  The process mu+ mu- --> H gamma, though small compared to the resonance
process, could be observable at proposed muon colliders, given expected
integrated luminosities. The apparently leading diagrams occur at tree-level,
and are proportional to the Higgs-muon coupling. We show, however, that the
one-loop contribution is comparable to the tree-level amplitude. Furthermore,
the one-loop diagrams, unlike those at tree-level, could be greatly enhanced by
possible anomalous Higgs-top quark or Higgs-gauge boson couplings. For a 500
GeV unpolarized muon collider, the total cross section for H-gamma associated
production approaches 0.1 fb.


  Action recognition in videos has attracted a lot of attention in the past
decade. In order to learn robust models, previous methods usually assume videos
are trimmed as short sequences and require ground-truth annotations of each
video frame/sequence, which is quite costly and time-consuming. In this paper,
given only video-level annotations, we propose a novel weakly supervised
framework to simultaneously locate action frames as well as recognize actions
in untrimmed videos. Our proposed framework consists of two major components.
First, for action frame localization, we take advantage of the self-attention
mechanism to weight each frame, such that the influence of background frames
can be effectively eliminated. Second, considering that there are trimmed
videos publicly available and also they contain useful information to leverage,
we present an additional module to transfer the knowledge from trimmed videos
for improving the classification performance in untrimmed ones. Extensive
experiments are conducted on two benchmark datasets (i.e., THUMOS14 and
ActivityNet1.3), and experimental results clearly corroborate the efficacy of
our method.


  We derive a discrete analogue of Morse-Bott theory on CW complexes and use
this discrete Morse-Bott function to do some Conley theory analysis. It turns
out that our discrete Morse-Bott theory is indeed a generalization of Forman's
discrete Morse theory.


  A classical coding across a block of logical qubits is presented. We
characterize subgroups of the product stabilizer group on a block of logical
qubits corresponding to dual codes of classical error correcting codes. We
prove conditions on the set of correctable error patterns allowing for
unambiguous decoding based on a lookup table. For a large family of classical
algebraic codes, we show that the qubit overhead required for syndrome
extraction from $L$ logical qubits scales as ${\cal O}(\log_2(L+1)),$
asymptotically. The basic construction is adapted to account for two-qubit and
measurement errors, while still employing a lookup table based decoder.
Moreover, we characterize the set of detectable errors and show how classical
algebraic decoders can unambiguously locate logical qubits with errors even in
the presence of syndrome noise. We argue that quantum error correction is more
aptly viewed as source compression in the sense of Shannon, and that Shannon's
source and channel coding theorems provide bounds on the overhead rates of
quantum post-selection tasks, such as quantum error correction, at the level of
the encoded quantum register.


  A particularly promising pathway to enhance the efficiency of thermoelectric
materials lies in the use of resonant states, as suggested by experimentalists
and theorists alike. In this paper, we go over the mechanisms used in the
literature to explain how resonant levels affect the thermoelectric properties,
and we suggest that the effects of hybridization are crucial yet
ill-understood. In order to get a good grasp of the physical picture and to
draw guidelines for thermoelectric enhancement, we use a tight-binding model
containing a conduction band hybridized with a flat band. We find that the
conductivity is suppressed in a wide energy range near the resonance, but that
the Seebeck coefficient can be boosted for strong enough hybridization, thus
allowing for a significant increase of the power factor. The Seebeck
coefficient can also display a sign change as the Fermi level crosses the
resonance. Our results suggest that in order to boost the power factor, the
hybridization strength must not be too low, the resonant level must not be too
close to the conduction (or valence) band edge, and the Fermi level must be
located around, but not inside, the resonant peak.


  In this paper, we study the linear complementarity problems on extended
second order cones. We convert a linear complementarity problem on an extended
second order cone into a mixed complementarity problem on the non-negative
orthant. We state necessary and sufficient conditions for a point to be a
solution of the converted problem. We also present solution strategies for this
problem, such as the Newton method and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Finally,
we present some numerical examples.


  Next-to-leading order calculation for three jet heavy quark production in
e^+e^- collisions, including complete quark mass effects, is reviewed. Its
applications at LEP/SLC are also discussed.


  The initiation and development of fractures in rocks is the key part of many
problems from academic to industrial, such as faulting, folding, rock mass
engineering, reservoir characterization, etc. Conventional ways of evaluating
the fracture historical deformations depend on the geologists' visual
interpretation of indicating structures such as fault striations, fault steps,
plumose structures, etc. on the fracture surface produced by previous
deformations, and hence suffer from problems like subjectivity and the absence
of obvious indicating structures. In this study, we propose a quantitative
method to derive historical shear deformations of rock fractures from digital
outcrop models (DOMs) based on the analysis of effects of fault striations and
fault steps on the shear strength parameter of the fracture surface. A
theoretical model that combines effects of fault striations, fault steps and
isotropic base shear strength is fitted to the shear strength parameter. The
amount of fault striations and fault steps and their occurrences are estimated,
and the historical shear deformations can be inferred. The validity and the
effectiveness of the proposed method was proved by testing it on a constructed
fracture surface with idealized striations and a fracture surface with clear
fault steps. The application of this method on an example outcrop shows an
intuitive idea of how the rock mass was deformed and that the distribution,
occurrence and mode of new fractures are strictly controlled by preexisting
fractures, and hence emphasizes the importance of preexisting fractures in
modeling the development of fracture systems.


  We propose an all-static method to realize an artificial magnetic field for
charge neutral particles without introducing any time modulation. Our proposal
consists of one-dimensional tubes subject to harmonic trapping potentials with
shifted centers. We show that this setup realizes an artificial magnetic field
in a hybrid real-momentum space. We discuss how characteristic features of
particles in a magnetic field, such as chiral edge states and the quantized
Hall response, can be observed in this setup. We find that the mean-field
ground state of bosons in this setup in the presence of long-range interactions
in physical real space can have quantized vortices in the hybrid real-momentum
space; such a state with vortices exhibits a supersolid structure in the
physical real space. Our method can be applied to a variety of synthetic
quantum matter, including ultracold atomic gases, coupled photonic cavities,
coupled waveguides, and exciton-polariton lattices.


  For Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations, with the standard definitions of
viscosity super-solution and sub-solution, it is known that there is a
comparison between any (viscosity) super-solutions and sub-solutions. This
should be the same for HJB type quasi-variational inequalities (QVIs) arising
from optimal impulse control problems. However, according to a natural adoption
of the definition found in Barles 1985, Barles 1985b, the uniqueness of the
viscosity solution could be guaranteed, but the comparison between viscosity
super- and sub-solutions could not be guaranteed. This paper introduces a
modification of the definition for the viscosity super-solution of HJB type
QVIs so that the desired comparison theorem will hold.


  One of the key ingredients of A. Connes' noncommutative geometry is a
generalized Dirac operator which induces a metric(Connes' distance) on the
state space. We generalize such a Dirac operator devised by A. Dimakis et al,
whose Connes' distance recovers the linear distance on a 1D lattice, into 2D
lattice. This Dirac operator being "naturally" defined has the so-called "local
eigenvalue property" and induces Euclidean distance on this 2D lattice. This
kind of Dirac operator can be generalized into any higher dimensional lattices.


  Multi-domain learning (MDL) refers to simultaneously constructing a model or
a set of models on datasets collected from different domains. Conventional
approaches emphasize domain-shared information extraction and domain-private
information preservation, following the shared-private framework (SP models),
which offers significant advantages over single-domain learning. However, the
limited availability of annotated data in each domain considerably hinders the
effectiveness of conventional supervised MDL approaches in real-world
applications. In this paper, we introduce a novel method called multi-domain
contrastive learning (MDCL) to alleviate the impact of insufficient annotations
by capturing both semantic and structural information from both labeled and
unlabeled data.Specifically, MDCL comprises two modules: inter-domain semantic
alignment and intra-domain contrast. The former aims to align annotated
instances of the same semantic category from distinct domains within a shared
hidden space, while the latter focuses on learning a cluster structure of
unlabeled instances in a private hidden space for each domain. MDCL is readily
compatible with many SP models, requiring no additional model parameters and
allowing for end-to-end training. Experimental results across five textual and
image multi-domain datasets demonstrate that MDCL brings noticeable improvement
over various SP models.Furthermore, MDCL can further be employed in
multi-domain active learning (MDAL) to achieve a superior initialization,
eventually leading to better overall performance.


  Research on online political communication has primarily focused on content
in explicitly political spaces. In this work, we set out to determine the
amount of political talk missed using this approach. Focusing on Reddit, we
estimate that nearly half of all political talk takes place in subreddits that
host political content less than 25% of the time. In other words, cumulatively,
political talk in non-political spaces is abundant. We further examine the
nature of political talk and show that political conversations are less toxic
in non-political subreddits. Indeed, the average toxicity of political comments
replying to a out-partisan in non-political subreddits is even less than the
toxicity of co-partisan replies in explicitly political subreddits.


  This paper studies the influences of a high-frequency trader (HFT) on a large
trader whose future trading is predicted by the former. We conclude that HFT
always front-runs and the large trader is benefited when: (1) there is
sufficient high-speed noise trading; (2) HFT's prediction is vague enough.
Besides, we find surprisingly that (1) making HFT's prediction less accurate
might decrease large trader's profit; (2) when there is little high-speed noise
trading, although HFT nearly does nothing, the large trader is still hurt.


  We examine the possibility that time dependence might remove the singular
nature of global string spacetimes. We first show that this time dependence
takes a specific form -- a de-Sitter like expansion along the length of the
string and give an argument for the existence of such a solution, estimating
the rate of expansion. We compare our solution to the singular Cohen-Kaplan
spacetime.


  We study the Gauge/Bethe correspondence for two-dimensional
$\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ supersymmetric quiver gauge theories associated with toric
Calabi-Yau three-folds, whose BPS algebras have recently been identified as the
quiver Yangians. We start with the crystal representations of the quiver
Yangian, which are placed at each site of the spin chain. We then construct
integrable models by combining the single-site crystals into crystal chains by
a coproduct of the algebra, which we determine by a combination of
representation-theoretical and gauge-theoretical arguments. For non-chiral
quivers, we find that the Bethe ansatz equations for the crystal chain coincide
with the vacuum equation of the quiver gauge theory, thus confirming the
corresponding Gauge/Bethe correspondence. For more general chiral quivers,
however, we find obstructions to the $R$-matrices satisfying the Yang-Baxter
equations and the unitarity conditions, and hence to their corresponding
Gauge/Bethe correspondence. We also discuss trigonometric (quantum toroidal)
versions of the quiver BPS algebras, which correspond to three-dimensional
$\mathcal{N}=2$ gauge theories and arrive at similar conclusions. Our findings
demonstrate that there are important subtleties in the Gauge/Bethe
correspondence, often overlooked in the literature.


  A cosmological model in Lyra's geometry are studied under the assumption that
an effective cosmological term is appeared in the field equations as the result
of interaction between the displacement vector field and an auxiliary $ \Lambda
$ - term. Some exact solutions of the model equations are obtained and
preliminary studied for the simplest cases in order to illustrate how such a
model works


  In this paper statistical solutions of the 3D Navier-Stokes-$\alpha$ model
with periodic boundary condition are considered. It is proved that under
certain natural conditions statistical solutions of the 3D
Navier-Stokes-$\alpha$ model converge to statistical solutions of the exact 3D
Navier-Stokes equations as $\alpha$ goes to zero. The statistical solutions
considered here arise as families of time-projections of measures in suitable
trajectory spaces.


  We prove that toric cubes, which are images of $[0,1]^d$ under monomial maps,
are the closures of graphs of monotone maps, and in particular
semi-algebraically homeomorphic to closed balls.


  Recent progresses on deep discriminative and generative modeling have shown
promising results on texture synthesis. However, existing feed-forward based
methods trade off generality for efficiency, which suffer from many issues,
such as shortage of generality (i.e., build one network per texture), lack of
diversity (i.e., always produce visually identical output) and suboptimality
(i.e., generate less satisfying visual effects). In this work, we focus on
solving these issues for improved texture synthesis. We propose a deep
generative feed-forward network which enables efficient synthesis of multiple
textures within one single network and meaningful interpolation between them.
Meanwhile, a suite of important techniques are introduced to achieve better
convergence and diversity. With extensive experiments, we demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed model and techniques for synthesizing a large
number of textures and show its applications with the stylization.


  We consider a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator where the central
conductor is interrupted by a series of uniformly spaced Josephson junctions.
The device forms an extended medium that is optically nonlinear on the single
photon level with normal modes that inherit the full nonlinearity of the
junctions but are nonetheless accessible via the resonator ports. For specific
plasma frequencies of the junctions a set of normal modes clusters in a narrow
band and eventually become entirely degenerate. Upon increasing the intensity
of a red detuned drive on these modes, we observe a sharp and synchronized
switching from low occupation quantum states to high occupation classical
fields, accompanied by a pronounced jump from low to high output intensity.


  Given a text $T$ of length $n$, we propose a deterministic online algorithm
computing the sparse suffix array and the sparse longest common prefix array of
$T$ in $O(c \sqrt{\lg n} + m \lg m \lg n \lg^* n)$ time with $O(m)$ words of
space under the premise that the space of $T$ is rewritable, where $m \le n$ is
the number of suffixes to be sorted (provided online and arbitrarily), and $c$
is the number of characters with $m \le c \le n$ that must be compared for
distinguishing the designated suffixes.


  We present spectroscopic redshifts of S(870)>2mJy submillimetre galaxies
(SMGs) which have been identified from the ALMA follow-up observations of 870um
detected sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (the ALMA-LESS
survey). We derive spectroscopic redshifts for 52 SMGs, with a median of
z=2.4+/-0.1. However, the distribution features a high redshift tail, with ~25%
of the SMGs at z>3. Spectral diagnostics suggest that the SMGs are young
starbursts, and the velocity offsets between the nebular emission and UV ISM
absorption lines suggest that many are driving winds, with velocity offsets up
to 2000km/s. Using the spectroscopic redshifts and the extensive UV-to-radio
photometry in this field, we produce optimised spectral energy distributions
(SEDs) using Magphys, and use the SEDs to infer a median stellar mass of
M*=(6+/-1)x10^{10}Msol for our SMGs with spectroscopic redshifts. By combining
these stellar masses with the star-formation rates (measured from the
far-infrared SEDs), we show that SMGs (on average) lie a factor ~5 above the
main-sequence at z~2. We provide this library of 52 template fits with robust
and well-sampled SEDs available as a resource for future studies of SMGs, and
also release the spectroscopic catalog of ~2000 (mostly infrared-selected)
galaxies targeted as part of the spectroscopic campaign.


  Selection effects, connected with stochastic errors in source flux and
threshold value determination are analyzed. Normal and normal logarithmic
distributions of stochastic deviations are considered. These two kind of
distributions produce different effects on the source statistics. Applications
to Gamma Ray Burst statistics are discussed. A physical test for checking a
close neutron star model of GRBs is suggested.


  The fundamental problem in Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is to efficiently
find high-performing architectures from a given search space. We propose a
simple but powerful method which we call FEAR, for ranking architectures in any
search space. FEAR leverages the viewpoint that neural networks are powerful
non-linear feature extractors. First, we train different architectures in the
search space to the same training or validation error. Then, we compare the
usefulness of the features extracted by each architecture. We do so with a
quick training keeping most of the architecture frozen. This gives fast
estimates of the relative performance. We validate FEAR on Natsbench topology
search space on three different datasets against competing baselines and show
strong ranking correlation especially compared to recently proposed zero-cost
methods. FEAR particularly excels at ranking high-performance architectures in
the search space. When used in the inner loop of discrete search algorithms
like random search, FEAR can cut down the search time by approximately 2.4X
without losing accuracy. We additionally empirically study very recently
proposed zero-cost measures for ranking and find that they breakdown in ranking
performance as training proceeds and also that data-agnostic ranking scores
which ignore the dataset do not generalize across dissimilar datasets.


  This paper solves the open problem on the sharp bound for the number of
isolated solutions in $\mathbf{R}_*^n$ to the real system of $n$ polynomial
equations in $n$ variables, i.e., the real $n$ by $n$ fewnomial system. For an
unmixed system of $n$ polynomial equations in $n$ variables, this paper shows
that the number of its positive solutions in $\mathbf{R}_*^n$ is sharply
bounded by that of the simplex configurations in the triangulation of its
support generically. The proof is based on a homotopic argument and an
inductive triangulation of the support of the system via a hierarchy of pyramid
configurations of different orders. For the mixed system of $n$ polynomial
equations in $n$ variables, this paper shows that the maximal number of
positive solutions in $\mathbf{R}_*^n$ to the systems with the same support is
a symmetric multilinear function of the support generically and hence can be
computed via the polarization identity.


  In this paper, we study the problem of power and channel allocation for
multicarrier non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) full duplex (FD) systems. In
such a system there are multiple interfering users transmitting over the same
channel and the allocation task is a non-convex and extremely challenging
problem. The objective of our work is to propose a solution that is close to
the theoretic optimum but is of limited complexity. Following a block
coordinate descent approach, we propose two algorithms based on the
decomposition of the original allocation problem in lower-complexity
sub-problems, which can be solved in the Lagrangian dual domain with a great
reduction of the computational load. Numerical results show the effectiveness
of approach we propose, which outperforms other schemes designed to address
NOMA-FD allocation and attains performance similar to the optimal solution with
much lower complexity.


  A diffeomorphism of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds is called sectional curvature
preserving if it preserves the sectional curvature of all the nondegenerate
2-planes. We consider a similar condition for degenerate 2-planes and we prove
that the diffeomorphism is conformal (when the condition is fulfilled for
weakly degenerate planes) or an isometry (when the condition is fulfilled for
strongly degenerate 2-planes).


  Recently, it was shown that the complex dynamical behaviour of spicules has
to be interpreted as the result of simultaneous action of three kinds of
motion: (1) field aligned flows, (2) swaying motions, and (3) torsional
motions. We use high-quality observations from CRISP at the SST to investigate
signs of these different kinetic modes in spicules on the disk. Earlier, rapid
blue-shifted excursions (RBEs), short-lived absorption features in the blue
wing of chromospheric spectral lines, were identified as the disk counterpart
of type II spicules. Here we report the existence of similar absorption
features in the red wing of the Ca II 8542 and Halpha lines: rapid red-shifted
excursions (RREs). RREs are found over the whole solar disk and are located in
the same regions as RBEs: in the vicinity of magnetic field concentrations.
RREs have similar characteristics as RBEs: they have similar lengths, widths,
lifetimes, and average Doppler velocity. The striking similarity of RREs to
RBEs implies that RREs are a manifestation of the same physical phenomenon and
that spicules harbour motions that can result in a net red-shift when observed
on-disk. We find that RREs are less abundant than RBEs and we interpret the
higher number of RBEs and the decreased imbalance towards the limb as an
indication that field-aligned up-flows have a significant contribution to the
net Dopplershift. Most RREs and RBEs are observed in isolation but we find many
examples of parallel and touching RRE/RBE pairs which appear to be part of the
same spicule. We interpret the existence of these RRE/RBE pairs as signs that
torsional motion is an important characteristic of spicules. The fact that most
RBEs and RREs are observed in isolation agrees with the idea that transversal
swaying motion is another important kinetic mode. We find examples of
transitions from RRE to RBE and vice versa.


  A detailed theoretical investigation is given which demonstrates that a
recently proposed statistical scaling symmetry is physically void. Although
this scaling is mathematically admitted as a unique symmetry transformation by
the underlying statistical equations for incompressible Navier-Stokes
turbulence on the level of the functional Hopf equation, by closer inspection,
however, it leads to physical inconsistencies and erroneous conclusions in the
theory of turbulence. The new statistical symmetry is thus misleading in so far
as it forms within an unmodelled theory an analytical result which at the same
time lacks physical consistency. Our investigation will expose this
inconsistency on different levels of statistical description, where on each
level we will gain new insights for its non-physical transformation behavior.
With a view to generate invariant turbulent scaling laws, the consequences will
be finally discussed when trying to analytically exploit such a symmetry. In
fact, a mismatch between theory and numerical experiment is conclusively
quantified. We ultimately propose a general strategy on how to not only track
unphysical statistical symmetries, but also on how to avoid generating such
misleading invariance results from the outset. All the more so as this specific
study on a physically inconsistent scaling symmetry only serves as a
representative example within the broader context of statistical invariance
analysis. In this sense our investigation is applicable to all areas of
statistical physics in which symmetries get determined in order to either
characterize complex dynamical systems, or in order to extract physically
useful and meaningful information from the underlying dynamical process itself.


  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that influences
the communication and social behavior of a person in a way that those in the
spectrum have difficulty in perceiving other people's facial expressions, as
well as presenting and communicating emotions and affect via their own faces
and bodies. Some efforts have been made to predict and improve children with
ASD's affect states in play therapy, a common method to improve children's
social skills via play and games. However, many previous works only used
pre-trained models on benchmark emotion datasets and failed to consider the
distinction in emotion between typically developing children and children with
autism. In this paper, we present an open-source two-stage multi-modal approach
leveraging acoustic and visual cues to predict three main affect states of
children with ASD's affect states (positive, negative, and neutral) in
real-world play therapy scenarios, and achieved an overall accuracy of 72:40%.
This work presents a novel way to combine human expertise and machine
intelligence for ASD affect recognition by proposing a two-stage schema.


  In free-space optical communications and other applications, it is desirable
to design optical beams that have reduced or even minimal scintillation.
However, the optimization problem for minimizing scintillation is challenging,
and few optimal solutions have been found. Here we investigate the general
optimization problem of minimizing scintillation and formulate it as a convex
optimization problem. An analytical solution is found and demonstrates that a
beam that minimizes scintillation is incoherent light (i.e., spatially
uncorrelated). Furthermore, numerical solutions show that beams minimizing
scintillation give very low intensity at the receiver. To counteract this
effect, we study a new convex cost function that balances both scintillation
and intensity. We show through numerical experiments that the minimizers of
this cost function reduce scintillation while preserving a significantly higher
level of intensity at the receiver.


  A building's environment has profound influence on occupant comfort and
health. Continuous monitoring of building occupancy and environment is
essential to fault detection, intelligent control, and building commissioning.
Though many solutions for environmental measuring based on wireless sensor
networks exist, they are not easily accessible to households and building
owners who may lack time or technical expertise needed to set up a system and
get quick and detailed overview of environmental conditions.
  Building-in-Briefcase (BiB) is a portable sensor network platform that is
trivially easy to deploy in any building environment. Once the sensors are
distributed, the environmental data is collected and communicated to the BiB
router via TCP/IP protocol and WiFi technology which then forwards the data to
the central database securely over the internet through a 3G radio. The user,
with minimal effort, can access the aggregated data and visualize the trends in
real time on the BiB web portal. Paramount to the adoption and continued
operation of an indoor sensing platform is battery lifetime. This design has
achieved a multi-year lifespan by careful selection of components, an efficient
binary communications protocol and data compression. Our BiB sensor is capable
of collecting a rich set of environmental parameters, and is expandable to
measure others, such as CO2. This paper describes the power characteristics of
BiB sensors and their occupancy estimation and activity recognition
functionality. Our vision is large-scale deployment of BiB in thousands of
buildings, which would provide ample research opportunities and opportunities
to identify ways to improve the building environment and energy efficiency.


  The free energy of ABJM theory has previously been computed in the strong and
weak coupling limits. In this note, we report on results for the computation of
the first non-vanishing quantum correction to the free energy, from the field
theory side. The correction can be expressed in terms of a thermal mass for the
scalar fields. This mass vanishes to 1-loop order, but there is a non-vanishing
result to 2-loop order. Hence, the leading correction to the free energy is
non-analytic in the 't Hooft coupling constant lambda. The reason is that the
infrared divergences necessitate a resummation of ring diagrams and a related
reorganization of perturbation theory, in which already the leading correction
receives contributions from all orders in lambda. These results suggest that
the free energy interpolates smoothly between weak and strong coupling.


  Let a finite group $G$ act on the complex plane $({\Bbb C}^2, 0)$. We
consider multi-index filtrations on the spaces of germs of holomorphic
functions of two variables equivariant with respect to 1-dimensional
representations of the group $G$ defined by components of a modification of the
complex plane ${\Bbb C}^2$ at the origin or by branches of a $G$-invariant
plane curve singularity $(C,0)\subset({\Bbb C}^2,0)$. We give formulae for the
Poincare series of these filtrations. In particular, this gives a new method to
obtain the Poincare series of analogous filtrations on the rings of germs of
functions on quotient surface singularities.


  Landauer's principle asserts that any computation has an unavoidable energy
cost that grows proportionally to its degree of logical irreversibility. But
even a logically reversible operation, when run on a physical processor that
operates on different energy levels, requires energy. Here we quantify this
energy requirement, providing upper and lower bounds that coincide up to a
constant factor. We derive these bounds from a general quantum
resource-theoretic argument, which implies that the initial resource
requirement for implementing a unitary operation within an error~$\epsilon$
grows like $1/\sqrt \epsilon$ times the amount of resource generated by the
operation. Applying these results to quantum circuits, we find that their
energy requirement can, by an appropriate design, be made independent of their
time complexity.


  The universal cover or the covering group of a hyperbolic Riemann surface $X$
is important but hard to express explicitly. It can be, however, detected by
the uniformisation and a suitable description of $X$. Beardon proposed five
different ways to describe twice-punctured disks using fundamental domain,
hyperbolic length, collar and extremal length in 2012. We parameterize a
once-punctured annulus $A$ in terms of five parameter pairs and give explicit
formulas about the hyperbolic structure and the complex structure of $A$.
Several degenerating cases are also treated.


  Young stellar objects (YSOs) may not accumulate their mass steadily, as was
previously thought, but in a series of violent events manifesting themselves as
sharp stellar brightening. These events can be caused by fragmentation due to
gravitational instabilities in massive gaseous disks surrounding young stars,
followed by migration of dense gaseous clumps onto the star. We report our high
angular resolution, coronagraphic near-infrared polarization imaging
observations using the High Contrast Instrument for the Subaru Next Generation
Adaptive Optics (HiCIAO) of the Subaru 8.2 m Telescope, towards four YSOs which
are undergoing luminous accretion outbursts. The obtained infrared images have
verified the presence of several hundred AUs scale arms and arcs surrounding
these YSOs. In addition, our hydrodynamics simulations and radiative transfer
models further demonstrate that these observed structures can indeed be
explained by strong gravitational instabilities occurring at the beginning of
the disk formation phase. The effect of those tempestuous episodes of disk
evolution on star and planet formation remains to be understood.


  The Herglotz problem is a generalization of the fundamental problem of the
calculus of variations. In this paper, we consider a class of
non-differentiable functions, where the dynamics is described by a scale
derivative. Necessary conditions are derived to determine the optimal solution
for the problem. Some other problems are considered, like transversality
conditions, the multi-dimensional case, higher-order derivatives and for
several independent variables.


  In this paper,\ the authors define a space with an uniform base at
non-isolated points, give some characterizations of images of metric spaces by
boundary-compact maps, and study certain relationship among spaces with special
base properties.\ The main results are the following: (1)\ $X$ is an open,\
boundary-compact image of a metric space if and only if $X$ has an uniform base
at non-isolated points; (2)\ Each discretizable space of a space with an
uniform base is an open compact and at most boundary-one image of a space with
an uniform base; (3)\ $X$ has a point-countable base if and only if $X$ is a
bi-quotient,\ at most boundary-one and countable-to-one image of a metric
space.


  The testing time for a system-on-chip(SOC) largely depends on the design of
test wrappers and the test access mechanism(TAM).Wrapper/TAM co-optimization is
therefore necessary to minimize SOC testing time . In this paper, we propose an
efficient algorithm to construct wrappers that reduce testing time for cores.
We further propose a new approach for wrapper/TAM co-optimization based on
two-dimensional rectangle packing. This approach considers the diagonal length
of the rectangles to emphasize on both TAM widths required by a core and its
corresponding testing time.


  In quantum estimation theory, the Holevo bound is known as a lower bound of
weighed traces of covariances of unbiased estimators. The Holevo bound is
defined by a solution of a minimization problem, and in general, explicit
solution is not known. When the dimension of Hilbert space is two and the
number of parameters is two, a explicit form of the Holevo bound was given by
Suzuki. In this paper, we focus on a logarithmic derivative lies between the
symmetric logarithmic derivative (SLD) and the right logarithmic derivative
(RLD) parameterized by $\beta\in[0,1]$ to obtain lower bounds of weighted trace
of covariance of unbiased estimator. We introduce the maximum logarithmic
derivative bound as the maximum of bounds with respect to $\beta$. We show that
all monotone metrics induce lower bounds, and the maximum logarithmic
derivative bound is the largest bound among them. We show that the maximum
logarithmic derivative bound has explicit solution when the $d$ dimensional
model has $d+1$ dimensional $\mathcal{D}$ invariant extension of the SLD
tangent space. Furthermore, when $d=2$, we show that the maximization problem
to define the maximum logarithmic derivative bound is the Lagrangian duality of
the minimization problem to define Holevo bound, and is the same as the Holevo
bound. This explicit solution is a generalization of the solution for a two
dimensional Hilbert space given by Suzuki. We give also examples of families of
quantum states to which our theory can be applied not only for two dimensional
Hilbert spaces.


  Stability and protection of the electrical power systems are always of
primary concern. Stability can be affected mostly by increase in the load
demand. Power grids are overloaded in peak hours so more power generation units
are required to cope the demand. Increase in power generation is not an optimal
solution. With the enlargement in Smart grid (SG), it becomes easier to
correlate the consumer demand and available power. The most significant
featutre of smart grid is demand response (DR) which is used to match the
demand of available electrical energy and shift the peak load into off peak
hours to improve the economics of energy and stability of grid stations.
Presently we used Genetic algorithm (GA) to schedule the load via real time
pricing signal (RTP). Load is categorized depending on their energy
requirement, operational constraint and duty cycle. We conclude that GA
provides optimal solution for scheduling of house hold appliances by curtailing
overall utilized energy cost and peak to average ratio hence improving the load
profile.


  We review the recent progress in studying the quantum structure of $6D$,
${\cal N}=(1,0)$ and ${\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric gauge theories formulated
through unconstrained harmonic superfields. The harmonic superfield approach
allows one to carry out the quantization and calculations of the quantum
corrections in a manifestly ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetric way. The quantum
effective action is constructed with the help of the background field method
that secures the manifest gauge invariance of the results. Although the
theories under consideration are not renormalizable, the extended supersymmetry
essentially improves the ultraviolet behavior of the lowest-order loops. The
${\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric Yang--Mills theory turns out to be finite in
the one-loop approximation in the minimal gauge. Also some two-loop divergences
are shown to be absent in this theory. Analysis of the divergences is performed
both in terms of harmonic supergraphs and by the manifestly gauge covariant
superfield proper-time method. The finite one-loop leading low-energy effective
action is calculated and analyzed. Also in the abelian case we discuss the
gauge dependence of the quantum corrections and present its precise form for
the one-loop divergent part of the effective action.


  Mode-switching supports multilevel operations using a limited number of input
methods. In Virtual Reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMD), common approaches
for mode-switching use buttons, controllers, and users' hands. However, they
are inefficient and challenging to do with tasks that require both hands (e.g.,
when users need to use two hands during drawing operations). Using head
gestures for mode-switching can be an efficient and cost-effective way,
allowing for a more continuous and smooth transition between modes. In this
paper, we explore the use of head gestures for mode-switching especially in
scenarios when both users' hands are performing tasks. We present a first user
study that evaluated eight head gestures that could be suitable for VR HMD with
a dual-hand line-drawing task. Results show that move forward, move backward,
roll left, and roll right led to better performance and are preferred by
participants. A second study integrating these four gestures in Tilt Brush, an
open-source painting VR application, is conducted to further explore the
applicability of these gestures and derive insights. Results show that Tilt
Brush with head gestures allowed users to change modes with ease and led to
improved interaction and user experience. The paper ends with a discussion on
some design recommendations for using head-based mode-switching in VR HMD.


  Using Jacobi's identity we derive a simple expression for the Bessel
functions of integer order in terms of combinations of powers and hyperbolic
functions of the same argument.


  We present near-infrared and optical observations of the Type Ic Supernova
(SN) 2020oi in the galaxy M100 and the broad-lined Type Ic SN2020bvc in UGC
9379, using Gemini, LCO, SOAR, and other ground-based telescopes. The near-IR
spectrum of SN2020oi at day 63 since the explosion shows strong CO emissions
and a rising K-band continuum, which is the first unambiguous dust detection
from a Type Ic SN. Non-LTE CO modeling shows that CO is still optically thick,
and that the lower limit to the CO mass is 0.001 Msun. The dust temperature is
810 K, and the dust mass is ~10^(-5) Msun. We explore the possibilities that
the dust is freshly formed in the ejecta, heated dust in the pre-existing
circumstellar medium, and an infrared echo. The light curves of SN2020oi are
consistent with a STELLA model with canonical explosion energy, 0.07 Msun Ni
mass, and 0.7 Msun ejecta mass. A model of high explosion energy of ~10^(52)
erg, 0.4 Msun Ni mass, 6.5 Msun ejecta mass with the circumstellar matter,
reproduces the double-peaked light curves of SN2020bvc. We observe temporal
changes of absorption features of the IR Ca~II triplet, S~I at 1.043 micron,
and Fe~II at 5169 Angstrom. The blue-shifted lines indicate high velocities, up
to 60,000 km/s for SN2020bvc and 20,000 km/s for SN2020oi, and the expansion
velocity rapidly declines before the optical maximum. We present spectral
signatures and diagnostics of CO and SiO molecular bands between 1.4 and 10
microns.


  Dimensionality reduction techniques play important roles in the analysis of
big data. Traditional dimensionality reduction approaches, such as principal
component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), have been
studied extensively in the past few decades. However, as the dimensionality of
data increases, the computational cost of traditional dimensionality reduction
methods grows exponentially, and the computation becomes prohibitively
intractable. These drawbacks have triggered the development of random
projection (RP) techniques, which map high-dimensional data onto a
low-dimensional subspace with extremely reduced time cost. However, the RP
transformation matrix is generated without considering the intrinsic structure
of the original data and usually leads to relatively high distortion.
Therefore, in recent years, methods based on RP have been proposed to address
this problem. In this paper, we summarize the methods used in different
situations to help practitioners to employ the proper techniques for their
specific applications. Meanwhile, we enumerate the benefits and limitations of
the various methods and provide further references for researchers to develop
novel RP-based approaches.


  In this paper we study a mathematical model that represents the concentration
polarization and osmosis effects in a reverse osmosis cross-flow channel with
porous membranes at some of its boundaries. The fluid is modeled using the
Navier-Stokes equations and Darcy's law is used to impose the momentum balance
on the membrane. The scheme consist of a conforming finite element method with
the velocity-pressure formulation for the Navier-Stokes equations, together
with a primal scheme for the convection-diffusion equations. The Nitsche method
is used to impose the permeability condition across the membrane. Several
numerical experiments are performed to show the robustness of the method. The
resulting model accurately replicates the analytical models and predicts
similar results to previous works. It is found that the submerged configuration
has the highest permeate production, but also has the greatest pressure loss of
all three configurations studied.


  We have found that non-STEM majors taking either a conceptual physics or
astronomy course at two regional comprehensive institutions score significantly
lower pre-instruction on the Lawson's Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning
(LCTSR) in comparison to national average STEM majors. The majority of non-STEM
students can be classified as either concrete operational or transitional
reasoners in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, whereas in the STEM
population formal operational reasoners are far more prevalent. In particular,
non-STEM students demonstrate significant difficulty with proportional and
hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Pre-scores on the LCTSR are correlated with
normalized learning gains on various concept inventories. The correlation is
strongest for content that can be categorized as mostly theoretical, meaning a
lack of directly observable exemplars, and weakest for content categorized as
mostly descriptive, where directly observable exemplars are abundant. Although
the implementation of research-verified, interactive engagement pedagogy can
lead to gains in content knowledge, significant gains in theoretical content
(such as force and energy) are more difficult with non-STEM students. We also
observe no significant gains on the LCTSR without explicit instruction in
scientific reasoning patterns. These results further demonstrate that
differences in student populations are important when comparing normalized
gains on concept inventories, and the achievement of significant gains in
scientific reasoning requires a re-evaluation of the traditional approach to
physics for non-STEM students.


  The simplicity of the CMB data, so well described by single-field inflation,
raises the question whether there might be an equally simple multi-field
realization consistent with the observations. We explore the idea that an
approximate 'angular' shift symmetry in field space (an isometry) protects the
dynamics of coupled inflationary perturbations. This idea relates to the recent
observation that multi-field inflation mimics the predictions of single-field
inflation, if the inflaton is efficiently and constantly coupled to a second
massless degree of freedom (the isocurvature perturbation). In multi-field
inflation, the inflationary trajectory is in general not aligned with the
gradient of the potential. As a corollary the potential does not reflect the
symmetries of perturbations. We propose a new method to reconstruct
simultaneously a two-field action and an inflationary trajectory which proceeds
along an `angular' direction of field space, with a constant radius of
curvature, and that has a controlled mass of `radial' isocurvature
perturbations (entropy mass). We dub this `Orbital Inflation'. In this set-up
the Hubble parameter determines the behavior of both the background and the
perturbations. First, Orbital Inflation provides a playground for quasi-single
field inflation. Second, the exquisite analytical control of these models
allows us to exactly solve the phenomenology of Orbital Inflation with a small
entropy mass and a small radius of curvature, a regime not previously explored.
The predictions are single-field-like, although the consistency relations are
violated. Moreover, the value of the entropy mass dictates how the inflationary
predictions fan out in the ($n_s$, $r$) plane. Depending on the size of the
self interactions of the isocurvature perturbations, the non-Gaussianity
parameter $f_{NL}$ can range from slow-roll suppressed to $\mathcal{O}(\text{a
few})$.


  In this paper, we study two different phenomena (the Newman-Janis algorithm
and the semiclassical Hamilton-Jacobi method) to analyze the Hawking
temperature ($T_H$) for massive $4$-dimensional regular Hayward BH with spin
parameter. First of all, we compute the rotating regular Hayward black hole
solution by taking the Newman-Janis algorithmic rule. We derive the $T_H$ for
rotating regular Hayward BH with the help of surface gravity. We have also
analyzed the effects of spin parameter $a$ and free parameter $l$ on $T_H$ with
the help of graphs. Moreover, we investigate the quantum corrected Hawking
temperature ($T'_H$) for rotating regular Hayward black hole. To do so, we
utilize the Lagrangian filed equation in the background of GUP within the
concept of WKB approximation and semiclassical Hamilton-Jacobi method. The
$T'_H$ of rotating regular Hayward BH depends upon correction parameter
$\beta$, BH mass $m$, spin parameter $a$, free parameter $l$ and BH radius
$r_+$. We also study the graphical behavior of $T'_H$ versus event horizon
$r_+$ for rotating regular Hayward BH and check the influences of quantum
gravity parameter $\beta$, spin parameter $a$ and free parameter $l$ on the
stability of corresponding black hole. Moreover, we study the significance's of
logarithmic entropy correction for regular rotating Hayward BH.


  We investigate the laminar shedding of hairpin vortices in the wake of a
truncated square cylinder placed in a duct, for Reynolds numbers around the
critical threshold of the onset of vortex shedding. We single out the formation
mechanism of the hairpin vortices by means of a detailed analysis of the flow
patterns in the steady regime. We show that unlike in previous studies of
similar structures, the dynamics of the hairpin vortices is entwined with that
of the counter-rotating pair of streamwise vortices, which we found to be
generated in the bottom part of the near wake (these are usually referred to as
base vortices). In particular, once the hairpin structure is released, the base
vortices attach to it, forming its legs, so these are streamwise, and not
spanwise as previously observed in unconfined wakes or behind cylinders of
lower aspect ratios. We also single out a trail of Omega-shaped vortices,
generated between successive hairpin vortices through a mechanism that is
analogous to that active in near-wall turbulence. Finally, we show how the
dynamics of the structures we identified determine the evolution of the drag
coefficients and Strouhal numbers when the Reynolds number varies.


  In this paper, we present a theoretical study of the nonlinear optical
response of the newly discovered conjugated polymer poly(diphenyl)polyacetylene
(PDPA). In particular, we compute the third-order nonlinear susceptibility
corresponding to two-photon absorption process in PDPA using: (a)
independent-particle H\"uckel model, and (b) using the correlated-electron
Pariser-Parr-Pople (P-P-P) model coupled with various configuration-interaction
methodologies such as the singles-configuration-interaction (SCI), the
multi-reference-singles-doubles CI (MRSDCI), and the quadruples-CI (QCI)
method. At all levels of theory, the polymer is found to exhibit highly
anisotropic nonlinear optical response, distributed over two distinct energy
scales. The low-energy response is predominantly polarized in the conjugation
direction, and can be explained in terms of chain-based orbitals. The
high-energy response of the polymer is found to be polarized perpendicular to
the conjugation direction, and can be explained in terms of orbitals based on
the side phenylene rings. Moreover, the intensity of the nonlinear optical
response is also enhanced as compared to the corresponding polyenes, and can be
understood in terms of reduced optical gap.


  We have investigated, both analytically and numerically, accreting
supermassive black hole binaries as they inspiral due to gravitational
radiation to elucidate the decoupling of binaries from their disks and inform
future multi-messenger observations of these systems. Our numerical studies
evolve equal-mass binaries from initial separations of $100 GM/c^2$ until
merger, resolving scales as small as $\sim0.04 GM/c^2$, where $M$ is the total
binary mass. Our simulations accurately capture the point at which the orbital
evolution of each binary decouples from that of their circumbinary disk, and
precisely resolve the flow of gas throughout the inspiral. We demonstrate
analytically and numerically that timescale-based predictions overestimate the
binary separations at which decoupling occurs by factors of $\sim3$, and
illustrate the utility of a velocity-based decoupling criterion. High-viscosity
($\nu\gtrsim0.03 GM/c$) circumbinary systems decouple late ($a_b\lesssim 15
GM/c^2$) and have qualitatively similar morphologies near merger to
circumbinary systems with constant binary separations. Lower-viscosity
circumbinary disks decouple earlier and exhibit qualitatively different
accretion flows, which lead to precipitously decreasing accretion onto the
binary. If detected, such a decrease may unambiguously identify the host galaxy
of an ongoing event within a LISA error volume. We illustrate how accretion
amplitude and variability evolve as binaries gradually decouple from their
circumbinary disks, and where decoupling occurs over the course of binary
inspirals in the LISA band. We show that, even when dynamically negligible, gas
may leave a detectable imprint on the phase of gravitational waves.


  Linking neural representations to linguistic factors is crucial in order to
build and analyze NLP models interpretable by humans. Among these factors,
syntactic roles (e.g. subjects, direct objects,$\dots$) and their realizations
are essential markers since they can be understood as a decomposition of
predicative structures and thus the meaning of sentences. Starting from a deep
probabilistic generative model with attention, we measure the interaction
between latent variables and realizations of syntactic roles and show that it
is possible to obtain, without supervision, representations of sentences where
different syntactic roles correspond to clearly identified different latent
variables. The probabilistic model we propose is an Attention-Driven
Variational Autoencoder (ADVAE). Drawing inspiration from Transformer-based
machine translation models, ADVAEs enable the analysis of the interactions
between latent variables and input tokens through attention. We also develop an
evaluation protocol to measure disentanglement with regard to the realizations
of syntactic roles. This protocol is based on attention maxima for the encoder
and on latent variable perturbations for the decoder. Our experiments on raw
English text from the SNLI dataset show that $\textit{i)}$ disentanglement of
syntactic roles can be induced without supervision, $\textit{ii)}$ ADVAE
separates syntactic roles better than classical sequence VAEs and Transformer
VAEs, $\textit{iii)}$ realizations of syntactic roles can be separately
modified in sentences by mere intervention on the associated latent variables.
Our work constitutes a first step towards unsupervised controllable content
generation. The code for our work is publicly available.


  Underpinned by the IEEE 802.1 standards, Time-sensitive networking (TSN)
empowers standard Ethernet to handle stringent real-time requirements of
industrial networking. TSN and private 5G will co-exist in industrial systems;
hence, converged operation of the two is crucial to achieving end-to-end
deterministic performance. This work conducts a testbed-based evaluation of a
hybrid 5G and TSN system with over-the-air transmission of scheduled real-time
TSN traffic (based on IEEE 802.1Qbv standard). The main objective is to bring
the dynamics of hybrid 5G and TSN deployments to spotlight. The testbed
comprises off-the-shelf TSN and 5G devices and a near product-grade 5G system.
The results show the impact of 802.1Qbv parameters and 5G system capabilities
on end-to-end deterministic performance. The findings of this study have
significance for design and optimization of 3GPP-defined bridge model (black
box model) for 5G/TSN integration.


  We show that two-particle interferences can be used to probe the nuclear
motion in a doubly-excited hydrogen molecule. The dissociation of molecular
hydrogen by electron impact involves several decay channels, associated to
different molecular rotational states, which produce quantum interferences in
the detection of the atomic fragments. Thanks to the correlations between the
angular momentum and vibrational states of the molecule, the fragments arising
from each dissociation channel carry out a phase-shift which is a signature of
the molecule rotation. These phase-shifts, which cannot be observed in a
single-atom detection scheme, may be witnessed in realistic experimental
conditions in a time-of-flight coincidence measurement. We analyse the
interferences arising from the two lowest-energy rotational states of a
para-hydrogen molecule. Our result shows the relevance of two-fragments
correlations to track the molecular rotation.


  Fluctuations around an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point (QCP) are
believed to lead to unconventional superconductivity and in some cases to
high-temperature superconductivity. However, the exact mechanism by which this
occurs remains poorly understood. The iron-pnictide superconductor
BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ is perhaps the clearest example to date of a high
temperature quantum critical superconductor, and so it is a particularly
suitable system in which to study how the quantum critical fluctuations affect
the superconducting state. Here we show that the proximity of the QCP yields
unexpected anomalies in the superconducting critical fields. We find that both
the lower and upper critical fields strongly violate the expectations from the
conventional theory taking into account the observed mass enhancement near the
QCP. These anomalous behaviours of the critical fields imply that the energy of
superconducting vortices is enhanced, possibly due to a microscopic mixing of
antiferromagnetism and superconductivity, suggesting that a highly unusual
vortex state is realised in quantum critical superconductors.


  We argue that, in the presence of anomalous $U(1)$ symmetries, the invariance
of Lagrangian including the standard model (SM) under the axionic shift
symmetries requires a necessary condition $\sum_i\delta^{\rm GS}_{i}\leq2N_f$,
where $N_f$ stands for the number of families in the SM and $\delta^{\rm GS}_i$
(Green-Schwarz parameter) characterizes the coupling of the anomalous $U(1)$
gauge boson to the corresponding axion. In turn, we show that in order for the
usual $B+L$ violating sphaleron process to be valid a necessary condition
$\sum_i\delta^{\rm GS}_{i}<2N_f$ is required, where $B(L)$ stands for the
baryon(lepton) number.


  We propose a generic framework based on a new stochastic variance-reduced
gradient descent algorithm for accelerating nonconvex low-rank matrix recovery.
Starting from an appropriate initial estimator, our proposed algorithm performs
projected gradient descent based on a novel semi-stochastic gradient
specifically designed for low-rank matrix recovery. Based upon the mild
restricted strong convexity and smoothness conditions, we derive a projected
notion of the restricted Lipschitz continuous gradient property, and prove that
our algorithm enjoys linear convergence rate to the unknown low-rank matrix
with an improved computational complexity. Moreover, our algorithm can be
employed to both noiseless and noisy observations, where the optimal sample
complexity and the minimax optimal statistical rate can be attained
respectively. We further illustrate the superiority of our generic framework
through several specific examples, both theoretically and experimentally.


  We report the lattice dynamics of transition metal thin films by using the
ultrafast electron diffraction. We observe a suppression of the diffraction
intensity in a few picosecond after the photoexcitation, which is directly
interpreted as the lattice heating via the electron-phonon interaction. The
electron-phonon coupling constants for Au, Cu and Mo are quantitatively
evaluated by employing the two-temperature model, which are consistent with
those obtained by optical pump-probe methods. The variation in the lattice
dynamics of the transition metals are systematically explained by the strength
of the electron-phonon coupling, arising from the elemental dependence of the
electronic structure and atomic mass.


  We study an interface between a Kitaev spin liquid (KSL) in the chiral phase
and a non-chiral superconductor. When the coupling across the interface is
sufficiently strong, the interface undergoes a transition into a phase
characterized by a condensation of a bound state of a Bogoliubov quasiparticle
in the superconductor and an emergent fermionic excitation in the spin liquid.
In the condensed phase, electrons in the superconductor can coherently convert
into emergent fermions in the spin liquid and vice versa. As a result, the
chiral Majorana edge mode of the spin liquid becomes visible in the electronic
local density of states at the interface, which can be measured in scanning
tunneling spectroscopy experiments. We demonstrate the existence of this phase
transition, and the non-local order parameter that characterizes it, using
density matrix renormalization group simulations of a KSL strip coupled at its
edge to a superconductor. An analogous phase transition can occur in a simpler
system composed of a one-dimensional spin chain with a spin-flip $\mathbb{Z}_2$
symmetry coupled to a superconductor.


  We propose a mechanism for hiding the primordial baryon asymmetry from
interactions that could wash it out. It requires the introduction of a baryon
number carrying singlet which is in equilibrium in the early universe and
shares any existing baryon asymmetry. It decouples from the Standard Model
particles before all the interactions required to wash out the asymmetry are in
equilibrium ($T \simeq 10$ TeV), and decays after the electroweak phase
transition, but before nucleosynthesis. This mechanism can conserve a baryon
asymmetry in models (a) with $B-L = 0$, such as many $SU(5)$ GUTs, or (b) with
$B-L$ violating interactions in thermal equilibrium, such as SUSY with broken
$R$-parity. As a result, cosmological constraints on $R$-parity violating
operators are relaxed considerably.


  We study Haldane's honeycomb lattice model and a bilayer generalization
thereof from the perspective of edge states, entanglement spectra, and Wannier
function behavior. For the monolayer model, we obtain the zigzag edge states
analytically, and identify the edge state crossing point $k_c$ with where the
$f = 1/2$ entanglement occupancy and the half-odd-integer Wannier centers
occur. A continuous interpolation between the entanglement states and the
Wannier states is introduced. We then construct a bilayer model by Bernal
stacking two monolayers coupled by interlayer hopping. We analyze a particular
limit of this model where an extended symmetry, related to inversion, is
present. The band topology then reveals a break-down of the correspondence
between edge and entanglement spectrum, which is analyzed in detail, and
compared with the inversion-symmetric Z2 topological insulators which show a
similar phenomenon.


  Conditional quantiles provide a natural tool for reporting results from
regression analyses based on semiparametric transformation models. We consider
their estimation and construction of confidence sets in the presence of
censoring.


  Non-parametric reconstruction or marginalization over the history of
reionization using cosmic microwave background data necessarily assumes a prior
over possible histories. We show that different but reasonable choices of
priors can shift current and future constraints on the reionization optical
depth, $\tau$, or correlated parameters such as the neutrino mass sum, $\Sigma
m_\nu$, at the level of 0.3-0.4$\sigma$, i.e., that this analysis is somewhat
prior dependent. We point out some prior-related problems with the commonly
used principal component reconstruction, concluding that the significance of
some recent hints of early reionization in Planck 2015 data has been
overestimated. We also present the first non-parametric reconstruction applied
to newer Planck intermediate (2016) data and find that the hints of early
reionization disappear entirely in this more precise dataset. These results
limit possible explanations of the EDGES 21cm signal which would have also
significantly reionized the universe at $z\,{>}\,15$. Our findings about the
dependence on priors motivate the pursuit of improved data or searches for
physical reionization models which can reduce the prior volume. The discussion
here of priors is of general applicability to other non-parametric
reconstructions, for example of the primordial power spectrum, of the
recombination history, or of the expansion rate.


  Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spin pumping is a rapidly growing field which
has demonstrated promising results in a variety of material systems. This
technique utilizes the resonant precession of magnetization in a ferromagnet to
inject spin into an adjacent non-magnetic material. Spin pumping into graphene
is attractive on account of its exceptional spin transport properties. This
article reports on FMR characterization of cobalt grown on CVD graphene and
examines the validity of linewidth broadening as an indicator of spin pumping.
In comparison to cobalt samples without graphene, direct contact
cobalt-on-graphene exhibits increased FMR linewidth--an often used signature of
spin pumping. Similar results are obtained in Co/MgO/graphene structures, where
a 1nm MgO layer acts as a tunnel barrier. However, SQUID, MFM, and Kerr
microscopy measurements demonstrate increased magnetic disorder in cobalt grown
on graphene, perhaps due to changes in the growth process and an increase in
defects. This magnetic disorder may account for the observed linewidth
enhancement due to effects such as two-magnon scattering or mosaicity. As such,
it is not possible to conclude successful spin injection into graphene from FMR
linewidth measurements alone.


  The BeEST experiment is a precision laboratory search for physics beyond the
standard model that measures the electron capture decay of $^7$Be implanted
into superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detectors. For Phase-III of the
experiment, we constructed a continuously sampling data acquisition system to
extract pulse shape and timing information from 16 STJ pixels offline. Four
additional pixels are read out with a fast list-mode digitizer, and one with a
nuclear MCA already used in the earlier limit-setting phases of the experiment.
We present the performance of the data acquisition system and discuss the
relative advantages of the different digitizers.


  We detail the the REACH radiometric system designed to enable measurements of
the 21-cm neutral hydrogen line. Included is the radiometer architecture and
end-to-end system simulations as well as a discussion of the challenges
intrinsic to highly-calibratable system development. Following this, we share
laboratory results based on the calculation of noise wave parameters utilising
an over-constrained least squares approach demonstrating a calibration RMSE of
80 mK for five hours of integration on a custom-made source with comparable
impedance to that of the antenna used in the field. This paper therefore
documents the state of the calibrator and data analysis in December 2022 in
Cambridge before shipping to South Africa.


  We study the optimization of navigational graph queries, i.e., queries which
combine recursive and pattern-matching fragments. Current approaches to their
evaluation are not effective in practice. Towards addressing this, we present a
number of novel powerful optimization techniques which aim to constrain the
intermediate results during query evaluation. We show how these techniques can
be planned effectively and executed efficiently towards the first practical
evaluation solution for complex navigational queries on real-world workloads.
Indeed, our experimental results show several orders of magnitude improvement
in query evaluation performance over state-of-the-art techniques on a wide
range of queries on diverse datasets.


  We embed compact $C^\infty$ manifolds into $\mathbb C^n$ as totally real
manifolds with prescribed polynomial hulls. As a consequence we show that any
compact $C^\infty$ manifold of dimension $d$ admits a totally real embedding
into $\mathbb C^{\lfloor \frac{3d}{2}\rfloor}$ with non-trivial polynomial hull
without complex structure.


  We report on our result of third order Coulomb correction to the cross
section sigma(ee -> ttbar) near threshold. Analytic expression for the Coulomb
energy and wave function at the origin are obtained. We discuss the
significance of the Coulomb correction to the threshold cross section and heavy
quarkonium phenomenology.


  In this paper, one presents some results concerning the behavior of the total
cross section and $\rho$-parameter at asymptotic energies in proton-proton
($pp$) and antiproton-proton ($\bar{p}p$) collisions. For this intent, we
consider three of the main theoretical results in high energy physics: the
crossing property, the derivative dispersion relation, and the optical theorem.
The use of such machinery allows the analytic formulas for wide set of the
measured global scattering parameters and some important relations between
them. The suggested parameterizations approximate simultaneously the energy
dependence for total cross section and $\rho$-parameter for $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$
with statistically acceptable quality in multi-TeV region. Also the qualitative
description is obtained for important interrelations, namely difference, sum
and ratio of the antiparticle-particle and particle-particle total cross
sections. Despite the reduced number of experimental data for the total cross
section and $\rho$-parameter in TeV-scale, which turns any prediction for the
beginning of the asymptotic domain a hard task, the fitting procedures
indicates that asymptotia lies in the energy range 25.5-130 TeV. Moreover, in
the asymptotic regime, one obtains $\alpha_{\mathbb{P}}=1$. Detailed
quantitative study of energy behavior of measured scattering parameters and
their combinations in ultra-high energy domain indicates that the scenario with
the generalized formulation of the Pomeranchuk theorem is more favorable with
respect to the original formulation of this theorem.


  We present a strategic analysis of a trust model that has recently been
proposed for promoting cooperative behaviour in user-centric networks. The
mechanism for cooperation is based on a combination of reputation and virtual
currency schemes in which service providers reward paying customers and punish
non-paying ones by adjusting their reputation, and hence the price they pay for
services. We model and analyse this system using PRISM-games, a tool that
performs automated verification and strategy synthesis for stochastic
multi-player games using the probabilistic alternating-time temporal logic with
rewards (rPATL). We construct optimal strategies for both service users and
providers, which expose potential risks of the cooperation mechanism and which
we use to devise improvements that counteract these risks.


  Adaptive importance sampling (AIS) uses past samples to update the
\textit{sampling policy} $q_t$ at each stage $t$. Each stage $t$ is formed with
two steps : (i) to explore the space with $n_t$ points according to $q_t$ and
(ii) to exploit the current amount of information to update the sampling
policy. The very fundamental question raised in this paper concerns the
behavior of empirical sums based on AIS. Without making any assumption on the
allocation policy $n_t$, the theory developed involves no restriction on the
split of computational resources between the explore (i) and the exploit (ii)
step. It is shown that AIS is asymptotically optimal : the asymptotic behavior
of AIS is the same as some "oracle" strategy that knows the targeted sampling
policy from the beginning. From a practical perspective, weighted AIS is
introduced, a new method that allows to forget poor samples from early stages.


  We scrutinize the anomalies in diffusion observed in an extended long-range
system of classical rotors, the HMF model. Under suitable preparation, the
system falls into long-lived quasi-stationary states presenting super-diffusion
of rotor phases. We investigate the diffusive motion of phases by monitoring
the evolution of their probability density function for large system sizes.
These densities are shown to be of the $q$-Gaussian form, $P(x)\propto
(1+(q-1)[x/\beta]^2)^{1/(1-q)}$, with parameter $q$ increasing with time before
reaching a steady value $q\simeq 3/2$. From this perspective, we also discuss
the relaxation to equilibrium and show that diffusive motion in
quasi-stationary trajectories strongly depends on system size.


  Using a combination of observations involving the VLA, MERLIN and global VLBI
networks we have made a detailed study of the radio continuum and the neutral
hydrogen (HI) kinematics and distribution within the central kiloparsec of the
radio galaxy 3C293. These observations trace the complex jet structure and
identify the position of the steeply inverted radio core at 1.3GHz.
  Strong HI absorption is detected against the majority of the inner kiloparsec
of 3C293. This absorption is separated into two dynamically different and
spatially resolved systems. Against the eastern part of the inner radio jet
narrow HI absorption is detected and shown to have higher optical depths in
areas co-spatial with a central dust lane. Against the western jet emission and
core component, broad and complex HI absorption is detected. This broad and
complex absorption structure is discussed in terms of two possible
interpretations for the gas kinematics observed: that the gas is situated in
two gas layers or that it is in a sub-kiloparsec disk rotating about the core.
(Abridged)


  The frequently discovered flooding structure on Mars and other planets has
long been an intriguing mystery remained un-disclosed so far. Considering that
on Earth, quite a few low melting point liquid metals or their alloy can be
candidates of fluid like matters, we proposed here that there might also exists
certain liquid metal instead of water or methane alone on Mars or the like
planets. Compared with water, such liquid metal would be much easier to stay at
the Mars surface because of its low melting point however extremely high
evaporation point. Along this theoretical route, quite a few observations on
the fluid like matters in former space explorations can be well interpreted.
Such hypothesis for the existence of liquid metal on Mars surface does not mean
refuting the possibility of water on Mars. This new point would be helpful for
planning further exploration of Mars in a sense according to the characters of
liquid metal. It at least identifies one more target fluid towards either
finding or denying life at outer space. Whether the planet could harbor life in
some form or it reaffirms Mars as an important future destination for human
exploration still needs serious but not just enthusiasm explorations.


  In this article, we introduce an important class of surfaces, namely,
quadrics in the Euclidean 3-space $\mathbb{E}^{3}$. We prove that planes,
spheres and circular cylinders are the only quadric surfaces whose Gauss map
$\boldsymbol{G}$ satisfies a relation of the form $\Delta^{I}\boldsymbol{G}= M
\boldsymbol{G}$, where $M$ is a square matrix of order 3 and $\Delta^{I}$ is
the Laplace-Beltrami operator corresponding to the first fundamental form $I$
of the surface.


  We analyze an algorithmic question about immersion theory: for which $m$,
$n$, and $CAT=\mathbf{Diff}$ or $\mathbf{PL}$ is the question of whether an
$m$-dimensional $CAT$-manifold is immersible in $\mathbb{R}^n$ decidable? As a
corollary, we show that the smooth embeddability of an $m$-manifold with
boundary in $\mathbb{R}^n$ is undecidable when $n-m$ is even and $11m \geq
10n+1$.


  The unpolarised differential cross section and the two deuteron tensor
analysing powers A_{xx} and A_{yy} of the pol{d}p -> (pp)n charge-exchange
reaction have been measured with the ANKE spectrometer at the COSY storage
ring. Using deuteron beams with energies 1.2, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.27 GeV, data were
obtained for small momentum transfers to a (pp) system with low excitation
energy. The results at the three lower energies are consistent with impulse
approximation predictions based upon the current knowledge of the
neutron-proton amplitudes. However, at 2.27GeV, where these amplitudes are far
more uncertain, agreement requires a reduction in the overall double-spin-flip
contribution, with an especially significant effect in the longitudinal
direction. These conclusions are supported by measurements of the
deuteron-proton spin-correlation parameters C_{x,x} and C_{y,y} that were
carried out in the pol{d}pol{p} -> (pp)n reaction at 1.2 and 2.27GeV. The
values obtained for the proton analysing power also suggest the need for a
radical re-evaluation of the neutron-proton elastic scattering amplitudes at
the higher energy. It is therefore clear that such measurements can provide a
valuable addition to the neutron-proton database in the charge-exchange region.


  In this paper we provide a dynamical characterization of isolated invariant
continua which are global attractors for planar dissipative flows. As a
consequence, a sufficient condition for an isolated invariant continuum to be
either an attractor or a repeller is derived for general planar flows.


  In cybersecurity, attackers range from brash, unsophisticated script kiddies
and cybercriminals to stealthy, patient advanced persistent threats. When
modeling these attackers, we can observe that they demonstrate different
risk-seeking and risk-averse behaviors. This work explores how an attacker's
risk seeking or risk averse behavior affects their operations against
detection-optimizing defenders in an Internet of Things ecosystem. Using an
evaluation framework which uses real, parametrizable malware, we develop a game
that is played by a defender against attackers with a suite of malware that is
parameterized to be more aggressive and more stealthy. These results are
evaluated under a framework of exponential utility according to their
willingness to accept risk. We find that against a defender who must choose a
single strategy up front, risk-seeking attackers gain more actual utility than
risk-averse attackers, particularly in cases where the defender is better
equipped than the two attackers anticipate. Additionally, we empirically
confirm that high-risk, high-reward scenarios are more beneficial to
risk-seeking attackers like cybercriminals, while low-risk, low-reward
scenarios are more beneficial to risk-averse attackers like advanced persistent
threats.


  We study non-axisymmetric linearised gravitational perturbations of the
Emparan-Reall black ring using numerical methods. We find an unstable mode
whose onset lies within the "fat" branch of the black ring and continues into
the "thin" branch. Together with previous results using Penrose inequalities
that fat black rings are unstable, this provides numerical evidence that the
entire black ring family is unstable.


  We summarise observations and our current understanding of the interstellar
medium (ISM) in galaxies, which mainly consists of three phases: cold atomic or
molecular gas and clouds, warm neutral or ionised gas, and hot ionised gas.
These three gas phases form thermally stable states, while disturbances are
caused by gravitation and stellar feedback in form of photons and shocks in
stellar winds and supernovae. Hot plasma is mainly found in stellar bubbles,
superbubbles, and Galactic outflows/fountains and is often dynamically unstable
and is over-pressurised. In addition, in galactic nuclear regions, accretion
onto the supermassive black hole causes enhanced star formation, outflows,
additional heating, and acceleration of cosmic rays.


  We study the thermodynamic properties of a two-site coupled complex
Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model in the large $N$ limit by solving the
saddle-point Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equations. We find that its phase diagram is
richer than in the Majorana case. In the grand canonical ensemble, we identify
a region of small chemical potential, and weak coupling between the two SYKs,
for which two first order thermodynamic phase transitions occur as a function
of temperature. First, we observe a transition from a cold wormhole phase to an
intermediate phase that may correspond to a charged wormhole. For a higher
temperature, there is another first order transition to the black hole phase.
As in the Majorana case, the low temperature wormhole phase is gapped and, for
sufficiently large coupling between the two complex SYK, or chemical potential,
the first order transitions become crossovers. The total charge is good
indicator to study the phase diagram of the model: it is zero in the cold
wormhole phase and jumps discontinuously at the temperatures at which the
transitions take place. Based on the approximate conformal symmetry of the
ground state, expected to be close to a thermofield double state, we identify
the effective low energy action of the model. It is a generalized Schwarzian
action with $SL(2,R)\times U(1)$ symmetry with an additional potential and a
extra degree of freedom related to the charge. In the large $N$ limit, results
from this low energy action are consistent with those from the solution of the
SD equations. Our findings are a preliminary step towards the characterization
of traversable wormholes by its field theory dual, a strongly interacting
fermionic system with charger, that is easier to model experimentally.


  We investigate the dependence of band dispersion of the quantum spin Hall
effect (QSHE) edge states in the Kane-Mele model on crystallographic
orientation of the edges. Band structures of the one-dimensional honeycomb
lattice ribbons show the presence of the QSHE edge states at all orientations
of the edges given sufficiently strong spin-orbit interactions. We find that
the Fermi velocities of the QSHE edge-state bands increase monotonically when
the edge orientation changes from zigzag (chirality angle $\theta = 0^\circ$)
to armchair ($\theta = 30^\circ$). We propose a simple analytical model to
explain the numerical results.


  Spraying is a widely used method to produce a liquid sheet that break up into
droplets of a certain size distribution. When spraying simple liquids, it is
known which experimental parameters determine the droplet size distribution.
For many applications however, surfactants are added, producing a hitherto
unknown effect on the droplet size distribution. Using two generic types of
spraying nozzles, we sprayed solutions of different types of aqueous
surfactants and measured the droplet size distribution of the sprays. We find
that the breakup of surfactant solutions is similar to that of pure water but
results in droplets that are on average smaller. The resulting droplet size
distribution can be well described using the predictions for simple liquids
provided that we replace the parameter of the equilibrium surface tension with
the dynamic surface tension of the surfactant solution at a surface age of 20
ms, which is the characteristic time for destabilization and breakup of a
liquid sheet. By rescaling them with the mean droplet size, the droplet size
distributions of water and sprays with different concentrations of surfactants
all collapse onto a single curve and can be well described using the compound
Gamma function found previously for pure liquids.


  For many applications, analyzing the uncertainty of a machine learning model
is indispensable. While research of uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques
is very advanced for computer vision applications, UQ methods for
spatio-temporal data are less studied. In this paper, we focus on models for
online handwriting recognition, one particular type of spatio-temporal data.
The data is observed from a sensor-enhanced pen with the goal to classify
written characters. We conduct a broad evaluation of aleatoric (data) and
epistemic (model) UQ based on two prominent techniques for Bayesian inference,
Stochastic Weight Averaging-Gaussian (SWAG) and Deep Ensembles. Next to a
better understanding of the model, UQ techniques can detect out-of-distribution
data and domain shifts when combining right-handed and left-handed writers (an
underrepresented group).


  We present the first results from the deep and wide 5 GHz radio observations
of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)-North ($\sigma=3.5 \;
\mu Jy \; beam^{-1}$, synthesized beam size $\theta =$ 1.47 arcsec $\times$
1.42 arcsec, and 52 sources over 109 arcmin$^{2}$) and GOODS-South ($\sigma=3.0
\; \mu Jy \; beam^{-1}$, $\theta=$0.98 arcsec $\times$ 0.45 arcsec, and 88
sources over 190 arcmin$^{2}$) fields using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large
Array. We derive radio spectral indices {\alpha} between 1.4 and 5 GHz using
the beam-matched images and show that the overall spectral index distribution
is broad even when the measured noise and flux bias are considered. We also
find a clustering of faint radio sources around $\alpha=0.8$, but only within
$S_{5GHz} < 150 \; \mu Jy$. We demonstrate that the correct radio spectral
index is important for deriving accurate rest frame radio power and analyzing
the radio-FIR correlation, and adopting a single value of $\alpha=0.8$ leads to
a significant scatter and a strong bias in the analysis of the radio-FIR
correlation, resulting from the broad and asymmetric spectral index
distribution. When characterized by specific star formation rates, the
starburst population (58%) dominates the 5 GHz radio source population, and the
quiescent galaxy population (30%) follows a distinct trend in spectral index
distribution and the radio-FIR correlation. Lastly, we offer suggestions on
sensitivity and angular resolution for future ultra-deep surveys designed to
trace the cosmic history of star formation and AGN activity using radio
continuum as a probe.


  QCD predictions on the low-$x$ behaviour of the structure functions are
reviewed and compared with the recent measurements of $F_2(x,Q^2)$ at HERA. The
present theoretical accuracy of these predictions is discussed.


  The synthesis and crystallography, magnetic susceptibility chi, magnetization
M, specific heat Cp, in-plane electrical resistivity rho and in-plane magnetic
penetration depth measurements are reported for single crystals of APd2As2 (A =
Ca, Sr, Ba) versus temperature T and magnetic field H. The crystals were grown
using PdAs self-flux. CaPd2As2 and SrPd2As2 crystallize in a collapsed
body-centered tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure (I4/mmm), whereas BaPd2As2
crystallizes in the primitive tetragonal CeMg2Si2-type structure (P4/mmm), in
agreement with literature data. The rho(T) data exhibit metallic behavior for
all three compounds. Bulk superconductivity is reported for CaPd2As2 and
SrPd2As2 below Tc = 1.27 and 0.92 K, respectively, whereas only a trace of
superconductivity is found in BaPd2As2. No other phase transitions were
observed. The chi(T) and M(H) data reveal anisotropic diamagnetism in the
normal state, with chi_c > chi_ab for CaPd2As2 and BaPd2As2, and chi_c < chi_ab
for SrPd2As2. The normal and superconducting state data indicate that CaPd2As2
and SrPd2As2 are conventional type-II nodeless s-wave electron-phonon
superconductors. The electronic superconducting-state heat capacity data for
CaPd2As2, which has an extremely sharp heat capacity jump at Tc, are analyzed
using our recent elaboration of the alpha-model of the BCS theory of
superconductivity, which indicates that the s-wave gap in this compound is
anisotropic in momentum space.


  A.N. Kolmogorov proposed several problems on stochastic processes, which has
been rarely addressed later on. One of the open problems are stochastic
processes with discontinuous covariance function. For example, semicontinuous
covariance functions have been used in regression and kriging by many authors
in statistics recently. In this paper we introduce purely topologically defined
regularity conditions on covariance kernels which are still applicable for
increasing and infill domain asymptotics for regression problems, kriging and
finance. These conditions are related to semicontinuous maps of Ornstein
Uhlenbeck (OU) processes. Beside this new regularity conditions relax the
continuity of covariance function by consideration of semicontinuous
covariance. We provide several novel applications of the introduced class for
optimal design of random fields, random walks in finance and probabilities of
ruins related to shocks, e.g. by earthquakes. In particular we construct a
random walk model with semicontinuous covariance.


  Research on children's online experience and computer interaction often
overlooks the relationship children have with hidden algorithms that control
the content they encounter. Furthermore, it is not only about how children
interact with targeted content but also how their development and agency are
largely affected by these. By engaging with the body of literature at the
intersection of i) human-centered design approaches, ii) exclusion and
discrimination in A.I., iii) privacy, transparency, and accountability, and iv)
children's online citizenship, this article dives into the question of "How can
we approach the design of a child-centered moderation process to (1) include
aspects that families value for their children and (2) provide explanations for
content appropriateness and removal so that we can scale (according to systems
and human needs) the moderation process assisted by A.I.?".
  This article contributes a sociotechnical highlight of core challenges and
opportunities of designing child-centered content control tools. The article
concludes by grounding and characterizing design considerations for a
child-centered, family-guided moderation system. We hope this work serves as a
stepping stone for designers and researchers pursuing children's safety online
with an eye on hidden agents controlling children's online experiences and, by
extension, the values and opportunities children are exposed to.


  In this paper, we investigate some fixed-point properties of the Mordukhovich
differential operator of set valued mappings (or, single valued mappings) on
Banach spaces. In particular, we study the fixed-point properties of the
Mordukhovich differential operator for the metric projection operator onto some
closed and convex subsets in Banach spaces, such as, closed balls in Banach
spaces, positive cones in real spaces l2 and l1 and sets of polynomials in C[0,
1].


  Chandrasekhar's most important contribution to stellar dynamics was the
concept of dynamical friction. I briefly review that work, then discuss some
implications of Chandrasekhar's theory of gravitational encounters for motion
in galactic nuclei.


  This study introduces 'clickbait spoiling', a novel technique designed to
detect, categorize, and generate spoilers as succinct text responses,
countering the curiosity induced by clickbait content. By leveraging a
multi-task learning framework, our model's generalization capabilities are
significantly enhanced, effectively addressing the pervasive issue of
clickbait. The crux of our research lies in generating appropriate spoilers, be
it a phrase, an extended passage, or multiple, depending on the spoiler type
required. Our methodology integrates two crucial techniques: a refined spoiler
categorization method and a modified version of the Question Answering (QA)
mechanism, incorporated within a multi-task learning paradigm for optimized
spoiler extraction from context. Notably, we have included fine-tuning methods
for models capable of handling longer sequences to accommodate the generation
of extended spoilers. This research highlights the potential of sophisticated
text processing techniques in tackling the omnipresent issue of clickbait,
promising an enhanced user experience in the digital realm.


  This paper presents a vehicle lateral controller based on spiking neural
networks capable of replicating the behavior of a model-based controller but
with the additional ability to perform online adaptation. By making use of
neural plasticity and thanks to reward modulation learning, neural connections
are modified to adjust the response according to the committed error.
Therefore, the error performs a similar role to dopamine in a biological
system, modulating the learning process based on spiking time dependency. The
connections are initially set to replicate behavior of the model-based
controller. Online adaptation allows tuning connection parameters to improve
controller performance. A path controller with a preview is used as a baseline
controller to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. Key
performance indicators are obtained from simulation with a step response and a
handling track with 20 curves of different radii.


  The CP properties of Higgs bosons can be probed through their s-channel
resonance productions via photon-photon collisions by use of circularly and/or
linearly polarized backscattered laser photons at a TeV-scale linear e^+ e^-
collider. Exploiting this powerful tool, we investigate in detail the Higgs
sector of the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model with explicit CP violation.


  Although indirect evidence for the presence of magnetic fields in high-mass
stars is regularly reported in the literature, the detection of these fields
remains an extremely challenging observational problem. We review the recent
discoveries of magnetic fields in different types of massive stars and briefly
discuss strategies for spectropolarimetric observations to be carried out in
the future.


  We investigate the possible classification of zero-temperature spin-gapped
phases of multicomponent electronic systems in one spatial dimension. At the
heart of our analysis is the existence of non-perturbative duality symmetries
which emerge within a low-energy description. These dualities fall into a
finite number of classes that can be listed and depend only on the algebraic
properties of the symmetries of the system: its physical symmetry group and the
maximal continuous symmetry group of the interaction. We further characterize
possible competing orders associated to the dualities and discuss the nature of
the quantum phase transitions between them. Finally, as an illustration, the
duality approach is applied to the description of the phases of two-leg
electronic ladders for incommensurate filling.


  The Galton--Watson process is the simplest example of a branching process.
The relationship between the offspring distribution, and, when the extinction
occurs almost surely, the distribution of the total progeny is well known. In
this paper, we illustrate the relationship between these two distributions when
we consider the large deviation rate function (provided by Cram\'{e}r's
theorem) for empirical means of i.i.d. random variables. We also consider the
case with a random initial population. In the final part, we present large
deviation results for sequences of estimators of the offspring mean based on
i.i.d. replications of total progeny.


  I review several methods for determining the CKM phases $\alpha \equiv
\phi_2$ and $\gamma \equiv \phi_3$ through CP asymmetry measurements in
hadronic B decays. The current status of these measurements and the near future
feasibility of the methods are discussed.


  We present a full algebraic derivation of the wavefunctions of the simple
harmonic oscillator in coordinate and momentum space. This derivation
illustrates the abstract approach to the simple harmonic oscillator by
completing the derivation of the representation-dependent wavefunctions from
the representation-independent energy eigenfunctions. It is simple to
incorporate into the undergraduate and graduate curricula. This new derivation
begins with the standard approach that was first presented by Dirac in 1947
(and is modified slightly here in the spirit of the Schroedinger factorization
method), and then supplements it by employing the translation (or boost)
operator to determine the wavefunctions algebraically, without any derivatives.
In addition, we provide a summary of the history of this approach, which seems
to have been neglected by most historians of quantum mechanics, until now.


  We define an odometer in the Baire space. That is the non-compact space of
one sided sequences of natural numbers. We go on to prove that it is
topologically conjugated to the dyadic odometer restricted to an appropriate
non-compact subset of the space of one sided sequences on two symbols. We
extend the action of the odometer to finite words. It turns out that, arranging
the finite words in appropriate binary tree, this extension runs through the
tree from left-right and top-down. Several well known binary trees made out of
rational numbers, such as the Kepler tree or the Calkin and Wilf tree, are
recovered in this way. Indeed, it suffices to identify finite words with
rational numbers by means of certain continued fractions. The odometric action
allow us to recover, in a unified way, several counting results for the
rational numbers. Moreover, associated to certain interval maps with countably
many branches we construct their corresponding odometers. Explicit formulas are
provided in the cases of the Gauss map (continued fractions) and the Renyi map
(backward continued fractions).


  We propose an efficient faithful polarization-state transmission scheme by
utilizing frequency degree of freedom besides polarization and an additional
qubit prepared in a fixed polarization. An arbitrary single-photon polarization
state is protected against the collective noise probabilistically. With the
help of frequency beam splitter and frequency shifter, the success probability
of our faithful qubit transmission scheme with frequency degree of freedom can
be 1/2 in principle.


  We present results on entropy and heat-capacity of the spin-S
honeycomb-lattice Kitaev models using high-temperature series expansions and
thermal pure quantum (TPQ) state methods. We study models with anisotropic
couplings $J_z=1\ge J_x=J_y$ for spin values 1/2, 1, 3/2, and 2. We show that
for $S>1/2$, any anisotropy leads to well developed plateaus in the entropy
function at an entropy value of $\frac{1}{2}\ln{2}$, independent of $S$.
However, in the absence of anisotropy, there is an incipient entropy plateau at
$S_{max}/2$, where $S_{max}$ is the infinite temperature entropy of the system.
We discuss possible underlying microscopic reasons for the origin and
implications of these entropy plateaus.