  Networks of filamentous actin (F-actin) are important for the mechanics of
most animal cells. These cytoskeletal networks are highly dynamic, with a
variety of actin-associated proteins that control cross-linking, polymerization
and force generation in the cytoskeleton. Inspired by recent rheological
experiments on reconstituted solutions of dynamic actin filaments, we report a
theoretical model that describes stress relaxation behavior of these solutions
in the presence of severing proteins. We show that depending on the kinetic
rates of assembly, disassembly, and severing, one can observe both
length-dependent and length-independent relaxation behavior.


  The dynamical behavior of two types of non-equilibrium systems is discussed:
$(a)$ two-dimensional cellular structures, and $(b)$ living polymers. Simple
models governing their evolution are introduced and steady state distributions
(cell side in the case of cellular structures and length in the case of living
polymers) are calculated. In both cases the models possess a one parameter
family of steady state distributions. Selection mechanism by which a particular
distribution is dynamically selected is discussed.


  We describe the onset of condensation in the simple model for the balance
between selection and mutation given by Kingman in terms of a scaling limit
theorem. Loosely speaking, this shows that the wave moving towards genes of
maximal fitness has the shape of a gamma distribution. We conjecture that this
wave shape is a universal phenomenon that can also be found in a variety of
more complex models, well beyond the genetics context, and provide some further
evidence for this.


  We experimentally and numerically investigate the angular momentum transport
in turbulent Taylor-Couette flow for independently rotating cylinders at a
small radius ratio of $\eta=0.357$ for various shear Reynolds numbers
($4.5\times 10^3 \leq Re_S \leq 1.2 \times 10^5$) and ratios of angular
velocities ($-0.5 \leq \mu \leq 0.2$). \red{The momentum transport in terms of
the pseudo-Nusselt number ${Nu}_\omega$ does not show a pure power law scaling
with the forcing $Re_S$ and features non-constant effective scaling between
$1.3\times 10^4 \leq Re_S \leq 4 \times 10^4$. This transition lies in the
classical turbulent regime and is caused by the curvature-dependent limited
capacity of the outer cylinder to emit small-scale plumes at a sufficient rate
to equalize the angular momentum in the bulk.} For counter-rotating cylinders,
a maximum in the torque occurs at $\mu_{\max}=-0.123 \pm 0.030$. The origin of
this maximum can be attributed to a strengthening of turbulent Taylor vortices,
which is revealed by the flow visualization technique. In addition, different
flow states at $\mu_{\max}$ concerning the wavelength of the large-scale
vortices have been detected. The experimental and numerical results for the
Nusselt number show a very good agreement.


  We study two-field bouncing cosmologies in which primordial perturbations are
created in either an ekpyrotic or a matter-dominated contraction phase. We use
a non-singular ghost condensate bounce model to follow the perturbations
through the bounce into the expanding phase of the universe. In contrast to the
adiabatic perturbations, which on large scales are conserved across the bounce,
entropy perturbations can grow significantly during the bounce phase. If they
are converted into adiabatic/curvature perturbations after the bounce, they
typically form the dominant contribution to the observed temperature
fluctuations in the microwave background, which can have several beneficial
implications. For ekpyrotic models, this mechanism loosens the constraints on
the amplitude of the ekpyrotic potential while naturally suppressing the
intrinsic amount of non-Gaussianity. For matter bounce models, the mechanism
amplifies the scalar perturbations compared to the associated primordial
gravitational waves.


  In this paper, we establish the rigidity of the generalized cylinder $N^n
\times \mathbb R^{m-n}$, or a quotient thereof, in the space of Ricci shrinkers
equipped with the pointed-Gromov-Hausdorff topology. Here, $N$ is a stable
Einstein manifold that has an obstruction of order $3$. The proof is based on a
quantitative characterization of the rigidity of compact Ricci shrinkers, a
rigidity inequality of mixed orders on generalized cylinders, and the method of
contraction and extension. As an application, we prove the uniqueness of the
tangent flow for general compact Ricci flows under the assumption that one
tangent flow is a generalized cylinder.


  We present a categorical model for intuitionistic linear logic where objects
are polynomial diagrams and morphisms are simulation diagrams. The
multiplicative structure (tensor product and its adjoint) can be defined in any
locally cartesian closed category, whereas the additive (product and coproduct)
and exponential Tensor-comonoid comonad) structures require additional
properties and are only developed in the category Set, where the objects and
morphisms have natural interpretations in terms of games, simulation and
strategies.


  We study in detail the properties of the quantum East model, an interacting
quantum spin chain inspired by simple kinetically-constrained models of
classical glasses. Through a combination of analytics, exact diagonalization
and tensor-network methods we show the existence of a transition, from a fast
to a slow thermalization regime, which manifests itself throughout the
spectrum. On the slow side, by exploiting the localization of the ground state
and the form of the Hamiltonian, we explicitly construct a large (exponential
in size) number of non-thermal states which become exact finite-energy-density
eigenstates in the large-size limit, as expected for a true phase transition. A
``super-spin'' generalization allows us to find a further large class of
area-law states proved to display very slow relaxation. These states retain
memory of their initial conditions for extremely long times. Our numerical
analysis reveals that the localization properties are not limited to the ground
state and that} many eigenstates have large overlap with product states and can
be approximated well by matrix product states at arbitrary energy densities.
The mechanism that induces localization to the ground state, and hence the
non-thermal behavior of the system, can be extended to a wide range of models
including a number of simple spin chains. We discuss implications of our
results for slow thermalization and non-ergodicity more generally in
disorder-free systems with constraints and we give numerical evidence that
these results may be extended to two dimensional systems.


  A general scheme for determining and studying hydrodynamic type systems
describing integrable deformations of algebraic curves is applied to cubic
curves. Lagrange resolvents of the theory of cubic equations are used to derive
and characterize these deformations.


  Making use of large-order techniques in asymptotics and resurgent analysis,
this work addresses the growth of enumerative Gromov-Witten invariants---in
their dependence upon genus and degree of the embedded curve---for several
different threefold Calabi-Yau varieties. In particular, while the leading
asymptotics of these invariants at large genus or at large degree is
exponential, at combined large genus and degree it turns out to be factorial.
This factorial growth has a resurgent nature, originating via mirror symmetry
from the resurgent-transseries description of the B-model free energy. This
implies the existence of nonperturbative sectors controlling the asymptotics of
the Gromov-Witten invariants, which could themselves have an
enumerative-geometry interpretation. The examples addressed include: the
resolved conifold; the local surfaces local P^2 and local P^1 x P^1; the local
curves and Hurwitz theory; and the compact quintic. All examples suggest very
rich interplays between resurgent asymptotics and enumerative problems in
algebraic geometry.


  In the last years, scientific and industrial research has experienced a
growing interest in acquiring large annotated data sets to train artificial
intelligence algorithms for tackling problems in different domains. In this
context, we have observed that even the market for football data has
substantially grown. The analysis of football matches relies on the annotation
of both individual players' and team actions, as well as the athletic
performance of players. Consequently, annotating football events at a
fine-grained level is a very expensive and error-prone task. Most existing
semi-automatic tools for football match annotation rely on cameras and computer
vision. However, those tools fall short in capturing team dynamics, and in
extracting data of players who are not visible in the camera frame. To address
these issues, in this manuscript we present FootApp, an AI-based system for
football match annotation. First, our system relies on an advanced and mixed
user interface that exploits both vocal and touch interaction. Second, the
motor performance of players is captured and processed by applying machine
learning algorithms to data collected from inertial sensors worn by players.
Artificial intelligence techniques are then used to check the consistency of
generated labels, including those regarding the physical activity of players,
to automatically recognize annotation errors. Notably, we implemented a full
prototype of the proposed system, performing experiments to show its
effectiveness in a real-world adoption scenario.


  In this paper, we present a provably correct controller synthesis approach
for switched stochastic control systems with metric temporal logic (MTL)
specifications with provable probabilistic guarantees. We first present the
stochastic control bisimulation function for switched stochastic control
systems, which bounds the trajectory divergence between the switched stochastic
control system and its nominal deterministic control system in a probabilistic
fashion. We then develop a method to compute optimal control inputs by solving
an optimization problem for the nominal trajectory of the deterministic control
system with robustness against initial state variations and stochastic
uncertainties. We implement our robust stochastic controller synthesis approach
on both a four-bus power system and a nine-bus power system under generation
loss disturbances, with MTL specifications expressing requirements for the grid
frequency deviations, wind turbine generator rotor speed variations and the
power flow constraints at different power lines.


  Rayleigh scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by neutral
hydrogen shortly after recombination leaves frequency-dependent imprints on
intensity and polarization fluctuations. High signal-to-noise observations of
CMB Rayleigh scattering would provide additional insight into the physics of
recombination, including greater constraining power for parameters like the
primordial helium fraction, the light relic density, and the sum of neutrino
masses. However, such a measurement of CMB Rayleigh scattering is challenging
due to the presence of astrophysical foregrounds, which are more intense at the
high frequencies, where the effects of Rayleigh scattering are most prominent.
Here we forecast the detectability of CMB Rayleigh scattering including
foreground removal using blind internal linear combination methods for a set of
near-future surveys. We show that atmospheric effects for ground-based
observatories and astrophysical foregrounds pose a significant hindrance to
detecting CMB Rayleigh scattering with experiments planned for this decade,
though a high-significance measurement should be possible with a future CMB
satellite.


  A complete set of QCD sum rules for the magnetic moments of decuplet baryons
are derived using the external field method. They are analyzed thoroughly using
a Monte-Carlo based procedure. Valid sum rules are identified under the
criteria of OPE convergence and ground state dominance and their predictions
are obtained. The performances of these sum rules are further compared and a
favorable sum rule is designated for each member. Correlations between the
input and the output parameters are examined and large sensitivities to the
quark condensate magnetic susceptibility $\chi$ are found. Using realistic
estimates of the QCD input parameters, the uncertainties on the magnetic
moments are found relatively large and they can be attributed mostly to the
poorly-known $\chi$. It is shown that the accuracy can be improved to the 30%
level, provided the uncertainties in the QCD input parameters can be determined
to the 10% level. The computed magnetic moments are consistent with existing
data. Comparisons with other calculations are made.


  This paper analyses the contribution of language metrics and, potentially, of
linguistic structures, to classify French learners of English according to
levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFRL). The
purpose is to build a model for the prediction of learner levels as a function
of language complexity features. We used the EFCAMDAT corpus, a database of one
million written assignments by learners. After applying language complexity
metrics on the texts, we built a representation matching the language metrics
of the texts to their assigned CEFRL levels. Lexical and syntactic metrics were
computed with LCA, LSA, and koRpus. Several supervised learning models were
built by using Gradient Boosted Trees and Keras Neural Network methods and by
contrasting pairs of CEFRL levels. Results show that it is possible to
implement pairwise distinctions, especially for levels ranging from A1 to B1
(A1=>A2: 0.916 AUC and A2=>B1: 0.904 AUC). Model explanation reveals
significant linguistic features for the predictiveness in the corpus. Word
tokens and word types appear to play a significant role in determining levels.
This shows that levels are highly dependent on specific semantic profiles.


  We suggest that a magnetic-field-induced Peierls instability accounts for the
recent experiment of Zhang et al. in which unexpected quantum Hall plateaus
were observed at high magnetic fields in graphene on a substrate. This Peierls
instability leads to an out-of-plane lattice distortion resulting in a charge
density wave (CDW) on sublattices A and B of the graphene honeycomb lattice. We
also discuss alternative microscopic scenarios proposed in the literature and
leading to a similar CDW ground state in graphene.


  A new interpretation of the causality implementation in the Lienard-Wiechert
solution raises new doubts against the validity of the Lorentz-Dirac equation
and the limits of validity of the Minkowski structure of spacetime.


  The random walk problem is studied in two and three dimensions in the
presence of a random distribution of static traps. An efficient Monte Carlo
method, based on a mapping onto a polymer model, is used to measure the
survival probability P(c,t) as a function of the trap concentration c and the
time t. Theoretical arguments are presented, based on earlier work of Donsker
and Varadhan and of Rosenstock, why in two dimensions one expects a data
collapse if -ln[P(c,t)]/ln(t) is plotted as a function of (lambda
t)^{1/2}/ln(t) (with lambda=-ln(1-c)), whereas in three dimensions one expects
a data collapse if -t^{-1/3}ln[P(c,t)] is plotted as a function of
t^{2/3}lambda. These arguments are supported by the Monte Carlo results. Both
data collapses show a clear crossover from the early-time Rosenstock behavior
to Donsker-Varadhan behavior at long times.


  We report an experiment in which two distinct superconducting phase YBa2Cu3O7
(Y123) and Y3Ba5Cu8O18 (Y358) coexisted. This enabled us to characterize the
recently introduced Y358 phase in contrast to the Y123 phase, thus to resolve
some discrepancies reported in associated properties of Y358. Specifically, our
experiment indicates the transition temperature TCmid=105K and 94K for Y358 and
Y123, respectively, and that Y358 has three CuO2 planes and two CuO chains,
with Pmm2 symmetry and lattice parameter (a,b,c)=(3.845,3.894,31.093){\AA}, in
agreement with density functional theory predictions for this specific
structure.


  We study the limiting behavior of a singularly perturbed
Schr\"odinger-Poisson system describing a 3-dimensional electron gas strongly
confined in the vicinity of a plane $(x,y)$ and subject to a strong uniform
magnetic field in the plane of the gas. The coupled effects of the confinement
and of the magnetic field induce fast oscillations in time that need to be
averaged out. We obtain at the limit a system of 2-dimensional Schr\"odinger
equations in the plane $(x,y)$, coupled through an effective selfconsistent
electrical potential. In the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, the
electron mass is modified by the field, as the result of an averaging of the
cyclotron motion. The main tools of the analysis are the adaptation of the
second order long-time averaging theory of ODEs to our PDEs context, and the
use of a Sobolev scale adapted to the confinement operator.


  One of the key challenges in quantum information is coherently manipulating
the quantum state. However, it is an outstanding question whether control can
be realized with low error. Only gates from the Clifford group -- containing
$\pi$, $\pi/2$, and Hadamard gates -- have been characterized with high
accuracy. Here, we show how the Platonic solids enable implementing and
characterizing larger gate sets. We find that all gates can be implemented with
low error. The results fundamentally imply arbitrary manipulation of the
quantum state can be realized with high precision, providing new practical
possibilities for designing efficient quantum algorithms.


  Much recent work in bilingual lexicon induction (BLI) views word embeddings
as vectors in Euclidean space. As such, BLI is typically solved by finding a
linear transformation that maps embeddings to a common space. Alternatively,
word embeddings may be understood as nodes in a weighted graph. This framing
allows us to examine a node's graph neighborhood without assuming a linear
transform, and exploits new techniques from the graph matching optimization
literature. These contrasting approaches have not been compared in BLI so far.
In this work, we study the behavior of Euclidean versus graph-based approaches
to BLI under differing data conditions and show that they complement each other
when combined. We release our code at
https://github.com/kellymarchisio/euc-v-graph-bli.


  Regression, unlike classification, has lacked a comprehensive and effective
approach to deal with cost-sensitive problems by the reuse (and not a
re-training) of general regression models. In this paper, a wide variety of
cost-sensitive problems in regression (such as bids, asymmetric losses and
rejection rules) can be solved effectively by a lightweight but powerful
approach, consisting of: (1) the conversion of any traditional one-parameter
crisp regression model into a two-parameter soft regression model, seen as a
normal conditional density estimator, by the use of newly-introduced enrichment
methods; and (2) the reframing of an enriched soft regression model to new
contexts by an instance-dependent optimisation of the expected loss derived
from the conditional normal distribution.


  We show that crystal can trap a broad (x, x', y, y', E) distribution of
particles and channel it preserved with a high precision. This sampled-and-hold
distribution can be steered by a bent crystal for analysis downstream. In
simulations for the 7 TeV Large Hadron Collider, a crystal adapted to the
accelerator lattice traps 90% of diffractively scattered protons emerging from
the interaction point with a divergence 100 times the critical angle. We set
the criterion for crystal adaptation improving efficiency ~100-fold. Proton
angles are preserved in crystal transmission with accuracy down to 0.1
microrad. This makes feasible a crystal application for measuring very forward
protons at the LHC.


  Bi-infinite geodesics are fundamental objects of interest in planar first
passage percolation. A longstanding conjecture states that under mild
conditions there are almost surely no bigeodesics, however the result has not
been proved in any case. For the exactly solvable model of directed last
passage percolation on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ with i.i.d. exponential passage times, we
study the corresponding question and show that almost surely the only
bigeodesics are the trivial ones, i.e., the horizontal and vertical lines. The
proof makes use of estimates for last passage time available from the
integrable probability literature to study coalescence structure of finite
geodesics, thereby making rigorous a heuristic argument due to Newman.


  We consider interacting massive scalar quantum field theory in the future
Rindler wedge. This is a model example of quantum field theory in curved
space--time. On this simple example we show how dynamics of correlation
functions depends on the choice of initial Cauchy surface, basis of modes and
on the choice of initial state build with the use of the corresponding creation
and annihilation operators. We show which choice of modes in the future Rindler
wedge respects Poincare symmetry. But we do not restrict our attention only to
these modes and the corresponding state.


  A spatially homogeneous, time-dependent, electric field can produce charged
particle pairs from the vacuum. When the electric field is constant, the mean
number of pairs which are produced depends on the electric field and the
coupling constant in a non-analytic manner, showing that this result cannot be
obtained from the standard perturbation theory of quantum electrodynamics. When
the electric field varies with time and vanishes asymptotically, the result may
depend on the coupling constant either analytically or non-analytically. We
investigate the nature of this dependence in detail. We show that the
dependence of particle production on coupling constant is non-analytic for a
class of time-dependent electric fields which vanish asymptotically when a
specific condition is satisfied. We also demonstrate that for another class of
electric fields, which vary rapidly, the dependence of particle production on
coupling constant is analytic.


  In this paper we obtain quantitative {\it Bernstein-von Mises type} bounds on
the normal approximation of the posterior distribution in exponential family
models when centering either around the posterior mode or around the maximum
likelihood estimator. Our bounds, obtained through a version of Stein's method,
are non-asymptotic, and data dependent; they are of the correct order both in
the total variation and Wasserstein distances, as well as for approximations
for expectations of smooth functions of the posterior. All our results are
valid for univariate and multivariate posteriors alike, and do not require a
conjugate prior setting. We illustrate our findings on a variety of exponential
family distributions, including Poisson, multinomial and normal distribution
with unknown mean and variance. The resulting bounds have an explicit
dependence on the prior distribution and on sufficient statistics of the data
from the sample, and thus provide insight into how these factors may affect the
quality of the normal approximation.


  Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recognized as a key driving
technology for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G cellular networks. For a
practical dowlink NOMA system with imperfect successive interference
cancellation (SIC), we derive bounds on channel coefficients and power
allocation factors between NOMA users to achieve higher rates than an
equivalent orthogonal multiple access (OMA) system. We propose an adaptive user
pairing (A-UP) algorithm for NOMA systems. Through extensive simulations, we
show that NOMA with imperfect SIC is not always superior to OMA. Further, the
proposed A-UP algorithm results in better performance than state-of-the-art
NOMA pairing algorithms in presence of SIC imperfections.


  Birnbaum's theorem, that the sufficiency and conditionality principles entail
the likelihood principle, has engendered a great deal of controversy and
discussion since the publication of the result in 1962. In particular, many
have raised doubts as to the validity of this result. Typically these doubts
are concerned with the validity of the principles of sufficiency and
conditionality as expressed by Birnbaum. Technically it would seem, however,
that the proof itself is sound. In this paper we use set theory to formalize
the context in which the result is proved and show that in fact Birnbaum's
theorem is incorrectly stated as a key hypothesis is left out of the statement.
When this hypothesis is added, we see that sufficiency is irrelevant, and that
the result is dependent on a well-known flaw in conditionality that renders the
result almost vacuous.


  Motivated by recent work of Deruelle-Schulze-Simon, we study complete weakly
PIC1 Ricci flows with Euclidean volume growth coming out of metric cones. We
show that such a Ricci flow must be an expanding gradient Ricci soliton, and as
a consequence, any metric cone at infinity of a complete weakly PIC1 K\"ahler
manifold with Euclidean volume growth is biholomorphic to complex Euclidean
space in a canonical way.


  We demonstrate that the high-quality cooling data observed for the young
neutron star in the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A over the past 10 years--as
well as all other reliably known temperature data of neutron stars--can be
comfortably explained within the "nuclear medium cooling" scenario. The cooling
rates of this scenario account for medium-modified one-pion exchange in dense
matter and polarization effects in the pair-breaking formations of superfluid
neutrons and protons. Crucial for the successful description of the observed
data is a substantial reduction of the thermal conductivity, resulting from a
suppression of both the electron and nucleon contributions to it by medium
effects. We also find that possibly in as little as about ten years of
continued observation, the data may tell whether or not fast cooling processes
are active in this neutron star.


  Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are typically trained by backpropagation in a
batch learning setting, which requires the entire training data to be made
available prior to the learning task. This is not scalable for many real-world
scenarios where new data arrives sequentially in a stream form. We aim to
address an open challenge of "Online Deep Learning" (ODL) for learning DNNs on
the fly in an online setting. Unlike traditional online learning that often
optimizes some convex objective function with respect to a shallow model (e.g.,
a linear/kernel-based hypothesis), ODL is significantly more challenging since
the optimization of the DNN objective function is non-convex, and regular
backpropagation does not work well in practice, especially for online learning
settings. In this paper, we present a new online deep learning framework that
attempts to tackle the challenges by learning DNN models of adaptive depth from
a sequence of training data in an online learning setting. In particular, we
propose a novel Hedge Backpropagation (HBP) method for online updating the
parameters of DNN effectively, and validate the efficacy of our method on
large-scale data sets, including both stationary and concept drifting
scenarios.


  The recent discovery of the novel four-dimensional static and spherically
symmetric Gauss-Bonnet black hole provides a promising bed to test Gauss-Bonnet
gravity by using astronomical observations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 081301
(2020)]. In this paper, we first obtain the rotating Gauss-Bonnet black hole
solution by using the Newman-Janis algorithm, and then study the shadow cast by
the nonrotating and rotating candidate Gauss-Bonnet black holes. The result
indicates that positive metric parameter $\alpha$ shrinks the shadow, while
negative one enlarges it. Meanwhile, both the distortion and ratio of two
diameters of the shadow are found to increase with the metric parameter for
certain spin. Comparing with the Kerr black hole, the shadow gets more
distorted for $\alpha$, and less distorted for negative one. Furthermore, we
calculate the angular diameter of the shadow by making use of the observation
of M87*. The result indicates that negative metric parameter $\alpha$ in (-4.5,
0) is more favored. Since the negative energy appears for negative $\alpha$,
our results extends the study of Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We believe further study
on the four-dimensional rotating black hole may shed new light on Gauss-Bonnet
gravity.


  We consider the problem of estimating overlapping community memberships in a
network, where each node can belong to multiple communities. More than a few
communities per node are difficult to both estimate and interpret, so we focus
on sparse node membership vectors. Our algorithm is based on sparse principal
subspace estimation with iterative thresholding. The method is computationally
efficient, with a computational cost equivalent to estimating the leading
eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix, and does not require an additional
clustering step, unlike spectral clustering methods. We show that a fixed point
of the algorithm corresponds to correct node memberships under a version of the
stochastic block model. The methods are evaluated empirically on simulated and
real-world networks, showing good statistical performance and computational
efficiency.


  Using different forms of the arithmetic Riemann-Roch theorem and the
computations of Bott-Chern secondary classes, we compute the analytic torsion
and the height of Hirzebruch surfaces.


  Pre-existing density of states for a Quark-Gluon Phase, based on Thomas-Fermi
and Bethe mode, is expanded by incorporation of new variables. Results from
recent study indicate that perturbations in the form of a finite non-zero
chemical potential T, B, dynamic thermal masses M and of course Temperature T
are indeed vital to fully comprehend the formation and dynamics of QGP.
Simulations depict an overall increase in the stability of QGP in the paradigm
of the statistical model. On the top of Free Energy, Entropy and heat capacity
are calculated for the phase transition. The overall qualitative behavior, of
entropy or Heat Capacity determines the order of phase transition of the QGP.
Investigation of order of phase transition is carried out in this study through
Monte-Carlo based differential element, which ensures the inclusion of the
randomness of the collisions at the particle colliders.


  In this paper motivated from subspace coding we introduce subspace-metric
codes and subset-metric codes. These are coordinate-position independent
pseudometrics and suitable for the folded codes. The half-Singleton upper
bounds for linear subspace-metric codes and linear subset-metric codes are
proved. Subspace distances and subset distances of codes are natural lower
bounds for insdel distances of codes, and then can be used to lower bound the
insertion-deletion error-correcting capabilities of codes. Our subspace-metric
codes or subset-metric codes can be used to construct explicit well-structured
insertion-deletion codes directly. $k$-deletion correcting codes with rate
approaching $1$ can be constructed from subspace codes. By analysing the subset
distances of folded codes from evaluation codes of linear mappings, we prove
that they have high subset distances and then are explicit good
insertion-deletion codes.


  The properties of decaying turbulence is studied with the help of a
Generalized Hydrodynamic (GHD) fluid model in the context of two dimensional
visco - elastic medium such as a strongly coupled dusty plasma system. For the
incompressible case considered here however, the observations are valid for a
wider class of visco - elastic systems not necessarily associated with plasmas
only. Our observations show that an initial spectrum that is confined in a
limited domain of wave numbers becomes broad, even when the Reynold's number is
much less than the critical value required for the onset of turbulence in
Newtonian fluids. This is a signature of elastic turbulence where Weissenberg's
number also plays a role in the onset of turbulence. This has been reported in
several experiments. It is also shown that the existence of memory relaxation
time parameter and the transverse shear wave inhibit the normal process (for
2-D systems) of inverse spectral cascade in this case. A detailed simulation
study has been carried out for the understanding of this inhibition.


  Probabilistic relationships between the mass and radius of planets are useful
for a variety of purposes, including estimating the yields of planet discovery
efforts and the radii of discovered planets given their masses. Previous work
on giant planets often do not make the important distinction between cool and
(inflated) hot giants. This can lead to needlessly large uncertainties and
overestimated radii for the cooler objects. Using hierarchical bayesian
modeling and the AIC model selection criterion, we identify an empirical
mass-radius relationship for cool giant planets above 15 Earth masses. It takes
the form of a quadratic function in log mass, with a power-law dispersion.
Parametric uncertainties from MCMC are provided, and we compare our results
with the outputs of interior structure models and the radii of the solar system
giant planets, which fit comfortably within our relation.


  For a dielectric solid surrounded by an electrolyte and positioned inside an
externally biased parallel-plate capacitor, we study numerically how the
resulting induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) flow depends on the topology
and shape of the dielectric solid. In particular, we extend existing
conventional electrokinetic models with an artificial design field to describe
the transition from the liquid electrolyte to the solid dielectric. Using this
design field, we have succeeded in applying the method of topology optimization
to find system geometries with non-trivial topologies that maximize the net
induced electro-osmotic flow rate through the electrolytic capacitor in the
direction parallel to the capacitor plates. Once found, the performance of the
topology optimized geometries has been validated by transferring them to
conventional electrokinetic models not relying on the artificial design field.
Our results show the importance of the topology and shape of the dielectric
solid in ICEO systems and point to new designs of ICEO micropumps with
significantly improved performance.


  Photocarrier transport and extraction in GaAsSb/GaAsN type-II quantum well
superlattices are investigated by means of inelastic quantum transport
calculations based on the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism.
Evaluation of the local density of states and of the spectral current flow
enables the identification of different regimes for carrier localization,
transport, and extraction as a function of configurational parameters. These
include the number of periods, the thicknesses of the individual layers in one
period, the built-in electric field, and the temperature of operation. The
results for the carrier extraction efficiency are related to experimental data
for different symmetric GaAsSb/GaAsN type-II quantum well superlattice solar
cell devices and provide a qualitative explanation for the experimentally
observed dependence of photovoltaic device performance on period thickness.


  Using finite discrete group characters and symmetry breaking by hyperflux as
well as constraints on top- quark family, we study minimal low energy effective
theory following from SU$_{5}\times D_{4}$ models embedded in F-theory with non
abelian flux. Matter curves spectrum of the models is obtained from
SU$_{5}\times S_{5}$ theory with monodromy $S_{5}$ by performing two breakings;
first from symmetric group $S_{5}$ to $S_{4}$ subsymmetry; and next to dihedral
$D_{4}$ subgroup. As a consequence, and depending on the ways of decomposing
triplets of $S_{4}$, we end with three types of $D_{4}$- models. Explicit
constructions of these theories are given and a MSSM- like spectrum is derived.


  By generalizing different recent works to the context of higher curvature
gravity, we provide a unifying framework for three related results: (i) If an
asymptotically AdS spacetime computes the entanglement entropies of ball-shaped
regions in a CFT using a generalized Ryu-Takayanagi formula up to second order
in state deformations around the vacuum, then the spacetime satisfies the
correct gravitational equations of motion up to second order around AdS; (ii)
The holographic dual of entanglement entropy in higher curvature theories of
gravity is given by Wald entropy plus a particular correction term involving
extrinsic curvatures; (iii) CFT relative entropy is dual to gravitational
canonical energy (also in higher curvature theories of gravity). Especially for
the second point, our novel derivation of this previously known statement does
not involve the Euclidean replica trick.


  We investigated experimentally the ray-wave correspondence in organic
microlasers of various triangular shapes. Triangular billiards are of interest
since they are the simplest cases of polygonal billiards and the existence and
properties of periodic orbits in triangles are not yet fully understood. The
microlasers with symmetric shapes that were investigated exhibited states
localized on simple periodic orbits, and their lasing characteristics like
spectra and far-field distributions could be well explained by the properties
of the periodic orbits. Furthermore, asymmetric triangles that do not feature
simple periodic orbits were studied. Their lasing properties were found to be
more complicated and could not be explained by periodic orbits.


  Oscillations in the baryon-photon fluid prior to recombination imprint
different signatures on the power spectrum and correlation function of matter
fluctuations. The measurement of these features using galaxy surveys has been
proposed as means to determine the equation of state of the dark energy. The
accuracy required to achieve competitive constraints demands an extremely good
understanding of systematic effects which change the baryonic acoustic
oscillation (BAO) imprint. We use 50 very large volume N-body simulations to
investigate the BAO signature in the two-point correlation function. The
location of the BAO bump does not correspond to the sound horizon scale at the
level of accuracy required by future measurements, even before any dynamical or
statistical effects are considered. Careful modelling of the correlation
function is therefore required to extract the cosmological information encoded
on large scales. We find that the correlation function is less affected by
scale dependent effects than the power spectrum. We show that a model for the
correlation function proposed by Crocce & Scoccimarro (2008), based on
renormalised perturbation theory, gives an essentially unbiased measurement of
the dark energy equation of state. This means that information from the large
scale shape of the correlation function, in addition to the form of the BAO
peak, can be used to provide robust constraints on cosmological parameters. The
correlation function therefore provides a better constraint on the distance
scale (~50% smaller errors with no systematic bias) than the more conservative
approach required when using the power spectrum (i.e. which requires amplitude
and long wavelength shape information to be discarded).


  The NASA/Dawn mission has acquired an unprecedented amount of data from the
surface of the dwarf planet Ceres, providing a thorough characterization of its
surface composition. The current favorite compositional model includes a
mixture of ultra-carbonaceous material, phyllosilicates, carbonates, organic,
Fe-oxides, and volatiles, as determined by the Dawn/VIR-IR imaging
spectrometer, with the constraints on the elemental composition provided by the
Dawn/GRAND instrument. The recent calibration of the VIS channel of the VIR
spectrometer provided further constraints on the overall compositional model,
suggesting another type of silicate not previously considered. This work
reviews the VIR-VIS calibration process, and the resulting compositional model
of Ceres surface considering both VIS and IR channels. Laboratory experiments
are needed for a better understanding of the global (VIS-IR) shape of Ceres
average surface, and in particular for the interpretation of the emergent
absorption at 1{\mu}m. Current and future experiments are also discussed in
this work.


  Solar oscillations consist of a rich spectrum of internal acoustic waves and
surface gravity waves, stochastically excited by turbulent convection. They
have been monitored almost continuously over the last ten years with
high-precision Doppler images of the solar surface. The purpose of
helioseismology is to retrieve information about the structure and the dynamics
of the solar interior from the frequencies, phases, and amplitudes of solar
waves. Methods of analysis are being developed to make three-dimensional images
of subsurface motions and temperature inhomogeneities in order to study
convective structures and regions of magnetic activity, like sunspots.


  Hanabi is a cooperative card game with hidden information that has won
important awards in the industry and received some recent academic attention. A
two-track competition of agents for the game will take place in the 2018 CIG
conference. In this paper, we develop a genetic algorithm that builds
rule-based agents by determining the best sequence of rules from a fixed rule
set to use as strategy. In three separate experiments, we remove human
assumptions regarding the ordering of rules, add new, more expressive rules to
the rule set and independently evolve agents specialized at specific game
sizes. As result, we achieve scores superior to previously published research
for the mirror and mixed evaluation of agents.


  We first describe the local and global moduli spaces of germs of foliations
defined by analytic functions in two variables with p transverse smooth
branches, and with integral multiplicities (in the univalued holomorphic case)
or complex multiplicities (in the multivalued ''Darboux'' case). We specify
normal forms in each class. Then we study on these moduli space the
distribution C induced by the following equivalence relation: two points are
equivalent if and only if the corresponding foliations have the same analytic
invariant curves up to analytical conjugacy. Therefore, the space of leaves of
C is the moduli space of curves. We prove that C is rationally integrable.
These rational integrals give a complete system of invariants for these generic
plane curves, which extend the well-known cross-ratios between branches.


  We report recent progress on understanding the thermalization of the
quark-gluon plasma during the early stage in a heavy ion collision. The
initially high overpopulation in the pre-equilibrium gluonic matter
(``glasma'') is shown to play a crucial role. The strongly interacting nature
(and thus fast evolution) naturally arises as an {\em emergent property} of
this pre-equilibrium matter where the intrinsic coupling is weak but the highly
occupied gluon states coherently amplify the scattering. A possible transient
Bose-Einstein Condensate is argued to form dynamically on a rather general
ground. We develop the kinetic approach for describing this highly
overpopulated system and find approximate scaling solutions as well as
numerically study the onset of condensation. Finally we discuss possible
phenomenological implications.


  We introduce the notion of a continuous biframe in a Hilbert space which is a
generalization of discrete biframe in Hilbert space. Representation theorem for
this type of generalized frame is verified and some characterizations of this
biframe with the help of a invertible operator is given. Here we also introduce
the concept of continuous biframe for the tensor products of Hilbert spaces and
give an example. Further, we study dual continuous biframe and continuous
biframe Bessel multiplier in Hilbert spaces and their tensor products.


  TBPLaS is an open-source software package for the accurate simulation of
physical systems with arbitrary geometry and dimensionality utilizing the
tight-binding (TB) theory. It has an intuitive object-oriented Python
application interface (API) and Cython/Fortran extensions for the performance
critical parts, ensuring both flexibility and efficiency. Under the hood,
numerical calculations are mainly performed by both exact diagonalizatin and
the tight-binding propagation method (TBPM) without diagonalization.
Especially, the TBPM is based on the numerical solution of time-dependent
Schr\"odinger equation, achieving linear scaling with system size in both
memory and CPU costs. Consequently, TBPLaS provides a numerically cheap
approach to calculate the electronic, transport and optical properties of large
tight-binding models with billions of atomic orbitals. Current capabilities of
TBPLaS include the calculation of band structure, density of states, local
density of states, quasi-eigenstates, optical conductivity, electrical
conductivity, Hall conductivity, polarization function, dielectric function,
plasmon dispersion, carrier mobility and velocity, localization length and free
path, Z2 topological invariant, wave-packet propagation, etc. All the
properties can be obtained with only a few lines of code. Other algorithms
involving tight-binding Hamiltonians can be implemented easily thanks to its
extensible and modular nature. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical
framework, implementation details and common workflow of TBPLaS, and give a few
demonstrations of its applications.


  This study is a detailed analysis of Speculation Game, a minimal agent-based
model of financial markets, in which the round-trip trading and the dynamic
wealth evolution with variable trading volumes are implemented. Instead of
herding behavior, we find that the emergence of volatility clustering can be
induced by the heterogeneous wealth distribution among traders. In particular,
the spontaneous redistribution of market wealth through repetitions of
round-trip trades can widen the wealth disparity and establish the Pareto
distribution of the capital size. In the meantime, large fluctuations in price
return are brought on by the intermittent placements of the relatively big
orders from rich traders. Empirical data are used to support the scenario
derived from the model.


  We consider the general model of zero-sum repeated games (or stochastic games
with signals), and assume that one of the players is fully informed and
controls the transitions of the state variable. We prove the existence of the
uniform value, generalizing several results of the literature. A preliminary
existence result is obtained for a certain class of stochastic games played
with pure strategies.


  Monte Carlo simulations have been used to study magnetic ordering in coupled
anisotropic ferro/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) films of classical Heisenberg
spins. We consider films with flat interfaces that are fully uncompensated as
well as rough interfaces that are compensated on average. For both types of
interfaces above the ``N\'eel temperature'' we observed order in the AFM with
the AFM spins aligning collinearly with the FM moments. In the case of rough
interfaces there is a transition from collinear to perpendicular alignment of
the FM and AFM spins at a lower temperature.


  We present a Turing complete, volume preserving, smooth flow on the
$4$-sphere.


  The available data on the $Q^2$ dependence of the $\gamma\gamma*(Q^2)\to
K\bar K\pi$ reaction cross section in the energy region 1.35-1.55 GeV is
explained by the $\eta(1475)$ resonance production in contrast to their
conventional interpretation with the use of the $f_1(1420)$ resonance. It
resolves theoretically the contradiction between the suppression of the
$\eta(1475)\to\gamma\gamma$ decay width and the strong couplings of the
$\eta(1475)$ to the $\rho\rho$, $\omega\omega$, and $\gamma\rho^0$ channels.
The experimental check of our explanation requires definition of the
spin-parity of the resonance contributions, $R$, in $\gamma\gamma*(Q^2)\to R\to
K\bar K\pi$ and in $J/\psi\to\gammaR\to\gamma\gamma(\rho^0, \phi)$. This will
help to solve difficulties accumulated in understanding properties of the
$\eta(1475)$ state and its nearest partners.


  In type II hard superconductors the irreversible magnetization shows an
impressive variety of different magnetic field dependencies. In this paper we
will try to describe the M(H) relation at fixed temperature To by a numerical
model in which we incorporate two features: the magnetic and electric field
dependency of the local critical current density j(To,H,E). The electric field
is determined by the magnetic field sweep rate; in effect E ~ dB/dt. We
confront the model with experimental pulsed field magnetization measurements
(PFMM) on a fast melt processed YBa2Cu3O7 sample.


  We show - in the framework of physical scales and $(K_1,K_2)$-averages - that
Kolmogorov's dissipation law combined with the smallness condition on a Taylor
length scale are sufficient to guarantee energy cascades in the forced
Navier-Stokes equations. Moreover, in the periodic case we establish
restrictive scaling laws - in terms of Grashof number - for kinetic energy,
energy flux, and energy dissipation rate. These are used to improve our
sufficient condition for forced cascades in physical scales.


  The rich club organization (the presence of highly connected hub core in a
network) influences many structural and functional characteristics of networks
including topology, the efficiency of paths and distribution of load. Despite
its major role, the literature contains only a very limited set of models
capable of generating networks with realistic rich club structure. One possible
reason is that the rich club organization is a divisive property among complex
networks which exhibit great diversity, in contrast to other metrics (e.g.
diameter, clustering or degree distribution) which seem to behave very
similarly across many networks. Here we propose a simple yet powerful
geometry-based growing model which can generate realistic complex networks with
high rich club diversity by controlling a single geometric parameter. The
growing model is validated against the Internet, protein-protein interaction,
airport and power grid networks.


  Motivated by the classical picture of heat flow we construct a stationary
temperature gradient in a relativistic microscopic transport model. Employing
the relativistic Navier-Stokes ansatz we extract the heat conductivity {\kappa}
for a massless Boltzmann gas using only binary collisions with isotropic cross
sections. We compare the numerical results to analytical expressions from
different theories and discuss the final results. The directly extracted value
for the heat conductivity can be referred to as a literature reference within
the numerical uncertainties.


  We consider the hadroproduction of a massive charged lepton plus the
corresponding neutrino through the Drell-Yan mechanism. We present a new
computation of the mixed QCD-EW corrections to this process. The cancellation
of soft and collinear singularities is achieved by using a formulation of the
$q_T$ subtraction formalism derived from the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD
calculation for heavy-quark production. For the first time, all the real and
virtual contributions due to initial- and final-state radiation are
consistently included without any approximation, except for the finite part of
the two-loop virtual correction, which is computed in the pole approximation
and suitably improved through a reweighting procedure. We demonstrate that our
calculation is reliable in both on-shell and off-shell regions, thereby
providing the first prediction of the mixed QCD-EW corrections in the entire
region of the lepton transverse momentum. The computed corrections are in
qualitative agreement with what we obtain in a factorised approach of QCD and
EW corrections. At large values of the lepton $p_T$, the mixed QCD-EW
corrections are negative and increase in size, to about $-20\%$ with respect to
the next-to-leading order QCD result at $p_T=500\,$GeV.


  We present the results of QCD analysis of out-of-event-plane momentum
distribution in 3-jet e+e- annihilation events. We consider the all-order
resummed perturbative prediction and the leading power suppressed
non-perturbative corrections to the mean value <K_out> and the distribution and
explain their non-trivial colour structure. The technique we develop aims at
improving the accuracy of the theoretical description of multi-jet ensembles,
in particular in hadron-hadron collisions.


  We study the topological Weyl type-II semimetal WTe$_2$ via Scanning
Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Density Functional Theory calculations (DFT). We
succesfully determine the band structure at zero field close to the Fermi level
by comparing quasiparticle interference (QPI) experiments with DFT. Under
magnetic fields, we observe Landau level quantization on atomic scale
measurements and find a level sequence evidencing a linearly dispersing portion
of the band structure. Our results establish the long sought connection between
Weyl cones and Landau quantization in WTe$_2$. Atomic scale Landau quantization
emerges as a powerful probe of topological surface states for semimetals,
superconductors and topological insulators.


  There exists an inevitable scatter in intrinsic luminosity of Gamma Ray
Bursts(GRBs). If there is relativistic beaming in the source, viewing angle
variation necessarily introduces variation in the intrinsic luminosity
function(ILF). Scatter in the ILF can cause a selection bias where distant
sources that are detected have a larger median luminosity than those detected
close by.
  Median luminosity, as we know, divides any given population into equal
halves. When the functional form of a distribution is unknown, it can be a more
robust diagnostic than any that use trial functional forms. In this work we
employ a statistical test based on median luminosity and apply it to test a
class of models for GRBs. We assume that the GRB jet has a finite opening angle
and that the orientation of the GRB jet is random relative to the observer. We
parameterize the jet with constant Lorentz factor $\Gamma$ and opening angle
$\theta_0$.
  We calculate $L_{median}$ as a function of redshift with an average of 17
grbs in each redshift bin($dz=0.01$) empirically, theoretically and use Fermi
GBM data, noting that SWIFT data is problematic as it is biased, specially at
high redshifts. We find that $L_{median}$ is close to $L_{max}$ for
sufficiently extended GRB jet and does not fit the data. We find an acceptable
fit with the data when $\Gamma$ is between $100$ and $200$, $\theta_0\leq 0.1$,
provided that the jet material along the line of sight to the on axis observer
is optically thick, such that the shielded maximum luminosity is well below the
bare $L_{max}$. If we associate an on-axis observer with a classically
projected monotonically decreasing afterglow, we find that their ILF is similar
to those of off-jet observer which we associate with flat phase afterglows.


  We review the SM extensions with scalar multiplets including doubly-charged
components eventually observable as di-leptonic resonances at the LHC. Special
emphasis is payed to the limits on LNV implied by doubly-charged scalar
searches at the LHC, and to the characterization of the multiplet
doubly-charged scalars belong to if they are observed to decay into same-sign
charged lepton pairs.


  A knight's tour is often represented as a broken line connecting the centers
of successively visited squares. We say that two knight moves form a cross if
the midpoints of their respective segments coincide. We show that no knight
tour exists on a rectangular board in which every move is part of a cross. We
also establish the general structure of pseudotours with this property.


  Balance assessment during physical rehabilitation often relies on
rubric-oriented battery tests to score a patient's physical capabilities,
leading to subjectivity. While some objective balance assessments exist, they
are often limited to tracking the center of pressure (COP), which does not
fully capture the whole-body postural stability. This study explores the use of
the center of mass (COM) state space and presents a promising avenue for
monitoring the balance capabilities in humans. We employ a musculoskeletal
model integrated with a balance controller, trained through reinforcement
learning (RL), to investigate balancing capabilities. The RL framework consists
of two interconnected neural networks governing balance recovery and muscle
coordination respectively, trained using Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)
with reference state initialization, early termination, and multiple training
strategies. By exploring recovery from random initial COM states (position and
velocity) space for a trained controller, we obtain the final BR enclosing
successful balance recovery trajectories. Comparing the BRs with analytical
postural stability limits from a linear inverted pendulum model, we observe a
similar trend in successful COM states but more limited ranges in the
recoverable areas. We further investigate the effect of muscle weakness and
neural excitation delay on the BRs, revealing reduced balancing capability in
different regions. Overall, our approach of learning muscular balance
controllers presents a promising new method for establishing balance recovery
limits and objectively assessing balance capability in bipedal systems,
particularly in humans.


  In this paper we study synchrotron and synchrotron self Compton (SSC)
emission from internal shocks (IS) during the prompt and X-ray flare phases of
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The aim is to test the IS model for the flare emission
and for whether GRBs can be GeV sources. We determine the parameters for which
the IS model can account for the observed prompt and X-ray flares emission, and
study the detectability of the high energy SSC emission by the AGILE and GLAST
satellites. We find that the detectability of the SSC emission during the
prompt phase of GRBs improves for higher values of the fireball Lorentz factor
and of the temporal variability. If IS is the mechanism responsible of the
flare emission, and the Lorentz factor of the shells producing the flare is of
the order of 100, the flare light curves are expected to present some
substructures with temporal variability of 10-100 ms which are much smaller
than the average duration of flares, and similar to those observed during the
prompt phase of GRBs. If one assumes lower Lorentz factors, such as 10-25, then
a larger temporal variaibility of 40 s can also account for the observed flare
properties. However in this case we predict that X-ray flares do not have a
counterpart at very high energies (MeV-GeV). An investigation on the
substructures of the X-ray flares light curves, and simultaneous X-ray and high
energy observations, will allow us to corroborate the hypothesis that late IS
are responsible of the X-ray flares.


  We study from the proof complexity perspective the (informal) proof search
problem:
  Is there an optimal way to search for propositional proofs?
  We note that for any fixed proof system there exists a time-optimal proof
search algorithm. Using classical proof complexity results about reflection
principles we prove that a time-optimal proof search algorithm exists without
restricting proof systems iff a p-optimal proof system exists.
  To characterize precisely the time proof search algorithms need for
individual formulas we introduce a new proof complexity measure based on
algorithmic information concepts. In particular, to a proof system $P$ we
attach {\bf information-efficiency function} $i_P(\tau)$ assigning to a
tautology a natural number, and we show that:
  - $i_P(\tau)$ characterizes time any $P$-proof search algorithm has to use on
$\tau$ and that for a fixed $P$ there is such an information-optimal algorithm,
  - a proof system is information-efficiency optimal iff it is p-optimal,
  - for non-automatizable systems $P$ there are formulas $\tau$ with short
proofs but having large information measure $i_P(\tau)$.
  We isolate and motivate the problem to establish unconditional
super-logarithmic lower bounds for $i_P(\tau)$ where no super-polynomial size
lower bounds are known. We also point out connections of the new measure with
some topics in proof complexity other than proof search.


  This paper proposes weight regularization for a faster neural vocoder.
Pruning time-consuming DNN modules is a promising way to realize a real-time
vocoder on a CPU (e.g. WaveRNN, LPCNet). Regularization that encourages
sparsity is also effective in avoiding the quality degradation created by
pruning. However, the orders of weight matrices must be contiguous in SIMD size
for fast vocoding. To ensure this order, we propose explicit SIMD size aware
regularization. Our proposed method reshapes a weight matrix into a tensor so
that the weights are aligned by group size in advance, and then computes the
group Lasso-like regularization loss. Experiments on 70% sparse subband WaveRNN
show that pruning in conventional Lasso and column-wise group Lasso degrades
the synthetic speech's naturalness. The vocoder with proposed regularization 1)
achieves comparable naturalness to that without pruning and 2) performs
meaningfully faster than other conventional vocoders using regularization.


  In this paper we study vakonomic dynamics on contact systems with nonlinear
constraints. In order to obtain the dynamics, we consider a space of admisible
paths, which are the ones tangent to a given submanifold. Then, we find the
critical points of the Herglotz action on this space of paths. This dynamics
can be also obtained through an extended Lagrangian, including Lagrange
multiplier terms.
  This theory has important applications in optimal control theory for Herglotz
control problems, in which the cost function is given implicitly, through an
ODE, instead of by a definite integral. Indeed, these control problems can be
considered as particular cases of vakonomic contact systems, and we can use the
Lagrangian theory of contact systems in order to understand their symmetries
and dynamics.


  We predict the amplitude of the gravitational redshift of galaxies in galaxy
clusters using an N-body simulation of a Lambda CDM universe. We examine if it
might be possible to detect the gravitational effect on the total redshift
observed for galaxies. For clusters of mass M ~10^15 m_sun, the difference in
gravitational redshift between the brightest galaxy and the rest of the cluster
members is ~10 km/s. The most efficient way to detect gravitational redshifts
using information from galaxies only involves using the full gravitational
redshift profile of clusters. Massive clusters, while having the largest
gravitational redshift suffer from large galaxy peculiar velocities and
substructure, which act as a source of noise. This and their low number density
make it more reasonable to try averaging over many clusters and groups of
relatively low mass. We examine publicly available data for 107 rich clusters
from the ESO Nearby Abell Clusters Survey (ENACS), finding no evidence for
gravitational redshifts. Tests on our simulated clusters show that we need at
least ~2500 clusters/groups with M > 5*10^13 m_sun for a detection of
gravitational redshifts at the 2 sigma level.


  We study the low-temperature low-frequency conductivity sigma of an
interacting one dimensional electron system in the presence of a periodic
potential. The conductivity is strongly influenced by conservation laws, which,
we argue, need be violated by at least two non-commuting Umklapp processes to
render sigma finite. The resulting dynamics of the slow modes is studied within
a memory matrix approach, and we find exponential increase as the temperature
is lowered, sigma = (Delta n)^2 e^{T_0/(N T)} close to commensurate filling
M/N, Delta n=n-M/N << 1, and sigma = e^{(T'_0/T)^{2/3}} elsewhere.


  Quark matter is being expected to be found in heavy ion collisions on the
basis of calculations in the framework of traditional, extensive
thermodynamics. Recently a non-extensive generalization of the thermodynamics
is emerging in the theoretical research. We review here some basic concepts in
statistics, kinetic theory and thermodynamics, in particular those encountered
in non-extensive thermodynamics. This offers an introduction into the
theoretical basis of considering non-extensive parton kinetics for describing
the hadronization of quark matter.


  Let $n=p_1^{n_1}p_2^{n_2}\ldots p_r^{n_r}$, where $r,n_1,\ldots, n_r$ are
positive integers and $p_1,p_2,\ldots,p_r$ are distinct prime numbers with
$p_1<p_2<\cdots <p_r$. For the cyclic group $C_n$ of order $n$, let
$\mathcal{P}(C_n)$ be the power graph of $C_n$ and $\kappa(\mathcal{P}(C_n))$
be the vertex connectivity of $\mathcal{P}(C_n)$. It is known that
$\kappa(\mathcal{P}(C_n))=p_1^{n_1} -1$ if $r=1$. For $r\geq 2$, we determine
the exact value of $\kappa(\mathcal{P}(C_n))$ when $2\phi(p_1\ldots
p_{r-1})\geq p_1\ldots p_{r-1}$, and give an upper bound for
$\kappa(\mathcal{P}(C_n))$ when $2\phi(p_1\ldots p_{r-1}) < p_1\ldots p_{r-1}$,
which is sharp for many values of $n$ but equality need not hold always.


  We report the synthesis and magneto-transport measurements on the single
crystal of Dirac semimetal PdTe$_2$. The de Haas-van Alphen oscillations with
multiple frequencies have been clearly observed, from which the small effective
masses and nontrivial Berry phase are extracted, implying the possible
existence of the Dirac fermions in PdTe$_2$. The planar Hall effect and
anisotropic longitudinal resistivity originating from the chiral anomaly and
nontrivial Berry phase are observed, providing strong evidence for the
nontrivial properties in PdTe$_2$. With the increase of temperature up to 150
K, planar Hall effect still remains. The possible origin of mismatch between
experimental results and theoretical predictions is also discussed.


  Kaletha extended local Langlands conjectures to a certain class of
disconnected groups and proved them for disconnected tori. Our first main
result is a reinterpretation of the local Langlands correspondence for
disconnected tori. Our second, and the central objective of this paper, is to
establish an automorphic multiplicity formula for disconnected tori.


  The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) should start its activity of data taking by
the end of summer 2009, and will provide beams of p-p and Pb-Pb at colliding
energies up to 14 TeV and 5.5 ATeV respectively. The Pb-Pb heavy-ion program
aims at reaching the necessary conditions to create a deconfined state of
partons, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), whose study is one of the most exciting
physics topics to be explored thanks to the possibilites offered by this
new-generation accelerator. In particular, the "soft" observables related to
low and intermediate pT processes, will shed light on many fundamental
properties of the system, such as thermodynamic parameters, chemical
composition, expansion velocity etc. The p-p collisions will be of great
interest as well, since they will serve as an essential reference for heavy
ions.
  ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC experiment dedicated to
the study of the QGP. Its large acceptance and low magnetic field make it
particularly suited for the study of soft phenomena. After having given an
overview of this detector, I will present the main motivations and prospects
for soft physics in both p-p and Pb-Pb collisions.


  Error correction of sequenced reads remains a difficult task, especially in
single-cell sequencing projects with extremely non-uniform coverage. While
existing error correction tools designed for standard (multi-cell) sequencing
data usually come up short in single-cell sequencing projects, algorithms
actually used for single-cell error correction have been so far very
simplistic.
  We introduce several novel algorithms based on Hamming graphs and Bayesian
subclustering in our new error correction tool BayesHammer. While BayesHammer
was designed for single-cell sequencing, we demonstrate that it also improves
on existing error correction tools for multi-cell sequencing data while working
much faster on real-life datasets. We benchmark BayesHammer on both $k$-mer
counts and actual assembly results with the SPAdes genome assembler.


  It has been shown that rotational lines observed in the Horsehead nebula PDR
are probably not caused by l-C3H+, as was originally suggested. In the search
for viable alternative candidate carriers, quartic force fields are employed
here to provide highly accurate rotational constants, as well as fundamental
vibrational frequencies, for another candidate carrier: 1 ^1A' C3H-. The ab
initio computed spectroscopic constants provided in this work are, compared to
those necessary to define the observed lines, as accurate as the computed
spectroscopic constants for many of the known interstellar anions.
Additionally, the computed Deff for C3H- is three times closer to the D deduced
from the observed Horsehead nebula lines relative to l-C3H+. As a result, 1
^1A' C3H- is a more viable candidate for these observed rotational transitions.
It has been previously proposed that at least C6H- may be present in the
Horsehead nebular PDR formed by way of radiative attachment through its
dipole-bound excited state. C3H- could form in a similar way through its
dipole-bound state, but its valence excited state increases the number of
relaxation pathways possible to reach the ground electronic state. In turn, the
rate of formation for C3H- could be greater than the rate of its destruction.
C3H- would be the seventh confirmed interstellar anion detected within the past
decade and the first CnH- molecular anion with an odd n.


  We consider, for a diffusion process in R^n, the Gallavotti-Cohen functional,
defined as the empirical power dissipated in a time interval by the
non-conservative part of the drift. We prove a large deviation principle in the
limit in which the noise vanishes and the time interval diverges. The
corresponding rate functional, which satisfies the fluctuation theorem, is
expressed in terms of a variational problem on the classical Freidlin-Wentzell
functional.


  We present a measurement of the top-quark mass, $M_{\mathrm{top}}$, in the
all-hadronic decay channel $t\bar{t} \to W^+b W^- \bar{b} \to q_1\bar{q}_2 b
q_3 \bar{q}_4 \bar{b}$. The analysis is performed using 310 pb$^{-1}$ of
$\sqrt{s}$=1.96 TeV $p\bar{p}$ collisions collected with the CDF II detector
using a multi-jet trigger. The mass measurement is based on an event-by-event
likelihood which depends on both the sample purity and the value of the
top-quark mass, using 90 possible jet-to-parton assignments in the six-jet
final state. The joint likelihood of 290 selected events yields a value of
$M_{\mathrm{top}}$=177.1 $\pm$ 4.9 (stat.) $\pm$ 4.7 (syst.) GeV/$c^2$.


  In this paper, we study the strength of Chvatal-Gomory (CG) cuts and more
generally aggregation cuts for packing and covering integer programs (IPs).
Aggregation cuts are obtained as follows: Given an IP formulation, we first
generate a single implied inequality using aggregation of the original
constraints, then obtain the integer hull of the set defined by this single
inequality with variable bounds, and finally use the inequalities describing
the integer hull as cutting-planes. Our first main result is to show that for
packing and covering IPs, the CG and aggregation closures can be 2-approximated
by simply generating the respective closures for each of the original
formulation constraints, without using any aggregations. On the other hand, we
use computational experiments to show that aggregation cuts can be arbitrarily
stronger than cuts from individual constraints for general IPs. The proof of
the above stated results for the case of covering IPs with bounds require the
development of some new structural results, which may be of independent
interest. Finally, we examine the strength of cuts based on k different
aggregation inequalities simultaneously, the so-called multi-row cuts, and show
that every packing or covering IP with a large integrality gap also has a large
k-aggregation closure rank. In particular, this rank is always at least of the
order of the logarithm of the integrality gap.


  Nanoscale strain control of exciton funneling is an increasingly critical
tool for the scalable production of single photon emitters (SPEs) in
two-dimensional materials. However, conventional far-field optical microscopies
remain constrained in spatial resolution by the diffraction limit and thus can
only provide a limited description of nanoscale strain localization of SPEs.
Here, we quantify the effects of nanoscale heterogeneous strain on the energy
and brightness of GaSe SPEs on nanopillars with correlative
cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence, and atomic force microscopies supported
by density functional theory simulations. We report the strain-localized SPEs
have a broad range of emission wavelengths from 620 nm to 900 nm. We reveal
substantial strain-controlled SPE wavelength tunability over a ~ 100 nm
spectral range and two-orders of magnitude enhancement in the SPE brightness at
the pillar center due to Type-I exciton funneling. In addition, we show that
radiative biexciton cascade processes contribute to the observed CL photon
superbunching. Also, the measured GaSe SPE photophysics after electron beam
exposure shows the excellent stability of these SPEs. We anticipate this
insight into nanoscale strain control of two-dimensional SPEs will guide the
development of truly deterministic quantum photonics.


  Image retrieval is a fundamental task in computer vision. Despite recent
advances in this field, many techniques have been evaluated on a limited number
of domains, with a small number of instance categories. Notably, most existing
works only consider domains like 3D landmarks, making it difficult to
generalize the conclusions made by these works to other domains, e.g., logo and
other 2D flat objects. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new dataset for
benchmarking visual search methods on flat images with diverse patterns. Our
flat object retrieval benchmark (FORB) supplements the commonly adopted 3D
object domain, and more importantly, it serves as a testbed for assessing the
image embedding quality on out-of-distribution domains. In this benchmark we
investigate the retrieval accuracy of representative methods in terms of
candidate ranks, as well as matching score margin, a viewpoint which is largely
ignored by many works. Our experiments not only highlight the challenges and
rich heterogeneity of FORB, but also reveal the hidden properties of different
retrieval strategies. The proposed benchmark is a growing project and we expect
to expand in both quantity and variety of objects. The dataset and supporting
codes are available at https://github.com/pxiangwu/FORB/.


  We formulate an algebraic criterion for the presence of global anomalies on
globally hyperbolic space-times in the framework of locally covariant field
theory. We discuss some consequences and check that it reproduces the
well-known global $SU(2)$ anomaly in four space-time dimensions.


  We present a prescription for computing the gluon fusion production rate of a
composite Higgs boson, which arises as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson, using
effective lagrangians. The calculation incorporates three different effects due
to the composite nature of the Higgs, some of which were neglected previously.
We apply the prescription to models with and without the collective breaking
mechanism. In sharp contrast with the case of a fundamental Higgs scalar, the
rate only depends on the decay constant "f" and is not sensitive to masses of
new particles. After including electroweak constraints, there is a substantial
reduction in the rate, in the range of 10 -- 30 % or greater.


  The magnetic and structural properties of highly ordered (S ~ 0.82) epitaxial
Fe50-xMnxPt50 thin films were investigated. We report the change in the
magnetic properties of Mn doped FePt epitaxial thin films. This study differs
from the earlier experimental studies on Mn doped FePt based alloys. Ordered
L10 Fe50-xMnxPt50 (x=0, 6, 9, 12 and 15) thin films with a constant thickness
of 45 nm were prepared by co-sputtering Fe50Pt50 and Mn50Pt50 on to MgO (100)
single crystal substrate. We find a significant increase in the coercivity for
Fe-Mn-Pt thin films. We have shown that this increase in magnetic properties
coincide with the tetragonal distortion, while the recent first principles
study of Mn doped FePt showed the sub lattice ordering of ferromagnetically
aligned Mn atoms would lead to increase in magnetic properties in the FeMnPt
ternary alloy system with fixed Pt concentration. At x=12 the coercivity has
increased by 46.4 % when compared to Fe50Pt50. The increase in magnetic
properties in Fe50-xMnxPt50 is due to the tetragonal distortion as experimental
c/a ratio is larger than the expected c/a ratio for ferromagnetically ordered
Mn atoms in the sublattice at the concentration x=12. Thus we show that high
temperature deposition and high temperature annealing is one of the methods to
achieve large coercivity in Mn doped FePt as it leads to tetragonal distortion.


  We summarize the current status of baryon number violation in supersymmetry
and provide prospects for going beyond the present reach by means of a new
search for neutron-antineutron oscillations. The main motivation is the
recently proposed neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment at the European
Spallation Source in Lund, Sweden, which is projected to be able to improve the
current bound on the transition probability in the quasi-free regime by three
orders of magnitude. We consider various processes involving superpartners that
give rise to neutron-antineutron oscillations and extract the corresponding
simplified models, including only the most relevant superpartners and
couplings. In terms of these models we recast and determine the exclusion
limits from LHC searches as well as from searches for flavor transitions, CP
violation and di-nucleon decays. We find that, for certain regions of the
parameter space, the proposed neutron-antineutron experiment has a reach that
goes beyond all other experiments, as it can probe gluino and squark masses in
the multi-TeV range.


  Self-organized criticality (SOC) reveals a mechanism by which a system is
autonomously evolved to be in a critical state without needing parameter
tuning. Whereas various biological systems are found to be in critical states
and the significance of SOC is being re-estimated, a simple model in a general
platform has not been established. Here, we present SOC in asynchronously tuned
elementary cellular automata (ECA), which was based on asynchronously updating
and tuning the consistency between local dual modes of transitions. This
duality was defined by adjunction, which can be ignored during synchronous
updates. Duality coupled with asynchronous updating can demonstrate that SOC
coincides with the criticality in a phase transition of asynchronous ECA with
respect to density decay.


  We undertake a semiclassical analysis of the spectral properties (modulations
of photoabsorption spectra, energy level statistics) of a simple Rydberg
molecule in static fields within the framework of Closed-Orbit/Periodic-Orbit
theories. We conclude that in addition to the usual classically allowed orbits
one must consider classically forbidden diffractive paths. Further, the
molecule brings in a new type of 'inelastic' diffractive trajectory, different
from the usual 'elastic' diffractive orbits encountered in previous studies of
atomic and analogous systems such as billiards with point-scatterers. The
relative importance of inelastic versus elastic diffraction is quantified by
merging the usual Closed Orbit theory framework with molecular quantum defect
theory.


  Simulations of binary collisions involving compact objects require initial
data that satisfy the constraint equations of general relativity. For binary
boson star simulations it is common practice to use a superposition of two
isolated star solutions to construct an approximate solution to the constraint
equations. Such superposed data is simple to set up compared to solving these
equations explicitly, but also introduces extra constraint violations in the
time evolution. In this work we investigate how physical observables depend on
the quality of initial data in the case of head-on boson star collisions. In
particular we compare results obtained from data prepared using four different
methods: the standard method to superpose isolated stars, a heuristic
improvement to this superposition technique and two versions of this data where
excess constraint violations were removed through a conformal thin-sandwich
solver. We find that differences in the time evolutions are dominated by
differences in the way the two superposition methods differ, whereas
additionally constraint solving the superposed data has smaller impact. The
numerical experiments are conducted using the pseudo-spectral code bamps. Our
work demonstrates that bamps is a code suited for generating high accuracy
numerical waveforms for boson star collisions due to the exponential
convergence in the polynomial resolution of the numerical approximation.


  We develop an analytical model for describing the magnetization dynamics in
ferromagnetic metal nanoparticles, which is based on the coupled system of the
Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) and Maxwell equations. By solving Maxwell's
equations in the quasi-static approximation and finding the magnetic field of
eddy currents, we derive the closed LLG equation for the magnetization that
fully accounts for the effects of conductivity. We analyze the difference
between the LLG equations in metallic and dielectric nanoparticles and show
that these effects can strongly influence the magnetization dynamics. As an
example illustrating the importance of eddy currents, the phenomenon of
precessional switching of magnetization is considered.


  Transverse collective excitations in a binary liquid mixture are studied for
different mass ratio of components $R$ at fixed numerical density. Increasing
the mass ratio results in a larger gap width for shear waves. A four-variable
dynamic model of transverse dynamics in binary liquids is solved analytically
with an account of cross-correlations between total mass and mass-concentration
current fluctuations. An equation for the propagation gap of shear waves for
binary liquids is reported and analyzed.


  We study an iterative matrix conditioning algorithm due to Osborne (1960).
The goal of the algorithm is to convert a square matrix into a balanced matrix
where every row and corresponding column have the same norm. The original
algorithm was proposed for balancing rows and columns in the $L_2$ norm, and it
works by iterating over balancing a row-column pair in fixed round-robin order.
Variants of the algorithm for other norms have been heavily studied and are
implemented as standard preconditioners in many numerical linear algebra
packages. Recently, Schulman and Sinclair (2015), in a first result of its kind
for any norm, analyzed the rate of convergence of a variant of Osborne's
algorithm that uses the $L_{\infty}$ norm and a different order of choosing
row-column pairs. In this paper we study matrix balancing in the $L_1$ norm and
other $L_p$ norms. We show the following results for any matrix $A =
(a_{ij})_{i,j=1}^n$, resolving in particular a main open problem mentioned by
Schulman and Sinclair.
  1) We analyze the iteration for the $L_1$ norm under a greedy order of
balancing. We show that it converges to an $\epsilon$-balanced matrix in $K =
O(\min\{\epsilon^{-2}\log w,\epsilon^{-1}n^{3/2}\log(w/\epsilon)\})$ iterations
that cost a total of $O(m + Kn\log n)$ arithmetic operations over $O(n\log
w)$-bit numbers. Here $m$ is the number of non-zero entries of $A$, and $w =
\sum_{i,j} |a_{ij}|/a_{\min}$ with $a_{\min} = \min\{|a_{ij}|:\ a_{ij}\neq
0\}$.
  2) We show that the original round-robin implementation converges to an
$\epsilon$-balanced matrix in $O(\epsilon^{-2}n^2\log w)$ iterations totalling
$O(\epsilon^{-2}mn\log w)$ arithmetic operations over $O(n\log w)$-bit numbers.
  3) We demonstrate a lower bound of $\Omega(1/\sqrt{\epsilon})$ on the
convergence rate of any implementation of the iteration.


  We review the characteristics of nucleosynthesis and radioactivities in
'Hypernovae', i.e., supernovae with very large explosion energies ($ \gsim
10^{52} $ ergs) and their $\gamma$-ray line signatures. We also discuss the
$^{44}$Ti line $\gamma$-rays from SN1987A and the detectability with INTEGRAL.
Signatures of hypernova nucleosynthesis are seen in the large [(Ti, Zn)/Fe]
ratios in very metal poor stars. Radioactivities in hypernovae compared to
those of ordinary core-collapse supernovae show the following characteristics:
1) The complete Si burning region is more extended, so that the ejected mass of
$^{56}$Ni can be much larger. 2) Si-burning takes place in higher entropy and
more $\alpha$-rich environment. Thus the $^{44}$Ti abundance relative to
$^{56}$Ni is much larger. In aspherical explosions, $^{44}$Ti is even more
abundant and ejected with velocities as high as $\sim$ 15,000 km s$^{-1}$,
which could be observed in $\gamma$-ray line profiles. 3) The abundance of
$^{26}$Al is not so sensitive to the explosion energy, while the $^{60}$Fe
abundance is enhanced by a factor of $\sim$ 3.


  The critical current of the spin transfer torque-driven magnetization
dynamics was studied by taking into account both spin pumping and the finite
penetration depth of the transverse spin current. We successfully reproduced
the recent experimental results obtained by Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 74},
144408 (2006)] and found that the critical current remains finite even in the
zero-thickness limit of the free layer. We showed that the remaining value of
the critical current is determined mainly by spin pumping.


  The basic concepts and equations of classical fluid mechanics are presented
in the form necessary for the formulation of Newtonian cosmology and for
derivation and analysis of a system of the averaged Navier-Stokes-Poisson
equations. A special attention is paid to the analytic formulation of the
definitions and equations of moving fluids and to their physical content.


  We proposed a new formulation for heavy quark effective theory (HQET), whose
Lagrangian is hermitian and has a manifest reparameterization invariance. As an
application, we calculated the semileptonic and nonleptonic inclusive heavy
hadron decay rates up to second order mass corrections and found that there are
no kinetic energy correction terms.


  Possible superconductivity of electrons with the Dirac spectrum is analyzed
using the BCS model. We calculate the critical temperature, the superconducting
energy gap, and supercurrent as functions of the doping level and of the
pairing interaction strength. Zero doping is characterized by existence of the
quantum critical point such that the critical temperature vanishes below some
finite value of the interaction strength. However, the critical temperature
remains finite for any nonzero electron or hole doping level when the Fermi
energy is shifted away from the Dirac point of the normal-state electron
spectrum. We analyze the behavior of the characteristic length scales, i.e.,
the London penetration depth and the coherence length, which determine the
critical magnetic fields.


  We suggest an experimental measurement that could detect the appearance of
the tau neutrinos in muon to tau neutrino oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos
by measuring the energy spectra of neutrino induced showers. Tau neutrinos
deposit a large fraction of their energy in showers generated in
  CC interactions and the subsequent tau--lepton decay.
  The appearance of tau neutrinos will enhance the spectrum of neutrino induced
showers in energy ranges corresponding to the neutrino oscillation parameters.
A shower rate lower than the `no oscillation' prediction is an indication for
oscillations into sterile neutrinos.


  We construct a sequence of subset partition graphs satisfying the dimension
reduction, adjacency, strong adjacency, and endpoint count properties whose
diameter has a superlinear asymptotic lower bound. These abstractions of
polytope graphs give further evidence against the Linear Hirsch Conjecture.


  Reliability and voltage quality in distribution networks have been achieved
via a combination of transformer power rating satisfaction and voltage
management asset control. To maintain reliable operation under this paradigm,
however, future grids with deep DER penetrations would require costly equipment
upgrades. These upgrades can be mitigated via judicious coordination of DER
operation. Earlier work has assumed a hierarchical control architecture in
which a global controller (GC) uses detailed power injection and DER data and
knowledge of DER owners' objectives to determine setpoints that local
controllers should follow in order to achieve reliable and cost effective grid
operation. Having such data and assuming knowledge of DER owners' objectives,
however, are often not desirable or possible. In an earlier work, a 2-layer DER
coordination architecture was shown to achieve close to optimal performance
despite infrequent communication to a global controller. Motivated by this
work, this paper proposes a day-ahead coordination scheme that uses forecasted
power profile ranges to generate day-ahead dynamic power rating bounds at each
transformer. Novel features of this scheme include: (i) the GC knows only past
node power injection data and does not impose or know DER owner objectives,
(ii) we use bounds that ensure reliable operation to guide the local
controllers rather than setpoint tracking, and (iii) we consider electric
vehicle (EV) charging in addition to storage. Simulations using the IEEE
123-bus network show that with 50% solar, 50% EVs and 10% storage penetrations,
the uncoordinated approach incurs rating violations at nearly all 86
transformers and results in 10 times higher voltage deviation, while our
approach incurs only 12 rating violations and maintains almost the same voltage
deviations as before the addition of solar and EVs.


  We show that a conformal anomaly in Weyl/Dirac semimetals generates a bulk
electric current perpendicular to a temperature gradient and the direction of a
background magnetic field. The associated conductivity of this novel
contribution to the Nernst effect is fixed by a beta function associated with
the electric charge renormalization in the material.


  Recent accurate measurements of cosmic ray electron flux by the Dark Matter
Particle Explorer (DAMPE) reveal a sharp peak structure near 1.4 TeV, which is
difficult to explain by standard astrophysical processes. In this letter, we
propose a simple model that the enhanced dark matter annihilation via the
$e^+e^-$ channel and with the thermal relic annihilation cross section around
the current nearest black hole (A0620-00) can satisfactorily account for the
sharp peak structure. The predicted dark matter mass is $\sim 1.5-3$ TeV.


  The phaseless Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo method provides a well
established approximation scheme for accurate calculations of ground state
energies of many-fermions systems. Here we apply the method to the calculation
of imaginary time correlation functions. We give a detailed description of the
technique and we test the quality of the results for static and dynamic
properties against exact values for small systems.


  Over the last eight years, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer
(VIMS) aboard the Cassini orbiter has returned hyperspectral images in the
0.35-5.1 micron range of the icy satellites and rings of Saturn. These very
different objects show significant variations in surface composition, roughness
and regolith grain size as a result of their evolutionary histories, endogenic
processes and interactions with exogenic particles. The distributions of
surface water ice and chromophores, i.e. organic and non-icy materials, across
the saturnian system, are traced using specific spectral indicators (spectral
slopes and absorption band depths) obtained from rings mosaics and
disk-integrated satellites observations by VIMS.


  Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are required to identify key information
from conversations for the completion of given tasks. Such information is
conventionally specified in terms of intents and slots contained in
task-specific ontology or schemata. Since these schemata are designed by system
developers, the naming convention for slots and intents is not uniform across
tasks, and may not convey their semantics effectively. This can lead to models
memorizing arbitrary patterns in data, resulting in suboptimal performance and
generalization. In this paper, we propose that schemata should be modified by
replacing names or notations entirely with natural language descriptions. We
show that a language description-driven system exhibits better understanding of
task specifications, higher performance on state tracking, improved data
efficiency, and effective zero-shot transfer to unseen tasks. Following this
paradigm, we present a simple yet effective Description-Driven Dialog State
Tracking (D3ST) model, which relies purely on schema descriptions and an
"index-picking" mechanism. We demonstrate the superiority in quality, data
efficiency and robustness of our approach as measured on the MultiWOZ
(Budzianowski et al.,2018), SGD (Rastogi et al., 2020), and the recent SGD-X
(Lee et al., 2021) benchmarks.


  Au/Co/Au nanopillars fabricated by colloidal lithography of continuous
trilayers exhibit and enhanced coercive field and the appearance of an exchange
bias field with respect to the continuous layers. This is attributed to the
lateral oxidation of the Co interlayer that appears upon disc fabrication. The
dependence of the exchange bias field on the Co nanodots size and on the
oxidation degree is analyzed and its microscopic origin clarified by means of
Monte Carlo simulations based on a model of a cylindrical dot with lateral
core/shell structure.


  3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a prominent technique with the
potential to become a mainstream method for 3D representations. It can
effectively transform multi-view images into explicit 3D Gaussian
representations through efficient training, and achieve real-time rendering of
novel views. This survey aims to analyze existing 3DGS-related works from
multiple intersecting perspectives, including related tasks, technologies,
challenges, and opportunities. The primary objective is to provide newcomers
with a rapid understanding of the field and to assist researchers in
methodically organizing existing technologies and challenges. Specifically, we
delve into the optimization, application, and extension of 3DGS, categorizing
them based on their focuses or motivations. Additionally, we summarize and
classify nine types of technical modules and corresponding improvements
identified in existing works. Based on these analyses, we further examine the
common challenges and technologies across various tasks, proposing potential
research opportunities.


  We give an example of a linear, time-dependent, Schr{\"o}dinger operator with
optimal growth of Sobolev norms. The construction is explicit, and relies on a
comprehensive study of the linear Lowest Landau Level equation with a
time-dependent potential.


  Tidal dissipation is thought to be responsible for the observed high heat
loss on Enceladus. Forced librations can enhance tidal dissipation in the ice
shell, but how such librations affect the thermal state of Enceladus has not
been investigated. Here we investigate the heating effect of forced librations
using the model of Van Hoolst et al. (2013), which includes the elasticity of
the ice shell. We find that libration heating in the ice shell is insufficient
to match the inferred conductive heat loss of Enceladus. This suggests that
either Enceladus is not in a thermal steady state, or additional heating
mechanisms beneath the ice shell are contributing the bulk of the power. In the
presence of such an additional heat source, Enceladus resides in a stable
thermal equilibrium, resisting small perturbations to the shell thickness. Our
results do not support the occurrence of a runaway melting process proposed by
Luan and Goldreich (2017). In our study, the strong dependence of conductive
loss on shell thickness stabilizes the thermal state of Enceladus's ice shell.
Our study implies that thermal runaway (if it occurred) or episodic heating on
Enceladus is unlikely to originate from librations of the ice shell.


  Generic partial supersymmetry breaking of $N=2$ supergravity with zero vacuum
energy and with surviving unbroken arbitrary gauge groups is exhibited.
Specific examples are given.


  We prove that there do not exist quasi-isometric embeddings of connected
nonabelian nilpotent Lie groups equipped with left invariant Riemannian metrics
into a metric measure space satisfying the RCD(0,N), with N > 1. In fact, we
can prove that a subRiemannian manifold whose generic degree of nonholonomy is
not smaller than 2 can not be biLipschitzly embedded in any Banach space with
the Radon-Nikodym property. We also get that every regular sub-Riemannian
manifold do not satisfy the CD(K,N) with N > 1. We also prove that the
subRiemannian manifold is infinitesimally Hilbert space.


  With the immense computing power at our disposal, the numerical solution of
partial differential equations (PDEs) is becoming a day-to-day task for modern
computational scientists. However, the complexity of real-life problems is such
that tractable solutions do not exist. This makes it difficult to validate the
numerically obtained solution, so good error estimation is crucial in such
cases. It allows the user to identify problematic areas in the computational
domain that may affect the stability and accuracy of the numerical method. Such
areas can then be remedied by either \textit{h}- or \textit{p}-adaptive
procedures. In this paper, we propose to estimate the error of the numerical
solution by solving the same governing problem implicitly and explicitly, using
a different approximation order in each case. We demonstrate the newly proposed
error indicator on the solution of a synthetic two-dimensional Poisson problem
with tractable solution for easier validation. We show that the proposed error
indicator has good potential for locating areas of high error.