  Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has emerged as a promising supporting
architecture providing a variety of resources to the network edge, thus acting
as an enabler for edge intelligence services empowering massive mobile and
Internet of Things (IoT) devices with AI capability. With the assistance of
edge servers, user equipments (UEs) are able to run deep neural network (DNN)
based AI applications, which are generally resource-hungry and
compute-intensive, such that an individual UE can hardly afford by itself in
real time. However the resources in each individual edge server are typically
limited. Therefore, any resource optimization involving edge servers is by
nature a resource-constrained optimization problem and needs to be tackled in
such realistic context. Motivated by this observation, we investigate the
optimization problem of DNN partitioning (an emerging DNN offloading scheme) in
a realistic multi-user resource-constrained condition that rarely considered in
previous works. Despite the extremely large solution space, we reveal several
properties of this specific optimization problem of joint multi-UE DNN
partitioning and computational resource allocation. We propose an algorithm
called Iterative Alternating Optimization (IAO) that can achieve the optimal
solution in polynomial time. In addition, we present rigorous theoretic
analysis of our algorithm in terms of time complexity and performance under
realistic estimation error. Moreover, we build a prototype that implements our
framework and conduct extensive experiments using realistic DNN models, whose
results demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency.


  We present a detailed stellar population analysis of 27 massive elliptical
galaxies within 4 very rich clusters at redshift z~0.2: A115, A655, A963 and
A2111. Using the new, high-resolution stellar populations models developed in
our group, we obtained accurate estimates of the mean luminosity-weighted ages
and relative abundances of CN, Mg and Fe. We have found that [CN/H] and [Mg/H]
are correlated with sigma while [Fe/H] and Log(age) are not. In addition, both
abundance ratios [CN/Fe] and [Mg/Fe] increase with sigma. Furthermore, the
[CN/H]-sigma and [CN/Fe]-sigma slopes are steeper for galaxies in very rich
clusters than those in the less dense Virgo and Coma clusters. On the other
hand, [Mg/H]-sigma and [Mg/Fe]-sigma slopes keep constant as functions of the
environment. Our results are compatible with a scenario in which the stellar
populations of massive elliptical galaxies, independently of their environment
and mass, had formation timescales shorter than ~1 Gyr. This result implies
that massive elliptical galaxies have evolved passively since, at least, as
long ago as z~2. For a given galaxy mass the duration of star formation is
shorter in those galaxies belonging to more dense environments; whereas the
mass-metallicity relation appears to be also a function of the cluster
properties: the denser the environment is, the steeper are the correlations.
Finally, we show that the abundance ratios [CN/Fe] and [Mg/Fe] are the key
"chemical clocks" to infer the star formation history timescales in
ellipticals. In particular, [Mg/Fe] provides an upper limit for those formation
timescales, while [CN/Fe] apperars to be the most suitable parameter to resolve
them in elliptical galaxies with sigma<300 km/s.


  Abelian and non-Abelian topological phases exhibiting protected chiral edge
modes are ubiquitous in the realm of the Fractional Quantum Hall (FQH) effect.
Here, we investigate a spin-1 Hamiltonian on the square lattice which could,
potentially, host the spin liquid analog of the (bosonic) non-Abelian
Moore-Read FQH state, as suggested by Exact Diagonalisation of small clusters.
Using families of fully SU(2)-spin symmetric and translationally invariant
chiral Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS), variational energy optimization
is performed using infinite-PEPS methods, providing good agreement with Density
Matrix Renormalisation Group (DMRG) results. A careful analysis of the bulk
spin-spin and dimer-dimer correlation functions in the optimized spin liquid
suggests that they exhibit long-range "gossamer tails". We argue these tails
are finite-$D$ artifacts of the chiral PEPS, which become irrelevant when the
PEPS bond dimension $D$ is increased. From the investigation of the
entanglement spectrum, we observe sharply defined chiral edge modes following
the prediction of the SU(2)$_2$ Wess-Zumino-Witten theory and exhibiting a
conformal field theory (CFT) central charge $c=3/2$, as expected for a
Moore-Read chiral spin liquid. We conclude that the PEPS formalism offers an
unbiased and efficient method to investigate non-Abelian chiral spin liquids in
quantum antiferromagnets.


  Recent interest towards autonomous navigation and exploration robots for
indoor applications has spurred research into indoor Simultaneous Localization
and Mapping (SLAM) robot systems. While most of these SLAM systems use Visual
and LiDAR sensors in tandem with an odometry sensor, these odometry sensors
drift over time. To combat this drift, Visual SLAM systems deploy compute and
memory intensive search algorithms to detect `Loop Closures', which make the
trajectory estimate globally consistent. To circumvent these resource (compute
and memory) intensive algorithms, we present ViWiD, which integrates WiFi and
Visual sensors in a dual-layered system. This dual-layered approach separates
the tasks of local and global trajectory estimation making ViWiD resource
efficient while achieving on-par or better performance to state-of-the-art
Visual SLAM. We demonstrate ViWiD's performance on four datasets, covering over
1500 m of traversed path and show 4.3x and 4x reduction in compute and memory
consumption respectively compared to state-of-the-art Visual and Lidar SLAM
systems with on par SLAM performance.


  We prove that the property of an algebra to be finitely presented is Morita
invariant.


  We construct several examples where duality transformation commutes with the
orbifolding procedure even when the orbifolding group does not act freely, and
there are massless states from the twisted sector at a generic point in the
moduli space. Often the matching of spectrum in the dual theories is a result
of non-trivial identities satisfied by the coefficients of one loop tadpoles in
the heterotic, type II and type I string theories.


  We study the surface arising from the diophantine equation
$m^3+(m+1)^3+...+(m+k-1)^3=l^2$. It turns out that this is a $K3$ surface with
Picard number 20. We stduy its aritmetic properties in detail. We construct
elliptic fibrations on it, and we find a parametric solution to the original
equation. Also, we determine the Hasse-Weil zeta function of the surface over
$Q$.


  We use a deterministic model to study two competing viruses spreading over a
two-layer network in the Susceptible--Infected--Susceptible (SIS) framework,
and address a central problem of identifying the winning virus in a
"survival-of-the-fittest" battle. Existing sufficient conditions ensure that
the same virus always wins regardless of initial states. For networks with an
arbitrary but finite number of nodes, there exists a necessary and sufficient
condition that guarantees local exponential stability of the two equilibria
corresponding to each virus winning the battle, meaning that either of the
viruses can win, depending on the initial states. However, establishing
existence and finding examples of networks with more than three nodes that
satisfy such a condition has remained unaddressed. In this paper, we prove
that, for any arbitrary number of nodes, such networks exist. We do this by
proving that given almost any network layer of one virus, there exists a
network layer for the other virus such that the resulting two-layer network
satisfies the aforementioned condition. To operationalize our findings, a
four-step procedure is developed to reliably and consistently design one of the
network layers, when given the other layer. Conclusions from numerical case
studies, including a real-world mobility network that captures the commuting
patterns for people between $107$ provinces in Italy, extend on the theoretical
result and its consequences.


  We examine the properties of an excess power method to detect gravitational
waves in interferometric detector data. This method is designed to detect
short-duration (< 0.5 s) burst signals of unknown waveform, such as those from
supernovae or black hole mergers. If only the bursts' duration and frequency
band are known, the method is an optimal detection strategy in both Bayesian
and frequentist senses. It consists of summing the data power over the known
time interval and frequency band of the burst. If the detector noise is
stationary and Gaussian, this sum is distributed as a chi-squared (non-central
chi-squared) deviate in the absence (presence) of a signal. One can use these
distributions to compute frequentist detection thresholds for the measured
power. We derive the method from Bayesian analyses and show how to compute
Bayesian thresholds. More generically, when only upper and/or lower bounds on
the bursts duration and frequency band are known, one must search for excess
power in all concordant durations and bands. Two search schemes are presented
and their computational efficiencies are compared. We find that given
reasonable constraints on the effective duration and bandwidth of signals, the
excess power search can be performed on a single workstation. Furthermore, the
method can be almost as efficient as matched filtering when a large template
bank is required. Finally, we derive generalizations of the method to a network
of several interferometers under the assumption of Gaussian noise.


  Atomic hydrogen (H I) gas, mostly residing in dark matter halos after cosmic
reionization, is the fuel for star formation. Its relation with properties of
host halo is the key to understand the cosmic H I distribution. In this work,
we propose a flexible, empirical model of H I-halo relation. In this model,
while the H I mass depends primarily on the mass of host halo, there is also
secondary dependence on other halo properties. We apply our model to the
observation data of the Arecibo Fast Legacy ALFA Survey (ALFALFA), and find it
can successfully fit to the cosmic H I abundance ($\Omega_{\rm HI}$), average H
I-halo mass relation $\langle M_{\rm HI}|M_{\rm h}\rangle$, and the H I
clustering. The bestfit of the ALFALFA data rejects with high confidence level
the model with no secondary halo dependence of H I mass and the model with
secondary dependence on halo spin parameter ($\lambda$), and shows strong
dependence on halo formation time ($a_{1/2}$) and halo concentration ($c_{\rm
vir}$). In attempt to explain these findings from the perspective of
hydrodynamical simulations, the IllustrisTNG simulation confirms the dependence
of H I mass on secondary halo parameters. However, the IllustrisTNG results
show strong dependence on $\lambda$ and weak dependence on $c_{\rm vir}$ and
$a_{1/2}$, and also predict a much larger value of H I clustering on large
scales than observations. This discrepancy between the simulation and
observation calls for improvements in understanding the H I-halo relation from
both theoretical and observational sides.


  We present the new release v2.0 of T-PHOT, a publicly available software
package developed to perform PSF-matched, prior-based, multiwavelength
deconfusion photometry of extragalactic fields. New features included in the
code are presented and discussed: background estimation, fitting using position
dependent kernels, flux prioring, diagnostical statistics on the residual
image, exclusion of selected sources from the model and residual images,
individual registration of fitted objects. These new options improve on the
performance of the code, allowing for more accurate results and providing
useful aids for diagnostics.


  We present an overview of the scientific opportunities that would be offered
by a high-energy electron-ion collider. We discuss the relevant physics of
polarized and unpolarized electron-proton collisions and of electron-nucleus
collisions. We also describe the current accelerator and detector plans for a
future electron-ion collider.


  Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing (AFDM) is a brand new chirp-based
multi-carrier (MC) waveform for high mobility communications, with promising
advantages over Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and other MC
waveforms. Existing AFDM research focuses on wireless communication at high
carrier frequency (CF), which typically considers only Doppler frequency shift
(DFS) as a result of mobility, while ignoring the accompanied Doppler time
scaling (DTS) on waveform. However, for underwater acoustic (UWA) communication
at much lower CF and propagating at speed of sound, the DTS effect could not be
ignored and poses significant challenges for channel estimation. This paper
analyzes the channel frequency response (CFR) of AFDM under multi-scale
multi-lag (MSML) channels, where each propagating path could have different
delay and DFS/DTS. Based on the newly derived input-output formula and its
characteristics, two new channel estimation methods are proposed, i.e., AFDM
with iterative multi-index (AFDM-IMI) estimation under low to moderate DTS, and
AFDM with orthogonal matching pursuit (AFDM-OMP) estimation under high DTS.
Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods against the
original AFDM channel estimation method. Moreover, the resulted AFDM system
outperforms OFDM as well as Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing (OCDM) in
terms of channel estimation accuracy and bit error rate (BER), which is
consistent with our theoretical analysis based on CFR overlap probability
(COP), mutual incoherent property (MIP) and channel diversity gain under MSML
channels.


  In the mid-1990s, Stanley and Stembridge conjectured that the chromatic
symmetric functions of claw-free co-comparability (also called incomparability)
graphs were e-positive. The quest for the proof of this conjecture has led to
an examination of other, related graph classes. In 2013 Guay-Paquet proved that
if unit interval graphs are e-positive, that implies claw-free incomparability
graphs are as well. Inspired by this approach, we consider a related case and
prove that unit interval graphs whose complement is also a unit interval graph
are e-positive. We introduce the concept of strongly $e$-positive to denote a
graph whose induced subgraphs are all e-positive, and conjecture that a graph
is strongly e-positive if and only if it is (claw, net)-free.


  It has been recently shown that a nanostructure composed of a quantum dot
surrounded by a quantum ring possesses a set of very unique characteristics
that make it a good candidate for future nanoelectronic devices. Its main
advantage is the ability to easily tune transport properties on demand by so
called "wave function engineering". In practice, the distribution of the
electron wave function in the nanostructure can be controlled by, e.g.,
electrical gating. In order to predict some particular properties of the system
one has to know the exact wave functions for different shapes of the confining
potential that defines the structure.
  In this paper we compare three different methods that can be used to
determine the energy spectrum, electron wave functions and transport properties
of the system under investigation. In the first approach we utilize the
cylindrical symmetry of the confining potential and solve only the radial part
of the Schrodinger equation; in the second approach we discretize the
Schrodinger equation in two dimensions and find the eigenstates with the help
of the Lanczos method; in the third approach we use package Kwant to solve a
tight-binding approximation of the original system. To study the transport
properties in all these approaches we calculate microscopically the strength of
the coupling between the nanosystem and leads. In the first two approaches we
use the Bardeen method, in the third one calculations are performed with the
help of package Kwant.


  The diffractive heavy quark cross sections are estimated considering
photon-Pomeron ($\gamma \pom$) interactions in hadron - hadron at RHIC,
Tevatron, and CERN LHC energies. We assume the validity of the hard diffractive
factorization and calculate the charm and bottom total cross sections and
rapidity distributions using the diffractive parton distribution functions of
the Pomeron obtained by the H1 Collaboration at DESY-HERA. Moreover, we compare
our predictions with those obtained using the dipole model. We verify that this
process is a good test of the different mechanisms for diffractive heavy quark
production at hadron - hadron colliders.


  We performed nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) measurements on
itinerant-electron metamagnet UCoAl in order to investigate the critical
behavior of the magnetism near a metamagnetic (MM) critical endpoint (CEP). We
derived c-axis magnetization $M_c$ and its fluctuation $S_c$ from the
measurements of Knight shift and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$
as a function of the c-axis external field ($H_c$) and temperature ($T$). We
developed contour plots of $M_c$ and $S_c$ on the $H_c$ - $T$ phase diagram,
and observed the strong divergence of $S_c$ at the CEP. The critical exponents
of $M_c$ and $S_c$ near the CEP are estimated, and found to be close to the
universal properties of a three-dimensional (3-D) Ising model. We indicate that
the critical phenomena at the itinerant-electron MM CEP in UCoAl have a common
feature as a gas-liquid transition.


  Wikipedia, the world largest encyclopedia contains a lot of knowledge that is
expressed as formulae exclusively. Unfortunately, this knowledge is currently
not fully accessible by intelligent information retrieval systems. This immense
body of knowledge is hidden form value-added services, such as search. In this
paper, we present our MathSearch implementation for Wikipedia that enables
users to perform a combined text and fully unlock the potential benefits.


  Motivated by certain current results by Parmar and Pog\'any [9] in which the
authors introduced the so-called $p$-extended Mathieu series the main aim of
this paper is to present a connection between such series and a various types
of Schl\"omilch series.


  We discuss the behavior of the fully frustrated hypercubic cell in the
infinite dimensional mean-field limit. In the Ising case the system undergoes a
glass transition, well described by the random orthogonal model. Under the
glass temperature aging effects show clearly. In the $XY$ case there is no sign
of a phase transition, and the system is always a paramagnet.


  In order to study stellar populations and galaxy structures at intermediate
and high redshift (z=0.2-2.0) and link these properties to those of low
redshift galaxies, there is a need for well-defined local reference samples.
Especially for galaxies in massive clusters, such samples are often limited to
the Coma cluster galaxies. We present consistently calibrated velocity
dispersions and absorption line indices for galaxies in the central 2 R500 x 2
R500 of four massive clusters at z<0.1: Abell 426/Perseus, Abell 1656/Coma,
Abell 2029, and Abell 2142. The measurements are based on data from Gemini
Observatory, McDonald Observatory, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For
bulge-dominated galaxies the samples are 95 percent complete in Perseus and
Coma, and 74 percent complete in A2029 and A2142, to a limit of M_Babs <= -18.5
mag. The data serve as the local reference for our studies of galaxy
populations in the higher redshift clusters that are part of the Gemini/HST
Galaxy Cluster Project (GCP). We establish the scaling relations between line
indices and velocity dispersions as reference for the GCP. We derive stellar
population parameters ages, metallicities [M/H], and abundance ratios from line
indices, both averaged in bins of velocity dispersion, and from individual
measurements for galaxies in Perseus and Coma. The zero points of relations
between the stellar population parameters and the velocity dispersions limit
the allowed cluster-to-cluster variation of the four clusters to +-0.08 dex in
age, +-0.06 dex in [M/H], +-0.07 dex in [CN/Fe], and +-0.03 dex in [Mg/Fe].


  We present a kind of generalized Vaidya solutions of a new cubic gravity in
five dimensions whose field equations in spherically spacetime are always
second order like the Lovelock gravity. We also study the thermodynamics of its
apparent horizon and get its entropy expression and generalized Misner-Sharp
energy. Finally we present the first law and second law hold in this gravity.
Although all the results are analogue to those in Lovelock gravity, we in fact
introduce the contribution of new cubic term in five dimensions where cubic
Lovelock term is just zero.


  The paper presents a new proof of O'Cinneide's characterization theorem. It
is much simpler than the original one and constructive in the sense that we not
only show the existence of a phase type representation, but present a procedure
which creates a phase type representation. We prove that the procedure succeeds
when the conditions of the characterization theorem hold.


  Convolutional neural networks are commonly used to control the steering angle
for autonomous cars. Most of the time, multiple long range cameras are used to
generate lateral failure cases. In this paper we present a novel model to
generate this data and label augmentation using only one short range fisheye
camera. We present our simulator and how it can be used as a consistent metric
for lateral end-to-end control evaluation. Experiments are conducted on a
custom dataset corresponding to more than 10000 km and 200 hours of open road
driving. Finally we evaluate this model on real world driving scenarios, open
road and a custom test track with challenging obstacle avoidance and sharp
turns. In our simulator based on real-world videos, the final model was capable
of more than 99% autonomy on urban road


  Despite the promise of recent deep neural networks in the iris recognition
setting, there are vital properties of the classic IrisCode which are almost
unable to be achieved with current deep iris networks: the compactness of model
and the small number of computing operations (FLOPs). This paper re-models the
iris network design process as a constrained optimization problem which takes
model size and computation into account as learning criteria. On one hand, this
allows us to fully automate the network design process to search for the best
iris network confined to the computation and model compactness constraints. On
the other hand, it allows us to investigate the optimality of the classic
IrisCode and recent iris networks. It also allows us to learn an optimal iris
network and demonstrate state-of-the-art performance with less computation and
memory requirements.


  The low-energy fluctuations of a trapped, interacting quasi one-dimensional
Bose gas are studied. Our considerations apply to experiments with highly
anisotropic traps. We show that under suitable experimental conditions the
system can be described as a Luttinger liquid. This implies that the
correlation function of the bosons decays algebraically preventing
Bose-Einstein condensation. At significantly lower temperatures a finite size
gap destroys the Luttinger liquid picture and Bose-Einstein condensation is
again possible.


  The Compressed Baryonic Matter~(CBM) experiment in the upcoming Facility for
Antiproton and Ion Research~(FAIR), designed to take data in nuclear collisions
at very high interaction rates of up to 10 MHz, will employ a free-streaming
data acquisition with self-triggered readout electronics, without any hardware
trigger. A simulation framework with a realistic digitization of the detectors
in the muon chamber (MuCh) subsystem in CBM has been developed to provide a
realistic simulation of the time-stamped data stream. In this article, we
describe the implementation of the free-streaming detector simulation and the
basic data related effects on the detector with respect to the interaction
rate.


  Interpretation of electrocardiography (ECG) signals is required for
diagnosing cardiac arrhythmia. Recently, machine learning techniques have been
applied for automated computer-aided diagnosis. Machine learning tasks can be
divided into regression and classification. Regression can be used for noise
and artifacts removal as well as resolve issues of missing data from low
sampling frequency. Classification task concerns the prediction of output
diagnostic classes according to expert-labeled input classes. In this work, we
propose a deep neural network model capable of solving regression and
classification tasks. Moreover, we combined the two approaches, using unlabeled
and labeled data, to train the model. We tested the model on the MIT-BIH
Arrhythmia database. Our method showed high effectiveness in detecting cardiac
arrhythmia based on modified Lead II ECG records, as well as achieved high
quality of ECG signal approximation. For the former, our method attained
overall accuracy of 87:33% and balanced accuracy of 80:54%, on par with
reference approaches. For the latter, application of self-supervised learning
allowed for training without the need for expert labels. The regression model
yielded satisfactory performance with fairly accurate prediction of QRS
complexes. Transferring knowledge from regression to the classification task,
our method attained higher overall accuracy of 87:78%.


  Here we present high resolution (15-24 au) observations of CO isotopologue
lines from the Molecules with ALMA on Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large
Program. Our analysis employs $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O ($J$=2-1), (1-0), and
C$^{17}$O (1-0) line observations of five protoplanetary disks. We retrieve CO
gas density distributions, using three independent methods: (1) a
thermo-chemical modeling framework based on the CO data, the broadband spectral
energy distribution, and the mm-continuum emission; (2) an empirical
temperature distribution based on optically thick CO lines; and (3) a direct
fit to the C$^{17}$O hyperfine lines. Results from these methods generally show
excellent agreement. The CO gas column density profiles of the five disks show
significant variations in the absolute value and the radial shape. Assuming a
gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100, all five disks have a global CO-to-H$_2$
abundance of 10-100 times lower than the ISM ratio. The CO gas distributions
between 150-400 au match well with models of viscous disks, supporting the
long-standing theory. CO gas gaps appear to be correlated with continuum gap
locations, but some deep continuum gaps do not have corresponding CO gaps. The
relative depths of CO and dust gaps are generally consistent with predictions
of planet-disk interactions, but some CO gaps are 5-10 times shallower than
predictions based on dust gaps. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of
the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.


  IXPE scientific payload comprises of three telescopes, each composed of a
mirror and a photoelectric polarimeter based on the Gas Pixel Detector design.
The three focal plane detectors, together with the unit which interfaces them
to the spacecraft, are named IXPE Instrument and they will be built and
calibrated in Italy; in this proceeding, we will present how IXPE Instrument
will be calibrated, both on-ground and in-flight. The Instrument Calibration
Equipment is being finalized at INAF-IAPS in Rome (Italy) to produce both
polarized and unpolarized radiation, with a precise knowledge of direction,
position, energy and polarization state of the incident beam. In flight, a set
of four calibration sources based on radioactive material and mounted on a
filter and calibration wheel will allow for the periodic calibration of all of
the three IXPE focal plane detectors independently. A highly polarized source
and an unpolarized one will be used to monitor the response to polarization;
the remaining two will be used to calibrate the gain through the entire
lifetime of the mission.


  In our paper published earlier we discussed forecasts of earthquake focal
mechanism and ways to test the forecast efficiency. Several verification
methods were proposed, but they were based on ad-hoc, empirical assumptions,
thus their performance is questionable. In this work we apply a conventional
likelihood method to measure a skill of forecast. The advantage of such an
approach is that earthquake rate prediction can in principle be adequately
combined with focal mechanism forecast, if both are based on the likelihood
scores, resulting in a general forecast optimization. To calculate the
likelihood score we need to compare actual forecasts or occurrences of
predicted events with the null hypothesis that the mechanism's 3-D orientation
is random. For double-couple source orientation the random probability
distribution function is not uniform, which complicates the calculation of the
likelihood value. To better understand the resulting complexities we calculate
the information (likelihood) score for two rotational distributions (Cauchy and
von Mises-Fisher), which are used to approximate earthquake source orientation
pattern. We then calculate the likelihood score for earthquake source forecasts
and for their validation by future seismicity data. Several issues need to be
explored when analyzing observational results: their dependence on forecast and
data resolution, internal dependence of scores on forecasted angle, and random
variability of likelihood scores. In this work we propose a preliminary
solution to these complex problems, as these issues need to be explored by a
more extensive statistical analysis.


  We develop a duality for (modal) lattices that need not be distributive, and
use it to study positive (modal) logic beyond distributivity, which we call
weak positive (modal) logic. This duality builds on the Hofmann, Mislove and
Stralka duality for meet-semilattices. We introduce the notion of
$\Pi_1$-persistence and show that every weak positive modal logic is
$\Pi_1$-persistent. This approach leads to a new relational semantics for weak
positive modal logic, for which we prove an analogue of Sahlqvist
correspondence result.


  We develop a self-consistent version of perturbation theory in Liouville
space which seeks to combine the advantages of master equation approaches in
quantum transport with the nonperturbative features that a self-consistent
treatment brings. We describe how counting fields may be included in a
self-consistent manner in this formalism such that the full counting statistics
can be calculated. NonMarkovian effects are also incorporated. Several
different self-consistent approximations are introduced and we discuss their
relative strengths with a simple example.


  In this paper we present a mathematical model for estimate the collapse time
of a gas bubble in a vane of a oil gerotor pump. This amount of time cannot be
greater of the total time spent by the pump for filling and then emptying out a
vane in a single revolution, otherwise there is a loss of lubrication between
internal and external gears. We assume that oil is incompressible and viscous,
the bubble has a spherical shape and it is not translating into the external
fluid. The analytical treatment of the model shows that the Navier-Stokes
equations for the velocity field of the oil can be reduced to a single non
linear ordinary differential equation for the variation in time of the bubble
radius. The collapse time estimated by a numerical resolution of this equation
and the collapse time calculated from an analytical resolution of the
linearized equation are substantially equal.


  We propose a method for acting on the spin state of a spin-1/2 localized
particle, or `qubit', by means of a magnetic signal effectively generated by
the nearby transit of a magnetic soliton, there conveyed through a transmission
line. We first introduce the specific magnetic soliton of which we will make
use, and briefly review the properties that make it apt to represent a signal.
We then show that a Heisenberg spin chain can serve as transmission line, and
propose a method for injecting a soliton into the chain by acting just on one
of its ends. We finally demonstrate that the resulting magnetic pulse can
indeed cause, just passing by the spin-1/2 localized particle embodying the
qubit, a permanent change in its spin state, thus realizing the possibility of
getting through to a single, localized qubit, and manipulate its state. A
thorough analysis of how the overall dynamical system operates depending on the
setting of its parameters demonstrates that fine tuning is not necessary as it
exists an extended region in the parameters space that corresponds to an
effective functioning. Moreover, we show that possible noise on the
transmission line does not invalidate the scheme.


  Accelerating the calculations of finite-temperature thermodynamic properties
is a major challenge for rational materials design. Reliable methods can be
quite expensive, limiting their effective applicability in autonomous
high-throughput workflows. Here, the 3-phonons quasi-harmonic approximation
(QHA) method is introduced, requiring only three phonon calculations to obtain
a thorough characterization of the material. Leveraging a Taylor expansion of
the phonon frequencies around the equilibrium volume, the method efficiently
resolves the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat at
constant pressure, the enthalpy, and bulk modulus. Results from the standard
QHA and experiments corroborate the procedure, and additional comparisons are
made with the recently developed self-consistent QHA. The three approaches -
3-phonons, standard, and self- consistent QHAs - are all included within the
automated, open-source framework AFLOW, allowing automated determination of
properties with various implementations within the same framework.


  The conversion processes of Ge-related point defects triggered in amorphous
SiO2 by 4.7eV laser exposure were investigated. Our study has focused on the
interplay between the (=Ge•-H) H(II) center and the twofold coordinated
Ge defect (=Ge••). The former is generated in the post-irradiation
stage, while the latter decays both during and after exposure. The
post-irradiation decay kinetics of =Ge•• is isolated and found to
be anti-correlated to the growth of H(II), at least at short times. From this
finding it is suggested that both processes are due to trapping of radiolytic
H0 at the diamagnetic defect site. Furthermore, the anti-correlated behavior is
preserved also under repeated irradiation: light at 4.7eV destroys the already
formed H(II) centers and restore their precursors =Ge••. This
process leads to repeatability of the post-irradiation kinetics of the two
species after multiple laser exposures. A comprehensive scheme of chemical
reactions explaining the observed post-irradiation processes is proposed and
tested against experimental data.


  Let $(X, d)$ be a compact metric space, $f: X \to X$ be a continuous
transformation with the almost weak specification property and $\varphi: X \to
\mathbb{R}$ be a continuous function. We consider the set (called the irregular
set for $\varphi$) of points for which the Birkhoff average of $\varphi$ does
not exist and show that this set is either empty or carries full Bowen upper
and lower metric mean dimension.


  An asymmetric atom trap is investigated as a means to implement a "battery"
that supplies ultracold atoms to an atomtronic circuit. The battery model is
derived from a scheme for continuous loading of a non-dissipative atom trap
proposed by Roos et al.(Europhysics Letters V61, 187 (2003)). The trap is
defined by longitudinal and transverse trap frequencies and corresponding trap
energy heights. The battery's ability to supply power to a load is evaluated as
a function of an input atom flux and power. For given trap parameters and input
flux the battery is shown to have a resonantly optimum value of input power.
The battery behavior can be cast in terms of an equivalent circuit model;
specifically, for fixed input flux and power the battery is modeled in terms of
a Th\'{e}venin equivalent chemical potential and internal resistance. The
internal resistance establishes the maximum power that can be supplied to a
circuit, the heat that will be generated by the battery, and that noise will be
imposed on the circuit. We argue that any means of implementing a battery for
atomtronics can be represented by a Th\'{e}venin equivalent and that its
performance will likewise be determined by an internal resistance.


  Scans of Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) tangency radii and elevation on two
possible DEMO scenarios have been performed with two beam energies, 1.5MeV and
1.0MeV, in order to determine the most favourable options for Neutral Beam
Current Drive (NBCD) efficiency. In addition, a method using a genetic
algorithm has been used to seek optimised solutions of NBI source locations and
powers to synthesize a target total plasma driven-current profile. It is found
that certain beam trajectories may be proscribed by limitations on shinethrough
onto the vessel wall. This may affect the ability of NBCD to extend the
duration of a pulse in a scenario where it must complement the induced plasma
current. Operating at the lower beam energy reduces the restrictions due to
shinethrough and is attractive for technical reasons, but in the scenarios
examined here this results in a spatial broadening of the NBCD profile, which
may make it more challenging to achieve desired total driven-current profiles.


  A perfect structure is a triple $(M,P,S)$ of matrices $M, P$ and $S$ of
consistent sizes such that $MP = PS$. Perfect structures comprise similar
matrices, eigenvectors, perfect colorings (equitable partitions) and graph
coverings. In this paper we study general algebraic properties of perfect
structures and characterize all perfect structures with identity or unity
matrix $M$. Next, we consider a graph product generalizing most standard
products (e.g. Cartesian, tensor, normal, lexicographic graph products). For
this product we propose a construction of perfect structures and prove that it
can be reversed for eigenvectors. Finally, we apply obtained results to
calculate the spectra of several classes of graphs and to prove some properties
of perfect colorings.


  Topological magnetic textures - like skyrmions - have become a major player
in the design of next-generation magnetic storage technology due to their
stability and the control of their motion by ultra-low current densities. A
major challenge to develop this new skyrmion-based technology is to achieve the
controlled and deterministic creation of magnetic skyrmions without the need of
complex setups. We demonstrate a solution to this challenge by showing how to
create skyrmions and other magnetic textures in ferromagnetic thin films by
means of a homogeneous DC current and without requiring Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya
interactions. This is possible by exploiting a static loss of stability arising
from the interplay of current-induced spin-transfer torque and a spatially
inhomogeneous magnetization, which can be achieved, e.g., by locally
engineering the anisotropy, the magnetic field, or other magnetic interactions.
The magnetic textures are created controllably, efficiently, and periodically
with a period that can be tuned by the applied current strength. We propose
specific experimental setups realizable with simple materials, such as cobalt
based materials, to observe the periodic formation of skyrmions. We show that
adding chiral interactions will not influence the basics of the generations but
then influence the consequent dynamics with respect to the stabilization of
topological textures. Our findings allow for the production of skyrmions on
demand in simple ferromagnetic thin films by homogeneous DC currents.


  A formula for the Josephson current between two superconductors with
anisotropic pairing symmetries is derived based on the mean-field theory of
superconductivity. Zero-energy states formed at the junction interfaces is one
of basic phenomena in anisotropic superconductor junctions. In the obtained
formula, effects of the zero-energy states on the Josephson current are taken
into account through the Andreev reflection coefficients of a quasiparticle. In
low temperature regimes, the formula can describe an anomaly in the Josephson
current which is a direct consequence of the exsitence of zero-energy states.
It is possible to apply the formula to junctions consist of superconductors
with spin-singlet Cooper pairs and those with spin-triplet Cooper pairs.


  Gravitational waves have only two polarization modes in General Relativity.
However, there are six possible modes of polarization in metric theory of
gravity in general. The tests of gravitational waves polarization can be tools
for pursuing the nature of space-time structure. The observations of
gravitational waves with a world-wide network of interferometric detectors such
as Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA will make it possible to obtain the
information of gravitational wave polarization from detector signals. We study
the separability of the polarization modes for the inspiral gravitational waves
from the compact binary coalescences systematically. Unlike other waveforms
such as burst, the binary parameters need to be properly considered. We show
that the three polarization modes of the gravitational waves would be separable
with the global network of three detectors to some extent, depending on
signal-to-noise ratio and the duration of the signal. We also show that with
four detectors the three polarization modes would be more easily distinguished
by breaking a degeneracy of the polarization modes and even the four
polarization modes would be separable.


  We construct for $d\geq 2$ and $\epsilon>0$ a $d$-generated $p$-group
$\Gamma$, which in an asymptotic sense behaves almost like a $d$-generated free
pro-$p$-group. We show that a subgroup of index $p^n$ needs $(d-\epsilon)p^n$
generators, and that the subgroup growth of $\Gamma$ satisfies
$s_{p^n}(\Gamma)>s_{p^n}(F_d^p)^{1-\epsilon}$, where $F_d^p$ is the
$d$-generated free pro-$p$-group. To do so we introduce a new invariant for
finitely generated groups and study some of its basic properties.


  In this paper, we show how the combined use of low coherence interferometry,
balanced detection and data processing comparable to that used in Fourier
transform spectrometry allows us to characterize with ultimate resolutions
(sub-ppm in level, 0.2 nm in wavelength and 5 mdeg in angle) the
retro-reflection and retro-scattering response of both sides of a 2 mm thick
silica wafer.


  Volume of text based documents have been increasing day by day. Medical
documents are located within this growing text documents. In this study, the
techniques used for text classification applied on medical documents and
evaluated classification performance. Used data sets are multi class and multi
labelled. Chi Square (CHI) technique was used for feature selection also SMO,
NB, C4.5, RF and KNN algorithms was used for classification. The aim of this
study, success of various classifiers is evaluated on multi class and multi
label data sets consisting of medical documents. The first 400 features, while
the most successful in the KNN classifier, feature number 400 and after the SMO
has become the most successful classifier.


  The production of new particles at a hadron collider like the LHC is always
accompanied by QCD radiation attributable to the initial state (i.e. ISR). This
tends to complicate analyses, so ISR is normally regarded as a nuisance.
Nevertheless, we show that ISR can also be valuable, yielding information that
can help in the discovery and interpretation of physics beyond the Standard
Model. To access this information we will introduce new techniques designed to
identify ISR jets on an event-by-event basis, a process we term ISR tagging. As
a demonstration of their utility, we will apply these techniques to SUSY
di-squark (di-gluino) production to show that they can be used to identify ISR
jets in roughly 40% (15%) of the events, with a mistag rate of around 10%
(15%). We then show that, through the application of a new method which we will
introduce, knowledge of an ISR jet allows us to infer the squark (gluino) mass
to within roughly 20% of its true value.


  Let A_r be the minimal resolution of the cyclic quotient singularity
C^2/Z_{r+1}. We study the equivariant quantum cohomology ring of the n-fold
symmetric product stack [Sym^n(A_r)] of A_r. We calculate the operators of
quantum multiplication by divisor classes. Under the assumption of the
nonderogatory conjecture, these operators completely determine the ring
structure, which provides an affirmative answer to the Crepant Resolution
Conjecture on [Sym^n(A_r)] and Hilb^n(A_r). More strikingly, this allows us to
complete a tetrahedron of equivalences relating the Gromov-Witten theories of
[Sym^n(A_r)]/Hilb^n(A_r) and the relative Gromov-Witten/Donaldson-Thomas
theories of A_r x P^1.


  We consider a multi-period stochastic control problem where the multivariate
driving stochastic factor of the system has known marginal distributions but
uncertain dependence structure. To solve the problem, we propose to implement
the nonparametric adaptive robust control framework. We aim to find the optimal
control against the worst-case copulae in a sequence of shrinking uncertainty
sets which are generated from continuously observing the data. Then, we use a
stochastic gradient descent ascent algorithm to numerically handle the
corresponding high dimensional dynamic inf-sup optimization problem. We present
the numerical results in the context of utility maximization and show that the
controller benefits from knowing more information about the uncertain model.


  We predict the quantum correlations between non-interacting particles
evolving simultaneously in a disordered medium. While the particle density
follows the single-particle dynamics and exhibits Anderson localization, the
two-particle correlation develops unique features that depend on the quantum
statistics of the particles and their initial separation. On short time scales,
the localization of one particle becomes dependent on whether the other
particle is localized or not. On long time scales, the localized particles show
oscillatory correlations within the localization length. These effects can be
observed in Anderson localization of non-classical light and ultra-cold atoms.


  This letter describes the design and operation of a polymer-based third order
distributed feed-back (DFB) microfluidic dye laser. The device relies on
light-confinement in a nano-structured polymer film where an array of
nanofluidic channels is filled by capillary action with a liquid dye solution
which has a refractive index lower than that of the polymer. In combination
with a third order DFB grating, formed by the array of nanofluidic channels,
this yields a low threshold for lasing. The laser is straight-forward to
integrate on Lab-on-a-Chip micro-systems where coherent, tunable light in the
visible range is desired.


  We suggest and explore two observables which may clarify the origin of the
attenuation of semi-inclusive hadron production reported in DIS on nuclear
targets.


  The essential requirement for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is
the total protocol design to achieve a fair balance of all the critical factors
relevant to its practical realization, such as the space overhead, the
threshold, and the modularity. A major obstacle in realizing FTQC with
conventional protocols, such as those based on the surface code and the
concatenated Steane code, has been the space overhead, i.e., the required
number of physical qubits per logical qubit. Protocols based on high-rate
quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes gather considerable attention as
a way to reduce the space overhead, but problematically, the existing
fault-tolerant protocols for such quantum LDPC codes sacrifice the other
factors. Here we construct a new fault-tolerant protocol to meet these
requirements simultaneously based on more recent progress on the techniques for
concatenated codes rather than quantum LDPC codes, achieving a constant space
overhead, a high threshold, and flexibility in modular architecture designs. In
particular, under a physical error rate of $0.1\%$, our protocol reduces the
space overhead to achieve the logical CNOT error rates $10^{-10}$ and
$10^{-24}$ by more than $90 \%$ and $97 \%$, respectively, compared to the
protocol for the surface code. Furthermore, our protocol achieves the threshold
of $2.4 \%$ under a conventional circuit-level error model, substantially
outperforming that of the surface code. The use of concatenated codes also
naturally introduces abstraction layers essential for the modularity of FTQC
architectures. These results indicate that the code-concatenation approach
opens a way to significantly save qubits in realizing FTQC while fulfilling the
other essential requirements for the practical protocol design.


  With the global population on the rise, our cities have been expanding to
accommodate the growing number of people. The expansion of cities generally
leads to the engulfment of peripheral areas. However, such expansion of urban
areas is likely to cause increment in areas with increased land surface
temperature (LST). By considering each summer as a data point, we form LST
multi-year time-series and cluster it to obtain spatio-temporal pattern. We
observe several interesting phenomena from these patterns, e.g., some clusters
show reasonable similarity to the built-up area, whereas the locations with
high temporal variation are seen more in the peripheral areas. Furthermore, the
LST center of mass shifts over the years for cities with development activities
tilted towards a direction. We conduct the above-mentioned studies for three
different cities in three different continents.


  The study of the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets requires a photometric
precision, and repeatability, of one part in $\sim 10^4$. This is beyond the
original calibration plans of current observatories, hence the necessity to
disentangle the instrumental systematics from the astrophysical signals in raw
datasets. Most methods used in the literature are based on an approximate
instrument model. The choice of parameters of the model and their functional
forms can sometimes be subjective, causing controversies in the literature.
Recently, Morello et al. (2014, 2015) have developed a non-parametric
detrending method that gave coherent and repeatable results when applied to
Spitzer/IRAC datasets that were debated in the literature. Said method is based
on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) of individual pixel time-series,
hereafter "pixel-ICA". The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the
limits and advantages of pixel-ICA on a series of simulated datasets with
different instrument properties, and a range of jitter timescales and shapes,
non-stationarity, sudden change points, etc. The performances of pixel-ICA are
compared against the ones of other methods, in particular polynomial centroid
division (PCD), and pixel-level decorrelation (PLD) method (Deming et al.
2014). We find that in simulated cases pixel-ICA performs as well or better
than other methods, and it also guarantees a higher degree of objectivity,
because of its purely statistical foundation with no prior information on the
instrument systematics. The results of this paper, together with previous
analyses of Spitzer/IRAC datasets, suggest that photometric precision and
repeatability of one part in $10^4$ can be achieved with current infrared space
instruments.


  Ensemble smoothers are among the most successful and efficient techniques
currently available for history matching. However, because these methods rely
on Gaussian assumptions, their performance is severely degraded when the prior
geology is described in terms of complex facies distributions. Inspired by the
impressive results obtained by deep generative networks in areas such as image
and video generation, we started an investigation focused on the use of
autoencoders networks to construct a continuous parameterization for facies
models. In our previous publication, we combined a convolutional variational
autoencoder (VAE) with the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation
(ES-MDA) for history matching production data in models generated with
multiple-point geostatistics. Despite the good results reported in our previous
publication, a major limitation of the designed parameterization is the fact
that it does not allow applying distance-based localization during the ensemble
smoother update, which limits its application in large-scale problems.
  The present work is a continuation of this research project focusing in two
aspects: firstly, we benchmark seven different formulations, including VAE,
generative adversarial network (GAN), Wasserstein GAN, variational
auto-encoding GAN, principal component analysis (PCA) with cycle GAN, PCA with
transfer style network and VAE with style loss. These formulations are tested
in a synthetic history matching problem with channelized facies. Secondly, we
propose two strategies to allow the use of distance-based localization with the
deep learning parameterizations.


  We investigate the effects of disorder and lattice geometry against
localisation phenomena in a weakly interacting ultracold bosonic gas confined
in a 2D optical lattice. The behaviour of the quantum fluid is studied at the
mean-field level performing computational experiments, as a function of
disorder strength for lattices of sizes similar to current experiments.
Quantification of localisation, away from the Bose glass phase, was obtained
directly from the stationary density profiles through a robust statistical
analysis of the condensate component, as a function of the disorder amplitude.
Our results show a smooth transition, or crossover, to localisation induced by
disorder in square and triangular lattices. In contrast, associated to its
larger tunneling amplitude, honeycomb lattices show absence of localisation for
the same range of disorder strengths and same lattice amplitude, while also
exhibiting partial localisation for large disorder amplitudes. We also conclude
that the coordination number z have a partial influence on how fast this smooth
transition occurs as the system size increases. Signatures of disorder are also
found in the ground state energy spectrum, where a continuous distribution
emerges instead of a distribution of sharp peaks proper to the system in the
absence of disorder.


  The gyrogroup is the closest algebraic structure to the group ever
discovered. It has a binary operation $\star$ containing an identity element
such that each element has an inverse. Furthermore, for each pair $(a,b)$ of
elements of this structure there exists an automorphism $\gyr{a,b}{}$ with this
property that left associativity and left loop property are satisfied. Since
each gyrogroup is a left Bol loop, some results of Burn imply that all
gyrogroups of orders $p, 2p$ and $p^2$ are groups. The aim of this paper is to
classify gyrogroups of orders 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, and 28.


  We present the telltale signature of the tidal capture and disruption of an
object by a massive black hole in a galactic centre. As a result of the
interaction with the black hole's strong gravitational field, the object's
light curve can flare-up with characteristic time of the order of 100 sec
\times (M_{bh} / 10^6 M_{Solar}). Our simulations show that general relativity
plays a crucial role in the late stages of the encounter in two ways: (i) due
to the precession of perihelion, tidal disruption is more severe, and (ii)
light bending and aberration of light produce and enhance flares seen by a
distant observer. We present our results for the case of a tidally disrupted
Solar-type star. We also discuss the two strongest flares that have been
observed at the Galactic centre. Although the first was observed in X-rays and
the second in infra-red, they have almost identical light curves and we find it
interesting that it is possible to fit the infra-red flare with a rather simple
model of the tidally disrupted comet-like or planetary object. We discuss the
model and possible scenarios how such an event can occur.


  We present and make publicly available the second data release (DR2) of the
Keck Observatory Database of Ionized Absorption toward Quasars (KODIAQ) survey.
KODIAQ DR2 consists of a fully-reduced sample of 300 quasars at 0.07 < z_em <
5.29 observed with HIRES at high resolution (36,000 <= R <= 103,000). DR2
contains 831 spectra available in continuum normalized form, representing a sum
total exposure time of ~4.9 megaseconds on source. These co-added spectra arise
from a total of 1577 individual exposures of quasars taken from the Keck
Observatory Archive (KOA) in raw form and uniformly processed. DR2 extends DR1
by adding 130 new quasars to the sample, including additional observations of
QSOs in DR1. All new data in DR2 were obtained with the single-chip Tektronix
TK2048 CCD configuration of HIRES in operation between 1995 and 2004. DR2 is
publicly available to the community, housed as a higher level science product
at the KOA and in the igmspec database (v03).


  This paper presents a simple yet novel two-dimensional modelling approach for
approximating the coupling coefficient between neighbouring inductors as a
function of co-planar separation and relative angular displacement. The
approach employs simple geometric arguments to predict the effective magnetic
flux between inductors. Two extreme coil geometry regimes are considered;
planar coils (i.e. on printed circuit board), and solenoid coils, each with
asymmetric ferrite cores about the central magnetic plane of the inductor. The
proposed geometric approximation is used to predict the coupling coefficient
between sensors as a function of separation distance and angular displacement
and the results are validated against two-dimensional finite element modelling
results. The analytical approximations show excellent agreement with the FE
analysis, predicting comparable trends with changing separation and angular
displacement, enabling best fitting to 2D FE and 3D numerical data with a
residual standard deviation of less than 0.5\% for the planar coil
approximation. The work demonstrates the validity of the analytical
approximation for predicting coupling behaviour between neighbouring coils.
This has practical uses for the automated estimation of the physical separation
between coils, or the curvature of surfaces they are rested or adhered to.


  We introduce the Multicolored Graph Realization problem (MGRP). The input to
the problem is a colored graph $(G,\varphi)$, i.e., a graph together with a
coloring on its vertices. We can associate to each colored graph a cluster
graph ($G_\varphi)$ in which, after collapsing to a node all vertices with the
same color, we remove multiple edges and self-loops. A set of vertices $S$ is
multicolored when $S$ has exactly one vertex from each color class. The problem
is to decide whether there is a multicolored set $S$ such that, after
identifying each vertex in $S$ with its color class, $G[S]$ coincides with
$G_\varphi$.
  The MGR problem is related to the class of generalized network problems, most
of which are NP-hard. For example the generalized MST problem. MGRP is a
generalization of the Multicolored Clique Problem, which is known to be
W[1]-hard when parameterized by the number of colors. Thus MGRP remains
W[1]-hard, when parameterized by the size of the cluster graph and when
parameterized by any graph parameter on $G_\varphi$, among those for treewidth.
We look to instances of the problem in which both the number of color classes
and the treewidth of $G_\varphi$ are unbounded. We show that MGRP is
NP-complete when $G_\varphi$ is either chordal, biconvex bipartite, complete
bipartite or a 2-dimensional grid. Our hardness results follows from suitable
reductions from the 1-in-3 monotone SAT problem. Our reductions show that the
problem remains hard even when the maximum number of vertices in a color class
is 3. In the case of the grid, the hardness holds also graphs with bounded
degree. We complement those results by showing combined parameterizations under
which the MGR problem became tractable.


  We present the systematic QED treatment of the electron correlation effects
on the $g$ factor of lithiumlike ions for the wide range of nuclear charge
number $Z= 14$ -- $82$. The one- and two-photon exchange corrections are
evaluated rigorously within the QED formalism. The electron-correlation
contributions of the third and higher orders are accounted for within the Breit
approximation employing the recursive perturbation theory. The calculations are
performed in the framework of the extended Furry picture, i.e., with inclusion
of the effective local screening potential in the zeroth-order approximation.
In comparison to the previous theoretical calculations, the accuracy of the
interelectronic-interaction contributions to the bound electron $g$ factor in
lithiumlike ions is substantially improved.


  In order to obtain a reasonable phase diagram involving hole-pair
condensation for hole-doped cuprate systems, we propose a modified t-J
Hamiltonian in which a Coulomb repulsion term between nearest neighbor holes is
considered. We show from the investigation of free energy that holon pair
condensation can occur as a result of symmetry breaking. In addition, we
introduce a possibility of supersymmetry condition at $T=0K$ in the
intermediate region between the antiferromagnetic phase and the superconducting
phase.


  We consider massive half-maximal supergravity in (d+3) dimensions and
compactify it on a symmetric three space. We find that the static
configurations of Minkowski X S^3, obtained by balancing the positive scalar
potential for the dilaton and the flux of a three-form through the
three-sphere, are unstable. The resulting cosmological evolution breaks
supersymmetry and leads to an accelerated expansion in d dimensions.


  Alkali metal lines are one of the most important key opacity sources for
understanding exoplanetary atmospheres because the Na I resonance doublets are
thought to be the cause of low albedo, as the alkali metal's wide line wings
absorb almost all of the incoming stellar irradiation. High-resolution
transmission spectroscopy of Na absorption lines can be used to investigate the
temperature of the thermosphere of hot Jupiters, which is increased by stellar
X-ray and EUV irradiation. We applied high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
to the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76 b with the High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS)
on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. We report the detection of strong Na D excess
absorption with line contrasts of 0.42 $\pm$ 0.03 % (D1 at 5895.92 \r{A}) and
0.38 $\pm$ 0.04 % (D2 at 5889.95 \r{A}), FWHMs of 1.63 $\pm$ 0.13 \r{A} (D1)
and 1.87 $\pm$ 0.22 \r{A} (D2), and EWs of (7.29 $\pm$ 1.43) $\times$ 10$^{-3}$
\r{A} (D1) and (7.56 $\pm$ 2.38) $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ \r{A} (D2). These results
show that the Na D absorption lines are shallower and broader than those in
previous work, whereas the absorption signals over the same passband are
consistent with those in previous work. We derive the best-fitted isothermal
temperature of 3700 K (without rotation) and 4200 K (with rotation). These
results suggest the possibility of the existence of a thermosphere because the
derived atmospheric temperature is higher than the equilibrium temperature
($\sim$ 2160 K).


  This work investigates the probability that the delay and the peak-age of
information exceed a desired threshold in a point-to-point communication system
with short information packets. The packets are generated according to a
stationary memoryless Bernoulli process, placed in a single-server queue and
then transmitted over a wireless channel. A variable-length stop-feedback
coding scheme---a general strategy that encompasses simple automatic repetition
request (ARQ) and more sophisticated hybrid ARQ techniques as special
cases---is used by the transmitter to convey the information packets to the
receiver. By leveraging finite-blocklength results, the delay violation and the
peak-age violation probabilities are characterized without resorting to
approximations based on large-deviation theory as in previous literature.
Numerical results illuminate the dependence of delay and peak-age violation
probability on system parameters such as the frame size and the undetected
error probability, and on the chosen packet-management policy. The guidelines
provided by our analysis are particularly useful for the design of low-latency
ultra-reliable communication systems.


  We compute the twisted cohomology of the mapping class group with level
structures, coefficients being $r$-tensor power of the Prym representations for
any positive integer $r$. When $r\ge 2$, the cohomology is not stable when the
genus is large, unlike the rational cohomology of the mapping class group with
level structures. As a corollary to our computations, we prove that the Prym
representation of any finite abelian cover of a non-closed finite-type surface
is locally rigid.


  We study the computational complexity of central analysis problems for
One-Counter Markov Decision Processes (OC-MDPs), a class of finitely-presented,
countable-state MDPs. OC-MDPs are equivalent to a controlled extension of
(discrete-time) Quasi-Birth-Death processes (QBDs), a stochastic model studied
heavily in queueing theory and applied probability. They can thus be viewed as
a natural ``adversarial'' version of a classic stochastic model. Alternatively,
they can also be viewed as a natural probabilistic/controlled extension of
classic one-counter automata. OC-MDPs also subsume (as a very restricted
special case) a recently studied MDP model called ``solvency games'' that model
a risk-averse gambling scenario. Basic computational questions about these
models include ``termination'' questions and ``limit'' questions, such as the
following: does the controller have a ``strategy'' (or ``policy'') to ensure
that the counter (which may for example count the number of jobs in the queue)
will hit value 0 (the empty queue) almost surely (a.s.)? Or that it will have
infinite limsup value, a.s.? Or, that it will hit value 0 in selected terminal
states, a.s.? Or, in case these are not satisfied a.s., compute the maximum
(supremum) such probability over all strategies. We provide new upper and lower
bounds on the complexity of such problems. For some of them we present a
polynomial-time algorithm, whereas for others we show PSPACE- or BH-hardness
and give an EXPTIME upper bound. Our upper bounds combine techniques from the
theory of MDP reward models, the theory of random walks, and a variety of
automata-theoretic methods.


  Text Classification is an integral part of many Natural Language Processing
tasks such as sarcasm detection, sentiment analysis and many more such
applications. Many e-commerce websites, social-media/entertainment platforms
use such models to enhance user-experience to generate traffic and thus,
revenue on their platforms. In this paper, we are presenting our solution to
Multilingual Abusive Comment Identification Problem on Moj, an Indian
video-sharing social networking service, powered by ShareChat. The problem
dealt with detecting abusive comments, in 13 regional Indic languages such as
Hindi, Telugu, Kannada etc., on the videos on Moj platform. Our solution
utilizes the novel muBoost, an ensemble of CatBoost classifier models and
Multilingual Representations for Indian Languages (MURIL) model, to produce
SOTA performance on Indic text classification tasks. We were able to achieve a
mean F1-score of 89.286 on the test data, an improvement over baseline MURIL
model with a F1-score of 87.48.


  Gravitational analyzes in lower dimensions has become a field of active
research interest ever since Banados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) (Phys. Rev.
Lett. 69, 1849, 1992) proved the existence of a black hole solution in (2 + 1)
dimensions. The BTZ metric has inspired many investigators to develop and
analyze circularly symmetric stellar models which can be matched to the
exterior BTZ metric. We have obtained two new classes of solutions for a (2 +
1)-dimensional anisotropic star in anti-de Sitter background space-time which
have been obtained by assuming that the equation of state (EOS) describing the
material composition of the star could either be linear or non-linear in
nature. By matching the interior solution to the BTZ exterior metric with zero
spin, we have demonstrated that the solutions provided here are regular and
well-behaved at the stellar interior.


  As one of the most fascinating confined water/ice phenomena, two-dimensional
square ice has been extensively studied and experimentally confirmed in recent
years. Apart from the unidirectional homogeneous square icing patterns
considered in previous studies, the multidirectional partitioned square icing
patterns are discovered in this study and characterized by molecular dynamics
(MD) simulations. Square icing parameters are proposed to quantitatively
distinguish the partitioned patterns from the homogeneous patterns and the
liquid water. The number of graphene monolayers n is varied in this study, and
the results show that it is more energetically favorable to form partitioned
square icing patterns when the water molecules are confined between graphite
sheets (n >= 2) compared to graphene (n = 1). This phenomenon is insensitive to
n as long as n >= 2, because of the short-range nature of the interaction
between water molecules and the carbon substrate. Moreover, it is energetically
unfavorable to form partitioned square icing patterns for a single layer of
water molecules even for n >= 2, verifying that the interaction between layers
of water molecules is another dominant factor in the formation of partitioned
structures. The conversion from partitioned structure to homogenous square
patterns is investigated by changing the pressure and the temperature. Based on
the comprehensive MD simulations, this study unveils the formation mechanism of
the partitioned square icing patterns.


  We propose a numerical scheme for simulation of transient flows of
incompressible non-Newtonian fluids characterised by a non-monotone relation
between the symmetric part of the velocity gradient (shear rate) and the Cauchy
stress tensor (shear stress). The main difficulty in dealing with the governing
equations for flows of such fluids is that the non-monotone constitutive
relation allows several values of the stress to be associated with the same
value of the symmetric part of the velocity gradient. This issue is handled via
a reformulation of the governing equations. The equations are reformulated as a
system for the triple pressure-velocity-apparent viscosity, where the apparent
viscosity is given by a scalar implicit equation. We prove that the proposed
numerical scheme has---on the discrete level---a solution, and using the
proposed scheme we numerically solve several flow problems.


  Hysteresis phenomena have been observed in different branches of physics and
engineering sciences. Therefore, several models have been proposed for
hysteresis simulation in different fields; however, almost neither of them can
be utilized universally. In this paper by inspiring of Preisach Neural Network
which was inspired by the Preisach model that basically stemmed from Madelungs
rules and using the learning capability of the neural networks, an adaptive
universal model for hysteresis is introduced and called Extended Preisach
Neural Network Model. It is comprised of input, output and, two hidden layers.
The input and output layers contain linear neurons while the first hidden layer
incorporates neurons called Deteriorating Stop neurons, which their activation
function follows Deteriorating Stop operator. Deteriorating Stop operators can
generate non-congruent hysteresis loops. The second hidden layer includes
Sigmoidal neurons. Adding the second hidden layer, helps the neural network
learn non-Masing and asymmetric hysteresis loops very smoothly. At the input
layer, besides input data the rate at which input data changes, is included as
well in order to give the model the capability of learning rate-dependent
hysteresis loops. Hence, the proposed approach has the capability of the
simulation of both rate-independent and rate-dependent hysteresis with either
congruent or non-congruent loops as well as symmetric and asymmetric loops. A
new hybridized algorithm has been adopted for training the model which is based
on a combination of the Genetic Algorithm and the optimization method of
sub-gradient with space dilatation. The generality of the proposed model has
been evaluated by applying it to various hysteresis from different areas of
engineering with different characteristics. The results show that the model is
successful in the identification of the considered hystereses.


  Future detection of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos will open a new window on
physics at center-of-mass energy 10^5 GeV and higher. In particular,
observations of neutrino-initiated showers will help test the Standard Model
predictions for the neutrino-nucleon cross section.


  Directed and elliptic event anisotropy parameters measured in the experiments
at relativistic heavy-ion collider are presented. The possible origin of the
measured elliptic anisotropy parameter $v_2$ and its sensitivity to the early
phase of the high-energy heavy-ion collisions are discussed.


  We present a theoretical study of the dispersion relation of surface plasmon
resonances of mesoscopic metal-dielectric-metal microspheres. By analyzing the
solutions to Maxwell's equations, we obtain a simple geometric condition for
which the system exhibits a band of surface plasmon modes whose resonant
frequencies are weakly dependent on the multipole number. Using a modified Mie
calculation, we find that a large number of modes belonging to this
flat-dispersion band can be excited simultaneously by a plane wave, thus
enhancing the absorption cross-section. We demonstrate that the enhanced
absorption peak of the sphere is geometrically tunable over the entire visible
range.


  Although the study of ultracold quantum gases trapped by light is a prominent
direction of modern research, the quantum properties of light were widely
neglected in this field. Quantum optics with quantum gases closes this gap and
addresses phenomena, where the quantum statistical nature of both light and
ultracold matter play equally important roles. First, light can serve as a
quantum nondemolition (QND) probe of the quantum dynamics of various ultracold
particles from ultracold atomic and molecular gases to nanoparticles and
nanomechanical systems. Second, due to dynamic light-matter entanglement,
projective measurement-based preparation of the many-body states is possible,
where the class of emerging atomic states can be designed via optical geometry.
Light scattering constitutes such a quantum measurement with controllable
measurement back-action. As in cavity-based spin squeezing, atom number
squeezed and Schroedinger cat states can be prepared. Third, trapping atoms
inside an optical cavity one creates optical potentials and forces, which are
not prescribed but quantized and dynamical variables themselves. Ultimately,
cavity QED with quantum gases requires a self-consistent solution for light and
particles, which enriches the picture of quantum many-body states of atoms
trapped in quantum potentials. This will allow quantum simulations of phenomena
related to the physics of phonons, polarons, polaritons and other quantum
quasiparticles.


  In this work, we establish formally exact stochastic equations of motion
(SEOM) theory to describe the dissipative dynamics of fermionic open systems.
The construction of the SEOM is based on a stochastic decoupling of the
dissipative interaction between the system and fermionic environment, and the
influence of environmental fluctuations on the reduced system dynamics is
characterized by stochastic Grassmann fields. Meanwhile, numerical realization
of the time-dependent Grassmann fields has remained a long-standing challenge.
To solve this problem, we propose a minimal auxiliary space (MAS) mapping
scheme, with which the stochastic Grassmann fields are represented by
conventional c-number fields along with a set of pseudo-levels. This eventually
leads to a numerically feasible MAS-SEOM method. The important properties of
the MAS-SEOM are analyzed by making connection to the well-established
time-dependent perturbation theory and the hierarchical equations of motion
(HEOM) theory. The MAS-SEOM method provides a potentially promising approach
for accurate and efficient simulation of fermionic open systems at ultra-low
temperatures.


  We study the dynamics of an initially degenerate homogeneous Bose gas after
an interaction quench to the unitary regime at a magnetic Feshbach resonance.
As the cloud decays and heats, it exhibits a crossover from degenerate- to
thermal-gas behaviour, both of which are characterised by universal scaling
laws linking the particle-loss rate to the total atom number $N$. In the
degenerate and thermal regimes the per-particle loss rate is $\propto N^{2/3}$
and $N^{26/9}$, respectively. The crossover occurs at a universal kinetic
energy per particle and at a universal time after the quench, in units of
energy and time set by the gas density. By slowly sweeping the magnetic field
away from the resonance and creating a mixture of atoms and molecules, we also
map out the dynamics of correlations in the unitary gas, which display a
universal temporal scaling with the gas density, and reach a steady state while
the gas is still degenerate.


  Context. Oxygen sequence Wolf-Rayet (WO) stars represent a very rare stage in
the evolution of massive stars. Their spectra show strong emission lines of
helium-burning products, in particular highly ionized carbon and oxygen. The
properties of WO stars can be used to provide unique constraints on the
(post-)helium burning evolution of massive stars, as well as their remaining
lifetime and the expected properties of their supernovae. Aims. We aim to
homogeneously analyse the currently known presumed-single WO stars to obtain
the key stellar and outflow properties and to constrain their evolutionary
state. Methods. We use the line-blanketed non-local thermal equilibrium
atmosphere code cmfgen to model the X-Shooter spectra of the WO stars and
deduce the atmospheric parameters. We calculate dedicated evolutionary models
to determine the evolutionary state of the stars. Results. The WO stars have
extremely high temperatures that range from 150 kK to 210 kK, and very low
surface helium mass fractions that range from 44% down to 14%. Their properties
can be reproduced by evolutionary models with helium zero-age main sequence
masses of $M_{\mathrm{He, ini}} = 15-25 M_{\odot}$ that exhibit a fairly strong
(on the order of a few times $10^{-5} M_{\odot} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$), homogeneous
($f_\mathrm{c} > 0.3$) stellar wind. Conclusions. WO stars represent the final
evolutionary stage of stars with estimated initial masses of $M_{\mathrm{ini}}
= 40-60 M_{\odot}$. They are post core-helium burning and predicted to explode
as type Ic supernovae within a few thousand years.


  We show that the canonical phase measurement is pure in the sense that the
corresponding positive operator valued measure (POVM) is extremal in the convex
set of all POVMs. This means that the canonical phase measurement cannot be
interpreted as a noisy measurement, even if it is not a projection valued
measure.


  Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are thought to provide energy that prevents
catastrophic cooling in the centers of massive galaxies and galaxy clusters.
However, it remains unclear how this "feedback" process operates. We use
high-resolution optical data to study the kinematics of multi-phase filamentary
structures by measuring the velocity structure function (VSF) of the filaments
over a wide range of scales in the centers of three nearby galaxy clusters:
Perseus, Abell 2597 and Virgo. We find that the motions of the filaments are
turbulent in all three clusters studied. There is a clear correlation between
features of the VSFs and the sizes of bubbles inflated by SMBH driven jets. Our
study demonstrates that SMBHs are the main driver of turbulent gas motions in
the centers of galaxy clusters and suggests that this turbulence is an
important channel for coupling feedback to the environment. Our measured
amplitude of turbulence is in good agreement with Hitomi Doppler line
broadening measurement and X-ray surface brightness fluctuation analysis,
suggesting that the motion of the cold filaments is well-coupled to that of the
hot gas. The smallest scales we probe are comparable to the mean free path in
the intracluster medium (ICM). Our direct detection of turbulence on these
scales provides the clearest evidence to date that isotropic viscosity is
suppressed in the weakly-collisional, magnetized intracluster plasma.


  The study of two-dimensional (2D) electronic systems is of great fundamental
significance in physics. Atomic layers containing hybridized domains of
graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BNC) constitute a new kind of
disordered 2D electronic system. Magneto-electric transport measurements
performed at low temperature in vapor phase synthesized h-BNC atomic layers
show a clear and anomalous transition from an insulating to a metallic behavior
upon cooling. The observed insulator to metal transition can be modulated by
electron and hole doping and by the application of an external magnetic field.
These results supported by ab-initio calculations suggest that this transition
in h-BNC has distinctly different characteristics when compared to other 2D
electron systems and is the result of the coexistence between two distinct
mechanisms, namely, percolation through metallic graphene networks and hopping
conduction between edge states on randomly distributed insulating h-BN domains.


  We study the algebraic structure of the configuration space of the
Kodaira-Spencer gravity theory on a Calabi-Yau threefold. We then investigate
the deformation problem of the Kodaira-Spencer gravity at the classical level
using the algebraic tools obtained here.


  The problem of a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particle moving in a linear potential
field in two-dimensions is searched to obtain for nonzero energy eigenvalues
and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions. The zero-mode ($E=0$)
eigenfunctions are also studied and it is seen that they are normalizable. The
variation of the non-zero eigenfunctions and also eigenvalues are according to
the position and potential parameter $\gamma$, respectively, given in the text.


  For actions of a sofic group on probability spaces, the entropy has been
defined by Bowen, with an extension by Kerr-Li. In particular, when the action
is by homeomorphisms of a compact space preserving a given measure, Kerr-Li
show one can compute the measure-theoretic entropy in a manner which uses the
topology of the space. We show how to compute the entropy of a an action of
homeomorphisms of a Polish space preserving a given measure, also in a manner
which uses the topology of the space. We give applications to spectral
properties of actions with positive entropy, as well as for actions of
completely positive entropy.


  Global Climate Models (GCMs) provide forecasts of future climate warming
using a wide variety of highly sophisticated anthropogenic CO2 emissions models
as input, each based on the evolution of four emissions "drivers": population
p, standard of living g, energy productivity (or efficiency) f and energy
carbonization c. The range of scenarios considered is extremely broad, however,
and this is a primary source of forecast uncertainty. Here, it is shown both
theoretically and observationally how the evolution of the human system can be
considered from a surprisingly simple thermodynamic perspective in which it is
unnecessary to explicitly model two of the emissions drivers: population and
standard of living. Specifically, the human system grows through a
self-perpetuating feedback loop in which the consumption rate of primary energy
resources stays tied to the historical accumulation of global economic
production - or p times g - through a time-independent factor of 9.7 +/- 0.3
milliwatts per inflation-adjusted 1990 US dollar. This important constraint,
and the fact that f and c have historically varied rather slowly, points
towards substantially narrowed visions of future emissions scenarios for
implementation in GCMs.


  Some mechanical systems, that are modeled to have inelastic collisions,
nonetheless possess energy-conserving intermittent-contact solutions, known as
collisionless solutions. Such a solution, representing a persistent hopping or
walking across a level ground, may be important for understanding animal
locomotion or for designing efficient walking machines. So far, collisionless
motion has been analytically studied in simple two degrees of freedom (DOF)
systems, or in a system that decouples into 2-DOF subsystems in the harmonic
approximation. In this paper we extend the consideration to a N-DOF system,
recovering the known solutions as a special N = 2 case of the general
formulation. We show that in the harmonic approximation the collisionless
solution is determined by the spectrum of the system. We formulate a solution
existence condition, which requires the presence of at least one oscillating
normal mode in the most constrained phase of the motion. An application of the
developed general framework is illustrated by finding a collisionless solution
for a rocking motion of a biped with an armed standing torso.


  XDeep is an open-source Python package developed to interpret deep models for
both practitioners and researchers. Overall, XDeep takes a trained deep neural
network (DNN) as the input, and generates relevant interpretations as the
output with the post-hoc manner. From the functionality perspective, XDeep
integrates a wide range of interpretation algorithms from the
state-of-the-arts, covering different types of methodologies, and is capable of
providing both local explanation and global explanation for DNN when
interpreting model behaviours. With the well-documented API designed in XDeep,
end-users can easily obtain the interpretations for their deep models at hand
with several lines of codes, and compare the results among different
algorithms. XDeep is generally compatible with Python 3, and can be installed
through Python Package Index (PyPI). The source codes are available at:
https://github.com/datamllab/xdeep.


  We find an analytical expression for the conductance of a single electron
transistor in the regime when temperature, level spacing, and charging energy
of a grain are all of the same order. We consider the model of equidistant
energy levels in a grain in the sequential tunneling approximation. In the case
of spinless electrons our theory describes transport through a dot in the
quantum Hall regime. In the case of spin-1/2 electrons we analyze the line
shape of a peak, shift in the position of the peak's maximum as a function of
temperature, and the values of the conductance in the odd and even valleys.


  The ability of a deterministic, plastic system to learn to imitate stochastic
behavior is analyzed. Two neural networks -actually, two perceptrons- are put
to play a zero-sum game one against the other. The competition, by acting as a
kind of mutually supervised learning, drives the networks to produce an
approximation to the optimal strategy, that is to say, a random signal.


  In this paper, we discuss the various structures associated with maximally
monotone and quasidense subsets of the product of a real Banach space and its
dual. In the first half of the paper, we give four statements equivalent to the
assertion that a maximally monotone subset be quasidense, including the
statement that the set be of ``type (NI)''. Then we consider the Fitzpatrick
and Gossez extensions of a maximally monotone set to the dual. We give eight
equivalent formulations for the Fitzpatrick extension of a quasidense maximally
monotone set and prove that in, this case, the Fitzpatrick and Gossez
extensions coincide. This leads to the result that a maximally monotone set is
quasidense exactly when it is of ``type (D)''. We also give an example of a
quasidense maximally monotone set whose Fitzpatrick extension, though maximally
monotone, is not quasidense. In the final part of this paper, we prove that a
maximally monotone set is quasidense if, and only if, it is of ``type (FP)''.
The proof of ``only if'' is much simpler than the two which have been given up
to now.


  We revisit the problem of the hidden sector Landau pole in the Pyramid
Scheme. There is a fixed line in the plane of hidden sector gauge coupling and
a Yukawa coupling between the trianon fields. We postulate that the couplings
flow to this line, at a point where the hidden sector gauge coupling is close
to the strong coupling edge of its perturbative regime. Below the masses of the
heavier trianons, the model quickly flows to a confining N_F=N_C=3
supersymmetric gauge theory, as required by phenomenological considerations. We
study possible discrete R-symmetries, which guarantee, among other things, that
the basin of attraction of the fixed line has full co-dimension in the space of
R-allowed couplings. The Yukawa couplings required to get the fixed line
violate the pyrma-baryon symmetries we invoked in previous work to find a dark
matter candidate. Omitting one of them, we have a dark matter candidate, and an
acceptable RG flow down from the unification scale, if the confinement scale of
the hidden sector group is lowered from 5 to 2 TeV.


  The Jacobian conjecture over a field of characteristic zero is considered
directly in view of the nonlinear partial differential equations it is
associated with. Exploring such partial differential equations, this work
obtains broad families of polynomial maps satisfying the conjecture in all
dimensions and of arbitrarily high degrees and henceforth affirmatively and
constructively settles a reformulated multiply parametrized version of the
conjecture in all dimensions.


  Noise-induced dynamics of a prototypical bistable system with delayed
feedback is studied theoretically and numerically. For small noise and
magnitude of the feedback, the problem is reduced to the analysis of the
two-state model with transition rates depending on the earlier state of the
system. In this two-state approximation, we found analytical formulae for the
autocorrelation function, the power spectrum, and the linear response to a
periodic perturbation. They show very good agreement with direct numerical
simulations of the original Langevin equation. The power spectrum has a
pronounced peak at the frequency corresponding to the inverse delay time, whose
amplitude has a maximum at a certain noise level, thus demonstrating coherence
resonance. The linear response to the external periodic force also has maxima
at the frequencies corresponding to the inverse delay time and its harmonics.


  In a closed single-particle quantum system, spatial disorder induces Anderson
localization of eigenstates and halts wave propagation. The phenomenon is
vulnerable to interaction with environment and decoherence, that is believed to
restore normal diffusion. We demonstrate that for a class of experimentally
feasible non-Hermitian dissipators, which admit signatures of localization in
asymptotic states, quantum particle opts between diffusive and ballistic
regimes, depending on the phase parameter of dissipators, with sticking about
localization centers. In diffusive regime, statistics of quantum jumps is
non-Poissonian and has a power-law interval, a footprint of intermittent
locking in Anderson modes. Ballistic propagation reflects dispersion of an
ordered lattice and introduces a new timescale for jumps with non-monotonous
probability distribution. Hermitian dephasing dissipation makes localization
features vanish, and Poissonian jump statistics along with normal diffusion are
recovered.


  Observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) of the gamma-ray
source 4FGL J1702.7-5655, previously classified as a candidate millisecond
pulsar, show highly-significant modulation at a period of 0.2438033 days (~
5.85 hours). Further examination of the folded light curve indicates the
presence of narrow eclipses, suggesting this is a redback binary system. An
examination of the long-term properties of the modulation over 13 years of LAT
observations indicates that the orbital modulation of the gamma-rays changed
from a simple eclipse before early 2013, to a broader, more easily detected,
quasi-sinusoidal modulation. In addition, the time of the eclipse shifts to
~0.05 later in phase. This change in the orbital modulation properties is,
however, not accompanied by a significant overall change in gamma-ray flux or
spectrum. The quasi-sinusoidal component peaks ~0.5 out of phase with the
eclipse, which would indicate inferior conjunction of the compact object in the
system. Swift X-ray Telescope observations reveal a possible X-ray counterpart
within the LAT error ellipse. However, radio observations obtained with the
Australia Telescope Compact Array do not detect a source in the region. 4FGL
J1702.7-5655 appears to have changed its state in 2013, perhaps related to
changes in the intrabinary shock in the system. We discuss how the properties
of 4FGL J1702.7-5655 compare to other binary millisecond pulsars that have
exhibited orbital modulation in gamma rays.


  We give a simpler proof, via query elimination, of a result due to O'Donnell,
Saks, Schramm and Servedio, which shows a lower bound on the zero-error
randomized query complexity of a function f in terms of the maximum influence
of any variable of f. Our lower bound also applies to the two-sided error
distributional query complexity of f, and it allows an immediate extension
which can be used to prove stronger lower bounds for some functions.


  We investigate the turbulence driving mode of ionizing radiation from massive
stars on the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). We run hydrodynamical
simulations of a turbulent cloud impinged by a plane-parallel ionization front.
We find that the ionizing radiation forms pillars of neutral gas reminiscent of
those seen in observations. We quantify the driving mode of the turbulence in
the neutral gas by calculating the driving parameter $b$, which is
characterised by the relation $\sigma_s^2 = \ln({1+b^2\mathcal{M}^2})$ between
the variance of the logarithmic density contrast $\sigma_s^2$ (where $s =
\ln({\rho/\rho_0})$ with the gas density $\rho$ and its average $\rho_0$), and
the turbulent Mach number $\mathcal{M}$. Previous works have shown that
$b\sim1/3$ indicates solenoidal (divergence-free) driving and $b\sim1$
indicates compressive (curl-free) driving, with $b\sim1$ producing up to ten
times higher star formation rates than $b\sim1/3$. The time variation of $b$ in
our study allows us to infer that ionizing radiation is inherently a
compressive turbulence driving source, with a time-averaged $b\sim 0.76 \pm
0.08$. We also investigate the value of $b$ of the pillars, where star
formation is expected to occur, and find that the pillars are characterised by
a natural mixture of both solenoidal and compressive turbulent modes
($b\sim0.4$) when they form, and later evolve into a more compressive turbulent
state with $b\sim0.5$--$0.6$. A virial parameter analysis of the pillar regions
supports this conclusion. This indicates that ionizing radiation from massive
stars may be able to trigger star formation by producing predominately
compressive turbulent gas in the pillars.


  The online event selection is crucial to reject most of the events containing
uninteresting background collisions while preserving as much as possible the
interesting physical signals. The b-jet selection is part of the trigger
strategy of the ATLAS experiment and a set of dedicated triggers was
contributing to the event selection for the 2011 running. The b-jets acceptance
is increased and the background reduced by lowering jet transverse energy
thresholds at the first trigger level and applying b-tagging techniques at the
subsequent levels. Different physics channels, especially topologies containing
more than one b-jet where higher rejection factors are achieved, benefit from
using the b-jet trigger. An overview of the b-jet trigger menu and performance
on data is presented.


  Let $K$ be an algebraic function field with constant field ${\mathbb F}_q$.
Fix a place $\infty$ of $K$ of degree $\delta$ and let $A$ be the ring of
elements of $K$ that are integral outside $\infty$. We give an explicit
description of the elliptic points for the action of the Drinfeld modular group
$G=GL_2(A)$ on the Drinfeld's upper half-plane $\Omega$ and on the Drinfeld
modular curve $G\!\setminus\!\Omega$. It is known that under the {\it building
map} elliptic points are mapped onto vertices of the {\it Bruhat-Tits tree} of
$G$. We show how such vertices can be determined by a simple condition on their
stabilizers. Finally for the special case $\delta=1$ we obtain from this a
surprising free product decomposition for $PGL_2(A)$.


  The major programme for observing young, non-recycled pulsars with the Parkes
telescope has transitioned from a narrow-band system to an ultra-wideband
system capable of observing between 704 and 4032 MHz. We report here on the
initial two years of observations with this receiver. Results include
dispersion measure (DM) and Faraday rotation measure (RM) variability with
time, determined with higher precision than hitherto, flux density measurements
and the discovery of several nulling and mode changing pulsars. PSR J1703-4851
is shown to be one of a small subclass of pulsars that has a weak and a strong
mode which alternate rapidly in time. PSR J1114-6100 has the fourth highest
|RM| of any known pulsar despite its location far from the Galactic Centre. PSR
J1825-1446 shows variations in both DM and RM likely due to its motion behind a
foreground supernova remnant.