  In this paper, we show that if a compact $n$-dimensional vacuum static space
$(M^n, g, f)$ admits a non-trivial closed conformal vector field $V$, then $(M,
g)$ is isometric to a standard sphere ${\Bbb S}^n(c)$. We also prove that if a
pair $(g, f)$ of a Riemannian metric and a function defined on a compact
$n$-dimensional manifold $M^n$ satisfies the critical point equation and $(M,
g)$ admits a non-trivial closed conformal vector field $V$, we have the same
result. Finally, we prove a criterion for a nontrivial conformal vector field
to be closed.


  Let $K$ be a finite extension of $\mathbf{Q}_p$. In this paper, we try to
extend Berger's and Colmez's point of view, using locally analytic vectors in
order to generalize classical cyclotomic theory, in higher rings of periods. We
also provide a construction of analogs of the ring $\mathbf{B}_{Sen}$ of
Colmez, one of which computes Sen theory in the de Rham case, and one which
computes classical $(\varphi,\Gamma)$-modules theory. We explain what happens
when we try to generalize constructions of $(\varphi,\Gamma)$-modules to
arbitrary infinitely ramified p-adic Lie extensions, and provide a conjecture
on the structure of the locally analytic vectors in the corresponding rings. In
particular, we highlight the fact that the situation should be very different,
depending on wether the $p$-adic Lie extension contains a cyclotomic extension
or not. Finally, we explain how some of these constructions may be related to
the construction of a potential ring of trianguline periods.


  The relationship between many-body interactions and dimensionality is
integral to numerous emergent quantum phenomena. A striking example is the Bose
gas, which upon confinement to one dimension (1D) obeys an infinite set of
conservation laws, prohibiting thermalization and constraining dynamics. In our
experiment, we demonstrate that such 1D behavior can extend much farther into
the dimensional crossover towards 3D than expected. Starting from a weakly
interacting Bose gas trapped in a highly elongated potential, we perform a
quench to instigate dynamics of a single density mode. Employing the theory of
Generalized Hydrodynamics, we identify the dominant relaxation mechanism as the
1D dephasing of the relevant collective excitations of the system, the
rapidities. Surprisingly, the dephasing remains dominant even for temperatures
far exceeding conventional limits of one-dimensionality where thermalization
should occur. We attribute our observations to an emergent Pauli blocking of
transverse excitations, caused by the rapidities assuming fermionic statistics,
despite the gas being purely bosonic. Thus, our study suggests that 1D physics
is less fragile than previously thought, as it can persist even in the presence
of significant perturbations. More broadly, by employing the exact Bethe ansatz
solutions of the many-body system, we facilitate an interpretation of how the
emergent macroscopic behavior arises from the microscopic interactions.


  The performances of Sound Event Detection (SED) systems are greatly limited
by the difficulty in generating large strongly labeled dataset. In this work,
we used two main approaches to overcome the lack of strongly labeled data.
First, we applied heavy data augmentation on input features. Data augmentation
methods used include not only conventional methods used in speech/audio domains
but also our proposed method named FilterAugment. Second, we propose two
methods to utilize weak predictions to enhance weakly supervised SED
performance. As a result, we obtained the best PSDS1 of 0.4336 and best PSDS2
of 0.8161 on the DESED real validation dataset. This work is submitted to DCASE
2021 Task4 and is ranked on the 3rd place. Code availa-ble:
https://github.com/frednam93/FilterAugSED.


  Percolation and critical phenomena show common features such as scaling and
universality. Colloidal particles, immersed in a solvent close to criticality,
experience long-range effective forces, named critical Casimir forces. %These
originate from the confinement of the solvent critical fluctuations between the
colloids. Building on the analogy between critical phenomena and percolation,
we explore the possibility of observing long-range forces near a percolation
threshold. To this aim we numerically evaluate the effective potential between
two colloidal particles dispersed in a chemical sol and we show that it becomes
attractive and long-ranged on approaching the sol percolation transition. We
develop a theoretical description based on a polydisperse Asakura-Oosawa model
which captures the divergence of the interaction range, allowing us to
interpret such effect in terms of depletion interactions in a structured
solvent. Our results provide the geometric analogue of the critical Casimir
force, suggesting a novel way for tuning colloidal interactions by controlling
the clustering properties of the solvent.


  In this work, we find an equation that relates the Ricci curvature of a
riemannian manifold $M$ and the second fundamental forms of two orthogonal
foliations of complementary dimensions, $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{F}^{\bot}$,
defined on $M$. Using this equation, we show a sufficient condition for the
manifold M to be locally a riemannian product of the leaves of $\mathcal{F}$
and $\mathcal{F}^{\bot}$, if one of the foliations is totally umbilical. We
also prove an integral formula for such foliations.


  We study concentrated colloidal suspensions, a model system which has a glass
transition. Samples in the glassy state show aging, in that the motion of the
colloidal particles slows as the sample ages from an initial state. We study
the relationship between the static structure and the slowing dynamics, using
confocal microscopy to follow the three-dimensional motion of the particles.
The structure is quantified by considering tetrahedra formed by quadruplets of
neighboring particles. We find that while the sample clearly slows down during
aging, the static properties as measured by tetrahedral quantities do not vary.
However, a weak correlation between tetrahedron shape and mobility is observed,
suggesting that the structure facilitates the motion responsible for the sample
aging.


  Microfluidics, the study of fluids in microscopic channels, has led to
important advances in fields as diverse as microelectronics, biotechnology and
chemistry. Microfluidic research is primarily based on the use of microfluidic
chips, low-cost devices that can be used to perform laboratory experiments
using small amounts of fluid. These systems, however, require advanced control
mechanisms in order to accurately achieve the flow rates and pressures required
in the experiments. In this paper, we present the design of a model predictive
controller intended to regulate the fluid flows in one of these systems. The
results obtained, both through simulations and real experiments performed on
the device, show that predictive control is an ideal technique to control these
systems, especially taking into account all the existing constraints.


  We consider deflection of polarizable molecules by inhomogeneous optical
fields, and analyze the role of molecular orientation and rotation in the
scattering process. It is shown that molecular rotation induces spectacular
rainbow-like features in the distribution of the scattering angle. Moreover, by
pre-shaping molecular angular distribution with the help of short and strong
femtosecond laser pulses, one may efficiently control the scattering process,
manipulate the average deflection angle and its distribution, and reduce
substantially the angular dispersion of the deflected molecules. This opens new
ways for many applications involving molecular focusing, guiding and trapping
by optical and static fields.


  Type-I Edge Localised Modes (ELMs) have been mitigated in MAST through the
application of n = 3, 4 and 6 resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). For each
toroidal mode number of the non-axisymmetric applied fields, the frequency of
the ELMs has been increased significantly, and the peak heat flux on the
divertor plates reduced commensurately. This increase in ELM frequency occurs
despite a significant drop in the edge pressure gradient, which would be
expected to stabilise the peeling-ballooning modes thought to be responsible
for type-I ELMs. Various mechanisms which could cause a destabilisation of the
peeling-ballooning modes are presented, including pedestal widening, plasma
rotation braking, three dimensional corrugation of the plasma boundary and the
existence of radially extended lobe structures near to the X-point. This leads
to a model aimed at resolving the apparent dichotomy of ELM control, that is to
say ELM suppression occurring due to the pedestal pressure reduction below the
peeling-ballooning stability boundary, whilst the reduction in pressure can
also lead to ELM mitigation, which is ostensibly a destabilisation of
peeling-ballooning modes. In the case of ELM mitigation, the pedestal
broadening, 3d corrugation or lobes near the X-point degrade ballooning
stability so much that the pedestal recovers rapidly to cross the new stability
boundary at lower pressure more frequently, whilst in the case of suppression,
the plasma parameters are such that the particle transport reduces the edge
pressure below the stability boundary which is only mildly affected by
negligible rotation braking, small edge corrugation or short, broad lobe
structures.


  The effect of nonradial component of solar wind is discussed from the
qualitative point of view. It is shown that the direction of nonradial
component is opposite in comparison with the direction used in papers dealing
with orbital evolution of meteoroids.


  We investigate how to simulate anisotropic heat conduction in a stable manner
in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. We show that the requirement for stability
is that entropy must increase. From this, we deduce that methods involving
direct second derivatives in SPH are unstable, as found by previous authors. We
show that the only stable method is to use two first derivatives with
alternating differenced and symmetric SPH derivative operators, with the
caveat, that one may need to apply smoothing or use an artificial conductivity
term if the initial temperature jump is discontinuous. Furthermore, we find
that with two first derivatives the stable timestep can be 3--8 times larger
even for isotropic diffusion.


  The deeply inelastic scattering is one of the most important processes in
studying the nucleon structure. Theoretical calculations for both the inclusive
one and the semi-inclusive one are generally carried out in the virtual
photon-nucleon collinear frame in which virtual photon does not have the
transverse components. Expressions in this frame are written in relatively
simple forms. Nevertheless, it is also meaningful to calculate the scattering
process in the electron-nucleon collinear frame where new measurement schemes
are obtained. In the present paper, we reconsider the semi-inclusive deeply
inelastic scattering process in the electron-nucleon collinear frame and
present the results of azimuthal asymmetries and quark intrinsic asymmetries.
We find that the differential cross sections in these two frames are the same
at leading twist level but different at higher twist level. Azimuthal
asymmetries and intrinsic asymmetries in these two frames have the same forms
but different kinematic factors. For the sake of completeness, both the
electromagnetic and weak interactions are considered in our calculations. The
neutral current measurements in the scattering process could be used as
electroweak precision tests which can provide new accurate determinations of
the electroweak couplings.


  We study the dynamical stability of the entanglement between the two spin
ensembles in the presence of an environment. For a comparative study, we
consider the two cases: a single spin ensemble, and two ensembles linearly
coupled to a bath, respectively. In both circumstances, we assume the validity
of the Markovian approximation for the bath. We examine the robustness of the
state by means of the growth of the linear entropy which gives a measure of the
purity of the system. We find out macroscopic entangled states of two spin
ensembles can stably exist in a common bath. This result may be very useful to
generate and detect macroscopic entanglement in a common noisy environment and
even a stable macroscopic memory.


  We consider a complex Gaussian wiretap channel with finite-resolution
analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at both the legitimate receiver and the
eavesdropper. For this channel, we show that a positive secrecy rate is always
achievable as long as the channel gains at the legitimate receiver and at the
eavesdropper are different, regardless of the quantization levels of the ADCs.
For the achievability, we first consider the case of one-bit ADCs at the
legitimate receiver and apply a binary input distribution where the two input
points have the same phase when the channel gain at the legitimate receiver is
less than that at the eavesdropper, and otherwise the opposite phase. Then the
result is generalized for the case of arbitrary finite-resolution ADCs at the
legitimate receiver by translating the input distribution appropriately. For
the special case of the real Gaussian wiretap channel with one-bit ADCs at both
the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper, we show that our choice of input
distribution satisfies a necessary condition of optimal distributions for Wyner
codes.


  In the field of cavity optomechanics, proposals for quantum nondemolition
(QND) measurements of phonon number provide a promising avenue by which one can
study the quantum nature of nanoscale mechanical resonators. Here, we
investigate these QND measurements for an optomechanical system whereby
quadratic coupling arises due to shared symmetries between a single optical
resonance and a mechanical mode. We establish a relaxed limit on the amount of
linear coupling that can exist in this type of system while still allowing for
a QND measurement of Fock states. This new condition enables optomechanical QND
measurements, which can be used to probe the decoherence of mesoscopic
mechanical Fock states, providing an experimental testbed for quantum collapse
theories.


  Offline Black-Box Optimization (BBO) aims at optimizing a black-box function
using the knowledge from a pre-collected offline dataset of function values and
corresponding input designs. However, the high-dimensional and
highly-multimodal input design space of black-box function pose inherent
challenges for most existing methods that model and operate directly upon input
designs. These issues include but are not limited to high sample complexity,
which relates to inaccurate approximation of black-box function; and
insufficient coverage and exploration of input design modes, which leads to
suboptimal proposal of new input designs. In this work, we consider finding a
latent space that serves as a compressed yet accurate representation of the
design-value joint space, enabling effective latent exploration of high-value
input design modes. To this end, we formulate an learnable energy-based latent
space, and propose Noise-intensified Telescoping density-Ratio Estimation
(NTRE) scheme for variational learning of an accurate latent space model
without costly Markov Chain Monte Carlo. The optimization process is then
exploration of high-value designs guided by the learned energy-based model in
the latent space, formulated as gradient-based sampling from a
latent-variable-parameterized inverse model. We show that our particular
parameterization encourages expanded exploration around high-value design
modes, motivated by inversion thinking of a fundamental result of conditional
covariance matrix typically used for variance reduction. We observe that our
method, backed by an accurately learned informative latent space and an
expanding-exploration model design, yields significant improvements over strong
previous methods on both synthetic and real world datasets such as the
design-bench suite.


  In this note, we derive an existence and uniqueness results for delayed
backward stochastic differential equation with only integrable data.


  This work presents a dataset collected to predict cybersickness in virtual
reality environments. The data was collected from navigation tasks in a virtual
environment designed to induce cybersickness. The dataset consists of many data
points collected from diverse participants, including physiological responses
(EDA and Heart Rate) and self-reported cybersickness symptoms. The paper will
provide a detailed description of the dataset, including the arranged
navigation task, the data collection procedures, and the data format. The
dataset will serve as a valuable resource for researchers to develop and
evaluate predictive models for cybersickness and will facilitate more research
in cybersickness mitigation.


  We prove a family of sharp bilinear space-time estimates for the half-wave
propagator. As a consequence, for radially symmetric initial data, we establish
sharp estimates of this kind for a range of exponents beyond the classical
range.


  We present a near-infrared $K$-band $R \simeq 1500$ Keck spectrum of S68N, a
Class 0 protostar in the Serpens molecular cloud. The spectrum shows a very red
continuum, CO absorption bands, weak or non-existent atomic metal absorptions,
and H$_2$ emission lines. The near-IR H$_2$ emission is consistent with
excitation in shocks or by X-rays but not by UV radiation. We model the
absorption component as a stellar photosphere plus circumstellar continuum
emission with wavelength-dependent extinction. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo
analysis shows that the most likely model parameters are consistent with a
low-temperature, low-gravity photosphere with significant extinction and no
more than modest continuum veiling. Its $T_{\mathrm{eff}} \simeq 3260$ K
effective temperature is similar to that of older, more evolved
pre-main-sequence stars, but its surface gravity log $g \simeq 2.4$ cm s$^{-2}$
is approximately 1 dex lower. This implies that the radius of this protostar is
a factor of $\sim 3$ larger than that of $10^6$ yr old T Tauri stars. Its low
veiling is consistent with a circumstellar disk having intrinsic near-IR
emission that is less than or equal to that of more evolved Class I protostars.
Along with the high extinction, this suggests that most of the circumstellar
material is in a cold envelope, as expected for a Class 0 protostar. This is
the first known detection and analysis of a Class 0 protostar absorption
spectrum.


  The feature space (including both input and output variables) characterises a
data mining problem. In predictive (supervised) problems, the quality and
availability of features determines the predictability of the dependent
variable, and the performance of data mining models in terms of
misclassification or regression error. Good features, however, are usually
difficult to obtain. It is usual that many instances come with missing values,
either because the actual value for a given attribute was not available or
because it was too expensive. This is usually interpreted as a utility or
cost-sensitive learning dilemma, in this case between misclassification (or
regression error) costs and attribute tests costs. Both misclassification cost
(MC) and test cost (TC) can be integrated into a single measure, known as joint
cost (JC). We introduce methods and plots (such as the so-called JROC plots)
that can work with any of-the-shelf predictive technique, including ensembles,
such that we re-frame the model to use the appropriate subset of attributes
(the feature configuration) during deployment time. In other words, models are
trained with the available attributes (once and for all) and then deployed by
setting missing values on the attributes that are deemed ineffective for
reducing the joint cost. As the number of feature configuration combinations
grows exponentially with the number of features we introduce quadratic methods
that are able to approximate the optimal configuration and model choices, as
shown by the experimental results.


  In this paper, we investigate the error correction capability of
column-weight-three LDPC codes when decoded using the Gallager A algorithm. We
prove that the necessary condition for a code to correct $k \geq 5$ errors is
to avoid cycles of length up to $2k$ in its Tanner graph. As a consequence of
this result, we show that given any $\alpha>0, \exists N $ such that $\forall
n>N$, no code in the ensemble of column-weight-three codes can correct all
$\alpha n$ or fewer errors. We extend these results to the bit flipping
algorithm.


  We consider directed semiflexible polymers embedded in a fluctuating surface
which is governed by either surface tension or bending rigidity. The attractive
interactions induced by the fluctuations of the surface reduce the rigidity of
the polymers. In particular, it is shown that for arbitrarily stiff parallel
polymers, there is a characteristic separation below which they prefer to bend
rather than stay linear. The out-of plane fluctuations of the polymer, screen
out the long-range fluctuation-induced forces, resulting in only a short-ranged
effective attraction.


  The minimum distance is one of the most important combinatorial
characterizations of a code. The maximum likelihood decoding problem is one of
the most important algorithmic problems of a code. While these problems are
known to be hard for general linear codes, the techniques used to prove their
hardness often rely on the construction of artificial codes. In general, much
less is known about the hardness of the specific classes of natural linear
codes. In this paper, we show that both problems are
  NP-hard for algebraic geometry codes. We achieve this by reducing a
well-known NP-complete problem to these problems using a randomized algorithm.
The family of codes in the reductions are based on elliptic curves. They have
positive rates, but the alphabet sizes are exponential in the block lengths.


  Counting independent sets on bipartite graphs (#BIS) is considered a
canonical counting problem of intermediate approximation complexity. It is
conjectured that #BIS neither has an FPRAS nor is as hard as #SAT to
approximate. We study #BIS in the general framework of two-state spin systems
on bipartite graphs. We define two notions, nearly-independent phase-correlated
spins and unary symmetry breaking. We prove that it is #BIS-hard to approximate
the partition function of any 2-spin system on bipartite graphs supporting
these two notions. As a consequence, we classify the complexity of
approximating the partition function of antiferromagnetic 2-spin systems on
bounded-degree bipartite graphs.


  A possible connection between the flavour structure of the charged fermions
and the large $\nu_\mu-\nu_\tau$ mixing motivates an ansatz for the neutrino
mass matrix with a dominant block. We distinguish between a general form and
the specific forms of the ansatz, and concentrate on the cases of
phenomenological interest. The general form can incorporate an observable
amount of CP violation in the leptonic sector. Only specific forms can
incorporate the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein solutions for solar neutrinos,
with small or large mixing angles. Other specific variants explain the Los
Alamos neutrino anomaly, or provide a two-neutrino hot dark matter component.


  Graphene-hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) scalable heterostructures are pivotal
for the development of graphene-based high-tech applications. In this work, we
demonstrate the realization of high-quality graphene-hBN heterostructures
entirely obtained with scalable approaches. hBN continuous films were grown via
ion beam-assisted physical vapor deposition directly on commercially available
$SiO_2/Si$ and used as receiving substrates for graphene single-crystal
matrixes grown by chemical vapor deposition on copper. The structural,
chemical, and electronic properties of the heterostructure were investigated by
atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical transport
measurements. We demonstrate graphene carrier mobilities exceeding $10,000
cm^2/Vs$ in ambient conditions, 30% higher than those directly measured on
$SiO_{2}/Si$. We prove the scalability of our approach by measuring more than
100 transfer length method devices over a centimeter scale, which present an
average carrier mobility of $7500 \pm 850 cm^{2}/Vs$. The reported high-quality
all-scalable heterostructures are of relevance for the development of
graphene-based high-performing electronic and optoelectronic applications.


  Light sterile neutrinos can be excited by oscillations with active neutrinos
in the early universe. Their properties can be constrained by their
contribution as extra-radiation, parameterized in terms of the effective number
of neutrino species N_ eff, and to the universe energy density today \Omega_\nu
h^2. Both these parameters have been measured to quite a good precision by the
Planck satellite experiment. We use this result to update the bounds on the
parameter space of (3+1) sterile neutrino scenarios, with an active-sterile
neutrino mass squared splitting in the range (10^{-5} - 10^2 ) eV^2. We
consider both normal and inverted mass orderings for the active and sterile
states. For the first time we take into account the possibility of two
non-vanishing active-sterile mixing angles. We find that the bounds are more
stringent than those obtained in laboratory experiments. This leads to a strong
tension with the short-baseline hints of light sterile neutrinos. In order to
relieve this disagreement, modifications of the standard cosmological scenario,
e.g. large primordial neutrino asymmetries, are required.


  The Exo-Planet Imaging Camera and Spectrograph (EPICS) for the future
42-meter European-Extremely Large Telescope, will enable direct images, and
spectra for both young and old Jupiter-mass planets in the infrared. To achieve
the required contrast, several coronagraphic concepts -- to remove starlight --
are under investigation: conventional pupil apodization (CPA), apodized-pupil
Lyot coronagraph (APLC), dual-zone coronagraph (DZC), four-quadrants phase mask
(FQPM), multi-stages FQPM, annular groove phase mask (AGPM), high order optical
vortex (OVC), and band-limited coronagraph (BLC). Recent experiment
demonstrated the interest of an halftone-dot process -- namely microdots
technique -- to generate the adequate transmission profile of pupil apodizers
for CPA, APLC, and DZC concepts. Here, we examine the use of this technique to
produce band-limited focal plane masks, and present guidelines for the design.
Additionally, we present the first near-IR laboratory results with BLCs that
confirm the microdots approach as a suitable technique for ground-based
observations.


  Density-potential functional theory (DPFT) is an alternative formulation of
orbital-free density functional theory that may be suitable for modeling the
electronic structure of large systems. To date, DPFT has been applied mainly to
quantum gases in one- and two dimensional settings. In this work, we study the
performance of DPFT when applied to real-life systems: atoms, dimers, and
nanoparticles. We build on systematic Suzuki-Trotter factorizations of the
quantum-mechanical propagator and on the Wigner function formalism,
respectively, to derive nonlocal as well as semilocal functional approximations
in complete analogy to their well-established lower-dimensional versions --
without resorting to system-specific approximations or ad-hoc measures of any
kind. The cost for computing the associated semiclassical ground-state
single-particle density scales (quasi-)linearly with particle number. We
illustrate that the developed density formulae become relatively more accurate
for larger particle numbers, can be improved systematically, are quite
universally applicable, and, hence, may offer alternatives to existing
orbital-free methods for mesoscopic quantum systems.


  Explicit formulas for {\sl orbital carriers} of periods $4$, $5$, and $6$ are
reported for discrete-time quadratic dynamics. A systematic investigation of
{\sl orbital inheritance} for periods as high as $k\leq 12$ is also reported.
Inheritance means that unknown orbits may be obtained by nonlinear
transformations of known orbits. Such nested {\sl orbit within orbit
stratification} shows orbits not to be necessarily independent of each other as
generally assumed. Orbital stratification is potentially significant to
rearrange trajectories sums in trace formulas underlying modern semiclassical
interpretations of atomic physics spectra. The stratification seems to dominate
as the orbital period grows.


  We present a comprehensive study of the cosmological solutions of 6D
braneworld models with azimuthal symmetry in the extra dimensions, moduli
stabilization by flux or a bulk scalar field, and which contain at least one
3-brane that could be identified with our world. We emphasize an unusual
property of these models: their expansion rate depends on the 3-brane tension
either not at all, or in a nonstandard way, at odds with the naive expected
dimensional reduction of these systems to 4D general relativity at low
energies. Unlike other braneworld attempts to find a self-tuning solution to
the cosmological constant problem, the apparent failure of decoupling in these
models is not associated with the presence of unstabilized moduli; rather it is
due to automatic cancellation of the brane tension by the curvature induced by
the brane. This provides some corroboration for the hope that these models
provide a distinctive step toward understanding the smallness of the observed
cosmological constant. However, we point out some challenges for obtaining
realistic cosmology within this framework.


  In this note, we prove that there exist stable Ulrich bundles of every even
rank on a smooth quartic surface $X \subset \mathbb{P}^3$ with Picard number 1.


  A new type of quiver theories, denoted twin quivers, was recently introduced
for studying $5d$ SCFTs engineered by webs of 5-branes ending on 7-branes. Twin
quivers provide an alternative perspective on various aspects of such webs,
including Hanany-Witten moves and the $s$-rule. More ambitiously, they can be
regarded as a first step towards the construction of combinatorial objects,
generalizing brane tilings, encoding the corresponding BPS quivers. This paper
continues the investigation of twin quivers, focusing on their non-uniqueness,
which stems from the multiplicity of toric phases for a given toric Calabi-Yau
3-fold. We find that the different twin quivers are necessary for describing
what we call quiver tails, which in turn correspond to certain
sub-configurations in the webs. More generally, the multiplicity of twin
quivers captures the roots of the Higgs branch in the extended Coulomb branch
of $5d$ theories.


  An $n$-dimensional chair consists of an $n$-dimensional box from which a
smaller $n$-dimensional box is removed. A tiling of an $n$-dimensional chair
has two nice applications in coding for write-once memories. The first one is
in the design of codes which correct asymmetric errors with limited-magnitude.
The second one is in the design of $n$ cells $q$-ary write-once memory codes.
We show an equivalence between the design of a tiling with an integer lattice
and the design of a tiling from a generalization of splitting (or of Sidon
sequences). A tiling of an $n$-dimensional chair can define a perfect code for
correcting asymmetric errors with limited-magnitude. We present constructions
for such tilings and prove cases where perfect codes for these type of errors
do not exist.


  Cramer's Transactional Interpretation (TI) is applied to the "Quantum Liar
Experiment" (QLE). It is shown how some apparently paradoxical features can be
explained naturally, albeit nonlocally (since TI is an explicitly nonlocal
interpretation, at least from the vantage point of ordinary spacetime). At the
same time, it is proposed that in order to preserve the elegance and economy of
the interpretation, it may be necessary to consider offer and confirmation
waves as propagating in a "higher space" of possibilities.


  This paper identifies the mathematical equivalence between economic networks
of Cobb-Douglas agents and Artificial Neural Networks. It explores two
implications of this equivalence under general conditions. First, a burgeoning
literature has established that network propagation can transform microeconomic
perturbations into large aggregate shocks. Neural network equivalence amplifies
the magnitude and complexity of this phenomenon. Second, if economic agents
adjust their production and utility functions in optimal response to local
conditions, market pricing is a sufficient and robust channel for information
feedback leading to macro learning.


  The chemical abundances of the metal-poor stars in the stellar stream provide
important information for setting constraints on models of neutron-capture
processes. The study of these stars could give us a better understanding of
r-process nucleosynthesis and chemical composition of the early Galaxy. Using
the updated main r-process and weak r-process patterns, we fit abundances in
the stellar stream stars. The weak r-process component coefficients are almost
constant for the sample stars, including r-rich stars, which means that both
weak r-process and Fe are produced as primary elements from SNeII and their
yields have nearly a constant mass fraction. The difference between the stream
stars and r-rich stars is obvious. For the stream stars, that the increase
trend in the main r-process component coefficients as metallicity increases
means the gradual increase in the production of main r-process elements
relative to iron. This behavior implies that the masses of progenitors for the
main r-process are smaller than those of the weak r-process. Furthermore, we
find metal-poor stream star HD 237846 is a weak r-process star.


  We present a computational analysis that establishes the $O(1/K)$ convergence
of the distributed gradient tracking method when the objective function is
smooth and convex but not strongly convex. The analysis is inspired by recent
work on applying dissipativity theory to the analysis of centralized
optimization algorithms, in which convergence is proved by searching for a
numerical certificate consisting of a storage function and a supply rate. We
derive a base supply rate that can be used to analyze distributed optimization
with non-strongly convex objective functions. The base supply rate is then used
to create a class of supply rates by combining with integral quadratic
constraints. Provided that the class of supply rates is rich enough, a
numerical certificate of convergence can be automatically generated following a
standard procedure that involves solving a linear matrix inequality. Our
computational analysis is found capable of certifying convergence under a
broader range of step sizes than what is given by the original analytic result.


  This paper presents a robust carrier frequency offset(CFO) estimation
algorithm suitable for fast varying multipath channels. The proposed algorithm
estimates CFO both in time-domain and frequency-domain using two carefully
designed sequences. This novel technique possesses high accuracy as well as
large estimation range and works well in fast varying channels.


  The BTeV experiment is designed to study beauty and charm physics at the
Fermilab Tevatron collider. The goals are to make an exhaustive search for
physics beyond the Standard Model and make precise measurements of the SM
parameters. The description of the detector and the physics reach are
presented.


  We showed how the shape of cosmic voids can be used to distinguish between
different models of dark energy using galaxy positions.


  We study reaction-diffusion equations in cylinders with possibly nonlinear
diffusion and possibly nonlinear Neumann boundary conditions. We provide a
geometric Poincar\'e-type inequality and classification results for stable
solutions, and we apply them to the study of an associated nonlocal problem. We
also establish a counterexample in the corresponding framework for the
fractional Laplacian.


  The electric power transformer is a critical component in electrical
distribution networks, and the diagnosis of faults in transformers is an
important research area. Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) methods are widely
used for analyzing winding faults in transformers, particularly in Chinese
power stations. However, the current approach relies on manual expertise to
interpret FRA curves, which can be both skill-intensive and lacks precision.
This study presents a novel approach using a Multilayer perceptron model to
directly model and analyze FRA data, simulating various winding fault types and
degrees in 12-disc winding and 10-disc winding transformers with different
connection configurations, resulting in three distinct datasets. Six different
Multilayer perceptron architectures were developed, with optimal models
achieving recognition accuracies of over 99.7% for diagnosing fault degrees and
more than 90% for fault types. Hence, this paper has yielded a model
architecture that exhibits commendable performance in diagnosing various fault
types and their severities in different models of transformers when utilizing
different FRA connection methods. Additionally, a specialized diagnostic system
called FRA-DiagSys with two-stage model utilization was developed, achieving
100% accuracy in diagnosing fault types and degrees for a specific winding-10
power transformer, surpassing other diagnostic methods and strategies.


  In this paper, we consider the problem of designing a training set using the
most informative molecules from a specified library to build data-driven
molecular property models. Specifically, we use (i) sparse generalized group
additivity and (ii) kernel ridge regression as two representative classes of
models, we propose a method combining rigorous model-based design of
experiments and cheminformatics-based diversity-maximizing subset selection
within the epsilon--greedy framework to systematically minimize the amount of
data needed to train these models. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the
algorithm on subsets of various databases, including QM7, NIST, and a catalysis
dataset. For sparse group additive models, a balance between exploration
(diversity-maximizing selection) and exploitation (D-optimality selection)
leads to learning with a fraction (sometimes as little as 15%) of the data to
achieve similar accuracy as five-fold cross validation on the entire set. On
the other hand, kernel ridge regression prefers diversity-maximizing
selections.


  We introduce a lattice model for active nematic composed of self-propelled
apolar particles,study its different ordering states in the density-temperature
parameter space, and compare with the corresponding equilibrium model. The
active particles interact with their neighbours within the framework of the
Lebwohl-Lasher model, and move anisotropically along their orientation to an
unoccupied nearest neighbour lattice site. An interplay of the activity,
thermal fluctuations and density gives rise distinct states in the system. For
a fixed temperature, the active nematic shows a disordered isotropic state, a
locally ordered inhomogeneous mixed state, and bistability between the
inhomogeneous mixed and a homogeneous globally ordered state in different
density regime. In the low temperature regime, the isotropic to the
inhomogeneous mixed state transition occurs with a jump in the order parameter
at a density less than the corresponding equilibrium disorder-order transition
density. Our analytical calculations justify the shift in the transition
density and the jump in the order parameter. We construct the phase diagram of
the active nematic in the density-temperature plane.


  We here present the rate analysis and a proof of principle realization of a
device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol requiring the lowest
detection efficiency necessary to achieve a secure key compared to
device-independent protocols known so far. The protocol is based on
non-maximally entangled state and its experimental realization has been
performed by two-photon bipartite entangled states. The improvement with
respect to protocols involving maximally entangled states has been estimated.


  We study the evolution of graphs densifying by adding edges: Two vertices are
chosen randomly, and an edge is (i) established if each vertex belongs to a
tree; (ii) established with probability $p$ if only one vertex belongs to a
tree; (iii) an attempt fails if both vertices belong to unicyclic components.
Emerging simple random graphs contain only trees and unicycles. In the
thermodynamic limit of an infinite number of vertices, the fraction of vertices
in unicycles undergoes a phase transition resembling a percolation transition
in classical random graphs. In classical random graphs, a complex giant
component born at the transition eventually engulfs all finite components and
densifies forever. The evolution of simple random graphs freezes when trees
disappear. We quantify simple random graphs in the supercritical phase and the
properties of the frozen state.


  According to recent conjectures on the existence of large extra dimensions in
our universe, black holes may be produced during the interaction of Ultra High
Energy Cosmic Rays with the atmosphere. However, and so far, the proposed
signatures are based on statistical effects, not allowing identification on an
event by event basis, and may lead to large uncertainties. In this note, events
with a double bang topology, where the production and instantaneous decay of a
microscopic black hole (first bang) is followed, at a measurable distance, by
the decay of an energetic tau lepton (second bang) are proposed as an almost
background free signature. The characteristics of these events and the
capability of large cosmic ray experiments to detect them are discussed.


  Asynchronous polars (APs) are accreting white dwarfs (WDs) that have
different WD and orbital angular velocities, unlike the rest of the known
polars, which rotate synchronously (i.e., their WD and orbital angular
velocities are the same). Past nova eruptions are the predicted cause of the
asynchronicity, in part due to the fact that one of the APs, V1500 Cyg, was
observed to undergo a nova eruption in 1975. We used the Southern African Large
Telescope 10m class telescope and the MDM 2.4m Hiltner telescope to search for
nova shells around three of the remaining four APs (V1432 Aql, BY Cam, and CD
Ind) as well as one Intermediate Polar with a high asynchronicity (EX Hya). We
found no evidence of nova shells in any of our images. We therefore cannot say
that any of the systems besides V1500 Cyg had nova eruptions, but because not
all post-nova systems have detectable shells, we also cannot exclude the
possibility of a nova eruption occurring in any of these systems and knocking
the rotation out of sync.


  Using the formalism of bar complexes and their relative versions, we give a
new, purely algebraic, construction of the so-called universal elliptic KZB
connection in arbitrary level. We compute explicit analytic formulae, and we
compare our results with previous approaches to elliptic KZB equations and
multiple elliptic polylogarithms in the literature.
  Our approach is based on a number of results concerning logarithmic
differential forms on universal vector extensions of elliptic curves. Let $S$
be a scheme of characteristic zero, $E \to S$ be an elliptic curve,
$f:E^{\natural} \to S$ be its universal vector extension, and $\pi:E^{\natural}
\to E$ be the natural projection. Given a finite subset of torsion sections
$Z\subset E(S)$, we study the dg-algebra over $\mathcal{O}_S$ of relative
logarithmic differentials $\mathcal{A} =
f_*\Omega^{\bullet}_{E^{\natural}/S}(\log \pi^{-1}Z)$. In particular, we prove
that the residue exact sequence in degree one splits canonically, and we derive
the formality of $\mathcal{A}$. When $S$ is smooth over a field $k$ of
characteristic zero, we also prove that sections of $\mathcal{A}^1$ admit
canonical lifts to absolute logarithmic differentials in
$f_*\Omega^1_{E^{\natural}/k}(\log \pi^{-1}Z)$, which extends a well known
property for regular differentials given by the `crystalline nature' of
universal vector extensions.


  The top flavour-changing neutral couplings can be large in extended models
with vector-like quarks. In the next decade(s) the CERN Large Hadron Collider
will allow to measure (bound) them with a precision of few per cent.


  The Lund-jet plane has recently been proposed as a powerful jet substructure
tool with a broad range of applications. In this paper, we provide an all-order
single logarithmic calculation of the primary Lund-plane density in Quantum
Chromodynamics, including contributions from the running of the coupling,
collinear effects for the leading parton, and soft logarithms that account for
large-angle and clustering effects. We also identify a new source of clustering
logarithms close to the boundary of the jet, deferring their resummation to
future work. We then match our all-order results to exact next-to-leading order
predictions. For phenomenological applications, we supplement our perturbative
calculation with a Monte Carlo estimate of non-perturbative corrections. The
precision of our final predictions for the Lund-plane density is 5-7% at high
transverse momenta, worsening to about 20% at the lower edge of the
perturbative region, corresponding to transverse momenta of about 5 GeV. We
compare our results to a recent measurement by the ATLAS collaboration at the
Large-Hadron Collider, revealing good agreement across the perturbative domain,
i.e. down to about 5 GeV.


  For various species of biological cells, experimental observations indicate
the existence of universal distributions of the cellular size, scaling
relations between the cell-size moments and simple rules for the cell-size
control. We address a class of models for the control of cell division, and
present the steady state distributions. By introducing concepts such as
effective force and potential, we are able to address the appearance of scaling
collapse of different distributions and the connection between various moments
of the cell-size. Our approach allows us to derive strict bounds which a
potential cell-size control scenario must meet in order to yield a steady state
distribution. The so-called "adder" model for cell-size control exhibits the
weakest control that still enables the existence of stable size distribution, a
fact that might explain the relative "popularity" of this scenario for
different cells.


  In this paper, we study the occurrence of patterns in the cycle structures of
permutations.


  We study spatiotemporal regularities of electoral results and turnout rates
for each municipality (or polling station) concerning French elections between
1992 and 2007. We try to account for the data using models based on a simple
imitation of agents in the vicinity. We also propose a model of an experiment
that shows how choices are modified by knowing the choices of others agents.


  Recently the PHENIX Collaboration has made available two-particle correlation
Fourier coefficients for multiple detector combinations in minimum bias p+p and
0-5% central p+Au, d+Au, 3He+Au collisions at 200 GeV [1]. Using these
coefficients for three sets of two-particle correlations, azimuthal anisotropy
coefficients $v_2$ and $v_3$ are extracted for midrapidity charged hadrons as a
function of transverse momentum. In this paper, we use the available
coefficients to explore various non-flow hypotheses as well as compare the
results with theoretical model calculations. The non-flow methods fail basic
closure tests with AMPT and PYTHIA/ANGANTYR, particularly when including
correlations with particles in the low multiplicity light-projectile going
direction. In data, the non-flow adjusted $v_2$ results are modestly lower in
p+Au and the adjusted $v_3$ results are more significantly higher in p+Au and
d+Au. However, the resulting higher values for the ratio $v_3/v_2$ in p+Au at
RHIC compared to p+Pb at the LHC is additional evidence for a significant
over-correction. Incorporating these additional checks, the conclusion that
these flow coefficients are dominated by initial geometry coupled with
final-state interactions (e.g.~hydrodynamic expansion of quark-gluon plasma)
remains true, and explanations based on initial-state glasma are ruled out. The
detailed balance between intrinsic and fluctuation-driven geometry and the
exact role of weakly versus strongly-coupled pre-hydrodynamic evolution remains
an open question for triangular flow, requiring further theoretical and
experimental investigation.


  The Koopman Operator (KO) provides an analytical solution of dynamical
systems in terms of orthogonal polynomials. This work exploits this
representation to include the propagation of uncertainties, where the
polynomials are modified to work with stochastic variables. Thus, a new
uncertainty quantification technique is proposed, where the KO solution is
expanded to include the prediction of central moments, up to an arbitrary
order. The propagation of uncertainties is then expanded to develop a new
filtering algorithm, where measurements are considered as additional
observables in the KO mathematics. Numerical simulations in astrodynamics
assess the accuracy and performance of the new methodologies.


  As one of the most luminous radio-loud quasars showing intrinsic ultraviolet
(UV) and X-ray absorption, 3C 351 provides a laboratory for studying the
kinematics and physical conditions of such ionized absorbers. We present an
analysis of the intrinsic absorption lines in the high-resolution ($\sim$ 7
km/s) far-UV spectrum which was obtained from observations with the Space
Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope
(HST). The spectrum spans wavelengths from 1150 \AA to 1710 \AA, and shows
strong emission lines from O VI and Ly$\alpha$. Associated absorption lines are
present on the blue wings of the high-ionization emission doublets O VI
$\lambda\lambda$ 1032,1038 and N V $\lambda\lambda$ 1238,1242, as well as the
Lyman lines through Ly$\epsilon$. These intrinsic absorption features are
resolved into several distinct kinematic components, covering rest-frame
velocities from -40 to -2800 km/s, with respect to the systemic redshift of
$z_{em}=0.3721$. For the majority of these absorption line regions, strong
evidence of partial covering of both the background continuum source and the
BELR is found, which supports the intrinsic absorption origin and rules out the
possibility that the absorption arises in some associated cluster of galaxies.
The relationship between the far-UV absorbers and X-ray `warm' absorbers are
studied with the assistance of photoionization models. Most of the UV
associated absorption components have low values of the ionization parameter
and total hydrogen column densities, which is inconsistent with previous claims
that the UV and X-ray absorption arises in the same material. Analysis of these
components supports a picture with a wide range of ionization parameters,
temperatures, and column densities in AGN outflows.


  This article is primarily meant to present an early case study on using MLIR,
a new compiler intermediate representation infrastructure, for high-performance
code generation. Aspects of MLIR covered in particular include memrefs, the
affine dialect, and polyhedral utilities and pass infrastructure surrounding
those. This article is also aimed at showing the role compiler infrastructure
could play in generating code that is competitive with highly tuned manually
developed libraries, albeit in a more modular, reusable, and automatable way.


  We investigate for the first time the enhancement of the stimulated Raman
scattering in slow-light Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) photonic crystal line
defect waveguides. By applying the Bloch-Floquet formalism to the guided modes
in a planar photonic crystal, we develop a formalism that relates the intensity
of the down-shifted Stokes signal to the pump intensity and the modal group
velocities. The formalism is then applied to two prospective schemes for
enhanced stimulated Raman generation in slow-light photonic crystal waveguides.
The results demonstrate a maximum factor of 10^4 (66,000) enhancement with
respect to SOI channel waveguides. Effects of two photon absorption, intrinsic
scattering, and disorder with respect to slow-light Raman generation towards
optically-pumped silicon amplifiers and lasers are also discussed.


  Goal representation affects the performance of Hierarchical Reinforcement
Learning (HRL) algorithms by decomposing the complex learning problem into
easier subtasks. Recent studies show that representations that preserve
temporally abstract environment dynamics are successful in solving difficult
problems and provide theoretical guarantees for optimality. These methods
however cannot scale to tasks where environment dynamics increase in complexity
i.e. the temporally abstract transition relations depend on larger number of
variables. On the other hand, other efforts have tried to use spatial
abstraction to mitigate the previous issues. Their limitations include
scalability to high dimensional environments and dependency on prior knowledge.
  In this paper, we propose a novel three-layer HRL algorithm that introduces,
at different levels of the hierarchy, both a spatial and a temporal goal
abstraction. We provide a theoretical study of the regret bounds of the learned
policies. We evaluate the approach on complex continuous control tasks,
demonstrating the effectiveness of spatial and temporal abstractions learned by
this approach. Find open-source code at https://github.com/cosynus-lix/STAR.


  In this work, we investigate the formation of a magnetic flux rope (MFR)
above the central polarity inversion line (PIL) of NOAA Active Region 12673
during its early emergence phase. Through analyzing the photospheric vector
magnetic field, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and ultraviolet (UV) images,
extrapolated three-dimensional (3D) non-linear force-free fields (NLFFFs), as
well as the photospheric motions, we find that with the successive emergence of
different bipoles in the central region, the conjugate polarities separate,
resulting in collision between the non-conjugated opposite polarities.
Nearly-potential loops appear above the PIL at first, then get sheared and
merge at the collision locations as evidenced by the appearance of a continuous
EUV sigmoid on 2017 September 4, which also indicates the formation of an MFR.
The 3D NLFFFs further reveal the gradual buildup of the MFR, accompanied by the
appearance of two elongated bald patches (BPs) at the collision locations and a
very low-lying hyperbolic flux tube configuration between the BPs. The final
MFR has relatively steady axial flux and average twist number of around
$2.1\times 10^{20}$~Mx and -1.5, respective. Shearing motions are found
developing near the BPs when the collision occurs, with flux cancellation and
UV brightenings being observed simultaneously, indicating the development of a
process named as "collisional shearing" (firstly identified by Chintzoglou et
al. 2019). The results clearly show that the MFR is formed by "collisional
shearing", i.e., through shearing and flux cancellation driven by the collision
between non-conjugated opposite polarities during their emergence.


  We establish some properties of a within host mathematical model of malaria
proposed by Recker et al which includes the role of the immune system during
the infection. The model accounts for the antigenic variation exhibited by the
malaria parasite (P. falciparum). We show that the model can exhibit a wide
variety of dynamical behaviors. We provide criteria for global stability,
competitive exclusion, and persistence. We also demonstrate that the disease
equilibrium can be destabilized by non-symmetric cross-reactive responses.


  Distance estimation from vision is fundamental for a myriad of robotic
applications such as navigation, manipulation, and planning. Inspired by the
mammal's visual system, which gazes at specific objects, we develop two novel
constraints relating time-to-contact, acceleration, and distance that we call
the $\tau$-constraint and $\Phi$-constraint. They allow an active (moving)
camera to estimate depth efficiently and accurately while using only a small
portion of the image. The constraints are applicable to range sensing, sensor
fusion, and visual servoing.
  We successfully validate the proposed constraints with two experiments. The
first applies both constraints in a trajectory estimation task with a monocular
camera and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Our methods achieve 30-70% less
average trajectory error while running 25$\times$ and 6.2$\times$ faster than
the popular Visual-Inertial Odometry methods VINS-Mono and ROVIO respectively.
The second experiment demonstrates that when the constraints are used for
feedback with efference copies the resulting closed loop system's eigenvalues
are invariant to scaling of the applied control signal. We believe these
results indicate the $\tau$ and $\Phi$ constraint's potential as the basis of
robust and efficient algorithms for a multitude of robotic applications.


  An important field of research in functional neuroimaging is the discovery of
integrated, distributed brain systems and networks, whose different regions
need to work in unison for normal functioning.
  The EEG is a non-invasive technique that can provide information for massive
connectivity analyses. Cortical signals of time varying electric neuronal
activity can be estimated from the EEG. Although such techniques have very high
time resolution, two cortical signals even at distant locations will appear to
be highly similar due to the low spatial resolution nature of the EEG.
  In this study a method for eliminating the effect of common sources due to
low spatial resolution is presented. It is based on an efficient estimation of
the whole-cortex partial coherence matrix. Using as a starting point any linear
EEG tomography that satisfies the EEG forward equation, it is shown that the
generalized partial coherences for the cortical grey matter current density
time series are invariant to the selected tomography. It is empirically shown
with simulation experiments that the generalized partial coherences have higher
spatial resolution than the classical coherences. The results demonstrate that
with as little as 19 electrodes, lag-connected brain regions can often be
missed and misplaced even with lagged coherence measures, while the new method
detects and localizes correctly the connected regions using the lagged partial
coherences.


  This is the first paper of a series presenting a Spheroid's Panchromatic
Investigation in Different Environmental Regions (SPIDER). The sample of
spheroids consists of 5,080 bright (Mr<-20) Early-Type galaxies (ETGs), in the
redshift range of 0.05 to 0.095, with optical (griz) photometry and
spectroscopy from SDSS-DR6 and Near-Infrared (YJHK) photometry from UKIDSS-LAS
(DR4). We describe how homogeneous photometric parameters (galaxy colors and
structural parameters) are derived using grizYJHK wavebands. We find no
systematic steepening of the CM relation when probing the baseline from g-r to
g-K, implying that internal color gradients drive most of the mass-metallicity
relation in ETGs. As far as structural parameters are concerned we find that
the mean effective radius of ETGs smoothly decreases, by ~30%, from g through
K, while no significant dependence on waveband is detected for the axis ratio,
Sersic index, and a4 parameters. Also, velocity dispersions are re-measured for
all the ETGs using STARLIGHT and compared to those obtained by SDSS. We compare
our (2DPHOT) measurements of total magnitude, effective radius, and mean
surface brightness with those obtained as part of the SDSS pipeline (Photo).
Significant differences are found and reported, including comparisons with a
third and independent part. A full characterization of the sample completeness
in all wavebands is presented, establishing the limits of application of the
characteristic parameters presented here for the analysis of the global scaling
relations of ETGs.


  Access to health care services is a critical determinant of population health
and well-being. Measuring spatial accessibility to health services is essential
for understanding health care distribution and addressing potential inequities.
In this study, we developed a geoprocessing toolbox including Python script
tools for the ArcGIS Pro environment to measure the spatial accessibility of
health services using both classic and enhanced versions of the 2-step floating
catchment area method. Each of our tools incorporated both distance buffers and
travel time catchments to calculate accessibility scores based on users'
choices. Additionally, we developed a separate tool to create travel time
catchments that is compatible with both locally available network data sets and
ArcGIS Online data sources. We conducted a case study focusing on the
accessibility of hemodialysis services in the state of Tennessee using the 4
versions of the accessibility tools. Notably, the calculation of the target
population considered age as a significant nonspatial factor influencing
hemodialysis service accessibility. Weighted populations were calculated using
end-stage renal disease incidence rates in different age groups. The
implemented tools are made accessible through ArcGIS Online for free use by the
research community. The case study revealed disparities in the accessibility of
hemodialysis services, with urban areas demonstrating higher scores compared to
rural and suburban regions. These geoprocessing tools can serve as valuable
decision-support resources for health care providers, organizations, and policy
makers to improve equitable access to health care services. This comprehensive
approach to measuring spatial accessibility can empower health care
stakeholders to address health care distribution challenges effectively.


  The traditional two-state hidden Markov model divides the high frequency
coefficients only into two states (large and small states). Such scheme is
prone to produce an inaccurate statistical model for the high frequency subband
and reduces the quality of fusion result. In this paper, a fine-grained
multi-state contextual hidden Markov model (MCHMM) is proposed for infrared and
visible image fusion in the non-subsampled Shearlet domain, which takes full
consideration of the strong correlations and level of details of NSST
coefficients. To this end, an accurate soft context variable is designed
correspondingly from the perspective of context correlation. Then, the
statistical features provided by MCHMM are utilized for the fusion of high
frequency subbands. To ensure the visual quality, a fusion strategy based on
the difference in regional energy is proposed as well for lowfrequency
subbands. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve
a superior performance compared with other fusion methods in both subjective
and objective aspects.


  We perform detailed investigation of cosmological perturbations in f(T)
theory of gravity coupled with scalar field. Our work emphasizes on the way to
gauge fix the theory and we examine all possible modes of perturbations up to
second order. The analysis includes pseudoscalar and pseudovector modes in
addition to the usual scalar, vector, and tensor modes. We find no
gravitational propagating degree of freedom in the scalar, pseudoscalar,
vector, as well as pseudovector modes. In addition, we find that the scalar and
tensor perturbations have exactly the same form as their counterparts in usual
general relativity with scalar field, except that the factor of reduced Planck
mass squared $M_{\text{pl}}^2 \equiv 1/(8\pi G)$ that occurs in the latter has
now been replaced by an effective time-dependentgravitational coupling $-2
(df/dT)|_{T=T_0}$, with $T_0$ being the background torsion scalar. The absence
of extra degrees of freedom of f(T) gravity at second order linear perturbation
indicates that f(T) gravity is highly nonlinear. Consequently one cannot
conclusively analyze stability of the theory without performing nonlinear
analysis that can reveal the propagation of the extra degrees of freedom.


  In this work, we propose a novel robot learning framework called Neural Task
Programming (NTP), which bridges the idea of few-shot learning from
demonstration and neural program induction. NTP takes as input a task
specification (e.g., video demonstration of a task) and recursively decomposes
it into finer sub-task specifications. These specifications are fed to a
hierarchical neural program, where bottom-level programs are callable
subroutines that interact with the environment. We validate our method in three
robot manipulation tasks. NTP achieves strong generalization across sequential
tasks that exhibit hierarchal and compositional structures. The experimental
results show that NTP learns to generalize well to- wards unseen tasks with
increasing lengths, variable topologies, and changing objectives.


  The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) project is a survey for new
transiting planets around bright stars. KELT-South is a small-aperture,
wide-field automated telescope located at Sutherland, South Africa. The
telescope surveys a set of 26 degree by 26 degree fields around the southern
sky, and targets stars in the range of 8 < V < 10 mag, searching for transits
by Hot Jupiters. This paper describes the KELT-South system hardware and
software and discusses the quality of the observations. We show that KELT-South
is able to achieve the necessary photometric precision to detect transits of
Hot Jupiters around solar-type main-sequence stars.


  We consider the problem of $2$-coloring geometric hypergraphs. Specifically,
we show that there is a constant $m$ such that any finite set of points in the
plane $\mathcal{S} \subset {\mathbb R}^2$ can be $2$-colored such that every
axis-parallel square that contains at least $m$ points from $\mathcal{S}$
contains points of both colors. Our proof is constructive, that is, it provides
a polynomial-time algorithm for obtaining such a $2$-coloring. By affine
transformations this result immediately applies also when considering
$2$-coloring points with respect to homothets of a fixed parallelogram.


  We consider the interaction between distinct superradiance (SR) systems and
use the dressed state formalism to solve the case of two interacting two-atom
SR samples at resonance. We show that the ensuing entanglement modifies the
transition rates and intensities of radiation, as well as introduces a
potentially measurable frequency chirp in the SR cascade, the magnitude of
which being a function of the separation between the samples. For the dominant
SR cascade we find a significant reduction in the duration and an increase of
the intensity of the SR pulse relative to the case of a single two-atom SR
sample.


  Pure rotational spectra of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -
acenaphthene, acenaphthylene and fluorene - have been obtained by Fourier
transform microwave spectroscopy of a molecular beam and subsequently by
millimeter wave absorption spectroscopy for acenaphthene and fluorene. The data
presented here will be useful for deep radio astronomical searches for PAHs
employing large radio telecopes.


  This paper proposes a formal framework for modeling the interaction of causal
and (qualitative) epistemic reasoning. To this purpose, we extend the notion of
a causal model with a representation of the epistemic state of an agent. On the
side of the object language, we add operators to express knowledge and the act
of observing new information. We provide a sound and complete axiomatization of
the logic, and discuss the relation of this framework to causal team semantics.


  This work proposes a neural network architecture that learns policies for
multiple agent classes in a heterogeneous multi-agent reinforcement setting.
The proposed network uses directed labeled graph representations for states,
encodes feature vectors of different sizes for different entity classes, uses
relational graph convolution layers to model different communication channels
between entity types and learns distinct policies for different agent classes,
sharing parameters wherever possible. Results have shown that specializing the
communication channels between entity classes is a promising step to achieve
higher performance in environments composed of heterogeneous entities.


  The response of a SERF atomic magnetometer to a repetitive short-pulsed pump
was investigated. Quantum sub-resonances at a repetition rate of $1/n$ of the
Larmor frequency of the magnetic field inside the shield are experimentally
observed and theoretically explained. This is a type of synchronization
phenomenon. Investigations in single alkali atoms cells as well as mixed alkali
atoms of K and Rb are presented. In the later, one species is pumped while the
probe is on the other specie polarized by spin exchange. The effect of spin
destruction, spin exchange and collisions are studied in order to account for
the width of the resonances. Quantum calculations of a three levels $\Lambda$
model for this phenomenon exhibit a dip at the resonance frequency in the
absorption spectrum for both cases of pulsed and CW pump modes and an evidence
for EIT.


  Cylindrical spacetimes with rotation are studied using the Newmann-Penrose
formulas. By studying null geodesic deviations the physical meaning of each
component of the Riemann tensor is given. These spacetimes are further extended
to include rotating dynamic shells, and the general expression of the surface
energy-momentum tensor of the shells is given in terms of the discontinuation
of the first derivatives of the metric coefficients. As an application of the
developed formulas, a stationary shell that generates the Lewis solutions,
which represent the most general vacuum cylindrical solutions of the Einstein
field equations with rotation, is studied by assuming that the spacetime inside
the shell is flat. It is shown that the shell can satisfy all the energy
conditions by properly choosing the parameters appearing in the model, provided
that $ 0 \le \sigma \le 1$, where $\sigma$ is related to the mass per unit
length of the shell.


  Federated learning (FL) with noisy labels poses a significant challenge.
Existing methods designed for handling noisy labels in centralized learning
tend to lose their effectiveness in the FL setting, mainly due to the small
dataset size and the heterogeneity of client data. While some attempts have
been made to tackle FL with noisy labels, they primarily focused on scenarios
involving class-conditional noise. In this paper, we study the more challenging
and practical issue of instance-dependent noise (IDN) in FL. We introduce a
novel algorithm called FedBeat (Federated Learning with Bayesian
Ensemble-Assisted Transition Matrix Estimation). FedBeat aims to build a global
statistically consistent classifier using the IDN transition matrix (IDNTM),
which encompasses three synergistic steps: (1) A federated data extraction step
that constructs a weak global model and extracts high-confidence data using a
Bayesian model ensemble method. (2) A federated transition matrix estimation
step in which clients collaboratively train an IDNTM estimation network based
on the extracted data. (3) A federated classifier correction step that enhances
the global model's performance by training it using a loss function tailored
for noisy labels, leveraging the IDNTM. Experiments conducted on CIFAR-10 and
SVHN verify that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art
methods.


  In this paper, we propose a lower rank quaternion decomposition algorithm and
apply it to color image inpainting. We introduce a concise form for the
gradient of a real function in quaternion matrix variables. The optimality
conditions of our quaternion least squares problem have a simple expression
with this form. The convergence and convergence rate of our algorithm are
established with this tool.


  The LDA-1/2 method is employed in density functional theory calculations for
the electronic structure of III-V dilute bismide systems. For the
representative example of Ga(SbBi) with Bi concentrations below $10 \%$, it is
shown that this method works very efficiently, especially due to its reasonably
low demand on computer memory. The resulting bandstructure and wavefunctions
are used to compute the interaction matrix elements that serve as input to
microscopic calculations of the optical properties and intrinsic losses
relevant for optoelectronic applications of dilute bismides.


  We discuss the interconnections between basic correlation measures of a
bipartite quantum state and basic information characteristics of a quantum
channel, focusing on the benefits of these interconnections for solving
specific problems concerning the characteristics of both types.
  We describe properties of the (unoptimized and optimized) quantum discord in
infinite-dimensional bipartite systems. In particular, using the generalized
Koashi-Winter relation, a simple condition is obtained that guarantees that a
state with zero quantum discord is quantum-classical. Two possible definitions
of the quantum discord for states with infinite one-way classical correlation
are proposed and analysed.
  The generalized versions of Koashi-Winter and Xi-Lu-Wang-Li relations are
used to obtain advanced continuity bounds for the Holevo information at the
outputs of a channel and its complementary channel (as functions of a channel
for a given ensemble of input states), for the Holevo capacity and the
unregularized private capacity of a quantum channel depending either on the
input dimension or on the input energy bound.
  We also discuss the properties of quantum channels which are "doppelgangers"
of the monotonicity of the quantum discord and the entropy reduction of a local
measurement under quantum channels acting on an unmeasured subsystem.


  Observations of low-mass stars reveal a variety of magnetic field topologies
ranging from large-scale, axial dipoles to more complex magnetic fields. At the
same time, three-dimensional spherical simulations of convectively driven
dynamos reproduce a similar diversity, which is commonly obtained either with
Boussinesq models or with more realistic models based on the anelastic
approximation, which take into account the variation of the density with depth
throughout the convection zone. Nevertheless, a conclusion from different
anelastic studies is that dipolar solutions seem more difficult to obtain as
soon as substantial stratifications are considered. In this paper, we aim at
clarifying this point by investigating in more detail the influence of the
density stratification on dipolar dynamos. To that end, we rely on a systematic
parameter study that allows us to clearly follow the evolution of the stability
domain of the dipolar branch as the density stratification is increased. The
impact of the density stratification both on the dynamo onset and the dipole
collapse is discussed and compared to previous Boussinesq results. Furthermore,
our study indicates that the loss of the dipolar branch does not ensue from a
specific modification of the dynamo mechanisms related to the background
stratification, but could instead result from a bias as our observations
naturally favour a certain domain in the parameter space characterized by
moderate values of the Ekman number, owing to current computational
limitations. Moreover, we also show that the critical magnetic Reynolds number
of the dipolar branch is scarcely modified by the increase of the density
stratification, which provides an important insight into the global
understanding of the impact of the density stratification on the stability
domain of the dipolar dynamo branch.


  We provide new formulae for the degenerations of the bilateral basic
hypergeometric function ${}_1\psi_1 ( a; b; q, z )$ with using the
$q$-Borel-Laplace transformation. These are thought of as the first step to
construct connection formulae of $q$-difference equation for ${}_1\psi_1 ( a;
b; q, z )$. Moreover, we show that our formulae have the $q \to 1 - 0$ limit.


  In this paper, first we introduce the notion of a twisted Rota-Baxter
operator on a 3-Lie algebra $\g$ with a representation on $V$. We show that a
twisted Rota-Baxter operator induces a 3-Lie algebra structure on $V$, which
represents on $\g$. By this fact, we define the cohomology of a twisted
Rota-Baxter operator and study infinitesimal deformations of a twisted
Rota-Baxter operator using the second cohomology group. Then we introduce the
notion of an NS-3-Lie algebra, which produces a 3-Lie algebra with a
representation on itself. We show that a twisted Rota-Baxter operator induces
an NS-3-Lie algebra naturally. Thus NS-3-Lie algebras can be viewed as the
underlying algebraic structures of twisted Rota-Baxter operators on 3-Lie
algebras. Finally we show that a Nijenhuis operator on a 3-Lie algebra gives
rise to a representation of the deformed 3-Lie algebra and a 2-cocycle.
Consequently, the identity map will be a twisted Rota-Baxter operator on the
deformed 3-Lie algebra. We also introduce the notion of a Reynolds operator on
a 3-Lie algebra, which can serve as a special case of twisted Rota-Baxter
operators on 3-Lie algebras.


  Precise measurements of Z-boson parameters and W-boson and t-quark masses put
strong constraints on non SU(2) * U(1) singlet New Physics. We demonstrate that
one extra generation passes electroweak constraints even when all new particle
masses are well above their direct mass bounds.


  An Euler tour in a hypergraph (also called a rank-2 universal cycle or
1-overlap cycle in the context of designs) is a closed walk that traverses
every edge exactly once. In this paper, we define a covering $k$-hypergraph to
be a non-empty $k$-uniform hypergraph in which every $(k-1)$-subset of vertices
appear together in at least one edge. We then show that every covering
$k$-hypergraph, for $k\geq 3$, admits an Euler tour if and only if it has at
least two edges.


  We study the quantum phase transition of an itinerant antiferromagnet with
cubic anisotropy in the presence of quenched disorder, paying particular
attention to the locally ordered spatial regions that form in the Griffiths
region. We derive an effective action where these rare regions are described in
terms of static annealed disorder. A one loop renormalization group analysis of
the effective action shows that for order parameter dimensions $p<4$ the rare
regions destroy the conventional critical behavior. For order parameter
dimensions $p>4$ the critical behavior is not influenced by the rare regions,
it is described by the conventional dirty cubic fixed point. We also discuss
the influence of the rare regions on the fluctuation-driven first-order
transition in this system.


  For binary black holes the lapse function corresponding to the
Brill-Lindquist initial value solution for uncharged black holes is given in
analytic form under the maximal slicing condition. In the limiting case of very
small ratio of mass to separation between the black holes the surface defined
by the zero value of the lapse function coincides with the minimal surfaces
around the singularities.


  MathML has been successful in improving the accessibility of mathematical
notation on the web. All major screen readers support MathML to generate
speech, allow navigation of the math, and generate braille. A troublesome area
remains: handling ambiguous notations such as \( \vert x\vert\). While it is
possible to speak this syntactically, anecdotal evidence indicates most people
prefer semantic speech such as ``absolute value of x'' or ``determinant of x''
instead of ``vertical bar x vertical bar'' when first hearing an expression.
Several heuristics to infer semantics have improved speech, but ultimately, the
author is the one who definitively knows how an expression is meant to be
spoken. The W3C Math Working Group is in the process of allowing authors to
convey their intent in MathML markup via an intent attribute. This paper
describes that work.


  The standard model for galaxy bias is built in a Newtonian framework, and
several attempts have been made in the past to put it in a relativistic
framework. The focus of past works was, however, to use the same Newtonian
formulation, but to provide its interpretation in a relativistic framework by
either fixing a gauge condition or transforming to a local coordinate system.
Here we demonstrate that these reverse-engineered approaches do not respect the
diffeomorphism symmetry in general relativity, and we need to develop a
covariant model of galaxy bias that is diffeomorphism compatible. We consider a
simple toy model for galaxy bias and discuss the impact for measuring the
primordial non-Gaussianity.


  We present methods to construct flows with varying sets of KMS infinity
states on a given simple unital AF-algebra. It follows, for example, that for
any pair D and E of non-empty compact metric spaces there is a flow on the CAR
algebra whose set of KMS infinity states is homeomorphic to D while the set of
KMS infinity states for the inverted flow is homeomorphic to E. Remarkably the
flows that realize all such pairs D and E can be chosen to have isomorphic KMS
bundles.


  HST/ACS observations along the major axis of M33 show that the mean age of
its stars decreases with increasing distance from the galaxy center. Such a
behavior is consistent with an inside-out growth of the disc. However, in the
outermost observed field, at r$\simeq$11.6 kpc, a reversal of this gradient is
detected, with old stars found in high percentages beyond this radius. In this
work we investigate the origin of such a reversal in stellar age gradient, by
using a simulated M33 analogue from the Constrained Local UniversE Simulations
(CLUES). The simulated M33 is similar to the observed one in terms of mass,
rotation velocity, surface brightness and, similar to what has been reported in
observations, shows a stellar age turnaround at large radii. We demonstrate
that this reversal is mostly a result of stellar accretion from old satellite
galaxies and, to a lesser extent, of stellar migration of in-situ stars. The
old accreted stars, with formation times tf < 4 Gyrs, are kinematically hot and
can be differentiated from the in-situ stars by their high velocity dispersion
and the fact that they do not have rotationally-supported orbits. In the
future, obtaining kinematic information of the stars in the outskirt of M33
will help to verify this scenario.


  Recent developments in quantum annealing techniques have been indicating
potential advantage of quantum annealing for solving NP-hard optimization
problems. In this article we briefly indicate and discuss the beneficial
features of quantum annealing techniques and compare them with those of
simulated annealing techniques. We then briefly discuss the quantum annealing
studies of some model spin glass and kinetically constrained systems.


  We establish higher order trace formulas for pairs of contractions along a
multiplicative path generated by a self-adjoint operator in a Schatten-von
Neumann ideal, removing earlier stringent restrictions on the kernel and defect
operator of the contractions. We also derive higher order trace formulas for
maximal dissipative operators under relaxed assumptions and new simplified
trace formulas for unitary and resolvent comparable self-adjoint operators. The
respective spectral shift measures are absolutely continuous and, in the case
of contractions, the class of admissible functions includes functions whose
higher order derivatives belong to the Wiener class. Both aforementioned
properties are new in the mentioned generality.


  Active Galactic Nuclei (hereafter AGN) produce powerful outflows which offer
excellent conditions for efficient particle acceleration in internal and
external shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection events. The jets as well
as particle accelerating regions close to the supermassive black holes
(hereafter SMBH) at the intersection of plasma inflows and outflows, can
produce readily detectable very high energy gamma-ray emission. As of now, more
than 45 AGN including 41 blazars and 4 radiogalaxies have been detected by the
present ground-based gamma-ray telescopes, which represents more than one third
of the cosmic sources detected so far in the VHE gamma-ray regime. The future
Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) should boost the sample of AGN detected in the
VHE range by about one order of magnitude, shedding new light on AGN population
studies, and AGN classification and unification schemes. CTA will be a unique
tool to scrutinize the extreme high-energy tail of accelerated particles in
SMBH environments, to revisit the central engines and their associated
relativistic jets, and to study the particle acceleration and emission
mechanisms, particularly exploring the missing link between accretion physics,
SMBH magnetospheres and jet formation. Monitoring of distant AGN will be an
extremely rewarding observing program which will inform us about the inner
workings and evolution of AGN. Furthermore these AGN are bright beacons of
gamma-rays which will allow us to constrain the extragalactic infrared and
optical backgrounds as well as the intergalactic magnetic field, and will
enable tests of quantum gravity and other "exotic" phenomena.


  We study beams of medium-energy electrons and positrons which obey the Dirac
equation and scatter from nuclei with $Z > 100.$ At small distances the
potential is modelled to be that of a charged sphere. A large peak is found in
the probability of positron penetration to the origin for $Z \approx 184.$ This
may be understood as an example of Klein tunnelling through the Coulomb
barrier: it is the analogue of the Klein Paradox for the Coulomb potential.


  The question in the title, first raised by Goldman and Donaldson, was
partially answered by Reznikov. We give a complete answer, as follows: if G can
be realized as both the fundamental group of a closed 3-manifold and of a
compact K\"ahler manifold, then G must be finite, and thus belongs to the
well-known list of finite subgroups of O(4).


  We examine a thick accretion disc in the presence of external gravity and
intrinsic dipolar magnetic field due to a non-rotating central object. In this
paper, we generalize the Newtonian theory of stationary axisymmetric resistive
tori of Tripathy, Prasanna $\&$ Das (1990) by including the fully general
relativistic features. If we are to obtain the steady state configuration, we
have to take into account the finite resistivity for the magnetofluid in order
to avoid the piling up of the field lines anywhere in the accretion discs. The
efficient value of conductivity must be much smaller than the classical
conductivity to be astrophysically interesting. The accreting plasma in the
presence of an external dipole magnetic field gives rise to a current in the
azimuthal direction. The azimuthal current produced due to the motion of the
magnetofluid modifies the magnetic field structure inside the disc and
generates a poloidal magnetic field for the disc. The solutions we have found
show that the radial inflow, pressure and density distributions are strongly
modified by the electrical conductivity both in relativistic and Newtonian
regimes. However, the range of conductivity coefficient is different for both
regimes, as well as that of the angular momentum parameter and the radius of
the innermost stable circular orbit. Furthermore, it is shown that the
azimuthal velocity of the disc which is not dependent on conductivity is
sub-Keplerian in all radial distances for both regimes. Owing to the presence
of pressure gradient and magnetic forces. This work may also be important for
the general relativistic computational magnetohydrodynamics that suffers from
the lack of exact analytic solutions that are needed to test computer codes.


  When a quantum system initialized in a product state is subjected to either
coherent or incoherent dynamics, the entropy of any of its connected partitions
generically increases as a function of time, signalling the inevitable
spreading of (quantum) information throughout the system. Here, we show that,
in the presence of continuous symmetries and under ubiquitous experimental
conditions, symmetry-resolved information spreading is inhibited due to the
competition of coherent and incoherent dynamics: in given quantum number
sectors, entropy decreases as a function of time, signalling dynamical
purification. Such dynamical purification bridges between two distinct short
and intermediate time regimes, characterized by a log-volume and log-area
entropy law, respectively. It is generic to symmetric quantum evolution, and as
such occurs for different partition geometry and topology, and classes of
(local) Liouville dynamics. We then develop a protocol to measure
symmetry-resolved entropies and negativities in synthetic quantum systems based
on the random unitary toolbox, and demonstrate the generality of dynamical
purification using experimental data from trapped ion experiments [Brydges et
al., Science 364, 260 (2019)]. Our work shows that symmetry plays a key role as
a magnifying glass to characterize many-body dynamics in open quantum systems,
and, in particular, in noisy-intermediate scale quantum devices.


  In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of different integrating
front-ends employed in broad-band communications through \textit{lossy}
channels. Time-domain receivers for broad-band communication typically deal
with large integrated noise due to its high bandwidth of operation. However,
unlike traditional wireline systems that are typically not noise-limited,
channels with high channel-loss render the input signal swing to be very small
imposing several challenges in RX design as the circuits operate in the
noise-limited regime. This simultaneous high integrated noise and low
signal-swing limits the maximum achievable data-rate for a target
bit-error-rate (BER) and deteriorates the energy-efficiency of the RX. In this
work, transient, noise and gain performance of different standard signaling
blocks have been obtained with closed-form expressions and are validated
through spice-simulations. Multi-integrator cascade has been proposed which
provides significant gain with relatively lower power consumption than the
standard gain elements. Also, maximum achievable data-rate and optimum energy
efficiency for different channel losses have been obtained theoretically for
different architectures revealing their advantages and limitations. All the
pertaining circuits have been designed in 65 nm CMOS process with a 1 V supply
voltage.


  Shape morphing magnetic soft materials, composed of magnetic particles in a
soft polymer matrix, can transform shapes reversibly, remotely, and rapidly,
finding diverse applications in actuators, soft robotics, and biomedical
devices. To achieve on-demand and sophisticated shape morphing, the
manufacturing of structures with complex geometry and magnetization
distribution is highly desired. Here, we report a magnetic dynamic polymer
composite composed of hard-magnetic microparticles in a dynamic polymer network
with thermal-responsive reversible linkages, which permit functionalities
including targeted welding, magnetization reprogramming, and structural
reconfiguration. These functions not only provide highly desirable structural
and material programmability and reprogrammability but also enable the
manufacturing of structures with complex geometry and magnetization
distribution. The targeted welding is exploited for modular assembling of
fundamental building modules with specific logics for complex actuation. The
magnetization reprogramming enables altering the morphing mode of the
manufactured structures. The shape reconfiguration under magnetic actuation is
coupled with network plasticity to remotely transform two-dimensional
tessellations into complex three-dimensional architectures, providing a new
strategy of manufacturing functional soft architected materials such as
three-dimensional kirigami. We anticipate that the reported magnetic dynamic
polymer provides a new paradigm for the design and manufacturing of future
multifunctional assemblies and reconfigurable morphing architectures and
devices.


  The concept of kurtosis is used to describe and compare theoretical and
empirical distributions in a multitude of applications. In this connection, it
is commonly applied to asymmetric distributions. However, there is no rigorous
mathematical foundation establishing what is meant by kurtosis of an asymmetric
distribution and what is required to measure it properly. All corresponding
proposals in the literature centre the comparison with respect to kurtosis
around some measure of central location. Since this either disregards critical
amounts of information or is too restrictive, we instead revisit a canonical
approach that has barely received any attention in the literature. It reveals
the non-transitivity of kurtosis orderings due to an intrinsic entanglement of
kurtosis and skewness as the underlying problem. This is circumvented by
restricting attention to sets of distributions with equal skewness, on which
the proposed kurtosis ordering is shown to be transitive. Moreover, we
introduce a functional that preserves this order for arbitrary asymmetric
distributions. As application, we examine the families of Weibull and
sinh-arsinh distributions and show that the latter family exhibits a
skewness-invariant kurtosis behaviour.


  The monomorphism category $\mathcal S_n(\mathcal X)$ is introduced, where
$\mathcal X$ is a full subcategory of the module category $A$-mod of Artin
algebra $A$. The key result is a reciprocity of the monomorphism operator
$\mathcal S_n$ and the left perpendicular operator $^\perp$: for a cotilting
$A$-module $T$, there is a canonical construction of a cotilting
$T_n(A)$-module ${\rm \bf m}(T)$, such that $\mathcal S_n(^\perp T) = \ ^\perp
{\rm \bf m}(T)$.
  As applications, $\mathcal S_n(\mathcal X)$ is a resolving contravariantly
finite subcategory in $T_n(A)$-mod with $\hat{\mathcal S_n(\mathcal X)} =
T_n(A)$-mod if and only if $\mathcal X$ is a resolving contravariantly finite
subcategory in $A$-mod with $\hat{\mathcal X} = A$-mod. For a Gorenstein
algebra $A$, the category $T_n(A)\mbox{-}\mathcal Gproj$ of
Gorenstein-projective $T_n(A)$-modules can be explicitly determined as
$\mathcal S_n(^\perp A)$. Also, self-injective algebras $A$ can be
characterized by the property $T_n(A)\mbox{-}\mathcal Gproj = \mathcal S_n(A)$.
Using $\mathcal S_n(A)= \ ^\perp {\rm \bf m}(D(A_A))$, a characterization of
$\mathcal S_n(A)$ of finite type is obtained.


  We give a new characterization of tilted algebras by the existence of certain
special subquivers in their Auslander-Reiten quiver. This result includes the
existent characterizations of this kind and yields a way to obtain more tilted
quotient algebras from a given algebra.


  The $\rm SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R$ symmetric Yukawa model with mirror-fermions
in the limit where the mirror-fermion is decoupled is studied both analytically
and numerically. The bare scalar self-coupling $\lambda$ is fixed at zero and
infinity. The phase structure is explored and the relevant phase transition is
found to be consistent with a second order one. The fermionic mass spectrum
close to that transition is discussed and a first non-perturbative estimate of
the influence of fermions on the upper and lower bounds on the renormalized
scalar self-coupling is given. Numerical results are confronted with
perturbative predictions.


  We present the analysis of 35.5 square degrees of images in the 1-0S(1) line
of H2 from the UK Widefield Infrared Survey for H2 (UWISH2) towards Cassiopeia
and Auriga. We have identified 98 Molecular Hydrogen emission-line Objects
(MHOs) driven by Young Stellar Objects, 60% of which are bipolar outflows and
all are new discoveries. We estimate that the UWISH2 extended emission object
catalogue contains fewer than % false positives and is complete at the 95%
level for jets and outflows brighter than the UWISH2 detection limit. We
identified reliable driving source candidates for three quarters of the
detected outflows, 40% of which are associated with groups and clusters of
stars. The driving source candidates are 20% protostars, the remainder are
CTTSs. We also identified 15 new star cluster candidates near MHOs in the
survey area.
  We find that the typical outflow identified in the sample has the following
characteristics: the position angles are randomly orientated; bipolar outflows
are straight within a few degrees; the two lobes are slightly asymmetrical in
length and brightness; the length and brightness of the lobes are not
correlated; typical time gaps between major ejections of material are 1-3kyr,
hence FU-Ori or EX-Ori eruptions are most likely not the cause of these, but we
suggest MNors as a possible source. Furthermore, we find that outflow lobe
length distributions are statistically different from the widely used total
length distributions. There are a larger than expected number of bright
outflows indicating that the flux distribution does not follow a power law.


  We report on the detection of extreme giant pulses (GPs) from one of the
oldest-known pulsars, the highly variable PSR B0950+08, with the
Amsterdam-ASTRON Radio Transient Facility And Analysis Centre (AARTFAAC), a
parallel transient detection instrument operating as a subsystem of the LOw
Frequency ARray (LOFAR). During processing of our Northern Hemisphere survey
for low-frequency radio transients, a sample of 275 pulses with fluences
ranging from 42 to 177 kJy ms were detected in one-second snapshot images. The
brightest pulses are an order of magnitude brighter than those previously
reported at 42 and 74 MHz, on par with the levels observed in a previous
long-term study at 103 MHz. Both their rate and fluence distribution differ
between and within the various studies done to date. The GP rate is highly
variable, from 0 to 30 per hour, with only two three-hour observations
accounting for nearly half of the pulses detected in the 96 h surveyed. It does
not vary significantly within a few-hour observation, but can vary strongly one
from day to the next. The spectra appear strongly and variably structured, with
emission sometimes confined to a single 195.3 kHz subband, and the pulse
spectra changing on a timescale of order 10 min.