  We show that a Frobenius sturcture is equivalent to a dually flat sturcture
in information geometry. We define a multiplication structure on the tangent
spaces of statistical manifolds, which we call the statistical product. We also
define a scalar quantity, which we call the Yukawa term. By showing two
examples from statistical mechanics, first the classical ideal gas, second the
quantum bosonic ideal gas, we argue that the Yukawa term quantifies information
generation, which resembles how mass is generated via the 3-points interaction
of two fermions and a Higgs boson (Higgs mechanism). In the classical case, The
Yukawa term is identically zero, whereas in the quantum case, the Yukawa term
diverges as the fugacity goes to zero, which indicates the Bose-Einstein
condensation.


  Mekler's construction gives an interpretation of any structure in a finite
relational language in a group (nilpotent of class $2$ and exponent $p>2$, but
not finitely generated in general). Even though this construction is not a
bi-interpretation, it is known to preserve some model-theoretic tameness
properties of the original structure including stability and simplicity. We
demonstrate that $k$-dependence of the theory is preserved, for all $k \in
\mathbb{N}$, and that NTP$_2$ is preserved. We apply this result to obtain
first examples of strictly $k$-dependent groups (with no additional structure).


  Interacting electrons in a semiconductor quantum dot at strong magnetic
fields exhibit a rich set of states, including correlated quantum fluids and
crystallites of various symmetries. We develop in this paper a perturbative
scheme based on the correlated basis functions of the composite-fermion theory,
that allows a systematic improvement of the wave functions and the energies for
low-lying eigenstates. For a test of the method, we study systems for which
exact results are known, and find that practically exact answers are obtained
for the ground state wave function, ground state energy, excitation gap, and
the pair correlation function. We show how the perturbative scheme helps
resolve the subtle physics of competing orders in certain anomalous cases.


  We present a method to construct reduced-order models for duct flows of
Bingham media. Our method is based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to
find a low-dimensional approximation to the velocity and artificial neural
network to approximate the coefficients of a given solution in the constructed
POD basis. We use well-established augmented Lagrangian method and
finite-element discretization in the "offline" stage. We show that the
resulting approximation has a reasonable accuracy, but the evaluation of the
approximate solution several orders of magnitude times faster.


  For a finite Coxeter group W, a subword complex is a simplicial complex
associated with a pair (Q, \rho), where Q is a word in the alphabet of simple
reflections, \rho is a group element. We describe the transformations of such a
complex induced by nil-moves and inverse operations on Q in the nil-Hecke
monoid corresponding to W. If the complex is polytopal, we also describe such
transformations for the dual polytope. For W simply-laced, these descriptions
and results of \cite{Go} provide an algorithm for the construction of the
subword complex corresponding to (Q, \rho) from the one corresponding to
(\delta(Q), \rho), for any sequence of elementary moves reducing the word Q to
its Demazure product \delta(Q). The former complex is spherical if and only if
the latter one is the (-1)-sphere.


  This expository essay is focused on the Shafarevich-Tate set of a group $G$.
Since its introduction for a finite group by Burnside, it has been rediscovered
and redefined more than once. We discuss its various incarnations and
properties as well as relationships (some of them conjectural) with other
local-global invariants of groups.


  We investigate the claim by Burkert and Silk (1997) that the observed
rotation curve of the dwarf irregular galaxy DDO154 cannot be reconciled with
the universal CDM halo profile of Navarro, Frenk & White (1996,1997) even when
allowance is made for the effect of violent gas outflow events on the structure
of the galaxy. By means of N-body simulations we show that under certain
conditions it is possible to obtain a reasonable fit to the observed rotation
curve without invoking Burkert & Silk's proposed spheroidal MACHO component. We
are able to best reproduce the observed decline in the rotation curve by
postulating additional hidden disc mass, in an amount that is compatible with
disc stability requirements. In the process we improve upon the results of
Navarro, Eke & Frenk (1996) on the formation of halo cores by mass loss by
using actual haloes from Cold Dark Matter simulations instead of Hernquist
(1990) distributions.


  We report on the chemical stability of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 thin films. X-ray
absorption spectroscopy at the Mn L-edge and O K-edge makes evident deviations
from the nominally expected (2/3-1/3) Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio after the growth of thin
films on LaAlO3 substrates. As-grown thin films, exhibiting Curie temperature,
TC, well below that of the LCMO bulk material, develop an unexpected Mn2+
contribution after a few days of air exposure which increases with time.
Moreover, a reduction of the saturation magnetization, MS, is also detected.
The similarity of the results obtained by electron yield and fluorescence yield
demonstrates that the location of the Mn valence anomalies are not confined to
a narrow surface region of the film but can extend throughout the film
thickness in case of granular films. High temperature annealing not only
improves the magnetic and transport properties of such as-grown films but also
recovers the expected 2/3-1/3 Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio, which thereafter is stable to
air exposure. Similar results on La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 films grown on SrTiO3 and
NdGaO3 substrates demonstrate that there is no direct relation between the
observed Mn valence instability and the strain state of the films due to their
lattice mismatch with the substrate. A mechanism for the formation of Mn2+ ions
formation is discussed.


  V1180 Cas is a young variable that has shown strong photometric fluctuations
(Delta_I~6mag) in the recent past, which have been attributed to events of
enhanced accretion. The source has entered a new high-brightness state in
Sept.2013, which we have previously analyzed through optical and near-IR
spectroscopy. To investigate the current active phase of V1180 Cas, we
performed observations with the Chandra satellite to study the X-ray emission
from the object and its connection to accretion episodes. Chandra observations
were performed in early Aug.2014. Complementary JHK photometry and J-band
spectra were taken at our Campo Imperatore facility to relate the X-ray and
near-IR emission from the target. We observe a peak of X-ray emission at the
nominal position of V1180 Cas. This signal corresponds to an X-ray luminosity
L_X(0.5-7 kev) in the range 0.8-2.2e30 erg/s. Based on the relatively short
duration of the dim states in the light curve and on stellar luminosity
considerations, we explored the possibility that the brightness minima of V1180
Cas are driven by extinction variations. From the analysis of the spectral
energy distribution of the high state we infer a stellar luminosity of 0.8-0.9
Lsun and find that the derived L_X is comparable to the average X-ray
luminosities of T Tauri stars. Moreover, the X-ray luminosity is lower than the
X-ray emission levels of 5e30 -1e31 erg/s detected at outbursts in similar
low-mass objects. Our analysis suggests that at least part of the photometric
fluctuations of V1180 Cas might be extinction effects rather than the result of
accretion excess emission. However, as the source displays spectral features
indicative of active accretion, we speculate that its photometric variations
might be the result of a combination of accretion-induced and extinction-driven
effects, as suggested for other young variables, such as V1184 Tau and V2492
Cyg.


  Beyond the linear regime of structure formation, part of cosmological
information encoded in galaxy clustering becomes inaccessible to the usual
power spectrum. "Sufficient statistics", A*, were introduced recently to
recapture the lost, and ultimately extract all, cosmological information. We
present analytical approximations for the A* and traditional power spectra as
well as for their covariance matrices in order to calculate analytically their
cosmological information content in the context of Fisher information theory.
Our approach allows the precise quantitative comparison of the techniques with
each other and to the total information in the data, and provides insights into
sufficient statistics. In particular, we find that while the A* power spectrum
has a similar shape to the usual galaxy power spectrum, its amplitude is
strongly modulated by small scale statistics. This effect is mostly responsible
for the ability of the A* power spectrum to recapture the information lost for
the usual power spectrum. We use our framework to forecast the best achievable
cosmological constraints for projected surveys as a function of their galaxy
density, and compare the information content of the two power spectra. We find
that sufficient statistics extract all cosmological information, resulting in
an approximately factor of ~2 gain for dense projected surveys at low redshift.
This increase in the effective volume of projected surveys is consistent with
previous numerical calculations.


  A systematic expansion of the Boltzmann equation for the diffusion of dilute
tracers, in powers of the Knudsen number, carried out to next-to-leading order
(NLO), gives the relativistic causal diffusion equation (Kelly's equation).
Using dimensionless combinations of dynamical quantities, we show when the
small NLO term plays a crucially important role. We proceed to show that a
derivation of Kelly's equation from a microscopic theory of the correlation
function of the number density of diffusers is possible. The correlator fulfils
the Green-Kubo relation for the diffusion constant, as well as an f-sum which
goes beyond a purely phenomenological causal theory. We argue that the
construction generalizes to the full hydrodynamic equations.


  In this work, I propose a statistical mechanical framework, for the
evaluation of the free energy in molecular systems, by "deleting" all the
molecules in a "single" step. The approach can be considered as the statistical
mechanics equivalent of the evaluation of the potential energy in classical
mechanics by accounting for the necessary work to transfer all molecules one by
one to infinite distance. As a result, the free energy of an atomistic system,
can now be expressed, as an ensample average over a configurational function
that we shall call "configuretional free energy" and correspondent to the
contribution of each configurational microstate, to the free energy of the
system, provided that the microstates are sampled according to the equilibrium
statistics. Moreover, the proposed method is capable of evaluating, the free
energy as a function of the density, from the simulated density down to zero.


  We study the effective dynamics of ferromagnetic spin chains in presence of
long-range interactions. We consider the Heisenberg Hamiltonian in one
dimension for which the spins are coupled through power-law long-range exchange
interactions with exponent $\alpha$. We add to the Hamiltonian an anisotropy in
the $z$-direction. In the framework of a semiclassical approach, we use the
Holstein-Primakoff transformation to derive an effective long-range discrete
nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. We then perform the continuum limit and we
obtain a fractional nonlinear Schr\"odinger-like equation. Finally, we study
the modulational instability of plane-waves in the continuum limit and we prove
that, at variance with the short-range case, plane waves are modulationally
unstable for $\alpha < 3$. We also study the dependence of the modulation
instability growth rate and critical wave-number on the parameters of the
Hamiltonian and on the exponent $\alpha$.


  The burgeoning commercial space transportation industry necessitates an
expansion of launch infrastructure to meet rising demands. However, future
operations from these large-scale infrastructures can result in new impacts,
particularly to air traffic operations. To rigorously reason about where such
future spaceports might be located and what their impacts might be, we
introduce a facility location planning model for future US spaceports (SPFLP).
Central considerations for the SPFLP include population density, space launch
trajectories, and potential impacts to air traffic within the US National
Airspace System (NAS). The SPFLP outputs a cost-optimal set of candidate
locations for future spaceports while satisfying a range of operational
constraints. By conducting sensitivity analyses on the SPFLP, we are able to
examine differences in flight rerouting costs and optimal launch mission
allocations. Our model and numerical experiments offer valuable insights for
future spaceport site selection, contributing to the strategic development of
commercial space transportation while keeping in mind the need to integrate
these operations within the NAS.


  We introduce a new infinite family of higher-order difference operators that
commute with the elliptic Ruijsenaars difference operators of type $A$. These
operators are related with Ruijsenaars' operators through a formula of Wronski
type.


  Given a graph $G$ and a subset of vertices $S = \{w_1, \ldots, w_t\}
\subseteq V(G)$, the multiset representation of a vertex $u\in V(G)$ with
respect to $S$ is the multiset $m(u|S) = \{| d_G(u, w_1), \ldots, d_G(u, w_t)
|\}$. A subset of vertices $S$ such that $m(u|S) = m(v|S) \iff u = v$ for every
$u, v \in V(G) \setminus S$ is said to be a multiset resolving set, and the
cardinality of the smallest such set is the outer multiset dimension. We study
the general behaviour of the outer multiset dimension, and determine its exact
value for several graph families. We also show that computing the outer
multiset dimension of arbitrary graphs is NP-hard, and provide methods for
efficiently handling particular cases.


  Audio source separation is the task of isolating sound sources that are
active simultaneously in a room captured by a set of microphones. Convolutive
audio source separation of equal number of sources and microphones has a number
of shortcomings including the complexity of frequency-domain ICA, the
permutation ambiguity and the problem's scalabity with increasing number of
sensors. In this paper, the authors propose a multiple-microphone audio source
separation algorithm based on a previous work of Mitianoudis and Davies (2003).
Complex FastICA is substituted by Robust ICA increasing robustness and
performance. Permutation ambiguity is solved using two methodologies. The first
is using the Likelihood Ration Jump solution, which is now modified to decrease
computational complexity in the case of multiple microphones. The application
of the MuSIC algorithm, as a preprocessing step to the previous solution, forms
a second methodology with promising results.


  Permutation codes are widely studied objects due to their numerous
applications in various areas, such as power line communications, block
ciphers, and the rank modulation scheme for flash memories. Several kinds of
metrics are considered for permutation codes according to their specific
applications. This paper concerns some improvements on the bounds of
permutation codes under Hamming metric and Kendall's $\tau$-metric
respectively, using mainly a graph coloring approach. Specifically, under
Hamming metric, we improve the Gilbert-Varshamov bound asymptotically by a
factor $n$, when the minimum Hamming distance $d$ is fixed and the code length
$n$ goes to infinity. Under Kendall's $\tau$-metric, we narrow the gap between
the known lower bounds and upper bounds. Besides, we also obtain some sporadic
results under Kendall's $\tau$-metric for small parameters.


  We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the Zhang-Liu matrices to be
diagonalizable over arbitrary fields and provide the eigen-decomposition when
it is possible. We use this result to calculate the order of these matrices
over any arbitrary field. This generalizes a result of the second author.


  Aims: We define the relationship between the double-mode pulsation of
Cepheids and metallicity in a more accurate way, determine the empirical
metallicities of double-mode Cepheids from homogeneous, high-resolution
spectroscopic data, and study of the period-ratio -- metallicity dependence.
Methods: The high S/N echelle spectra obtained with the FEROS spectrograph were
analyzed using a self-developed IRAF script, and the iron abundances were
determined by comparing with synthetic spectra assuming LTE. Results: Accurate
[Fe/H] values of 17 galactic beat Cepheids were determined. All these stars
have solar or slightly subsolar metallicity. Their period ratio P1/P0 shows
strong correlation with their derived [Fe/H] values. The corresponding period
ratio -- metallicity relation has been evaluated.


  The phenomenology of quantum systems in curved space-times is among the most
fascinating fields of physics, allowing --often at the gedankenexperiment
level-- constraints on tentative theories of quantum gravity. Determining the
dynamics of fields in curved backgrounds remains however a complicated task
because of the highly intricate partial differential equations involved,
especially when the space metric exhibits no symmetry. In this article, we
provide --in a pedagogical way-- a general formalism to determine this dynamics
at the semiclassical order. To this purpose, a generic expression for the
semiclassical propagator is computed and the equation of motion for the
probability four-current is derived. Those results underline a direct analogy
between the computation of the propagator in general relativistic quantum
mechanics and the computation of the propagator for stationary systems in
non-relativistic quantum mechanics. A possible application of this formalism to
curvature-induced quantum interferences is also discussed.


  When Gaussian null coordinates are adapted to a Killing horizon, the
near-horizon limit is defined by a coordinate rescaling and then by taking the
regulator parameter $\varepsilon$ to be small, as a way of zooming into the
horizon hypersurface. In this coordinate setting, it is known that the metric
of a non-extremal Killing horizon in the near-horizon limit is divergent, and
it has been a common practice to impose extremality in order to set the
divergent term to zero. Although the metric is divergent, we show for a class
of Killing horizons that the vacuum Einstein's equations can be separated into
a divergent and a finite part, leading to a well-defined minimal set of
Einstein's equations one needs to solve. We extend the result to Einstein
gravity minimally coupled to a massless scalar field. We also discuss the case
of Einstein gravity coupled to a Maxwell field, in which case the separability
holds if the Maxwell potential has non-vanishing components only in the
directions of the horizon spatial cross section.


  We present new Herschel observations of four massive, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich
Effect (SZE)-selected clusters at $0.3 \leq z \leq 1.1$, two of which have also
been observed with ALMA. We detect 19 Herschel/PACS counterparts to
spectroscopically confirmed cluster members, five of which have redshifts
determined via CO($4-3$) and [CI](${}^3P_1 - {}^3P_0$) lines. The mean [CI]/CO
line ratio is $0.19 \pm 0.07$ in brightness temperature units, consistent with
previous results for field samples. We do not detect significant stacked ALMA
dust continuum or spectral line emission, implying upper limits on mean
interstellar medium (H$_2$ + HI) and molecular gas masses. An apparent
anticorrelation of $L_{IR}$ with clustercentric radius is driven by the tight
relation between star formation rate and stellar mass. We find average specific
star formation rate log(sSFR/yr$^{-1}$) = -10.36, which is below the SFR$-M_*$
correlation measured for field galaxies at similar redshifts. The fraction of
infrared-bright galaxies (IRBGs; $\log (L_{IR}/L_\odot) > 10.6$) per cluster
and average sSFR rise significantly with redshift. For CO detections, we find
$f_{gas} \sim 0.2$, comparable to those of field galaxies, and gas depletion
timescales of about 2 Gyr. We use radio observations to distinguish active
galactic nuclei (AGNs) from star-forming galaxies. At least four of our 19
Herschel cluster members have $q_{IR} < 1.8$, implying an AGN fraction $f_{AGN}
\gtrsim 0.2$ for our PACS-selected sample.


  We show existence of periodic foams with equal cells in $\mathbb R^n$
minimizing an anisotropic perimeter.


  We give a review on the SIMP paradigm and discuss a consistent model for SIMP
dark mesons in the context of a dark QCD with flavor symmetry. The $Z'$-portal
interaction is introduced being compatible with stable dark mesons and is
responsible for making the SIMP dark mesons remain in kinetic equilibrium with
the SM during the freeze-out process. The SIMP parameter space of the $Z'$
gauge boson can be probed by future collider and direct detection experiments.


  Gluon PDFs, GPDs and TMDs play a significant role in an array of scattering
processes, including SIDIS, DVCS, exclusive meson electroproduction and p - p
scattering. Spin dependent gluon distributions can lead to distinctive features
in the angular dependences and asymmetries of the scattering processes. Of
particular interest are heavy quark production processes, wherein spin
observables of the heavy quarks adumbrate the underlying gluon spin
dependences. Top pair production at LHC is a prime example that proceeds
primarily via gluon fusion. Decays of polarized top pairs through various
channels produce a variety of correlations among the decay products - particles
and jets. Combinations of the gluon distributions, either polarized or
unpolarized, can be accessed experimentally through angular dependences of
decay products, as will be shown, along with predictions from a "flexible"
spectator model of gluon distributions.


  Cloud Computing has emerged as a successful computing paradigm for
efficiently utilizing managed compute infrastructure such as high speed
rack-mounted servers, connected with high speed networking, and reliable
storage. Usually such infrastructure is dedicated, physically secured and has
reliable power and networking infrastructure. However, much of our idle compute
capacity is present in unmanaged infrastructure like idle desktops, lab
machines, physically distant server machines, and laptops. We present a scheme
to utilize this idle compute capacity on a best-effort basis and provide high
availability even in face of failure of individual components or facilities.
  We run virtual machines on the commodity infrastructure and present a cloud
interface to our end users. The primary challenge is to maintain availability
in the presence of node failures, network failures, and power failures. We run
multiple copies of a Virtual Machine (VM) redundantly on geographically
dispersed physical machines to achieve availability. If one of the running
copies of a VM fails, we seamlessly switchover to another running copy. We use
Virtual Machine Record/Replay capability to implement this redundancy and
switchover. In current progress, we have implemented VM Record/Replay for
uniprocessor machines over Linux/KVM and are currently working on VM
Record/Replay on shared-memory multiprocessor machines. We report initial
experimental results based on our implementation.


  We examine an analytical expression for the survival probability for the time
evolution of quantum decay to discuss a regime where quantum decay is
nonexponential at all times. We find that the interference between the
exponential and nonexponential terms of the survival amplitude modifies the
usual exponential decay regime in systems where the ratio of the resonance
energy to the decay width, is less than 0.3. We suggest that such regime could
be observed in semiconductor double-barrier resonant quantum structures with
appropriate parameters.


  In this paper, we compare the abelian subalgebras and ideals of maximal
dimension for finite-dimensional Zinbiel algebras. We study Zinbiel algebras
containing maximal abelian subalgebras of codimension $1$ and supersolvable
Zinbiel algebras in which such subalgebras have codimension $2$, and we also
analyze the case of filiform Zinbiel algebras. We give examples to clarify some
results, including listing the values for $\alpha$ and $\beta$ for the low
dimensional Zinbiel algebras over the complex field that have been classified.


  Quantum mechanics is an outstandingly successful description of nature,
underpinning fields from biology through chemistry to physics. At its heart is
the quantum wavefunction, the central tool for describing quantum systems. Yet
it is still unclear what the wavefunction actually is: does it merely represent
our limited knowledge of a system, or is it an element of reality? Recent no-go
theorems argued that if there was any underlying reality to start with, the
wavefunction must be real. However, that conclusion relied on debatable
assumptions, without which a partial knowledge interpretation can be maintained
to some extent. A different approach is to impose bounds on the degree to which
knowledge interpretations can explain quantum phenomena, such as why we cannot
perfectly distinguish non-orthogonal quantum states. Here we experimentally
test this approach with single photons. We find that no knowledge
interpretation can fully explain the indistinguishability of non-orthogonal
quantum states in three and four dimensions. Assuming that some underlying
reality exists, our results strengthen the view that the entire wavefunction
should be real. The only alternative is to adopt more unorthodox concepts such
as backwards-in-time causation, or to completely abandon any notion of
objective reality.


  Theoretical works have looked into the various topologies and amplitudes, as
well as the stability of the magnetic field that is expected to be present in
the radiative interior of stars evolving after the main sequence. Such internal
magnetic fields have never been observed in evolved stars. As a result, there
is a major piece missing from our global picture of stars as dynamical bodies.
Asteroseismology opened a window onto stellar internal dynamics, as oscillation
frequencies, amplitudes, and lifetimes are affected by processes that are
taking place inside the star. In this scope, magnetic signatures on mixed-mode
frequencies have recently been characterized, but the task of detection remains
challenging as the mixed-mode frequency pattern is highly complex and affected
by rotational effects, while modes of different radial orders are often
intertwined. In this work, we aim to build a bridge between theoretical
prescriptions and complex asteroseismic data analysis to facilitate a future
search and characterization of internal magnetism with asteroseismology. We
investigate the effect of magnetic fields inside evolved stars with solar-like
oscillations on the estimation of the period spacing of gravity-mode components
of simulated mixed gravito-acoustic modes. We derived a new corrected
stretching function of the power spectrum density to account for the presence
of magnetic signatures on their frequencies. We demonstrate that the strong
dependency of the amplitude of the magnetic signature with mixed-mode
frequencies leads to biased estimates of period spacings towards lower values.
We also show that a careful analysis of the oscillation frequency pattern
through various period spacing estimates and across a broad frequency range
might lead to the first detection of magnetic fields inside red giants and at
the same time, we adjust the measured value of gravity-mode period spacing.


  This paper considers the application of widely linear (WL) receivers in an
uplink multi-user system using real-valued modulation schemes, where the
cellular base station (BS) with multiple antennas provides connectivity for
randomly deployed single-antenna users. The targeted use case is massive
machine type communication (mMTC) with grant-free access in the uplink, where
the network is required to host a large number of low data rate devices
transmitting in an uncoordinated fashion. Four types of WL receivers are
investigated, namely the WL zero-forcing (ZF) and the WL minimum meansquared
error (MMSE) receivers, along with their enhanced versions employing successive
interference cancellation (SIC) with channel-dependent ordering, i.e., the
WL-ZF-SIC and WL-MMSE-SIC receivers. The outage performances of these receivers
are analytically characterized in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime
and compared to those of conventional linear (CL) receivers using
complex-valued modulation schemes. For the non-SIC receivers, we show that,
when compared to the CL counterparts, the WL receivers yield a higher diversity
gain when decoding the same number of users and have the same diversity gain
but a decreased coding gain when the number of users is nearly doubled. The
outage performance analysis of WL-SIC receivers is facilitated by the marginal
distribution of ordered eigenvalues of a real-valued Wishart matrix. It is
shown that the SIC operation with channel-dependent ordering brings no
additional diversity gain to the WL receivers but instead increases the coding
gain. Moreover, the coding gain of WL-SIC receivers grows as the number of
users increases and even exceeds that of CL-SIC receivers under suitable
conditions.


  The observed structure function (SF) of rotation measure (RM) varies as a
broken power-law function of angular scales. The systematic shallowness of its
spectral slope is inconsistent with the standard Kolmogorov scaling. This
motivates us to examine the statistical analysis on RM fluctuations. The
correlations of RM constructed by Lazarian & Pogosyan (2016) are demonstrated
to be adequate in explaining the observed features of RM SFs through a direct
comparison between the theoretically obtained and observationally measured SF
results. By segregating the density and magnetic field fluctuations and
adopting arbitrary indices for their respective power spectra, we find that
when the SFs of RM and emission measure have a similar form over the same range
of angular scales, the statistics of the RM fluctuations reflect the properties
of density fluctuations. RM SFs can be used to evaluate the mean magnetic field
along the line of sight, but cannot serve as an informative source on the
properties of turbulent magnetic field in the interstellar medium. We identify
the spectral break of RM SFs as the inner scale of a shallow spectrum of
electron density fluctuations, which characterizes the typical size of discrete
electron density structures in the observed region.


  We report on an original formalization of measure and integration theory in
the Coq proof assistant. We build the Lebesgue measure following a standard
construction that had not yet been formalized in proof assistants based on
dependent type theory: by extension of a measure over a semiring of sets. We
achieve this formalization by leveraging on existing techniques from the
Mathematical Components project. We explain how we extend Mathematical
Components' iterated operators and mathematical structures for analysis to
provide support for infinite sums and extended real numbers. We introduce new
mathematical structures for measure theory and incidentally provide an
illustrative, concrete application of Hierarchy-Builder, a generic tool for the
formalization of hierarchies of mathematical structures. This formalization of
measure theory provides the basis for a new formalization of the Lebesgue
integration compatible with the Mathematical Components project.


  This paper presents a novel nonlinear pose filter evolved directly on the
Special Euclidean Group SE(3) with guaranteed characteristics of transient and
steady-state performance. The above-mention characteristics can be achieved by
trapping the position error and the error of the normalized Euclidean distance
of the attitude in a given large set and guiding them to converge
systematically to a small given set. The error vector is proven to approach the
origin asymptotically from almost any initial condition. The proposed filter is
able to provide a reliable pose estimate with remarkable convergence properties
such that it can be fitted with measurements obtained from low-cost measurement
units. Simulation results demonstrate high convergence capabilities and
robustness considering large error in initialization and high level of
uncertainties in measurements. Keywords: Pose, estimator, observer, attitude,
position, estimate, special orthogonal group, special Euclidean group,
prescribed performance, steady-state, transient response, homogeneous
transformation matrix, complimentary filter, mapping, Parameterization,
Representation, Robust, stability, uncertain, Gaussian, noise, vectorial
measurement, vector measurement, translational velocity, angular velocity,
singular value decomposition, rotational matrix, identity, deterministic,
comparison, inertial frame, rigid body, three dimensional, 3D, space, Lie
group, projection, landmark, feature, gyroscope, micro electromechanical
systems, Inertial measurement units, sensor, IMUs, Fixed, moving, orientation,
Roll, Pitch, Yaw, SVD, UAVs, QUAV, unmanned, underwater vehicle, robot, robotic
System, spacecraft, quadrotor, quadcopter, overview, autonomous, xyz, axis,
SO(3), SE(3).


  We construct a morphism of spectra from $\mathrm{KO}((q))/\mathrm{TMF}$ to
$\Sigma^{-20}I_{\mathbb{Z}} \mathrm{TMF}$, which we show to be an equivalence
and to implement the Anderson self-duality of $\mathrm{TMF}$. This morphism is
then used to define another morphism from $\mathrm{TMF}$ to
$\Sigma^{-20}I_{\mathbb{Z}}(\mathrm{MSpin}/\mathrm{MString})$, which induces a
differential geometric pairing and captures not only the invariant of Bunke and
Naumann but also a finer invariant which detects subtle Anderson dual pairs of
elements of $\pi_\bullet\mathrm{TMF}$. Our analysis leads to conjectures
concerning certain self-dual vertex operator superalgebras and some specific
torsion classes in $\pi_\bullet\mathrm{TMF}$.
  This paper is written as an article in mathematics, but much of the
discussions in it was originally motivated by a study in heterotic string
theory. As such, we have a separate appendix for physicists, in which the
contents of the paper are summarized and translated into a language more
amenable to them. In physics terms, our result allows us to compute the
discrete part of the Green-Schwarz coupling of the $B$-field in a couple of
subtle hitherto-unexplored cases.


  While doing optical study in an instrument similar to the interferometers
dedicated to the Very Large Telescope (VLT), we have to take care of the pupil
and focus conjugations. Modules with artificial sources are designed to
simulate the stellar beams, in terms of collimation and pupil location. They
constitute alignment and calibration tools. In this paper, we present such a
module in which the pupil mask is not located in a collimated beam thus
introducing Fresnel diffraction. We study the instrumental contrast taking into
account the spatial coherence of the source, and the pupil diffraction. The
considered example is MATISSE, but this study can apply to any other instrument
concerned with Fresnel diffraction.


  Brouwer's solution to the artificial satellite problem is revisited to show
that the complete Hamiltonian reduction is rather achieved in the plain
Poincar\'e's style, through a single canonical transformation, than using a
sequence of partial reductions based on von Zeipel's alternative for dealing
with perturbed degenerate Hamiltonian systems.


  In recent years, tons of research has been conducted on Single Image
Super-Resolution (SISR). However, to the best of our knowledge, few of these
studies are mainly focused on compressed images. A problem such as complicated
compression artifacts hinders the advance of this study in spite of its high
practical values. To tackle this problem, we proposed CISRNet; a network that
employs a two-stage coarse-to-fine learning framework that is mainly optimized
for Compressed Image Super-Resolution Problem. Specifically, CISRNet consists
of two main subnetworks; the coarse and refinement network, where recursive and
residual learning is employed within these two networks respectively. Extensive
experiments show that with a careful design choice, CISRNet performs favorably
against competing Single-Image Super-Resolution methods in the Compressed Image
Super-Resolution tasks.


  It is well known that the expected number of real zeros of a random cosine
polynomial $ V_n(x) = \sum_ {j=0} ^{n} a_j \cos (j x) , \ x \in (0,2\pi) $,
with the $ a_j $ being standard Gaussian i.i.d. random variables is
asymptotically $ 2n / \sqrt{3} $. On the other hand, some of the previous works
on the random cosine polynomials with dependent coefficients show that such
polynomials have at least $ 2n / \sqrt{3} $ expected real zeros lying in one
period. In this paper we investigate two classes of random cosine polynomials
with pairwise equal blocks of coefficients. First, we prove that a random
cosine polynomial with the blocks of coefficients being of a fixed length and
satisfying $ A_{2j}=A_{2j+1} $ possesses the same expected real zeros as the
classical case. Afterwards, we study a case containing only two equal blocks of
coefficients, and show that in this case significantly more real zeros should
be expected compared to those of the classical case.


  We study truncated Bose operators in finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Spin
coherent states for the truncated Bose operators and canonical coherent states
for Bose operators are compared. The Lie algebra structure and the spectrum of
the truncated Bose operators are discussed.


  The basic concepts of the formulation of Maxwellian electromagnetism in the
absence of a Minkowski scalar product on spacetime are summarized, with
particular emphasis on the way that the electromagnetic constitutive law on the
space of bivectors over spacetime supplants the role of the Minkowski scalar
product on spacetime itself. The complex geometry of the space of bivectors is
summarized, with the intent of showing how an isomorphic copy of the Lorentz
group appears in that context. The use of complex 3-spinors to represent
electromagnetic fields is then discussed, as well as the expansion of scope
that the more general complex projective geometry of the space of bivectors
suggests.


  This paper investigates and extends the computationally attractive
nonparametric random coefficients estimator of Fox, Kim, Ryan, and Bajari
(2011). We show that their estimator is a special case of the nonnegative
LASSO, explaining its sparse nature observed in many applications. Recognizing
this link, we extend the estimator, transforming it to a special case of the
nonnegative elastic net. The extension improves the estimator's recovery of the
true support and allows for more accurate estimates of the random coefficients'
distribution. Our estimator is a generalization of the original estimator and
therefore, is guaranteed to have a model fit at least as good as the original
one. A theoretical analysis of both estimators' properties shows that, under
conditions, our generalized estimator approximates the true distribution more
accurately. Two Monte Carlo experiments and an application to a travel mode
data set illustrate the improved performance of the generalized estimator.


  In this paper we introduce a new and simple method to estimate the symbol
rate for single carrier systems of unknown modulation. The introduced technique
detects the symbol rate from a continuous range of symbol rates, i.e. it does
not assume a finite set of candidate symbol rates. The method does not require
any knowledge about system parameters and is therefore totally blind. The
method belongs to the family of autocorrelationbased symbol rate estimators,
yet, unlike many such schemes, its performance is insensitive to the value of
the roll-off factor. We then propose a simple method for frequency offset
compensation also based on the autocorrelation function. Moreover, we study the
effect of multipath channel on the estimator performance and propose different
enhancements including exploiting more than one zero crossing. The proposed
estimator is implemented as part of a complete DVB-C [1] receiver and is
verified using simulations and results in robust performance even at low SNR
and high frequency offsets.


  In this paper we provide the reader with a visual representation of
relationships among the impact of book chapters indexed in the Book Citation
Index using information gain values and published by different academic
publishers in specific disciplines. The impact of book chapters can be
characterized statistically by citations histograms. For instance, we can
compute the probability of occurrence of book chapters with a number of
citations in different intervals for each academic publisher. We predict the
similarity between two citation histograms based on the amount of relative
information between such characterizations. We observe that the citation
patterns of book chapters follow a Lotkaian distribution. This paper describes
the structure of the Book Citation Index using 'heliocentric clockwise maps'
which allow the reader not only to determine the grade of similarity of a given
academic publisher indexed in the Book Citation Index with a specific
discipline according to their citation distribution, but also to easily observe
the general structure of a discipline, identifying the publishers with higher
impact and output.


  Let $P$ be a set of $n$ vertices in the plane and $S$ a set of non-crossing
line segments between vertices in $P$, called constraints. Two vertices are
visible if the straight line segment connecting them does not properly
intersect any constraints. The constrained $\Theta_m$-graph is constructed by
partitioning the plane around each vertex into $m$ disjoint cones, each with
aperture $\theta = 2 \pi/m$, and adding an edge to the `closest' visible vertex
in each cone. We consider how to route on the constrained $\Theta_6$-graph. We
first show that no deterministic 1-local routing algorithm is
$o(\sqrt{n})$-competitive on all pairs of vertices of the constrained
$\Theta_6$-graph. After that, we show how to route between any two visible
vertices of the constrained $\Theta_6$-graph using only 1-local information.
Our routing algorithm guarantees that the returned path is 2-competitive.
Additionally, we provide a 1-local 18-competitive routing algorithm for visible
vertices in the constrained half-$\Theta_6$-graph, a subgraph of the
constrained $\Theta_6$-graph that is equivalent to the Delaunay graph where the
empty region is an equilateral triangle. To the best of our knowledge, these
are the first local routing algorithms in the constrained setting with
guarantees on the length of the returned path.


  Quantization for deep neural networks have afforded models for edge devices
that use less on-board memory and enable efficient low-power inference. In this
paper, we present a comparison of model-parameter driven quantization
approaches that can achieve as low as 3-bit precision without affecting
accuracy. The post-training quantization approaches are data-free, and the
resulting weight values are closely tied to the dataset distribution on which
the model has converged to optimality. We show quantization results for a
number of state-of-art deep neural networks (DNN) using large dataset like
ImageNet. To better analyze quantization results, we describe the overall range
and local sparsity of values afforded through various quantization schemes. We
show the methods to lower bit-precision beyond quantization limits with object
class clustering.


  An analytical method is presented for designing N-coupled multi-core fibers
with zero differential group delay. This approach effectively reduces the
problem to a system of N-1 algebraic equations involving the associated
coupling coefficients and propagation constants as obtained from coupled mode
theory. Once the parameters of one of the cores are specified, the roots of the
resulting N-1 equations can then be used to determine the characteristics of
the remaining waveguide elements. Using this technique, a number of pertinent
geometrical configurations are investigated in order to minimize intermodal
dispersion.


  Searches for possible new quantum phases and classifications of quantum
phases have been central problems in physics. Yet, they are indeed challenging
problems due to the computational difficulties in analyzing quantum many-body
systems and the lack of a general framework for classifications. While
frustration-free Hamiltonians, which appear as fixed point Hamiltonians of
renormalization group transformations, may serve as representatives of quantum
phases, it is still difficult to analyze and classify quantum phases of
arbitrary frustration-free Hamiltonians exhaustively. Here, we address these
problems by sharpening our considerations to a certain subclass of
frustration-free Hamiltonians, called stabilizer Hamiltonians, which have been
actively studied in quantum information science. We propose a model of
frustration-free Hamiltonians which covers a large class of physically
realistic stabilizer Hamiltonians, constrained to only three physical
conditions; the locality of interaction terms, translation symmetries and scale
symmetries, meaning that the number of ground states does not grow with the
system size. We show that quantum phases arising in two-dimensional models can
be classified exactly through certain quantum coding theoretical operators,
called logical operators, by proving that two models with topologically
distinct shapes of logical operators are always separated by quantum phase
transitions.


  Monitoring of vibrational eigenmodes of an elastic body excited by
gravitational waves was one of the first concepts proposed for the detection of
gravitational waves. At laboratory scale, these experiments became known as
resonant-bar detectors first developed by Joseph Weber in the 1960s. Due to the
dimensions of these bars, the targeted signal frequencies were in the kHz
range. Weber also pointed out that monitoring of vibrations of Earth or Moon
could reveal gravitational waves in the mHz band. His Lunar Surface Gravimeter
experiment deployed on the Moon by the Apollo 17 crew had a technical failure
rendering the data useless. In this article, we revisit the idea and propose a
Lunar Gravitational-Wave Antenna (LGWA). We find that LGWA could become an
important partner observatory for joint observations with the space-borne,
laser-interferometric detector LISA, and at the same time contribute an
independent science case due to LGWA's unique features. Technical challenges
need to be overcome for the deployment of the experiment, and development of
inertial vibration sensor technology lays out a future path for this exciting
detector concept.


  Event detection tasks can enable the quick detection of events from texts and
provide powerful support for downstream natural language processing tasks. Most
such methods can only detect a fixed set of predefined event classes. To extend
them to detect a new class without losing the ability to detect old classes
requires costly retraining of the model from scratch. Incremental learning can
effectively solve this problem, but it requires abundant data of new classes.
In practice, however, the lack of high-quality labeled data of new event
classes makes it difficult to obtain enough data for model training. To address
the above mentioned issues, we define a new task, few-shot incremental event
detection, which focuses on learning to detect a new event class with limited
data, while retaining the ability to detect old classes to the extent possible.
We created a benchmark dataset IFSED for the few-shot incremental event
detection task based on FewEvent and propose two benchmarks, IFSED-K and
IFSED-KP. Experimental results show that our approach has a higher F1-score
than baseline methods and is more stable.


  We measure the inclusive production cross sections of hyperons and charmed
baryons from $e^+e^-$ annihilation using a 800 fb$^{-1}$ data sample taken near
the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB
asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. The feed-down contributions from heavy
particles are subtracted using our data, and the direct production cross
sections are presented for the first time. The production cross sections
divided by the number of spin states for $S=-1$ hyperons follow an exponential
function with a single slope parameter except for the $\Sigma(1385)^+$
resonance. Suppression for $\Sigma(1385)^+$ and $\Xi(1530)^0$ hyperons is
observed. Among the production cross sections of charmed baryons, a factor of
three difference for $\Lambda_c^+$ states over $\Sigma_c$ states is observed.
This observation suggests a diquark structure for these baryons.


  We show how a superconducting circuit consisting of three identical,
non-linear oscillators in series considered in terms of its electrical modes
can implement a strong, native three-body interaction among qubits. Because of
strong interactions, part of the qubit-subspace is coupled to higher levels.
The remaining qubit states can be used to implement a restricted Fredkin gate,
which in turn implements a CNOT-gate or a spin transistor. Including
non-symmetric contributions from couplings to ground and external control we
alter the circuit slightly to compensate, and find average fidelities for our
implementation of the above gates above $ 99.5\% $ with operation times on the
order of a nanosecond. Additionally we show how to analytically include all
orders of the cosine contributions from Josephson junctions to the Hamiltonian
of a superconducting circuit.


  Recent RHIC data have suggested an interesting scenario where jets, after
being formed in the very first instants of the nuclear collision, interact
strongly and are absorbed by the hot and dense matter subsequently created. In
this respect, electromagnetic signals constitute another class of penetrating
radiation. We first propose the study of large mass dileptons induced by the
passage of high-energy quark jets through quark-gluon plasma. We find that the
yield due to the jet-plasma interaction gets progressively larger as the
collision energy increases: it is slightly less than the Drell-Yan contribution
at RHIC energies, and it is a factor of 10 larger than Drell-Yan at the LHC. In
a related investigation, we then propose to study dilepton-tagged jets. We
estimate quantitatively the various background sources, and identify windows
where those are sub-dominant.


  Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring of dimension $d$ and $M$ a
commutative cancellative torsion-free seminormal monoid. Then (1) Let $A$ be a
ring of type $R[d,m,n]$ and $P$ be a projective $A[M]$-module of rank $r \geq
max\{2,d+1\}$. Then the action of $E(A[M] \oplus P)$ on $Um(A[M] \oplus P)$ is
transitive and (2) Assume $(R, m, K)$ is a regular local ring containing a
field $k$ such that either $char$ $k=0$ or $ char$ $k = p$ and $tr$-$deg$
$K/\mathbb{F}_p \geq 1$. Let $A$ be a ring of type $R[d,m,n]^*$ and $f\in R$ be
a regular parameter. Then all finitely generated projective modules over
$A[M],$ $A[M]_f$ and $A[M] \otimes_R R(T)$ are free. When $M$ is free both
results are due to Keshari and Lokhande.


  We present new elemental abundance studies of seven damped Lyman-alpha
systems (DLAs). Together with the four DLAs analyzed in Dessauges-Zavadsky et
al. (2004), we have a sample of eleven DLA galaxies with uniquely comprehensive
and homogeneous abundance measurements. These observations allow one to study
the abundance patterns of 22 elements and the chemical variations in the
interstellar medium of galaxies outside the Local Group. Comparing the
gas-phase abundance ratios of these high redshift galaxies, we found that they
show low RMS dispersions, reaching only up 2-3 times the statistical errors for
the majority of elements. This uniformity is remarkable given that the quasar
sightlines cross gaseous regions with HI column densities spanning over one
order of magnitude and metallicities ranging from 1/55 to 1/5 solar. The
gas-phase abundance patterns of interstellar medium clouds within the DLA
galaxies detected along the velocity profiles show, on the other hand, a high
dispersion in several abundance ratios, indicating that chemical variations
seem to be more confined to individual clouds within the DLA galaxies than to
integrated profiles. The analysis of the cloud-to-cloud chemical variations
within seven individual DLAs reveals that five of them show statistically
significant variations, higher than 0.2 dex at more than 3 sigma. The sources
of these variations are both the differential dust depletion and/or ionization
effects; however, no evidence for variations due to different star formation
histories could be highlighted. These observations place large constraints on
the mixing timescales of protogalaxies and on scenarios of galaxy formation
within the CDM hierarchical theory. Finally, we provide an astrophysical
determination of the oscillator strength of the NiII 1317 transition.


  The Waddington landscape serves as a metaphor illustrating the developmental
process of cells, likening it to a small ball rolling down various trajectories
into valleys. Constructing an epigenetic landscape of this nature aids in
visualizing and gaining insights into cell differentiation. Development
encompasses intricate processes involving both cell differentiation and cell
cycles. However, current landscape methods solely focus on constructing a
potential landscape for cell differentiation, neglecting the accompanying cell
cycle. This paper introduces a novel method that simultaneously constructs two
types of potential landscapes using single-cell RNA sequencing data.
Specifically, it presents the natural Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition (nHHD) of a
continuous vector field within a bounded domain in n-dimensional Euclidean
space. This decomposition uniquely breaks down the vector field into a gradient
field, a rotation field, and a harmonic field. Utilizing this approach, the RNA
velocity vector field is separated into a curl-free component representing cell
differentiation and a curl component representing the cell cycle. By
calculating the corresponding potential functions, potential landscapes for
both cell differentiation and the cell cycle are obtained. Finally, the
efficacy of this method is demonstrated through its application to synthetic
and real datasets.


  A new way to study the spin-isospin dependence of the $\Xi N$ interaction is
explored through the energy levels of $\Xi N\alpha$ and $\Xi N\alpha \alpha$
systems with $\alpha$ being a spectator to attract the $ \Xi N$ pair without
changing its spin-isospin structure. By using the Gaussian expansion method
(GEM) with the state-of-the-art $\Xi N$ potential obtained from lattice QCD
calculations, it is found that $\Xi N\alpha \alpha$ has spin-doublet bound
states with $J^{\pi}={1^-}$ and $2^-$ in both isospin triplet and singlet
channels. The inversion of the $1^-$-$2^-$ spin-doublet between the iso-triplet
and the iso-singlet is found to be strongly correlated with the relative
strengths of the $\Xi N$ interaction in the $^{11}{\rm S}_0, ^{13}{\rm
S}_1,^{31}{\rm S}_0$ and $^{33}{\rm S}_1$ channels. The $(K^-, K^+)$ and
$(K^-,K^0)$ reactions on the $^{10}$B target are proposed to produce those
bound states.


  This article introduces yet another representation of rotations in 3-space.
The rotations form a 3-dimensional projective space, which fact has not been
exploited in Computer Science. We use the four affine patches of this
projective space to parametrize the rotations. This affine patch representation
is more compact than quaternions (which require 4 components for calculations),
encompasses the entire rotation group without singularities (unlike the Euler
angles and rotation vector approaches), and requires only ratios of linear or
quadratic polynomials for basic computations (unlike the Euler angles and
rotation vector approaches which require transcendental functions).
  As an example, we derive the differential equation for the integration of
angular velocity using this affine patch representation of rotations. We remark
that the complexity of this equation is the same as the corresponding
quaternion equation, but has advantages over the quaternion approach e.g.
renormalization to unit length is not required, and state space has no dead
directions.


  In a fluid with vorticity and acceleration, an axial current arises in the
third order of gradient expansion, called the kinematical vortical effect
(KVE). While existing in the absence of gravitational fields, it is
nevertheless associated with effects in curved space-time, namely with the
gravitational chiral quantum anomaly. In this paper, the KVE transport
coefficients were found using the Zubarev quantum-statistical density operator
for the Rarita-Schwinger-Adler theory, which includes fields with spins 3/2 and
1/2. A prediction is made about the possible form of the transport coefficients
for massless fields with arbitrary spin.


  Modern agriculture is constantly evolving to increase production despite
unfavorable environmental conditions. A promising approach is 'greenhouse
cultivation' providing a microclimate to the cultivated plants to overcome
unfavorable climate. However, massive-sized greenhouses develop non-uniform
micro-climate throughout the complex requiring high degree of human
supervision. We propose deploying an Agri-Bot to create and maintain positive
ecological conditions in the greenhouse, reducing labor costs and increasing
production. The prototype will contain two primary systems, the navigation
system and the data analytics system. The navigation system will be controlled
by an Arduino, and data analytics will be handled using an ESP8266 microchip.
Numerous sensors for measuring the greenhouse parameters will be mounted on the
robot. It will follow a predefined path, while taking readings at checkpoints.
The microchip will collect and process data from sensors, transmit to the
cloud, and give commands to the actuators. The soil and climate parameters like
temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, pH will be measured
periodically. When the parameters are not within a specified range, the
Agri-Bot will take corrective actions like switching on blowers/heaters,
starting irrigation etc. If external intervention is required, eg., fertilizer,
it will indicate accordingly. Deploying such an Agri-Bot for monitoring and
controlling microclimate in large-scale greenhouses can mitigate labor costs
while increasing productivity. In spite of an initial cost, it can provide a
high return on investment by providing flexibility, low power consumption and
easy management to help greenhouse be water efficient, provide evenly dispersed
and controlled sunlight intensity, temperature and humidity.


  We discuss inflationary solutions of the coupled Einstein-Klein-Gordon
equations for a complex field in a five dimensional spacetime with a compact
$x^5$-dimension. As a new feature, the scalar field contains a dependence on
the extra dimension of the form $\exp(i m x^5) $, corresponding to Kaluza-Klein
excited modes. In a four dimensional picture, a nonzero $m$ implies the
presence of a new term in the scalar field potential. An interesting feature of
these solutions is the possible existence of several periods of oscillation of
the scalar field around the equilibrium value at the minimum of the potential.
These oscillations lead to cosmological periods of accelerated expansion of the
universe.


  This paper investigates a movable antenna (MA)-assisted multiuser integrated
sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where the base station (BS) and
communication users are all equipped with MA for improving both the sensing and
communication performance. We employ the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) as the
performance metric of sensing, thus a joint beamforming design and MAs'
position optimizing problem is formulated to minimize the CRB. However the
resulting optimization problem is NP-hard and the variables are highly coupled.
To tackle this problem, we propose an alternating optimization (AO) framework
by adopting semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and successive convex approximation
(SCA) technique. Numerical results reveal that the proposed MA-assisted ISAC
system achieves lower estimation CRB compared to the fixed-position antenna
(FPA) counterpart.


  We explore nonlocally modified models of gravity, inspired by quantum loop
corrections, as a mechanism for explaining current cosmic acceleration. These
theories enjoy two major advantages: they allow a delayed response to cosmic
events, here the transition from radiation to matter dominance, and they avoid
the usual level of fine tuning; instead, emulating Dirac's dictum, the required
large numbers come from the large time scales involved. Their solar system
effects are safely negligible, and they may even prove useful to the black hole
information problem.


  In this work, we report ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy of EuFe2As2
single crystals. We observe ferromagnetic resonance responses, which are
attributed to antiferromagnetic resonances of Eu sub-lattice with orthorhombic
crystal structure and with different orientations of twin domains relative to
the external field. We confirm validity of the recently-proposed spin
Hamiltonian with anisotropic Eu-Eu exchange interaction and biquadratic Eu-Fe
exchange interaction.


  In graphene, charged defects break the electron-hole symmetry and can even
give rise to exotic collapse states when the defect charge exceeds a critical
value which is proportional to the Fermi velocity. In this work, we investigate
the electronic properties of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with charged
defects using tight-binding calculations. Like monolayer graphene, tBLG
exhibits linear bands near the Fermi level but with a dramatically reduced
Fermi velocity near the magic angle (approximately 1.1{\deg}). This suggests
that the critical value of the defect charge in magic-angle tBLG should also be
very small. We find that charged defects give rise to significant changes in
the low-energy electronic structure of tBLG. Depending on the defect position
in the moir\'e unit cell, it is possible to open a band gap or to induce an
additional flattening of the low-energy valence and conduction bands. Our
calculations suggest that the collapse states of the two monolayers hybridize
in the twisted bilayer. However, their in-plane localization remains largely
unaffected by the presence of the additional twisted layer because of the
different length scales of the moir\'e lattice and the monolayer collapse state
wavefunctions. These predictions can be tested in scanning tunnelling
spectroscopy experiments.


  We present a mechanism for a generic and powerful force of assembly and
mobility for transmembrane proteins in lipid bilayers. This force is a
pre-transition (or pre-melting) effect for the first-order transition between
ordered and disordered phases in the host membrane. Using large scale molecular
simulation, we show that a protein with hydrophobic thickness equal to that of
the disordered phase embedded in an ordered bilayer stabilizes a microscopic
order-disorder interface, and the stiffness of that interface is finite. When
two such proteins approach each other, they assemble because assembly reduces
the net interfacial free energy. In analogy with the hydrophobic effect, we
refer to this phenomenon as the "orderphobic effect". The effect is mediated by
proximity to the order-disorder phase transition and the size and hydrophobic
mismatch of the protein. The strength and range of forces arising from the
orderphobic effect are significantly larger than those that could arise from
membrane elasticity for the membranes we examine.


  Lattice QCD predicts a rich spectroscopy of glueballs and $q\bar{q}-$glue h
ybrids. I compare these with data and assess the emerging empirical situation.
Questions for the lattice are proposed.


  In this short contribution, we examine Raman spectroscopic data from
high-pressure and high-temperature experiments with Ag-Cl$_2$ system, and find
that they are in good agreement with previously observed and calculated spectra
of polychloride species. Our results imply the formation of a hitherto unknown
AgCl$_x$ compound, which warrants further study.


  We propose a new active learning by query synthesis approach using Generative
Adversarial Networks (GAN). Different from regular active learning, the
resulting algorithm adaptively synthesizes training instances for querying to
increase learning speed. We generate queries according to the uncertainty
principle, but our idea can work with other active learning principles. We
report results from various numerical experiments to demonstrate the
effectiveness the proposed approach. In some settings, the proposed algorithm
outperforms traditional pool-based approaches. To the best our knowledge, this
is the first active learning work using GAN.


  We present the combined results of two investigations: a large-scale study of
the globular cluster system (GCS) around NGC 1399, the central galaxy of the
Fornax cluster, and a study of the GCSs around NGC 1374, NGC 1379 and NGC 1387,
three low-luminosity early-type galaxies located close to the centre of the
same cluster. In both cases, the data consist of images from the wide-field
MOSAIC Imager of the CTIO 4-m telescope, obtained with Washington C and
Kron-Cousins R filters, which provide good metallicity resolution. The colour
distributions and radial projected densities of the GCSs are analyzed. We focus
on the properties of the GCSs that trace possible interaction processes between
the galaxies, such as tidal stripping of globular clusters. For the blue
globular clusters, we find tails between NGC 1399 and neighbouring galaxies in
the azimuthal projected distribution, and the three low-luminosity galaxies
show low specific frequencies and a low proportion of blue GCs.


  We present a detailed study of the interface morphology of an
electro-deposited (ED) Ni/Cu bilayer film by using off-specular (diffuse)
neutron reflectivity technique and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The Ni/Cu
bilayer has been electro-deposited on seed layers of Ti/Cu. These two seed
layers were deposited by magnetron sputtering. The depth profile of density in
the sample has been obtained from specular neutron reflectivity data. AFM image
of the air-film interface shows that the surface is covered by globular islands
of different sizes. The AFM height distribution of the surface clearly shows
two peaks [Fig. 3] and the relief structure (islands) on the surface in the
film can be treated as a quasi-two-level random rough surface structure. We
have demonstrated that the detailed morphology of air-film interfaces, the
quasi-two level surface structure as well as morphology of the buried
interfaces can be obtained from off-specular neutron reflectivity data. We have
shown from AFM and off-specular neutron reflectivity data that the morphologies
of electro-deposited surface is distinctly different from that of
sputter-deposited interface in this sample. To the best of our knowledge this
is the first attempt to microscopically quantify the differences in
morphologies of metallic interfaces deposited by two different techniques viz.
electro-deposition and sputtering.


  We theoretically study the heat flux between electrons and phonons in a thin
metallic film embedded in a suspended dielectric slab (called a
\textit{membrane}, in accordance with the established nomenclature), forming a
layered structure. The thickness of the membrane is much smaller than the other
two dimensions and, in the considered temperature range, is comparable to the
dominant phonon wavelength. The thickness of the metallic layer is an order of
magnitude smaller than the thickness of the membrane. While the dependence of
the heat exchange on the thicknesses of the film and of the membrane has been
studied before, it is not yet known how this depends on the position of the
film inside the membrane. Here we show that the position strongly influences
the heat exchange. If we denote by $T_e$ the effective temperature of the
electrons in the metal and by $T_{ph}$ the effective temperature of the phonons
(assumed to be uniform in the entire system), then we may write in general the
heat power as $P \equiv P^{(0)}(T_e) - P^{(0)}(T_{ph})$, where $P^{(0)}(T)
\equiv P_s^{(0)}(T) + P_a^{(0)}(T)$, with $P_s^{(0)}(T)$ and $P_a^{(0)}(T)$
being the contributions of the symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb modes,
respectively. In the low-temperature limit, we may write $P_s^{(0)}(T) \equiv
C_s T^4$ and $P_a^{(0)}(T) \equiv C_a T^{3.5}$, where $C_s$ is independent of
the position of the film inside the membrane, whereas $C_a$ increases with the
distance between the mid-plane of the film and the mid-plane of the membrane,
being zero when the film is at the center of the membrane. Our examples show
that by changing the position of the film inside the membrane one may change
the electron-phonon heat power by orders of magnitude, depending on the
dimensions and the temperature range.


  The valence band (VB) structure of an Al0.5TiZrPdCuNi high-entropy alloy
(HEA) obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been compared to that
recently calculated by Odbadrakh et al, 2019. Both experimental and theoretical
VBs show split-band structures typical of alloys composed from the early (TE)
and late (TL) transition metals. Accordingly, several properties of this alloy
(both in the glassy and crystalline state) associated with the electronic
structure (ES), are compared with those of similar TE-TL alloys. The comparison
shows in addition to the usual dependence on the total TL content strong effect
of alloying with Al on the density of states at the Fermi level, N(EF) and on
the magnetic susceptibility of Al0.5TiZrPdCuNi HEA, which is like that of
conventional glassy alloys, such as Zr-Cu-Al ones. Despite some similarity
between the shapes of theoretical and corresponding experimental VBs there are
significant quantitative differences between them which should be taken into
account in any future studies of ES in HEAs and other compositionally complex
alloys (CCA).


  A system of degenerate drift-diffusion equations for the electron, hole, and
oxygen vacancy densities, coupled to the Poisson equation for the electric
potential, is analyzed in a three-dimensional bounded domain with mixed
Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions. The equations model the dynamics of the
charge carriers in a memristor device in the high-density regime. Memristors
can be seen as nonlinear resistors with memory, mimicking the conductance
response of biological synapses. The global existence of weak solutions and the
weak-strong uniqueness property is proved. Thanks to the degenerate diffusion,
better regularity results compared to linear diffusion can be shown, in
particular the boundedness of the solutions.


  Magnetic Weyl semimetals (MWSM) have attracted significant attention due to
their intriguing physical properties and potential applications in
spin-electronic devices. Here we report the characterization of NdAlSi
including transport, magnetization, and heat capacity on single crystals, as
well as band structure calculation. It is a newly proposed MWSM candidate which
breaks both time-reversal and spacial inversion symmetries. A
temperature-magnetic field phase diagram is experimentally established.
Remarkably, on the angular magnetoresistance (AMR), a two-fold symmetric sharp
peak instead of a smooth variation is observed in the field-induced
ferrimagnetic phase. We argue that the tunability of both the topological and
magnetic properties in NdAlSi is crucial for realizing such a behavior. Our
results indicate that 4f-electron-based MWSM can provide a unique platform to
explore new and intriguing quantum phenomena arising from the interaction
between magnetism and topology.


  The sensitivity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to
changes in basin integrated net evaporation is highly dependent on the zonal
salinity contrast at the southern border of the Atlantic. Biases in the
freshwater budget strongly affect the stability of the AMOC in numerical
models. The impact of these biases is investigated, by adding local anomaly
patterns in the South Atlantic to the freshwater fluxes at the surface. These
anomalies impact the freshwater and salt transport by the different components
of the ocean circulation, in particular the basin--scale salt--advection
feedback, completely changing the response of the AMOC to arbitrary
perturbations. It is found that an appropriate dipole anomaly pattern at the
southern border of the Atlantic Ocean can collapse the AMOC entirely even
without a further hosing. The results suggest a new view on the stability of
the AMOC, controlled by processes in the South Atlantic.


  The neural plausibility of backpropagation has long been disputed, primarily
for its use of non-local weight transport $-$ the biologically dubious
requirement that one neuron instantaneously measure the synaptic weights of
another. Until recently, attempts to create local learning rules that avoid
weight transport have typically failed in the large-scale learning scenarios
where backpropagation shines, e.g. ImageNet categorization with deep
convolutional networks. Here, we investigate a recently proposed local learning
rule that yields competitive performance with backpropagation and find that it
is highly sensitive to metaparameter choices, requiring laborious tuning that
does not transfer across network architecture. Our analysis indicates the
underlying mathematical reason for this instability, allowing us to identify a
more robust local learning rule that better transfers without metaparameter
tuning. Nonetheless, we find a performance and stability gap between this local
rule and backpropagation that widens with increasing model depth. We then
investigate several non-local learning rules that relax the need for
instantaneous weight transport into a more biologically-plausible "weight
estimation" process, showing that these rules match state-of-the-art
performance on deep networks and operate effectively in the presence of noisy
updates. Taken together, our results suggest two routes towards the discovery
of neural implementations for credit assignment without weight symmetry:
further improvement of local rules so that they perform consistently across
architectures and the identification of biological implementations for
non-local learning mechanisms.


  Recently, a relationship between the water maser detection rate and far
infrared (FIR) flux density has been found as a result of a 22 GHz maser survey
in a sample comprised of northern galaxies with 100 micron flux density > 50 Jy
and a declination >-30 degrees. The survey has been extended toward galaxies
with lower FIR flux densities in order to confirm this correlation and to
discover additional maser sources for relevant follow-up interferometric
studies. A sample of 41 galaxies with 30 Jy < S(100 micron) < 50 Jy and Dec. >
-30 degrees was observed with the 100-m telescope at Effelsberg in a search for
the 22 GHz water vapor line. The average 3-sigma noise level of the survey is
40 mJy for a 1 km/s channel, corresponding to a detection threshold for the
isotropic maser luminosity of about 0.5 solar luminosities at a distance of 25
Mpc. Two detections are reported: a megamaser with an isotropic luminosity of
approximately 35 solar luminosities in the Seyfert/HII galaxy NGC613 and a
kilomaser of approximately 1 solar luminosity in the merger system
NGC520.[abridged]


  We investigate the temperature dependence of the finite-field magnetization
of the S=1/2 bond-alternating XY model in the Random magnetic field along the
z-direction having the Lorentzian distribution. The random-averaged free energy
can be exactly calculated, which enables us to obtain the thermodynamical
quantities. The temperature dependence of the finite-field magnetization shows
various behaviors depending on the parameters $\delta$ and $\Gamma$, where
$\delta$ and $\Gamma$ are the bond-alternation parameter and the Lorentzian
distribution parameter, respectively.


  Pair production of light top squarks at the 8-TeV LHC can be used to probe
the gaugino-Higgsino sector of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The
case where the lightest neutralino is a mixture of Bino and Higgsino,
satisfying the thermal dark matter relic density, is investigated. In such a
scenario, the lightest top squark decays mostly into $(i)$ a top quark plus the
second or third lightest neutralino, and $(ii)$ a bottom quark plus the
lightest chargino, instead of a decay scenario of the lightest top squark into
a top quark and the lightest neutralino. Final states with $\geq 2$ jets,
dileptons, and missing energy are expected in a subsequent decay of the second
or third lightest neutralinos into the lightest neutralino via an intermediate
slepton ("light sleptons" case) or $Z$ boson ("heavy sleptons" case). The
opposite-sign same flavor dilepton mass distribution after subtracting the
opposite-sign different flavor distribution shows a clear edge in the case of
light sleptons. The significance for discovering such a scenario is calculated
with optimized cuts in both light and heavy sleptons cases.


  Nowadays, many machine learning procedures are available on the shelve and
may be used easily to calibrate predictive models on supervised data. However,
when the input data consists of more than one unknown cluster, and when
different underlying predictive models exist, fitting a model is a more
challenging task. We propose, in this paper, a procedure in three steps to
automatically solve this problem. The KFC procedure aggregates different models
adaptively on data. The first step of the procedure aims at catching the
clustering structure of the input data, which may be characterized by several
statistical distributions. It provides several partitions, given the
assumptions on the distributions. For each partition, the second step fits a
specific predictive model based on the data in each cluster. The overall model
is computed by a consensual aggregation of the models corresponding to the
different partitions. A comparison of the performances on different simulated
and real data assesses the excellent performance of our method in a large
variety of prediction problems.


  One of the approaches to the solution of the navigation problem in current
information flows is ranking the documents according to their popularity level.
The definition of local and global news popularity which is based on the number
of similar-in-content documents, published within local and global time
interval, was suggested. Mutual behavior of the documents of local and global
popularity levels was studied. The algorithm of detecting the documents which
received great popularity before new topics appeared was suggested.


  We present here the results of cross-correlating the X-ray background
measured by Ginga in the 2-10 keV band with several catalogues of extragalactic
objects. Positive signals with an amplitude of a few per cent have been found
for some catalogues implying that some fraction of the X-ray background is
produced either by the class of catalogued sources or by other classes
spatially related to them. Detailed X-ray background simulations have been used
to assess the significance of the results and, for the first time, the full
angular shape of the cross-correlation. The inferred X-ray volume emissivity in
the local Universe, j_0, has been estimated for two galaxy catalogues (UGC and
IRAS) for which the cross-correlation is highly significant. We obtain j_0=
(0.74 +/- 0.07) for UGC and j_0= (1.15 +/- 0.10) for IRAS, in units of 1.E39 h
erg/s/Mpc3. Extrapolating this result back to z~1-4 leads to the conclusion
that <~10-30 per cent of the X-ray background could be produced by a
non-evolving population of galaxies. These values are shown to be consistent
with upper limits on the Auto Correlation Function derived here.


  This paper presents a new approach for contrast enhancement of spinal cord
medical images based on multirate scheme incorporated into multiscale retinex
algorithm. The proposed work here uses HSV color space, since HSV color space
separates color details from intensity. The enhancement of medical image is
achieved by down sampling the original image into five versions, namely, tiny,
small, medium, fine, and normal scale. This is due to the fact that the each
versions of the image when independently enhanced and reconstructed results in
enormous improvement in the visual quality. Further, the contrast stretching
and MultiScale Retinex (MSR) techniques are exploited in order to enhance each
of the scaled version of the image. Finally, the enhanced image is obtained by
combining each of these scales in an efficient way to obtain the composite
enhanced image. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is validated by using
a wavelet energy metric in the wavelet domain. Reconstructed image using
proposed method highlights the details (edges and tissues), reduces image noise
(Gaussian and Speckle) and improves the overall contrast. The proposed
algorithm also enhances sharp edges of the tissue surrounding the spinal cord
regions which is useful for diagnosis of spinal cord lesions. Elaborated
experiments are conducted on several medical images and results presented show
that the enhanced medical pictures are of good quality and is found to be
better compared with other researcher methods.


  Let $\overline{p}_o(n)$ denote the number of overpartitions of $n$ into odd
parts. The partition function $\overline{p}_o(n)$ has been the subject of many
recent studies where many explicit Ramanujan-like congruences were discovered.
In this paper, we provide three linear recurrence relation for
$\overline{p}_o(n)$. Several connections with partitions into parts not
congruent to $2 \pmod 4$, overpartitions and partitions into distinct parts are
presented in this context.


  When \ph\ is an analytic self-map of the unit disk with Denjoy-Wolff point $a
\in \D$, and $\rho(\W) = \psi(a)$, we give an exact characterization for when
\W\ is normaloid. We also determine the spectral radius, essential spectral
radius, and essential norm for a class of non-compact composition operators
whose symbols have Denjoy-Wolff point in \D. When the Denjoy-Wolff point is on
$\partial \D$, we give sufficient conditions for several new classes of
normaloid weighted composition operators.


  We give an algorithm for properly learning Poisson binomial distributions. A
Poisson binomial distribution (PBD) of order $n$ is the discrete probability
distribution of the sum of $n$ mutually independent Bernoulli random variables.
Given $\widetilde{O}(1/\epsilon^2)$ samples from an unknown PBD $\mathbf{p}$,
our algorithm runs in time $(1/\epsilon)^{O(\log \log (1/\epsilon))}$, and
outputs a hypothesis PBD that is $\epsilon$-close to $\mathbf{p}$ in total
variation distance. The previously best known running time for properly
learning PBDs was $(1/\epsilon)^{O(\log(1/\epsilon))}$.
  As one of our main contributions, we provide a novel structural
characterization of PBDs. We prove that, for all $\epsilon >0,$ there exists an
explicit collection $\cal{M}$ of $(1/\epsilon)^{O(\log \log (1/\epsilon))}$
vectors of multiplicities, such that for any PBD $\mathbf{p}$ there exists a
PBD $\mathbf{q}$ with $O(\log(1/\epsilon))$ distinct parameters whose
multiplicities are given by some element of ${\cal M}$, such that $\mathbf{q}$
is $\epsilon$-close to $\mathbf{p}$. Our proof combines tools from Fourier
analysis and algebraic geometry.
  Our approach to the proper learning problem is as follows: Starting with an
accurate non-proper hypothesis, we fit a PBD to this hypothesis. More
specifically, we essentially start with the hypothesis computed by the
computationally efficient non-proper learning algorithm in our recent
work~\cite{DKS15}. Our aforementioned structural characterization allows us to
reduce the corresponding fitting problem to a collection of
$(1/\epsilon)^{O(\log \log(1/\epsilon))}$ systems of low-degree polynomial
inequalities. We show that each such system can be solved in time
$(1/\epsilon)^{O(\log \log(1/\epsilon))}$, which yields the overall running
time of our algorithm.


  Cluster analysis plays a crucial role in database mining, and one of the most
widely used algorithms in this field is DBSCAN. However, DBSCAN has several
limitations, such as difficulty in handling high-dimensional large-scale data,
sensitivity to input parameters, and lack of robustness in producing clustering
results. This paper introduces an improved version of DBSCAN that leverages the
block-diagonal property of the similarity graph to guide the clustering
procedure of DBSCAN. The key idea is to construct a graph that measures the
similarity between high-dimensional large-scale data points and has the
potential to be transformed into a block-diagonal form through an unknown
permutation, followed by a cluster-ordering procedure to generate the desired
permutation. The clustering structure can be easily determined by identifying
the diagonal blocks in the permuted graph. We propose a gradient descent-based
method to solve the proposed problem. Additionally, we develop a DBSCAN-based
points traversal algorithm that identifies clusters with high densities in the
graph and generates an augmented ordering of clusters. The block-diagonal
structure of the graph is then achieved through permutation based on the
traversal order, providing a flexible foundation for both automatic and
interactive cluster analysis. We introduce a split-and-refine algorithm to
automatically search for all diagonal blocks in the permuted graph with
theoretically optimal guarantees under specific cases. We extensively evaluate
our proposed approach on twelve challenging real-world benchmark clustering
datasets and demonstrate its superior performance compared to the
state-of-the-art clustering method on every dataset.


  In this letter we study the Haldane model with on-site repulsive interactions
at half-filling. We show that the mean-field Hamiltonian with magnetic order
effectively modifies parameters in the Haldane Hamiltonian, such as sublattice
energy difference and phase in next nearest hopping. As interaction increases,
increasing of magnetic order corresponds to varying these parameters and
consequently, drives topological transitions. At the mean-field level, one
scenario is that the magnetic order continuously increases, and inevitably, the
fermion gap closes at the topological transition point with nonzero magnetic
order. Beyond the mean-field, interaction between fermions mediated by
spin-wave fluctuations can further open up the gap, rendering a first-order
transition. Another scenario is a first-order transition at mean-field level
across which a canted magnetic order develops discontinuously, avoiding the
fermion gap closing. We find that both scenarios exist in the phase diagram of
the Haldane-Hubbard model. Our predication is relevant to recent experimental
realization of the Haldane model in cold atom system.


  Let P_{k, n}^l be the space consisting of monic complex polynomials f(z) of
degree k and such that the number of n-fold roots of f(z) is at most l. In this
paper, we determine the integral homology groups of P_{k, n}^l.


  We show that no more new distance-regular graphs in the tables of the book of
(Brouwer, Cohen, Neumaier, 1989) can be produced by using the coset graph of
additive completely regular codes over finite fields.


  Automatic meeting analysis comprises the tasks of speaker counting, speaker
diarization, and the separation of overlapped speech, followed by automatic
speech recognition. This all has to be carried out on arbitrarily long sessions
and, ideally, in an online or block-online manner. While significant progress
has been made on individual tasks, this paper presents for the first time an
all-neural approach to simultaneous speaker counting, diarization and source
separation. The NN-based estimator operates in a block-online fashion and
tracks speakers even if they remain silent for a number of time blocks, thus
learning a stable output order for the separated sources. The neural network is
recurrent over time as well as over the number of sources. The simulation
experiments show that state of the art separation performance is achieved,
while at the same time delivering good diarization and source counting results.
It even generalizes well to an unseen large number of blocks.


  We present the novel wide & deep neural network GalaxyNet, which connects the
properties of galaxies and dark matter haloes, and is directly trained on
observed galaxy statistics using reinforcement learning. The most important
halo properties to predict stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) are halo
mass, growth rate, and scale factor at the time the mass peaks, which results
from a feature importance analysis with random forests. We train different
models with supervised learning to find the optimal network architecture.
GalaxyNet is then trained with a reinforcement learning approach: for a fixed
set of weights and biases, we compute the galaxy properties for all haloes and
then derive mock statistics (stellar mass functions, cosmic and specific SFRs,
quenched fractions, and clustering). Comparing these statistics to observations
we get the model loss, which is minimised with particle swarm optimisation.
GalaxyNet reproduces the observed data very accurately
($\chi_\mathrm{red}=1.05$), and predicts a stellar-to-halo mass relation with a
lower normalisation and shallower low-mass slope at high redshift than
empirical models. We find that at low mass, the galaxies with the highest SFRs
are satellites, although most satellites are quenched. The normalisation of the
instantaneous conversion efficiency increases with redshift, but stays constant
above $z\gtrsim0.7$. Finally, we use GalaxyNet to populate a cosmic volume of
$(5.9~\mathrm{Gpc})^3$ with galaxies and predict the BAO signal, the bias, and
the clustering of active and passive galaxies up to $z=4$, which can be tested
with next-generation surveys, such as LSST and Euclid.


  Diffusion models have achieved great success in a range of tasks, such as
image synthesis and molecule design. As such successes hinge on large-scale
training data collected from diverse sources, the trustworthiness of these
collected data is hard to control or audit. In this work, we aim to explore the
vulnerabilities of diffusion models under potential training data manipulations
and try to answer: How hard is it to perform Trojan attacks on well-trained
diffusion models? What are the adversarial targets that such Trojan attacks can
achieve? To answer these questions, we propose an effective Trojan attack
against diffusion models, TrojDiff, which optimizes the Trojan diffusion and
generative processes during training. In particular, we design novel
transitions during the Trojan diffusion process to diffuse adversarial targets
into a biased Gaussian distribution and propose a new parameterization of the
Trojan generative process that leads to an effective training objective for the
attack. In addition, we consider three types of adversarial targets: the
Trojaned diffusion models will always output instances belonging to a certain
class from the in-domain distribution (In-D2D attack), out-of-domain
distribution (Out-D2D-attack), and one specific instance (D2I attack). We
evaluate TrojDiff on CIFAR-10 and CelebA datasets against both DDPM and DDIM
diffusion models. We show that TrojDiff always achieves high attack performance
under different adversarial targets using different types of triggers, while
the performance in benign environments is preserved. The code is available at
https://github.com/chenweixin107/TrojDiff.


  Microscopic robots could perform tasks with high spatial precision, such as
acting in biological tissues on the scale of individual cells, provided they
can reach precise locations. This paper evaluates the feasibility of in vivo
locomotion for micron-size robots. Two appealing methods rely only on surface
motions: steady tangential motion and small amplitude oscillations. These
methods contrast with common microorganism propulsion based on flagella or
cilia, which are more likely to damage nearby cells if used by robots made of
stiff materials. The power potentially available to robots in tissue supports
speeds ranging from one to hundreds of microns per second, over the range of
viscosities found in biological tissue. We discuss design trade-offs among
propulsion method, speed, power, shear forces and robot shape, and relate those
choices to robot task requirements. This study shows that realizing such
locomotion requires substantial improvements in fabrication capabilities and
material properties over current technology.


  We study affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties in the affine flag manifold of an
algebraic group, and in particular the question, which affine Deligne-Lusztig
varieties are non-empty. Under mild assumptions on the group, we provide a
complete answer to this question in terms of the underlying affine root system.
In particular, this proves the corresponding conjecture for split groups stated
in G\"ortz et al. (2010). The question of non-emptiness of affine
Deligne-Lusztig varieties is closely related to the relationship between
certain natural stratifications of moduli spaces of abelian varieties in
positive characteristic.


  A mechanism that uses the environment to enhance the probability of the
nuclear reaction when a beam of accelerated nuclei collides with a target
nucleus implanted in condensed matter is suggested. The effect considered is
exponentially large for low collision energies. For t + p collision the
mechanism becomes effective when the energy of the projectile tritium is below
$\sim$ 1 Kev per nucleon. The gain in probability of the nuclear reaction is
due to a redistribution of energy and momentum of the projectile in several
``preliminary'' elastic collisions with the target nucleus and the
environmental nuclei in such a way that the final inelastic projectile-target
collision takes place at a larger relative velocity, which is accompanied by a
decrease of the center of mass energy. The gain of the relative velocity
exponentially increases the penetration through the Coulomb barrier.


  We calculate conformal anomalies in noncommutative gauge theories by using
the path integral method (Fujikawa's method). Along with the axial anomalies
and chiral gauge anomalies, conformal anomalies take the form of the
straightforward Moyal deformation in the corresponding conformal anomalies in
ordinary gauge theories. However, the Moyal star product leads to the
difference in the coefficient of the conformal anomalies between noncommutative
gauge theories and ordinary gauge theories. The $\beta$ (Callan-Symanzik)
functions which are evaluated from the coefficient of the conformal anomalies
coincide with the result of perturbative analysis.


  Quantum correlation of bipartite states (beyond entanglement) in presence of
environment is studied for Heisenberg XYZ spin system. It is shown that if the
system is allowed to exchange energy with environment, the initial state
evolves and settles down to uncorrelated state in asymptotic limit. We have
also demonstrated that fidelity based measurement induced non-locality is a
useful quantity in characterizing correlated quantum states.


  We present deep 850micron imaging of the z=0.773 strong lensing galaxy
cluster RCSJ022434-0002.5 from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS). These
data are part of a larger submillimeter survey of RCS clusters, with SCUBA on
the JCMT. We find five objects at 850micron, all of which are also detected at
either 1.4-GHz, 450micron or both. The number density of objects in this field
is in general agreement with the blank-field source counts; however, when
combined with other cluster surveys a general tendency of cluster fields
towards higher submm number densities is seen, which may be the result of
unrecognized submillimeter luminous cluster galaxies. Primarily employing
optical photometric redshifts we show that two of the five submillimeter
galaxies in this field are consistent with being cluster members, while two are
more likely background systems.


  The problem of estimating the accuracy of signal reconstruction from
threshold-based sampling, by only taking the sampling output into account, is
addressed. The approach is based on re-sampling the reconstructed signal and
the application of a distance measure in the output space which satisfies the
condition of quasi-isometry. The quasi-isometry property allows to estimate the
reconstruction accuracy from the matching accuracy between the sign sequences
resulting from sampling and the re-sampling after reconstruction. This approach
is exemplified by means of leaky integrate-and-fire. It is shown that this
approach can be used for parameter tuning for optimizing the reconstruction
accuracy.