  The coupled flow-induced flapping dynamics of flexible plates in uniform
axial flows are governed by three non-dimensional numbers, namely: Reynolds
number $(Re)$, mass-ratio $(m^*)$, and non-dimensional flexural rigidity
$(K_B)$. The traditional definition of these parameters is limited to isotropic
single-layered flexible plates. However, there is a need to define these
parameters for a more generic plate of multiple isotropic layers placed on top
of each other. In this work, we derive the non-dimensional parameters for a
flexible plate of $n$-isotropic layers and validate the non-dimensional
parameters with numerical simulations. The proposed non-dimensional framework
connects the experimental, numerical, and analytical studies on single-layered
plates with the flapping dynamics of multilayered plates.


  In this paper we consider multivariate time series obtained as solution to
multidimensional nonlinear stochastic difference equations whose coefficients
are allowed to be locally degenerate and to present discontinuities. We provide
simple and easy to check sufficient conditions for the irreducibility, T-chain
regularity and geometric ergodicity of these processes and apply the results to
the BEKK-ARCH(1) models with a nonlinear autoregressive term.


  Radar targets are traditionally modelled as point target reflectors, even in
the near-field region. Yet, for radar systems operating at high carrier
frequencies and small distances, traditional radar propagation models do not
accurately model the scatterer responses. In this paper, a novel
electromagnetic-based model is thus developed for the multistatic radar
detection of a rectangular plate reflector in the near-field region. This model
is applied to an automotive scenario, in which a linear antenna array is spread
out at the front of a vehicle, and performs a radar measurement of the distance
to the back of the vehicle ahead. Based on the developed received signal model,
the maximum likelihood estimator of the range is designed. By exploiting the
near-field target model, this estimator is shown to provide a significant gain
with respect to traditional range estimators. The impact of the system and
scenario parameters, i.e. the carrier frequency, bandwidth and distance to the
target, is furthermore evaluated. This analysis shows that the radar resolution
in the near-field regime is improved at high carrier frequencies, while
saturating to the traditional bandwidth-dependent resolution in the far-field
region.


  Aims: We present neutrino light curves and energy spectra for two
representative type Ia supernova explosion models: a pure deflagration and a
delayed detonation. Methods: We calculate the neutrino flux from $\beta$
processes using nuclear statistical equilibrium abundances convoluted with
approximate neutrino spectra of the individual nuclei and the thermal neutrino
spectrum (pair+plasma). Results: Although the two considered thermonuclear
supernova explosion scenarios are expected to produce almost identical
electromagnetic output, their neutrino signatures appear vastly different,
which allow an unambiguous identification of the explosion mechanism: a pure
deflagration produces a single peak in the neutrino light curve, while the
addition of the second maximum characterizes a delayed-detonation. We
identified the following main contributors to the neutrino signal: (1) weak
electron neutrino emission from electron captures (in particular on the protons
Co55 and Ni56) and numerous beta-active nuclei produced by the thermonuclear
flame and/or detonation front, (2) electron antineutrinos from positron
captures on neutrons, and (3) the thermal emission from pair annihilation. We
estimate that a pure deflagration supernova explosion at a distance of 1 kpc
would trigger about 14 events in the future 50 kt liquid scintillator detector
and some 19 events in a 0.5 Mt water Cherenkov-type detector. Conclusions:
While in contrast to core-collapse supernovae neutrinos carry only a very small
fraction of the energy produced in the thermonuclear supernova explosion, the
SN Ia neutrino signal provides information that allows us to unambiguously
distinguish between different possible explosion scenarios. These studies will
become feasible with the next generation of proposed neutrino observatories.


  The generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe is considered in the
standard model of the electroweak theory with simple extensions of the Higgs
sector. The propagation of quarks of masses up to about 5 GeV are considered,
taking into account their markedly different dispersion relations due to
propagation through the hot electroweak plasma. It is shown that the
contribution of these lighter quarks to the baryon asymmetry can be comparable
to that for the t quark considered earlier.


  We find exact spherically symmetric solution of 4d nonlinear bosonic
higher-spin gauge theory, that preserves a quarter of supersymmetries of N=2
supersymmetric 4d higher-spin gauge theory. In the weak field regime it
describes $AdS_4$ Schwarzschild black hole in the spin two sector along with
non-zero massless fields of all integer spins.


  The early stages of high energy heavy ion collisions are studied in the Color
Glass Condensate framework, with a real-time classical lattice simulation. When
increasing the coupling constant, we observe a rapid increase of the ratio of
longitudinal to transverse pressure. The transient regime that precedes this
behavior is of the order of 1 fm/c.


  Many vision based applications have used fingertips to track or manipulate
gestures in their applications. Gesture identification is a natural way to pass
the signals to the machine, as the human express its feelings most of the time
with hand expressions. Here a novel time efficient algorithm has been described
for fingertip detection. This method is invariant to hand direction and in
preprocessing it cuts only hand part from the full image, hence further
computation would be much faster than processing full image. Binary silhouette
of the input image is generated using HSV color space based skin filter and
hand cropping done based on intensity histogram of the hand image


  We study the natural inclusion of the space of Legendrian embeddings in
$(\mathbb{S}^3,\xi_{\operatorname{std}})$ into the space of smooth embeddings
from a homotopical viewpoint.
  T. K\'alm\'an posed in [Kal] the open question of whether for every fixed
knot type $\mathcal{K}$ and Legendrian representative $\mathcal{L}$, the
homomorphism $\pi_1(\mathcal{L})\to\pi_1(\mathcal{K})$ is surjective. We
positively answer this question for infinitely many knot types $\mathcal{K}$ in
the three main families (hyperbolic, torus and satellites) and every stabilised
Legendrian representative in $(\mathbb{S}^3,\xi_{\operatorname{std}})$.
  We then show that for every $n\geq 3$, the homomorphisms
$\pi_n(\mathcal{L})\to\pi_n(\mathcal{K})$ and
$\pi_n(\mathcal{FL})\to\pi_n(\mathcal{K})$ are never surjective for any knot
type $\mathcal K$, Legendrian representative $\mathcal L$ or formal Legendrian
representative $\mathcal{FL}$. This shows the existence of rigidity at every
higher-homotopy level beyond $\pi_3$. For completeness, we also show that
surjectivity at the $\pi_2$-level depends on the smooth knot type.


  We describe the effect of the differential operators defined by
Boecherer-Nagaoka, Flander-Ghitza and Yamauchi on the Galois representations
(conjecturally) attached to Siegel modular eigenforms.


  We prove that every family of coverings of any infinite-area, convex
cocompact hyperbolic surface has uniform spectral gap, provided that the
associated Schreier graphs form a family of two-sided expanders. This extends
the results of Brooks, Burger, and Bourgain-Gamburd-Sarnak to a setting where
the Laplacian has no $L^2$-eigenvalues. In particular, the notion of spectral
gap needs to be redefined in terms of the resonances of the Laplacian. As an
immediate corollary, we obtain uniform spectral gap for congruence covers of
convex cocompact surfaces, a result previously established by Oh-Winter and
Bourgain-Kontorovich-Magee. Moreover, given any convex cocompact hyperbolic
surface $X$, we provide a new "universal" resonance-free region for $X$, by
which we mean a region in the complex plane that contains no resonances for any
finite cover of $X$. This enlarges the universal resonance-free region given by
Magee-Naud. Our methods rely on the thermodynamic formalism for twisted Selberg
zeta functions.


  It is believed that superselection rules in quantum mechanics can restrict
the possible operation on a qbit. If this was true, the model used by Mayers
for the impossibility of bit commitment and by Kitaev for the impossibility of
coin flipping would be inadequate. We explain why this is not the case. We show
that a charge superselection rule implies no restriction on the operations that
can be executed on any individual qbit.


  In the presence of feedback control by "Maxwell's demon," the second law of
thermodynamics and the nonequilibrium equalities such as the Jarzynski equality
need to be generalized. In this paper, we derive the generalized Jarzynski
equalities for classical Hamiltonian dynamics based on the Liouville's theorem,
which is the same approach as the original proof of the Jarzynski equality
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2690 (1997)]. The obtained equalities lead to the
generalizations of the second law of thermodynamics for the Hamiltonian systems
in the presence of feedback control.


  Methods of solving big Boolean equations can be broadly classified as
algebraic, tabular, numerical and map methods. The most prominent among these
classes are the algebraic and map methods. This paper surveys and compares
these two types of methods as regards simplicity, efficiency, and usability.
The paper identifies the main types of solutions of Boolean equations as
subsumptive general solutions, parametric general solutions and particular
solutions. In a subsumptive general solution, each of the variables is
expressed as an interval based on successive conjunctive or disjunctive
eliminants of the original function. In a parametric general solution each of
the variables is expressed via arbitrary parameters which are freely chosen
elements of the underlying Boolean algebra. A particular solution is an
assignment from the underlying Boolean algebra to every pertinent variable that
makes the Boolean equation an identity. The paper offers a tutorial exposition,
review, and comparison of the three types of solutions by way of an
illustrative example. This example is also viewed from the perspective of a
recently developed technique that relies on atomic decomposition. Map
techniques are demonstrated to be at least competitive with (and occasionally
superior to) algebraic techniques, since they have a better control on the
minimality of the pertinent function representations, and hence are more
capable of producing more compact solutions.


  The submonoid of the $3$-strand braid group $\mathcal{B}_3$ generated by
$\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_1 \sigma_2$ is known to yield an exotic Garside
structure on $\mathcal{B}_3$. We introduce and study an infinite family
$(M_n)_{n\geq 1}$ of Garside monoids generalizing this exotic Garside
structure, i.e., such that $M_2$ is isomorphic to the above monoid. The
corresponding Garside group $G(M_n)$ is isomorphic to the $(n,n+1)$-torus knot
group-which is isomorphic to $\mathcal{B}_3$ for $n=2$ and to the braid group
of the exceptional complex reflection group $G_{12}$ for $n=3$. This yields a
new Garside structure on $(n,n+1)$-torus knot groups, which already admit
several distinct Garside structures.
  The $(n,n+1)$-torus knot group is an extension of $\mathcal{B}_{n+1}$, and
the Garside monoid $M_n$ surjects onto the submonoid $\Sigma_n$ of
$\mathcal{B}_{n+1}$ generated by $\sigma_1, \sigma_1 \sigma_2, \dots, \sigma_1
\sigma_2\cdots \sigma_n$, which is not a Garside monoid when $n>2$. Using a new
presentation of $\mathcal{B}_{n+1}$ that is similar to the presentation of
$G(M_n)$, we nevertheless check that $\Sigma_n$ is an Ore monoid with group of
fractions isomorphic to $\mathcal{B}_{n+1}$, and give a conjectural
presentation of it, similar to the defining presentation of $M_n$. This
partially answers a question of Dehornoy-Digne-Godelle-Krammer-Michel.


  Performing reliable Bayesian inference on a big data scale is becoming a
keystone in the modern era of machine learning. A workhorse class of methods to
achieve this task are Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms and their
design to handle distributed datasets has been the subject of many works.
However, existing methods are not completely either reliable or computationally
efficient. In this paper, we propose to fill this gap in the case where the
dataset is partitioned and stored on computing nodes within a cluster under a
master/slaves architecture. We derive a user-friendly centralised distributed
MCMC algorithm with provable scaling in high-dimensional settings. We
illustrate the relevance of the proposed methodology on both synthetic and real
data experiments.


  We present optical and near-IR photometry of 96 dusty, far-IR luminous
galaxies. We have precise spectroscopic redshifts for all these galaxies
yielding a median redshift of z=2.2. The majority, 78, are submm-detected
galaxies lying at z=0.2-3.6, while the remaining 18 are optically-faint uJy
radio galaxies at z=0.9-3.4 which are proposed to be similarly luminous, dusty
galaxies whose dust emission is too hot to be detected in the submm. We compare
the photometric and morphological properties of these distant, ultraluminous
galaxies to local samples. We confirm that spectroscopically-identified far-IR
luminous galaxies at z>1 display a wide variety in their optical-near-IR and
near-IR colors, with only a modest proportion red enough to classify as
unusually red. We show that on average luminous, high-z dusty galaxies are both
brighter and redder in restframe optical passbands than UV-selected
star-forming galaxies at similar z. HST ACS imaging of 20 sources demonstrates
both indications of mergers and interactions, which may have triggered their
activity, and structured dust within these galaxies. We derive a near-IR Hubble
diagram for far-IR luminous galaxies, showing that they are typically fainter
than high luminosity radio galaxies at similar z and exhibit more scatter in
their K-band magnitudes. The typical extinction-corrected optical luminosity of
the high-z population, assuming passive evolution, provides a good fit to the
bright end of the luminosity function of luminous spheroidal galaxies seen in
rich clusters at z<1. This adds to the growing evidence that these high z,
far-infrared luminous sources identify star-formation and AGN fueling events in
the early life of massive galaxies. [Abridged]


  Argonium has recently been detected as a ubiquitous molecule in our Galaxy.
Model calculations indicate that its abundance peaks at molecular fractions in
the range of 1E-4 to 1E-3 and that the observed column densities require high
values of the cosmic ray ionization rate. Therefore, this molecular cation may
serve as an excellent tracer of the very diffuse interstellar medium (ISM), as
well as an indicator of the cosmic ray ionization rate. We attempted to detect
ArH+ in extragalactic sources to evaluate its diagnostic power as a tracer of
the almost purely atomic ISM in distant galaxies. We obtained ALMA observations
of a foreground galaxy at z = 0.89 in the direction of the lensed blazar PKS
1830-211. Two isotopologs of argonium, 36ArH+ and 38ArH+, were detected in
absorption along two different lines of sight toward PKS 1830-211, known as the
SW and NE images of the background blazar. The argonium absorption is clearly
enhanced on the more diffuse line of sight (NE) compared to other molecular
species. The isotopic ratio 36Ar/38Ar is 3.46 +- 0.16 toward the SW image,
i.e., significantly lower than the solar value of 5.5. Our results demonstrate
the suitability of argonium as a tracer of the almost purely atomic, diffuse
ISM in high-redshift sources. The evolution of the isotopic ratio with redshift
may help to constrain nucleosynthetic scenarios in the early Universe.


  Theoretical considerations motivate us to consider vacuum energy to be able
to decay and to assume that the spatial geometry of the universe is closed.
Combining both aspects leads to the possibility that the universe, or certain
regions thereof, can collapse and subsequently undergo a curvature bounce. This
may have occurred in the very early universe, in a pre-inflationary phase. We
discuss the construction of the corresponding no-boundary instantons and show
that they indeed reproduce a bouncing history of the universe, interestingly
with a small and potentially observable departure from classicality during the
contracting phase. Such an early bouncing history receives a large weighting
and provides competition for a more standard inflationary branch of the wave
function. Curvature bounces may also occur in the future. We discuss the
conditions under which they may take place, allowing for density fluctuations
in the matter distribution in the universe. Overall, we find that curvature
bounces require a delicate combination of matter content and initial conditions
to occur, though with significant consequences if these conditions are met.


  Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) is a popular
evaluation metric for binary classifiers. In this paper, we discuss techniques
to segment the AUC-ROC along human-interpretable dimensions. AUC-ROC is not an
additive/linear function over the data samples, therefore such segmenting the
overall AUC-ROC is different from tabulating the AUC-ROC of data segments. To
segment the overall AUC-ROC, we must first solve an \emph{attribution} problem
to identify credit for individual examples.
  We observe that AUC-ROC, though non-linear over examples, is linear over
\emph{pairs} of examples. This observation leads to a simple, efficient
attribution technique for examples (example attributions), and for pairs of
examples (pair attributions). We automatically slice these attributions using
decision trees by making the tree predict the attributions; we use the notion
of honest estimates along with a t-test to mitigate false discovery.
  Our experiments with the method show that an inferior model can outperform a
superior model (trained to optimize a different training objective) on the
inferior model's own training objective, a manifestation of Goodhart's Law. In
contrast, AUC attributions enable a reasonable comparison. Example attributions
can be used to slice this comparison. Pair attributions are used to categorize
pairs of items -- one positively labeled and one negatively -- that the model
has trouble separating. These categories identify the decision boundary of the
classifier and the headroom to improve AUC.


  One of the main challenges hampering an accurate measurement of the double
parton scattering (DPS) cross sections is the difficulty in separating the DPS
from the leading twist (LT) contributions. We argue that such a separation can
be achieved, and cross section of DPS measured, by exploiting the different
centrality dependence of DPS and LT processes in proton-nucleus scattering. We
developed a Monte Carlo implementation of the DPS processes which includes
realistic nucleon-nucleon (NN) correlations in nuclei, an accurate description
of transverse geometry of both hard and soft NN collisions as well as
fluctuations of the strength of interaction of nucleon with nucleus (color
fluctuation effects). Our method allows the calculation of probability
distributions of single and double dijet events as a function of centrality,
also distinguishing double hard scatterings originating from a single target
nucleon and from two different nucleons. We present numerical results for the
rate of DPS as a function of centrality, which relates the number of wounded
nucleons and the sum of transverse energy of hadrons produced at large negative
(along the nucleus direction) rapidities, which is experimentally measurable.
We suggest a new quantity which allows to test the geometry of DPS and we argue
that it is a universal function of centrality for different DPS processes. This
quantity can be tested by analyzing existing LHC data. The method developed in
this work can be extended to the search for triple parton interactions.


  We consider the process of opinion formation, in a society where there is a
set of rules, $B$. These rules change over time due to the drift of public
opinion, driven in part by publicity campaigns. Public opinion is formed by the
integration of the voters' attitudes which can be either conservative (in
agreement with $B$) or liberal (in agreement with peer voters). These attitudes
are represented in the phase space of the system by stable fixed points. In the
present letter we study the properties that an official publicity campaign must
have in order to turn the public opinion in favor of $B.$


  This paper studies delayed stochastic algorithms for weakly convex
optimization in a distributed network with workers connected to a master node.
Recently, Xu et al. 2022 showed that an inertial stochastic subgradient method
converges at a rate of $\mathcal{O}(\tau_{\text{max}}/\sqrt{K})$ which depends
on the maximum information delay $\tau_{\text{max}}$. In this work, we show
that the delayed stochastic subgradient method ($\texttt{DSGD}$) obtains a
tighter convergence rate which depends on the expected delay $\bar{\tau}$.
Furthermore, for an important class of composition weakly convex problems, we
develop a new delayed stochastic prox-linear ($\texttt{DSPL}$) method in which
the delays only affect the high-order term in the complexity rate and hence,
are negligible after a certain number of $\texttt{DSPL}$ iterations. In
addition, we demonstrate the robustness of our proposed algorithms against
arbitrary delays. By incorporating a simple safeguarding step in both methods,
we achieve convergence rates that depend solely on the number of workers,
eliminating the effect of the delay. Our numerical experiments further confirm
the empirical superiority of our proposed methods.


  Objective: To create a commons for infectious disease (ID) epidemiology in
which epidemiologists, public health officers, data producers, and software
developers can not only share data and software, but receive assistance in
improving their interoperability. Materials and Methods: We represented 586
datasets, 54 software, and 24 data formats in OWL 2 and then used logical
queries to infer potentially interoperable combinations of software and
datasets, as well as statistics about the FAIRness of the collection. We
represented the objects in DATS 2.2 and a software metadata schema of our own
design. We used these representations as the basis for the Content, Search,
FAIR-o-meter, and Workflow pages that constitute the MIDAS Digital Commons.
Results: Interoperability was limited by lack of standardization of input and
output formats of software. When formats existed, they were human-readable
specifications (22/24; 92%); only 3 formats (13%) had machine-readable
specifications. Nevertheless, logical search of a triple store based on named
data formats was able to identify scores of potentially interoperable
combinations of software and datasets. Discussion: We improved the findability
and availability of a sample of software and datasets and developed metrics for
assessing interoperability. The barriers to interoperability included poor
documentation of software input/output formats and little attention to
standardization of most types of data in this field. Conclusion: Centralizing
and formalizing the representation of digital objects within a commons promotes
FAIRness, enables its measurement over time and the identification of
potentially interoperable combinations of data and software.


  We present theoretical results for $(\gamma, \pi^0 \pi^0)$ production on
nucleons and nuclei in the kinematical region where the scalar isoscalar $\pi
\pi$ amplitude is influenced by the $\sigma$ pole. The final state interaction
of the pions modified by the nuclear medium produces a spectacular shift of
strength of the two pion invariant mass distribution induced by the moving of
the $\sigma$ pole to lower masses and widths as the nuclear density increases.


  Teaching machines to accomplish tasks by conversing naturally with humans is
challenging. Currently, developing task-oriented dialogue systems requires
creating multiple components and typically this involves either a large amount
of handcrafting, or acquiring costly labelled datasets to solve a statistical
learning problem for each component. In this work we introduce a neural
network-based text-in, text-out end-to-end trainable goal-oriented dialogue
system along with a new way of collecting dialogue data based on a novel
pipe-lined Wizard-of-Oz framework. This approach allows us to develop dialogue
systems easily and without making too many assumptions about the task at hand.
The results show that the model can converse with human subjects naturally
whilst helping them to accomplish tasks in a restaurant search domain.


  Let $M$ and $N$ be doubly connected
  Riemann surfaces with $\mathscr{C}^{1,\alpha}$ boundaries and with
nonvanishing conformal metrics $\sigma$ and $\wp$ respectively, and assume that
$\wp$ is a smooth metric with bounded Gauss curvature $\mathcal{K}$ and finite
area. Assume that ${\Ho}_\rho(M, N)$ is the class of all $\mathscr{W}^{1,2}$
bomeomorphisms between $M$ and $N$ and assume that $\mathcal{E}^\wp:
\overline{\Ho}_\rho(M, N)\to \mathbf{R}$ is the Dirichlet-energy functional,
where $\overline{\Ho}_\rho(M, N)$ is the closure of ${\Ho}_\rho(M, N)$ in
$\mathscr{W}^{1,2}(M,N)$. By using a result of Iwaniec, Kovalev and Onninen in
\cite{duke} that the minimizer, is locally Lipschitz, we prove that the
minimizer, of the energy functional $\mathcal{E}^\wp$, which is not a
diffeomorphism in general, is a globally Lipschitz mapping of $M$ onto $N$.


  We explain Poisson learning on graph-based semi-supervised learning to see if
it could avoid the problem of global information loss problem as Laplace-based
learning methods on large graphs. From our analysis, Poisson learning is simply
Laplace regularization with thresholding, cannot overcome the problem.


  In many real life problems, objects are described by large number of binary
features. For instance, documents are characterized by presence or absence of
certain keywords; cancer patients are characterized by presence or absence of
certain mutations etc. In such cases, grouping together similar
objects/profiles based on such high dimensional binary features is desirable,
but challenging. Here, I present a Bayesian non parametric algorithm for
clustering high dimensional binary data. It uses a Dirichlet Process (DP)
mixture model and simulated annealing to not only cluster binary data, but also
find optimal number of clusters in the data. The performance of the algorithm
was evaluated and compared with other algorithms using simulated datasets. It
outperformed all other clustering methods that were tested in the simulation
studies. It was also used to cluster real datasets arising from document
analysis, handwritten image analysis and cancer research. It successfully
divided a set of documents based on their topics, hand written images based on
different styles of writing digits and identified tissue and mutation
specificity of chemotherapy treatments.


  Neutrino fast pairwise conversions have been postulated to occur in the dense
core of a core-collapse supernova (SN), possibly having dramatic consequences
on the SN mechanism and the observable neutrino signal. One crucial condition
favoring pairwise conversions is the presence of crossings between the electron
neutrino and antineutrino angular distributions (i.e., electron neutrino lepton
number crossings, ELN crossings). A stationary and spherically symmetric SN
toy-model is constructed to reproduce the development of the neutrino angular
distributions in the dense SN core in the absence of perturbations induced by
hydrodynamical instabilities. By iteratively solving the neutrino Boltzmann
equations including the collisional term, our model predicts that ELN crossings
can develop only in the proximity of the decoupling region and for a sharp
radial evolution of the baryon density, when the electron neutrino and
antineutrino number densities are comparable. Such conditions are likely to
occur only in the late SN stages. Interestingly, flavor instabilities induced
by spatial or temporal perturbations are unlikely to generate ELN crossings
dynamically within our simplified setup.


  We study the symmetries and geodesics of an infinite translation surface
which arises as a limit of translation surfaces built from regular polygons,
studied by Veech. We find the affine symmetry group of this infinite
translation surface, and we show that this surface admits a deformation into
other surfaces with topologically equivalent affine symmetries. The geodesics
on these new surfaces are combinatorially the same as the geodesics on the
original.


  Einsiedler, Mozes, Shah and Shapira [Compos. Math. 152 (2016), 667-692] prove
an equidistribution theorem for rational points on expanding horospheres in the
space of d-dimensional Euclidean lattices, with d>2. Their proof exploits
measure classification results, but provides no insight into the rate of
convergence. We pursue here an alternative approach, based on harmonic analysis
and Weil's bound for Kloosterman sums, which in dimension d=3 yields an
effective estimate on the rate of convergence.


  In class-incremental learning, a model learns continuously from a sequential
data stream in which new classes occur. Existing methods often rely on static
architectures that are manually crafted. These methods can be prone to capacity
saturation because a neural network's ability to generalize to new concepts is
limited by its fixed capacity. To understand how to expand a continual learner,
we focus on the neural architecture design problem in the context of
class-incremental learning: at each time step, the learner must optimize its
performance on all classes observed so far by selecting the most competitive
neural architecture. To tackle this problem, we propose Continual Neural
Architecture Search (CNAS): an autoML approach that takes advantage of the
sequential nature of class-incremental learning to efficiently and adaptively
identify strong architectures in a continual learning setting. We employ a task
network to perform the classification task and a reinforcement learning agent
as the meta-controller for architecture search. In addition, we apply network
transformations to transfer weights from previous learning step and to reduce
the size of the architecture search space, thus saving a large amount of
computational resources. We evaluate CNAS on the CIFAR-100 dataset under varied
incremental learning scenarios with limited computational power (1 GPU).
Experimental results demonstrate that CNAS outperforms architectures that are
optimized for the entire dataset. In addition, CNAS is at least an order of
magnitude more efficient than naively using existing autoML methods.


  The smoothed correlation function for the eigenvalues of large hermitian
matrices, derived recently by Brezin and Zee [Nucl. Phys. B402 (1993) 613], is
generalized to all random-matrix ensembles of Wigner-Dyson type. Submitted to
Nuclear Physics B[FS].


  We study the impact of the capture and annihilation of Weakly Interacting
Massive Particles (WIMPs) on the evolution of Pop III stars. With a suitable
modification of the Geneva stellar evolution code, we study the evolution of 20
and 200 M$_\odot$ stars in Dark Matter Haloes with densities between 10$^{8}$
and $10^{11}$ GeV/cm$^3$ during the core H-burning phase, and, for selected
cases, until the end of the core He-burning phase. We find that for WIMP
densities higher than 5.3 $10^{10}(\sigma^{SD}_p/10^{-38} {cm}^2)^{-1}$ GeV
cm$^{-3}$ the core H-burning lifetime of $20 M_{\odot}$ and $200 M_{\odot}$
stars exceeds the age of the Universe, and stars are sustained only by WIMP
annihilations. We determine the observational properties of these `frozen`
objects and show that they can be searched for in the local Universe thanks to
their anomalous mass-radius relation, which should allow unambiguous
discrimination from normal stars.


  Learning about density functional approximations (DFAs), or approximations
for the exchange-correlation functional, can be intimidating. Density
Functional Theory is now one of the primary simulation tools for the practicing
chemist or materials scientist, and its accuracy relies upon an appropriate
choice of DFA. Over the past decades, there has been extensive research effort
to find better DFAs, and there is now a large body of literature to read
through for someone learning about DFAs for the first time. In this brief
report, I share an analysis that suggests which functionals and publications
have been the most influential, as a potential reading list to new scientists
in this area. Here, "influential" is defined as "likely to have informed the
design of another functional," and not simply a measure of number of citations,
or how much that functional has been used for practical applications. This
analysis is not claimed to be complete.


  We develop the intersection theory at relative chain-cochain level, and apply
it along with the use of Seifert disks for an oriented link to give a
combinatorial algorithm to compute Massey's higher order linking numbers. It is
subtle to compute higher-order linking numbers, and it has been a folklore to
use the intersection theory in the process, which was first suggested by W.
Massey. Massey introduced the higher-order linking as an application of his
higher-order cohomology operations defined in terms of suitable cochains, and
he calculated the third-order linking numbers for some 3-component links by
shifting from cohomology and cup product to homology and intersection theory
via duality theorems for manifolds. Later several works along this direction
gave methods in various forms for computing the higher-order linking numbers,
and others computed Milnor's invariants by using their well-known connection to
Massey invariants; but a formal derivation of the general formulae in
intersection theory which are used for the computation has not yet been given,
and a concrete algorithm for the computation is hence lacking. In this paper we
complete Massey's original approach by developing systematically the
intersection theory at the relative chain-cochain level in the simplicial
category, and use it to derive recursive combinatorial formulae for computing
all higher-order linking numbers.


  Let $S_n$ be the symmetric group on $n$ points. Deza and Frankl [M. Deza and
P. Frankl, On the maximum number of permutations with given maximal or minimal
distance, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 22 (1977) 352--360] proved that if ${\cal
F}$ is an intersecting set in $S_n$ then $|{\cal F}|\leq(n-1)!$. In this paper
we consider the $q$-analogue version of this result. Let $\mathbb{F}_q^n$ be
the $n$-dimensional row vector space over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ and
$GL_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$ the general linear group of degree $n$. A set ${\cal
F}_q\subseteq GL_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$ is {\it intersecting} if for any $T,S\in{\cal
F}_q$ there exists a non-zero vector $\alpha\in \mathbb{F}_q^n$ such that
$\alpha T=\alpha S$. Let ${\cal F}_q$ be an intersecting set in
$GL_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$. We show that $|{\cal F}_q|\leq
q^{(n-1)n/2}\prod_{i=1}^{n-1}(q^i-1)$.


  In the stability analysis of large-scale interconnected systems it is
frequently desirable to be able to determine a decay point of the gain
operator, i.e., a point whose image under the monotone operator is strictly
smaller than the point itself. The set of such decay points plays a crucial
role in checking, in a semi-global fashion, the local input-to-state stability
of an interconnected system and in the numerical construction of a LISS
Lyapunov function. We provide a homotopy algorithm that computes a decay point
of a monotone op- erator. For this purpose we use a fixed point algorithm and
provide a function whose fixed points correspond to decay points of the
monotone operator. The advantage to an earlier algorithm is demonstrated.
Furthermore an example is given which shows how to analyze a given perturbed
interconnected system.


  We present spectral variations of the binary X-ray pulsar LMC X-4 using the
RXTE/PCA observations at different phases of its 30.5 day long super-orbital
period. Only out of eclipse data were used for this study. During the high
state of the super-orbital period of LMC X-4, the spectrum is well described by
a high energy cut-off power-law with a photon index in the range of 0.7-1.0 and
an iron emission line. In the low state, the spectrum is found to be flatter
with power-law photon index in the range 0.5-0.7. A direct correlation is
detected between the continuum flux in 7-25 keV energy band and the iron
emission line flux. The equivalent width of the iron emission line is found to
be highly variable during low intensity state, whereas it remains almost
constant during the high intensity state of the super-orbital period. It is
observed that the spectral variations in LMC X-4 are similar to those of Her
X-1 (using RXTE/PCA data). These results suggest that the geometry of the
region where the iron line is produced and its visibility with respect to the
phase of the super-orbital period is similar in LMC X-4 and Her X-1. A
remarkable difference between these two systems is a highly variable absorption
column density with phase of the super-orbital period that is observed in Her
X-1 but not in LMC X-4.


  It is shown that CH implies the existence of a compact Hausdorff space that
is countable dense homogeneous, crowded and does not contain topological copies
of the Cantor set. This contrasts with a previous result by the author which
says that for any crowded Hausdorff space $X$ of countable $\pi$-weight, if
${}^\omega{X}$ is countable dense homogeneous, then $X$ must contain a
topological copy of the Cantor set.


  With the recent interest in the measured and standard model values of the
muon anomalous magnetic moment, a_mu, some confusion has arisen concerning our
knowledge of the hadronic contribution to a_mu. In the dispersion integral
approach to hadronic vacuum polarization effects, low energy contributions must
be evaluated from data or in a model-dependent approach tested by data. At
higher energies perturbative QCD has been used, sometimes in conjunction with
data. The history of such evaluations is reviewed, and the prospects for
further improvement are discussed. We conclude that not all published
evaluations are on an equal footing or up-to-date. One must critically examine
which, and how much information went into each analysis in order to determine
which are more complete, and reliable.


  Using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent-potential approximation in the
atomic-sphere approximation (KKR-ASA CPA) we have studied the changes in the
electronic structure and the superconducting transition temperature T_{c} in
Nb_{1-x}B_{2} alloys as a function of x. We find that the variation in the
electronic structure of Nb_{1-x}B_{2} alloys as a function of x is consistent
with the rigid-band model. However, the variation of T_{c}, obtained using the
Allen-Dynes equation within the Gaspari-Gyorffy formalism to estimate the
electron-phonon matrix elements, does not follow the expected trend. We
associate this disagreement to the use of a constant \omega_{rms} in the
Allen-Dynes equation over the whole range of vacancy concentration, thereby
indicating the importance of lattice dynamical effects in these systems.


  Recent observation studies have revealed that earthquakes are classified into
several different categories. Each category might be characterized by the
unique statistical feature in the time series, but the present understanding is
still limited due to their nonlinear and nonstationary nature. Here we utilize
complex network theory to shed new light on the statistical properties of
earthquake time series. We investigate two kinds of time series, which are
magnitude and inter-event time (IET), for three different categories of
earthquakes: regular earthquakes, earthquake swarms, and tectonic tremors.
Following the criterion of visibility graph, earthquake time series are mapped
into a complex network by considering each seismic event as a node and
determining the links. As opposed to the current common belief, it is found
that the magnitude time series are not statistically equivalent to random time
series. The IET series exhibit correlations similar to fractional Brownian
motion for all the categories of earthquakes. Furthermore, we show that the
time series of three different categories of earthquakes can be distinguished
by the topology of the associated visibility graph. Analysis on the
assortativity coefficient also reveals that the swarms are more intermittent
than the tremors.


  Slow-motion replays provide a thrilling perspective on pivotal moments within
sports games, offering a fresh and captivating visual experience. However,
capturing slow-motion footage typically demands high-tech, expensive cameras
and infrastructures. Deep learning Video Frame Interpolation (VFI) techniques
have emerged as a promising avenue, capable of generating high-speed footage
from regular camera feeds. Moreover, the utilization of event-based cameras has
recently gathered attention as they provide valuable motion information between
frames, further enhancing the VFI performances. In this work, we present a
first investigation of event-based VFI models for generating sports slow-motion
videos. Particularly, we design and implement a bi-camera recording setup,
including an RGB and an event-based camera to capture sports videos, to
temporally align and spatially register both cameras. Our experimental
validation demonstrates that TimeLens, an off-the-shelf event-based VFI model,
can effectively generate slow-motion footage for sports videos. This first
investigation underscores the practical utility of event-based cameras in
producing sports slow-motion content and lays the groundwork for future
research endeavors in this domain.


  The level-spacing distributions of XXZ spin chains with next-nearest-neighbor
couplings are studied under periodic boundary conditions. We confirm that
integrable XXZ spin chains mostly have the Poisson distribution as expected. On
the contrary, the level-spacing distributions of next-nearest-neighbor coupled
XXZ chains are given by non-Wigner distributions. It is against the
expectations, since the models are nonintegrable.


  We show that for every injective continuous map f: S^2 --> R^3 there are four
distinct points in the image of f such that the convex hull is a tetrahedron
with the property that two opposite edges have the same length and the other
four edges are also of equal length. This result represents a partial result
for the topological Borsuk problem for R^3. Our proof of the geometrical claim,
via Fadell-Husseini index theory, provides an instance where arguments based on
group cohomology with integer coefficients yield results that cannot be
accessed using only field coefficients.


  More than $30$ years ago, \v{S}olt\'es observed that the total distance of
the graph $C_{11}$ does not change by deleting a vertex, and wondered about the
existence of other such graphs, called \v{S}olt\'es graphs. We extend the
definition of \v{S}olt\'es' graphs to \v{S}olt\'es' hypergraphs, determine all
orders for which a \v{S}olt\'es' hypergraph exists, observe infinitely many
uniform \v{S}olt\'es' hypergraphs, and find the \v{S}olt\'es' hypergraph with
minimum size (spoiler: it is not $C_{11}$).


  We propose a logical framework combining a game-theoretic study of abilities
of agents to achieve quantitative objectives in multi-player games by
optimizing payoffs or preferences on outcomes with a logical analysis of the
abilities of players for achieving qualitative objectives of players, i.e.,
reaching or maintaining game states with desired properties. We enrich
concurrent game models with payoffs for the normal form games associated with
the states of the model and propose a quantitative extension of the logic ATL*
enabling the combination of quantitative and qualitative reasoning.


  The framework under which decays $\Lambda_{b}(\frac{1}{2}^{+})\rightarrow
B(\frac{1}{2}^{+})+M$ are analyzed is not applicable for the decays
$\Lambda_{b}(\frac{1}{2}^{+})\rightarrow B^{\ast}(\frac{3}{2} ^{+})+M$. These
decays occur through a baryon pole $\Sigma^{0}_{c}$ which is generated by the
W-exchange diagram in the process $b+u \xrightarrow {W} c+d$. The effective
Hamiltonian which arises from the W-exchange diagram is expressed in the non
relativistic limit. Since $% \Sigma^{0}_{c}$ belongs to representation $6$ of
SU(3), it contributes to two sets of decays:
$\Lambda_{b}\rightarrow\Delta^{0}D^{0},\Delta^{-}D^{+},% \Sigma^{*-}D_s^{+}$
and $\Lambda_{b}\rightarrow\Sigma^{\ast-}_{c}\pi^{+},%
  \Sigma^{\ast 0}_{c}\pi^{0}\;, \Xi^{\ast 0}_{c}K^{0}$. The branching ratios
for these decays are evaluated which can be compared with their experimental
values when the data become available. Other prediction of the model is that
asymmetry parameter $\alpha = 0$, since baryon pole contributes to parity
conserving (p-wave) amplitude and does not contribute to parity violating
(d-wave) amplitude.


  We present a new technique to reduce the expected number of measurements to
declare an unknown quantum state as entangled. Our method is based on the
geometric criterion and so requires only local Pauli measurements. Using
concentration of measure, we provide a heuristic which allows us to reinterpret
a previous decision tree algorithm due to Laskowski et al and that forms the
basis for our new algorithm. Numerical simulations show that for three to six
qubits we use fewer measurements than either the trivial algorithm or the
decision tree algorithm. In addition, our method is easy to construct, assumes
no prior knowledge of the system and works for any number of qubits.


  We apply the perturbative grand unification due to renormalization to
distinguish TeV-scale relics of supersymmetric $\rm{SO}(10)$ scenarios. With
rational theoretical constraints taken into account, we find that for the
breaking pattern of either $\rm{SU}(5)$ or Pati-Salam only extra matter
$\mathbf{16}$ supermultiplet of $SO(10)$ can appear at TeV scale, apart from
MSSM spectrum.


  Transformer-based image restoration methods in adverse weather have achieved
significant progress. Most of them use self-attention along the channel
dimension or within spatially fixed-range blocks to reduce computational load.
However, such a compromise results in limitations in capturing long-range
spatial features. Inspired by the observation that the weather-induced
degradation factors mainly cause similar occlusion and brightness, in this
work, we propose an efficient Histogram Transformer (Histoformer) for restoring
images affected by adverse weather. It is powered by a mechanism dubbed
histogram self-attention, which sorts and segments spatial features into
intensity-based bins. Self-attention is then applied across bins or within each
bin to selectively focus on spatial features of dynamic range and process
similar degraded pixels of the long range together. To boost histogram
self-attention, we present a dynamic-range convolution enabling conventional
convolution to conduct operation over similar pixels rather than neighbor
pixels. We also observe that the common pixel-wise losses neglect linear
association and correlation between output and ground-truth. Thus, we propose
to leverage the Pearson correlation coefficient as a loss function to enforce
the recovered pixels following the identical order as ground-truth. Extensive
experiments demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of our proposed method. We
have released the codes in Github.


  The color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of the intermediate-age Large Magellanic
Cloud (LMC) star cluster NGC 2154 and its adjacent field, has been analyzed
using Padova stellar models to determine the cluster's fundamental parameters
and its Star Formation History (SFH). Deep $BR$ CCD photometry, together with
synthetic CMDs and Integrated Luminosity Functions (ILFs), has allowed us to
infer that the cluster experienced an extended star formation period of about
1.2 Gyrs, which began approximately 2.3 Gyr and ended 1.1 Gyr ago. The physical
reality of such a prolonged period of star formation is however questionable,
and could be the result of inadequacies in the stellar evolutionary tracks
themselves. A substantial fraction of binaries (70%) seems to exist in NGC
2154.


  Assuming a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology with a single perfect
fluid, we propose a pressure-density ratio that evolves as a specific universal
function of the scale parameter. We show that such a ratio can indeed be
consistent with several observational constraints including those pertaining to
late-time accelerated expansion. Generic dynamical scalar field models of Dark
energy (with quadratic kinetic terms in their Lagrange density) are shown to be
in accord with the proposed equation-of-state ratio, provided the current
matter density parameter $\Omega_{m0} < 0.23$ - a value {\it not} in agreement
with recent measurements.


  We study the improper learning of multi-layer neural networks. Suppose that
the neural network to be learned has $k$ hidden layers and that the
$\ell_1$-norm of the incoming weights of any neuron is bounded by $L$. We
present a kernel-based method, such that with probability at least $1 -
\delta$, it learns a predictor whose generalization error is at most $\epsilon$
worse than that of the neural network. The sample complexity and the time
complexity of the presented method are polynomial in the input dimension and in
$(1/\epsilon,\log(1/\delta),F(k,L))$, where $F(k,L)$ is a function depending on
$(k,L)$ and on the activation function, independent of the number of neurons.
The algorithm applies to both sigmoid-like activation functions and ReLU-like
activation functions. It implies that any sufficiently sparse neural network is
learnable in polynomial time.


  Weak gravitational lensing shear could be measured far more precisely if
information about unlensed attributes of source galaxies were available. Disk
galaxy velocity fields supply such information, at least in principle, with
idealized models predicting orders of magnitude more Fisher information when
velocity field observations are used to complement images. To test the level at
which realistic features of disk galaxies (warps, bars, spiral arms, and other
substructure) inject noise or bias into such shear measurements, we fit an
idealized disk model, including shear, to unsheared galaxies in the Illustris
TNG100 simulation. The inferred shear thus indicates the extent to which
unmodeled galaxy features inject noise and bias. We find that $\gamma_+$, the
component of shear parallel to the galaxy's first principal axis, is highly
biased and noisy because disks violate the assumption of face-on circularity,
displaying a range of intrinsic axis ratios ($0.85\pm0.11$). The other shear
component, $\gamma_\times$, shows little bias and is well-described by a double
Gaussian distribution with central core scatter $\sigma_{\text{core}} \approx$
0.03, with low-amplitude, broad wings. This is the first measurement of the
natural noise floor in the proposed velocity-field lensing technique. We
conclude that the technique will achieve impressive precision gains for
measurements of $\gamma_\times$, but little gain for measurements of
$\gamma_+$.


  Graph Active Learning (GAL), which aims to find the most informative nodes in
graphs for annotation to maximize the Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) performance,
has attracted many research efforts but remains non-trivial challenges. One
major challenge is that existing GAL strategies may introduce semantic
confusion to the selected training set, particularly when graphs are noisy.
Specifically, most existing methods assume all aggregating features to be
helpful, ignoring the semantically negative effect between inter-class edges
under the message-passing mechanism. In this work, we present Semantic-aware
Active learning framework for Graphs (SAG) to mitigate the semantic confusion
problem. Pairwise similarities and dissimilarities of nodes with semantic
features are introduced to jointly evaluate the node influence. A new
prototype-based criterion and query policy are also designed to maintain
diversity and class balance of the selected nodes, respectively. Extensive
experiments on the public benchmark graphs and a real-world financial dataset
demonstrate that SAG significantly improves node classification performances
and consistently outperforms previous methods. Moreover, comprehensive analysis
and ablation study also verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework.


  In this paper we introduce a new inductive bias for capsule networks and call
networks that use this prior $\gamma$-capsule networks. Our inductive bias that
is inspired by TE neurons of the inferior temporal cortex increases the
adversarial robustness and the explainability of capsule networks. A
theoretical framework with formal definitions of $\gamma$-capsule networks and
metrics for evaluation are also provided. Under our framework we show that
common capsule networks do not necessarily make use of this inductive bias. For
this reason we introduce a novel routing algorithm and use a different training
algorithm to be able to implement $\gamma$-capsule networks. We then show
experimentally that $\gamma$-capsule networks are indeed more transparent and
more robust against adversarial attacks than regular capsule networks.


  In this article we investigate traveling wave solutions of a nonlinear
differential equation describing the behaviour of one-dimensional viscoelastic
medium with implicit constitutive relations. We focus on a subclass of such
models known as the strain-limiting models introduced by Rajagopal. To describe
the response of viscoelastic solids we assume a nonlinear relationship among
the linearized strain, the strain rate and the Cauchy stress. We then
concentrate on traveling wave solutions that correspond to the heteroclinic
connections between the two constant states. We establish conditions for the
existence of such solutions, and find those solutions, explicitly, implicitly
or numerically, for various forms of the nonlinear constitutive relation.


  These lectures begin by reviewing the evidence for S duality of the
toroidally compactified heterotic string in 4d that was obtained in the period
1992--94. Next they review recently discovered dualities that relate all five
of the 10d superstring theories and a quantum extension of 11d supergravity
called M theory. The study of p-branes of various dimensions (some of which are
D-branes) plays a central role. The final sections survey supersymmetric string
vacua in 6d and some of the dual constructions by which they can be obtained.
Special emphasis is given to a class of N=1 models that exhibit
``heterotic-heterotic duality.''


  We consider the Kane-Mele model with spin-orbit coupling supplemented by a
Hubbard U term. On the basis of projective auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo
simulations on lattice sizes up to 15 x 15, we map out the phase diagram. The
quantum spin-liquid state found in the Hubbard model is shown to be robust
against weak spin-orbit interaction, and is not adiabatically connected to the
spin-Hall insulating state. Beyond a critical value of U > U_c both states are
unstable toward magnetic ordering. Within the quantum spin-Hall state we study
the spin, charge and single-particle dynamics of the helical Luttinger liquid
by retaining the Hubbard interaction only on the edge of a ribbon. The Hubbard
interaction greatly suppresses charge currents along the edge, promotes edge
magnetism, but leaves the single-particle signatures of the helical liquid
intact.


  We review recent advances in the study of binary star formation that have
been made using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. We discuss
the importance of ensuring that the Jeans mass is always resolved during a
self-gravitating SPH calculation. Even obeying this criterion, we show that it
is now possible to perform calculations which follow the collapse of a
molecular cloud core all the way to stellar densities. These calculations
resolve 7 orders of magnitude in spatial extent and 17 orders of magnitude in
density contrast. Finally, we discuss the progress that has been made in
understanding the mass-ratio distributions of binary stellar systems by
studying the evolution of protobinary systems as they accrete gas from their
surrounding envelopes.


  We report the radiation trapping effect inside a hollow-core photonic crystal
fiber (PCF). An optical dipole trap was used to load and confine the atoms in
the PCF without contacting the wall of the fiber. The transmission of a probe
light propagating through the PCF was studied experimentally and theoretically.
With the experimental results and theoretical predictions, we conclude that the
radiation trapping can play a significant role and should be taken into account
in the spectroscopic measurements inside the PCF.


  Convolutional neural networks have shown tremendous performance capabilities
in computer vision tasks, but their excessive amounts of weight storage and
arithmetic operations prevent them from being adopted in embedded environments.
One of the solutions involves pruning, where certain unimportant weights are
forced to have a value of zero. Many pruning schemes have been proposed, but
these have mainly focused on the number of pruned weights. Previous pruning
schemes scarcely considered ASIC or FPGA accelerator architectures. When these
pruned networks are run on accelerators, the lack of consideration of the
architecture causes some inefficiency problems, including internal buffer
misalignments and load imbalances. This paper proposes a new pruning scheme
that reflects accelerator architectures. In the proposed scheme, pruning is
performed so that the same number of weights remain for each weight group
corresponding to activations fetched simultaneously. In this way, the pruning
scheme resolves the inefficiency problems, doubling the accelerator
performance. Even with this constraint, the proposed pruning scheme reached a
pruning ratio similar to that of previous unconstrained pruning schemes, not
only on AlexNet and VGG16 but also on state-of-the-art very deep networks such
as ResNet. Furthermore, the proposed scheme demonstrated a comparable pruning
ratio on compact networks such as MobileNet and on slimmed networks that were
already pruned in a channel-wise manner. In addition to improving the
efficiency of previous sparse accelerators, it will be also shown that the
proposed pruning scheme can be used to reduce the logic complexity of sparse
accelerators.The pruned models are publicly available at
https://github.com/HyeongjuKang/accelerator-aware-pruning.


  In the paper we investigate power law for PageRank components for the
Buckley-Osthus model for web graph. We compare different numerical methods for
PageRank calculation. With the best method we do a lot of numerical
experiments. These experiments confirm the hypothesis about power law. At the
end we discuss real model of web-ranking based on the classical PageRank
approach.


  A numerical hydrodynamic study of femtosecond laser ablation is presented. A
detailed analysis of material decomposition is performed using a
thermodynamically complete equation of state with separate stable and
metastable phase states and phase boundaries. The lifetime of the metastable
liquid state is estimated based on the classical theory of homogeneous
nucleation. In addition, mechanical fragmentation of the target material is
controlled based on available criteria. As a result, several ablation
mechanisms are observed. A major fraction of the ablated material, however, is
found to originate from the metastable liquid region, which is decomposed
either thermally in the vicinity of the critical point into a liquid-gas
mixture, or mechanically at high strain rate and negative pressure into liquid
droplets and chunks. The calculation results explain available experimental
findings.


  We study associative submanifolds of the Berger space SO(5)/SO(3) endowed
with its homogeneous nearly-parallel G2-structure. We focus on two
geometrically interesting classes: the ruled associatives, and the associatives
with special Gauss map.
  We show that the associative submanifolds ruled by a certain special type of
geodesic are in correspondence with pseudo-holomorphic curves in
$Gr_2^+(TS^4).$ Using this correspondence, together with a theorem of Bryant on
superminimal surfaces in $S^4,$ we prove the existence of infinitely many
topological types of compact immersed associative 3-folds in SO(5)/SO(3).
  An associative submanifold of the Berger space is said to have special Gauss
map if its tangent spaces have non-trivial SO(3)-stabiliser. We classify the
associative submanifolds with special Gauss map in the cases where the
stabiliser contains an element of order greater than 2. In particular, we find
several homogeneous examples of this type.


  Recently we reported a series of numerical simulations proving that it is
possible in principle to create an electronic wave packet and subsequent
electronic motion in a neutral molecule photoexcited by a UV pump pulse within
a few femtoseconds. We considered the ozone molecule: for this system the
electronic wave packet leads to a dissociation process. In the present work, we
investigate more specifically the time-resolved photoelectron angular
distribution of the ozone molecule that provides a much more detailed
description of the evolution of the electronic wave packet. We thus show that
this experimental technique should be able to give access to observing in real
time the creation of an electronic wave packet in a neutral molecule and its
impact on a chemical process.


  Magnetic twist is thought to play an important role in many structures of the
solar atmosphere. One of the effects of twist is to modify the properties of
the eigenmodes of magnetic tubes. In the linear regime standing kink solutions
are characterized by a change in polarization of the transverse displacement
along the twisted tube. In the nonlinear regime, magnetic twist affects the
development of shear instabilities that appear at the tube boundary when it is
oscillating laterally. These Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities (KHI) are produced
either by the jump in the azimuthal component of the velocity at the edge of
the sharp boundary between the internal and external part of the tube, or
either by the continuous small length-scales produced by phase-mixing when
there is a smooth inhomogeneous layer. In this work the effect of twist is
consistently investigated by solving the time-dependent problem including the
process of energy transfer to the inhomogeneous layer. It is found that twist
always delays the appearance of the shear instability but for tubes with thin
inhomogeneous layers the effect is relatively small for moderate values of
twist. On the contrary, for tubes with thick layers, the effect of twist is
much stronger. This can have some important implications regarding observations
of transverse kink modes and the KHI itself.


  In this Letter, using von Neumann entropy we examine the entanglement entropy
for the neutrino oscillations in the presence of the subsequent phase shift. We
numerically show that the entanglement entropy for the subsequent periods of
the two-flavor neutrino oscillations increases asymmetrically with time
depending on the space-time deformation. We also explored the obtained results
for the three-flavor neutrino oscillations to show that this result is also
valid for the three-flavor neutrino oscillations. These results, obtained for
the first time in this Letter, are quite different from the computing for the
standard neutrino oscillation theory. We concluded that these interesting
results play an important role in the cosmology.


  Dota 2 is a popular, multiplayer online video game. Like many online games,
players are mostly anonymous, being tied only to online accounts which can be
readily obtained, sold and shared between multiple people. This makes it
difficult to track or ban players who exhibit unwanted behavior online. In this
paper, we present a machine learning approach to identify players based a
`digital fingerprint' of how they play the game, rather than by account. We use
data on mouse movements, in-game statistics and game strategy extracted from
match replays and show that for best results, all of these are necessary. We
are able to obtain an accuracy of prediction of 95\% for the problem of
predicting if two different matches were played by the same player.


  We reconstruct the dark matter density field from spatially overlapping
spectroscopic and photometric redshift catalogs through a forward modelling
approach. Instead of directly inferring the underlying density field, we find
the best fitting initial Gaussian fluctuations that will evolve into the
observed cosmic volume. To account for the substantial uncertainty of
photometric redshifts we employ a differentiable continuous Poisson process. In
the context of the upcoming Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS), we find
improvements in cosmic structure classification equivalent to 50-100\% more
spectroscopic targets by combining relatively sparse spectroscopic with dense
photometric samples.


  In this work we study a significantly enlarged truncation of conformally
reduced quantum gravity in the context of Asymptotic Safety, including all
operators that can be resolved in such a truncation including up to the sixth
order in derivatives. A fixed point analysis suggests that there is no
asymptotically safe fixed point in this system once one goes beyond an
Einstein-Hilbert approximation. We will put these findings into context and
discuss some lessons that can be learned from these results for general
non-perturbative renormalisation group flows.


  The interaction of dislocations with phase boundaries is a complex
phenomenon, that is far from being fully understood. A 2D Peierls-Nabarro
finite element (PN-FE) model for studying edge dislocation transmission across
fully coherent and non-damaging phase boundaries was recently proposed. This
paper brings a new dimension to the complexity by extending the PN-FE model
with a dedicated cohesive zone model for the phase boundary. With the proposed
model, a natural interplay between dislocations, external boundaries and the
phase boundary, including decohesion of that boundary, is provided. It allows
one to study the competition between dislocation transmission and phase
boundary decohesion. Commonly, the interface potentials required for glide
plane behaviour and phase boundary decohesion are established through atomistic
simulations. They are corresponding to the misfit energy intrinsic to a system
of two bulks of atoms that are translated rigidly with respect to each other.
It is shown that the blind utilisation of these potentials in zero-thickness
interfaces (as used in the proposed model) may lead to a large quantitative
error. Accordingly, for physical consistency, the potentials need to be reduced
towards zero-thickness potentials. In this paper a linear elastic reduction is
adopted. With the reduced potentials for the glide plane and the phase
boundary, the competition between dislocation transmission and phase boundary
decohesion is studied for an 8-dislocation pile-up system. Results reveal a
strong influence of the phase contrast in material properties as well as the
phase boundary toughness on the outcome of this competition. In the case of
crack nucleation, the crack length shows an equally strong dependency on these
properties.


  Imposition methods of interface conditions for the second-order wave equation
with non-conforming grids is considered. The spatial discretization is based on
high order finite differences with summation-by-parts properties. Previously
presented solution methods for this problem, based on the simultaneous
approximation term (SAT) method, have shown to introduce significant stiffness.
This can lead to highly inefficient schemes. Here, two new methods of imposing
the interface conditions to avoid the stiffness problems are presented: 1) a
projection method and 2) a hybrid between the projection method and the SAT
method. Numerical experiments are performed using traditional and
order-preserving interpolation operators. Both of the novel methods retain the
accuracy and convergence behavior of the previously developed SAT method but
are significantly less stiff.


  The usual universal extra dimensions scenario does not allow for single
production of first level Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations of matter due to the KK
number conservation. However, if the matter fields are localized on a fat brane
embedded in a higher dimensional space, matter-gravitation interactions violate
KK number, and the production of single KK excitations becomes possible. In
this paper we analyze the production of a single KK matter excitation together
with a graviton in the final state, and study the potential for discovery at
the Tevatron and Large Hadron Collider.


  We present the first observation of the 1s2p 3P2 ? 1s2s 3S1 transition in
He-like uranium. The experiment was performed at the internal gas-jet target of
the ESR storage ring at GSI exploiting a Bragg crystal spectrometer and a
germanium solid state detector. Using the 1s2 2p 2P3/2 ? 1s2 2s 2S1/2
transition in Li-like uranium as reference and the deceleration capabilities of
the ESR storage rings, we obtained the first evaluation of the He-like heavy
ion intra-shell transition energy.


  Within the framework of the LSW theory of Ostwald ripening the amount of
volume of the second (solid) phase that is newly formed by recrystallization is
investigated. It is shown, that in the late stage, the portion of the newly
generated volume formed within an interval from time $t_0$ to $t$ is a certain
function of $t/t_0$ and an explicit expression of this volume is given. To
achieve this, we introduce the notion of the {\it return radius} $r(t,t_0)$,
which is the unique radius of a particle at time $t_0$ such that this particle
has -- after growing and shrinking -- the same radius at time $t$. We derive a
formula for the return radius which later on is used to obtain the newly formed
volume. Moreover, formulas for the growth rate of the return radius and the
recrystallized material at time $t_0$ are derived.


  In this paper we consider dissipative effects in $\Lambda$CDM model, i.e., we
consider a universe with cosmological constant having viscous matter. We assume
the most general form for bulk viscous coefficient,
$\zeta=\zeta_{0}+\zeta_{1}\frac{\dot{a}}{a}+\zeta_{2}\frac{\ddot{a}}{\dot{a}}$
and obtained various constrains for $\zeta$'s . We also studied the background
study of the model with $\zeta=\zeta_{0}$ and
$\zeta=\zeta_{1}\frac{\dot{a}}{a}$. Extracted the value of $\zeta_1$ using the
Pantheon data and also obtained its thermodynamic evolution and the age.


  Rod-shaped particles embedded in certain matrices have been reported to
exhibit an increase in their center of mass diffusivity upon increasing the
matrix density. This increase has been considered to be caused by a kinetic
constraint in analogy with tube models. We investigate a mobile rod-like
particle in a sea of immobile point obstacles using a kinetic Monte Carlo
scheme equipped with a Markovian process, that generates gas-like collision
statistics, so that such kinetic constraints do essentially not exist. Even in
such a system, provided the particle's aspect ratio exceeds a threshold value
of about 24, the unusual increase in the rod diffusivity emerges. This result
implies that the kinetic constraint is not a necessary condition for the
increase in the diffusivity.


  Let G_0 be a simply connected noncompact real simple Lie group with maximal
compact subgroup K_0. Assume that rank(G_0) = rank(K_0) so that G_0 has
discrete series representations. If G_0/K_0 is Hermitian symmetric, there
exists a relatively simple discrete series of G_0, called holomorphic discrete
series. Now assume that G_0/K_0 is not Hermitian symmetric. In this case, we
can define Borel-de Siebenthal discrete series of G_0 analogous to holomorphic
discrete series. We consider a certain circle subgroup of K_0 whose centralizer
L_0 is such that K_0/L_0 is an irreducible compact Hermitian symmetric space.
Let (K_0)* be the dual of K_0 with respect to L_0. Then (K_0)*/L_0 is an
irreducible non-compact Hermitian symmetric space dual to K_0/L_0. To each
Borel-de Siebenthal discrete series of G_0, we can associate a holomorphic
discrete series of (K_0)*. In this article, we address occurrence of common
L_0-types between these two discrete series under certain conditions.


  In this paper, we present a tailored lens and a tailored reflector in order
to reduce the large beam divergence inherent to Orbital Angular Momentum waves
(OAM waves-Vortex waves) that are generated by an Uniform Circular Patch
Antenna Array (UCA) at 10 GHz. The tailored lens and the tailored reflector are
designed by the shape function (5) and (9) around the antenna s center axis,
respectively. The tailored lens is compared to UCA without and with
conventional lens. The simulated and measured results show a significant
improvement when using the tailored lens. Following, a tailored reflector is
implemented and compared to UCA without and with conventional reflector.
Firstly, the two reflectors are simulated with an impressed field source to
neglect the influence of the UCA. The simulated results of the two reflectors
show that the tailored reflector has a better performance than the conventional
reflector when the height of the reflector $r_0$ is less than around 1.5
$\lambda$ and when the opening angle of the reflector theta is less than
38{\deg} (for UCA with $d$ of $\lambda/2$). In addition, the reflectors are
simulated with real UCA with different shapes of PCB, which can disturb the
reflected waves from the reflector. Two lenses and two reflectors are
manufactured and measured in an anechoic chamber and compared to the simulation
results. This paper shows that the vortex waves needs a special lens or a
special reflector to reduce effictively the beam divergence especially when the
radius of the UCA is very large.


  An inversion technique has been developed to recover LTE one-dimensional
model photospheres for late-type stars from very high-resolution high
signal-to-noise stellar line profiles. It is successfully applied to the Sun
using a set of unblended Ti I, Ca I, Cr I and Fe I lines with accurate
transition probabilities. Temperature stratification, continuum flux,
centre-to-limb variation and wings of strong metal lines obtained from the
resulting model are compared with those from other well-known theoretical and
empirical solar models and show the reliability of the procedure.


  The classical notion of comonotonicity has played a pivotal role when solving
diverse problems in economics, finance, and insurance. In various practical
problems, however, this notion of extreme positive dependence structure is
overly restrictive and sometimes unrealistic. In the present paper, we put
forward a notion of weak comonotonicity, which contains the classical notion of
comonotonicity as a special case, and gives rise to necessary and sufficient
conditions for a number of optimization problems, such as those arising in
portfolio diversification, risk aggregation, and premium calculation. In
particular, we show that a combination of weak comonotonicity and weak
antimonotonicity with respect to some choices of measures is sufficient for the
maximization of Value-at-Risk aggregation, and weak comonotonicity is necessary
and sufficient for the Expected Shortfall aggregation. Finally, with the help
of weak comonotonicity acting as an intermediate notion of dependence between
the extreme cases of no dependence and strong comonotonicity, we give a natural
solution to a risk-sharing problem.


  We formulate a method of computing invariant 1-forms and structure equations
of symmetry pseudo-groups of differential equations based on Cartan's method of
equivalence and the moving coframe method introduced by Fels and Olver. Our
apparoach does not require a preliminary computation of infinitesimal defining
systems, their analysis and integration, and uses differentiation and linear
algebra operations only. Examples of its applications are given.


  The classical Chern correspondence states that a choice of Hermitian metric
on a holomorphic vector bundle determines uniquely a unitary 'Chern
connection'. This basic principle in Hermitian geometry, later generalized to
the theory of holomorphic principal bundles, provides one of the most
fundamental ingredients in modern gauge theory, via its applications to the
Donaldson-Uhlenbeck-Yau Theorem. In this work we study a generalization of the
Chern correspondence in the context of higher gauge theory, where the structure
group of the bundle is categorified. For this, we define connective structures
on a multiplicative gerbe and propose a natural notion of complexification for
an important class of 2-groups. Using this, we put forward a new notion of
higher connection which is well-suited for describing holomorphic principal
2-bundles for these 2-groups, and establish a Chern correspondence in this way.
As an upshot of our construction, we unify two previous notions of higher
connections in the literature, namely those of adjusted connections and of
trivializations of Chern-Simons 2-gerbes with connection.


  Robustness of distributed routing policies is studied for dynamical flow
networks, with respect to adversarial disturbances that reduce the link flow
capacities. A dynamical flow network is modeled as a system of ordinary
differential equations derived from mass conservation laws on a directed
acyclic graph with a single origin-destination pair and a constant inflow at
the origin. Routing policies regulate the way the inflow at a non-destination
node gets split among its outgoing links as a function of the current particle
density, while the outflow of a link is modeled to depend on the current
particle density on that link through a flow function. The dynamical flow
network is called partially transferring if the total inflow at the destination
node is asymptotically bounded away from zero, and its weak resilience is
measured as the minimum sum of the link-wise magnitude of all disturbances that
make it not partially transferring. The weak resilience of a dynamical flow
network with arbitrary routing policy is shown to be upper-bounded by the
network's min-cut capacity, independently of the initial flow conditions.
Moreover, a class of distributed routing policies that rely exclusively on
local information on the particle densities, and are locally responsive to
that, is shown to yield such maximal weak resilience. These results imply that
locality constraints on the information available to the routing policies do
not cause loss of weak resilience. Some fundamental properties of dynamical
flow networks driven by locally responsive distributed policies are analyzed in
detail, including global convergence to a unique limit flow.


  The Gelfand pattern of the reduction of the N-fold tensor product of the
fundamental representation of the special unitary group SU(2) by itself is
studied in the framework of a finite Heisenberg model with infinite range,
where N spins couple to each other with the same strength. The present findings
are related to the microstatistics of non-rotating black holes for illustrative
purposes.


  Relative cross sections for the valence shell photoionisation (PI) of $\rm
^2S$ ground level and $\rm ^2D$ metastable Ca$^{+}$ ions were measured with
high energy resolution by using the ion-photon merged-beams technique at the
Advanced Light Source. Overview measurements were performed with a full width
at half maximum bandpass of $\Delta E =17$~meV, covering the energy range 20~eV
-- 56~eV. Details of the PI spectrum were investigated at energy resolutions
reaching the level of $\Delta E=3.3$~meV. The photon energy scale was
calibrated with an uncertainty of $\pm5$~meV. By comparison with previous
absolute measurements %by Kjeldsen et al in the energy range 28~eV -- 30.5~eV
and by Lyon et al in the energy range 28~eV -- 43~eV the present experimental
high-resolution data were normalised to an absolute cross-section scale and the
fraction of metastable Ca$^{+}$ ions that were present in the parent ion beam
was determined to be 18$\pm$4\%. Large-scale R-matrix calculations using the
Dirac Coulomb approximation and employing 594 levels in the close-coupling
expansion were performed for the Ca$^{+}(3s^23p^64s~^2\textrm{S}_{1/2})$ and
Ca$^{+}(3s^2 3p^6 3d~^2\textrm{D}_{3/2,5/2})$ levels. The experimental data are
compared with the results of these calculations and previous theoretical and
experimental studies.


  We develop a bivariational principle for an antisymmetric product of
nonorthogonal geminals. Special cases reduce to the antisymmetric product of
strongly-orthogonal geminals (APSG), the generalized valence bond-perfect
pairing (GVB-PP), and the antisymmetrized geminal power (AGP) wavefunctions.
The presented method employs wavefunctions of the same type as
Richardson-Gaudin (RG) states, but which are not eigenvectors of a model
Hamiltonian which would allow for more freedom in the mean-field. The general
idea is to work with the same state in a primal picture in terms of pairs, and
in a dual picture in terms of pair-holes. This leads to an asymmetric energy
expression which may be optimized bivariationally, and is strictly variational
when the two representations are consistent. The general approach may be useful
in other contexts, such as for computationally feasible variational
coupled-cluster methods.


  In this paper, we derive a Vlasov type kinetic model for diatomic plasma in
which each ion consists of two atoms bonded through an oscillatory
intermolecular force given by a singular Hooke potential. We then consider the
existence and uniqueness of the classical solution to the proposed model. A
careful analysis of the oscillatory behavior of atoms near singular points of
the Hooke potential is carried out to extend the local-in-time solution to the
global solution.


  It has been suggested that merging plays an important role in the formation
and the evolution of elliptical galaxies(EGs). In order to understand the past
merging history of EGs, we studied the optical-NIR color gradients of 204 EGs.
The use of the optical and the NIR data provides large wavelength baselines,
and breaks the age-metallicity(Z) degeneracy, allowing us to derive age and Z
gradients. The use of the deep SDSS Stripe 82 images make it possible for us to
examine how the color/age/Z gradients are related to merging features. We find
that the optical-NIR color and the age/Z gradients of EGs with tidal features
are consistent with those of relaxed EGs suggesting that the two populations
underwent a similar merging history on average and that mixing of stars was
more or less completed before the tidal features disappear. EGs with dust
features have steeper color gradients than the other two types, even after
masking out dust features during the analysis, which can be due to a process
involving wet merging. More importantly, we find that the scatter in the
color/age/Z gradients of the relaxed and merging feature types, decreases as
their luminosities increase at M > 10^{11.4} M_{\odot} but stays to be large at
lower luminosities. Mean Z gradients appear nearly constant over the explored
mass range, but a possible flattening is observed at the massive end. According
to our toy model that predicts how the distribution of Z gradients changes as a
result of major dry merging, the mean Z gradient should flatten by 40% and its
scatter become smaller by 80% per a mass doubling scale if EGs evolve only
through major dry merger. Our result, although limited by a number statistics
at the massive end, is consistent with the picture that major dry merging is an
important mechanism for the evolution for EGs at M > 10^{11.4} M_{\odot}, but
less important at the lower mass range.


  The analogous statement to Oppenheim conjecture over a local field of
positive characteristic is proved. The dynamical argument is most involved in
the case of characteristic 3.


  CeRu2Si2 and CeRh2Si2 are two similar heavy fermion stoichiometric compounds
located on the two sides of the magnetic quantum critical phase transition.
CeRh2Si2 is an antiferromagnet below T_N=36 K with moderate electronic masses
whereas CeRu2Si2 is a paramagnetic metal with particularly heavy electrons.
Here we present tunneling spectroscopy measurements as a function of
temperature (from 0.15 K to 45 K). The tunneling conductance at 0.15 K reveals
V-shaped dips around the Fermi level in both compounds, which disappear in
CeRu2Si2 above the coherence temperature, and above the N\'eel temperature in
CeRh2Si2. In the latter case, two different kinds of V-shaped tunneling
conductance dips are found.


  Face anti-spoofing is an important task to protect the security of face
recognition. Most of previous work either struggle to capture discriminative
and generalizable feature or rely on auxiliary information which is unavailable
for most of industrial product. Inspired by the video classification work, we
propose an efficient two-stream model to capture the key differences between
live and spoof faces, which takes multi-frames and RGB difference as input
respectively. Feature pyramid modules with two opposite fusion directions and
pyramid pooling modules are applied to enhance feature representation. We
evaluate the proposed method on the datasets of Siw, Oulu-NPU, CASIA-MFSD and
Replay-Attack. The results show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art
results on most of datasets' protocol with much less parameter size.


  This paper is a part of an ongoing study on the diamagnetic behavior of a
3-dimensional quantum gas of non-interacting charged particles subjected to an
external uniform magnetic field together with a random electric potential. We
prove the existence of an almost-sure non-random thermodynamic limit for the
grand-canonical pressure, magnetization and zero- field orbital magnetic
susceptibility. We also give an explicit formulation of these thermodynamic
limits. Our results cover a wide class of physically relevant random potentials
which model not only crystalline disordered solids, but also amorphous solids.


  Standard macroeconomic models assume that households are rational in the
sense that they are perfect utility maximizers, and explain economic dynamics
in terms of shocks that drive the economy away from the stead-state. Here we
build on a standard macroeconomic model in which a single rational
representative household makes a savings decision of how much to consume or
invest. In our model households are myopic boundedly rational heterogeneous
agents embedded in a social network. From time to time each household updates
its savings rate by copying the savings rate of its neighbor with the highest
consumption. If the updating time is short, the economy is stuck in a poverty
trap, but for longer updating times economic output approaches its optimal
value, and we observe a critical transition to an economy with irregular
endogenous oscillations in economic output, resembling a business cycle. In
this regime households divide into two groups: Poor households with low savings
rates and rich households with high savings rates. Thus inequality and economic
dynamics both occur spontaneously as a consequence of imperfect household
decision making. Our work here supports an alternative program of research that
substitutes utility maximization for behaviorally grounded decision making.


  [abridged] The International LOFAR Telescope is an interferometer with
stations spread across Europe. With baselines of up to ~2,000 km, LOFAR has the
unique capability of achieving sub-arcsecond resolution at frequencies below
200 MHz, although this is technically and logistically challenging. Here we
present a calibration strategy that builds on previous high-resolution work
with LOFAR. We give an overview of the calibration strategy and discuss the
special challenges inherent to enacting high-resolution imaging with LOFAR, and
describe the pipeline, which is publicly available, in detail. We demonstrate
the calibration strategy by using the pipeline on P205+55, a typical LOFAR
Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) pointing. We perform in-field delay calibration,
solution referencing to other calibrators, self-calibration, and imaging of
example directions of interest in the field. For this specific field and these
ionospheric conditions, dispersive delay solutions can be transferred between
calibrators up to ~1.5 degrees away, while phase solution transferral works
well over 1 degree. We demonstrate a check of the astrometry and flux density
scale. Imaging in 17 directions, the restoring beam is typically 0.3" x 0.2"
although this varies slightly over the entire 5 square degree field of view. We
achieve ~80 to 300 $\mu$Jy/bm image rms noise, which is dependent on the
distance from the phase centre; typical values are ~90 $\mu$Jy/bm for the 8
hour observation with 48 MHz of bandwidth. Seventy percent of processed sources
are detected, and from this we estimate that we should be able to image ~900
sources per LoTSS pointing. This equates to ~3 million sources in the northern
sky, which LoTSS will entirely cover in the next several years. Future
optimisation of the calibration strategy for efficient post-processing of LoTSS
at high resolution (LoTSS-HR) makes this estimate a lower limit.


  Coulomb excitation of hydrogen atoms by vortex protons is theoretically
investigated within the framework of the non--relativistic first--Born
approximation and the density matrix approach. Special attention is paid to the
magnetic sublevel population of excited atoms and, consequently, to the angular
distribution of the fluorescence radiation. We argue that both these properties
are sensitive to the projection of the orbital angular momentum (OAM), carried
by the projectile ions. In order to illustrate the OAM--effect, detailed
calculations have been performed for the $1s \to 2p$ excitation and the
subsequent $2p \to 1s$ radiative decay of a hydrogen target, interacting with
incident Laguerre--Gaussian vortex protons. The calculation results suggest
that Coulomb excitation can be employed for the diagnostics of vortex ion beam
at accelerator and storage ring facilities.


  Working within the class of piecewise constant conductivities, the inverse
problem of electrical impedance tomography can be recast as a shape
optimization problem where the discontinuity interface is the unknown. Using
Gr\"oger's $W^{1}_p$-estimates for mixed boundary value problems, the averaged
adjoint method is extended to the case of Banach spaces, which allows to
compute the derivative of shape functionals involving point evaluations. We
compute the corresponding distributed expression of the shape derivative and
show that it may contain Dirac measures in addition to the usual domain
integrals. We use this distributed shape derivative to devise a numerical
algorithm, show various numerical results supporting the method, and based on
these results we discuss the influence of the point measurements patterns on
the quality of the reconstructions.


  In this paper, we present a continuum model for the dynamics of low angle
grain boundaries in two dimensions based on the motion of constituent
dislocations of the grain boundaries. The continuum model consists of an
equation for the motion of grain boundaries (i.e., motion of the constituent
dislocations in the grain boundary normal direction) and equations for the
dislocation structure evolution on the grain boundaries. This model is derived
from the discrete dislocation dynamics model. The long-range elastic
interaction between dislocations is included in the continuum model, which
ensures that the dislocation structure on a grain boundary is consistent with
the Frank's formula. These evolution of the grain boundary and its dislocation
structure are able to describe both normal motion and tangential translation of
the grain boundary and grain rotation due to both coupling and sliding. Since
the continuum model is based upon dislocation structure, it naturally accounts
for the grain boundary shape change during the motion and rotation of the grain
boundary by motion and reaction of the constituent dislocations. Using the
derived continuum grain boundary dynamics model, simulations are performed for
the dynamics of circular and non-circular two dimensional grain boundaries, and
the results are validated by discrete dislocation dynamics simulations.


  We consider an autonomous differential system in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with a
periodic orbit and we give a new method for computing the characteristic
multipliers associated to it. Our method works when the periodic orbit is given
by the transversal intersection of $n-1$ codimension one hypersurfaces and is
an alternative to the use of the first order variational equations. We apply it
to study the stability of the periodic orbits in several examples, including a
periodic solution found by Steklov studying the rigid body dynamics.


  Although millimeter wave (mmWave) systems promise to offer larger bandwidth
and unprecedented peak data rates, their practical implementation faces several
hardware challenges compared to sub-6 GHz communication systems. These hardware
constraints can seriously undermine the performance and deployment progress of
mmWave systems and, thus, necessitate disruptive solutions in the cross-design
of analog and digital modules. In this article, we discuss the importance of
different hardware constraints and propose a novel system architecture, which
is able to release these hardware constraints while achieving better
performance for future millimeter wave communication systems. The
characteristics of the proposed architecture are articulated in detail, and a
representative example is provided to demonstrate its validity and efficacy.


  In this paper we review some properties of BPS black holes of supergravities
with n=32,16 supersymmetries. The BPS condition, a condition on the eigenvalues
of the central charge matrix, can be shown to be U-duality invariant. We
explicitly work out D=4, N=8 and D=5, N=4 supergravities.


  We derive the relativistic thermodynamic scale equation using imaginary-time
path integrals, with complex scalar field theory taken as a concrete example.
We use Fujikawa's method to derive the scaling anomaly for this system using a
matrix regulator. We make a general scaling argument to show how for anomalous
systems, the $\beta$ function of the vacuum theory can be derived from
measurement of macroscopic thermodynamic parameters.


  We study the fate of gravitational collapse in presence of a cosmological
constant. The junctions conditions between static and non-static space-times
are deduced. Three apparent horizon are formed, but only two have physical
significance, one of them being the black hole horizon and the other the
cosmological horizon. The cosmological constant term slows down the collapse of
matter, limiting also the size of the black hole.


  We study a class of evolution models, where the breeding process involves an
arbitrary exchangeable process, allowing for mutations to appear. The
population size $n$ is fixed, hence after breeding, selection is applied.
Individuals are characterized by their genome, picked inside a set $X$ (which
may be uncountable), and there is a fitness associated to each genome. Being
less fit implies a higher chance of being discarded in the selection process.
The stationary distribution of the process can be described and studied. We are
interested in the asymptotic behavior of this stationary distribution as $n$
goes to infinity. Choosing a parameter $\lambda>0$ to tune the scaling of the
fitness when $n$ grows, we prove limiting theorems both for the case when the
breeding process does not depend on $n$, and for the case when it is given by a
Dirichlet process prior. In both cases, the limit exhibits phase transitions
depending on the parameter $\lambda


  Let $G = N \rtimes A$, where $N$ is a stratified group and $A = \mathbb{R}$
acts on $N$ via automorphic dilations. Homogeneous sub-Laplacians on $N$ and
$A$ can be lifted to left-invariant operators on $G$ and their sum is a
sub-Laplacian $\Delta$ on $G$. We prove a theorem of Mihlin-H\"ormander type
for spectral multipliers of $\Delta$. The proof of the theorem hinges on a
Calder\'on-Zygmund theory adapted to a sub-Riemannian structure of $G$ and on
$L^1$-estimates of the gradient of the heat kernel associated to the
sub-Laplacian $\Delta$.


  We propose a general scheme to probe the compatibility of arbitrary pairing
states with a given normal state Hamiltonian by the introduction of a concept
called superconducting fitness. This new quantity gives a direct measure of the
suppression of the superconducting critical temperature in presence of key
symmetry breaking fields. A merit of the superconducting fitness is that it can
be used as a tool to identify non-trivial mechanisms to suppress
superconductivity under various external influences, in particular, magnetic
fields or distortions, even in complex multi-orbital systems. In the light of
this new concept we analyse the multi-band superconductor Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ and
propose a new mechanism for the suppression of superconductivity in
multi-orbital systems, which we call inter-orbital effect, as a possible
explanation for the unusual limiting feature observed in the upper critical
field of this material.


  Optical and microwave double resonance techniques are used to obtain the
excited state structure of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. The
excited state is an orbital doublet and it is shown that it can be split and
associated transition strengths varied by external electric fields and by
strain. A group theoretical model is developed. It gives a good account of the
observations and contributes to an improved understanding of the electronic
structure of the center. The findings are important for quantum information
processing and other applications of the center.