  Benchmark comparisons between many-body methods are performed to assess the
ingredients necessary for an accurate calculation of neutrinoless double beta
decay matrix elements. Shell model and variational Monte Carlo (VMC)
calculations are carried out for $A=10$ and $12$ nuclei. Different variational
wavefunctions are used to evaluate the uncertainties in the {\it ab initio}
calculations, finding fairly small differences between the VMC double beta
decay matrix elements. For shell model calculations, the role of model space
truncation, radial wavefunction choices, and short-range correlation are
investigated and all found to be important. Based on the detailed comparisons
between the VMC and shell model approaches, we conclude that accurate
descriptions of neutrinoless double beta decay matrix elements require a proper
treatment of both long-range and short-range correlations.


  We study the problem of combining the outcomes of several different
classifiers in a way that provides a coherent inference that satisfies some
constraints. In particular, we develop two general approaches for an important
subproblem-identifying phrase structure. The first is a Markovian approach that
extends standard HMMs to allow the use of a rich observation structure and of
general classifiers to model state-observation dependencies. The second is an
extension of constraint satisfaction formalisms. We develop efficient
combination algorithms under both models and study them experimentally in the
context of shallow parsing.


  The formation mechanisms and chemical compositions of brown dwarfs likely
span a diverse range. If they are formed predominantly in isolation by
gravitational collapse like dwarf stars then their compositions might follow
those of dwarf stars, spanning a relatively narrow range in metallicities (~
-0.4 to +0.4 dex) and predominantly oxygen-rich (C/O <~ 0.7). On the other
hand, giant planets in the solar system are all super-solar in metallicity
([C/H] > 0.5~dex), which is thought to be a consequence of formation by
core-accretion in a circumstellar disk. In this study we determine the
atmospheric chemical compositions of three brown dwarfs and find them to be
neither characteristic of dwarf stars nor giant planets. We derive
high-precision atmospheric chemical abundances using high-S/N HST near-infrared
spectra of three mid T Dwarfs which, together with two previously studied
objects, display distinctly sub-solar metallicities and span C/O ratios of
0.4-1.0. These abundance patterns indicate either an old sub-stellar population
and a multitude of formation environments or objects formed in circumstellar
disks followed by ejection later. We show that for a simple synthetic model
population of brown dwarfs with the same spectral-type as our sample the
predicted age distribution is predominantly older than the Sun and, hence, more
metal poor, consistent with our derived abundances. The diverse C/O ratios we
find are indicative of either different chemical reservoirs in their formation
environments or different formation pathways. Our results open the possibility
that cool brown dwarfs may provide important probes of early galactic chemical
evolution and inhomogeneity.


  In this paper, we present some characterizations of linear mappings, which
preserve vectors at a specific angle. We introduce the concept of
$(\varepsilon, c)$-angle preserving mappings for $|c|<1$ and $0\leq \varepsilon
< 1 + |c|$. In addition, we define $\widehat{\varepsilon}\,(T, c)$ as the
``smallest'' number $\varepsilon$ for which $T$ is $(\varepsilon, c)$-angle
preserving mapping. We state some properties of the function
$\widehat{\varepsilon}\,(., c)$, and then propose an exact formula for
$\widehat{\varepsilon}\,(T, c)$ in terms of the norm $\|T\|$ and the minimum
modulus $[T]$ of $T$. Finally, we characterize the approximately angle
preserving mappings.


  The renormalization of vacuum expectation value parameters, such as $v$ in
the Standard Model (SM), is an important ingredient in electroweak
renormalization, where this issue is connected to the treatment of tadpoles.
Tadpole counterterms can be generated in two different ways in the Lagrangian:
in the course of parameter renormalization, or alternatively via Higgs field
redefinitions. The former typically leads to small corrections originating from
tadpoles, but in general suffers from gauge dependences if MSbar
renormalization conditions are used for mass parameters. The latter is free
from gauge dependences, but is prone to very large corrections in MSbar
schemes, jeopardizing perturbative stability in predictions. In this paper we
propose a new scheme for tadpole renormalization, dubbed Gauge-Invariant Vacuum
expectation value Scheme (GIVS), which is a hybrid scheme of the two mentioned
types, with the benefits of being gauge independent and perturbatively stable.
The GIVS is based on the gauge-invariance property of Higgs fields, and the
corresponding parameters like $v$, in non-linear representations of Higgs
multiplets. We demonstrate the perturbative stability of the GIVS in the SM by
discussing the conversion between on-shell and MSbar renormalized masses.


  This paper addresses some numerical and theoretical aspects of dual Schur
domain decomposition methods for linear first-order transient partial
differential equations. In this work, we consider the trapezoidal family of
schemes for integrating the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for each
subdomain and present four different coupling methods, corresponding to
different algebraic constraints, for enforcing kinematic continuity on the
interface between the subdomains.
  Method 1 (d-continuity) is based on the conventional approach using
continuity of the primary variable and we show that this method is unstable for
a lot of commonly used time integrators including the mid-point rule. To
alleviate this difficulty, we propose a new Method 2 (Modified d-continuity)
and prove its stability for coupling all time integrators in the trapezoidal
family (except the forward Euler). Method 3 (v-continuity) is based on
enforcing the continuity of the time derivative of the primary variable.
However, this constraint introduces a drift in the primary variable on the
interface. We present Method 4 (Baumgarte stabilized) which uses Baumgarte
stabilization to limit this drift and we derive bounds for the stabilization
parameter to ensure stability.
  Our stability analysis is based on the ``energy'' method, and one of the main
contributions of this paper is the extension of the energy method (which was
previously introduced in the context of numerical methods for ODEs) to assess
the stability of numerical formulations for index-2 differential-algebraic
equations (DAEs).


  Eva is a neuro-symbolic domain-independent multimodal collaborative dialogue
system that takes seriously that the purpose of task-oriented dialogue is to
assist the user. To do this, the system collaborates by inferring their
intentions and plans, detects obstacles to success, finds plans to overcome
them or to achieve higher-level goals, and plans its actions, including speech
acts, to help users accomplish those goals. In doing so, the system maintains
and reasons with its own declaratively-specified beliefs, goals and intentions,
and explicitly reasons about those of its user. Because Eva can track different
users' mental states, it can engage multiple agents in multi-party dialogues.
Reasoning is accomplished with a modal Horn-clause meta-interpreter that
enables computable inference within the subset of logic implemented. The system
employs both hierarchical and backward-chaining planning, operating over a rich
modal logic-based knowledge and action representation. The planning and
reasoning subsystems obey the principles of persistent goals and intentions
including: 1) The formation and decomposition of intentions to perform complex
actions, 2) the conditions under which persistent goals and intentions can be
given up, and 3) persistent goal and intention revision using the relativizing
formulas that are created during the planning process. The system treats its
speech acts just like its other actions. This general approach enables Eva to
plan a variety of speech acts, including requests, informs, questions,
confirmations, offers, acceptances, and emotive expressions. Because the
dialogue engine is a planner, as the dialogue proceeds, the system can flexibly
generate, execute, and potentially repair its plans using physical, digital,
and speech actions. Importantly, Eva can explain its utterances because it has
created a plan that caused it to utter them.


  We prove that the slice rank of a 3-tensor (a combinatorial notion introduced
by Tao in the context of the cap-set problem), the analytic rank (a
Fourier-theoretic notion introduced by Gowers and Wolf), and the geometric rank
(an algebro-geometric notion introduced by Kopparty, Moshkovitz, and Zuiddam)
are all equal up to an absolute constant. As a corollary, we obtain strong
trade-offs on the arithmetic complexity of a biased bilinear map, and on the
separation between computing a bilinear map exactly and on average. Our result
settles open questions of Haramaty and Shpilka [STOC 2010], and of Lovett
[Discrete Anal. 2019] for 3-tensors.


  We study $\eta$-deformations of principal chiral model (PCM) from the
viewpoint of a 4D Chern-Simons (CS) theory. The $\eta$-deformed PCM has
originally been derived from the 4D CS theory by Delduc, Lacroix, Magro and
Vicedo [arXiv:1909.13824]. The derivation is based on a twist function in the
rational description. On the other hand, we start with a twist function in the
trigonometric description and discuss possible boundary conditions. We show
that a certain boundary condition reproduces the usual $\eta$-deformed PCM and
another one leads to a new kind of Yang-Baxter deformation.


  We develop a theory for the eigenvalue density of arbitrary non-Hermitian
Euclidean matrices. Closed equations for the resolvent and the eigenvector
correlator are derived. The theory is applied to the random Green's matrix
relevant to wave propagation in an ensemble of point-like scattering centers.
This opens a new perspective in the study of wave diffusion, Anderson
localization, and random lasing.


  One of the longstanding unsolved problems of planet formation is how solid
bodies of a few decimeters in size can "stick" to form large planetesimals.
This is known as the "meter size barrier". In recent years it has become
increasingly clear that some form of "particle trapping" must have played a
role in overcoming the meter size barrier. Particles can be trapped in
long-lived local pressure maxima, such as those in anticyclonic vortices, zonal
flows or those believed to occur near ice lines or at dead zone boundaries.
Such pressure traps are the ideal sites for the formation of planetesimals and
small planetary embryos. Moreover, they likely produce large quantities of such
bodies in a small region, making it likely that subsequent N-body evolution may
lead to even larger planetary embryos. The goal of this Letter is to show that
this indeed happens, and to study how efficient it is. In particular, we wish
to find out if rocky/icy bodies as large as 10 M_earth can form within 1 Myr,
since such bodies are the precursors of gas giant planets in the core accretion
scenario.


  We briefly review the main features in the broad-band colour evolution of
star clusters, over the complete age interval from 10^7 to 10^(10) yr. The
emphasis is in the problem of age-dating distant young clusters (<2 Gyr) from
their integrated colours. It is shown that U-B and B-V are less sensitive to
metallicity than colours involving red pass-bands, like V-I, at least up to
ages of some few Gyr. Since U-B and B-V are determined by well-understood and
well-populated evolutionary stages, they are also less affected by theoretical
uncertainties and by the ubiquitous effect of stochastic colour dispersion. The
latter effects become important for the V-K colour. Thus, we argue that U-B and
B-V are, presently, the more suitable broad-band colours for age-dating distant
clusters. For other potentially useful colours like V-R and V-I, empirical
tests of their evolution are still missing.


  Finding a generally accepted formal definition of a disentangled
representation in the context of an agent behaving in an environment is an
important challenge towards the construction of data-efficient autonomous
agents. Higgins et al. recently proposed Symmetry-Based Disentangled
Representation Learning, a definition based on a characterization of symmetries
in the environment using group theory. We build on their work and make
observations, theoretical and empirical, that lead us to argue that
Symmetry-Based Disentangled Representation Learning cannot only be based on
static observations: agents should interact with the environment to discover
its symmetries. Our experiments can be reproduced in Colab and the code is
available on GitHub.


  We study the vacuum-subtracted von Neumann entropy of a segment on a null
plane. We argue that for interacting quantum field theories in more than two
dimensions, this entropy has a simple expression in terms of the expectation
value of the null components of the stress tensor on the null interval. More
explicitly $\Delta S = 2\pi \int d^{d-2}y \int_0^1 dx^+\, g(x^+)\, \langle
T_{++}\rangle$, where $g(x^+)$ is a theory-dependent function. This function is
constrained by general properties of quantum relative entropy. These
constraints are enough to extend our recent free field proof of the quantum
Bousso bound to the interacting case.
  This unusual expression for the entropy as the expectation value of an
operator implies that the entropy is equal to the modular Hamiltonian, $\Delta
S = \langle \Delta K \rangle $, where $K$ is the operator in the right hand
side. We explain how this equality is compatible with a non-zero value for
$\Delta S$. Finally, we also compute explicitly the function $g(x^+)$ for
theories that have a gravity dual.


  The Python's Lunch conjecture for the complexity of bulk reconstruction
involves two types of nonminimal quantum extremal surfaces (QESs): bulges and
throats, which differ by their local properties. The conjecture relies on the
connection between bulk spatial geometry and quantum codes: a constricting
geometry from bulge to throat encodes the bulk state nonisometrically, and so
requires an exponentially complex Grover search to decode. However, thus far,
the Python's Lunch conjecture is only defined for spacetimes where all QESs are
spacelike-separated from one another. Here we explicitly construct
(time-reflection symmetric) spacetimes featuring both timelike-separated bulges
and timelike-separated throats. Interestingly, all our examples also feature a
third type of QES, locally resembling a de Sitter bifurcation surface, which we
name a bounce. By analyzing the Hessian of generalized entropy at a QES, we
argue that this classification into throats, bulges and bounces is exhaustive.
We then propose an updated Python's Lunch conjecture that can accommodate
general timelike-separated QESs and bounces. Notably, our proposal suggests
that the gravitational analogue of a tensor network is not necessarily the
time-reflection symmetric slice, even when one exists.


  Automated detection of anomalous trajectories is an important problem with
considerable applications in intelligent transportation systems. Many existing
studies have focused on distinguishing anomalous trajectories from normal
trajectories, ignoring the large differences between anomalous trajectories. A
recent study has made great progress in identifying abnormal trajectory
patterns and proposed a two-stage algorithm for anomalous trajectory detection
and classification (ATDC). This algorithm has excellent performance but suffers
from a few limitations, such as high time complexity and poor interpretation.
Here, we present a careful theoretical and empirical analysis of the ATDC
algorithm, showing that the calculation of anomaly scores in both stages can be
simplified, and that the second stage of the algorithm is much more important
than the first stage. Hence, we develop a FastATDC algorithm that introduces a
random sampling strategy in both stages. Experimental results show that
FastATDC is 10 to 20 times faster than ATDC on real datasets. Moreover,
FastATDC outperforms the baseline algorithms and is comparable to the ATDC
algorithm.


  We introduce new finite-dimensional spaces specifically designed to
approximate the solutions to high-frequency Helmholtz problems with smooth
variable coefficients in dimension $d$. These discretization spaces are spanned
by Gaussian coherent states, that have the key property to be localised in
phase space. We carefully select the Gaussian coherent states spanning the
approximation space by exploiting the (known) micro-localisation properties of
the solution. For a large class of source terms (including plane-wave
scattering problems), this choice leads to discrete spaces that provide a
uniform approximation error for all wavenumber $k$ with a number of degrees of
freedom scaling as $k^{d-1/2}$, which we rigorously establish. In comparison,
for discretization spaces based on (piecewise) polynomials, the number of
degrees of freedom has to scale at least as $k^d$ to achieve the same property.
These theoretical results are illustrated by one-dimensional numerical
examples, where the proposed discretization spaces are coupled with a
least-squares variational formulation.


  We describe separable joint states on bipartite quantum systems that cannot
be prepared by any thermodynamically reversible classical one-way communication
protocol. We argue that the joint state of two synchronized microscopic clocks
is always of this type when it is considered from the point of view of an
``ignorant'' observer who is not synchronized with the other two parties.
  We show that the entropy generation of a classical one-way synchronization
protocol is at least \Delta S = \hbar^2/(4\Delta E \Delta t)^2 if \Delta t is
the time accuracy of the synchronism and \Delta E is the energy bandwidth of
the clocks. This dissipation can only be avoided if the common time of the
microscopic clocks is stored by an additional classical clock.
  Furthermore, we give a similar bound on the entropy cost for resetting
synchronized clocks by a classical one-way protocol. The proof relies on
observations of Zurek on the thermodynamic relevance of quantum discord. We
leave it as an open question whether classical multi-step protocols may perform
better.
  We discuss to what extent our results imply problems for classical concepts
of reversible computation when the energy of timing signals is close to the
Heisenberg limit.


  In the first paper of this series we used the N--body method to build a dozen
cuspy (gamma ~ 1) triaxial models of stellar systems, and we showed that they
were highly stable over time intervals of the order of a Hubble time, even
though they had very large fractions of chaotic orbits (more than 85 per cent
in some cases). The models were grouped in four sets, each one comprising
models morphologically resembling E2, E3, E4 and E5 galaxies, respectively. The
three models within each set, although different, had the same global
properties and were statistically equivalent. In the present paper we use
frequency analysis to classify the regular orbits of those models. The bulk of
those orbits are short axis tubes (SATs), with a significant fraction of long
axis tubes (LATs) in the E2 models that decreases in the E3 and E4 models to
become negligibly small in the E5 models. Most of the LATs in the E2 and E3
models are outer LATs, but the situation reverses in the E4 and E5 models where
the few LATs are mainly inner LATs. As could be expected for cuspy models, most
of the boxes are resonant orbits, i.e., boxlets. Nevertheless, only the (x, y)
fishes of models E3 and E4 amount to about 10 per cent of the regular orbits,
with most of the fractions of the other boxlets being of the order of 1 per
cent or less.


  We study the excitation spectrum of the two-chain S=1/2 Heisenberg spin
ladder with additional inter-chain second-neighbor frustrating interactions.
The one and two-particle excitations are analyzed by using a mapping of the
model onto a Bose gas of hard-core triplets. We find that low-lying singlet and
triplet two-particle bound states are present and their binding energy
increases with increasing frustration. In addition, many-particle bound states
are found by a combination of variational and exact diagonalization techniques.
We prove that the larger the number of bound quasiparticles the larger the
binding energy. Thus the excitation spectrum has a complex structure and
consists of elementary triplets and collective many-particle singlet and
triplet excitations which generally mix with the elementary ones.
  The model exhibits a quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic
ladder phase (small frustration) into Haldane phase (effectively ferromagnetic
ladder for large frustration). We argue that near the transition point the
spectrum in both triplet and singlet channels becomes gapless. The excitation
wave function is dominated by large-size bound states which leads to the
vanishing of the quasiparticle residue.


  The lag-luminosity relation (LLR) provides a way of estimating GRB luminosity
by measuring the spectral lags between different energy bands. We want to
understand the origin of the LLR and test its validity. This appears especially
important if the LLR is to be used as a distance indicator. We perform a linear
analysis of the lag between two spectral bands. The lag is obtained as the time
interval between the maxima of a given pulse in the two bands. We get a simple
expression for the lag, which shows in a very simple way how it is related to
the spectral evolution of the burst via the variation of the peak energy and
spectral indices. When this expression is coupled to the Amati relation, it
leads to a LLR that agrees with the observational results only if the burst's
spectral evolution is limited to a decrease in peak energy during pulse decay.
However, when the variation of the spectral indices is also taken into account,
the predicted LLR differs from the observed one. We briefly discuss some ways
to solve this problem, such as a possible correlation between pulse spikiness
and burst luminosity.


  In order to coordinate the scheduling problem between an isolated microgrid
(IMG) and electric vehicle battery swapping stations (BSSs) in
multi-stakeholder scenarios, a new bi-level optimal scheduling model is
proposed for promoting the participation of BSSs in regulating the IMG economic
operation. In this model, the upper-level sub-problem is formulated to minimize
the IMG net costs, while the lower-level aims to maximize the profits of the
BSS under real-time pricing environments determined by demand responses in the
upper-level decision. To solve the model, a hybrid algorithm, called JAYA-BBA,
is put forward by combining a real/integer-coded JAYA algorithm and the branch
and bound algorithm (BBA), in which the JAYA and BBA are respectively employed
to address the upper- and lower- level sub-problems, and the bi-level model is
eventually solved through alternate iterations between the two levels. The
simulation results on a microgrid test system verify the effectiveness and
superiority of the presented approach.


  In this work, we investigate the microscopic mechanisms of anharmonic lattice
dynamics and thermal transport in lead-free halide double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6
from first principles. We combine self-consistent phonon calculations with
bubble diagram correction and a unified theory of lattice thermal transport
that considers both the particle-like phonon propagation and wave-like
tunnelling of phonons. An ultra-low thermal conductivity at room temperature
(~0.21 Wm-1K-1) is predicted with weak temperature dependence(~T-0.45), in
sharp contrast to the conventional ~T-1 dependence. Particularly, the
vibrational properties of Cs2AgBiBr6 are featured by strong anharmonicity and
wave-like tunnelling of phonons. Anharmonic phonon renormalization from both
the cubic and quartic anharmonicities are found essential in precisely
predicting the phase transition temperature in Cs2AgBiBr6 while the negative
phonon energy shifts induced by cubic anharmonicity has a significant influence
on particle-like phonon propagation. Further, the contribution of the wave-like
tunnelling to the total thermal conductivity surpasses that of the
particle-like propagation above around 340 K, indicating the breakdown of the
phonon gas picture conventionally used in the Peierls-Boltzmann Transport
Equation. Importantly, further including four-phonon scatterings is required in
achieving the dominance of wave-like tunnelling, as compared to the dominant
particle-like propagation channel when considering only three-phonon
scatterings. Our work highlights the importance of lattice anharmonicity and
wave-like tunnelling of phonons in the thermal transport in lead-free halide
double perovskites.


  We present an analysis of the X-ray spectral properties of 61 hard X-ray
selected (2-8 keV) sources from the bright ($f_{2-8 keV}>10^{-14}$ \funits)
{\it XMM-Newton}/2dF survey. This comprises of 9 {\it XMM-Newton} pointings in
the North Galactic Pole region ($\sim 1.6 \rm deg^2$) and overlaps with the
SDSS, 2QZ and 2dFGRS surveys. Our sources contribute about 50 per cent of the
2-10 keV X-ray background down to the flux limit of $10^{-14}$ cgs. The
hardness ratio distribution of the sample suggests a deficit of heavily
absorbed sources. A spectral fit to the co-added total source spectrum yields a
steep photon index, $\Gamma=1.83^{+0.04}_{-0.05}$. All but 8 sources have
optical counterparts down to the SDSS photometric limit of $r\approx22.5$.
Spectroscopic identifications exist for 34 sources. The vast majority are
associated with Broad-Line (BL) AGN (24 sources) while only 7 present narrow or
no emission lines. Five sources are probably associated with Galactic stars.
Finally, for another 17 probable AGN we present photometric redshifts. The
combined spectrum of the 24 spectroscopically identified BL AGN is steep
($\Gamma=2.02^{+0.04}_{-0.05}$), while that of the 7 AGN, which do not present
broad lines is flatter with $\Gamma=1.64^{+0.11}_{-0.11}$. The spectrum of the
8 optically unidentified sources is flat with $\Gamma\approx 1.1$. Spectral
fits to the individual BL AGN reveal large absorption (rest-frame column
density $\rm>10^{22} cm^{-2}$) in only two cases.
  The individual spectra of the NL AGN present significant evidence for even a
moderate absorption ($\rm 3\times 10^{21} cm^{-2}$) in only one case.


  Studying our Galaxy, the Milky Way (MW), gives us a close-up view of the
interplay between cosmology, dark matter, and galaxy formation. In the next
decade our understanding of the MW's dynamics, stellar populations, and
structure will undergo a revolution thanks to planned and proposed astrometric,
spectroscopic and photometric surveys, building on recent advances by the Gaia
astrometric survey. Together, these new efforts will measure three-dimensional
positions and velocities and numerous chemical abundances for stars to the MW's
edge and well into the Local Group, leading to a complete multidimensional view
of our Galaxy. Studies of the multidimensional Milky Way beyond the Gaia
frontier---from the edge of the Galactic disk to the edge of our Galaxy's dark
matter halo---will unlock new scientific advances across astrophysics, from
constraints on dark matter to insights into galaxy formation.


  Alternative theories of gravity not only modify the polarization contents of
the gravitational wave, but also affect the motions of the stars and the energy
radiated away via the gravitational radiation. These aspects leave imprints in
the observational data, which enables the test of General Relativity and its
alternatives. In this work, the Nordtvedt effect and the Shapiro time delay are
calculated in order to constrain Horndeski theory using the observations of
lunar laser ranging experiments and Cassini time-delay data. The effective
stress-energy tensor is also obtained using the method of Isaacson.
Gravitational wave radiation of a binary system is calculated, and the change
of the period of a binary system is deduced for the elliptical orbit. These
results can be used to set constraints on Horndeski theory with the
observations of binary systems, such as PSR J1738+0333. Constraints have been
obtained for some subclasses of Horndeski theory, in particular, those
satisfying the gravitational wave speed limits from GW170817 and GRB 170817A.


  Text-to-image generation methods produce high-resolution and high-quality
images, but these methods should not produce immoral images that may contain
inappropriate content from the perspective of commonsense morality. In this
paper, we aim to automatically judge the immorality of synthesized images and
manipulate these images into morally acceptable alternatives. To this end, we
build a model that has three main primitives: (1) recognition of the visual
commonsense immorality in a given image, (2) localization or highlighting of
immoral visual (and textual) attributes that contribute to the immorality of
the image, and (3) manipulation of an immoral image to create a
morally-qualifying alternative. We conduct experiments and human studies using
the state-of-the-art Stable Diffusion text-to-image generation model,
demonstrating the effectiveness of our ethical image manipulation approach.


  We discuss briefly the kappa framework, proposed originally as a test for the
Higgs couplings of the Standard Model (SM). Further, we discuss a
generalization of this idea in terms of effective field theory. We sketch how
to add dimension 6 operators to the SM Lagrangian and the renormalization
process. Finally we show how to study the amplitudes of the resulting model at
next-to-leading order and discuss possible experimental approaches.


  We investigate the integrated cross section for forward $\jpsi$ production in
proton-proton and pion-proton collisions at centre of mass energies upto 60
GeV. We find that colour-octet contributions to the cross section are crucially
important, and their inclusion produces a very good description of the data.
Since the values of non-perturbative matrix elements are fixed by other
experiments, these predictions are parameter-free.


  Thanks to incredible advances in instrumentation, surveys like the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey have been able to find and catalog billions of objects,
ranging from local M dwarfs to distant quasars. Machine learning algorithms
have greatly aided in the effort to classify these objects; however, there are
regimes where these algorithms fail, where interesting oddities may be found.
We present here an X-ray bright quasar misidentified as a red supergiant/X-ray
binary, and a subsequent search of the SDSS quasar catalog for X-ray bright
stars misidentified as quasars.


  A graph is called a pseudo-core if every endomorphism is either an
automorphism or a colouring. In this paper, we show that every Grassmann graph
$J_q(n,m)$ is a pseudo-core. Moreover, the Grassmann graph $J_q(n,m)$ is a core
whenever $m$ and $n-m+1$ are not relatively prime, and $J_q(2pk-2, pk-1)$ is a
core whenever $p,k\geq 2$.


  The paper deals with the problem of controlling the state of industrial
devices according to the readings of their sensors. The current methods rely on
one approach to feature extraction in which the prediction occurs. We proposed
a technique to build a scalable model that combines multiple different feature
extractor blocks. A new model based on sequential sensor space analysis
achieves state-of-the-art results on the C-MAPSS benchmark for equipment
remaining useful life estimation. The resulting model performance was validated
including the prediction changes with scaling.


  We use deep spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
Wide-Field-Camera 3 (WFC3) IR grisms combined with broad-band photometry to
study the stellar populations, gas ionization and chemical abundances in
star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1.1-2.3$. The data stem from the CANDELS
Lyman-$\alpha$ Emission At Reionization (CLEAR) survey. At these redshifts the
grism spectroscopy measure the [OII] 3727, 3729, [OIII] 4959, 5008, H-$\beta$
strong emission features, which constrain the ionization parameter and oxygen
abundance of the nebular gas. We compare the line flux measurements to
predictions from updated photoionization models (MAPPINGS (Kewley et al. 2019),
which include an updated treatment of nebular gas pressure, log P/k = $n_e
T_e$. Compared to low-redshift samples ($z\sim 0.2$) at fixed stellar mass,
llog M / M$_\odot$ = 9.4-9.8, the CLEAR galaxies at z=1.35 (z=1.90) have lower
gas-phase metallicity, $\Delta$(log Z) = 0.25 (0.35) dex, and higher ionization
parameters, $\Delta$(log q) = 0.25 (0.35) dex, where U = q/c. We provide
updated analytic calibrations between the [OIII], [OII], and H-$\beta$ emission
line ratios, metallicity, and ionization parameter. The CLEAR galaxies show
that at fixed stellar mass, the gas ionization parameter is correlated with the
galaxy specific star-formation rates (sSFRs), where $\Delta$ log q = 0.4
$\Delta$(log sSFR), derived from changes in the strength of galaxy H-$\beta$
equivalent width. We interpret this as a consequence of higher gas densities,
lower gas covering fractions, combined with higher escape fraction of
H-ionizing photons. We discuss both tests to confirm these assertions and
implications this has for future observations of galaxies at higher redshifts.


  Texture in dense or porous ceramics can enhance their functional and
structural properties. Current methods for texturation employ anisotropic
particles as starting powders and processes that drive their orientation into
specific directions. Using ultra-low magnetic fields combined with slip
casting, it is possible to purposely orient magnetically responsive particles
in any direction. When those particles are suspended with nanoparticles,
templated grain growth occurs during sintering to yield a textured ceramic.
Yet, the final grains are usually micrometric, leading weak mechanical
properties. Here, we explore how to tune the grain orientation size using
magnetic slip casting and templated grain growth. Our strategy consists in
changing the size of the anisotropic powders and ensuring that magnetic
alignment and densification occurs. The obtained ceramics featured a large
range of grain anisotropy, with submicrometric thickness and anisotropic
properties. Textured ceramics with tunable grains dimensions and porosity are
promising for filtering, biomedical or composite applications.


  We will use different way (in this work) from the existing methods in the
literature which speaking in the separation of convex sets was carried out by
hyperplanes. We are examining the behavior of convex set which is the domain of
convex and coconvex polynomial. We simplify this term as (co)convex polynomial
herein.


  Wavelength-tunable vortex fiber lasers that could generate beams carrying
orbital angular momentum (OAM) hold great interest in large-capacity optical
communications. The wavelength tunability of conventional vortex fiber lasers
is however limited by the range of 35 nm due to narrow bandwidth and/or
insertion loss of mode conversion components. Optical metasurfaces apart from
being compact planar components can flexibly manipulate light with high
efficiency in a broad wavelength range. Here, we propose and demonstrate for
the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a metasurface-assisted vortex
fiber laser that can directly generate OAM beams with changeable topological
charges. Due to the designed broadband gap-surface plasmon metasurface,
combined with an intracavity tunable filter, the laser enables OAM beam with
center wavelength continuously tunable from 1015 nm to 1075 nm, nearly twice of
other vortex fiber lasers ever reported. The metasurface can be designed at
will to satisfy requirements for either low pump threshold or high slope
efficiency of the laser. Furthermore, the cavity-metasurface configuration can
be extended to generate higher-order OAM beams or more complex structured beams
in different wavelength regions, which greatly broadens the possibilities for
developing low-cost and high-quality structured-beam laser sources.


  We investigate bridging and aggregation of two colloidal particles in a
near-critical binary mixture when the fluid far from the particles is outside
the coexistence (CX) curve and is rich in the component disfavored by the
colloid surfaces. In such situations, the adsorption-induced interaction is
enhanced, leading to bridging and aggregation of the particles. We realize
bridging firstly by changing the temperature with a fixed interparticle
separation and secondly by letting the two particles aggregate. The
interparticle attractive force dramatically increases upon bridging. The
dynamics is governed by hydrodynamic flow around the colloid surfaces. In
aggregation, the adsorption layers move with the particles and squeezing occurs
at narrow separation. We take into account the renormalization effect due to
the critical fluctuations using the recent local functional theory [J. Chem.
Phys. 136, 114704 (2012)].


  We study the entropy flux in the stationary state of a finite one-dimensional
sample S connected at its left and right ends to two infinitely extended
reservoirs at distinct temperatures T1, T2 and chemical potentials mu1, mu2.
The sample is a free lattice Fermi gas confined to a box [0, L] with energy
operator -\Delta + v. The Landauer-B\"uttiker formula expresses the steady
state entropy flux in the coupled system in terms of scattering data. We study
the behavior of this steady state entropy flux in the limit L->infinity and
relate persistence of transport to norm bounds on the transfer matrices of the
limiting half-line Schr\"odinger operator h. A natural conjecture is that the
set of energies at which transport persists in this limit is precisely the
essential support of the absolutely continuous spectrum of h. We show that this
conjecture is equivalent to the Schr\"odinger conjecture in spectral theory of
one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators, thus giving a physically appealing
interpretation to the Schr\"odinger conjecture.


  Let g be a simple Lie algebra, Lg be the loop algebra of g. Fixing a point in
S^1 and identifying the real line with the punctured circle, we consider the
subalgebra Sg of Lg of rapidly decreasing elements on R. We classify the
translation-invariant 2-cocycles on Sg. We show that the ground state
representation of Sg is unique for each cocycle. These ground states correspond
precisely to the vacuum representations of Lg.


  We consider in a quantum field theory framework the effects of a classical
magnetic field on the spin and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a free
electron. We derive formulae for the changes in the spin and OAM due to the
introduction of a general classical background field. We consider then a
constant magnetic field, in which case the relevant expressions of the effects
become much simpler and conversions between spin and OAM become readily
apparent. An estimate of the expectation values for a realistic electron state
is also given. Our findings may be of interest to researchers in spintronics
and the field of quantum biology, where electron spin has been implicated on
macroscopic time and energy scales.


  We present the optical spectra of 338 nearby M dwarfs, and compute their
spectral types, effective temperatures ($T_{\mathrm{eff}}$), and radii. Our
spectra have been obtained using several optical spectrometers with spectral
resolutions that range from 1200 to 10000. As many as 97% of the observed
M-type dwarfs have a spectral type of M3-M6, with a typical error of 0.4
sub-type, among which the spectral types M4-M5 are the most common. We infer
the $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ of our sample by fitting our spectra with theoretical
spectra from the PHOENIX model. Our inferred $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is calibrated
with the optical spectra of M dwarfs whose $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ have been well
determined with the calibrations that are supported by previous interferometric
observations. Our fitting procedures utilize the VO absorption band (7320-7570
{\AA}) and the optical region (5000-8000 {\AA}), yielding typical errors of 128
K (VO band) and 85 K (optical region). We also determine the radii of our
sample from their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We find most of our
sample stars have radii of $<$ 0.6 $R_\odot$, with the average error being 3%.
Our catalog enables efficient sample selection for exoplanet surveys around
nearby M-type dwarfs.


  If the holonomy representation of an $(n+2)$--dimensional simply-connected
Lorentzian manifold $(M,h)$ admits a degenerate invariant subspace its holonomy
group is contained in the parabolic group $(\mathbb{R} \times SO(n))\ltimes
\mathbb{R}^n$. The main ingredient of such a holonomy group is the
SO(n)--projection $G:=pr_{SO(n)}(Hol_p(M,h))$ and one may ask whether it has to
be a Riemannian holonomy group. In this paper we show that this is the case if
$G\subset U(n/2)$ or if the irreducible acting components of $G$ are simple.


  We discuss the problem of coexistence of genuine quantum multipartite
correlations and classical multipartite correlations. We introduce a postulate
which any measure of genuine multipartite classical correlations should
satisfy. We show that covariance does not satisfy this postulate. Finally we
propose a definition of genuine multipartite correlations and illustrate it
with examples.


  For both electron- and hole-doped cuprates, superconductivity appears in the
vicinity of suppressed broken symmetry order, suggesting that quantum
criticality plays a vital role in the physics of these systems. A confounding
factor in identifying the role of quantum criticality in the electron-doped
systems is the competing influence of chemical doping and oxygen stoichiometry.
Using high quality thin films of Pr$_{2}$CuO$_{4\pm\delta}$, we tune
superconductivity and uncover the influence of quantum criticality without Ce
substitution. We observe magnetic quantum oscillations that are consistent with
the presence of small hole-like Fermi surface pockets, and a large mass
enhancement near the suppression of superconductivity. Tuning these materials
using only oxygen stoichiometry allows the observation of quantum oscillations
and provides a new axis with which to explore the physics underlying the
electron-doped side of the cuprate phase diagram.


  Quantum operators of coordinates and momentum components of a particle in the
Minkowski spacetime can belong to the generalized Snyder-Yang algebra and
produce a quantum phase space with three new constants in the general case.
With account for the O(2,6) invariance in the quantum phase space of a color
particle the equation of motion is obtained, which contains a oscillator rising
potential. The presence of the oscillator potential can simulate a confinement
of a color particle. A parameter of the oscillator potential is estimated and a
relationship between current and constituent quark masses is obtained.


  We present a generative adversarial learning approach to synthesize gaze
behavior of a given personality. We train the model using an existing data set
that comprises eye-tracking data and personality traits of 42 participants
performing an everyday task. Given the values of Big-Five personality traits
(openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism),
our model generates time series data consisting of gaze target, blinking times,
and pupil dimensions. We use the generated data to synthesize the gaze motion
of virtual agents on a game engine.


  In this paper, we investigate two inverse source problems for degenerate
time-fractional partial differential equation in rectangular domains. The first
problem involves a space-degenerate partial differential equation and the
second one involves a time-degenerate partial differential equation. Solutions
to both problem are expressed in series expansions. For the first problem, we
obtained solutions in the form of Fourier-Legendre series. Convergence and
uniqueness of solutions have been discussed. Solutions to the second problem
are expressed in the form of Fourier-Sine series and they involve a generalized
Mittag- Leffler type function. Moreover, we have established a new estimate for
this generalized Mittag-Leffler type function. The obtained results are
illustrated by providing example solutions using certain given data at the
initial and final time.


  In order to estimate the population mean in the presence of both non-response
and measurement errors that are uncorrelated, the paper presents some novel
estimators employing ranked set sampling by utilizing auxiliary information.Up
to the first order of approximation, the equations for the bias and mean
squared error of the suggested estimators are produced, and it is found that
the proposed estimators outperform the other existing estimators analysed in
this study. Investigations using simulation studies and numerical examples show
how well the suggested estimators perform in the presence of measurement and
non-response errors. The relative efficiency of the suggested estimators
compared to the existing estimators has been expressed as a percentage, and the
impact of measurement errors has been expressed as a percentage computation of
measurement errors.


  We review the relationship between the largest Mathieu group and various
modular objects, including recent progress on the relation to mock modular
forms. We also review the connections between these mathematical structures and
string theory on K3 surfaces.


  We consider joint effects of tunneling and spin-orbit coupling on driven by
electric field spin dynamics in a double quantum dot with a multi-level
resonance scenario. We demonstrate that tunneling plays the crucial role in the
formation of the Rabi-like spin-flip transitions. In contrast to the linear
behavior for weak electric fields, the spin flip rate becomes much smaller than
expected for the two-level model and shows oscillating dependence on the
driving field amplitude in stronger fields. In addition, the full spin flip is
very difficult to achieve in a multi-level resonant system. These two effects
have a similarity with the Zeno effect of slowing down the dynamics of an
observable by its measurement. As a result, spin manipulation by electric field
becomes much less efficient than expected.


  The Benes filter is a well-known continuous-time stochastic filtering model
in one dimension that has the advantage of being explicitly solvable. From an
evolution equation point of view, the Benes filter is also the solution of the
filtering equations given a particular set of coefficient functions. In
general, the filtering stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) arise
as the evolution equations for the conditional distribution of an underlying
signal given partial, and possibly noisy, observations. Their numerical
approximation presents a central issue for theoreticians and practitioners
alike, who are actively seeking accurate and fast methods, especially for such
high-dimensional settings as numerical weather prediction, for example. In this
paper we present a brief study of a new numerical method based on the mesh-free
neural network representation of the density of the solution of the Benes model
achieved by deep learning. Based on the classical SPDE splitting method, our
algorithm includes a recursive normalisation procedure to recover the
normalised conditional distribution of the signal process. Within the
analytically tractable setting of the Benes filter, we discuss the role of
nonlinearity in the filtering model equations for the choice of the domain of
the neural network. Further we present the first study of the neural network
method with an adaptive domain for the Benes model.


  The current generation of (sub)mm-telescopes has allowed molecular line
emission to become a major tool for studying the physical, kinematic, and
chemical properties of extragalactic systems, yet exploiting these observations
requires a detailed understanding of where emission lines originate within the
Milky Way. In this paper, we present 60$^{\prime\prime}$ ($\sim$3pc) resolution
observations of many 3mm-band molecular lines across a large map of the W49
massive star-forming region ($\sim$100$\times$100pc at 11kpc), which were taken
as part of the "LEGO" IRAM-30m large project. We find that the spatial extent
or brightness of the molecular line transitions are not well correlated with
their critical densities, highlighting abundance and optical depth must be
considered when estimating line emission characteristics. We explore how the
total emission and emission efficiency (i.e. line brightness per H$_{2}$ column
density) of the line emission vary as a function of molecular hydrogen column
density and dust temperature. We find that there is not a single region of this
parameter space responsible for the brightest and most efficiently emitting gas
for all species. For example, we find that the HCN transition shows high
emission efficiency at high column density ($10^{22}$cm$^{-2}$) and moderate
temperatures (35K), whilst e.g. N$_2$H$^+$ emits most efficiently towards lower
temperatures ($10^{22}$cm$^{-2}$; <20K). We determine $X_{\mathrm{CO} (1-0)}
\sim 0.3 \times 10^{20} \mathrm{cm^{-2}(Kkms^{-1})^{-1}}$, and
$\alpha_{\mathrm{HCN} (1-0)} \sim 30\mathrm{M_\odot(Kkms^{-1}pc^2)^{-1}}$,
which both differ significantly from the commonly adopted values. In all, these
results suggest caution should be taken when interpreting molecular line
emission.


  We extend the matter bounce scenario to a more general theory in which the
background dynamics and cosmological perturbations are generated by a
$k$-essence scalar field with an arbitrary sound speed. When the sound speed is
small, the curvature perturbation is enhanced, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio,
which is excessively large in the original model, can be sufficiently
suppressed to be consistent with observational bounds. Then, we study the
primordial three-point correlation function generated during the
matter-dominated contraction stage and find that it only depends on the sound
speed parameter. Similar to the canonical case, the shape of the bispectrum is
mainly dominated by a local form, though for some specific sound speed values a
new shape emerges and the scaling behaviour changes. Meanwhile, a small sound
speed also results in a large amplitude of non-Gaussianities, which is
disfavored by current observations. As a result, it does not seem possible to
suppress the tensor-to-scalar ratio without amplifying the production of
non-Gaussianities beyond current observational constraints (and vice versa).
This suggests an extension of the previously conjectured no-go theorem in
single field nonsingular matter bounce cosmologies, which rules out a large
class of models. However, the non-Gaussianity results remain as a
distinguishable signature of matter bounce cosmology and have the potential to
be detected by observations in the near future.


  The lack of diversity in the datasets available for automatic summarization
of documents has meant that the vast majority of neural models for automatic
summarization have been trained with news articles. These datasets are
relatively small, with an average size of about 600 words, and the models
trained with such data sets see their performance limited to short documents.
In order to surmount this problem, this paper uses scientific papers as the
dataset on which different models are trained. These models have been chosen
based on their performance on the CNN/Daily Mail data set, so that the highest
ranked model of each architectural variant is selected. In this work, six
different models are compared, two with an RNN architecture, one with a CNN
architecture, two with a Transformer architecture and one with a Transformer
architecture combined with reinforcement learning. The results from this work
show that those models that use a hierarchical encoder to model the structure
of the document has a better performance than the rest.


  If $J\subset I$ are two monomials ideals, we give a practical upper bound for
the Stanley depth of $J/I$, which we call it the \emph{quasi-depth} of $J/I$.
Also, we compute the quasi-depth of several classes of square free monomial
ideals. We also study the Stanley depth of the monomial ideal associated of the
independent sets of a graph.


  The real-time operation of large-scale infrastructure networks requires
scalable optimization capabilities. Decomposition schemes can help achieve
scalability; classical decomposition approaches such as the alternating
direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and distributed Newtons schemes,
however, often either suffer from slow convergence or might require high
degrees of communication. In this work, we present new primal decomposition
schemes for solving large-scale, strongly convex QPs. These approaches have
global convergence guarantees and require limited communication. We benchmark
their performance against the off-the-shelf interior-point method Ipopt and
against ADMM on infrastructure networks that contain up to 300,000 decision
variables and constraints. Overall, we find that the proposed approaches solve
problems as fast as Ipopt but with reduced communication. Moreover, we find
that the proposed schemes achieve higher accuracy than ADMM approaches.


  In the setting of the unbounded derived category D(R) of a ring R of weak
global dimension at most one we consider t-structures with a definable coaisle.
The t-structures among these which are stable (that is, the t-structures which
consist of a pair of triangulated subcategories) are precisely the ones
associated to a smashing localization of the derived category. In this way, our
present results generalize those of [B\v{S}17] to the non-stable case. As in
the stable case [B\v{S}17], we confine for the most part to the commutative
setting, and give a full classification of definable coaisles in the local
case, that is, over valuation domains. It turns out that unlike in the stable
case of smashing subcategories, the definable coaisles do not always arise from
homological ring epimorphisms. We also consider a non-stable version of the
telescope conjecture for t-structures and give a ring-theoretic
characterization of the commutative rings of weak global dimension at most one
for which it is satisfied.


  Fixing software bugs and adding new features are two of the major maintenance
tasks. Software bugs and features are reported as change requests. Developers
consult these requests and often choose a few keywords from them as an ad hoc
query. Then they execute the query with a search engine to find the exact
locations within software code that need to be changed. Unfortunately, even
experienced developers often fail to choose appropriate queries, which leads to
costly trials and errors during a code search. Over the years, many studies
attempt to reformulate the ad hoc queries from developers to support them. In
this systematic literature review, we carefully select 70 primary studies on
query reformulations from 2,970 candidate studies, perform an in-depth
qualitative analysis (e.g., Grounded Theory), and then answer seven research
questions with major findings. First, to date, eight major methodologies (e.g.,
term weighting, term co-occurrence analysis, thesaurus lookup) have been
adopted to reformulate queries. Second, the existing studies suffer from
several major limitations (e.g., lack of generalizability, vocabulary mismatch
problem, subjective bias) that might prevent their wide adoption. Finally, we
discuss the best practices and future opportunities to advance the state of
research in search query reformulations.


  Bismuth has recently attracted interest in connection with Na-ion battery
anodes due to its high volumetric capacity. It reacts with Na to form Na$_3$Bi
which is a prototypical Dirac semimetal with a nontrivial electronic structure.
Density-functional-theory based first-principles calculations are playing a key
role in understanding the fascinating electronic structure of Na$_3$Bi and
other topological materials. In particular, the
strongly-constrained-and-appropriately-normed (SCAN)
meta-generalized-gradient-approximation (meta-GGA) has shown significant
improvement over the widely used generalized-gradient-approximation (GGA)
scheme in capturing energetic, structural, and electronic properties of many
classes of materials. Here, we discuss the electronic structure of Na$_3$Bi
within the SCAN framework and show that the resulting Fermi velocities and {\it
s}-band shift around the $\Gamma$ point are in better agreement with
experiments than the corresponding GGA predictions. SCAN yields a purely
spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) driven Dirac semimetal state in Na$_3$Bi in contrast
with the earlier GGA results. Our analysis reveals the presence of a
topological phase transition from the Dirac semimetal to a trivial band
insulator phase in Na$_{3}$Bi$_{x}$Sb$_{1-x}$ alloys as the strength of the SOC
varies with Sb content, and gives insight into the role of the SOC in
modulating conduction properties of Na$_3$Bi.


  Let $L$ be an $n$-element finite lattice. We prove that if $L$ has strictly
more than $2^{n-5}$ congruences, then $L$ is planar. This result is sharp,
since for each natural number $n\geq 8$, there exists a non-planar lattice with
exactly $2^{n-5}$ congruences.


  Magnetic multilayers with interlayer exchange coupling have been widely
studied for both static and dynamic regimes. Their dynamical responses depend
on the exchange coupling strength and magnetic properties of individual layers.
Magnetic resonance spectra in such systems are conveniently discussed in terms
of coupling of acoustic and optical modes. At a certain value of applied
magnetic field, the two modes come close to being degenerate and the spectral
gap indicates the strength of mode hybridisation. In this work, we
theoretically and experimentally study the mode hybridisation of
interlayer-exchange-coupled moments with dissimilar magnetisation and thickness
of two ferromagnetic layers. In agreement with symmetry analysis for
eigenmodes, our low-symmetry multilayers exhibit sizable spectral gaps for all
experimental conditions. The spectra agree well with the predictions from the
Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation at the macrospin limit whose parameters are
independently fixed by static measurements.


  We propose to optimize neural networks with a uniformly-distributed random
learning rate. The associated stochastic gradient descent algorithm can be
approximated by continuous stochastic equations and analyzed within the
Fokker-Planck formalism. In the small learning rate regime, the training
process is characterized by an effective temperature which depends on the
average learning rate, the mini-batch size and the momentum of the optimization
algorithm. By comparing the random learning rate protocol with cyclic and
constant protocols, we suggest that the random choice is generically the best
strategy in the small learning rate regime, yielding better regularization
without extra computational cost. We provide supporting evidence through
experiments on both shallow, fully-connected and deep, convolutional neural
networks for image classification on the MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets.


  Motion capture is a long-standing research problem. Although it has been
studied for decades, the majority of research focus on ground-based movements
such as walking, sitting, dancing, etc. Off-grounded actions such as climbing
are largely overlooked. As an important type of action in sports and
firefighting field, the climbing movements is challenging to capture because of
its complex back poses, intricate human-scene interactions, and difficult
global localization. The research community does not have an in-depth
understanding of the climbing action due to the lack of specific datasets. To
address this limitation, we collect CIMI4D, a large rock
\textbf{C}l\textbf{I}mbing \textbf{M}ot\textbf{I}on dataset from 12 persons
climbing 13 different climbing walls. The dataset consists of around 180,000
frames of pose inertial measurements, LiDAR point clouds, RGB videos,
high-precision static point cloud scenes, and reconstructed scene meshes.
Moreover, we frame-wise annotate touch rock holds to facilitate a detailed
exploration of human-scene interaction. The core of this dataset is a blending
optimization process, which corrects for the pose as it drifts and is affected
by the magnetic conditions. To evaluate the merit of CIMI4D, we perform four
tasks which include human pose estimations (with/without scene constraints),
pose prediction, and pose generation. The experimental results demonstrate that
CIMI4D presents great challenges to existing methods and enables extensive
research opportunities. We share the dataset with the research community in
http://www.lidarhumanmotion.net/cimi4d/.


  Decentralized systems can be more resistant to operator mischief than
centralized ones, but they are substantially harder to develop, deploy, and
maintain. This cost is dramatically reduced if the decentralized part of the
system can be made highly generic, and thus incorporated into many different
applications. We show how existing anonymization systems can serve this
purpose, securing a public database against equivocation by its operator
without the need for cooperation by the database owner. We derive bounds on the
probability of successful equivocation, and in doing so, we demonstrate that
anonymization systems are not only important for user privacy, but that by
providing privacy to machines they have a wider value within the internet
infrastructure


  Certain biological reactions, such as receptor-ligand binding at cell-cell
interfaces and macromolecules binding to biopolymers, require many smaller
molecules crowding a reaction site to be cleared. Examples include the T cell
interface, a key player in immunological information processing. Diffusion sets
a limit for such cavitation to occur spontaneously, thereby defining a
timescale below which active mechanisms must take over. We consider $N$
independent diffusing particles in a closed domain, containing a sub-region
with $N_{0}$ particles, on average. We investigate the time until the
sub-region is empty, allowing a subsequent reaction to proceed. The first
passage time is computed using an efficient exact simulation algorithm and an
asymptotic approximation in the limit that cavitation is rare. In this limit,
we find that the mean first passage time is sub-exponential, $T \propto
e^{N_{0}}/N_{0}^2$. For the case of T cell receptors, we find that stochastic
cavitation is exceedingly slow, $10^9$ seconds at physiological densities,
however can be accelerated to occur within 5 second with only a four-fold
dilution.


  Monte-Carlo simulation calculation have been performed for 855 MeV electrons
channeling in (110) planes of a diamond single crystal. The continuum potential
picture has been utilized. Both, the transverse potential and the angular
distributions of the scattered electrons at screened atoms are based on the
Doyle-Turner scattering factors which were extrapolated with the functional
dependence of the Moli\`{e}re representation to large momentum transfers.
Scattering cross-sections at bound electrons have been derived for energies
less than 30 keV from the double differential cross-section as function of
both, energy and momentum transfer, taking into account also longitudinal and
transverse excitations. For energies above 30 keV the M{\o}ller cross-section
is used. The dynamics of the particle in the continuum transverse potential has
been described classically. Results of the channeling process are presented in
terms of instantaneous transition rates as function of the penetration depth,
indicating that channeling can be described by a single exponential function
only after the equilibration phase has been reached after about 15 $\mu$m. As a
byproduct, improved drift and diffusion coefficients entering the Fokker-Planck
equation have been derived with which its predictive power can be improved.


  In this paper we establish connections between common neighborhood Laplacian
and common neighborhood signless Laplacian energies and the first Zagreb index
of a graph $\mathcal{G}$. We introduce the concepts of CNL-hyperenergetic and
CNSL-hyperenergetic graphs and showed that $\mathcal{G}$ is neither
CNL-hyperenergetic nor CNSL-hyperenergetic if $\mathcal{G}$ is a complete
bipartite graph. We obtain certain relations between various energies of a
graph. Finally, we conclude the paper with several bounds for common
neighborhood Laplacian and signless Laplacian energies of a graph.


  Inspired by [Pan22], we give a new proof that for an overconvergent modular
eigenform $f$ of weight $1+k$ with $k\in\mathbb{Z}_{\ge1}$, assuming that its
associated global Galois representation $\rho_{f}$ is irreducible, then $f$ is
classical if and only if $\rho_{f}$ is de Rham at $p$. For the proof, we prove
that theta operator $\theta^{k}$ coincides with Fontaine operator in a suitable
sense.


  The young, fast-spinning, X-ray pulsar J0537-6910 displays an extreme glitch
activity, with large spin-ups interrupting its decelerating rotation every ~100
days. We present nearly 13 years of timing data from this pulsar, obtained with
the {\it Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer}. We discovered 22 new glitches and
performed a consistent analysis of all 45 glitches detected in the complete
data span. Our results corroborate the previously reported strong correlation
between glitch spin-up size and the time to the next glitch, a relation that
has not been observed so far in any other pulsar. The spin evolution is
dominated by the glitches, which occur at a rate ~3.5 per year, and the
post-glitch recoveries, which prevail the entire inter-glitch intervals. This
distinctive behaviour provides invaluable insights into the physics of
glitches. The observations can be explained with a multi-component model which
accounts for the dynamics of the neutron superfluid present in the crust and
core of neutron stars. We place limits on the moment of inertia of the
component responsible for the spin-up and, ignoring differential rotation, the
velocity difference it can sustain with the crust. Contrary to its rapid
decrease between glitches, the spin-down rate increased over the 13 years, and
we find the long-term braking index $n_{\rm l}=-1.22(4)$, the only negative
braking index seen in a young pulsar. We briefly discuss the plausible
interpretations of this result, which is in stark contrast to the predictions
of standard models of pulsar spin-down.


  In this article, we present a brief overview of some of the recent progress
made in identifying and generating finite dimensional integrable nonlinear
dynamical systems, exhibiting interesting oscillatory and other solution
properties, including quantum aspects. Particularly we concentrate on Lienard
type nonlinear oscillators and their generalizations and coupled versions.
Specific systems include Mathews-Lakshmanan oscillators, modified Emden
equations, isochronous oscillators and generalizations. Nonstandard Lagrangian
and Hamiltonian formulations of some of these systems are also briefly touched
upon. Nonlocal transformations and linearization aspects are also discussed.


  In this paper, we consider the synchronization of heterogeneous pulse-coupled
oscillators (PCOs), where some of the oscillators might be faulty or malicious.
The oscillators interact through identical pulses at discrete instants and
evolve continuously with different frequencies otherwise. Despite the presence
of misbehaviors, benign oscillators aim to reach synchronization. To achieve
this objective, two resilient synchronization protocols are developed in this
paper by adapting the real-valued mean-subsequence reduced (MSR) algorithm to
pulse-based interactions. The first protocol relies on packet-based
communication to transmit absolute frequencies, while the second protocol
operates purely with pulses to calculate relative frequencies. In both
protocols, each normal oscillator periodically counts the received pulses to
detect possible malicious behaviors. By disregarding suspicious pulses from its
neighbors, the oscillator updates both its phases and frequencies. The paper
establishes sufficient conditions on the initial states and graph structure
under which resilient synchronization is achieved in the PCO network.
Specifically, the normal oscillators can either detect the presence of
malicious nodes or synchronize in both phases and frequencies. Additionally, a
comparison between the two algorithms reveals a trade-off between relaxed
initial conditions and reduced communication burden.


  We combine the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS) DR8 photometry with
Gaia photometry to study the 3-D structure of Bootes I, Draco, Ursa Minor,
Sextans and Sculptor dwarf galaxies using blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars as
distance indicators. We construct a new colour-absolute magnitude of BHB stars
that we use to measure the distance gradients within the body of the dwarf
galaxies. We detect a statistically significant non-zero gradient only in
Sextans and Sculptor. Through modeling of the gradient and 2-D density of the
systems by triaxial Plummer models we find that the distance gradients in both
dwarf galaxies are inconsistent with prolate shape, but compatible with oblate
or triaxial shapes. In order to explain the observed gradients, oblate models
of Sextans and Sculptor need to have a significant intrinsic ellipticity larger
than $0.47$ for Sextans and $0.46$ for Sculptor. The flattened oblate shape may
imply a significant anisotropy in velocity distribution in order to be
consistent with the lack of significant velocity gradients in these systems.


  The search for neutrinoless double beta decay is a very active field in which
the number of proposals for next-generation experiments has proliferated. In
this paper we attempt to address both the sense and the sensitivity of such
proposals. Sensitivity comes first, by means of proposing a simple and
unambiguous statistical recipe to derive the sensitivity to a putative Majorana
neutrino mass, m_bb. In order to make sense of how the different experimental
approaches compare, we apply this recipe to a selection of proposals, comparing
the resulting sensitivities. We also propose a "physics-motivated range" (PMR)
of the nuclear matrix elements as a unifying criterium between the different
nuclear models. The expected performance of the proposals is parametrized in
terms of only four numbers: energy resolution, background rate (per unit time,
isotope mass and energy), detection efficiency, and bb isotope mass. For each
proposal, both a reference and an optimistic scenario for the experimental
performance are studied. In the reference scenario we find that all the
proposals will be able to partially explore the degenerate spectrum, without
fully covering it, although four of them (KamLAND-Zen, CUORE, NEXT and EXO)
will approach the 50 meV boundary. In the optimistic scenario, we find that
CUORE and the xenon-based proposals (KamLAND-Zen, EXO and NEXT) will explore a
significant fraction of the inverse hierarchy, with NEXT covering it almost
fully. For the long term future, we argue that Xe-based experiments may provide
the best case for a 1-ton scale experiment, given the potentially very low
backgrounds achievable and the expected scalability to large isotope masses.


  Graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising
materials for broadband and ultrafast photodetection and optical modulation.
These optoelectronic capabilities can augment complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices for high-speed and low-power optical
interconnects. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip ultrafast photodetector based on
a two-dimensional heterostructure consisting of high-quality graphene
encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. Coupled to the optical mode of a
silicon waveguide, this 2D heterostructure-based photodetector exhibits a
maximum responsivity of 0.36 A/W and high-speed operation with a 3 dB cut-off
at 42 GHz. From photocurrent measurements as a function of the top-gate and
source-drain voltages, we conclude that the photoresponse is consistent with
hot electron mediated effects. At moderate peak powers above 50 mW, we observe
a saturating photocurrent consistent with the mechanisms of electron-phonon
supercollision cooling. This nonlinear photoresponse enables optical on-chip
autocorrelation measurements with picosecond-scale timing resolution and
exceptionally low peak powers.


  We study linear-quadratic optimal control problems for Voterra systems, and
problems that are linear-quadratic in the control but generally nonlinear in
the state. In the case of linear-quadratic Volterra control, we obtain sharp
necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality. For problems that are
linear-quadratic in the control only, we obtain a novel form of necessary
conditions in the form of double Volterra equation; we prove the solvability of
such equations.


  Backgrounds depending on time and on "angular" variable, namely polarized and
unpolarized $S^1 \times S^2$ Gowdy models, are generated as the sector inside
the horizons of the manifold corresponding to axisymmetric solutions. As is
known, an analytical continuation of ordinary $D$-branes, $iD$-branes allows
one to find $S$-brane solutions. Simple models have been constructed by means
of analytic continuation of the Schwarzchild and the Kerr metrics. The
possibility of studying the $i$-Gowdy models obtained here is outlined with an
eye toward seeing if they could represent some kind of generalized $S$-branes
depending not only on time but also on an ``angular'' variable.


  The efficient and reliable verification of quantum states plays a crucial
role in various quantum information processing tasks. We consider the task of
verifying entangled states using one-way and two-way classical communication
and completely characterize the optimal strategies via convex optimization. We
solve these optimization problems using both analytical and numerical methods,
and the optimal strategies can be constructed for any bipartite pure state.
Compared with the nonadaptive approach, our adaptive strategies significantly
improve the efficiency of quantum state verification. Moreover, these
strategies are experimentally feasible, as only few local projective
measurements are required.


  We study the well-known variational and large deviation principle for graph
homomorphisms from $\mathbb{Z}^m$ to $\mathbb{Z}$. We provide a robust method
to deduce those principles under minimal a priori assumptions. The only
ingredient specific to the model is a discrete Kirszbraun theorem i.e. an
extension theorem for graph homomorphisms. All other ingredients are of a
general nature not specific to the model. They include elementary
combinatorics, the compactness of Lipschitz functions and a simplicial
Rademacher theorem. Compared to the literature, our proof does not need any
other preliminary results like e.g. concentration or strict convexity of the
local surface tension. Therefore, the method is very robust and extends to more
complex and subtle models, as e.g. the homogenization of limit shapes or
graph-homomorphisms to a regular tree.


  Existing research on malware classification focuses almost exclusively on two
tasks: distinguishing between malicious and benign files and classifying
malware by family. However, malware can be categorized according to many other
types of attributes, and the ability to identify these attributes in
newly-emerging malware using machine learning could provide significant value
to analysts. In particular, we have identified four tasks which are
under-represented in prior work: classification by behaviors that malware
exhibit, platforms that malware run on, vulnerabilities that malware exploit,
and packers that malware are packed with. To obtain labels for training and
evaluating ML classifiers on these tasks, we created an antivirus (AV) tagging
tool called ClarAVy. ClarAVy's sophisticated AV label parser distinguishes
itself from prior AV-based taggers, with the ability to accurately parse 882
different AV label formats used by 90 different AV products. We are releasing
benchmark datasets for each of these four classification tasks, tagged using
ClarAVy and comprising nearly 5.5 million malicious files in total. Our malware
behavior dataset includes 75 distinct tags - nearly 7x more than the only prior
benchmark dataset with behavioral tags. To our knowledge, we are the first to
release datasets with malware platform and packer tags.


  The excitation of the degenerate $E_1$ carbonyl stretching vibrations in
dimanganese decacarbonyl is shown to trigger wave packet circulation in the
subspace of these two modes. On the time scale of about 5 picoseconds
intramolecular anharmonic couplings do not cause appreciable disturbance, even
under conditions where the two $E_1$ modes are excited by up to about two
vibrational quanta each. The compactness of the circulating wave packet is
shown to depend strongly on the excitation conditions such as pulse duration
and field strength. Numerical results for the solution of the seven-dimensional
vibrational Schr\"odinger equation are obtained for a density functional theory
based potential energy surface and using the multi-configuration time-dependent
Hartree method.


  Magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind are distributed according to
Kolmogorov's power law $f^{-5/3}$ below the ion cyclotron frequency $f_{ci}$.
Above this frequency, the observed steeper power law is usually interpreted in
two different ways: a dissipative range of the solar wind turbulence or another
turbulent cascade, the nature of which is still an open question. Using the
Cluster magnetic data we show that after the spectral break the intermittency
increases toward higher frequencies, indicating the presence of non-linear
interactions inherent to a new inertial range and not to the dissipative range.
At the same time the level of compressible fluctuations raises. We show that
the energy transfer rate and intermittency are sensitive to the level of
compressibility of the magnetic fluctuations within the small scale inertial
range. We conjecture that the time needed to establish this inertial range is
shorter than the eddy-turnover time, and is related to dispersive effects. A
simple phenomenological model, based on the compressible Hall MHD, predicts the
magnetic spectrum $\sim k^{-7/3+2\alpha}$, which depends on the degree of
plasma compression $\alpha$.


  Symmetries of the physical world have guided formulation of fundamental laws,
including relativistic quantum field theory and understanding of possible
states of matter. Topological defects (TDs) often control the universal
behavior of macroscopic quantum systems, while topology and broken symmetries
determine allowed TDs. Taking advantage of the symmetry-breaking patterns in
the phase diagram of nanoconfined superfluid $^3$He, we show that half-quantum
vortices (HQVs) -- linear topological defects carrying half quantum of
circulation -- survive transitions from the polar phase to other superfluid
phases with polar distortion. In the polar-distorted A phase, HQV cores in 2D
systems should harbor non-Abelian Majorana modes. In the polar-distorted B
phase, HQVs form composite defects -- walls bounded by strings hypothesized
decades ago in cosmology. Our experiments establish the superfluid phases of
$^3$He in nanostructured confinement as a promising topological media for
further investigations ranging from topological quantum computing to cosmology
and grand unification scenarios.


  Main-group layered binary semiconductors, in particular, the III-VI alloys in
the binary Ga-Te system are attracting increasing interest for a range of
practical applications. The III-VI semiconductor, monoclinic gallium
monotelluride (m-GaTe), has been recently used in high-sensitivity
photodetectors/phototransistors and electronic memory applications due to its
anisotropic properties yielding superior optical and electrical performance.
Despite these applications, the origin of such anisotropy, namely the complex
structural and bonding environments in GaTe nanostructures remain to be fully
understood. In the present work, we report a comprehensive atomic-scale
characterization of m-GaTe by state-of-the-art element-resolved atomic-scale
microscopy experiments, enabling a direct measure of the in-plane anisotropy at
the sub-Angstrom level. We show that these experimental images compare well
with the results of first-principles modeling. Quantum-chemical bonding
analyses provide a detailed picture of the atomic neighbor interactions within
the layers, revealing that vertical Ga-Ga homopolar bonds get stronger when
they are distorted and rotated, inducing the strong in-plane anisotropy. Beyond
GaTe, using a systematic screening over the Materials Project database, we
identify four additional low-symmetric layered crystals with similar distorted
tetrahedral patterns, namely, GeP, GeAs, SiP, and SiAs. We thereby confirm the
homopolar-bond-induced anisotropy is a more generic feature in these layered
van-der-Waals materials.


  Active matter, comprising many active agents interacting and moving in fluids
or more complex environments, is a commonly occurring state of matter in
biological and physical systems. By its very nature active matter systems exist
in nonequilibrium states. In this paper the active agents are small Janus
colloidal particles that use chemical energy provided by chemical reactions
occurring on their surfaces for propulsion through a diffusiophoretic
mechanism. As a result of interactions among these colloids, either directly or
through fluid velocity and concentration fields, they may act collectively to
form structures such as dynamic clusters. A general nonequilibrium
thermodynamics framework for the description of such systems is presented that
accounts for both self-diffusiophoresis and diffusiophoresis due to external
concentration gradients, and is consistent with microreversibility. It predicts
the existence of a reciprocal effect of diffusiophoresis back onto the reaction
rate for the entire collection of colloids in the system, as well as the
existence of a clustering instability that leads to nonequilibrium
inhomogeneous system states.


  We present necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a
countably additive measure on a complete Boolean algebra.


  In this work we deal with a following nonlinear Schrodinger equation in
dimension greater or equal to 3, with a subcritical power-type nonlinearity and
a positive potential satisfying a local condition. We prove the existence and
concentration of nodal solutions which concentrate around a k - dimensional
sphere of RN, where k is between 1 and N-1, as a parameter goes to 0. The
radius of such sphere is related with the local minimum of a function which
takes into account the potential. Variational methods are used together with
the penalization technique in order to overcome the lack of compactness.


  Linear free divisors are free divisors, in the sense of K.Saito, with linear
presentation matrix (example: normal crossing divisors). Using techniques of
deformation theory on representations of quivers, we exhibit families of linear
free divisors as discriminants in representation spaces for real Schur roots of
a finite quiver. We review some basic material on quiver representations, and
explain in detail how to verify whether the discriminant is a free divisor and
how to determine its components and their equations, using techniques of A.
Schofield. As an illustration, the linear free divisors that arise as the
discriminant from the highest roots of Dynkin quivers of type E7 and E8 are
treated explicitly.


  Besides the String Theory context, the quantum General Relativity can be
studied by the use of constrained topological field theories. In the celebrated
Plebanski formalism, the constraints connecting topological field theories and
gravity are imposed in space-times with trivial topology. In the braneworld
context there are two distinct regions of the space-time, namely, the bulk and
the braneworld volume. In this work we show how to construct topological
gravity in a scenario containing one extra dimension and a delta-function like
3-brane which naturally emerges from a spontaneously broken discrete symmetry.
Starting from a D=5 theory we obtain the action for General Relativity in the
Palatini form in the bulk as well as in the braneworld volume. This result is
important for future insights about quantum gravity in brane scenarios.


  Classical trajectories are calculated for two Hamiltonian systems with ring
shaped potentials. Both systems are super-integrable, but not maximally
super-integrable, having four globally defined single valued integrals of
motion each. All finite trajectories are quasi-periodical; they become truly
periodical if a commensurability condition is imposed on an angular momentum
component.


  This paper proposes and analyzes an accelerated inexact dampened augmented
Lagrangian (AIDAL) method for solving linearly-constrained nonconvex composite
optimization problems. Each iteration of the AIDAL method consists of: (i)
inexactly solving a dampened proximal augmented Lagrangian (AL) subproblem by
calling an accelerated composite gradient (ACG) subroutine; (ii) applying a
dampened and under-relaxed Lagrange multiplier update; and (iii) using a novel
test to check whether the penalty parameter of the AL function should be
increased. Under several mild assumptions involving the dampening factor and
the under-relaxation constant, it is shown that the AIDAL method generates an
approximate stationary point of the constrained problem in ${\cal
O}(\varepsilon^{-5/2}\log\varepsilon^{-1})$ iterations of the ACG subroutine,
for a given tolerance $\varepsilon>0$. Numerical experiments are also given to
show the computational efficiency of the proposed method.


  We analyze the spectra of $10$ Green Pea galaxies, previously studied by
Henry et al. (2015), using a semi-analytical line transfer (SALT) model to
interpret emission and absorption features observed in UV galactic spectra. We
focus our analysis on various ionization states of silicon, associated with the
cool ($\sim 10^4$ K) and warm ($\sim 10^5$ K) gas. By analyzing low-ionization
lines, we study the relationships between the distribution and kinematics of
the outflowing H I gas and the observed Ly$\alpha$ escape fraction,
$f_{esc}^{Ly\alpha}$, as well as the Ly$\alpha$ emission peak separation,
$\Delta_{peak}$. We find that outflow geometries which leave a portion of the
source uncovered along the line of sight create the best conditions for
Ly$\alpha$ escape and have narrow peak separations, while geometries which
block the observer's view of the source create the worst conditions for
Ly$\alpha$ escape and have large peak separations. To isolate the effects of
outflow kinematics, we restricted our testing set to galaxies with spherical
outflows and found that $f_{esc}^{Ly\alpha}$ and the Ly$\alpha$ luminosity both
increase with the extent of the galactic winds. A simple estimate suggests that
the collisional excitation of neutral hydrogen by free electrons in the cool
gas of the winds can account for the Ly$\alpha$ luminosity observed in these
objects. Finally, we speculate on the relationship between outflows and the
escape of ionizing radiation from the CGM.


  Since 2013 round-the-clock monitoring of the sky is carried out
simultaneously in 96 space beams using the high-sensitivity radio telescope of
LPA (Large Phased Array) at the frequency 110.25 MHz. These observations are
made under the program of the interplanetary plasma investigation. The same
data is used for the search for pulsars by means of the power spectra. For the
increase of the pulsar search sensitivity the summation to 500-600 of power
spectra corresponding to the different days of the observations is made. In the
integrated spectra of the known pulsars, besides expected improvement of a
signal-to-noise ($S/N$) ratio for the frequency harmonics, were showed some
features which are explored in the paper. We present 27 strongest pulsars which
are in the field of declinations $21\degr - 42\degr$ at which the connection of
observable details in the integrated power spectra with the presence of pulsar
periods of the second ($P_2$) and third ($P_3$) class has been discovered. The
empirical relations for the calculation of these periods are obtained. The
value $P_2$ is estimated for 26 pulsars, and for 15 sources it is made for the
first time. The value $P_3$ is estimated for 13 pulsars, from them for 5
sources they are given for the first time.


  In this paper, we are mainly concerned with the well-posed problem of the
fractional Keller--Segel system in the framework of variable Lebesgue spaces.
Based on carefully examining the algebraical structure of the system, we
reduced the fractional Keller--Segel system into the generalized nonlinear heat
equation to overcome the difficulties caused by the boundedness of the Riesz
potential in a variable Lebesgue spaces, then by mixing some structural
properties of the variable Lebesgue spaces with the optimal decay estimates of
the fractional heat kernel, we were able to establish two well-posedness
results of the fractional Keller--Segel system in this functional setting.


  Let $G$ be a Lie group, and $H\subset G$ a closed subgroup. Let $\pi$ be an
irreducible unitary representation of $G$. In this paper, we briefly discuss
the orbit method and its application to the branching problem $\pi|_{H}$. We
use the Gan-Gross-Prasad branching law for $(G, H)= ( U(p,q), U(p, q-1) )$ as
an example to illustrate the relation between $\pro_{\f u(p, q-1)}^{\f u(p,q)}
\mc O(\lambda)$ and the branching law of the discrete series
$D_{\lambda}|_{U(p,q-1)}$ for $\lambda$ an regular elliptic element. We also
discuss some results regarding branching laws and wave front sets. The
presentation of this paper does not follow the historical timeline of
development.


  This paper describes how to compute algorithmically certain twisted signature
invariants of a knot $K$ using twisted Blanchfield forms. An illustration of
the algorithm is implemented on $(2,q)$-torus knots. Additionally, using
satellite formulas for these invariants, we also show how to obstruct the
sliceness of certain iterated torus knots.


  Nonnegative measure-valued solutions of the continuity equation are uniquely
determined by their initial condition, if the characteristic ODE associated to
the velocity field has a unique solution. In this paper we give a partial
extension of this result to signed measure-valued solutions, under a
quantitative two-sided Osgood condition on the velocity field. Our results
extend those obtained for log-Lipschitz vector fields by Bahouri and Chemin.


  Phase-targeted RXTE observations have allowed us to detect a transient 71.49
\pm 0.02 s signal that is most likely to be originating from the supergiant
fast X-ray transient IGR J17544-2619. The phase-folded light curve shows a
possible double-peaked structure with a pulsed flux of ~4.8*10^-12 erg cm^-2
s^-1 (3-10 keV). Assuming the signal to indicate the spin period of the neutron
star in the system, the provisional location of IGR J17544-2619 on the Corbet
diagram places the system within the classical wind-fed supergiant XRB region.
Such a result illustrates the growing trend of supergiant fast X-ray transients
to span across both of the original classes of HMXB in Porb - Pspin space.


  The resistivity in magnetic materials has been theoretically shown to depend
on the spin-spin correlation function which in turn depends on the
magnetic-field, the density of conduction electron, the magnetic ordering
stability, etc. However, these theories involved a lot of approximations, so
their validity remained to be confirmed. The purpose of this work is to show by
extensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulation the resistivity of the spin current from
low-$T$ ordered phase to high-$T$ paramagnetic phase in a ferromagnetic film.
We take into account the interaction between the itinerant spins and the
localized lattice spins as well as the interaction between itinerant spins
themselves. We show that the resistivity undergoes an anomalous behavior at the
magnetic phase transition in agreement with previous theories in spite of their
numerous approximations. The origin of the resistivity peak near the phase
transition in ferromagnets is interpreted here as stemming from the existence
of magnetic domains in the critical region. This interpretation is shown to be
in consistence with previous theoretical pictures. Resistivity in a simple
cubic antiferromagnet is also shown. The absence of a peak in this case is
explained.


  To date, the majority of video retrieval systems have been optimized for a
"single-shot" scenario in which the user submits a query in isolation, ignoring
previous interactions with the system. Recently, there has been renewed
interest in interactive systems to enhance retrieval, but existing approaches
are complex and deliver limited gains in performance. In this work, we revisit
this topic and propose several simple yet effective baselines for interactive
video retrieval via question-answering. We employ a VideoQA model to simulate
user interactions and show that this enables the productive study of the
interactive retrieval task without access to ground truth dialogue data.
Experiments on MSR-VTT, MSVD, and AVSD show that our framework using
question-based interaction significantly improves the performance of text-based
video retrieval systems.


  We describe the construction, validation and testing of a concept inventory
for an Introduction to Physics of Semiconductors course offered by the
department of physics for undergraduate engineering students. By design, this
inventory addresses both content knowledge and ability to interpret content via
different cognitive processes described in Bloom's taxonomy. The primary
challenge comes from the low number of test takers. Since the Rasch Model (aka
1PL IRT model), can be used with small sample sizes, we describe Rasch Modeling
analysis and results for this concept inventory.


  We present the detection of five planets -- Kepler-62b, c, d, e, and f -- of
size 1.31, 0.54, 1.95, 1.61 and 1.41 Earth radii, orbiting a K2V star at
periods of 5.7, 12.4, 18.2, 122.4 and 267.3 days, respectively. The outermost
planets (Kepler-62e & -62f) are super-Earth-size (1.25 < planet radius/earth
radius < 2.0) planets in the habitable zone (HZ) of their host star, receiving
1.2 +- 0.2 and 0.41 +- 0.05 times the solar flux at Earth's orbit. Theoretical
models of Kepler-62e and -62f for a stellar age of ~7 Gyr suggest that both
planets could be solid: either with a rocky composition or composed of mostly
solid water in their bulk.


  A new algorithm for computing Hecke operators for SL(n,Z) was introduced by
MacPherson, McConnell in 2020. The algorithm uses tempered perfect lattices,
which are certain pairs of lattices together with a quadratic form. These
generalize the perfect lattices of Voronoi. The present paper is the first step
in characterizing tempered perfect lattices. We obtain a complete
classification in the plane, where the Hecke operators are for SL(2,Z) and its
arithmetic subgroups. The results depend on the class field theory of orders in
imaginary quadratic number fields.


  The explorations of alternative dark matter (DM) candidates beyond WIMP
motivated primordial black holes (PBHs) or sub-GeV DM particle in the Milky
Way. Neutrinos from PBH evaporation at the present times play as a novel medium
boosting sub-GeV DM and leaving signatures in the terrestrial experiments. We
explore the boosted DM by the neutrino flux from PBH evaporation (PBH$\nu$BDM)
so as to connect the macroscopic PBHs to sub-GeV DM particle. We consider this
PBH$\nu$BDM scenario to interpret the XENON1T keV excess. The projected bounds
on the sub-GeV DM-electron scattering cross section and the fraction of DM
composed of PBHs $f_{\rm PBH}$ are imposed for future experiments.


  Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph. A dominating set of $G$ is a subset
$D\subseteq V$ such that every vertex not in $D$ is adjacent to at least one
vertex in $D$.The cardinality of a smallest dominating set of $G$, denoted by
$\gamma(G)$, is the domination number of $G$.For $k \geq 1$, a $k$-fair
dominating set($kFD$-set) in $G$, is a dominating set $S$ such that $|N(v) \cap
D|=k$ for every vertex $ v \in V\setminus D$.A fair dominating set, in $G$ is a
$kFD$-set for some integer $k\geq 1$.In this paper, after presenting
preliminaries, we count the number of fair dominating sets of some specific
graphs.


  We present a portable four-channel atomic magnetometer array operating in the
spin exchange relaxation-free regime. The magnetometer array has several design
features intended to maximize its suitability for biomagnetic measurement,
specifically foetal magnetocardiography, such as a compact modular design, and
fibre coupled lasers. The modular design allows the independent positioning and
orientation of each magnetometer, in principle allowing for non-planar array
geometries. Using this array in a magnetically shielded room, we acquire adult
magnetocadiograms. These measurements were taken with a 6-11 fT Hz^(-1/2)
single-channel baseline sensitivity that is consistent with the independently
measured noise level of the magnetically shielded room.


  We present a method for tracking Maximally Stable Homogeneous Regions (MSHR)
in images with an arbitrary number of channels. MSHR are conceptionally very
similar to Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) and Maximally Stable Color
Regions (MSCR), but can also be applied to hyperspectral and color images while
remaining extremely efficient. The presented approach makes use of the
edge-based component-tree which can be calculated in linear time. In the
tracking step, the MSHR are localized by matching them to the nodes in the
component-tree. We use rotationally invariant region and gray-value features
that can be calculated through first and second order moments at low
computational complexity. Furthermore, we use a weighted feature vector to
improve the data association in the tracking step. The algorithm is evaluated
on a collection of different tracking scenes from the literature. Furthermore,
we present two different applications: 2D object tracking and the 3D
segmentation of organs.