  Identification of a non-trivial $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ index in a spinful two
dimensional insulator indicates the presence of an odd, quantized
(pseudo)spin-resolved Chern number, $C_{s}=(C_{\uparrow}-C_{\downarrow})/2$.
However, the statement is not biconditional. An odd spin-Chern number can
survive when the familiar $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ index vanishes. Identification of
solid-state systems hosting an odd, quantized $C_{s}$ and trivial
$\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ index is a pressing issue due to the potential for such
insulators to admit band gaps optimal for experiments and quantum devices.
Nevertheless, they have proven elusive due to the computational expense
associated with their discovery. In this work, a neural network capable of
identifying the spin-Chern number is developed and used to identify the first
solid-state systems hosting a trivial $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ index and odd $C_{s}$.
We demonstrate the potential of one such system, Ti$_{2}$CO$_{2}$, to support
Majorana corner modes via the superconducting proximity effect.


  After giving some definitions for vertex operator SUPERalgebras and their
modules, we construct an associative algebra corresponding to any vertex
operator superalgebra, such that the representations of the vertex operator
algebra are in one-to-one correspondence with those of the corresponding
associative algebra. A way is presented to decribe the fusion rules for the
vertex operator superalgebras via modules of the associative algebra. The above
are generalizations of Zhu's constructions for vertex operator algebras. Then
we deal in detail with vertex operator superalgebras corresponding to
Neveu-Schwarz algebras, super affine Kac-Moody algebras, and free fermions. We
use the machinery established above to find the rationality conditions,
classify the representations and compute the fusion rules. In the appendix, we
present explicit formulas for singular vectors and defining relations for the
integrable representations of super affine algebras. These formulas are not
only crucial for the theory of the corresponding vertex operator superalgebras
and their representations, but also of independent interest.


  In the paper we compare well known numerical methods of finding PageRank
vector. We propose Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and obtain a new estimation
for this method. We also propose a new method for PageRank problem based on the
reduction of this problem to the matrix game. We solve this (sparse) matrix
game with randomized mirror descent. It should be mentioned that we used
non-standard randomization (in KL-projection) goes back to
Grigoriadis-Khachiayn (1995).


  Indexing is an effective way to support efficient query processing in large
databases. Recently the concept of learned index, which replaces or complements
traditional index structures with machine learning models, has been actively
explored to reduce storage and search costs. However, accurate and efficient
similarity query processing in high-dimensional metric spaces remains to be an
open challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel indexing approach called LIMS
that uses data clustering, pivot-based data transformation techniques and
learned indexes to support efficient similarity query processing in metric
spaces. In LIMS, the underlying data is partitioned into clusters such that
each cluster follows a relatively uniform data distribution. Data
redistribution is achieved by utilizing a small number of pivots for each
cluster. Similar data are mapped into compact regions and the mapped values are
totally ordinal. Machine learning models are developed to approximate the
position of each data record on disk. Efficient algorithms are designed for
processing range queries and nearest neighbor queries based on LIMS, and for
index maintenance with dynamic updates. Extensive experiments on real-world and
synthetic datasets demonstrate the superiority of LIMS compared with
traditional indexes and state-of-the-art learned indexes.


  We introduce ideas that complement the many known connections between
polymatroids and graph coloring. Given a hypergraph that satisfies certain
conditions, we construct polymatroids, given as rank functions, that can be
written as sums of rank functions of matroids, and for which the minimum number
of matroids required in such sums is the chromatic number of the line graph of
the hypergraph. This result motivates introducing chromatic numbers and
chromatic polynomials for polymatroids. We show that the chromatic polynomial
of any 2-polymatroid is a rational multiple of the chromatic polynomial of some
graph. We also find the excluded minors for the minor-closed class of
polymatroids that can be written as sums of rank functions of matroids that
form a chain of quotients.


  Quantifying the virality of cascades is an important question across
disciplines such as the transmission of disease, the spread of information and
the diffusion of innovations. An appropriate virality metric should be able to
disambiguate between a shallow, broadcast-like diffusion process and a deep,
multi-generational branching process. Although several valuable works have been
dedicated to this field, most of them fail to take the position of the
diffusion source into consideration, which makes them fall into the trap of
graph isomorphism and would result in imprecise estimation of cascade virality
inevitably under certain circumstances.
  In this paper, we propose a root-aware approach to quantifying the virality
of cascades with proper consideration of the root node in a diffusion tree.
With applications on synthetic and empirical cascades, we show the properties
and potential utility of the proposed virality measure. Based on preferential
attachment mechanisms, we further introduce a model to mimic the growth of
cascades. The proposed model enables the interpolation between broadcast and
viral spreading during the growth of cascades. Through numerical simulations,
we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in characterizing the
virality of growing cascades. Our work contributes to the understanding of
cascade virality and growth, and could offer practical implications in a range
of policy domains including viral marketing, infectious disease and information
diffusion.


  We investigate the high-pressure phase transitions in BiFeO3 by single
crystal and powder x-ray diffraction, as well as single crystal Raman
spectroscopy. Six phase transitions are reported in the 0-60 GPa range. At low
pressures, up to 15 GPa, 4 transitions are evidenced at 4, 5, 7 and 11 GPa. In
this range, the crystals display large unit cells and complex domain
structures, which suggests a competition between complex tilt systems and
possibly off-center cation displacements. The non polar Pnma phase remains
stable over a large pressure range between 11 and 38 GPa, where the distortion
(tilt angles) changes only little with pressure. The two high-pressure phase
transitions at 38 and 48 GPa are marked by the occurence of larger unit cells
and an increase of the distorsion away from the cubic parent perovskite cell.
We find no evidence for a cubic phase at high pressure, nor indications that
the structure tends to become cubic. The previously reported insulator-to-metal
transition at 50 GPa appears to be symmetry breaking.


  Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) determines an ensemble of collision-free
paths for multiple agents between their respective start and goal locations.
Among the available MAPF planners for workspace modeled as a graph, A*-based
approaches have been widely investigated due to their guarantees on
completeness and solution optimality, and have demonstrated their efficiency in
many scenarios. However, almost all of these A*-based methods assume that each
agent executes an action concurrently in that all agents start and stop
together. This article presents a natural generalization of MAPF with
asynchronous actions (MAPF-AA) where agents do not necessarily start and stop
concurrently. The main contribution of the work is a proposed approach called
Loosely Synchronized Search (LSS) that extends A*-based MAPF planners to handle
asynchronous actions. We show LSS is complete and finds an optimal solution if
one exists. We also combine LSS with other existing MAPF methods that aims to
trade-off optimality for computational efficiency. Numerical results are
presented to corroborate the performance of LSS and the applicability of the
proposed method is verified in the Robotarium, a remotely accessible swarm
robotics research platform.


  "Concurrence topology" (Ellis and Klein \emph{Homology, Homotopy, and
Applications,} \textbf{16}) is a TDA method for binary data. The idea is to
construct a filtration consisting of Dowker complexes then compute persistent
homology. Persistent classes correspond to a form of negative statistical
association among the variables.
  Suppose we have two groups of binary variables each displaying negative
association, manifested in nontrivial concurrence homology in dimensions $p$
and in one group and $q$ in the other \emph{when the groups of variables are
considered individually.} Suppose, however, that the two \emph{groups} of
variables are statistically independent of each other. Now combine the two
groups of variables and suppose the sample size is large. Then representative
cycles, one from each group of variables, will combine to produce a cycle in
dimension $p+q+1$. This is a chain level phenomenon, but we show it has a
signature in homology. Looking for this signature can be used to study the
dependence among groups of variables.


  We present the results of a photometric study of the early-type galaxy NGC
6876 and the surrounding globular cluster system (GCS). The host galaxy is a
massive elliptical, the brightest of this type in the Pavo Group. According to
its intrinsic brightness (M_v~-22.7), it is expected to belong to a galaxy
cluster instead of a poor group. Observational material consists of g', r', i'
images obtained with the Gemini/GMOS camera. The selected globular cluster (GC)
candidates present a clear bimodal colour distribution at different
galactocentric radii, with mean colours and dispersions for the metal-poor
("blue") and metal-rich ("red") typical of old GCs. The red subpopulation
dominates close to the galaxy centre, in addition to the radial projected
distribution showing that they are more concentrated towards the galaxy centre.
The azimuthal projected distribution shows an overdensity in the red
subpopulation in the direction of a trail observed in X-ray that could be
evidence of interactions with its spiral neighbour NGC 6872. The turn-over of
the luminosity function gives an estimated distance modulus (m - M)~ 33.5 and
the total population amounts to 9400 GCs, i.e. a quite populous system. The
halo mass obtained using the number ratio (i.e. the number of GCs with respect
to the baryonic and dark mass) gives a total of ~10^13, meaning it is a very
massive galaxy, given the environment.


  We obtain bounds on the cardinality of $pcf(\mathfrak{a})$ from instances of
weak diamond. Consequently, under mild assumptions there are many singular
cardinals of the from $\aleph_\delta$ for which
$2^{\aleph_\delta}<\aleph_{(|\delta|^{+3})}$. For example, if every limit
cardinal is a strong limit cardinal then this bound holds at a class of
singular cardinals.


  We consider the two-dimensional uniformly frustrated XY model in the limit of
small frustration, which is equivalent to an XY system, for instance a
Josephson junction array, in a weak uniform magnetic field applied along a
direction orthogonal to the lattice. We show that the uniform frustration
(equivalently, the magnetic field) destabilizes the line of fixed points which
characterize the critical behaviour of the XY model for T <= T_{KT}, where
T_{KT} is the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature: the system is
paramagnetic at any temperature for sufficiently small frustration. We predict
the critical behaviour of the correlation length and of gauge-invariant
magnetic susceptibilities as the frustration goes to zero. These predictions
are fully confirmed by the numerical simulations.


  The Markov evolution is studied of an infinite age-structured population of
migrants arriving in and departing from a continuous habitat $X
\subseteq\mathds{R}^d$ -- at random and independently of each other. Each
population member is characterized by its age $a\geq 0$ (time of presence in
the population) and location $x\in X$. The population states are probability
measures on the space of the corresponding marked configurations. The result of
the paper is constructing the evolution $\mu_0 \to \mu_t$ of such states by
solving a standard Fokker-Planck equation for this models. We also found a
stationary state $\mu$ existing if the emigration rate is separated away from
zero. It is then shown that $\mu_t$ weakly converges to $\mu$ as $t\to
+\infty$.


  We show that Casimir-force calculations for a finite number of
non-overlapping obstacles can be mapped onto quantum-mechanical billiard-type
problems which are characterized by the scattering of a fictitious point
particle off the very same obstacles. With the help of a modified Krein trace
formula the genuine/finite part of the Casimir energy is determined as the
energy-weighted integral over the log-determinant of the multi-scattering
matrix of the analog billiard problem. The formalism is self-regulating and
inherently shows that the Casimir energy is governed by the infrared end of the
multi-scattering phase shifts or spectrum of the fluctuating field. The
calculation is exact and in principle applicable for any separation(s) between
the obstacles. In practice, it is more suited for large- to medium-range
separations. We report especially about the Casimir energy of a fluctuating
massless scalar field between two spheres or a sphere and a plate under
Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. But the formalism can easily be
extended to any number of spheres and/or planes in three or arbitrary
dimensions, with a variety of boundary conditions or non-overlapping
potentials/non-ideal reflectors.


  We present the first lattice-QCD calculation of the isovector polarized
parton distribution functions (both helicity and transversity) using the
large-momentum effective field theory (LaMET) approach for direct Bjorken-$x$
dependence. We first review the detailed steps of the procedure in the
unpolarized case, then generalize to the helicity and transversity cases. We
also derive a new mass-correction formulation for all three cases. We then
compare the effects of each finite-momentum correction using lattice data
calculated at $M_\pi\approx 310$ MeV. Finally, we discuss the implications of
these results for the poorly known antiquark structure and predict the
sea-flavor asymmetry in the transversely polarized nucleon.


  The time evolution of probability density, the ground-state fidelity and the
entanglement of a Bose-Fermi mixture in a 1D double well potential, are studied
through the two mode approximation. We found that the behaviour of the quantum
return probability shows three distinct regions. The first region is
characterized by a complete miscibility, and correlated tunneling of bosons and
fermion. The second region is characterized by correlated sequential tunneling
and in the last region we found an increase in the tunneling frequency of the
two species.
  We found through the Von Neumann entropy, that the boson-fermion coupling
allows a maximum entanglement of quantum correlations of bosons and fermions in
the same value. Finally we calculated the fidelity in the
$\lambda_{FF}-\lambda_{BF}$ and $\lambda_{BB}-\lambda_{BF}$ planes and we found
that the drop of the two fidelities becomes deeper and deeper as the
boson-fermion interaction decreases.


  Let $p$ be a prime number, $K$ be the henselization of the rational functions
over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$ and $R$ be the ring of additive
polynomials over K. We show that the field of Laurent series over
$\mathbb{F}_p$ is decidable seen as an R-module. Moreover, we provide a
recursively enumerable axiom system (satisfied by $K$) in the language of
$R$-modules together with a unary predicate for the valuation ring, modulo
which every positive primitive formula is equivalent to a universal formula.
Consequently the $R$-module theory of the field of Laurent series is
model-complete in this language and admits $K$ as its prime model.


  We search for super-imposed oscillations linearly or logarithmically spaced
in Fourier wavenumbers in Planck and South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G) 2018
temperature and polarization data. The SPT-3G temperature and polarization data
provide a new window to test these oscillations at high multipoles beyond the
Planck angular resolution and sensitivity. We consider both models with a
constant and a Gaussian modulated amplitude, which correspond to three and four
additional parameters beyond power-law primordial power spectrum for the
templates considered, respectively. We find that each of the four models
considered can provide an improved fit to Planck data, consistently with
previous findings, and to SPT-3G data, always compared to $\Lambda$CDM. For a
constant amplitude of the superimposed oscillations, we find tighter
constraints on the amplitude of the oscillations from the combined
Planck/SPT-3G data set than in each individual data sets. When the ranges of
parameters which provide a better fit to Planck and SPT-3G data overlap, as in
the case of Gaussian modulated oscillations, we find a larger $\Delta \chi^2$ -
$- 17 \, (-16)$ for logarithmic (linear) oscillations - in a combined
Planck/SPT-3G data set than in each individual data sets. These findings will
be further tested with upcoming CMB temperature and polarization measurements
at high multipoles provided by ongoing ground experiments.


  We present near-infrared (H- and K-band) integral-field observations of the
circumnuclear star formation rings in five nearby spiral galaxies. The data,
obtained at the Very Large Telescope with the SINFONI spectrograph, are used to
construct maps of various emission lines that reveal the individual star
forming regions ("hot spots") delineating the rings. We derive the
morphological parameters of the rings, and construct velocity fields of the
stars and the emission line gas. We propose a qualitative, but robust,
diagnostic for relative hot spot ages based on the intensity ratios of the
emission lines Brackett gamma, HeI, and [FeII]. Application of this diagnostic
to the data presented here provides tentative support for a scenario in which
star formation in the rings is triggered predominantly at two well-defined
regions close to, and downstream from, the intersection of dust lanes along the
bar with the inner Lindblad resonance.


  Quantum systems are prone to decoherence due to both intrinsic interactions
as well as random fluctuations from the environment. Using the Pechukas-Yukawa
formalism, we investigate the influence of noise on the dynamics of an
adiabatically evolving Hamiltonian which can describe a quantum computer. Under
this description, the level dynamics of a parametrically perturbed quantum
Hamiltonian are mapped to the dynamics of 1D classical gas. We show that our
framework coincides with the results of the classical Landau-Zener transitions
upon linearisation. Furthermore, we determine the effects of external noise on
the level dynamics and its impact on Landau-Zener transitions.


  The measurement of the flux of beryllium neutrinos with the accuracy of about
10% and CNO neutrinos with the accuracy 30% will enable to find the flux of
pp-neutrinos in the source with the accuracy better than 1% using the
luminosity constraint. The future experiments on \nu e- scattering will enable
to measure with very good accuracy the flux of beryllium and pp-neutrinos on
the Earth. The ratio of the flux of pp-neutrinos on the Earth and in the source
will enable to find with very good accuracy a mixing angle theta solar. Lithium
detector has high sensitivity to CNO neutrinos and can find the contribution of
CNO cycle to the energy generated in the Sun. This will be a stringent test of
the theory of stellar evolution and combined with other experiments will
provide a precise determination of the flux of pp-neutrinos in the source and a
mixing angle theta solar. The work on the development of the technology of
lithium experiment is now in progress.


  Recent neural network models for image captioning usually employ an
encoder-decoder architecture, where the decoder adopts a recursive sequence
decoding way. However, such autoregressive decoding may result in sequential
error accumulation and slow generation which limit the applications in
practice. Non-autoregressive (NA) decoding has been proposed to cover these
issues but suffers from language quality problem due to the indirect modeling
of the target distribution. Towards that end, we propose an improved NA
prediction framework to accelerate image captioning. Our decoding part consists
of a position alignment to order the words that describe the content detected
in the given image, and a fine non-autoregressive decoder to generate elegant
descriptions. Furthermore, we introduce an inference strategy that regards
position information as a latent variable to guide the further sentence
generation. The Experimental results on public datasets show that our proposed
model achieves better performance compared to general NA captioning models,
while achieves comparable performance as autoregressive image captioning models
with a significant speedup.


  Service provisioning mechanisms implemented across 5G infrastructures take
broadly into use the network service chain concept. Typically, it is coupled
with Network Function Virtualization (NFV) paradigm, and consists in defining a
pre-determined path traversed by a set of softwarized network nodes to provide
specific services. A well known chain-like framework is the IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS), a key infrastructure of 5G networks, that we characterize both
by a performance and an availability perspective. Precisely, supported by a
designed from scratch testbed realized through Clearwater platform, we perform
a stochastic assessment of a softwarized IMS (softIMS) architecture where two
main stages stand out: i) a performance analysis, where, exploiting the
queueing network decomposition method, we formalize an optimization problem of
resource allocation by modeling each softIMS node as an M/G/c system; ii) an
availability assessment, where, adopting the Stochastic Reward Net methodology,
we are able to characterize the behavior of softIMS in terms of failure/repair
events, and to derive a set of optimal configurations satisfying a given
availability requirement (e.g. five nines) while minimizing deployment costs.
Two routines dubbed OptCNT and OptSearchChain have been devised to govern the
performance and availability analyses, respectively.


  A new dataset (N = 7,456) analyzes women's research authorship in the
Association for Computing Machinery's founding 13 Special Interest Groups or
SIGs, a proxy for computer science. ACM SIGs expanded during 1970-2000; each
experienced increasing women's authorship. But diversity abounds. Several SIGs
had fewer than 10% women authors while SIGUCCS (university computing centers)
exceeded 40%. Three SIGs experienced accelerating growth in women's authorship;
most, including a composite ACM, had decelerating growth. This research may
encourage reform efforts, often focusing on general education or workforce
factors (across the entity of "computer science"), to examine under-studied
dynamics within computer science that shaped changes in women's participation.


  Data in 5-day bins, recently released by the Super-Kamiodande Consortium, has
been analyzed by a likelihood procedure that has certain advantages over the
Lomb-Scargle procedure used by the consortium. The two most prominent peaks in
the power spectrum of the 10-day data were at 9.42 y-1 and 26.57 y-1, and it
was clear that one was an alias of the other caused by the regularity of the
binning. There were reasons to believe that the 9.42 y-1 peak was an alias of
the 26.57 y-1 peak, but analysis of the 5-day data makes it clear that the
reverse is the case. In addition to a strong peak near 9.42 y-1, we find peaks
at 43.72 y-1and at 39.28 y-1. After comparing this analysis with a
power-spectrum analysis of magnetic-field data, we suggest that these three
peaks may be attributed to a harmonic of the solar rotation rate and to an
r-mode oscillation with spherical harmonic indices l = 2, m = 2.


  The RXTE satellite observed the Coma cluster for 177 ksec during November and
December 2000, a second observation motivated by the intriguing results from
the first 87 ksec observation in 1996. Analysis of the new dataset confirms
that thermal emission from isothermal gas does not provide a good fit to the
spectral distribution of the emission from the inner 1 degree radial region.
While the observed spectrum may be fit by emission from gas with a substantial
temperature gradient, it is more likely that the emission includes also a
secondary non-thermal component. If so, non-thermal emission comprises ~8% of
the total 4--20 keV flux. Interpreting this emission as due to Compton
scattering of relativistic electrons (which produce the known extended radio
emission) by the cosmic microwave background radiation, we determine that the
mean, volume-averaged magnetic field in the central region of Coma is B =
0.1-0.3 microgauss.


  We study the topological mass generation in the 4 dimensional nonabelian
gauge theory, which is the extension of the Allen $et$ $al.$'s work in the
abelian theory. It is crucial to introduce a one form auxiliary field in
constructing the gauge invariant nonabelian action which contains both the one
form vector gauge field $A$ and the two form antisymmetric tensor field $B$. As
in the abelian case, the topological coupling $m B\wedge F$, where $F$ is the
field strength of $A$, makes the transmutation among $A$ and $B$ possible, and
consequently we see that the gauge field becomes massive. We find the
BRST/anti-BRST transformation rule using the horizontality condition, and
construct a BRST/anti-BRST invariant quantum action.


  The interleaved regulator (implemented by IEEE TSN Asynchronous Traffic
Shaping) is used in time-sensitive networks for reshaping the flows with
per-flow contracts. When applied to an aggregate of flows that come from a FIFO
system, an interleaved regulator that reshapes the flows with their initial
contracts does not increase the worst-case delay of the aggregate. This
shaping-for-free property supports the computation of end-to-end latency bounds
and the validation of the network's timing requirements. A common method to
establish the properties of a network element is to obtain a network-calculus
service-curve model. The existence of such a model for the interleaved
regulator remains an open question. If a service-curve model were found for the
interleaved regulator, then the analysis of this mechanism would no longer be
limited to the situations where the shaping-for-free holds, which would widen
its use in time-sensitive networks. In this paper, we investigate if
network-calculus service curves can capture the behavior of the interleaved
regulator. We find that an interleaved regulator placed outside of the
shaping-for-free requirements (after a non-FIFO system) can yield unbounded
latencies. Consequently, we prove that no network-calculus service curve exists
to explain the interleaved regulator's behavior. It is still possible to find
non-trivial service curves for the interleaved regulator. However, their
long-term rate cannot be large enough to provide any guarantee (specifically,
we prove that for the regulators that process at least four flows with the same
contract, the long-term rate of any service curve is upper bounded by three
times the rate of the per-flow contract).


  The mechanical properties of polymer knots under stretching in a bad or good
solvent are investigated by applying a given force $F$ to a point of the knot
while keeping another point fixed. The Monte Carlo sampling of the polymer
conformations on a simple cubic lattice is performed using a variant of the
Wang-Landau algorithm. The results of the calculations of the specific energy,
specific heat capacity and gyration radius for several knot topologies show a
general trend in the behavior of short polymer knots with lengths up to seventy
lattice units. At low tensile force $F$, knots can be found either in a compact
or an extended phase, depending if the temperature is low or high. At any
temperature, with increasing values of the force $F$, a polymer knot undergoes
a phase transition to a stretched state. This transition is characterized by a
strong peak in the heat capacity. There is also a minor peak, which corresponds
to a transition occurring at low temperatures when the conformations of
polymers in the stretched phase become swollen with increasing temperatures. It
is also shown that the behavior of short polymer rings is strongly influenced
by topological effects. The limitations in the number of accessible energy
states due to topological constraints is particularly evident in knots of small
size and such that their minimum number of crossing according to the Rolfsen
knot table is high. An example is provided by a cinquefoil knot $5_1$ with a
length of only fifty lattice units. The thermal and mechanical properties of
knots that can be represented with diagrams having the same minimum number of
crossings, are very similar. The size effects on the behavior of polymer knots
have been analyzed too. Surprisingly, it is found that topological effects fade
out very fast with increasing polymer length.


  The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) has identified large
numbers of dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) over a wide range in redshift. A
detailed understanding of these DSFGs is hampered by the limited spatial
resolution of Herschel. We present 870um 0.45" resolution imaging from the
Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of 29 HerMES DSFGs with
far-infrared (FIR) flux densities in between the brightest of sources found by
Herschel and fainter DSFGs found in ground-based sub-millimeter (sub-mm)
surveys. We identify 62 sources down to the 5-sigma point-source sensitivity
limit in our ALMA sample (sigma~0.2mJy), of which 6 are strongly lensed
(showing multiple images) and 36 experience significant amplification (mu>1.1).
To characterize the properties of the ALMA sources, we introduce and make use
of uvmcmcfit, a publicly available Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis tool for
interferometric observations of lensed galaxies. Our lens models tentatively
favor intrinsic number counts for DSFGs with a steep fall off above 8mJy at
880um. Nearly 70% of the Herschel sources comprise multiple ALMA counterparts,
consistent with previous research indicating that the multiplicity rate is high
in bright sub-mm sources. Our ALMA sources are located significantly closer to
each other than expected based on results from theoretical models as well as
fainter DSFGs identified in the LABOCA ECDFS Submillimeter Survey. The high
multiplicity rate and low projected separations argue in favor of interactions
and mergers driving the prodigious emission from the brightest DSFGs as well as
the sharp downturn above S_880=8mJy.


  Within the framework of Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity we quantize the
Hamiltonian for a gauge vector field. The regularization can be performed using
tools analogous to the ones adopted in full Loop Quantum Gravity, while the
matrix elements of the resulting operator between basis states are analytic
coefficients. This analysis is the first step towards deriving the full quantum
gravity corrections to the vector field semiclassical dynamics.


  We consider the space of probability measures on a discrete set $X$, endowed
with a dynamical optimal transport metric. Given two probability measures
supported in a subset $Y \subseteq X$, it is natural to ask whether they can be
connected by a constant speed geodesic with support in $Y$ at all times. Our
main result answers this question affirmatively, under a suitable geometric
condition on $Y$ introduced in this paper. The proof relies on an extension
result for subsolutions to discrete Hamilton-Jacobi equations, which is of
independent interest.


  We investigate the formation of double-peaked asymmetric line profiles of CO
in the fundamental band spectra emitted by young (1-5Myr) protoplanetary disks
hosted by a 0.5-2 Solar mass star. Distortions of the line profiles can be
caused by the gravitational perturbation of an embedded giant planet with q=4.7
10^-3 stellar-to-planet mass ratio. Locally isothermal, 2D hydrodynamic
simulations show that the disk becomes globally eccentric inside the planetary
orbit with stationary ~0.2-0.25 average eccentricity after ~2000 orbital
periods. For orbital distances 1-10 AU, the disk eccentricity is peaked inside
the region where the fundamental band of CO is thermal excitated. Hence, these
lines become a sensitive indicators of the embedded planet via their
asymmetries (both in flux and wavelength). We find that the line shape
distortions (e.g. distance, central dip, asymmetry and positions of peaks) of a
given transition depend on the excitation energy (i.e. on the rotational
quantum number J). The magnitude of line asymmetry is increasing/decreasing
with J if the planet orbits inside/outside the CO excitation zone (R_CO<=3, 5
and 7 AU for a 0.5,1 and 2 Solar mass star, respectively), thus one can
constrain the orbital distance of a giant planet by determining the slope of
peak asymmetry-J profile. We conclude that the presented spectroscopic
phenomenon can be used to test the predictions of planet formation theories by
pushing the age limits for detecting the youngest planetary systems.


  We briefly show how classical mechanics can be rederived and better
understood as a consequence of three assumptions: infinitesimal reducibility,
deterministic and reversible evolution, and kinematic equivalence.


  [Abridged]We investigate the long-term secular dynamics and Lidov-Kozai(LK)
eccentricity oscillations of quadruple systems composed of two binaries at
quadrupole and octupole order in the perturbing Hamiltonian. We show that the
fraction of systems reaching high eccentricities is enhanced relative to triple
systems, over a broader range of parameter space. We show that this fraction
grows with time, unlike triple systems evolved at quadrupole order. This is
fundamentally because with their additional degrees of freedom, quadruple
systems do not have a maximal set of commuting constants of the motion, even in
secular theory at quadrupole order. We discuss these results in the context of
star-star and white dwarf-white dwarf(WD) binaries, with emphasis on WD-WD
mergers and collisions relevant to the Type Ia supernova problem. For star-star
systems, we find that more than 30% of systems reach high eccentricity within a
Hubble time, potentially forming triple systems via stellar mergers or close
binaries. For WD-WD systems, taking into account general relativistic and tidal
precession and dissipation, we show that the merger rate is enhanced in
quadruple systems relative to triple systems by a factor of 3.5-10, and that
the long-term evolution of quadruple systems leads to a delay-time distribution
~1/t for mergers and collisions. In GW-driven mergers of compact objects, we
classify the mergers by their evolutionary patterns in phase space and identify
a regime in ~8% of orbital shrinking mergers, where eccentricity oscillations
occur on the general relativistic precession timescale, rather than the much
longer LK timescale. Finally, we generalize previous treatments of oscillations
in the inner binary eccentricity to eccentric mutual orbits. We assess the
merger rate in quadruple and triple systems and the implications for their
viability as progenitors of stellar mergers and SNe Ia.


  The continuous emergence of novel services and massive connections involve
huge energy consumption towards ultra-dense radio access networks. Moreover,
there exist much more number of controllable parameters that can be adjusted to
reduce the energy consumption from a network-wide perspective. However, a
network-level energy-saving intent usually contains multiple network objectives
and constraints. Therefore, it is critical to decompose a network-level
energy-saving intent into multiple levels of configurated operations from a
top-down refinement perspective. In this work, we utilize a softgoal
interdependency graph decomposition model to assist energy-saving scheme
design. Meanwhile, we propose an energy-saving approach based on deep
Q-network, which achieve a better trade-off among the energy consumption, the
throughput, and the first packet delay. In addition, we illustrate how the
decomposition model can assist in making energy-saving decisions. Evaluation
results demonstrate the performance gain of the proposed scheme in accelerating
the model training process.


  The present study aims to describe an innovative approach that enables the
system to achieve high yielding for biohydrogen (bio-H$_2$) production using
xylose as a by-product of lignocellulosic biomass processing. A hybrid
optimization technique, structural modelling, desirability analysis, and
genetic algorithm could determine the optimum input factors to maximize useful
biogas parameters, especially bio-H$_2$ and CH$_4$. As found, the input factors
(pretreatment, digestion time and biogas relative pressure) and volatile fatty
acids (acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) had indirectly and
significantly impacted the bio-H$_2$ and desirability score. The pretreatment
factor had the most effect on bio-H$_2$ and CH$_4$ production among the
factors, and after that, were propionic acid and digestion time. The
optimization method showed that the best pretreatment was acidic pretreatment,
digestion time > 20 h, relative pressure in a range of 300-800 mbar, acetic
acid in a range of 90-200 mg/L, propionic acid in a range of 20-150 mg/L, and
butyric acid in a range of 250-420 mg/L. These values caused to produce H$_2$ >
10.2 mmol/L, CH$_4$ > 3.9 mmol/L, N$_2$ < 15.3 mmol/L, CO$_2$ < 19.5 mmol/L,
total biogas > 0.31 L, produced biogas > 0.10 L, and accumulated biogas > 0.41
L.


  Very odd sequences were introduced in 1973 by J. Pelikan who conjectured that
there were none of length >=5. This conjecture was disproved by MacWilliams and
Odlyzko in 1977 who proved there are in fact many very odd sequences. We give
connections of these sequences with duadic codes, cyclic difference sets,
levels (Stufen) of cyclotomic fields, and derive some new asymptotic results on
their lengths and on S(n), which denotes the number of very odd sequences of
length n.


  I will present the latest results on particle identified spectra and two
particle correlations at high transverse momentum measured with the STAR
detector at RHIC. I will compare those measurements with the projected
capabilities for the LHC using the ALICE detector. The effects of string
fragmentation and quark recombination in the intermediate momentum range will
be discussed in the context of hadron formation in proton-proton and Au-Au
collisions, as well as energy loss mechanisms in the dense partonic phase. The
necessity for gamma-jet and heavy quark jet measurements will be detailed based
on the ambiguity of existing particle identified results.


  Conventional machine learning algorithms cannot be applied until a data
matrix is available to process. When the data matrix needs to be obtained from
a relational database via a feature extraction query, the computation cost can
be prohibitive, as the data matrix may be (much) larger than the total input
relation size. This paper introduces Rk-means, or relational k -means
algorithm, for clustering relational data tuples without having to access the
full data matrix. As such, we avoid having to run the expensive feature
extraction query and storing its output. Our algorithm leverages the underlying
structures in relational data. It involves construction of a small {\it grid
coreset} of the data matrix for subsequent cluster construction. This gives a
constant approximation for the k -means objective, while having asymptotic
runtime improvements over standard approaches of first running the database
query and then clustering. Empirical results show orders-of-magnitude speedup,
and Rk-means can run faster on the database than even just computing the data
matrix.


  We study the relation between the symplectomorphism group Symp M of a closed
connected symplectic manifold M and the symplectomorphism and diffeomorphism
groups Symp \TM and Diff \TM of its one point blow up \TM. There are three main
arguments. The first shows that for any oriented M the natural map from pi_1(M)
to pi_0(Diff \TM) is often injective. The second argument applies when M is
simply connected and detects nontrivial elements in the homotopy group
pi_1(Diff \TM) that persist into the space of self homotopy equivalences of
\TM. Since it uses purely homological arguments, it applies to c-symplectic
manifolds (M,a), that is, to manifolds of dimension 2n that support a class a
in H^2(M;R) such that a^n\ne 0.
  The third argument uses the symplectic structure on M and detects nontrivial
elements in the (higher) homology of BSymp \TM using characteristic classes
defined by parametric Gromov--Witten invariants. Some results about many point
blow ups are also obtained. For example we show that if M is the 4-torus with
k-fold blow up \TM_k (where k>0) then pi_1(Diff \TM_k) is not generated by the
groups pi_1\Symp (\TM_k, \Tom) as \Tom ranges over the set of all symplectic
forms on \TM_k.


  The $V_{lowk}$-renormalization group approach on the surface of Fermi liquid
for nuclear matter to which Tom Kuo made a pioneering contribution at Stony
Brook is found to inject the pivotal input in the formulation of the
generalized nuclear effective field theory with acronym ``G$n$EFT" applicable
to superdense compact-star physics. A topology change in terms of skyrmions and
half-skyrmions is shown to play the role of the ``putative" hadron-quark
continuity (HQC)" conjectured in QCD. Crucially involved are hidden local
symmetry (``HLS") and hidden scale symmetry (``HSS") with the vacuum sliding
with density in nuclear medium, with the nuclear tensor force emerging as a
Landau Fermi-liquid fixed-point quantity. A possibly novel paradigm, a
``Cheshire Catism," in nuclear correlations is suggested.


  It is well known that a compact two dimensional surface is homeomorphic to a
polygon with the edges identified in pairs. This paper not only presents a new
proof of this statement but also generalizes it to any connected
$n$-dimensional stellar manifold with a finite number of vertices. The study of
an $n$-dimensional stellar sphere with the boundary faces identified in pairs
leads us to Coxeter groups of stellar manifolds. Analysis of these Coxeter
groups allows us to single out the class of so called flat stellar manifolds.
Flat stellar manifolds are not only very common but also possess a range of
simple properties that allow to prove some difficult long standing statements.
In particular, there exists a simple proof of the Poincar\`e conjecture for
flat manifolds.It is not possible to carry out this simple proof for a general
stellar manifolds because of certain singularities that can be characterized in
terms of Coxeter groups. The results and ideas presented in this paper not only
open a new way that may lead to entirely combinatorial and algebraic proof of
the Poincar\`e conjecture but also suggest a new technique for studying stellar
manifolds in terms of properties of their Coxeter groups.


  Existing pre-trained transformer analysis works usually focus only on one or
two model families at a time, overlooking the variability of the architecture
and pre-training objectives. In our work, we utilize the oLMpics benchmark and
psycholinguistic probing datasets for a diverse set of 29 models including T5,
BART, and ALBERT. Additionally, we adapt the oLMpics zero-shot setup for
autoregressive models and evaluate GPT networks of different sizes. Our
findings show that none of these models can resolve compositional questions in
a zero-shot fashion, suggesting that this skill is not learnable using existing
pre-training objectives. Furthermore, we find that global model decisions such
as architecture, directionality, size of the dataset, and pre-training
objective are not predictive of a model's linguistic capabilities.


  In two-dimensional (2D) metallic kagome lattice materials, destructive
interference of electronic hopping pathways around the kagome bracket can
produce nearly localized electrons, and thus electronic bands that are flat in
momentum space. When ferromagnetic order breaks the degeneracy of the
electronic bands and splits them into the spin-up majority and spin-down
minority electronic bands, quasiparticle excitations between the spin-up and
spin-down flat bands should form a narrow localized spin-excitation Stoner
continuum coexisting with well-defined spin waves in the long wavelengths. Here
we report inelastic neutron scattering studies of spin excitations in 2D
metallic Kagome lattice antiferromagnetic FeSn and paramagnetic CoSn, where
angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments found spin-polarized and
nonpolarized flat bands, respectively, below the Fermi level. Although our
initial measurements on FeSn indeed reveal well-defined spin waves extending
well above 140 meV coexisting with a flat excitation at 170 meV, subsequent
experiments on CoSn indicate that the flat mode actually arises mostly from
hydrocarbon scattering of the CYTOP-M commonly used to glue the samples to
aluminum holder. Therefore, our results established the evolution of spin
excitations in FeSn and CoSn, and identified an anomalous flat mode that has
been overlooked by the neutron scattering community for the past 20 years.


  Perception-distortion trade-off is well-understood for single-image
super-resolution. However, its extension to video super-resolution (VSR) is not
straightforward, since popular perceptual measures only evaluate naturalness of
spatial textures and do not take naturalness of flow (temporal coherence) into
account. To this effect, we propose a new measure of spatio-temporal perceptual
video quality emphasizing naturalness of optical flow via the perceptual
straightness hypothesis (PSH) for meaningful spatio-temporal
perception-distortion trade-off. We also propose a new architecture for
perceptual VSR (PSVR) to explicitly enforce naturalness of flow to achieve
realistic spatio-temporal perception-distortion trade-off according to the
proposed measures. Experimental results with PVSR support the hypothesis that a
meaningful perception-distortion tradeoff for video should account for the
naturalness of motion in addition to naturalness of texture.


  The problem of merging databases arises in many government and commercial
applications. Schema matching, a common first step, identifies equivalent
fields between databases. We introduce a schema matching framework that builds
nonparametric Bayesian models for each field and compares them by computing the
probability that a single model could have generated both fields. Our
experiments show that our method is more accurate and faster than the existing
instance-based matching algorithms in part because of the use of nonparametric
Bayesian models.


  We investigate the effects of disorder on single particle time-evolution and
two-particle correlations in an array of evanescently coupled waveguides with
position-dependent tunneling rates. In the clean limit, the energy spectrum of
such an array is widely tunable. In the presence of a Hermitian on-site or
tunneling disorder, we find that the localization of a wave packet is highly
sensitive to this energy spectrum. In particular, for an input confined to a
single waveguide, we show that the fraction of light localized to the original
waveguide depends on the tunneling profile. We compare the two-particle
intensity correlations in the presence of Hermitian, tunneling disorder and
non-Hermitian, parity-and-time-reversal ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric, on-site
potential disorder. We show the two-particle correlation function in both cases
is qualitatively similar, since both disorders preserve the particle-hole
symmetric nature of the energy spectrum.


  In these notes, we describe the recent progress in understanding the zero
sets of two remarkable Gaussian random functions: the Gaussian entire function
with invariant distribution of zeroes with respect to isometries of the complex
plane, and Gaussian spherical harmonics on the two-dimensional sphere.


  We solve the problem of ultrashort pulse propagation in a two-level medium
beyond the rotating-wave (RWA) and slowly-varying-envelope approximations. The
method of solution is based on the Maxwell--Bloch equations represented in the
form that allows one to switch between RWA and general (non-RWA) cases in the
framework of a single numerical algorithm. Using this method, the effect of a
subcycle pulse (containing less than a single period of field oscillations) on
the two-level medium was analyzed. It is shown that for such short pulses, the
clear breakdown of the area theorem occurs for the pulses of large enough area.
Moreover, deviations from the area theorem appear to be strongly dependent on
the pulse shape that cannot be observed for longer few-cycle pulses.


  A graph $H$ is \emph{common} if the number of monochromatic copies of $H$ in
a 2-edge-colouring of the complete graph $K_n$ is asymptotically minimised by
the random colouring, or equivalently, $t_H(W)+t_H(1-W)\geq 2^{1-e(H)}$ holds
for every graphon $W:[0,1]^2\rightarrow [0,1]$, where $t_H(.)$ denotes the
homomorphism density of the graph $H$. Paths and cycles being common is one of
the earliest cornerstones in extremal graph theory, due to Mulholland and Smith
(1959), Goodman (1959), and Sidorenko (1989).
  We prove a graph homomorphism inequality that extends the commonality of
paths and cycles. Namely, $t_H(W)+t_H(1-W)\geq t_{K_2}(W)^{e(H)}
+t_{K_2}(1-W)^{e(H)}$ whenever $H$ is a path or a cycle and
$W:[0,1]^2\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is a bounded symmetric measurable function.
  This answers a question of Sidorenko from 1989, who proved a slightly weaker
result for even-length paths to prove the commonality of odd cycles.
Furthermore, it also settles a recent conjecture of Behague, Morrison, and Noel
in a strong form, who asked if the inequality holds for graphons $W$ and odd
cycles $H$. Our proof uses Schur convexity of complete homogeneous symmetric
functions, which may be of independent interest.


  In this paper we give an elementary proof of the Zariski-Lipman conjecture
for log canonical spaces.


  Afterimages result from a prolonged exposure to still visual stimuli. They
are best detectable when viewed against uniform backgrounds and can persist for
multiple seconds. Consequently, the dynamics of afterimages appears to be slow
by their very nature. To the contrary, we report here that about 50% of an
afterimage intensity can be erased rapidly--within less than a second. The
prerequisite is that subjects view a rich visual content to erase the
afterimage; fast erasure of afterimages does not occur if subjects view a blank
screen. Moreover, we find evidence that fast removal of afterimages is a skill
learned with practice as our subjects were always more effective in cleaning up
afterimages in later parts of the experiment. These results can be explained by
a tri-level hierarchy of adaptive mechanisms, as has been proposed by the
theory of practopoiesis.


  We study the time coherence of the photoluminescence radiated by spatially
indirect excitons confined in a 10 $\mu$m electrostatic trap. Above a critical
temperature of 1 Kelvin, we show that the photoluminescence has a homogeneous
spectral width of about 500 $\mu$eV which weakly varies with the exciton
density. By contrast, the spectral width reduces by two-fold below the critical
temperature and for experimental parameters at which excitons undergo a gray
Bose-Einstein condensation. In this regime, we find evidence showing that the
excitons temporal coherence is limited by their interaction with a
low-concentration of residual excess charges, leading to a minimum
photoluminescence spectral width of around 300 $\mu$eV.


  We present a theoretical method for solving the chemical evolution of
galaxies, by assuming an instantaneous recycling approximation for chemical
elements restored by massive stars and the Delay Time Distribution formalism
for the delayed chemical enrichment by Type Ia Supernovae. The galaxy gas mass
assembly history, together with the assumed stellar yields and initial mass
function, represent the starting point of this method. We derive a simple and
general equation which closely relates the Laplace transforms of the galaxy gas
accretion history and star formation history, which can be used to simplify the
problem of retrieving these quantities in the galaxy evolution models assuming
a linear Schmidt-Kennicutt law. We find that - once the galaxy star formation
history has been reconstructed from our assumptions - the differential equation
for the evolution of the chemical element $X$ can be suitably solved with
classical methods. We apply our model to reproduce the [O/Fe] and [Si/Fe] vs.
[Fe/H] chemical abundance patterns as observed at the solar neighborhood, by
assuming a decaying exponential infall rate of gas and different delay time
distributions for Type Ia Supernovae; we also explore the effect of assuming a
nonlinear Schmidt-Kennicutt law, with the index of the power law being $k=1.4$.
Although approximate, we conclude that our model with the single degenerate
scenario for Type Ia Supernovae provides the best agreement with the observed
set of data. Our method can be used by other complementary galaxy stellar
population synthesis models to predict also the chemical evolution of galaxies.


  Though network pruning receives popularity in reducing the complexity of
convolutional neural networks (CNNs), it remains an open issue to concurrently
maintain model accuracy as well as achieve significant speedups on general
CPUs. In this paper, we propose a novel 1xN pruning pattern to break this
limitation. In particular, consecutive N output kernels with the same input
channel index are grouped into one block, which serves as a basic pruning
granularity of our pruning pattern. Our 1xN pattern prunes these blocks
considered unimportant. We also provide a workflow of filter rearrangement that
first rearranges the weight matrix in the output channel dimension to derive
more influential blocks for accuracy improvements and then applies similar
rearrangement to the next-layer weights in the input channel dimension to
ensure correct convolutional operations. Moreover, the output computation after
our 1xN pruning can be realized via a parallelized block-wise vectorized
operation, leading to significant speedups on general CPUs. The efficacy of our
pruning pattern is proved with experiments on ILSVRC-2012. For example, given
the pruning rate of 50% and N=4, our pattern obtains about 3.0% improvements
over filter pruning in the top-1 accuracy of MobileNet-V2. Meanwhile, it
obtains 56.04ms inference savings on Cortex-A7 CPU over weight pruning. Our
project is made available at https://github.com/lmbxmu/1xN.


  In this paper the fractional order logistic map in the sense of Caputo's
fractional differences is numerically approached. It is shown that the
necessary iterations number to avoid transients must be of order of thousand,
not of order of hundreds as commonly used in several works. Also, it is
revealed an interesting phenomenon according to which for every initial
condition it correspond a different bifurcation diagram. This phenomenon seems
to appear also in other FO difference systems, fact which could represent an
obstacle for the numerical analysis. A short Matlab code is used to obtain the
results.


  In the projective space $\mathrm{PG}(3,q)$, we consider the orbits of lines
under the stabilizer group of the twisted cubic. In the literature, lines of
$\mathrm{PG}(3,q)$ are partitioned into classes, each of which is a union of
line orbits. In this paper, all classes of lines consisting of a unique orbit
are found. For the remaining line types, with one exception, it is proved that
they consist exactly of two or three orbits; sizes and structures of these
orbits are determined. Also, the subgroups of the stabilizer group of the
twisted cubic fixing lines of the orbits are obtained. Problems which remain
open for one type of lines are formulated and, for $5\le q\le37$ and $q=64$, a
solution is provided.


  This paper addresses the long-standing challenge of reconstructing 3D
structures from videos with dynamic content. Current approaches to this problem
were not designed to operate on casual videos recorded by standard cameras or
require a long optimization time.
  Aiming to significantly improve the efficiency of previous approaches, we
present TracksTo4D, a learning-based approach that enables inferring 3D
structure and camera positions from dynamic content originating from casual
videos using a single efficient feed-forward pass. To achieve this, we propose
operating directly over 2D point tracks as input and designing an architecture
tailored for processing 2D point tracks. Our proposed architecture is designed
with two key principles in mind: (1) it takes into account the inherent
symmetries present in the input point tracks data, and (2) it assumes that the
movement patterns can be effectively represented using a low-rank
approximation. TracksTo4D is trained in an unsupervised way on a dataset of
casual videos utilizing only the 2D point tracks extracted from the videos,
without any 3D supervision. Our experiments show that TracksTo4D can
reconstruct a temporal point cloud and camera positions of the underlying video
with accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art methods, while drastically
reducing runtime by up to 95\%. We further show that TracksTo4D generalizes
well to unseen videos of unseen semantic categories at inference time.


  We investigate in this paper the effect of the measurement error on the
performance of Run Rules control charts monitoring the coefficient of variation
(CV) squared. The previous Run Rules CV chart in the literature is improved
slightly by monitoring the CV squared using two one-sided Run Rules charts
instead of monitoring the CV itself using a two-sided chart. The numerical
results show that this improvement gives better performance in detecting
process shifts. Moreover, we will show through simulation that the
\textit{precision} and \textit{accuracy} errors do have negative effect on the
performance of the proposed Run Rules charts. We also find out that taking
multiple measurements per item is not an effective way to reduce these negative
effects.


  We investigate the $\mathcal F$-Borel complexity of topological spaces in
their different compactifcations. We provide a simple proof of the fact that a
space can have arbitrarily many different complexities in different
compactifications. We also develop a theory of representations of $\mathcal
F$-Borel sets, and show how to apply this theory to prove that the complexity
of hereditarily Lindel\"of spaces is absolute (that is, it is the same in every
compactification). We use these representations to characterize the
complexities attainable by a specific class of topological spaces. This
provides an alternative proof of the first result, and implies the existence of
a space with non-absolute additive complexity. We discuss the method used by
Talagrand to construct the first example of a space with non-absolute
complexity, hopefully providing an explanation which is more accessible than
the original one. We also discuss the relation of complexity and local
complexity, and show how to construct amalgamation-like compactifications.


  The criticality of self-assembled rigid rods on triangular lattices is
investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. We find a continuous transition
between an ordered phase, where the rods are oriented along one of the three
(equivalent) lattice directions, and a disordered one. We conclude that
equilibrium polydispersity of the rod lengths does not affect the critical
behavior, as we found that the criticality is the same as that of monodisperse
rods on the same lattice, in contrast with the results of recently published
work on similar models.


  Entity Set Expansion (ESE) is a valuable task that aims to find entities of
the target semantic class described by given seed entities. Various Natural
Language Processing (NLP) and Information Retrieval (IR) downstream
applications have benefited from ESE due to its ability to discover knowledge.
Although existing corpus-based ESE methods have achieved great progress, they
still rely on corpora with high-quality entity information annotated, because
most of them need to obtain the context patterns through the position of the
entity in a sentence. Therefore, the quality of the given corpora and their
entity annotation has become the bottleneck that limits the performance of such
methods. To overcome this dilemma and make the ESE models free from the
dependence on entity annotation, our work aims to explore a new ESE paradigm,
namely corpus-independent ESE. Specifically, we devise a context pattern
generation module that utilizes autoregressive language models (e.g., GPT-2) to
automatically generate high-quality context patterns for entities. In addition,
we propose the GAPA, a novel ESE framework that leverages the aforementioned
GenerAted PAtterns to expand target entities. Extensive experiments and
detailed analyses on three widely used datasets demonstrate the effectiveness
of our method. All the codes of our experiments are available at
https://github.com/geekjuruo/GAPA.


  We compare theoretical results for the characteristic frequency of the
Rayleigh peak calculated in one-loop order within the field theoretical method
of the renormalization group theory with experiments and other theoretical
results. Our expressions describe the non-asymptotic crossover in temperature,
density and wave vector. In addition we discuss the frequency dependent shear
viscosity evaluated within the same model and compare our theoretical results
with recent experiments in microgravity.


  Thermal disc winds occur in many contexts and may be particularly important
to the secular evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary discs heated by high
energy radiation from their central star. In this paper we generalise previous
models of self-similar thermal winds - which have self-consistent morphology
and variation of flow variables - to the case of launch from an elevated base
and to non-isothermal conditions. These solutions are well-reproduced by
hydrodynamic simulations, in which, as in the case of isothermal winds launched
from the mid-plane, we find winds launch at the maximum Mach number for which
the streamline solutions extend to infinity without encountering a singularity.
We explain this behaviour based on the fact that lower Mach number solutions do
not fill the spatial domain. We also show that hydrodynamic simulations reflect
the corresponding self-similar models across a range of conditions appropriate
to photoevaporating protoplanetary discs, even when gravity, centrifugal
forces, or changes in the density gradient mean the problem is not inherently
scale free. Of all the parameters varied, the elevation of the wind base
affected the launch velocity and flow morphology most strongly, with
temperature gradients causing only minor differences. We explore how launching
from an elevated base affects Ne II line profiles from winds, finding it
increases (reduces) the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the line at low
(high) inclination to the line of sight compared with models launched from the
disc mid-plane and thus weakens the dependence of the FWHM on inclination.


  Tensor product states have proved extremely powerful for simulating the
area-law entangled states of many-body systems, such as the ground states of
gapped Hamiltonians in one dimension. The applicability of such methods to the
\emph{dynamics} of many-body systems is less clear: the memory required grows
exponentially in time in most cases, quickly becoming unmanageable. New methods
reduce the memory required by selectively discarding/dissipating parts of the
many-body wavefunction which are expected to have little effect on the
hydrodynamic observables typically of interest: for example, some methods
discard fine-grained correlations associated with $n$-point functions, with $n$
exceeding some cutoff $\ell_*$. In this work, we present a theory for the sizes
of `backflow corrections', i.e., systematic errors due to discarding this
fine-grained information. In particular, we focus on their effect on transport
coefficients. Our results suggest that backflow corrections are exponentially
suppressed in the size of the cutoff $\ell_*$. Moreover, the backflow errors
themselves have a hydrodynamical expansion, which we elucidate. We test our
predictions against numerical simulations run on random unitary circuits and
ergodic spin-chains. These results lead to the conjecture that transport
coefficients in ergodic diffusive systems can be captured to a given precision
$\epsilon$ with an amount of memory scaling as
$\exp[\mathcal{O}(\log(\epsilon)^2)]$, significantly better than the naive
estimate of memory $\exp[\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{poly}(\epsilon^{-1}))]$ required
by more brute-force methods.


  We study the rotational inertia of a model of supersolid in the frame of the
mean field Gross-Pitaevskii theory in one space dimension. We discuss the
ground state of the model and the existence of a non classical inertia (NCRI)
under rotation that models an annular geometry. An explicit formula for the
NCRI is deduced. It depends on the density profil of the ground state, in full
agreement with former theories. We compare the NCRI computed through this
theory with direct numerical simulations of rotating 1D systems.


  This paper addresses the problem of identifying a linear time-varying (LTV)
system characterized by a (possibly infinite) discrete set of delays and
Doppler shifts. We prove that stable identifiability is possible if the upper
uniform Beurling density of the delay-Doppler support set is strictly smaller
than 1/2 and stable identifiability is impossible for densities strictly larger
than 1/2. The proof of this density theorem reveals an interesting relation
between LTV system identification and interpolation in the Bargmann-Fock space.
Finally, we introduce a subspace method for solving the system identification
problem at hand.


  We give constraints on smooth families of 4-manifolds with boundary using
Manolescu's Seiberg-Witten Floer stable homotopy type, provided that the
fiberwise restrictions of the families to the boundaries are trivial families
of 3-manifolds. As an application, we show that, for a simply-connected
oriented compact smooth 4-manifold $X$ with boundary with an assumption on the
Fr{\o}yshov invariant or the Manolescu invariants $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ of
$\partial X$, the inclusion map $\mathrm{Diff}(X,\partial) \hookrightarrow
\mathrm{Homeo}(X,\partial)$ between the groups of diffeomorphisms and
homeomorphisms which fix the boundary pointwise is not a weak homotopy
equivalence. This combined with a classical result in dimension 3 implies that
the inclusion map $\mathrm{Diff}(X) \hookrightarrow \mathrm{Homeo}(X)$ is also
not a weak homotopy equivalence under the same assumption on $\partial X$. Our
constraints generalize both of constraints on smooth families of closed
4-manifolds proven by Baraglia and a Donaldson-type theorem for smooth
4-manifolds with boundary originally due to Fr{\o}yshov.


  The ellipsoidal capacity function of a symplectic four manifold $X$ measures
how much the form on $X$ must be dilated in order for it to admit an embedded
ellipsoid of eccentricity $z$. In most cases there are just finitely many
obstructions to such an embedding besides the volume. If there are infinitely
many obstructions, $X$ is said to have a staircase. This paper gives an almost
complete description of the staircases in the ellipsoidal capacity functions of
the symplectic Hirzebruch surfaces $H_b$ formed by blowing up the projective
plane with weight $b$. We describe an interweaving, recursively defined, family
of obstructions to symplectic embeddings of ellipsoids that show there is an
open dense set of shape parameters $b$ that are blocked, i.e. have no
staircase, and an uncountable number of other values of $b$ that do admit
staircases. The remaining $b$-values form a countable sequence of special
rational numbers that are closely related to the symmetries discussed in
Magill--McDuff (arXiv:2106.09143). We show that none of them admit ascending
staircases. Conjecturally, none admit descending staircases. Finally, we show
that, as long as $b$ is not one of these special rational values, any staircase
in $H_b$ has irrational accumulation point. A crucial ingredient of our proofs
is the new, more indirect approach to using almost toric fibrations in the
analysis of staircases by Magill (arXiv:2204.12460). In particular, the
structure of the relevant mutations of the set of almost toric fibrations on
$H_b$ is echoed in the structure of the set of blocked $b$-intervals.


  Recent detections of high-energy $\gamma$-rays from behind-the-limb (BTL)
solar flares by the \emph{Fermi $\gamma$-ray Space Telescope} pose a puzzle and
challenge on the particle acceleration and transport mechanisms. In such
events, the $\gamma$-ray emission region is located away from the BTL flare
site by up to tens of degrees in heliogrpahic longitude. It is thus
hypothesized that particles are accelerated at the shock driven by the coronal
mass ejection (CME) and then travel from the shock downstream back to the front
side of the Sun to produce the observed $\gamma$-rays. To test this scenario,
we performed data-driven, global magnetohydrodynamics simulations of the CME
associated with a well-observed BTL flare on 2014 September 1. We found that
part of the CME-driven shock develops magnetic connectivity with the
$\gamma$-ray emission region, facilitating transport of particles back to the
Sun. Moreover, the observed increase in $\gamma$-ray flux is temporally
correlated with (1) the increase of the shock compression ratio and (2) the
presence of a quasi-perpendicular shock over the area that is magnetically
connected to the $\gamma$-ray emitting region, both conditions favoring the
diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of particles. These results support the
above hypothesis and can help resolve another puzzle, i.e., long-duration (up
to 20 hours) $\gamma$-rays flares. We suggest that, in addition to DSA,
stochastic acceleration by plasma turbulence may also play a role, especially
in the shock downstream region and during the early stage when the shock
Alfv\'{e}n Mach number is small.


  Using the residue class rings we analyze the structure of sequences of
musical intervals for the all-interval tone-semitone series and the quart modes
as well. The relations we stated show the enharmonic return of the series to
the initial point.


  We use maximal gauged supergravity in four dimensions to construct the
gravity dual of a class of supersymmetric conformal interfaces in the theory on
the world-volume of multiple M2-branes. We study three classes of examples in
which the $(1+1)$-dimensional defects preserve $(4,4)$, $(0,2)$ or $(0,1)$
supersymmetry. Many of the solutions have the maximally supersymmetric $AdS_4$
vacuum dual to the $\mathcal{N}=8$ ABJM theory on both sides of the interface.
We also find new special classes of solutions including one that interpolates
between the maximally supersymmetric vacuum and a conformal fixed point with
$\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry and $G_2$ global symmetry. We find another
solution that interpolates between two distinct conformal fixed points with
$\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry and $G_2$ global symmetry. In eleven dimensions,
this $G_2$ to $G_2$ solution corresponds to a domain wall across which a
magnetic flux reverses orientation.


  We study diffusion of the Josephson phase in the asymmetric SQUID subjected
to a time-periodic current and pierced by an external magnetic flux. We analyze
a relation between phase diffusion and quality of transport characterized by
the dc voltage across the SQUID and efficiency of the device. In doing so, we
concentrate on the previously reported regime [J. Spiechowicz and J. {\L}uczka,
New J. Phys. \textbf{17}, 023054 (2015)] for which efficiency of the SQUID
attains a global maximum. For long times, the mean-square displacement of the
phase is a linear function of time, meaning that diffusion is normal. Its
coefficient is small indicating rather regular phase evolution. However, it can
be magnified \emph{several times} by tailoring experimentally accessible
parameters like amplitudes of the ac current or external magnetic flux.
Finally, we prove that in the deterministic limit this regime is essentially
\emph{non-chaotic} and possesses an unexpected simplicity of attractors.


  We present metrics for measuring the similarity of states in a finite Markov
decision process (MDP). The formulation of our metrics is based on the notion
of bisimulation for MDPs, with an aim towards solving discounted infinite
horizon reinforcement learning tasks. Such metrics can be used to aggregate
states, as well as to better structure other value function approximators
(e.g., memory-based or nearest-neighbor approximators). We provide bounds that
relate our metric distances to the optimal values of states in the given MDP.


  We prove that in NTP_2 theories if p is a dependent type with dp-rank >=
\kappa, then this can be witnessed by indiscernible sequences of tuples
satisfying p. If p has dp-rank infinity, then this can be witnessed by
singletons (in any theory).


  We consider natural cardinal invariants hm_n and prove several duality
theorems, saying roughly: if I is a suitably definable ideal and provably
cov(I)>=hm_n, then non(I) is provably small. The proofs integrate the
determinacy theory, forcing and pcf theory.


  Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language over continuous-time signals
(such as trajectories of a multi-agent system) that allows for the
specification of complex spatial and temporal system requirements (such as
staying sufficiently close to each other within certain time intervals). To
promote robustness in multi-agent motion planning with such complex
requirements, we consider motion planning with the goal of maximizing the
temporal robustness of their joint STL specification, i.e. maximizing the
permissible time shifts of each agent's trajectory while still satisfying the
STL specification. Previous methods presented temporally robust motion planning
and control in a discrete-time Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)
optimization scheme. In contrast, we parameterize the trajectory by continuous
B\'ezier curves, where the curvature and the time-traversal of the trajectory
are parameterized individually. We show an algorithm generating continuous-time
temporally robust trajectories and prove soundness of our approach. Moreover,
we empirically show that our parametrization realizes this with a considerable
speed-up compared to state-of-the-art methods based on constant interval time
discretization.


  We show that a subfactor planar algebra of finite depth $k$ is generated by a
single $s$-box, for $s \leq min\{k+4,2k\}$.


  The radiative decay is believed to be an ideal lab to study hadronic
structure of newly observed resonances because the reactions are governed by
only the electromagnetic interaction (tree level). However, to obtain correct
theoretical values, one has to properly deal with the non-perturbative QCD
effects in the wavefunction and hadronization. In this work we derive the
formulas for the radiative decays of $0^{++}$ and $1^{-+}$ heavy mesons in the
light front quark model (LFQM). Because $\mathcal{B}(\chi_{c0}\rightarrow
J/\psi\gamma)$ is well measured, the theoretical evaluation of the transition
rate can be used to test our approach. Within this theoretical framework, the
width of $\chi_{b0}\rightarrow \Upsilon(1S)\gamma$ is evaluated. The formulas
can be applied to identify the inner structures of new resonances, for example
the isospin of $h_{c(b)}$ and the structure of $D_s(2317)$, via processes
$h_c\rightarrow \eta_c\gamma$, $h_b\rightarrow \eta_b\gamma$ and
$D_s(2317)\rightarrow D_s^*+\gamma$.


  Network decomposition is a central concept in the study of distributed graph
algorithms. We present the first polylogarithmic-round deterministic
distributed algorithm with small messages that constructs a strong-diameter
network decomposition with polylogarithmic parameters.
  Concretely, a ($C$, $D$) strong-diameter network decomposition is a
partitioning of the nodes of the graph into disjoint clusters, colored with $C$
colors, such that neighboring clusters have different colors and the subgraph
induced by each cluster has a diameter at most $D$. In the weak-diameter
variant, the requirement is relaxed by measuring the diameter of each cluster
in the original graph, instead of the subgraph induced by the cluster.
  A recent breakthrough of Rozho\v{n} and Ghaffari [STOC 2020] presented the
first $\text{poly}(\log n)$-round deterministic algorithm for constructing a
weak-diameter network decomposition where $C$ and $D$ are both in
$\text{poly}(\log n)$. Their algorithm uses small $O(\log n)$-bit messages. One
can transform their algorithm to a strong-diameter network decomposition
algorithm with similar parameters. However, that comes at the expense of
requiring unbounded messages. The key remaining qualitative question in the
study of network decompositions was whether one can achieve a similar result
for strong-diameter network decompositions using small messages. We resolve
this question by presenting a novel technique that can transform any black-box
weak-diameter network decomposition algorithm to a strong-diameter one, using
small messages and with only moderate loss in the parameters.


  We present a scattering theory description for the inelastic current noise in
the presence of electron-vibration interactions. In this description, we
specify elastic and inelastic scattering contributions to the shot noise by
examining charge transfers between scattering states and energy exchange
between electrons and vibrations. The elastic and inelastic scattering
processes are further decomposed into current correlations of electrons at the
same energy and those of electrons at different energies. Focusing on the
inelastic noise signals defined as steps in the voltage derivative of the shot
noise, we show that single-channel systems have two ranges of transmission at
which the inelastic noise signals exhibit the crossover between positive and
negative signs. In a high transmission regime, even and odd vibrational modes
of mirror-symmetric systems provide upper and lower bounds to the ratio of the
inelastic noise signal to the conductance step. This can be a theoretical
justification for models used to understand the recent noise experiment [Phys.
Rev. Lett. 108, 146602 (2012)] and numerical calculations on gold atomic chains
[Phys. Rev. B 86, 155411 (2012)].


  The process of electron-positron pair production by linearly polarized
photons is used as a polarimeter to perform mobile measurement of linear photon
polarization. In the limit of high photon energies, omega, the distributions of
the recoil-electron momentum and azimuthal angle do not depend on the photon
energy in the laboratory frame. We calculate the power corrections of order
m/omega to the above distributions and estimate the deviation from the
asymptotic result for various values of omega.


  Small spontaneous lattice distortion of a cubic ferromagnet at temperatures
below $T_{\mathrm{C}}$ is expected, but usually a neglected phenomenon. This
study is focused on such effect on the example of $\mathrm{U_{4}Ru_{7}Ge_{6}}$.
We propose the lattice distortion from the cubic space group to a lower
symmetry as a result of our DFT calculations. The strong spin-orbit coupling on
the U site plays the most essential role, that should lower the symmetry of the
system and give rise to the two different U sites (U1 and U2). We bring
convincing experimental evidence for this splitting resulting from our
polarized neutron diffraction experiment. Proper treatment of the flipping
ratios collected in the ordered state and in the paramagnetic state reveals
dramatically different magnetic moments on the U1 and U2 sites. We have reached
good agreement of the results from the MAXENT method and from direct fitting of
the data. The ratio of the orbital and spin component on the U2 site is lower
than for the free $\mathrm{U^{3+}}$ or $\mathrm{U^{4+}}$ ion and points to a
strong hybridization between the U $5f$ and Ru $4d$ wave functions. The same
ratio on the U1 site is unexpectedly low. This would mean that its orbital
component is almost quenched. We have observed the absence of a magnetic moment
on the Ru1 site, but a rather large induced moment on the Ru2 site. Very
similar results were obtained also in the paramagnetic state in the regime
induced by the magnetic field. It points to the intimate coupling of the
magnetic ordering and structural distortion as it is possible to split the U
site in to two different polarizing paramagnetic U moments above
$T_{\mathrm{C}}$ by a strong magnetic field. We propose that the difference
between the magnetic moment on the U sites is caused by the change of local
point symmetry of the sites that is tightly bound to the role of the strong
spin-orbit interaction.


  In this work, we present the theoretical and experimental study of the
propagation of Airy beams when passing through two convex lenses with different
focal distances. The theoretical analysis is presented from a matrix optical
model for an Airy beam. The experimental results are obtained in a holographic
setup for experimental generation of Airy beams based on the holographic
reconstruction system of computer generated holograms (CGH) implemented
electronically in a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a 4f Fourier
transformation system. These are in agreement with the theoretical prediction.
The novelty of this work went to show the evolution of the Airy beam
propagation for different convex lenses in a 4f system and its dependence on
focal distances. These are important for the control and manipulation of Airy
beams; and, they show new possibilities of applications of the Airy beams in
optical tweezers, optical communications and optical guidance.


  Electrolyte gating is widely used to induce large carrier density modulation
on solid surfaces to explore various properties. Most of past works have
attributed the charge modulation to electrostatic field effect. However, some
recent reports have argued that the electrolyte gating effect in VO2, TiO2 and
SrTiO3 originated from field-induced oxygen vacancy formation. This gives rise
to a controversy about the gating mechanism, and it is therefore vital to
reveal the relationship between the role of electrolyte gating and the
intrinsic properties of materials. Here, we report entirely different
mechanisms of electrolyte gating on two high-Tc cuprates, NdBa2Cu3O7-{\delta}
(NBCO) and Pr2-xCexCuO4 (PCCO), with different crystal structures. We show that
field-induced oxygen vacancy formation in CuO chains of NBCO plays the dominant
role while it is mainly an electrostatic field effect in the case of PCCO. The
possible reason is that NBCO has mobile oxygen in CuO chains while PCCO does
not. Our study helps clarify the controversy relating to the mechanism of
electrolyte gating, leading to a better understanding of the role of oxygen
electro migration which is very material specific.


  We describe an algorithm for computing the complete set of primitive
orthogonal idempotents in the centralizer ring of the permutation
representation of a wreath product. This set of idempotents determines the
decomposition of the representation into irreducible components. In the
formalism of quantum mechanics, these idempotents are projection operators into
irreducible invariant subspaces of the Hilbert space of a multipartite quantum
system. The C implementation of the algorithm constructs irreducible
decompositions of high-dimensional representations of wreath products. Examples
of computations are given.


  Similarity transformation of the Hubbard Hamiltonian using a Gutzwiller
correlator leads to a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian, which can be
expressed exactly in momentum-space representation, and contains three-body
interactions. We apply this methodology to study the two-dimensional Hubbard
model with repulsive interactions near half-filling in the intermediate
interaction strength regime ($U/t=4$). We show that at optimal or near optimal
strength of the Gutzwiller correlator, the similarity transformed Hamiltonian
has extremely compact right eigenvectors, which can be sampled to high accuracy
using the Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo (FCIQMC) method,
and its initiator approximation. Near-optimal correlators can be obtained using
a simple projective equation, thus obviating the need for a numerical
optimisation of the correlator. The FCIQMC method, as a projective technique,
is well-suited for such non-Hermitian problems, and its stochastic nature can
handle the 3-body interactions exactly without undue increase in computational
cost. The highly compact nature of the right eigenvectors means that the
initiator approximation in FCIQMC is not severe, and that large lattices can be
simulated, well beyond the reach of the method applied to the original Hubbard
Hamiltonian. Results are provided in lattice sizes upto 50 sites and compared
to auxiliary-field QMC. New benchmark results are provided in the off
half-filling regime, with no severe sign-problem being encountered. In
addition, we show that methodology can be used to calculate excited states of
the Hubbard model and lay the groundwork for the calculation of observables
other than the energy.


  We explore the Higgs branches of five-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ quiver
gauge theories at finite coupling from the paradigm of M-theory on local
Calabi-Yau threefolds described as $\mathbb{C}^\ast$-fibrations over local
K3's. By properly counting local deformations of singularities, we find results
compatible with unitary as opposed to special unitary gauge groups. We
interpret these results by dualizing to both IIA on local K3's with D6-branes,
and to IIB with 5-branes. Finally, we find that, by compactifying the
$\mathbb{C}^\ast$-fibers to tori, a well-known St\"uckelberg mechanism
eliminates Abelian factors, and provides missing Higgs branch moduli in a very
interesting way. This is also explained from the dual IIA and IIB viewpoints.


  We consider a novel challenge: approximating a distribution without the
ability to randomly sample from that distribution. We study how such an
approximation can be obtained using *weight queries*. Given some data set of
examples, a weight query presents one of the examples to an oracle, which
returns the probability, according to the target distribution, of observing
examples similar to the presented example. This oracle can represent, for
instance, counting queries to a database of the target population, or an
interface to a search engine which returns the number of results that match a
given search. We propose an interactive algorithm that iteratively selects data
set examples and performs corresponding weight queries. The algorithm finds a
reweighting of the data set that approximates the weights according to the
target distribution, using a limited number of weight queries. We derive an
approximation bound on the total variation distance between the reweighting
found by the algorithm and the best achievable reweighting. Our algorithm takes
inspiration from the UCB approach common in multi-armed bandits problems, and
combines it with a new discrepancy estimator and a greedy iterative procedure.
In addition to our theoretical guarantees, we demonstrate in experiments the
advantages of the proposed algorithm over several baselines. A python
implementation of the proposed algorithm and of all the experiments can be
found at https://github.com/Nadav-Barak/AWP.


  We consider a crucial aspect of self-organization of a sensor network
consisting of a large set of simple sensor nodes with no location hardware and
only very limited communication range. After having been distributed randomly
in a given two-dimensional region, the nodes are required to develop a sense
for the environment, based on a limited amount of local communication. We
describe algorithmic approaches for determining the structure of boundary nodes
of the region, and the topology of the region. We also develop methods for
determining the outside boundary, the distance to the closest boundary for each
point, the Voronoi diagram of the different boundaries, and the geometric
thickness of the network. Our methods rely on a number of natural assumptions
that are present in densely distributed sets of nodes, and make use of a
combination of stochastics, topology, and geometry. Evaluation requires only a
limited number of simple local computations.


  A realistic one-dimensional system has not only longitudinal phonons, but
also possible transverse modes, which derive their restoring force from
longitudinal interaction. We show that transverse motion results in a quartic
displacement term in transverse direction as the first non-vanishing term in
the potential energy. This results in solution of a composite longitudinal
motion superimposed by a transverse motion propagating along the length
direction identified as a plane polarized phonons. Interestingly, solutions of
the quartic nonlinear equation have been expressed accurately, though
approximately in terms of sinusoidal solutions by modifying the periodicity of
sin function. The phonons along the transverse direction, now with a weakened
frequency compared to the longitudinal has interesting impact- it gives rise to
negative Gruneisen parameter with a value of -1 and is responsible for negative
thermal expansion in the low temperature regime. Similar results of graphene
sheet based on consideration of transverse (surface ripple like) modes to the
planar direction, provides explanation to the observed negative thermal
expansion in low temperature regime. The concept of plane polarized phonons
seems new and interesting. All dynamics of atomic motion, despite involving
quartc nonlinear equation is expressible in terms of simple harmonic motion.
The most important feature of the transverse modes of an open surface or chain
is their dependence on lateral or longitudinal modes, and as soon as more
chains or more surfaces are added, bulk interactions are initiated and
longitudinal dependence of transverse motion is lost and so also very
distinguishing thermodynamic properties.


  Nonlinear dynamics of the free surface of finite depth non-conducting fluid
with high dielectric constant subjected to a strong horizontal electric field
is considered. Using the conformal transformation of the region occupied by the
fluid into a strip, the process of counter-propagating waves interaction is
numerically simulated. The nonlinear solitary waves on the surface can
separately propagate along or against the direction of electric field without
distortion. At the same time, the shape of the oppositely traveling waves can
be distorted as the result of their interaction. In the problem under study,
the nonlinearity leads to increasing the waves amplitudes and the duration of
their interaction. This effect is inversely proportional to the fluid depth. In
the shallow water limit, the tendency to the formation of a vertical liquid jet
is observed.


  Tools for managing technical skills are used in many companies, but there has
been little discussion about how such tools are used in practice. We report
here on different types of actual usage in a medium-size software consulting
company. We expected such tools to be used for allocating resources to new
projects and for searching for competence to solve problems, but also observed
two other types of usage: identifying new project opportunities, and skills
upgrading. This multitude of uses support learning practices and motivates tool
use both at individual and company levels, which is crucial to support
organizational learning.


  The standard implementation of the conjugate gradient algorithm suffers from
communication bottlenecks on parallel architectures, due primarily to the two
global reductions required every iteration. In this paper, we study conjugate
gradient variants which decrease the runtime per iteration by overlapping
global synchronizations, and in the case of pipelined variants, matrix-vector
products. Through the use of a predict-and-recompute scheme, whereby
recursively-updated quantities are first used as a predictor for their true
values and then recomputed exactly at a later point in the iteration, these
variants are observed to have convergence behavior nearly as good as the
standard conjugate gradient implementation on a variety of test problems. We
provide a rounding error analysis which provides insight into this observation.
It is also verified experimentally that the variants studied do indeed reduce
the runtime per iteration in practice and that they scale similarly to
previously-studied communication-hiding variants. Finally, because these
variants achieve good convergence without the use of any additional input
parameters, they have the potential to be used in place of the standard
conjugate gradient implementation in a range of applications.


  Composite Higgs models are an attractive scenario, where the discovered Higgs
boson is regarded as a Nambu-Goldstone boson associated with spontaneous
breakdown of a global symmetry of more fundamental theory. This class of models
predicts violation of perturbative unitarity at high energies, and new
resonances are expected to appear around TeV scale to maintain the unitarity,
while a sizable phase shift is predicted in certain scattering amplitude. We
investigate the new resonance scale from the phase shift by drawing analogies
with pion physics in QCD. The detectability of the phase shift at LHC and the
ILC is also discussed. This talk was given in {\it HPNP 2015} at University of
Toyama and based on the work in collaboration with S.~Kanemura, T.~Shindou and
N.~Machida (arXiv:1410.8413 [hep-ph]).


  Spontaneous Lorentz invariance violation (SLIV) realized through a nonlinear
tensor field constraint H_{}^2=\pm M^2 (M is the proposed scale for Lorentz
violation) is considered in tensor field gravity theory, which mimics
linearized general relativity in Minkowski space-time. We show that such a SLIV
pattern, due to which the true vacuum in the theory is chosen, induces massless
tensor Goldstone modes some of which can naturally be associated with the
physical graviton. When expressed in terms of the pure Goldstone modes, this
theory looks essentially nonlinear and contains a variety of Lorentz and CPT
violating couplings. Nonetheless, all SLIV effects turn out to be strictly
cancelled in all the lowest order processes considered, provided that the
tensor field gravity theory is properly extended to general relativity (GR).
So, as we generally argue, the measurable effects of SLIV, induced by
elementary vector or tensor fields, are related to the accompanying gauge
symmetry breaking rather than to spontaneous Lorentz violation. The latter
appears by itself to be physically unobservable, only resulting in a
non-covariant gauge choice in an otherwise gauge invariant and Lorentz
invariant theory. However, while Goldstonic vector and tensor field theories
with exact local invariance are physically indistinguishable from conventional
gauge theories, there might appear some principal distinctions if this local
symmetry were slightly broken at very small distances controlled by quantum
gravity in an explicit, rather than spontaneous, way that could eventually
allow one to differentiate between them observationally.


  We explore the cosmological implications of an ultra-light
pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson. With global spontaneous symmetry breaking scale
$f \simeq 10^{18}$ GeV and explicit breaking scale comparable to MSW neutrino
masses, $M \sim 10^{-3}$ eV, such a field, which acquires a mass $m_\phi \sim
M^2/f \sim H_0$, would have become dynamical at recent epochs and currently
dominate the energy density of the universe. The field acts as an effective
cosmological constant for several expansion times and then relaxes into a
condensate of coherent non-relativistic bosons. Such a model can reconcile
dynamical estimates of the density parameter, $\Omega_m \sim 0.2$, with a
spatially flat universe, and can yield an expansion age $H_0 t_0 \simeq 1$
while remaining consistent with limits from gravitational lens statistics.


  We discuss a general diagnosis scheme for topological nodal lines protected
by time-reversal symmetry and space-inversion symmetry, in the absence of
spin-orbit coupling. It is shown that when a shallow band inversion (with a
small inverted gap) appears at the $\Gamma$-point in the Brillouin zone, nodal
lines are generated along with the inversion. Much information on the types and
numbers of these nodal lines can be related to the rotation eigenvalues and
inversion eigenvalues of the inverted bands. In addition, we establish a
$\mathbb{Z}$-type monopole charge for nodal lines with fourfold or sixfold
rotation axis. We point out that the new monopole charge is only well-defined
in a fragile sense, that is, when the orbitals near the Fermi energy are
restricted to those having the same sign under a twofold rotation. The
diagnosis scheme goes beyond the one discussed in Phys. Rev. X 8, 031069
(2018), particularly when there is a band crossing along some high-symmetry
line, or when the nodal line has non-unity monopole charge.


  Elastic properties of the solid regions of neutron star crusts and white
dwarfs play an important role in theories of stellar oscillations. Matter in
compact stars is presumably polycrystalline and, since the elastic properties
of single crystals of such matter are very anisotropic, it is necessary to
relate elastic properties of the polycrystal to those of a single crystal. We
calculate the effective shear modulus of polycrystalline matter with randomly
oriented crystallites using a self-consistent theory that has been very
successful in applications to terrestrial materials and show that previous
calculations overestimate the shear modulus by approximately 28%.