$, respectively.
Here each index set is obtained from the previous one by a circular shift. The
set of copositive forms which vanish on the vectors $u^1,\dots,u^n$ is a face
of the copositive cone ${\cal C}^n$. We give an explicit semi-definite
description of this face and of its subface consisting of positive
semi-definite forms, and study their properties. If the vectors $u^1,\dots,u^n$
and their positive multiples exhaust the zero set of an exceptional copositive
form belonging to this face, then we say it has minimal circulant zero support
set, and otherwise non-minimal circulant zero support set. We show that forms
with non-minimal circulant zero support set are always extremal, and forms with
minimal circulant zero support sets can be extremal only if $n$ is odd. We
construct explicit examples of extremal forms with non-minimal circulant zero
support set for any order $n \geq 5$, and examples of extremal forms with
minimal circulant zero support set for any odd order $n \geq 5$. The set of all
forms with non-minimal circulant zero support set, i.e., defined by different
collections $u^1,\dots,u^n$ of zeros, is a submanifold of codimension $2n$, the
set of all forms with minimal circulant zero support set a submanifold of
codimension $n$.


  We suggest that the collision of a small solid body with a pulsar can lead to
an observable glitch/anti-glitch. The glitch amplitude depends on the mass of
the small body and the impact parameter as well. In the collision, a
considerable amount of potential energy will be released either in the form of
a short hard X-ray burst or as a relatively long-lasting soft X-ray afterglow.
The connection between the glitch amplitude and the X-ray energetics can help
to diagnose the nature of these timing anomalies.


  The aim of this work is to study a very special family of odd-quadratic Lie
superalgebras ${\mathfrak g}={\mathfrak g}_{\bar 0}\oplus {\mathfrak g}_{\bar
1}$ such that ${\mathfrak g}_{\bar 1}$ is a weak filiform ${\mathfrak g}_{\bar
0}$-module (weak filiform type). We introduce this concept after having proved
that the unique non-zero odd-quadratic Lie superalgebra $({\mathfrak g},B)$
with ${\mathfrak g}_{\bar 1}$ a filiform ${\mathfrak g}_{\bar 0}$-module is the
abelian $2$-dimensional Lie superalgebra ${\mathfrak g}={\mathfrak g}_{\bar 0}
\oplus {\mathfrak g}_{\bar 1}$ such that $\mbox{{\rm dim }}{\mathfrak g}_{\bar
0}=\mbox{{\rm dim }}{\mathfrak g}_{\bar 1}=1$. Let us note that in this context
the role of the center of ${\mathfrak g}$ is crucial. Thus, we obtain an
inductive description of odd-quadratic Lie superalgebras of weak filiform type
via generalized odd double extensions. Moreover, we obtain the classification,
up to isomorphism, for the smallest possible dimensions, that is, six and
eight.


  In this article, we describe an efficient method for computing Teitelbaum's
$p$-adic $\mathcal{L}$-invariant. These invariants are realized as the
eigenvalues of the $\mathcal{L}$-operator acting on a space of harmonic
cocycles on the Bruhat-Tits tree $\mathcal{T}$, which is computable by the
methods of Franc and Masdeu described in [FM14]. The main difficulty in
computing the $\mathcal{L}$-operator is the efficient computation of the
$p$-adic Coleman integrals in its definition. To solve this problem, we use
overconvergent methods, first developed by Darmon, Greenberg, Pollack and
Stevens. In order to make these methods applicable to our setting, we prove a
control theorem for $p$-adic automorphic forms of arbitrary even weight.
Moreover, we give computational evidence for relations between slopes of
$\mathcal{L}$-invariants of different levels and weights for $p=2$.


  Superconducting ($S$) thin film superlattices composed of Nb and a normal
metal spacer ($N$) have been extensively utilized in Josephson junctions given
their favorable surface roughness compared to Nb films of comparable thickness.
In this work, we characterize the London penetration depth and Ginzburg-Landau
coherence lengths of $S/N$ superlattices using polarized neutron reflectometry
and electrical transport. Despite the normal metal spacer layers being only
approximately 8% of the total superlattice thickness, we surprisingly find that
the introduction of these thin $N$ spacers between $S$ layers leads to a
dramatic increase in the measured London penetration depth compared to that of
a single Nb film of comparable thickness. Using the measured values for the
effective in- and out-of-plane coherence lengths, we quantify the induced
anisotropy of the superlattice samples and compare to a single Nb film sample.
From these results, we find that that the superlattices behave similarly to
layered 2D superconductors.


  Definition: The terms "robotics in snow and ice" refers to robotic systems
being studied, developed, and used in areas where water can be found in its
solid state. This specialized branch of field robotics investigates the impact
of extreme conditions related to cold environments on autonomous vehicles.


  Deviations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) from Parker's model are
frequently observed in the heliosphere at different distances r from the Sun.
Usually, it is supposed that the IMF behavior corresponds to Parker's model
overall, but there is some turbulent component that impacts and disrupts the
full picture of the IMF spatial and temporal distribution. However, the
analysis of multi-spacecraft in-ecliptic IMF measurements from 0.29 AU to 5 AU
shows that the IMF radial evolution is rather far from expected. The radial IMF
component decreases with the adiabatic power index (|Br| \sim r^-5/3), the
tangential component |Bt| \sim r^-1.1 and, the IMF strength B \sim r^-1.4. This
means that the IMF is not completely frozen in the solar wind. Possibly,
turbulent processes in the inner heliosphere significantly influence the IMF
expansion. This means that the IMF is not completely frozen in the solar wind.
It is possible that turbulent processes in the inner heliosphere significantly
influence the IMF expansion. This is confirmed by the analysis of the Br
distribution's radial evolution. We consider a quasi-continuous magnetic
reconnection, occurring both at the heliospheric current sheet and at local
current sheets inside the IMF sectors, to be a key process responsible for the
solar wind turbulization with heliocentric distance as well as for the
breakdown of the frozen-in IMF law.


  Recent advances in the Langlands program shed light on a vast area of modern
mathematics from an unconventional viewpoint, including number theory, gauge
theory, representation, knot theory and etc. By applying to physics, these
novel perspectives endow with a unified account of the (integer/ fractional)
quantum Hall effect. The plateaus of the Hall conductance are described by
Hecke eigensheaves of the geometric Langlands correspondence. Especially, the
particle-vortex duality, which is explained by S-duality of Chern-Simons
theory, corresponds to the Langlands duality in Wilson and Hecke operators.
Moreover the Langlands duality in the quantum group associated with the
Hamiltonian describes fractal energy spectrum structure, know as Hofstadter's
butterfly. These results suggest that the Langlands program has many physically
realistic meanings.


  Colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets combine weak lateral confinement with
strong Coulomb interactions, enhanced by dielectric confinement. When the
platelets are charged with carriers of the same sign, this results in severe
Coulomb repulsions which shape the electronic structure. To illustrate this
point, the shell filling of type-I (CdSe/CdS) and type-II (CdSe/CdTe)
core/crown nanoplatelets with up to 4 electrons or holes is investigated
theoretically. We find that Coulomb repulsions enable addition energies
exceeding room temperature thermal energy and promote the occupation of
high-spin states. For charged excitons and biexcitons in CdSe/CdTe
nanoplatelets, the repulsions further give rise to multi-peaked emission
spectra with widely tunable (over 100 meV) energy, and a transition from
type-II to quasi-type-II band profile as the number of electrons confined in
the core increases. We conclude that the number of excess carriers injected in
nanoplatelets is a versatile degree of freedom to modulate their magnetic and
optoelectronic properties.


  A recent experiment by P. Bordia et al. (Periodically Driving a Many Body
Localized Quantum System, Nat Phys, Jan 2017) has demonstrated that
periodically modulating the potential of a localised many-body quantum system
described by the Aubry-Andr\'e Hamiltonian with on-site interactions can lead
to a many-body localisation-delocalisation transition, provided the modulation
amplitude is big enough. Here, we consider the noninteracting counterpart of
that model in order to explore its phase diagram as a function of the strength
of the disordered potential, the driving frequency and its amplitude. We will
first of all mimic the experimental procedure of the experiment and use the
even-odd sites imbalance as a parameter in order to discern between different
phases. Then we compute the Floquet eigenstates and relate the
localisation-delocalisation transition to their Inverse Participation Ratio.
Both these approaches show that the delocalisation transition occurs for
frequencies that are low compared to the bandwidth of the time independent
model. Moreover, in agreement with the results of the experiment there is an
amplitude threshold below which no delocalisation transition occurs. We
estimate both the critical values for the frequency and the amplitude.


  We study numerically the influence of disorder and localization effects on
the local spectroscopic characteristics and infrared optical properties of
$\mbox{Ga}_{1-x}\mbox{Mn}_x\mbox{As}$. We treat the band structure and disorder
effects at an equal level by using exact diagonalization supercell simulation
method. This method accurately describes the low doping limit and gives a clear
picture of the transition to higher dopings, which captures the localization
effects inaccessible to other theoretical methods commonly used. Our
simulations capture the rich mid-gap localized states observed in scanning
tunneling microscopy studies and reproduce the observed features of the
infrared optical absorption experiments. We show clear evidence of a disordered
valence band model for metallic samples in which (i) there is no impurity band
detached from the valence band, (ii) the disorder tends to localize and pull
states near the top of the valence band into the gap region, and (iii) the
Fermi energy is located deep in the delocalized region away from the mobility
edge. We identify localized states deep in the gap region by visualizing the
probability distribution of the quasiparticles and connecting it to their
respective participation ratios. The analysis of the infrared-optical
absorption data indicates that it does not have a direct relation to the nature
of the states at the Fermi energy.


  We study the analog of semi-separable integral kernels in $\cH$ of the type
{equation*} K(x,x')={cases} F_1(x)G_1(x'), & a<x'< x< b, \\ F_2(x)G_2(x'), &
a<x<x'<b, {cases} {equation*} where $-\infty\leq a<b\leq \infty$, and for a.e.\
$x \in (a,b)$, $F_j (x) \in \cB_2(\cH_j,\cH)$ and $G_j(x) \in \cB_2(\cH,\cH_j)$
such that $F_j(\cdot)$ and $G_j(\cdot)$ are uniformly measurable, and
{equation*} \|F_j(\cdot)\|_{\cB_2(\cH_j,\cH)} \in L^2((a,b)), \; \|G_j
(\cdot)\|_{\cB_2(\cH,\cH_j)} \in L^2((a,b)), \quad j=1,2, {equation*} with
$\cH$ and $\cH_j$, $j=1,2$, complex, separable Hilbert spaces. Assuming that
$K(\cdot, \cdot)$ generates a trace class operator $\bsK$ in $L^2((a,b);\cH)$,
we derive the analog of the Jost-Pais reduction theory that succeeds in proving
that the Fredholm determinant ${\det}_{L^2((a,b);\cH)}(\bsI - \alpha \bsK)$,
$\alpha \in \bbC$, naturally reduces to appropriate Fredholm determinants in
the Hilbert spaces $\cH$ (and $\cH_1 \oplus \cH_2$).
  Explicit applications of this reduction theory are made to Schr\"odinger
operators with suitable bounded operator-valued potentials. In addition, we
provide an alternative approach to a fundamental trace formula first
established by Pushnitski which leads to a Fredholm index computation of a
certain model operator.


  Photonic integrated circuits are indispensible for data transmission within
modern datacenters and pervade into multiple application spheres traditionally
limited for bulk optics, such as LiDAR and biosensing. Of particular interest
are ferroelectrics such as Lithium Niobate, which exhibit a large
electro-optical Pockels effect enabling ultrafast and efficient modulation, but
are difficult to process via dry etching . For this reason, etching tightly
confining waveguides - routinely achieved in silicon or silicon nitride - has
not been possible. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) was discovered in the 1950s and is
a material that exhibits an amorphous phase, excellent hardness, and the
ability to be deposited in nano-metric thin films. It has excellent thermal,
mechanical, and electrical properties, making it an ideal protective coating.
Here we demonstrate that DLC is also a superior material for the manufacturing
of next-generation photonic integrated circuits based on ferroelectrics,
specifically Lithium Niobate on insulator (LNOI). Using DLC as a hard mask, we
demonstrate the fabrication of deeply etched, tightly confining, low loss
photonic integrated circuits with losses as low as 5.6 dB/m. In contrast to
widely employed ridge waveguides, this approach benefits from a more than 1
order of magnitude higher area integration density while maintaining efficient
electro-optical modulation, low loss, and offering a route for efficient
optical fiber interfaces. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a frequency
agile hybrid integrated III-V Lithium Niobate based laser with kHz linewidth
and tuning rate of 0.7 Peta-Hertz per second with excellent linearity and
CMOS-compatible driving voltage. Our approach can herald a new generation of
tightly confining ferroelectric photonic integrated circuits.


  A study of certain symplectic $4$-orbifolds with vanishing canonical class is
initiated. We show that for any such symplectic $4$-orbifold $X$, there is a
canonically constructed symplectic $4$-orbifold $Y$, together with a cyclic
orbifold covering $Y\rightarrow X$, such that $Y$ has at most isolated Du Val
singularities and a trivial orbifold canonical line bundle. The minimal
resolution of $Y$, to be denoted by $\tilde{Y}$, is a symplectic Calabi-Yau
$4$-manifold endowed with a natural symplectic finite cyclic action, extending
the deck transformations of the orbifold covering $Y\rightarrow X$.
Furthermore, we show that when $b_1(X)>0$, $\tilde{Y}$ is a $T^2$-bundle over
$T^2$ with symplectic fibers, and when $b_1(X)=0$, $\tilde{Y}$ is either an
integral homology $K3$ surface or a rational homology $T^4$; in the latter
case, the singular set of $X$ is completely classified. To further investigate
the topology of $X$, we introduce a general successive symplectic blowing-down
procedure, which may be of independent interest. Under suitable assumptions,
the procedure allows us to successively blow down a given symplectic rational
$4$-manifold to $CP^2$, during which process we can canonically transform a
given configuration of symplectic surfaces to a "symplectic arrangement" of
pseudoholomorphic curves in $CP^2$. The procedure is reversible; by a sequence
of successive blowing-ups in the reversing order, one can recover the original
configuration of symplectic surfaces up to a smooth isotopy.


  For a linear subvariety $M$ of a stratum of meromorphic differentials, we
investigate its closure in the multi-scale compactification constructed by
Bainbridge-Chen-Gendron-Grushevsky-M\"oller. We prove various restrictions on
the type of defining linear equations in period coordinates for $M$ near its
boundary, and prove that the closure is locally a toric variety. As
applications, we give a fundamentally new proof of a generalization of the
cylinder deformation theorem of Wright to the case of meromorphic strata, and
construct a smooth compactification of the Hurwitz space of covers of the
Riemann sphere.


  This work studies the role of inter-user device-to-device (D2D) cooperation
for improving physical-layer secret communication in multi-user downlink
systems. It is assumed that there are out-of-band D2D channels, on each of
which a selected legitimate user transmits an amplified version of the received
downlink signal to other legitimate users. A key technical challenge for
designing such systems is that eavesdroppers can overhear downlink as well as
D2D cooperation signals. We tackle the problem of jointly optimizing the
downlink precoding, artificial noise covariance, and amplification coefficients
that maximize the minimum rate. An iterative alternating optimization algorithm
is proposed based on the matrix fractional programming. Numerical results
confirm the performance gains of the proposed D2D cooperation scheme compared
to benchmark secret communication schemes.


  We present recent developments in the application of exact amplitude-based
resummation methods in the confrontation between precision theory and recent
experimental results. As a consequence, we argue that these methods open the
way to 1\% total theoretical precision in LHC and FCC physics when realized via
MC event generators.


  Recent developments in fractional quantum Hall (FQH) physics highlight the
importance of studying FQH phases of particles partially occupying energy bands
that are not Landau levels. FQH phases in the regime of strong lattice effects,
called fractional Chern insulators, provide one setting for such studies. As
the strength of lattice effects vanishes, the bands of generic lattice models
asymptotically approach Landau levels. In this article, we construct lattice
models for single-particle bands that are distinct from Landau levels even in
this continuum limit. We describe how the distinction between such bands and
Landau levels is quantified by band geometry over the magnetic Brillouin zone
and reflected in the electromagnetic response. We analyze the
localization-delocalization transition in one such model and compute a
localization length exponent of 2.57(3). Moreover, we study interactions
projected to these bands and find signatures of bosonic and fermionic Laughlin
states. Most pertinently, our models allow us to isolate conditions for optimal
band geometry and gain further insight into the stability of FQH phases on
lattices.


  Recent studies have highlighted the promising application of NeRF in
autonomous driving contexts. However, the complexity of outdoor environments,
combined with the restricted viewpoints in driving scenarios, complicates the
task of precisely reconstructing scene geometry. Such challenges often lead to
diminished quality in reconstructions and extended durations for both training
and rendering. To tackle these challenges, we present Lightning NeRF. It uses
an efficient hybrid scene representation that effectively utilizes the geometry
prior from LiDAR in autonomous driving scenarios. Lightning NeRF significantly
improves the novel view synthesis performance of NeRF and reduces computational
overheads. Through evaluations on real-world datasets, such as KITTI-360,
Argoverse2, and our private dataset, we demonstrate that our approach not only
exceeds the current state-of-the-art in novel view synthesis quality but also
achieves a five-fold increase in training speed and a ten-fold improvement in
rendering speed. Codes are available at
https://github.com/VISION-SJTU/Lightning-NeRF .


  The short distance potentials between heavy SU(3) and SU(4) sources are
calculated by increasing the role of vortex fluxes piercing Wilson loops with
contributions close to the trivial center element and by fluctuating the vortex
core size in the model of thick center vortices. By this method, a Coulombic
potential consistent with Casimir scaling is obtained. In addition, all other
features of the potential including a linear intermediate potential in
agreement with Casimir scaling and a large distance potential proportional to
the $N$-ality of the representation are restored. Therefore, the model of thick
center vortices may be used as a phenomenological model, which is able to
describe the potential for all regimes.


  A non-associative Groenewold-Moyal plane is constructed using
quaternion-valued function algebras. The symmetrized multi-particle states, the
scalar product, the annihilation/creation algebra and d the formulation in
terms of a Hopf algebra are also developed. Non-associative quantum algebras in
terms of position and momentum operators are given as the simplest examples of
a framework whose applications may involve string theory and non-linear quantum
field theory


  We present the analysis of Halpha3, an Halpha imaging survey of galaxies
selected from the HI ALFALFA Survey in the Coma Supercluster. By using the
Halpha line as a tracer of the "instantaneous" star formation, complemented
with optical colors from SDSS we explore the hypothesis that a morphological
sequence of galaxies of progressively earlier type, lower gas-content exists in
the neighborhood of the Coma cluster, with specific star formation activity
decreasing with increasing local galaxy density and velocity dispersion. In the
dwarf regime (8.5<\log(M*)< 9.5) we identify a 4-step sequence of galaxies with
progressively redder colors, i.e. of decreasing specific star formation, from
(1) HI-rich Late-Type Galaxies belonging to the blue-cloud exhibiting extended
plus nuclear star formation, (2) HI-poor LTGs with nuclear star formation only,
(3) HI-poor galaxies with no star formation either extended or nuclear, but
with nuclear Post-Star-Burst signature,(4) Early-type Galaxies in the
red-sequence, with no gas or star formation on all scales. Along this sequence
the quenching of the star formation proceeds radially outside-in. The
progression toward redder colors found along this "morphological" (gas content)
sequence is comparable to the one obtained increasing the local galaxy density,
from the cosmic filaments (1,2), to the rich clusters (2,3,4). In the dwarf
regime we find evidence for evolution of HI-rich LTGs into ETGs, passing
through HI-poor and PSB galaxies, driven by the environment. We identify
ram-pressure as the mechanism most likely responsible for this transformation.
We conclude that infall of low-mass galaxies has proceeded for the last 7.5 Gyr
building up the Coma cluster at a rate of approximately 100 galaxies per Gyr.


  We reformulate the left-right gauge model of Pati-Mohapatra in the framework
of nonassociative geometry. At the tree level we obtain the same mixing angles
as the ones predicted by SO(10) GUT. However the model does not show the parity
breakdown.


  In this paper, we consider a sensor placement problem where sensors can move
within a network over time. Sensor placement problem aims to select K sensor
positions from N candidates where K < N. Most existing methods assume that
sensor positions are static, i.e., they do not move, however, many mobile
sensors like drones, robots, and vehicles can change their positions over time.
Moreover, underlying measurement conditions could also be changed, which are
difficult to cover with statically placed sensors. We tackle the problem by
allowing the sensors to change their positions in their neighbors on the
network. We sequentially learn the dictionary from a pool of observed signals
on the network based on graph sampling theory. Using the learned dictionary, we
dynamically determine the sensor positions such that the non-observed signals
on the network can be best recovered from the observations. In experiments, we
validate the effectiveness of the proposed method via the mean squared error
(MSE) of the reconstructed signals. The proposed dynamic sensor placement
outperforms the existing static ones for both synthetic and real data.


  The thermoelectric properties of 1.6 nm-thick Si square nanowires with [100]
crystalline orientation are calculated over a wide temperature range from 0 K
to 1000 K, taking into account atomistic electron-phonon interaction. In our
model, the [010] and [001] facets are passivated by hydrogen and there are
Si-Si dimers on the nanowire surface. The electronic structure was calculated
by using the sp^3 spin-orbit-coupled atomistic second-nearest-neighbor
tight-binding model. The phonon dispersion was calculated from a valence force
field model of the Brenner type. A scheme for calculating electron-phonon
matrix elements from a second-nearest neighbor tight-binding model is
presented. Based on Fermi's golden rule, the electron-phonon transition rate
was obtained by combining the electron and phonon eigenstates. Both elastic and
inelastic scattering processes are taken into consideration. The temperature
dependence of transport characteristics was calculated by using a solution of
linearized Boltzmann transport equation obtained by means of the iterative
Orthomin method. At room temperature, the electron mobility is 195 cm^2/(Vs)
and increases with temperature, while a figure-of-mertit ZT=0.38 is reached for
n-type doping with a concentration of n=10^19 cm^-3.


  We present evolutionary calculations for 74 close binaries systems with
initial primary masses in the range 12...25 M_sun, and initial secondary masses
between 6 and 24 M_sun. The initial periods were chosen such that mass overflow
starts during the core hydrogen burning phase of the primary (Case A), or
shortly thereafter (Case B). We assume conservative evolution for contact-free
systems, i.e., no mass or angular momentum loss from those system except due to
stellar winds. We investigate the borderline between contact-free evolution and
contact, as a function of the initial system parameters. We also investigate
the effect of the treatment of convection, and found it relevant for contact
and supernova order in Case A systems, particularly for the highest considered
masses. For Case B systems we find contact for initial periods above
approximate 10 days and below. However, in that case (and for not too large
periods) contact occurs only after the mass ratio has been reversed, due to the
increased fraction of the donor's convective envelope. As most In all Cases we
find contact for mass ratios below approximate 0.65. We derive the observable
properties of our systems after the major mass transfer event, where the mass
gainer is a main sequence or supergiant O or early B type star, and the mass
loser is a helium star. We point out that the assumption of conservative
evolution for contact-free systems could be tested by finding helium star
companions to O stars.


  In this paper, we study the problem of minimizing a sum of smooth and
strongly convex functions split over the nodes of a network in a decentralized
fashion. We propose the algorithm $ESDACD$, a decentralized accelerated
algorithm that only requires local synchrony. Its rate depends on the condition
number $\kappa$ of the local functions as well as the network topology and
delays. Under mild assumptions on the topology of the graph, $ESDACD$ takes a
time $O((\tau_{\max} +
\Delta_{\max})\sqrt{{\kappa}/{\gamma}}\ln(\epsilon^{-1}))$ to reach a precision
$\epsilon$ where $\gamma$ is the spectral gap of the graph, $\tau_{\max}$ the
maximum communication delay and $\Delta_{\max}$ the maximum computation time.
Therefore, it matches the rate of $SSDA$, which is optimal when $\tau_{\max} =
\Omega\left(\Delta_{\max}\right)$. Applying $ESDACD$ to quadratic local
functions leads to an accelerated randomized gossip algorithm of rate $O(
\sqrt{\theta_{\rm gossip}/n})$ where $\theta_{\rm gossip}$ is the rate of the
standard randomized gossip. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first
asynchronous gossip algorithm with a provably improved rate of convergence of
the second moment of the error. We illustrate these results with experiments in
idealized settings.


  We prove that if $\mu$ is a self-affine measure in the plane whose defining
IFS acts totally irreducibly on $\mathbb{RP}^1$ and satisfies an exponential
separation condition, then its dimension is equal to its Lyapunov dimension. We
also treat a class of reducible systems. This extends our previous work on the
subject with B\'ar\'any to the overlapping case.


  The visualization advantages of ternary plots are illustrated for the PMNS
neutrino mixing matrix. Unitarity constraints are incorporated automatically,
in part, since barycentric plots of this type allow three variables with a
fixed sum to be plotted as mere points inside an equilateral triangle on a
plane.


  Is it possible to predict the motivation of players just by observing their
gameplay data? Even if so, how should we measure motivation in the first place?
To address the above questions, on the one end, we collect a large dataset of
gameplay data from players of the popular game Tom Clancy's The Division. On
the other end, we ask them to report their levels of competence, autonomy,
relatedness and presence using the Ubisoft Perceived Experience Questionnaire.
After processing the survey responses in an ordinal fashion we employ
preference learning methods based on support vector machines to infer the
mapping between gameplay and the reported four motivation factors. Our key
findings suggest that gameplay features are strong predictors of player
motivation as the best obtained models reach accuracies of near certainty, from
92% up to 94% on unseen players.


  Our recent study suggested that a fully classical mechanical approximation of
the two-fluid model of superfluid helium-4 based on smoothed-particle
hydrodynamics (SPH) is equivalent to solving a many-body quantum mechanical
equation under specific conditions. This study further verifies the existence
of this equivalence. First, we derived the SPH form of the motion equation for
the superfluid component of the two-fluid model, i.e., the motion equation
driven by the chemical potential gradient obtained using the Gibbs-Duhem
equation. We then derived the SPH form of the motion equation for condensates
based on the Gross-Pitaevskii theory, i.e., the motion equation driven by the
chemical potential gradient obtained from the Schrodinger equation of
interacting bosons. Following this, we compared the two discretized equations.
Consequently, we discovered that a condition maintaining zero internal energy
for each fluid particle ensures the equivalence of the equations when the
quantum pressure is negligible. Moreover, their equivalence holds even when the
quantum pressure is nonnegligible if the quantum pressure gradient force equals
the mutual friction force. A zero internal energy indicates the thermodynamic
ground state, which includes an elementary excitation state. Therefore, the
condition can be sufficiently satisfied when the velocities of fluid particles
do not exceed the Landau critical velocity, which is not a stringent condition
for simulations with a characteristic velocity of a few cms-1 in a laboratory
system. Based on the above, we performed a simulation of rotating liquid
helium-4 and succeeded in generating a vortex lattice with quantized
circulation, known as a quantum lattice.


  Distributed control of multi-inverter microgrids has attracted considerable
attention as it can achieve the combined goals of flexible plug-and-play
architecture guaranteeing frequency and voltage regulation while preserving
power sharing among nonidentical distributed energy resources (DERs). However,
it turns out that cybersecurity has emerged as a serious concern in distributed
control schemes. Inspired by quantum communication developments and their
security advantages, this paper devises a scalable quantum distributed
controller that can guarantee synchronization, and power sharing among DERs.
The key innovation lies in the fact that the new quantum distributed scheme
allows for exchanging secret information directly through quantum channels
among the participating DERs, making microgrids inherently cybersecure. Case
studies on two ac and dc microgrids verify the efficacy of the new quantum
distributed control strategy.


  We present the first results of ChaMP X-ray source properties obtained from
the initial sample of 62 observations. The data have been uniformly reduced and
analyzed with techniques specifically developed for the ChaMP and then
validated by visual examination. Utilizing only near on-axis, bright X-ray
sources (to avoid problems caused by incompleteness and the Eddington bias), we
derive the Log(N)-Log(S) relation in soft (0.5-2 keV) and hard (2-8 keV) energy
bands. The ChaMP data are consistent with previous results of ROSAT, ASCA and
Chandra deep surveys. In particular, our data nicely fill in the flux gap in
the hard band between the Chandra Deep Field data and the previous ASCA data.
We check whether there is any systematic difference in the source density
between cluster and non-cluster fields and also search for field-to-field
variations, both of which have been previously reported. We found no
significant field-to-field cosmic variation in either test within the
statistics (~1 sigma) across the flux levels included in our sample. In the
X-ray color-color plot, most sources fall in the location characterized by
photon index = 1.5-2 and NH = a few x 10^20 cm^2, suggesting that they are
typical broad-line AGNs. There also exist a considerable number of sources with
peculiar X-ray colors (e.g., highly absorbed, very hard, very soft). We confirm
a trend that on average the X-ray color hardens as the count rate decreases.
Since the hardening is confined to the softest energy band (0.3-0.9 keV), we
conclude it is most likely due to absorption. We cross-correlate the X-ray
sources with other catalogs and describe their properties in terms of optical
color, X-ray-to-optical luminosity ratio and X-ray colors.


  Term modal logics (TML) are modal logics with unboundedly many modalities,
with quantification over modal indices, so that we can have formulas of the
form $\exists y. \forall x. (\Box_x P(x,y) \supset\Diamond_y P(y,x))$. Like
First order modal logic, TML is also "notoriously" undecidable, in the sense
that even very simple fragments are undecidable. In this paper, we show the
decidability of one interesting fragment, that of two variable TML. This is in
contrast to two-variable First order modal logic, which is undecidable.


  Let G be a split semi-simple p-adic group and let H be its Iwahori-Hecke
algebra with coefficients in the algebraic closure k of the finite field with p
elements. Let F be the affine flag variety over k associated with G. We show,
in the simply connected simple case, that a torus-equivariant K'-theory of F
(with coefficients in k) admits an H-action by Demazure operators and that this
provides a model for the regular representation of H.


  The relation between Wilson and para-Racah polynomials and representations of
the degenerate rational Sklyanin algebra is established. Second order Heun
operators on quadratic grids with no diagonal terms are determined. These
special or S-Heun operators lead to the rational degeneration of the Sklyanin
algebra; they also entail the contiguity and structure operators of the Wilson
polynomials. The finite-dimensional restriction yields a representation that
acts on the para-Racah polynomials.


  Zipf's law can be used to describe the rank-size distribution of cities in a
region. It was seldom employed to research urban internal structure. In this
paper, we demonstrate that the space-filling process within a city follows
Zipf's law and can be characterized with the rank-size rule. A model of spatial
disaggregation of urban space is presented to depict the spatial regularity of
urban growth. By recursive subdivision of space, an urban region can be
geometrically divided into two parts, four parts, eight parts, and so on, and
form a hierarchy with cascade structure. If we rank these parts by size, the
portions will conform to the Zipf distribution. By means of GIS technique and
remote sensing data, the model of recursive subdivision of urban space is
applied to three cities of China. The results show that the intra-urban
hierarchy complies with Zipf's law, and the values of the rank-size scaling
exponent are very close to 1. The significance of this study lies in three
aspects. First, it shows that the strict subdivision of space is an efficient
approach to revealing spatial order of urban form. Second, it discloses the
relationships between urban space-filling process and the rank-size rule.
Third, it suggests a new way of understanding fractals, Zipf's law, and spatial
organization of urban evolution.


  Thermal convection of fluid is a more efficient way than diffusion to carry
heat from hot sources to cold places. Here, we experimentally study the
Rayleigh-B\'enard convection of aqueous glycerol solution in a cubic cell with
suspensions of rod-like particles made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The
particles are inertial due to their large thermal expansion coefficient and
finite sizes. The thermal expansion coefficient of the particles is three times
larger than that of the background fluid. This contrast makes the suspended
particles lighter than the local fluid in hot regions and heavier in cold
regions. The heat transport is enhanced at relatively large Rayleigh number
($Ra$) but reduced at small $Ra$. We demonstrate that the increase of Nusselt
number arises from the particle-boundary layer interactions: the particles act
as ``active'' mixers of the flow and temperature fields across the boundary
layers.


  The magnetic excitations in ferromagnetic SrRuO$_3$ were studied by inelastic
neutron scattering combining experiments on triple-axis and time-of-flight
spectrometers with and without polarization analysis. A quadratic spin-wave
dispersion with an anisotropy gap describes the low-energy low-temperature
response. The magnon dispersion extends to at least 35 meV and there is no
direct evidence for a continuum of Stoner excitations below this energy.
However, the magnon response is weakened at higher energy. In addition to the
anomalous softening of the spin-wave stiffness and of the gap, which is induced
by the topology of the Bloch states, the magnon excitations are broadened in
energy and this effect increases upon heating.


  A nilpotent orbit $O$ of a complex semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ has
finite fundamental group. Associated with an etale cover of $O$, we have a
finite cover of the closure $\bar{O}$ of $O$. In this article we consider the
finite cover X associated with the universal cover of a nilpotent orbit $O$ of
a classical simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. We construct explicitly a
Q-factorial terminalization of X in a group theoretic way.


  We present a class of non-Gaussian two-mode continuous variable states for
which the separability criterion for Gaussian states can be employed to detect
whether they are separable or not. These states reduce to the two-mode Gaussian
states as a special case.


  Sentence splitting is a major simplification operator. Here we present a
simple and efficient splitting algorithm based on an automatic semantic parser.
After splitting, the text is amenable for further fine-tuned simplification
operations. In particular, we show that neural Machine Translation can be
effectively used in this situation. Previous application of Machine Translation
for simplification suffers from a considerable disadvantage in that they are
over-conservative, often failing to modify the source in any way. Splitting
based on semantic parsing, as proposed here, alleviates this issue. Extensive
automatic and human evaluation shows that the proposed method compares
favorably to the state-of-the-art in combined lexical and structural
simplification.


  Scalar fields aptly describe equation of state of dark energy. The scalar
field models were initially proposed to circumvent the fine tuning problem of
cosmological constant. However, the model parameters also need a fine tuning of
their own and it is important to use different observations to determine these
parameters. In this paper, we use a combination of low redshift data to
constrain the low redshift evolution of canonical scalar field parameters. For
this analysis, we use the Supernova Type Ia observations, the Baryon Acoustic
Observations and the Hubble parameter measurement data. We consider scalar
field models of the thawing type of two different functional forms of
potentials. The constraints on the model parameters are more stringent than
those from earlier observations although these datasets do not rule out the
models entirely. The parameters which let dark energy dynamics closely emulate
that of a cosmological constant are preferred. The constraints on the
parameters are suitable priors for further quintessence dark energy studies.


  We prove that if lambda is a strong limit singular cardinal and kappa a
regular uncountable cardinal < lambda, then NS_{kappa lambda}, the
non-stationary ideal over P_{kappa} lambda, is nowhere precipitous. We also
show that under the same hypothesis every stationary subset of P_{kappa} lambda
can be partitioned into lambda^{< kappa} disjoint stationary sets.


  A partial geometry $S$ admitting an abelian Singer group $G$ is called of
rigid type if all lines of $S$ have a trivial stabilizer in $G$. In this paper,
we show that if a partial geometry of rigid type has fewer than $1000000$
points it must be the Van Lint-Schrijver geometry or be a hypothetical geometry
with 1024 or 4096 or 194481 points, which provides evidence that partial
geometries of rigid type are very rare. Along the way we also exclude an
infinite set of parameters that originally seemed very promising for the
construction of partial geometries of rigid type (as it contains the Van
Lint-Schrijver parameters as its smallest case and one of the other cases we
cannot exclude as the second member of this parameter family). We end the paper
with a conjecture on this type of geometries.


  $K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ final states are studied using a sample of
$14\times10^6$ $\psi(2S)$ decays collected with the Beijing Spectrometer
(BESII) at the Beijing Electron-Position Collider. The branching fractions of
$\psi(2S)$ decays to $ K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$, $\omega K^+ K^-$, $\omega
f_0(1710)$, $ K^{\ast}(892)^0 K^- \pi^+\pi^0+c.c.$, $K^{\ast}(892)^{+} K^-
\pi^+\pi^- +c.c.$, $K^{\ast}(892)^{+} K^- \rho^0+c.c.$ and $K^{\ast}(892)^0
K^-\rho^+ + c.c.$ are determined. The first two agree with previous
measurements, and the last five are first measurements.


  Point contact spectroscopy measurements have been performed on Nb/PdNi
bilayers in which the thickness of the Nb layer, dNb, was kept constant to 40
nm while the thickness of PdNi, dPdNi, was changed from 2 nm to 9 nm. Features
related to the superconducting gap induced in the ferromagnet have been
observed in the dV/dI versus V curves. These structures show a non-monotonic
behaviour as a function of dPdNi as a consequence of the damped oscillatory
behaviour of the superconducting order parameter in the ferromagnetic layer.


  We discuss the production of forward jets in high energy processes where one
probes a dense hadronic wavefunction. In particular, and as a signature of
parton saturation, we discuss the possibility of a strong momentum
decorrelation in Mueller-Navelet jets which leads to a geometric scaling
behavior.


  Memory vulnerabilities are a major threat to many computing systems. To
effectively thwart spatial and temporal memory vulnerabilities, full logical
memory safety is required. However, current mitigation techniques for memory
safety are either too expensive or trade security against efficiency. One
promising attempt to detect memory safety vulnerabilities in hardware is memory
coloring, a security policy deployed on top of tagged memory architectures.
However, due to the memory storage and bandwidth overhead of large tags,
commodity tagged memory architectures usually only provide small tag sizes,
thus limiting their use for security applications. Irrespective of logical
memory safety, physical memory safety is a necessity in hostile environments
prevalent for modern cloud computing and IoT devices. Architectures from Intel
and AMD already implement transparent memory encryption to maintain
confidentiality and integrity of all off-chip data. Surprisingly, the
combination of both, logical and physical memory safety, has not yet been
extensively studied in previous research, and a naive combination of both
security strategies would accumulate both overheads. In this paper, we propose
CrypTag, an efficient hardware/software co-design mitigating a large class of
logical memory safety issues and providing full physical memory safety. At its
core, CrypTag utilizes a transparent memory encryption engine not only for
physical memory safety, but also for memory coloring at hardly any additional
costs. The design avoids any overhead for tag storage by embedding memory
colors in the upper bits of a pointer and using these bits as an additional
input for the memory encryption. A custom compiler extension automatically
leverages CrypTag to detect logical memory safety issues for commodity programs
and is fully backward compatible.


  Query answering in Answer Set Programming (ASP) is usually solved by
computing (a subset of) the cautious consequences of a logic program. This task
is computationally very hard, and there are programs for which computing
cautious consequences is not viable in reasonable time. However, current ASP
solvers produce the (whole) set of cautious consequences only at the end of
their computation. This paper reports on strategies for computing cautious
consequences, also introducing anytime algorithms able to produce sound answers
during the computation.


  We prove a dynamical wave trace formula for asymptotically hyperbolic (n+1)
dimensional manifolds with negative (but not necessarily constant) sectional
curvatures which equates the renormalized wave trace to the lengths of closed
geodesics. A corollary of this dynamical trace formula is a dynamical
resonance-wave trace formula for compact perturbations of convex co-compact
hyperbolic manifolds which we use to prove a growth estimate for the length
spectrum counting function. We next define a dynamical zeta function and prove
its analyticity in a half plane. In our main result, we produce a prime orbit
theorem for the geodesic flow. This is the first such result for manifolds
which have neither constant curvature nor finite volume. As a corollary to the
prime orbit theorem, using our dynamical resonance-wave trace formula, we show
that the existence of pure point spectrum for the Laplacian on negatively
curved compact perturbations of convex co-compact hyperbolic manifolds is
related to the dynamics of the geodesic flow.


  Let $C_{m}$ be a cycle with length $m.$ The $k$-uniform hypercycle with
length $m$ obtained by adding $k-2$ new vertices in every edge of $C_{m},$
denoted by $C_{m,k}.$ In this paper, we obtain some trace formulas of uniform
hypercycles with length four. Moreover, we give the characteristic polynomials
of uniform hypercycles with length four.


  The published properties of M1-78 are discussed with the purpose to resolve
the object's classification as either a planetary nebula or an ultracompact HII
region. A classification as a planetary nebula is rejected primarily because of
the high luminosity of the object, but because of the chemical composition and
expansion velocity of the nebula, a novel classification is proposed instead:
that of an ultracompact HII region with a post-main sequence central star
(possibly a WN star). It must therefore follow that observable ultracompact HII
regions persist beyond the main sequence lifetimes of at least some massive
stars, and so cannot be transient phenomena that are seen only during pre-main
sequence or early main sequence evolution.


  T Cha is a young star surrounded by a transitional disk with signatures of
planet formation. We have obtained high-resolution and high-sensitivity ALMA
observations of T Cha in the ${\rm CO}(3$--$2)$, ${\rm ^{13}CO}(3$--$2)$, and
${\rm CS}(7$--$6)$ emission lines to reveal the spatial distribution of the
gaseous disk around the star. In order to study the dust within the disk we
have also obtained continuum images at 850$\mu$m from the line-free channels.
We have spatially resolved the outer disk around T Cha. Using the CO(3-2)
emission we derive a radius of $\sim$230 AU. We also report the detection of
the $^{13}$CO(3-2) and the CS(7-8) molecular emissions, which show smaller
radii than the CO(3-2) detection. The continuum observations at 850$\mu$m allow
the spatial resolution of the dusty disk, which shows two emission bumps
separated by $\sim$40AU, consistent with the presence of a dust gap in the
inner regions of the disk, and an outer radius of $\sim$80AU. Therefore, T Cha
is surrounded by a compact dusty disk and a larger and more diffuse gaseous
disk, as previously observed in other young stars. The continuum intensity
profiles are different at both sides of the disk suggesting possible dust
asymmetries. We derive an inclination of i(deg)=67$\pm$5, and a position angle
of PA (deg)= 113$\pm$6, for both the gas and dust disks. The comparison of the
ALMA data with radiative transfer models shows that the gas and dust components
can only be simultaneously reproduced when we include a tapered edge
prescription for the surface density profile. The best model suggests that most
of the disk mass is placed within a radius of $R<$ 50AU. Finally, we derive a
dynamical mass for the central object of $M_{*}$=1.5$\pm$0.2M$_{\odot}$,
comparable to the one estimated with evolutionary models for an age of
$\sim$10Myr.


  Correlation between the rms nucleus charge radius and their deformation,
isospin asymmetry, mass and charge numbers are presented. Four parameters
radius parametrization formula is proposed. Ratio of experimental to
theoretical value distribution exhibit variation equal to 0.0044, i.e. it
corresponds to the vaule of experimental errors. Observed correlations can
impose interesting constraints on the form of the nuclear equation of state.


  This paper questions how to approach threat modelling in the automotive
domain at both an abstract level that features no domain-specific entities such
as the CAN bus and, separately, at a detailed level. It addresses such
questions by contributing a systematic method that is currently affected by the
analyst's subjectivity because most of its inner operations are only defined
informally. However, this potential limitation is overcome when candidate
threats are identified and left to everyone's scrutiny. The systematic method
is demonstrated on the established LINDDUN threat modelling methodology with
respect to 4 pivotal works on privacy threat modelling in automotive. As a
result, 8 threats that the authors deem not representable in LINDDUN are
identified and suggested as possible candidate extensions to LINDDUN. Also, 56
threats are identified providing a detailed, automotive-specific model of
threats.


  We consider Kaluza-Klein dark matter from latticized universal dimensions. We
motivate and investigate two different lattice models, where the models differ
in the choice of boundary conditions. The models reproduce relevant features of
the continuum model for Kaluza-Klein dark matter. For the model with simple
boundary conditions, this is the case even for a model with only a few lattice
sites. We study the effects of the latticization on the differential flux of
positrons from Kaluza-Klein dark matter annihilation in the galactic halo. We
find that for different choices of the compactification radius, the
differential positron flux rapidly converges to the continuum model results as
a function of the number of lattice sites. In addition, we consider the
prospects for upcoming space-based experiments such as PAMELA and AMS-02 to
probe the latticization effect.


  Starting from the solution of the Einstein field equations in a static and
spherically symmetric spacetime which contains an isotropic fluid, we construct
a model to represent the interior of compact objects with compactness rate
$u=\frac{GM}{c^2R}<0.23577$. The solution is obtained by imposing the isotropy
condition for the radial and tangential pressures, this generates an ordinary
differential equation of second order for the temporal $g_{tt}$ and radial
$g_{rr}$ metric potentials, which can be solved for a specific function of
$g_{tt}$. The graphic analysis of the solution shows that it is physically
acceptable, that is to say, the density, pressure and speed of sound are
positive, regular and monotonically decreasing functions, also, the solution is
stable due to meeting the criteria of the adiabatic index. When taking the data
of mass $M=1.44^{+0.15}_{-0.14}M_\odot$ and radius $R=13.02^{+1.24}_{-1.06}km$
which corresponds to the estimations of the star PSR J0030+045 we obtain values
of central density $\rho_c=7.5125\times 10^{17} kg/m^3$ for the maximum
compactness $u=0.19628$ and of $\rho_c= 2.8411 \times 10^{17} kg/m^3$ for the
minimum compactness $u=0.13460$, which are consistent with those expected for
this type of stars.