  I review the long-term survival chances of young massive star clusters
(YMCs), hallmarks of intense starburst episodes often associated with violent
galaxy interactions. In particular, I address the key question as to whether at
least some of these YMCs can be considered proto-globular clusters (GCs). In
the absence of significant external perturbations, the key factor determining a
cluster's long-term survival chances is the shape of its stellar initial mass
function. I conclude that there is an increasing body of evidence that GC
formation appears to be continuing until today; their long-term evolution
crucially depends on their environmental conditions, however.


  Since the TESLA Technical Design Report (TDR) was published in 2001, the
physics programme of an electron-positron linear collider (LC) has been further
developed and a wide consensus has been reached on the physics case and the
need for a high luminosity LC with center-of-mass energy up to about 1 TeV as
the next worldwide high-energy physics project. The study of the Higgs boson
properties represents a significant part of this physics programme. New studies
demonstrate that a LC providing 1000 fb-1 of data at center-of-mass energies of
at least 500 GeV, is an excellent Higgs boson analyzer for a wide range of
masses. A summary of preliminary results of these studies and their
implications for identifying the nature of the Higgs sector and for
constraining the parameter space of extended models is given. The focus is on
recent developments and the relation to the LHC is addressed.


  We define a multi-type coalescent point process of a general branching
process with finitely many types. This multi-type coalescent fully describes
the genealogy of the (quasi-stationary) standing population, providing types
along ancestral lineages of all individuals in the standing population. We show
that this point-process is a functional of a certain Markov chain defined by
the planar embedding of the branching process. This Markov chain is further
used to determine statistical properties of the ancestral tree, such as the
time to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of two consecutive individuals
in the standing population, as well as of two individuals of the same type.
These formulae are particularly simple for branching processes with a
multi-type linear-fractional (LF) offspring distribution. We illustrate their
use by showing how an (a)symmetrical offspring distribution affects features of
the ancestral tree in a two-type LF branching processes.


  We report an analysis of twins of spectral types F or later in the 9th
Catalog of Spectroscopic Binaries (SB9). Twins, the components of binaries with
mass ratio within 2% of 1.0, are found among the binaries with primaries of F
and G spectral type. They are most prominent among the binaries with periods
less than 43 days, a cutoff first identified by Lucy. Within the subsample of
binaries with P<43 days, the twins do not differ from the other binaries in
their distributions of periods (median P~7d), masses, or orbital
eccentricities. Combining the mass ratio distribution in the SB9 in the mass
range 0.6 to 0.85 Msun with that measured by Mazeh et al. for binaries in the
Carney-Latham high proper motion survey, we estimate that the frequency of
twins in a large sample of spectroscopic binaries is about 3%. Current
theoretical understanding indicates that accretion of high specific angular
momentum material by a protobinary tends to equalize its masses. We speculate
that the excess of twins is produced in those star forming regions where the
accretion processes were able to proceed to completion for a minority of
protobinaries. This predicts that the components of a young twin may appear to
differ in age and that, in a sample of spectroscopic binaries in a star
formation region, the twins are, on average, older than the binaries with mass
ratios much smaller than 1.


  We present a new method, called Analysis-of-marginal-Tail-Means (ATM), for
effective robust optimization of discrete black-box problems. ATM has important
applications to many real-world engineering problems (e.g., manufacturing
optimization, product design, molecular engineering), where the objective to
optimize is black-box and expensive, and the design space is inherently
discrete. One weakness of existing methods is that they are not robust: these
methods perform well under certain assumptions, but yield poor results when
such assumptions (which are difficult to verify in black-box problems) are
violated. ATM addresses this via the use of marginal tail means for
optimization, which combines both rank-based and model-based methods. The
trade-off between rank- and model-based optimization is tuned by first
identifying important main effects and interactions, then finding a good
compromise which best exploits additive structure. By adaptively tuning this
trade-off from data, ATM provides improved robust optimization over existing
methods, particularly in problems with (i) a large number of factors, (ii)
unordered factors, or (iii) experimental noise. We demonstrate the
effectiveness of ATM in simulations and in two real-world engineering problems:
the first on robust parameter design of a circular piston, and the second on
product family design of a thermistor network.


  Electroweak phase transition in the simplest extension of the standard model
namely two Higgs doublet model and entropy production within this framework is
studied. We have considered several benchmark points which were called using
BSMPT, a C++ package, within the limit of $vev/T_C>0.2$ are studied, and
corresponding entropy productions are shown in this paper.


  Introduction: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, both under the umbrella
of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), involve many distinct molecular
processes. The difference in their molecular processes is studied by using the
different genes involved in each disease, and it is explored further for drug
targeting and drug repurposing. Methods: The initial set of genes was obtained
by mining published literature and several curated databases. The identified
genes were then subject to Systems and Network analysis to reveal their
molecular processes and shed some light on their pathogenesis. Such
methodologies have identified newer targets and drugs that can be repurposed.
Results: We use a Systems and Network Medicine approach to understand the
mechanism of actions of genes involved in IBD. From an initial set of genes
mined from literature and curated databases, we used the Multi-Steiner Tree
algorithm implemented within the CoVex systems medicine platform to expand each
disease module by incorporating candidate genes with significant connections to
the disease-related seed genes. Such expanded disease modules will identify a
larger set of potential targets and drugs. We used the Closeness Centrality
algorithm implemented within CoVex to search for newer targets and repurposable
drugs. Through a network medicine approach, we provide a mechanistic view of
the diseases and point to newer drugs and targets. Conclusion: We demonstrate
that the Systems and Network Medicine approach is a powerful way to understand
diseases and understand their mechanisms of action.


  In this paper we analyze the spatial distribution of elements around points
of interest. Based on a spatial exclusion principle we model the system by
means of a Fermi-Dirac distribution defined by two easily interpretable
parameters. By means of image analysis, two real cases are studied and compared
to the theory: people in an open-air concert and cars in a mall parking-lot. We
show that they closely obey the proposed fermion-like statistics.


  We develop a black-box theory, which can be used to show that a sequence of
Gibbsian line ensembles is tight, provided that the one-point marginals of the
lowest labeled curves of the ensembles are tight and globally approximate an
inverted parabola. Our theory is applicable under certain technical assumptions
on the nature of the Gibbs property and the underlying random walk measure. As
a particular application of our general framework we show that a certain
sequence of Gibbsian line ensembles, which naturally arises in the log-gamma
polymer, is tight in the ubiquitous KPZ class $1/3: 2/3$ scaling, and also that
all subsequential limits satisfy the Brownian Gibbs property, introduced by
Corwin and Hammond in (Invent. Math. 195, 441-508, 2014).
  One of the core results proved in the paper, which underlies many of our
arguments, is the construction of a continuous grand monotone coupling of
Gibbsian line ensembles with respect to their boundary data (entrance and exit
values, and bounding curves). Continuous means that the Gibbsian line ensemble
measure varies continuously as one varies the boundary data, grand means that
all uncountably many measures (one for each boundary data) are coupled to the
same probability space, and monotone means that raising the values of the
boundary data likewise raises the associated measure. Our continuous grand
monotone coupling generalizes an analogous construction, which was recently
implemented by Barraquand, Corwin and Dimitrov in (arXiv:2101.03045), from line
ensembles with a single curve to ones with an arbitrary finite number of
curves.


  We study the crystal structure on categories of graded modules over algebras
which categorify the negative half of the quantum Kac-Moody algebra associated
to a symmetrizable Cartan data. We identify this crystal with Kashiwara's
crystal for the corresponding negative half of the quantum Kac-Moody algebra.
As a consequence, we show the simple graded modules for certain cyclotomic
quotients carry the structure of highest weight crystals, and hence compute the
rank of the corresponding Grothendieck group.


  Hybrid beamforming is a promising concept to achieve high data rate
transmission at millimeter waves. To implement it in a transceiver, many
references optimally adapt to a high-dimensional multi-antenna channel but more
or less ignore the complexity of the channel estimation. Realizing that
received coupling coefficients of the channel and pairs of possible analog
beamforming vectors can be used for analog beam selection, we further propose a
low-complexity scheme that exploits the coupling coefficients to implement
hybrid beamforming. Essentially, the coupling coefficients can be regarded as
implicit channel state information (CSI), and the estimates of these coupling
coefficients yield alternatives of effective channel matrices of much lower
dimension. After calculating the Frobenius norm of these effective channel
matrices, it turns out that the effective channel having the largest value of
the Frobenius norm provides the solution to hybrid beamforming problem.


  In this paper, we introduce a weak form of amenability on topological
semigroups that we call $\varphi$-amenability, where $\varphi$ is a character
on a topological semigroup. Some basic properties of this new notion are
obtained and by giving some examples, we show that this definition is weaker
than the amenability of semigroups. As a noticeable result, for a topological
semigroup $S$, it is shown that if $S$ is $\varphi$-amenable, then $S$ is
amenable. Moreover, $\varphi$-ergodicity for a topological semigroup $S$ is
introduced and it is proved that under some conditions on $S$ and a Banach
space $X$, $\varphi$-amenability and $\varphi$-ergodicity of any
antirepresntation defined by a right action $S$ on $X$, are equivalent. A
relation between $\varphi$-amenability of topological semigroups and existance
of a common fixed point is investigated and by this relation, Hahn-Banach
property of topological semigroups in the sense of $\varphi$-amenability
defined and studied.


  A model of monopolium is constructed based on an electromagnetic dual
formulation of Zwanziger and lattice gauge theory. To cope with the strong
coupling nature of the magnetic charge, for which the monopole is confined, $
U(1) $ lattice gauge theory is applied. The monopole is assumed to have a
finite-sized inner structure based on a 't Hooft-Polyakov like solution in
which the magnetic charge is uniformly distributed on the surface of a sphere.
The monopole and antimonopole potential becomes linear plus Coulomb outside the
sphere and is constant inside. Numerical estimation gives two kinds of
solutions: One which has a small binding energy, and hence the para-($ J=0 $)
and ortho-($ J=1 $) monopoliums have degenerate masses. For the parameter
choices considered, they both have $ \mathcal{O}(1-10) $ TeV masses and are
very short-lived. The other solution has a small monopole mass and large
binding energy, with an illustrative example of parameter choices giving a 750
GeV para-monopolium and 1.4 TeV ortho-monopolium. The production rate of the
former is one order of magnitude smaller than the announced enhancement, but
they may be the target of future LHC searches and the 100 TeV colliders.


  We have random number of independent diffusion processes with absorption on
boundaries in some region at initial time $t=0$. The initial numbers and
positions of processes in region is defined by Poisson random measure. It is
required to estimate of number of the unabsorbed processes for the fixed time
\~$\tau>0$. The Poisson random measure depends on $\tau$ and $\tau\to\infty$.


  We show that the recently obtained class of spacetimes for which all of the
scalar curvature invariants vanish (which can be regarded as generalizations of
pp-wave spacetimes) are exact solutions in string theory to all perturbative
orders in the string tension scale. As a result the spectrum of the theory can
be explicitly obtained, and these spacetimes are expected to provide some hints
for the study of superstrings on more general backgrounds. Since these
Lorentzian spacetimes suffer no quantum corrections to all loop orders they may
also offer insights into quantum gravity.


  We study the phase diagram of the 4d compact U(1) gauge theory as a function
of the number of Euclidean time slices. We use the helicity modulus as order
parameter to probe the phase transitions. The order of the transition along the
phase boundaries is studied and the possibility of a continuum limit is
discussed. We present new, strong evidence that the T=0 bulk phase transition
is first-order.


  Proceedings of the international Workshop on ``Dynamics and Thermodynamics of
Blackholes and Naked Singularities``, that took place at the Department of
Mathematics of the Politecnico of Milano from 13 to 15 May 2004.


  The simulation of charge transport in ultra-scaled electronic devices
requires the knowledge of the atomic configuration and the associated
potential. Such "atomistic" device simulation is most commonly handled using a
tight-binding approach based on a basis-set of localized orbitals. Here, in
contrast to this widely used tight-binding approach, we formulate the problem
using a highly accurate plane-wave representation of the atomic
(pseudo)-potentials. We develop a new approach that separately deals with the
intrinsic Hamiltonian, containing the potential due to the atomic
configuration, and the extrinsic Hamiltonian, related to the external
potential. We realize efficient performance by implementing a finite-element
like partition-of-unity approach combining linear shape functions with
Bloch-wave enhancement functions. We match the performance of previous
tight-binding approaches, while retaining the benefits of a plane wave based
model. We present the details of our model and its implementation in a
full-fledged self-consistent ballistic quantum transport solver. We demonstrate
our implementation by simulating the electronic transport and device
characteristics of a graphene nanoribbon transistor containing more than 2000
atoms. We analyze the accuracy, numerical efficiency and scalability of our
approach. We are able to speed up calculations by a factor of 100 compared to
previous methods based on plane waves and envelope functions. Furthermore, our
reduced basis-set results in a significant reduction of the required memory
budget, which enables devices with thousands of atoms to be simulated on a
personal computer.


  Two languages are considered mutually intelligible if their native speakers
can communicate with each other, while using their own mother tongue. How does
the fact that humans perceive a language pair as mutually intelligible affect
the ability to learn a translation model between them? We hypothesize that the
amount of data needed to train a neural ma-chine translation model is
anti-proportional to the languages' mutual intelligibility. Experiments on the
Romance language group reveal that there is indeed strong correlation between
the area under a model's learning curve and mutual intelligibility scores
obtained by studying human speakers.


  We consider the quantum algebra $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ in the equitable
presentation. From this point of view, we describe the Lusztig automorphism and
the corresponding Lusztig operator.


  We have developed a numerical simulation code that treats the transport and
acceleration of charged particles crossing an idealized oblique,
non-relativistic shock within the framework of pitch angle transport using a
finite-difference method. We consider two applications: 1) to study the
steady-state acceleration of energetic particles at an oblique shock, and 2) to
explain observed precursors of Forbush decreases of galactic cosmic rays before
the arrival of an interplanetary shock induced by solar activity. For the
former, we find that there is a jump in the particle intensity at the shock,
which is stronger for more oblique shocks. Detailed pitch angle distributions
are also presented. The simple model of a Forbush decrease explains the key
features of observed precursors, an enhanced diurnal anisotropy extending
several mean free paths upstream of the shock and a depletion of particles in a
narrow loss cone at ~0.1 mean free path from the shock. Such precursors have
practical applications for space weather prediction.


  Classical simulation of quantum circuits is crucial for evaluating and
validating the design of new quantum algorithms. However, the number of quantum
state amplitudes increases exponentially with the number of qubits, leading to
the exponential growth of the memory requirement for the simulations. In this
paper, we present a new data reduction technique to reduce the memory
requirement of quantum circuit simulations. We apply our amplitude-aware lossy
compression technique to the quantum state amplitude vector to trade the
computation time and fidelity for memory space. The experimental results show
that our simulator only needs 1/16 of the original memory requirement to
simulate Quantum Fourier Transform circuits with 99.95% fidelity. The reduction
amount of memory requirement suggests that we could increase 4 qubits in the
quantum circuit simulation comparing to the simulation without our technique.
Additionally, for some specific circuits, like Grover's search, we could
increase the simulation size by 18 qubits.


  In this letter we present a study of the color magnitude relation of 468
early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster with Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging
data. The analysis of our homogeneous, model-independent data set reveals that,
in all colors (u-g, g-r, g-i, i-z) similarly, giant and dwarf early-type
galaxies follow a continuous color magnitude relation (CMR) that is best
described by an S-shape. The magnitude range and quality of our data allows us
to clearly confirm that the CMR in Virgo is not linear. Additionally, we
analyze the scatter about the CMR and find that it increases in the
intermediate-luminosity regime. Nevertheless, despite this observational
distinction, we conclude from the similarly shaped CMR of semi-analytic model
predictions that dwarfs and giants could be of the same origin.


  Recent work shows that a quantum spin liquid can arise in realistic fermionic
models on a honeycomb lattice. We study the quantum spin-1/2 Heisenberg
honeycomb model, considering couplings J1, J2, and J3 up to third nearest
neighbors. We use an unbiased pseudofermion functional renormalization group
method to compute the magnetic susceptibility and determine the ordered and
disordered states of the model. Aside from antiferromagnetic, collinear, and
spiral order domains, we find a large paramagnetic region at intermediate J2
coupling. For larger J2 within this domain, we find a strong tendency to
staggered dimer ordering, while the remaining paramagnetic regime for low J2
shows only weak plaquet and staggered dimer response. We suggest this regime to
be a promising region to look for quantum spin liquid states when charge
fluctuations would be included.


  We examine the scattering of Ostrovsky wave packets, generated from an
incident solitary wave, in a two layered waveguide with a delamination in the
centre and soft (imperfect) bonding either side of the centre. The layers of
the waveguide are assumed to consist of different materials, and the strains
are described by a system of coupled Boussinesq equations. A semi-analytical
approach consisting of matched asymptotic multiple-scale expansions is applied,
leading to Ostrovsky equations in soft bonded regions and Korteweg-de Vries
equations in the delaminated region. This semi-analytical method has good
agreement with direct numerical simulations, validating the approach.
  In the delaminated regions, Ostrovsky wave packets evolve into a train of
solitary waves, which subsequently evolve into Ostrovsky wave packets in the
second bonded region. Analysis of the phase shift in the wave packet,
introduced from the delaminated region, allows us to predict both the position
and the length of the delamination; the first time this has been achieved using
nonlinear waves. These results motivate experiments to validate the theoretical
results, with the aim of creating a tool to monitor the integrity of layered
structures.


  We study the pion structure function in nuclear medium using the Nambu and
Jona-Lasinio model, and its implication for the nuclear pion enhancement of the
sea quark distribution in nuclei. By using the operator product expansion,
medium effect of the nuclear matter is incorporated in calculations of the
twist-2 operators. We find density dependence of the pion structure function is
rather weak around the nuclear matter density. We also discuss how the medium
modification of the pion structure affects the sea quark enhancement in the
nucleus.


  This paper proposes the method 2D-MoSub (2-dimensional model-based subspace
method), which is a novel derivative-free optimization (DFO) method based on
the subspace method for general unconstrained optimization and especially aims
to solve large-scale DFO problems. Our method combines 2-dimensional quadratic
interpolation models and trust-region techniques to iteratively update the
points and explore the 2-dimensional subspace. Its framework includes
initialization, constructing the interpolation set, building the quadratic
interpolation model, performing trust-region trial steps, and updating the
trust-region radius and subspace. We introduce the framework and computational
details of 2D-MoSub, and discuss the poisedness and quality of the
interpolation set in the corresponding 2-dimensional subspace. We also analyze
some properties of our method, including the model's approximation error with
projection property and the algorithm's convergence. Numerical results
demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of 2D-MoSub for solving a variety
of unconstrained optimization problems.


  Local graph neighborhood sampling is a fundamental computational problem that
is at the heart of algorithms for node representation learning. Several works
have presented algorithms for learning discrete node embeddings where graph
nodes are represented by discrete features such as attributes of neighborhood
nodes. Discrete embeddings offer several advantages compared to continuous
word2vec-like node embeddings: ease of computation, scalability, and
interpretability. We present LoNe Sampler, a suite of algorithms for generating
discrete node embeddings by Local Neighborhood Sampling, and address two
shortcomings of previous work. First, our algorithms have rigorously understood
theoretical properties. Second, we show how to generate approximate explicit
vector maps that avoid the expensive computation of a Gram matrix for the
training of a kernel model. Experiments on benchmark datasets confirm the
theoretical findings and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods.


  Assuming the presence of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) with a
characteristic scale M ~ O(10) TeV, we investigate the naturalness of the Higgs
sector at scales below M using an effective field theory (EFT) approach. We
obtain the leading 1-loop EFT contributions to the Higgs mass with a
Wilsonian-like hard cutoff, and determine the constraints on the corresponding
operator coefficients for these effects to alleviate the little hierarchy
problem up to the scale of the effective action \Lambda < M, a condition we
denote by "EFT-naturalness". We also determine the types of physics that can
lead to EFT-naturalness and show that these types of new physics are best
probed in vector-boson and multiple-Higgs production. The current experimental
constraints on these coefficients are also discussed.


  In this paper, we give some refinements for the second inequality in
$\frac{1}{2}\|A\| \leq w(A) \leq \|A\|$, where $A\in B(H)$. In particular, if
$A$ is hyponormal by refining the Young inequality with the Kantorovich
constant $K(\cdot, \cdot)$, we show that $w(A)\leq \dfrac{1}{\displaystyle
{2\inf_{\| x \|=1}}\zeta(x)}\| |A|+|A^{*}|\|\leq \dfrac{1}{2}\| |A|+|A^*|\|$,
where $\zeta(x)=K(\frac{\langle |A|x,x \rangle}{\langle |A^{*}|x,x
\rangle},2)^{r},~~~r=\min\{\lambda,1-\lambda\}$ and $0\leq \lambda \leq 1$ . We
also give a reverse for the classical numerical radius power inequality
$w(A^{n})\leq w^{n}(A)$
  for any operator $A \in B(H)$ in the case when $n=2$.


  The most general situation of the reinforcement of a plate with multiple
holes by several patches is considered. There is no restriction on the number
and the location of the patches. Two types of the patch attachment are
considered: only along the boundary of the patch or both along the boundary of
the patch and the boundaries of the holes which this patch covers. The
unattached boundaries of the holes may be loaded with given in-plane stresses.
The mechanical problem is reduced to the system of singular integral equations
which can be further reduced to the system of Fredholm equations. A new
numerical procedure for the solution of the system of singular integral
equations is proposed in this paper. It can be observed that this procedure
provides a noticeable improvement from the one presented in Zemlyanova
\cite{Zem2007}, Zemlyanova and Silvestrov \cite{ZemSil2007}, \cite{ZemSil2009}
and allows to achieve a significantly better numerical convergence with less
computational effort.


  In this paper, we investigate the statistical features of the fully
developed, forced, rapidly rotating, {turbulent} system using numerical
simulations, and model {the} energy {spectrum} that {fits} well with the
numerical data. Among the wavenumbers ($k$) larger than the Kolmogorov
dissipation wavenumber, the energy is distributed such that the suitably
non-dimensionized energy spectrum is ${\bar E}({\bar k})\approx \exp(-0.05{\bar
k})$, where overbar denotes appropriate non-dimensionalization. {For the
wavenumbers smaller than that of forcing, the energy in a horizontal plane is
much more than that along the vertical rotation-axis.} {For} such wavenumbers,
we find that the anisotropic energy spectrum, $E(k_\perp,k_\parallel)$ follows
the power law scaling, $k_\perp^{-5/2}k_\parallel^{-1/2}$, where `$\perp$' and
`$\parallel$' respectively refer to the directions perpendicular and parallel
to the rotation axis; this result is in line with the
Kuznetsov--Zakharov--Kolmgorov spectrum predicted by the weak inertial-wave
turbulence theory for the rotating fluids.


  The uplink achievable rate of massive multiple- input-multiple-output (MIMO)
systems, where the low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are
assumed to equip at the base station (BS), is investigated in this paper. We
assume that only imperfect channel station information is known at the BS. Then
a new MMSE receiver is designed by taking not only the Gaussian noise, but also
the channel estimation error and quantizer noise into account. By using the
Stieltjes transform of random matrix, we further derive a tight asymptotic
equivalent for the uplink achievable rate with proposed MMSE receiver. We
present a detailed analysis for the number of BS antennas through the
expression of the achievable rates and validate the results using numerical
simulations. It is also shown that we can compensate the performance loss due
to the low-resolution quantization by increasing the number of antennas at the
BS.


  We propose a novel Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) representation for non-opaque
scenes that enables fast inference by utilizing textured polygons. Despite the
high-quality novel view rendering that NeRF provides, a critical limitation is
that it relies on volume rendering that can be computationally expensive and
does not utilize the advancements in modern graphics hardware. Many existing
methods fall short when it comes to modelling volumetric effects as they rely
purely on surface rendering. We thus propose to model the scene with polygons,
which can then be used to obtain the quadrature points required to model
volumetric effects, and also their opacity and colour from the texture. To
obtain such polygonal mesh, we train a specialized field whose zero-crossings
would correspond to the quadrature points when volume rendering, and perform
marching cubes on this field. We then perform ray-tracing and utilize the
ray-tracing shader to obtain the final colour image. Our method allows an easy
integration with existing graphics frameworks allowing rendering speed of over
100 frames-per-second for a $1920\times1080$ image, while still being able to
represent non-opaque objects.


  The passive electronically scanned array (PESA) is widely used due to its
simple structure and low cost. {Its antenna weights have unit modulus and thus,
only the weights phases can be controlled. PESA has limited degrees of freedom
for beampattern design, where only the direction of the main beam can be
controlled.} In this paper we propose a novel way to improve the beamforming
capability of PESA by endowing it with more degrees of freedom via the use of
double phase shifters (DPS). By doing so, both the magnitude and the phase of
the antenna weights can be controlled, allowing for more flexibility in
beampattern design. We also take into account the physical resolution
limitation of phase shifters, and propose a method to approximate a given
complex beamformer using DPS. Simulation results indicate significant
beamforming improvement even at low phase resolution.


  I formulate a local density approximation for fermion systems with pairing
correlations based on a rapidly converging renormalization scheme for the
pairing gap.


  The automatic identification of planetary feature names in astronomy
publications presents numerous challenges. These features include craters,
defined as roughly circular depressions resulting from impact or volcanic
activity; dorsas, which are elongate raised structures or wrinkle ridges; and
lacus, small irregular patches of dark, smooth material on the Moon, referred
to as "lake" (Planetary Names Working Group, n.d.). Many feature names overlap
with places or people's names that they are named after, for example, Syria,
Tempe, Einstein, and Sagan, to name a few (U.S. Geological Survey, n.d.). Some
feature names have been used in many contexts, for instance, Apollo, which can
refer to mission, program, sample, astronaut, seismic, seismometers, core, era,
data, collection, instrument, and station, in addition to the crater on the
Moon. Some feature names can appear in the text as adjectives, like the lunar
craters Black, Green, and White. Some feature names in other contexts serve as
directions, like craters West and South on the Moon. Additionally, some
features share identical names across different celestial bodies, requiring
disambiguation, such as the Adams crater, which exists on both the Moon and
Mars. We present a multi-step pipeline combining rule-based filtering,
statistical relevance analysis, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, named entity
recognition (NER) model, hybrid keyword harvesting, knowledge graph (KG)
matching, and inference with a locally installed large language model (LLM) to
reliably identify planetary names despite these challenges. When evaluated on a
dataset of astronomy papers from the Astrophysics Data System (ADS), this
methodology achieves an F1-score over 0.97 in disambiguating planetary feature
names.


  The perturbative QCD approach to quarkonium decay into a photon and hadrons
is reconsidered. It is shown that a consistent treatment within perturbative
QCD calls for the introduction of a fragmentation contribution which has been
neglected so far. The ensuing phenomenological implications are discussed, and,
in particular, the possibility of measuring the gluon fragmentation function of
the photon is addressed.
  *To appear in the proceedings of the workshop QCD94, Montpellier, July '94.


  In this paper, we consider hashing with linear probing for a hashing table
with m places, n items (n < m), and l = m<n empty places. For a non computer
science-minded reader, we shall use the metaphore of n cars parking on m
places: each car chooses a place at random, and if this place k is occupied,
the car tries successively k+1, k+2, ... until it finds an empty place (with
the convention that place m+1 is actually place 1). Pittel [42] proves that
when l/m goes to some positive limit a < 1, the size of the largest block of
consecutive cars is O(log m). In this paper we examine at which level for n a
phase transition occurs for the largest block of consecutive cars between o(m)
and O(m). The intermediate case reveals an interesting behaviour of sizes of
blocks, related to the standard additive coalescent in the same way as the
sizes of connected components of the random graph are related to the
multiplicative coalescent.


  Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at
high energy, and the data are well-reproduced by perfect fluid dynamics. In a
separate development, calculation of the dimensionless ratio of shear viscosity
$\eta$ to entropy density within AdS/CFT yields $\eta/s = 1/4\pi$, which has
been conjectured to be a lower bound for any physical system. It is shown that
the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons has behavior similar to
helium, nitrogen, and water at and near their phase transitions in the ratio
$\eta/s$. Conversely, there are indications that the ratio of bulk viscosity
$\zeta$ to entropy density may have a maximum in the vicinity of the phase
transition. Therefore it is possible that experimental measurements can
pinpoint the location of the transition or rapid crossover in QCD via the
ratios $\eta/s$ and $\zeta/s$ in addition to and independently of the equation
of state.


  In coupled rotor models which describe identical rotating nuclei the nuclear
spin states restrict the possible angular momenta of each molecule. There are
two mean-field approaches to determining the orientational phase diagrams in
such systems. In one the nuclear spin conversion times are assumed to be
instantaneous in the other infinite. In this paper the intermediate case, when
the spin conversion times are significantly slower than those of rotational
time scales, but are not infinite on the time-scale of the experiment, is
investigated. Via incorporation of the configurational degeneracy it is shown
that in the thermodynamic limit the mean-field approach in the intermediate
case is identical to the instantaneous spin conversion time approximation. The
total entropy can be split into configurational and rotational terms. The
mean-field phase diagram of a model of coupled rotors of three-fold symmetry is
also calculated in the two approximations. It is shown that the configurational
entropy has a maximum as a function of temperature which shifts to lower
temperatures with increasing order.


  In 2001 Wolansky \cite{Wol} introduced a particle number-Casimir functional
for the Einstein-Vlasov system. Two open questions are associated with this
functional. First, a meaningful variational problem should be formulated and
the existence of a minimizer to this problem should be established. The second
issue is to show that a minimizer, for some choice of the parameters, is a
static solution of the Einstein-Vlasov system. In the present work we solve the
first problem by proving the existence of a minimizer to the particle
number-Casimir functional. On the technical side, it is a main achievement that
we are able to bypass the non-compactness of minimizing sequences by new
arguments in both $v$-space and $x$-space, which might have several further
applications. We note that such compactness results for the Einstein-Vlasov
system have been absent in the literature, whereas similar results have been
known in the Newtonian case. We also provide arguments which give strong
support that minimizers corresponding to small masses are static solutions of
the Einstein-Vlasov system. Furthermore, our analysis leads us to propose a new
stability criterion for static solutions: We conjecture that a static solution
for which the Casimir-binding energy is positive is stable for mass-preserving
perturbations.


  We relate periodic and recurrent points in dendritic Julia sets. This
generalizes well-known results for interval dynamics.


  This paper presents a commutative complex oriented cohomology theory with
coefficients the quotient ring of complex cobordism MU$^*[1/2]$ modulo the
ideal generated by any subsequence of any polynomial generators in special
unitary cobordism MSU$^*[1/2]$ viewed as elements in MU$^*[1/2]$ by forgetful
map.


  We present DisMo, a multi-level annotator for spoken language corpora that
integrates part-of-speech tagging with basic disfluency detection and
annotation, and multi-word unit recognition. DisMo is a hybrid system that uses
a combination of lexical resources, rules, and statistical models based on
Conditional Random Fields (CRF). In this paper, we present the first public
version of DisMo for French. The system is trained and its performance
evaluated on a 57k-token corpus, including different varieties of French spoken
in three countries (Belgium, France and Switzerland). DisMo supports a
multi-level annotation scheme, in which the tokenisation to minimal word units
is complemented with multi-word unit groupings (each having associated POS
tags), as well as separate levels for annotating disfluencies and discourse
phenomena. We present the system's architecture, linguistic resources and its
hierarchical tag-set. Results show that DisMo achieves a precision of 95%
(finest tag-set) to 96.8% (coarse tag-set) in POS-tagging non-punctuated,
sound-aligned transcriptions of spoken French, while also offering substantial
possibilities for automated multi-level annotation.


  Though the problem of sequence-reversed protein folding is largely
unexplored, one might speculate that reversed native protein sequences should
be significantly more foldable than purely random heteropolymer sequences. In
this article, we investigate how the reverse-sequences of native proteins might
fold by examining a series of small proteins of increasing structural
complexity ({\alpha}-helix, \b{eta}-hairpin, {\alpha}-helix bundle, and
{\alpha}/\b{eta}-protein). Employing a tandem protein structure prediction
algorithmic and molecular dynamics simulation approach, we find that the
ability of reverse sequences to adopt native-like folds is strongly in
influenced by protein size and the flexibility of the native hydrophobic core.
For \b{eta}-hairpins with reverse-sequences that fail to fold, we employ a
simple mutational strategy for guiding stable hairpin formation that involves
the insertion of amino acids into the \b{eta}-turn region. This systematic look
at reverse sequence duality sheds new light on the problem of protein
sequence-structure mapping and may serve to inspire new protein design and
protein structure prediction protocols.


  Let $U_0,U_1$ be two normal measures on $\kappa .$ We say that $U_0$ is in
the Mitchell ordering less then $U_1,$ $U_0\vartriangleleft U_1,$ if $U_0 \in
Ult(V,U_1) .$ The ordering is well-known to be transitive and well-founded. It
has been an open problem to find a model where the Mitchell ordering embeds the
four-element poset $|\; | .$ We show that in the Kunen-Paris extension all
well-founded posets are embeddable. Hence there is no structural restriction on
the Mitchell ordering. Moreover we show that it is possible to have two
$vartriangleleft$-incomparable measures that extend in a generic extension into
two $\vartriangleleft$-comparable measures.


  Line-like features in TeV $\gamma$-rays constitute a ''smoking gun'' for
TeV-scale particle dark matter and new physics. Probing the Galactic Center
region with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes enables the search for TeV
spectral features in immediate association with a dense dark matter reservoir
at a sensitivity out of reach for satellite $\gamma$-ray detectors, and direct
detection and collider experiments. We report on 223 hours of observations of
the Galactic Center region with the MAGIC stereoscopic telescope system
reaching $\gamma$-ray energies up to 100 TeV. We improved the sensitivity to
spectral lines at high energies using large-zenith-angle observations and a
novel background modeling method within a maximum-likelihood analysis in the
energy domain. No line-like spectral feature is found in our analysis.
Therefore, we constrain the cross section for dark matter annihilation into two
photons to $\langle \sigma v \rangle \lesssim 5 \times
10^{-28}\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}$ at 1 TeV and $\langle \sigma v \rangle
\lesssim 1 \times 10^{-25}\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}$ at 100 TeV, achieving the
best limits to date for a dark matter mass above 20 TeV and a cuspy dark matter
profile at the Galactic Center. Finally, we use the derived limits for both
cuspy and cored dark matter profiles to constrain supersymmetric wino models.


  Nine years ago,working within the framework of theoretical dense matter
physics,the present author has determined the chemical composition of the
Galileian satellites of Jupiter.A few months ago,in the flyby of the GA- LILEO
spaceprobe,some of the theoretical predictions were confirmed.


  After proving that every Schubert variety in the full flag variety of a
complex reductive group $G$ is a general Hessenberg variety, we show that not
all such Schubert varieties are adjoint Hessenberg varieties. In fact, in types
A and C, we provide pattern avoidance criteria implying that the proportion of
Schubert varieties that are adjoint Hessenberg varieties approaches zero as the
rank of $G$ increases. We show also that in type A, some Schubert varieties are
not isomorphic to any adjoint Hessenberg variety.


  We show, in a borderline case which was not covered before, the validity of
nonlinear Calder\'on-Zygmund estimates for a class of non-uniformly elliptic
problems driven by double phase energies.


  We present a scattering approach for the study of the transport and
thermodynamics of quantum systems strongly coupled to their thermal
environment(s). This formalism recovers the standard non-equilibrium Green's
function expressions for quantum transport and reproduces recently obtained
results for the quantum thermodynamic of slowly driven systems. Using this
approach, new results have been obtained. First, we derived of a general
explicit expression for non-equilibrium steady state density matrix of a system
compromised of multiple infinite baths coupled through a general interaction.
Then, we obtained a general expression for the dissipated power for the driven
non-interacting resonant level to first order in the driving speeds, where both
the dot energy level and its couplings are changing, without invoking the wide
band approximation. In addition, we also showed that the symmetric splitting of
system bath interaction, employed for the case of a system coupled to one bath
to determine the effective system Hamiltonian [Phys. Rev. B 93, 115318 (2016)]
is valid for the multiple baths case as well. Finally, we demonstrated an
equivalence of our method to the Landauer-Buttiker formalism and its extension
to slowly driven systems developed by von Oppen and co-workers [Phys. Rev.
Lett. 120, 107701 (2018)]. To demonstrate the use of this formalism we analyze
the operation a device in which the dot is driven cyclically between two leads
under strong coupling conditions. We also generalize the previously obtained
expression for entropy production in such driven processes to the many-bath
case.


  EuTiO3 (ETO) has recently experienced an enormous revival of interest because
of its possible multiferroic properties which are currently in the focus of
research. Unfortunately ETO is an unlikely candidate for enlarged
multifunctionality since the mode softening - typical for ferroelectrics -
remains incomplete, and the antiferromagnetic properties appear at 5.5K only.
However, a strong coupling between lattice and Eu spins exists and leads to the
appearance of a magnon-phonon-hybrid mode at elevated temperatures as evidenced
by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), muon spin rotation ({\mu}SR)
experiments and model predictions based on a coupled spin-polarizability
Hamiltonian. This novel finding supports the notion of strong
magneto-dielectric (MD) effects being realized in ETO and opens new strategies
in material design and technological applications.


  RGB-thermal salient object detection (RGB-T SOD) aims to locate the common
prominent objects of an aligned visible and thermal infrared image pair and
accurately segment all the pixels belonging to those objects. It is promising
in challenging scenes such as nighttime and complex backgrounds due to the
insensitivity to lighting conditions of thermal images. Thus, the key problem
of RGB-T SOD is to make the features from the two modalities complement and
adjust each other flexibly, since it is inevitable that any modalities of RGB-T
image pairs failure due to challenging scenes such as extreme light conditions
and thermal crossover. In this paper, we propose a novel mirror complementary
Transformer network (MCNet) for RGB-T SOD. Specifically, we introduce a
Transformer-based feature extraction module to effective extract hierarchical
features of RGB and thermal images. Then, through the attention-based feature
interaction and serial multiscale dilated convolution (SDC) based feature
fusion modules, the proposed model achieves the complementary interaction of
low-level features and the semantic fusion of deep features. Finally, based on
the mirror complementary structure, the salient regions of the two modalities
can be accurately extracted even one modality is invalid. To demonstrate the
robustness of the proposed model under challenging scenes in real world, we
build a novel RGB-T SOD dataset VT723 based on a large public semantic
segmentation RGB-T dataset used in the autonomous driving domain. Expensive
experiments on benchmark and VT723 datasets show that the proposed method
outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, including CNN-based and
Transformer-based methods. The code and dataset will be released later at
https://github.com/jxr326/SwinMCNet.


  Latin squares are interesting combinatorial objects with many applications.
When working with Latin squares, one is sometimes led to deal with partial
Latin squares, a generalization of Latin squares. One of the problems regarding
partial Latin square and with applications to Latin squares is whether a
partial Latin square with a given set of conditions exists. The goal of this
article is to introduce some problems of this kind and answer some existence
questions regarding partial Latin squares


  We give a complete classification in canonical forms on finite-dimensional
vector spaces over the real numbers.


  Classical ground states (global energy-minimizing configurations) of
many-particle systems are typically unique crystalline structures, implying
zero enumeration entropy of distinct patterns (aside from trivial symmetry
operations). By contrast, the few previously known disordered classical ground
states of many-particle systems are all high-entropy (highly degenerate)
states. Here we show computationally that our recently-proposed "perfect-glass"
many-particle model [Sci. Rep., 6, 36963 (2016)] possesses disordered classical
ground states with a zero entropy: a highly counterintuitive situation. For all
of the system sizes, parameters, and space dimensions that we have numerically
investigated, the disordered ground states are unique such that they can always
be superposed onto each other or their mirror image. At low energies, the
density of states obtained from simulations matches those calculated from the
harmonic approximation near a single ground state, further confirming
ground-state uniqueness. Our discovery provides singular examples in which
entropy and disorder are at odds with one another. The zero-entropy ground
states provide a unique perspective on the celebrated Kauzmann-entropy crisis
in which the extrapolated entropy of a supercooled liquid drops below that of
the crystal. We expect that our disordered unique patterns to be of value in
fields beyond glass physics, including applications in cryptography as
pseudo-random functions with tunable computational complexity.


  Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been extensively used for inverse
problems. However, their prediction error for unseen test data is difficult to
estimate a priori since the neural networks are trained using only selected
data and their architecture are largely considered a blackbox. This poses a
fundamental challenge to neural networks for unsupervised learning or
improvement beyond the label. In this paper, we show that the recent
unsupervised learning methods such as Noise2Noise, Stein's unbiased risk
estimator (SURE)-based denoiser, and Noise2Void are closely related to each
other in their formulation of an unbiased estimator of the prediction error,
but each of them are associated with its own limitations. Based on these
observations, we provide a novel boosting estimator for the prediction error.
In particular, by employing combinatorial convolutional frame representation of
encoder-decoder CNN and synergistically combining it with the batch
normalization, we provide a close form formulation for the unbiased estimator
of the prediction error that can be minimized for neural network training
beyond the label. Experimental results show that the resulting algorithm, what
we call Noise2Boosting, provides consistent improvement in various inverse
problems under both supervised and unsupervised learning setting.


  We report an implementation of the McMurchie-Davidson (MD) algorithm for
3-center and 4-center 2-particle integrals over Gaussian atomic orbitals (AOs)
with low and high angular momenta $l$ and varying degrees of contraction for
graphical processing units (GPUs). This work builds upon our recent
implementation of a matrix form of the MD algorithm that is efficient for GPU
evaluation of 4-center 2-particle integrals over Gaussian AOs of high angular
momenta ($l\geq 4$) [$\mathit{J. Phys. Chem. A}\ \mathbf{127}$, 10889 (2023)].
The use of unconventional data layouts and three variants of the MD algorithm
allow to evaluate integrals in double precision with sustained performance
between 25% and 70% of the theoretical hardware peak. Performance assessment
includes integrals over AOs with $l\leq 6$ (higher $l$ is supported).
Preliminary implementation of the Hartree-Fock exchange operator is presented
and assessed for computations with up to quadruple-zeta basis and more than
20,000 AOs. The corresponding C++ code is a part of the experimental
open-source $\mathtt{LibintX}$ library available at
$\mathbf{github.com:ValeevGroup/LibintX}$.


  Probably, the long-term monitoring of the solar atmosphere started in Italy
with the first telescopic observations of the Sun made by Galileo Galilei in
the early $17^{\mathrm{th}}$ century. His recorded observations and science
results, as well as the work carried out by other following outstanding Italian
astronomers inspired the start of institutional programs of regular solar
observations at the Arcetri, Catania, and Rome Observatories. These programs
have accumulated daily images of the solar photosphere and chromosphere taken
at various spectral bands over a time span greater than 80 years. In the last
two decades, regular solar observations were continued with digital cameras
only at the Catania and Rome Observatories, which are now part of the INAF
National Institute for Astrophysics. At the two sites, daily solar images are
taken at the photospheric G-band, Blue ($\lambda=409.4$ nm), and Red
($\lambda=606.9$ nm) continua spectral ranges and at the chromospheric Ca II K
and H$\alpha$ lines, with a $2^{\prime\prime}$ spatial resolution. Solar
observation in Italy, which benefits from over 2500 hours of yearly sunshine,
currently aims at the operational monitoring of solar activity and long-term
variability and at the continuation of the historical series as well. Existing
instruments will be soon enriched by the SAMM double channel telescope equipped
with magneto-optical filters that will enable the tomography of the solar
atmosphere with simultaneous observations at the K I 769.9 nm and Na I D 589.0
nm lines. In this contribution, we present the available observations and
outline their scientific relevance.


  Our previous work on quantum mechanics in Hilbert spaces of finite dimensions
N is applied to elucidate the deep meaning of Feynman's path integral pointed
out by G. Svetlichny. He speculated that the secret of the Feynman path
integral may lie in the property of mutual unbiasedness of temporally proximal
bases. We confirm the corresponding property of the short-time propagator by
using a specially devised N x N -approximation of quantum mechanics in L^2(R)
applied to our finite-dimensional analogue of a free quantum particle.


  We present a novel approach for recognizing what we call targetable named
entities; that is, named entities in a targeted set (e.g, movies, books, TV
shows). Unlike many other NER systems that need to retrain their statistical
models as new entities arrive, our approach does not require such retraining,
which makes it more adaptable for types of entities that are frequently
updated. For this preliminary study, we focus on one entity type, movie title,
using data collected from Twitter. Our system is tested on two evaluation sets,
one including only entities corresponding to movies in our training set, and
the other excluding any of those entities. Our final model shows F1-scores of
76.19% and 78.70% on these evaluation sets, which gives strong evidence that
our approach is completely unbiased to any par- ticular set of entities found
during training.


  In this paper, we study the following model of hidden Markov chain:
$Y_i=X_i+\epsilon_i$, $i=1,...,n+1$ with $(X_i)$ a real-valued stationary
Markov chain and $(\epsilon_i)_{1\leq i\leq n+1}$ a noise having a known
distribution and independent of the sequence $(X_i)$. We present an estimator
of the transition density obtained by minimization of an original contrast that
takes advantage of the regressive aspect of the problem. It is selected among a
collection of projection estimators with a model selection method. The
$L^2$-risk and its rate of convergence are evaluated for ordinary smooth noise
and some simulations illustrate the method. We obtain uniform risk bounds over
classes of Besov balls. In addition our estimation procedure requires no prior
knowledge of the regularity of the true transition. Finally, our estimator
permits to avoid the drawbacks of quotient estimators.


  Using isoperimetry and symmetrization we provide a unified framework to study
the classical and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. In particular, we obtain
new Gaussian symmetrization inequalities and connect them with logarithmic
Sobolev inequalities. Our methods are very general and can be easily adapted to
more general contexts.


  We study one dimensional mixtures of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
in the limit where the intra-species and inter-species interaction constants
are very close. Near the mixing-demixing transition the polarization and the
density dynamics decouple. We study the nonlinear polarization waves, show that
they obey a universal (i.e., parameter free) dynamical description, identify a
new type of algebraic soliton, explicitly write simple wave solutions, and
study the Gurevich-Pitaevskii problem in this context.


  This paper is concerned with the nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem of
finding a nonnegative matrix such that its spectrum is the prescribed
self-conjugate set of complex numbers. We first reformulate the nonnegative
inverse eigenvalue problem as an under-determined constrained nonlinear matrix
equation over several matrix manifolds. Then we propose a Riemannian inexact
Newton-CG method for solving the nonlinear matrix equation. The global and
quadratic convergence of the proposed method is established under some mild
conditions. We also extend the proposed method to the case of prescribed
entries. Finally, numerical experiments are reported to illustrate the
efficiency of the proposed method.


  Although there are more than 6,500 languages in the world, the pronunciations
of many phonemes sound similar across the languages. When people learn a
foreign language, their pronunciation often reflects their native language's
characteristics. This motivates us to investigate how the speech synthesis
network learns the pronunciation from datasets from different languages. In
this study, we are interested in analyzing and taking advantage of multilingual
speech synthesis network. First, we train the speech synthesis network
bilingually in English and Korean and analyze how the network learns the
relations of phoneme pronunciation between the languages. Our experimental
result shows that the learned phoneme embedding vectors are located closer if
their pronunciations are similar across the languages. Consequently, the
trained networks can synthesize the English speakers' Korean speech and vice
versa. Using this result, we propose a training framework to utilize
information from a different language. To be specific, we pre-train a speech
synthesis network using datasets from both high-resource language and
low-resource language, then we fine-tune the network using the low-resource
language dataset. Finally, we conducted more simulations on 10 different
languages to show it is generally extendable to other languages.


  This study applies recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which are known for its
ability to process sequential information, to model the spatio-temporal
dynamics of land use change (LUC) and to forecast annual land use maps of the
city of Tsukuba, Japan. We develop two categories of RNN models: 1) simple RNN,
which is the basic RNN variant, 2) three RNN variants with advanced gated
architecture: long short-term memory (LSTM), LSTM with peephole connection
(LSTM-peephole), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models. The four models are
developed using spatio-temporal data with high temporal resolution, annual data
for the periods 2000 to 2010, 2011 and 2012 to 2016 are used for training,
validation and testing, respectively. The predictive performances are evaluated
using classification metrics (accuracy and F1 score) and the map comparison
metrics (Kappa simulation and fuzzy Kappa simulation). The results show that
all RNN models achieve F1 scores higher than 0.55, and Kappa simulations higher
than 0.47. Out of the four RNN models, LSTM and LSTM-peephole models
significantly outperform the other two RNN models. Furthermore, LSTM-peephole
model slightly outperforms the LSTM model. In addition, the results indicate
that the RNN models with gated architecture, which have better ability to model
longer temporal dependency, significantly outperform the simple RNN model.
Moreover, the predictive performance of LSTM-peephole model gradually decreases
with the decrease of temporal sequential length of the training set. These
results demonstrate the benefit of taking temporal dependency into account to
model the LUC process with RNNs.


  Theoretical investigations of the hyperfine structure of the hydrogen
molecular ion (one electron and two protons) are discussed. The nuclear
spin-rotation interaction has been found to be of the same sign as in the
hydrogen molecule and the hyperfine transition frequencies can be accurately
predicted. With measurements of the hyperfine structure of the deuterium
molecular ion (or of HD+) it should be possible to obtain a value of the
deuteron quadrupole moment that could be compared with the values obtained from
the deuterium molecule and from nuclear theory.


  Machine learning practitioners often have access to a spectrum of data:
labeled data for the target task (which is often limited), unlabeled data, and
auxiliary data, the many available labeled datasets for other tasks. We
describe TAGLETS, a system built to study techniques for automatically
exploiting all three types of data and creating high-quality, servable
classifiers. The key components of TAGLETS are: (1) auxiliary data organized
according to a knowledge graph, (2) modules encapsulating different methods for
exploiting auxiliary and unlabeled data, and (3) a distillation stage in which
the ensembled modules are combined into a servable model. We compare TAGLETS
with state-of-the-art transfer learning and semi-supervised learning methods on
four image classification tasks. Our study covers a range of settings, varying
the amount of labeled data and the semantic relatedness of the auxiliary data
to the target task. We find that the intelligent incorporation of auxiliary and
unlabeled data into multiple learning techniques enables TAGLETS to match-and
most often significantly surpass-these alternatives. TAGLETS is available as an
open-source system at github.com/BatsResearch/taglets.


  We show that supersymmetric (susy) hyperbolic isomorphism theorems that
relate Vertex Reinforced Jump Processes and $H^{2|2}$ field, introduced in [2]
and [3], are annealed version of isomorphism theorems relating Markov processes
and Gaussian free field, with the help of a Bayes formula that relates susy
hyperbolic field to susy free field. On the other hand, we also prove a
BFS-Dynkin's isomorphism theorem for reinforced loop soup. Moreover, we provide
yet another proof of BFS-Dynkin's isomorphism for VRJP a la Feynman-Kac.


  The particle distribution function that describes two interpenetrating plasma
streams is re-investigated. It is shown how, based on the
Maxwell-Boltzmann-J\"uttner distribution function that has been derived almost
a century ago, a counterstreaming distribution function can be derived that
uses velocity space. Such is necessary for various analytical calculations and
numerical simulations that are reliant on velocity coordinates rather than
momentum space. The application to the electrostatic two-stream instability
illustrates the differences caused by the use of the relativistic distribution
function.


  We analyze radiation of a charge moving in a vacuum channel in an anisotropic
non-gyrotropic medium with plasma-like components of the permittivity tensor.
The expressions for field components are obtained and analyzed. It is shown
that the field contains both the radiation field and the plasma oscillations.
Most attention is focused on the energy loss of the charge per the unit path
length. The dependencies of the loss on the charge velocity and the plasma
frequencies are studied. The relative roles of radiation loss and polarization
one are considered. The most interesting result is that the energy loss is
negligible when one of the permittivity tensor components is equal to 1, and
the charge velocity tends to the speed of light in vacuum. This effect can be
promising for applying in collimators of ultrarelativistic bunches.


  This paper reports thermopower and conductivity measurements through the
metal-insulator transition for 2-dimensional electron gases in high mobility
Si-MOSFETs. At low temperatures both thermopower and conductivity show critical
behaviour as a function of electron density. When approaching the critical
density from the metallic side the diffusion thermopower appears to diverge and
the conductivity vanishes. On the insulating side the thermopower shows an
upturn with decreasing temperature. These features have much in common with
those expected for an Anderson transition.


  We present an extensive study of the static and dynamic properties of systems
of spin-polarized tritium atoms. In particular, we calculate the two-body
|F,m_F>=|0,0> s-wave scattering length and show that it can be manipulated via
a Feshbach resonance at a field strength of about 870G. Such a resonance might
be exploited to make and control a Bose-Einstein condensate of tritium in the
|0,0> state. It is further shown that the quartet tritium trimer is the only
bound hydrogen isotope and that its single vibrational bound state is a
Borromean state. The ground state properties of larger spin-polarized tritium
clusters are also presented and compared with those of helium clusters.


  We consider the embedding theory, the approach to gravity proposed by Regge
and Teitelboim, in which 4D space-time is treated as a surface in
high-dimensional flat ambient space. In its general form, which does not
contain artificially imposed constraints, this theory can be viewed as an
extension of GR. In the present paper we study the canonical description of the
embedding theory in this general form. In this case, one of the natural
constraints cannot be written explicitly, in contrast to the case where
additional Einsteinian constraints are imposed. Nevertheless, it is possible to
calculate all Poisson brackets with this constraint. We prove that the algebra
of four emerging constraints is closed, i.e., all of them are first-class
constraints. The explicit form of this algebra is also obtained.


  We study unital groups with a distinguished family of compressions called a
compression base. A motivating example is the partially ordered additive group
of a von Neumann algebra with all Naimark compressions as the compression base.


  We consider the possibility that QCD with N flavors has a useful low-energy
description with 2N flavors. Specifically, we investigate a free theory of 2N
quarks. Although the free theory is U(N)_L X U(N)_R invariant, it admits a
larger U(2N) invariance. However, when the axial anomaly is accounted for in
the effective theory by a 't Hooft interaction, only SU(N)_L X SU(N)_R X U(1)_B
\subset U(2N) survives. There is however a residual discrete symmetry that is
not a symmetry of the QCD lagrangian. This S_2 subgroup of U(2N) has many
interesting properties. For instance, when explicit chiral symmetry breaking
effects are present, S_2 is broken unless \bar\theta=0 or pi. By expressing the
free theory on the light-front, we show that flavor doubling implies several
superconvergence relations in pion-hadron scattering. Implicit in the 2N-flavor
effective theory is a Regge trajectory with vacuum quantum numbers and unit
intercept whose behavior is constrained by S_2. In particular, S_2 implies that
forward pion-hadron scattering becomes purely elastic at high-energies, in good
agreement with experiment.


  This work builds together two popular blocks of neural architecture, namely
convolutional layers and Transformers, for large language models (LLMs).
Non-causal conformers are used ubiquitously in automatic speech recognition.
This work aims to adapt these architectures in a causal setup for training
LLMs. Transformers decoders effectively capture long-range dependencies over
several modalities and form a core backbone of modern advancements in machine
learning. Convolutional architectures have been popular in extracting features
in domains such as raw 1-D signals, speech, and images, to name a few. In this
paper, by combining local and global dependencies over latent representations
using causal convolutional filters and Transformer, we achieve significant
gains in performance. This work showcases a robust speech architecture that can
be integrated and adapted in a causal setup beyond speech applications for
large-scale language modeling.


  In this paper, we study a class of mean field type FBSDEs. We propose a class
of motonotinity conditions, under which we show the uniformly Lipschitz
continuity of the decoupling field and obtain the existence and uniqueness of
solution. We further provide a representation result for the solution and the
decoupling field. Finally, we obtain the regularity of the decoupling field and
establish global well-posedness of classical solutions to related master
equations.


  We give a modern exposition and an elementary proof of the topological
equivalence between periodic homeomorphisms of the disc and the sphere and
euclidean isometries.


  A list assignment of a graph $G$ is a function $L$ that assigns a list $L(v)$
of colors to each vertex $v\in V(G)$. An $(L,d)^*$-coloring is a mapping $\pi$
that assigns a color $\pi(v)\in L(v)$ to each vertex $v\in V(G)$ so that at
most $d$ neighbors of $v$ receive color $\pi(v)$. A graph $G$ is said to be
$(k,d)^*$-choosable if it admits an $(L,d)^*$-coloring for every list
assignment $L$ with $|L(v)|\ge k$ for all $v\in V(G)$. In 2001, Lih et al.
\cite{LSWZ-01} proved that planar graphs without 4- and $l$-cycles are
$(3,1)^*$-choosable, where $l\in \{5,6,7\}$. Later, Dong and Xu \cite{DX-09}
proved that planar graphs without 4- and l-cycles are $(3,1)^*$-choosable,
where $l\in \{8,9\}$.
  There exist planar graphs containing 4-cycles that are not
$(3,1)^*$-choosable (Crown, Crown and Woodall, 1986 \cite{CCW-86}). This partly
explains the fact that in all above known sufficient conditions for the
$(3,1)^*$-choosability of planar graphs the 4-cycles are completely forbidden.
In this paper we allow 4-cycles nonadjacent to relatively short cycles. More
precisely, we prove that every planar graph without 4-cycles adjacent to 3- and
4-cycles is $(3,1)^*$-choosable. This is a common strengthening of all above
mentioned results. Moreover as a consequence we give a partial answer to a
question of Xu and Zhang \cite{XZ-07} and show that every planar graph without
4-cycles is $(3,1)^*$-choosable.


  We observe the twisted Alexander polynomial for metabelian representations of
knot groups into SL(2,C) and study relations to the characterizations of
metabelian representations in the character varieties. We give a factorization
of the twisted Alexander polynomial for irreducible metabelian representations
with the adjoint action on sl(2,C), in which the Alexander polynomial and the
twisted Alexander polynomial appear as factors. We also show several explicit
examples.


  In one-component abelian sandpile models, the toppling probabilities are
independent quantities. This is not the case in multi-component models. The
condition of associativity of the underlying abelian algebras impose nonlinear
relations among the toppling probabilities. These relations are derived for the
case of two-component quadratic abelian algebras. We show that abelian sandpile
models with two conservation laws have only trivial avalanches.


  In the first papers of our series on interstellar generation ships we have
demonstrated that the numerical code HERITAGE is able to calculate the success
rate of multi-generational space missions. Thanks to the social and breeding
constraints we examined, a multi-generational crew can safely reach an
exoplanet after centuries of deep space travel without risks of consanguinity
or genetic disorders. We now turn to addressing an equally important question :
how to feed the crew? Dried food stocks are not a viable option due to the
deterioration of vitamins with time and the tremendous quantities that would be
required for long-term storage. The best option relies on farming aboard the
spaceship. Using an updated version of HERITAGE that now accounts for
age-dependent biological characteristics such as height and weight, and
features related to the varying number of colonists, such as infertility,
pregnancy and miscarriage rates, we can estimate the annual caloric
requirements aboard using the Harris-Benedict principle. By comparing those
numbers with conventional and modern farming techniques we are able to predict
the size of artificial land to be allocated in the vessel for agricultural
purposes. We find that, for an heterogeneous crew of 500 people living on an
omnivorous, balanced diet, 0.45 km2 of artificial land would suffice in order
to grow all the necessary food using a combination of aeroponics (for fruits,
vegetables, starch, sugar, and oil) and conventional farming (for meat, fish,
dairy, and honey).


  After briefly reviewing the impact of various parameters on photoionization
models, we illustrate the importance of the nebular geometry by two examples:
we first compare the results from models with thin shell and full shell
geometry, and we study the influence of a diffuse ionized medium in the
integrated spectra of galaxies at large redshift. Finally, we show how the
calibration of the strong line method for deriving oxygen abundances depends on
the assumed average properties of the ionizing star cluster and on the density
distribution of the nebular gas.


  Bilateralists hold that the meanings of the connectives are determined by
rules of inference for their use in deductive reasoning with asserted and
denied formulas. This paper presents two bilateral connectives comparable to
Prior's tonk, for which, unlike for tonk, there are reduction steps for the
removal of maximal formulas arising from introducing and eliminating formulas
with those connectives as main operators. Adding either of them to bilateral
classical logic results in an incoherent system. One way around this problem is
to count formulas as maximal that are the conclusion of reductio and major
premise of an elimination rule and to require their removability from
deductions. The main part of the paper consists in a proof of a normalisation
theorem for bilateral logic. The closing sections address philosophical
concerns whether the proof provides a satisfactory solution to the problem at
hand and confronts bilateralists with the dilemma that a bilateral notion of
stability sits uneasily with the core bilateral thesis.
  The Note corrects an error in one of the reduction steps in the paper.


  In this article, we develop a new method to approximate numerically the
fractional Laplacian of functions defined on $\mathbb R$, as well as some more
general singular integrals. After mapping $\mathbb R$ into a finite interval,
we discretize the integral operator using a modified midpoint rule. The result
of this procedure can be cast as a discrete convolution, which can be evaluated
efficiently using the Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT). The method provides an
efficient, second order accurate, approximation to the fractional Laplacian,
without the need to truncate the domain.
  We first prove that the method gives a second-order approximation for the
fractional Laplacian and other related singular integrals; then, we detail the
implementation of the method using the fast convolution, and give numerical
examples that support its efficacy and efficiency; finally, as an example of
its applicability to an evolution problem, we employ the method for the
discretization of the nonlocal part of the one-dimensional cubic fractional
Schr\"odinger equation in the focusing case.


  Inspired by the current observations that the ratio of the abundance of dark
energy $\Omega_{\Lambda}$, and the matter density, $\Omega_{m}$, is such that
$\Omega_{m}/\Omega_{\Lambda}\sim 0.37$, we provide a string inspired
phenomenological model where we explain this order one ratio, the smallness of
the cosmological constant, and also the recent cosmic acceleration. We observe
that any effective theory motivated by a higher dimensional physics provides
radion/dilaton couplings to the standard model and the dark matter component
with different strengths. Provided radion/dilaton is a dynamical field we show
that $\Omega_{\Lambda}(t)$ tracks $\Omega_{m}(t)$ and dominates very recently.


  Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field, and let $C$ be the $n\times n$ companion matrix
of the monic polynomial $f(x)\in \mathbb{F}[x]$ such that $f(x) = \det(xI-C) =
(x - \lambda_1)^{n_1} \cdots (x - \lambda_m)^{n_m}$ for $m$ distinct elements
$\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_m \in \mathbb{F}$. It is shown that there is a
generalized Vandermonde matrix $V$ associated with $f(x)$ such that $VCV^{-1}$
is in Jordan form, and the columns of $V^{-1}$ are connected to the Hermite
interpolating polynomials, whose higher derivatives will have specific values
at $\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_m$. If $m = n$ and $n_1 = \cdots = n_m = 1$, then
the results reduce to the fact that the (classical) Vandermonde $V$ of
$\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_n$ satisfies $VCV^{-1}$ is a diagonal matrix and
that the columns of $V^{-1}$ correspond to the Lagrange interpolating
polynomials. This shows that the results for real polynomials and matrices also
hold for polynomials and matrices over an arbitrary field $\mathbb{F}$.
Moreover, interpretations and insights of the results are given in terms of
linear transformation between $\mathbb{F}^n$ and the linear space of
polynomials in $\mathbb{F}[x]$ with degree less than $n$.


  We consider the $\Omega$-deformed $\mathcal{N}=2$ $SU(2)$ gauge theory in
four dimensions with $N_{f}=4$ massive fundamental hypermultiplets. The low
energy effective action depends on the deformation parameters $\varepsilon_{1},
\varepsilon_{2}$, the scalar field expectation value $a$, and the
hypermultiplet masses ${\bf m}=(m_{1}, m_{2}, m_{3}, m_{4})$. Motivated by
recent findings in the $\mathcal{N}=2^{*}$ theory, we explore the theories that
are characterized by special fixed ratios $\varepsilon_{2}/\varepsilon_{1}$ and
${\bf m}/\varepsilon_{1}$ and propose a simple condition on the structure of
the multi-instanton contributions to the prepotential determining the effective
action. This condition determines a finite set $\Pi_{N}$ of special points such
that the prepotential has $N$ poles at fixed positions independent on the
instanton number. In analogy with what happens in the $\mathcal{N}=2^{*}$ gauge
theory, the full prepotential of the $\Pi_{N}$ theories may be given in closed
form as an explicit function of $a$ and the modular parameter $q$ appearing in
special combinations of Eisenstein series and Jacobi theta functions with well
defined modular properties. The resulting finite pole partition functions are
related by AGT correspondence to special 4-point spherical conformal blocks of
the Virasoro algebra. We examine in full details special cases where the closed
expression of the block is known and confirms our Ansatz. We systematically
study the special features of Zamolodchikov's recursion for the $\Pi_{N}$
conformal blocks. As a result, we provide a novel effective recursion relation
that can be exactly solved and allows to prove the conjectured closed
expressions analytically in the case of the $\Pi_{1}$ and $\Pi_{2}$ conformal
blocks.


  We provide a quantitative analysis of the splittings in low-lying numerical
entanglement spectra (ES), at given momentum, of a number of quantum states
that can be identified, based on "Li-Haldane state-counting", as ground states
of (2+1)-dimensional chiral topological phases with global SU(2) symmetry. The
ability to account for numerical ES splittings solely within the context of
conformal field theory (CFT) is an additional diagnostic of the underlying
topological theory, of finer sensitivity than "state-counting". We use the
conformal boundary state description of the ES, which can be viewed as a
quantum quench. In this language, the ES splittings arise from local
conservation laws in the chiral CFT besides the energy, which we view as a
Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE). Global SU(2) symmetry imposes strong
constraints on the number of such conservation laws, so that only a small
number of parameters can be responsible for the splittings. We work out these
conservation laws for chiral SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten CFTs at levels one and
two, and for the latter we notably find that some of the conservation laws take
the form of local integrals of operators of fractional dimension, as proposed
by Cardy for quantum quenches. We analyze numerical ES from systems with SU(2)
symmetry including chiral spin-liquid ground states of local 2D Hamiltonians
and two chiral Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) tensor networks, which
exhibit the "state-counting" of the SU(2)-level-one and -level-two theories. We
find that the low-lying ES splittings can be well understood by the lowest of
our conservation laws, and we demonstrate the importance of accounting for the
fractional conservation laws at level two. Thus the states we consider,
including the PEPS, appear chiral also under our more sensitive diagnostic.


  Although convolutional neural network (CNN) has made great progress, large
redundant parameters restrict its deployment on embedded devices, especially
mobile devices. The recent compression works are focused on real-value
convolutional neural network (Real CNN), however, to our knowledge, there is no
attempt for the compression of complex-value convolutional neural network
(Complex CNN). Compared with the real-valued network, the complex-value neural
network is easier to optimize, generalize, and has better learning potential.
This paper extends the commonly used deep compression algorithm from real
domain to complex domain and proposes an improved deep compression algorithm
for the compression of Complex CNN. The proposed algorithm compresses the
network about 8 times on CIFAR-10 dataset with less than 3% accuracy loss. On
the ImageNet dataset, our method compresses the model about 16 times and the
accuracy loss is about 2% without retraining.


  MEGARA (Multi Espectr{\'o}grafo en GTC de Alta Resoluci{\'o}n para
Astronom{\'\i}a) is an optical (3650~--~9750\AA), fibre-fed, medium-high
spectral resolution (R = 6000, 12000, 20000) instrument for the GTC 10.4m
telescope, commissioned in the summer of 2017, and currently in operation. The
scientific exploitation of MEGARA demands a stellar-spectra library to
interpret galaxy data and to estimate the contribution of the stellar
populations. This paper introduces the MEGARA-GTC spectral library, detailing
the rationale behind the catalogue building. We present the spectra of 97 stars
(21 individual stars and 56 members of the globular cluster M15, being both
sub-samples taken during the commissioning runs; and 20 stars from our on-going
GTC Open-Time program). The spectra have R~=~20000 in the HR-R and HR-I setups,
centred at 6563 and 8633~\AA\ respectively. We describe the procedures to
reduce and analyse the data. Then, we determine the best-fitting theoretical
models to each spectrum through a $\chi^{2}$ minimisation technique to derive
the stellar physical parameters and discuss the results. We have also measured
some absorption lines and indices. Finally, this article introduces our project
to complete the library and the database to make the spectra available to the
community.


  The two-dimensional Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability(RMI) system and the
coexisting system combined with Rayleigh-Taylor Instability(RTI) are simulated
with a multiple-relaxation time discrete Boltzmann model. It is found that, for
the RMI system, the correlation between globally averaged non-organized energy
flux and nonuniformity of temperature is nearly 1; the correlation between
globally averaged non-organized momentum flux and nonuniformity of velocity and
that between globally averaged thermodynamic non-equilibrium strength and
nonuniformity of density are also high. In the coexisting system combined with
RTI, the collaboration and competition mechanisms of the two instabilities are
investigated. In the case where RMI dominates, an interesting interface
inversion process is observed. The parameter regions for RMI dominates and RTI
dominates are given. The effects of gravity acceleration and Mach number on
nonequilibrium are carefully studied, via which the effects of RTI and RMI
strengths on the extent of material mixing are better probed.


  The order in which the trajectory is executed is a powerful source of
information for recognizers. However, there is still no general approach for
recovering the trajectory of complex and long handwriting from static images.
Complex specimens can result in multiple pen-downs and in a high number of
trajectory crossings yielding agglomerations of pixels (also known as
clusters). While the scientific literature describes a wide range of approaches
for recovering the writing order in handwriting, these approaches nevertheless
lack a common evaluation metric. In this paper, we introduce a new system to
estimate the order recovery of thinned static trajectories, which allows to
effectively resolve the clusters and select the order of the executed
pen-downs. We evaluate how knowing the starting points of the pen-downs affects
the quality of the recovered writing. Once the stability and sensitivity of the
system is analyzed, we describe a series of experiments with three publicly
available databases, showing competitive results in all cases. We expect the
proposed system, whose code is made publicly available to the research
community, to reduce potential confusion when the order of complex trajectories
are recovered, and this will in turn make the trajectories recovered to be
viable for further applications, such as velocity estimation.


  We propose an efficient method for generating high accuracy (~1%) nonlinear
power spectra for grids of dark energy cosmologies. Our prescription for
matching matter growth automatically matches the main features of the cosmic
microwave background anisotropy power spectrum, thus naturally including ``CMB
priors''.


  The third Painlev\'e equation in its generic form, often referred to as
Painlev\'e-III($D_6$), is given by $$ \frac{{\rm d}^2u}{{\rm d}x^2}
=\frac{1}{u}\left(\frac{{\rm d}u}{{\rm d}x}\right)^2-\frac{1}{x}\frac{{\rm
d}u}{{\rm d}x}+\frac{\alpha u^2+\beta}{x}+4u^3-\frac{4}{u}, \qquad \alpha,\beta
\in \mathbb C.$$ Starting from a generic initial solution $u_0(x)$
corresponding to parameters $\alpha$, $\beta$, denoted as the triple
$(u_0(x),\alpha,\beta)$, we apply an explicit B\"acklund transformation to
generate a family of solutions $(u_n(x),\alpha+4n,\beta+4n)$ indexed by $n \in
\mathbb N$. We study the large $n$ behavior of the solutions
$(u_n(x),\alpha+4n,\beta+4n)$ under the scaling $x=z/n$ in two different ways:
(a) analyzing the convergence properties of series solutions to the equation,
and (b) using a Riemann-Hilbert representation of the solution $u_n(z/n)$. Our
main result is a proof that the limit of solutions $u_n(z/n)$ exists and is
given by a solution of the degenerate Painlev\'e-III equation, known as
Painlev\'e-III($D_8$), $$ \frac{{\rm d}^2U}{{\rm d}z^2}
=\frac{1}{U}\left(\frac{{\rm d}U}{{\rm d}z}\right)^2-\frac{1}{z}\frac{{\rm
d}U}{{\rm d}z}+\frac{4U^2+4}{z}.$$ A notable application of our result is to
rational solutions of Painlev\'e-III($D_6$), which are constructed using the
seed solution $(1,4m,-4m)$ where $m \in \mathbb C \setminus \big(\mathbb Z
+\frac{1}{2}\big)$ and can be written as a particular ratio of Umemura
polynomials. We identify the limiting solution in terms of both its initial
condition at $z=0$ when it is well defined, and by its monodromy data in the
general case. Furthermore, as a consequence of our analysis, we deduce the
asymptotic behavior of generic solutions of Painlev\'e-III, both $D_6$ and
$D_8$ at $z=0$. We also deduce the large $n$ behavior of the Umemura
polynomials in a neighborhood of $z=0$.


  Given a convex set $C$ in a real vector space $E$ and two points $x,y\in C$,
we investivate which are the possible values for the variation $f(y)-f(x)$,
where $f:C\longrightarrow [m,M]$ is a bounded convex function. We then rewrite
the bounds in terms of the Funk weak metric, which will imply that a bounded
convex function is Lipschitz-continuous with respect to the Thompson and
Hilbert metrics. The bounds are also proved to be optimal. We also exhibit the
maximal subdifferential of a bounded convex function at a given point $x\in C$.


  This work aims to enable on-device training of convolutional neural networks
(CNNs) by reducing the computation cost at training time. CNN models are
usually trained on high-performance computers and only the trained models are
deployed to edge devices. But the statically trained model cannot adapt
dynamically in a real environment and may result in low accuracy for new
inputs. On-device training by learning from the real-world data after
deployment can greatly improve accuracy. However, the high computation cost
makes training prohibitive for resource-constrained devices. To tackle this
problem, we explore the computational redundancies in training and reduce the
computation cost by two complementary approaches: self-supervised early
instance filtering on data level and error map pruning on the algorithm level.
The early instance filter selects important instances from the input stream to
train the network and drops trivial ones. The error map pruning further prunes
out insignificant computations when training with the selected instances.
Extensive experiments show that the computation cost is substantially reduced
without any or with marginal accuracy loss. For example, when training
ResNet-110 on CIFAR-10, we achieve 68% computation saving while preserving full
accuracy and 75% computation saving with a marginal accuracy loss of 1.3%.
Aggressive computation saving of 96% is achieved with less than 0.1% accuracy
loss when quantization is integrated into the proposed approaches. Besides,
when training LeNet on MNIST, we save 79% computation while boosting accuracy
by 0.2%.


  A Be/X-ray binary system known as RX J0440.9+4431 (or LS V +44 17) is a
potential member of the uncommon gamma-ray binary class. With an orbital period
of 150 days, this system consists of a neutron star and a Be star companion.
The MAXI observatory discovered an X-ray outburst from the source in December
of 2022. Early in January, the outburst reached its peak, which was then
followed by a decrease and a subsequent rebrightening. The X-ray flux exceeded
1 Crab in the 15-50 keV range at this second peak. AstroSat observations were
conducted close to the peak of the second outburst, from January 11 to January
12, 2023. We report here the results of our search for 3-80 keV X-ray emission
in the data of the AstroSat's LAXPC detector. It is found that the pulse period
of the source is around 208 seconds. The source is found to be emitting more in
the softer part of the X-ray energy range. The spectral characteristics can be
described by employing a power-law model with an exponential cutoff, along with
a blackbody component, interstellar absorption and an additional 6.4 keV iron
fluorescence line.


  Continual learning (CL) is a paradigm that aims to replicate the human
ability to learn and accumulate knowledge continually without forgetting
previous knowledge and transferring it to new tasks. Recent instruction tuning
(IT) involves fine-tuning models to make them more adaptable to solving NLP
tasks in general. However, it is still uncertain how instruction tuning works
in the context of CL tasks. This challenging yet practical problem is
formulated as Continual Instruction Tuning (CIT). In this work, we establish a
CIT benchmark consisting of learning and evaluation protocols. We curate two
long dialogue task streams of different types, InstrDialog and InstrDialog++,
to study various CL methods systematically. Our experiments show that existing
CL methods do not effectively leverage the rich natural language instructions,
and fine-tuning an instruction-tuned model sequentially can yield similar or
better results. We further explore different aspects that might affect the
learning of CIT. We hope this benchmark will facilitate more research in this
direction.


  The double pulsar system J0737-3039 appears associated with a continuous
radio emission, nearly three times stronger than that of the two pulsars
together. If such an emission comes from a tranparent cloud its spatial extent
(> 10^13 cm) should be substantially larger than the orbital separation.
Assuming homogeneity and equipartition, the cloud magnetic field is 0.03 G and
the electron characteristic energy ~ 60 MeV. This is consistent with supposing
that relativistic electrons produced in the shock formed by the interaction of
the more luminous pulsar wind with the magnetosphere of the companion flow away
filling a larger volume. Alternatively, the unpulsed emission may directly come
from the bow shock if some kind of coherent mechanism is at work. Possible
observational signatures that can dicriminate between the two pictures are
shortly discussed.


  We develop analytical tools and numerical methods for time evolving the total
density matrix of the finite-size Anderson model. The model is composed of two
finite metal grains, each prepared in canonical states of differing chemical
potential and connected through a single electronic level (quantum dot or
impurity). Coulomb interactions are either excluded all together, or allowed on
the dot only. We extend this basic model to emulate decoherring and inelastic
scattering processes for the dot electrons with the probe technique. Three
methods, originally developed to treat impurity dynamics, are augmented to
yield global system dynamics: the quantum Langevin equation method, the well
known fermionic trace formula, and an iterative path integral approach. The
latter accommodates interactions on the dot in a numerically exact fashion. We
apply the developed techniques to two open topics in nonequilibrium many-body
physics: (i) We explore the role of many-body electron-electron repulsion
effects on the dynamics of the system. Results, obtained using exact path
integral simulations, are compared to mean-field quantum Langevin equation
predictions. (ii) We analyze aspects of quantum equilibration and
thermalization in large quantum systems using the probe technique, mimicking
elastic-dephasing effects and inelastic interactions on the dot. Here, unitary
simulations based on the fermionic trace formula are accompanied by quantum
Langevin equation calculations.


  We use the concept of electric potential energy from physics, the
mathematical field of graph theory, and the notion of majorization to study
maximal evenness in a broader mathematical context than what was previously
possible, so that we can go beyond the well-known one-dimensional maximally
even sets into higher dimensional and more geometrically complex territory. We
investigate musical connections between certain generalizations of maximally
even sets, one of the oldest Puerto Rican musical traditions of African origin
called bomba, and with certain scales ranging from the familiar to the
esoteric.


  Let ||.|| be a norm on the algebra M_n of all n-by-n matrices over the
complex field C. An interesting problem in matrix theory is that "are there two
norms ||.||_1 and ||.||_2 on C^n such that ||A||=max{||Ax||_2: ||x||_1=1} for
all A in M_n. We will investigate this problem and its various aspects and will
discuss under which conditions ||.||_1=||.||_2.


  Albeit Natural Language Processing has seen major breakthroughs in the last
few years, transferring such advances into real-world business cases can be
challenging. One of the reasons resides in the displacement between popular
benchmarks and actual data. Lack of supervision, unbalanced classes, noisy data
and long documents often affect real problems in vertical domains such as
finance, law and health. To support industry-oriented research, we present
BUSTER, a BUSiness Transaction Entity Recognition dataset. The dataset consists
of 3779 manually annotated documents on financial transactions. We establish
several baselines exploiting both general-purpose and domain-specific language
models. The best performing model is also used to automatically annotate 6196
documents, which we release as an additional silver corpus to BUSTER.


  Traditionally, spectroscopy is performed by examining the position of
absorption lines. However, at frequencies near the transition frequency,
additional information can be obtained from the phase shift. In this work we
consider the information about the transition frequency obtained from both the
absorption and the phase shift, as quantified by the Fisher information in an
interferometric measurement. We examine the use of multiple single-photon
states, NOON states, and numerically optimized states that are entangled and
have multiple photons. We find the optimized states that improve over the
standard quantum limit set by independent single photons for some atom number
densities.