  A model of photoemission spectra of actinide compounds is presented. The
complete multiplet spectrum of a single ion is calculated by exact
diagonalization of the two-body Hamiltonian of the f^n shell. A coupling to
auxiliary fermion states models the interaction with a conduction sea. The
ensuing self-energy function is combined with a band Hamiltonian of the
compound, calculated in the local-density approximation, to produce a solid
state Green's function. The theory is applied to PuSe and elemental Am. For
PuSe a sharp resonance at the Fermi level arises from mixed valent behavior,
while several features at larger binding energies can be identified with
quantum numbers of the atomic system. For Am the ground state is dominated by
the |f^6;J=0> singlet but the strong coupling to the conduction electrons mixes
in a significant amount of f^7 character.


  We use the law of addition in random matrix theory to analyze the spectral
distributions of a variety of chiral random matrix models as inspired from QCD
whether through symmetries or models. In terms of the Blue's functions recently
discussed by Zee, we show that most of the spectral distributions in the
macroscopic limit and the quenched approximation, follow algebraically from the
discontinuity of a pertinent solution to a cubic (Cardano) or a quartic
(Ferrari) equation. We use the end-point equation of the energy spectra in
chiral random matrix models to argue for novel phase structures, in which the
Dirac density of states plays the role of an order parameter.


  As 3D scanning devices and depth sensors mature, point clouds have attracted
increasing attention as a format for 3D object representation, with
applications in various fields such as tele-presence, navigation and heritage
reconstruction. However, point clouds usually exhibit holes of missing data,
mainly due to the limitation of acquisition techniques and complicated
structure. Further, point clouds are defined on irregular non-Euclidean
domains, which is challenging to address especially with conventional signal
processing tools. Hence, leveraging on recent advances in graph signal
processing, we propose an efficient point cloud inpainting method, exploiting
both the local smoothness and the non-local self-similarity in point clouds.
Specifically, we first propose a frequency interpretation in graph nodal
domain, based on which we introduce the local graph-signal smoothness prior in
order to describe the local smoothness of point clouds. Secondly, we explore
the characteristics of non-local self-similarity, by globally searching for the
most similar area to the missing region. The similarity metric between two
areas is defined based on the direct component and the anisotropic graph total
variation of normals in each area. Finally, we formulate the hole-filling step
as an optimization problem based on the selected most similar area and
regularized by the graph-signal smoothness prior. Besides, we propose
voxelization and automatic hole detection methods for the point cloud prior to
inpainting. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms
four competing methods significantly, both in objective and subjective quality.


  Based upon standard angular momentum theory, we develop a framework to
investigate polarization squeezing and multipartite entanglement of a quantum
light field. Both mean polarization and variances of the Stokes parameters are
obtained analytically, with which we study recent observation of triphoton
states [L. K. Shalm {\it et al}, Nature \textbf{457}, 67 (2009)]. Our results
show that the appearance of maximally entangled NOON states accompanies with a
flip of mean polarization and can be well understood in terms of quantum Fisher
information.


  Classical disease models use a mass action term as the interaction between
infected and susceptible people in separate patches. We derive the equations
when this interaction is a migration of people between patches. The results
model what happens when a new population is moved into a region with endemic
disease.


  An approach to deep inelastic scattering is described in which the matrix
elements arising from the operator product expansion are factorised into
composite operator propagators and proper vertex functions. In the case of
polarised $\m p$ scattering, the composite operator propagator is identified
with the square root of the QCD topological susceptibility
$\sqrt{\chi^{\prime}(0)}$, while the corresponding proper vertex is a
renormalisation group invariant. We estimate $\chi^{\prime}(0)$ using QCD
spectral sum rules and find that it is significantly suppressed relative to the
OZI expectation. Assuming OZI is a good approximation for the proper vertex,
our predictions, $\int_{0}^{1}dx g_1^p (x;Q^2=10\GV^2)= 0.143 \pm 0.005$ and
$G^{(0)}_A \equiv \Delta \Sigma = 0.353 \pm 0.052$, are in excellent agreement
with the new SMC data. This result, together with one confirming the validity
of the OZI rule in the $\hp$ radiative decay, supports our earlier conjecture
that the suppression in the flavour singlet component of the first moment of
$g_1^p$ observed by the EMC-SMC collaboration is a target-independent feature
of QCD related to the $U(1)$ anomaly and is not a property of the proton
structure. As a corollary, we extract the magnitude of higher twist effects
from the neutron and Bjorken sum rules.


  We review the recent results in the physics of the magnetic monopoles in
gluodynamics and a dual formulation of non-Abelian theories, relevant to the
physics of the confinement. It occurs that the dual gluon is a U(1) gauge
boson, despite of the fact that usual gluons are non-Abelian. The effective
infrared Lagrangian for gluodynamics is suggested which leads to the Casimir
scaling of the string tension for quarks in various representations. We also
show that the results of the calculations in lattice gauge theories confirm our
theoretical predictions.


  For a connected graph G=(V,E), a subset U of V is called a disconnected cut
if U disconnects the graph and the subgraph induced by U is disconnected as
well. We show that the problem to test whether a graph has a disconnected cut
is NP-complete. This problem is polynomially equivalent to the following
problems: testing if a graph has a 2K2-partition, testing if a graph allows a
vertex-surjective homomorphism to the reflexive 4-cycle and testing if a graph
has a spanning subgraph that consists of at most two bicliques. Hence, as an
immediate consequence, these three decision problems are NP-complete as well.
This settles an open problem frequently posed in each of the four settings.


  In this paper we present a regression based model for day-ahead electricity
spot prices. We estimate the considered linear regression model by the lasso
estimation method. The lasso approach allows for many possible parameters in
the model, but also shrinks and sparsifies the parameters automatically to
avoid overfitting. Thus, it is able to capture the autoregressive intraday
dependency structure of the electricity price well. We discuss in detail the
estimation results which provide insights to the intraday behavior of
electricity prices. We perform an out-of-sample forecasting study for several
European electricity markets. The results illustrate well that the efficient
lasso based estimation technique can exhibit advantages from two popular model
approaches.


  Learning a shared dialog structure from a set of task-oriented dialogs is an
important challenge in computational linguistics. The learned dialog structure
can shed light on how to analyze human dialogs, and more importantly contribute
to the design and evaluation of dialog systems. We propose to extract dialog
structures using a modified VRNN model with discrete latent vectors. Different
from existing HMM-based models, our model is based on variational-autoencoder
(VAE). Such model is able to capture more dynamics in dialogs beyond the
surface forms of the language. We find that qualitatively, our method extracts
meaningful dialog structure, and quantitatively, outperforms previous models on
the ability to predict unseen data. We further evaluate the model's
effectiveness in a downstream task, the dialog system building task.
Experiments show that, by integrating the learned dialog structure into the
reward function design, the model converges faster and to a better outcome in a
reinforcement learning setting.


  Deep neural networks have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance for
feature-based image matching through the advent of new large and diverse
datasets. However, there has been little work on evaluating the computational
cost, model size, and matching accuracy tradeoffs for these models. This paper
explicitly addresses these practical metrics by considering the
state-of-the-art HardNet model. We observe a significant redundancy in the
learned weights, which we exploit through the use of depthwise separable layers
and an efficient Tucker decomposition. We demonstrate that a combination of
these methods is very effective, but still sacrifices the top-end accuracy. To
resolve this, we propose the Convolution-Depthwise-Pointwise(CDP) layer, which
provides a means of interpolating between the standard and depthwise separable
convolutions. With this proposed layer, we can achieve an 8 times reduction in
the number of parameters on the HardNet model, 13 times reduction in the
computational complexity, while sacrificing less than 1% on the overall
accuracy across theHPatchesbenchmarks. To further demonstrate the
generalisation of this approach, we apply it to the state-of-the-art SuperPoint
model, where we can significantly reduce the number of parameters and
floating-point operations, with minimal degradation in the matching accuracy.


  Self-assembly and dynamical properties of Janus nanoparticles have been
studied by molecular dynamic simulations. The nanoparticles are modeled as
dimers and they are confined between two flat parallel plates to simulate a
thin film. One monomer from the dumbbells interacts by a standard Lennard Jones
potential and the other by a two-length scales shoulder potential, typically
used for anomalous fluids. Here, we study the effects of remove the Brownian
effects, typical from colloidal systems immersed in aqueous solution, and
consider a molecular system, without the drag force and the random collisions
from the Brownian motion. Self-assembly and diffusion anomaly are preserved in
relation to the Brownian system. Additionally, a superdiffusive regime
associated to a collective reorientation in a highly structured phase is
observed. Diffusion anomaly and anomalous diffusion are explained in the two
length scale framework.


  Topological effects continue to fascinate physicists since more than three
decades. One of their main applications are high-precision measurements of the
resistivity. We propose to make also use of the spatially separated edge
states. It is possible to realize strongly direction-dependent group
velocities. They can also be tuned over orders of magnitude so that robust
delay lines and interference devices are within reach.


  In this paper,we construct some directed strongly regular Cayley graphs on
dihedral groups,these generalizes some earlier constructions.We also
characterize some certain directed strongly regular Cayley graphs on dihedral
groups $D_{p^\alpha}$,where $p$ is a prime and $\alpha\geqslant 1$ is a
positive integer.


  This paper explores numerical methods for solving a convex differentiable
semi-infinite program. We introduce a primal-dual gradient method which
performs three updates iteratively: a momentum gradient ascend step to update
the constraint parameters, a momentum gradient ascend step to update the dual
variables, and a gradient descend step to update the primal variables. Our
approach also extends to scenarios where gradients and function values are
accessible solely through stochastic oracles. This method extends the recent
primal-dual methods, for example, Hamedani and Aybat (2021); Boob et al.
(2022), for optimization with a finite number of constraints. We show the
iteration complexity of the proposed method for finding an $\epsilon$-optimal
solution under different convexity and concavity assumptions on the functions.


  We present the results of a 3-year long, medium-resolution spectroscopic
campaign aimed at identifying very metal-poor stars from candidates selected
with the CaHK, metallicity-sensitive Pristine survey. The catalogue consists of
a total of 1007 stars, and includes 146 rediscoveries of metal-poor stars
already presented in previous surveys, 707 new very metal-poor stars with
[Fe/H] < -2.0, and 95 new extremely metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] < -3.0. We
provide a spectroscopic [Fe/H] for every star in the catalogue, and [C/Fe]
measurements for a subset of the stars (10% with [Fe/H] < -3 and 24% with -3 <
[Fe/H] < -2) for which a carbon determination is possible, contingent mainly on
the carbon abundance, effective temperature and S/N of the stellar spectra. We
find an average carbon enhancement fraction ([C/Fe] >= +0.7) of 41 +- 4% for
stars with -3 < [Fe/H] < -2 and 58 +- 14% for stars with [Fe/H] < -3, and
report updated success rates for the Pristine survey of 56 % and 23 % to
recover stars with [Fe/H] < -2.5 and [Fe/H] < -3, respectively. Finally, we
discuss the current status of the survey and its preparation for providing
targets to upcoming multi-object spectroscopic surveys such as WEAVE.


  Irradiating a Josephson junction with microwaves can operate not only on the
amplitude but also on the phase of the Josephson current. This requires
breaking time inversion symmetry, which is achieved by introducing a phase
lapse between the microwave components acting on the two{\dag} sides of the
junction. General symmetry arguments and the solution of a specific single
level quantum dot model show that this induces chirality in the Cooper pair
dynamics, due to the topology of the Andreev bound state wavefunction. Another
essential condition is to break electron-hole symmetry within the junction. A
shift of the current-phase relation is obtained, which is controllable in sign
and amplitude with the microwave phase and an electrostatic gate, thus
producing a "chiral" Josephson transistor. The dot model is solved in the
infinite gap limit by Floquet theory and in the general case with Keldysh
nonequilibrium Green's functions. The chiral current is nonadiabatic: it is
extremal and changes sign close to resonant chiral transitions between the
Andreev bound states.


  The rich ground-state phase diagram of the mixed spin-(1,1/2) Heisenberg
octahedral chain was previously elaborated from effective mixed-spin Heisenberg
chains, which were derived by employing a local conservation of a total spin on
square plaquettes of an octahedral chain. Here we present a comprehensive
analysis of the thermodynamic properties of this model. In the highly
frustrated parameter region the lowest-energy eigenstates of the mixed-spin
Heisenberg octahedral chain belong to flat bands, which allow a precise
description of low-temperature magnetic properties within the localized-magnon
approach exploiting a classical lattice-gas model of hard-core monomers. The
present article provides a more comprehensive version of the localized-magnon
approach, which extends the range of its validity down to a less frustrated
parameter region involving the Haldane and cluster-based Haldane ground states.
A comparison between results of the developed localized-magnon theory and
accurate numerical methods such as full exact diagonalization and
finite-temperature Lanczos technique convincingly evidence that the
low-temperature magnetic properties above the Haldane and the cluster-based
Haldane ground states can be extracted from a classical lattice-gas model of
hard-core monomers and dimers, which is additionally supplemented by a
hard-core particle spanned over the whole lattice representing the gapped
Haldane phase.


  We present a model of traffic flow, with rules that describe the behaviour of
automated vehicles in an open system. We show first of all that the fundamental
diagram of this system collapses to a point, where states of free and jammed
traffic can coexist in phase space. This leads us to consider separately the
roles of average velocities and densities as better descriptors of the actual
state of the traffic. Next, we observe that the transition between free and
jammed traffic as a function of the braking parameter R is different for high
and low initial densities, in the steady state; it turns out to be 'smeared
out' for low densities, a behaviour which is already portended by the transient
behaviour of the system. Our results indicate strongly that, at least for such
models, two effective temperatures (one related to R, and the other to the
density) are needed to describe the global behaviour of this system in
statistical mechanical terms. Analogies with granular flow are discussed in
this context.


  It is found that combining an excitation-energy sum rule with Fetter's trial
wave function gives almost exact low-lying collective-mode frequencies of a
trapped Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature.


  We propose a new set of model independent approximants adapted to the time
momentum representation (TMR) of hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) and its
contribution to $g_{\mu}-2$. They provide a way to extrapolate lattice QCD
(LQCD) results obtained in an optimal time-region, to the full range required
for an evaluation of the HVP contribution to $g_{\mu}-2$. They offer as well a
new way to confront LQCD results in restricted TMR regions, with the full
contribution obtained from data driven determinations.


  The Magnificent CE$\nu$NS Workshop (2018) was held November 2 & 3 of 2018 on
the University of Chicago campus and brought together theorists,
phenomenologists, and experimentalists working in numerous areas but sharing a
common interest in the process of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
(CE$\nu$NS). This is a collection of abstract-like summaries of the talks given
at the meeting, including links to the slides presented. This document and the
slides from the meeting provide an overview of the field and a snapshot of the
robust CE$\nu$NS-related efforts both planned and underway.


  Let $L$ be an $n$-component link ($n>1$) with pairwise nonzero linking
numbers in a rational homology $3$-sphere $Y$. Assume the link complement
$X:=Y\setminus\nu(L)$ has nondegenerate Thurston norm. In this paper, we study
when a Thurston norm-minimizing surface $S$ properly embedded in $X$ remains
norm-minimizing after Dehn filling all boundary components of $X$ according to
$\partial S$ and capping off $\partial S$ by disks. In particular, for $n=2$
the capped-off surface is norm-minimizing when $[S]$ lies outside of a finite
set of rays in $H_2(X,\partial X;\mathbb{R})$. When $Y$ is an integer homology
sphere this gives an upper bound on the number of surgeries on $L$ which may
yield $S^1\times S^2$. The main techniques come from Gabai's proof of the
Property R conjecture and related work.


  In this short paper, in order to price occupation-time options, such as
(double-barrier) step options and quantile options, we derive various joint
distributions of a mixed-exponential jump-diffusion process and its occupation
times of intervals.


  We consider the representation of operators in terms of tensor networks and
their application to ground-state approximation and time evolution of systems
with long-range interactions. We provide an explicit construction to represent
an arbitrary many-body Hamilton operator in terms of a one-dimensional tensor
network, i.e. as a matrix product operator. For pairwise interactions, we show
that such a representation is always efficient and requires a tensor dimension
growing only linearly with the number of particles. For systems obeying certain
symmetries or restrictions we find optimal representations with minimal tensor
dimension. We discuss the analytic and numerical approximation of operators in
terms of low-dimensional tensor operators. We demonstrate applications for time
evolution and ground-state approximation, in particular for long-range
interaction with inhomogeneous couplings. The operator representations are also
generalized to other geometries such as trees and 2D lattices, where we show
how to obtain and use efficient tensor network representations respecting a
given geometry.


  Identifications of quasars at intermediate redshifts (2.2<z<3.5) are
inefficient in most previous quasar surveys as their optical colors are similar
to those of stars. The near-IR K-band excess technique has been suggested to
overcome this difficulty. Our study also proposed to use optical/near-IR colors
for selecting z<4 quasars. To this method, we selected 105 unidentified bright
targets with i<18.5 from the quasar candidates of SDSS DR6 with both SDSS ugriz
optical and UKIDSS YJHK near-IR photometric data, which satisfy our proposed
Y-K/g-z criterion and have photometric redshifts between 2.2 and 3.5 estimated
from the 9-band SDSS-UKIDSS data. 43 of them were observed with the 2.16m
telescope of NAOC in 2012. 36 of them were identified as quasars at 2.1<z<3.4.
High success rate of discovering these quasars in the SDSS spectroscopic
surveyed area demonstrates the robustness of both the Y-K/g-z selection
criterion and the photometric redshift estimation technique. We also used the
above criterion to investigate the possible star contamination rate to the
quasar candidates of SDSS DR6, and found that it is much higher in selecting
3<z<3.5 quasar candidates than selecting lower redshift ones (z<2.2). The
significant improvement in the photometric redshift estimation by using the
9-band SDSS-UKIDSS data than using the 5-band SDSS data is demonstrated and a
catalog of 7,727 unidentified quasar candidates with photometric redshifts
between 2.2 and 3.5 is provided. We also tested the Y-K/g-z selection criterion
with the SDSS-III/DR9 quasar catalog, and found 96.2% of 17,999 DR9 quasars
with UKIDSS Y and K-band data satisfy our criterion. With some samples of red
and type II quasars, we found that 88% and 96.5% of them can be selected by the
Y-K/g-z criterion respectively, which supports that using the Y-K/g-z criterion
we can efficiently select both unobscured and obscured quasars. (abridged)


  We study canonical quantization of Jackiw-Teibelboim (JT) gravity coupled to
a massless scalar field. We provide concrete expressions of matter SL(2,{\,\bf
R}) charges and the boundary matter operators in terms of the creation and
annihilation operators in the scalar field. The matter charges are represented
in the form of an oscillator (Jordon-Schwinger) realization of the SL(2,{\,\bf
R}) algebra. We also show how the gauge constraints are implemented
classically, by matching explicitly classical solutions of Schwarzian dynamics
with bulk solutions. We introduce $n$-point transition functions defined by
insertions of boundary matter operators along the two-sided Lorentzian
evolution, which may fully spell out the quantum dynamics in the presence of
matter. For the Euclidean case, we proceed with a two-sided picture of the disk
geometry and consider the two-sided $2$-point correlation function where
initial and final states are arranged by inserting matter operators in a
specific way. For some simple initial states, we evaluate the correlation
function perturbatively. We also discuss some basic features of the two-sided
correlation functions with additional insertions of boundary matter operators
along the two-sided evolution.


  It is shown that a general class of complex asymmetric potentials of the form
$ w^2(x)-iw_x(x)$, where $w(x)$ is a real function, allows for the existence of
one-parametric continuous families of the stationary nonlinear modes
bifurcating from the linear spectrum and propagating in Kerr media. As an
example, we introduce an asymmetric double-hump complex potential and show that
it supports continuous families of stable nonlinear modes.


  Solar flares emanate from solar active regions hosting complex and strong
bipolar magnetic fluxes. Estimating the probability of an active region to
flare and defining reliable precursors of intense flares is an extremely
challenging task in the space weather field. In this work, we focus on two
metrics as flare precursors, the unsigned flux R, tested on MDI/SOHO data and
one of the most used parameters for flare forecasting applications, and a novel
topological parameter D representing the complexity of a solar active region.
More in detail, we propose an algorithm for the computation of the R value
which exploits the higher spatial resolution of HMI maps. This algorithm leads
to a differently computed R value, whose functionality is tested on a set of
cycle 24th solar flares. Furthermore, we introduce a topological parameter
based on the automatic recognition of magnetic polarity-inversion lines in
identified active regions, and able to evaluate its magnetic topological
complexity. We use both a heuristic approach and a supervised machine learning
method to validate the effectiveness of these two descriptors to predict the
occurrence of X- or M- class flares in a given solar active region during the
following 24 hours period. Our feature ranking analysis shows that both
parameters play a significant role in prediction performances. Moreover, the
analysis demonstrates that the new topological parameter D is the only one,
among 173 overall predictors, which is always present for all test subsets and
is systematically ranked within the top-ten positions in all tests concerning
the computation of the weighs with which each predictor impacts the flare
forecasting.


  In pure gravity mediation (PGM), the most minimal scheme for the mediation of
supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking to the visible sector, soft masses for the
standard model gauginos are generated at one loop rather than via direct
couplings to the SUSY-breaking field. In any concrete implementation of PGM,
the SUSY-breaking field is therefore required to carry nonzero charge under
some global or local symmetry. As we point out in this note, a prime candidate
for such a symmetry might be B-L, the Abelian gauge symmetry associated with
the difference between baryon number B and lepton number L. The F-term of the
SUSY-breaking field then not only breaks SUSY, but also B-L, which relates the
respective spontaneous breaking of SUSY and B-L at a fundamental level. As a
particularly interesting consequence, we find that the heavy Majorana neutrino
mass scale ends up being tied to the gravitino mass, Lambda_N ~ m_3/2. Assuming
nonthermal leptogenesis to be responsible for the generation of the baryon
asymmetry of the universe, this connection may then explain why SUSY
necessarily needs to be broken at a rather high energy scale, so that m_3/2 >~
1000 TeV in accord with the concept of PGM. We illustrate our idea by means of
a minimal model of dynamical SUSY breaking, in which B-L is identified as a
weakly gauged flavor symmetry. We also discuss the effect of the B-L gauge
dynamics on the superparticle mass spectrum as well as the resulting
constraints on the parameter space of our model. In particular, we comment on
the role of the B-L D-term.


  We have performed a survey for substellar companions to young brown dwarfs in
the Taurus star-forming region using the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on board
the Hubble Space Telescope. In these data, we have discovered a candidate
companion at a projected separation of 0.105" from one of the brown dwarfs,
corresponding to 15 AU at the distance of Taurus. To determine if this object
is a companion, we have obtained images of the pair at a second epoch with the
adaptive optics system at Gemini Observatory. The astrometry from the Hubble
and Gemini data indicates that the two objects share similar proper motions and
thus are likely companions. We estimate a mass of 5-10 Mjup for the secondary
based on a comparison of its bolometric luminosity to the predictions of
theoretical evolutionary models. This object demonstrates that planetary-mass
companions to brown dwarfs can form on a timescale of <=1 Myr. Companion
formation on such a rapid timescale is more likely to occur via gravitational
instability in a disk or fragmentation of a cloud core than through core
accretion. The Gemini images also reveal a possible substellar companion
(rho=0.23") to a young low-mass star that is 12.4" from the brown dwarf
targeted by Hubble. If these four objects comprise a quadruple system, then its
hierarchical configuration would suggest that the fragmentation of molecular
cloud cores can produce companions below 10 Mjup.


  We evaluate in perturbative QCD the semi-inclusive Drell-Yan cross-section
for the production of a single hadron accompaining the lepton pair. We
demonstrate to one loop level a collinear factorization formula within the
fracture functions approach. We propose such a process as a factorization
analyzer in hadronic collisions. Phenomenological implications at the hadron
colliders are briefly discussed.


  In this paper, we study tilings of $\mathbb Z$, that is, coverings of
$\mathbb Z$ by disjoint sets (tiles). Let $T=\{d_1,\ldots, d_s\}$ be a given
multiset of distances. Is it always possible to tile $\mathbb Z$ by tiles, for
which the multiset of distances between consecutive points is equal to $T$? In
this paper, we give a sufficient condition that such a tiling exists. Our
result allows multisets of distances to have arbitrarily many distinct values.
Our result generalizes most of the previously known results, all of which dealt
with the cases of $2$ or $3$ distinct distances.


  The deformation principle admits one to obtain a very broad class of
nonuniform geometries as a result of deformation of the proper Euclidean
geometry. The Riemannian geometry is also obtained by means of a deformation of
the Euclidean geometry. Application of the deformation principle appears to be
not consecutive, and the Riemannian geometry appears to be not completely
consistent. Two different definitions of two vectors parallelism are
investigated and compared. The first definitions is based on the deformation
principle. The second definition is the conventional definition of parallelism,
which is used in the Riemannian geometry. It is shown, that the second
definition is inconsistent. It leads to absence of absolute parallelism in
Riemannian geometry and to discrimination of outcome outside the framework of
the Riemannian geometry at description of the space-time geometry.


  We present a calculation of current-induced torques in metallic magnetic
multilayers derived from the spin-dependent transmission and reflection
properties of the magnetic layers. A scattering formalism is employed to
calculate the torques in a magnetic-nonmagnetic-magnetic trilayer, for currents
perpendicular to the layers, in both the ballistic and diffusive regimes.


  We investigate the probabilistic feasibility of randomized solutions to two
distinct classes of uncertain multi-agent optimization programs. We first
assume that only the constraints of the program are affected by uncertainty,
while the cost function is arbitrary. Leveraging recent a posteriori
developments of the scenario approach, we provide probabilistic guarantees for
all feasible solutions of the program under study. This result is particularly
useful in cases where numerical difficulties related to the convergence of the
solution-seeking algorithm hinder the exact quantification of the optimal
solution. Furthermore, it can be applied to cases where the agents' incentives
lead to a suboptimal solution, e.g., under a non-cooperative setting. We then
focus on optimization programs where the cost function admits an aggregate
representation and depends on uncertainty while constraints are deterministic.
By exploiting the structure of the program under study and leveraging the so
called support rank notion, we provide agent-independent robustness
certificates for the optimal solution, i.e., the constructed bound on the
probability of constraint violation does not depend on the number of agents,
but only on the dimension of the agents' decision. This substantially reduces
the number of samples required to achieve a certain level of probabilistic
robustness as the number of agents increases. All robustness certificates
provided in this paper are distribution-free and can be used alongside any
optimization algorithm. Our theoretical results are accompanied by a numerical
case study involving a charging control problem of a fleet of electric
vehicles.


  We prove the height two case of a conjecture of Hovey and Strickland that
provides a $K(n)$-local analogue of the Hopkins--Smith thick subcategory
theorem. Our approach first reduces the general conjecture to a problem in
arithmetic geometry posed by Chai. We then use the Gross--Hopkins period map to
verify Chai's Hope at height two and all primes. Along the way, we show that
the graded commutative ring of completed cooperations for Morava $E$-theory is
coherent, and that every finitely generated Morava module can be realized by a
$K(n)$-local spectrum as long as $2p-2>n^2+n$. Finally, we deduce consequences
of our results for descent of Balmer spectra.


  The creation of charged fermions from the vacuum by a Coulomb field in the
presence of an Aharonov--Bohm (AB) potential are studied in 2+1 dimensions. The
process is governed by a (singular) Dirac Hamiltonian that requires the
supplementary definition in order for it to be treated as a self-adjoint
quantum-mechanical operator. By constructing a one-parameter self-adjoint
extension of the Dirac Hamiltonian, specified by boundary conditions, we
describe the (virtual bound) quasistationary states with "complex energy"
emerging in an attractive Coulomb potential, derive for the first time, complex
equations (depending upon the electron spin and the extension parameter) for
the quasistationary state "complex energy". The constructed self-adjoint Dirac
Hamiltonians in Coulomb and AB potentials are applied to provide a correct
description to the low-energy electron excitations, as well as the creation of
charged quasiparticles from the vacuum in graphene by the Coulomb impurity in
the presence of AB potential. It is shown that the strong Coulomb field can
create charged fermions for some range of the extension parameter.


  We present here a new conjecture for the nature of the Mersenne prime numbers
by connecting it with the Collatz-Kakutani problem. By introducing a natural
path length on the basis of the Collatz-Kakutani tree, we conjecture that this
path length of a Mersenne prime from the root of the Collatz-Kakutani tree is
approximately proportional to the index of the Mersenne prime. We also discuss
difference of behaviors between Mersenne numbers and Mersenne primes.


  In addition to vector ($V$) type new particles extensively discussed
previously, both CP-even ($S$) and CP-odd ($P$) spin-0 Dark Matter (DM)
mediators can couple to muons and be produced in the bremsstrahlung reaction
$\mu^- + N \rightarrow \mu^- + N + S(P)$. Their possible subsequent invisible
decay into a pair of Dirac DM particles, $S(P) \to \chi \overline{\chi}$, can
be detected in fixed target experiments through missing energy signature. In
this paper, we focus on the case of experiments using high-energy muon beams.
For this reason, we derive the differential cross-sections involved using the
phase space Weisz\"acker-Williams approximation and compare them to the
exact-tree-level calculations. The formalism derived can be applied in various
experiments that could observe muon-spin-0 DM interactions. This can happen in
present and future proton beam-dump experiments such as NA62, SHIP, HIKE, and
SHADOWS; in muon fixed target experiments as NA64$\mu$, MUoNE and M3; in
neutrino experiments using powerful proton beams such as DUNE. In particular,
we focus on the NA64$\mu$ experiment case, which uses a 160 GeV muon beam at
the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator. We compute the derived
cross-sections, the resulting signal yields and we discuss the experiment
projected sensitivity to probe the relic DM parameter space and the $(g-2)_\mu$
anomaly favoured region considering $10^{12}$ and $10^{13}$ muons on target.


  The impurity Green's function Gf in the local non-Fermi liquid state is
evaluated by means of the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method extended
to the multichannel Anderson model. For N=M (where N and M are numbers of spin
components and channels, respectively), Gf is expressed as -Im Gf(w+i0) = c - b
|w|^{1/2}, and the zero-frequency value c depends only on N (=M). A
corresponding impurity self-energy at low frequencies is composed of two parts:
a resonance term related to c, and a non-Fermi liquid term proportional to
|w|^{1/2}. The characteristic energy scale is discussed in terms of the
non-Fermi liquid term in the self-energy.


  This paper is a description of the CVC4 SMT solver as entered into the 2018
SMT Competition. We only list important differences from the 2017 SMT
Competition version of CVC4. For further and more detailed information about
CVC4, please refer to the original paper, the CVC4 website, or the source code
on GitHub.


  The properties of quintessence are examined through the study of the
variation of the electromagnetic coupling. We consider two simple quintessence
models with a modified exponential potential and study the parameter space
constraints derived from the existing observational bounds on the variation of
the fine structure constant and the most recent Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy
Probe observations.


  In type-II superconductors, the macroscopic response of vortex matter to an
external perturbation depends on the local interaction of flux lines with the
pinning landscape (pinscape). The (Campbell) penetration depth
$\lambda_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle C}}$ of an $ac$ field perturbation is
often associated with a phenomenological pinning curvature. However, this basic
approach is unable to capture thermal hysteresis effects observed in a variety
of superconductors. The recently developed framework of strong-pinning theory
has established a quantitative relationship between the microscopic pinscape
and macroscopic observables. Specifically, it identifies history-dependent
vortex arrangements as the primary source for thermal hysteresis in the
Campbell response. In this work, we show that this interpretation is well
suited to capture the experimental results of the clean superconductor
$\mathrm{Nb}\mathrm{Se}_{2}$; as observed through Campbell response (linear
$ac$ susceptibility) and small-angle neutron scattering measurements.
Furthermore, we exploit the hysteretic Campbell response upon thermal cycling
to extract the temperature dependence of microscopic pinning parameters from
bulk measurements; specifically the pinning force and pinning length. This
spectroscopic tool may stimulate further pinscape characterization in other
superconducting systems.


  The behaviour of the wave function of the Universe under the barrier for
anisotropic cosmological Bianchi type IX model with account of influence of the
scalar field is explored. In view of known difficulties with interpretation of
multidimensional wave functions the method of reduction of such problems to
one-dimensional is offered. For this purpose in frameworks of semiclassical
approach the system of characteristics equations relative to one variable is
written out. This system describe a bundle of the characteristics along which
the multidimensional problem is reduced to one-dimensional one that allows to
utillize the standard interpretation of the wave function as well as for usual
Schrodinger equation. The obtained results for Bianchi type IX model are
reduced to the following statement: the Universe tunnels through the barrier
from an isotropic state with zero initial value of the scalar field and appear
in classically allowed region with small anisotropy that is necessary for
providing of long-lived inflation for deriving the Universe such as ours.


  Surprisingly, magnetoquantum oscillations (MQO) characteristic of a metal
with a Fermi surface have been observed in measurements of the topological
Kondo insulator SmB6. As these MQO have only been observed in measurements of
magnetic torque (dHvA) and not in measurements of magnetoresistance (SdH), a
debate has arisen as to whether the MQO are an extrinsic effect arising from
rare-earth impurities, defects, and/or aluminum inclusions or an intrinsic
effect revealing the existence of charge-neutral excitations. We report here
the first observation of magnetoquantum oscillations in the low-temperature
specific heat of SmB6. The observed frequencies and their angular dependence
for these flux-grown samples are consistent with previous results based on
magnetic torque for SmB6 but the inferred effective masses are significantly
larger than previously reported. Such oscillations can only be observed if the
MQO are of bulk thermodynamic origin; the measured magnetic-field dependent
oscillation amplitude and effective mass allow us to rule out suggestions of an
extrinsic, aluminium inclusion-based origin for the MQO.


  This paper generalizes the classical Hautus Test to systems described by
partial differential equations.


  A collection of $k$ sets is said to form a $k$-sunflower, or $\Delta$-system,
if the intersection of any two sets from the collection is the same, and we
call a family of sets $\mathcal{F}$ sunflower-free if it contains no
sunflowers. Following the recent breakthrough of Ellenberg and Gijswijt and
Croot, Lev and Pach we apply the polynomial method directly to
Erd\H{o}s-Szemer\'{e}di sunflower problem and prove that any sunflower-free
family $\mathcal{F}$ of subsets of $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ has size at most \[
|\mathcal{F}|\leq3n\sum_{k\leq
n/3}\binom{n}{k}\leq\left(\frac{3}{2^{2/3}}\right)^{n(1+o(1))}. \] We say that
a set $A\subset(\mathbb Z/D \mathbb Z)^{n}=\{1,2,\dots,D\}^{n}$ for $D>2$ is
sunflower-free if every distinct triple $x,y,z\in A$ there exists a coordinate
$i$ where exactly two of $x_{i},y_{i},z_{i}$ are equal. Using a version of the
polynomial method with characters
$\chi:\mathbb{Z}/D\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ instead of polynomials, we
show that any sunflower-free set $A\subset(\mathbb Z/D \mathbb Z)^{n}$ has size
\[ |A|\leq c_{D}^{n} \] where $c_{D}=\frac{3}{2^{2/3}}(D-1)^{2/3}$. This can be
seen as making further progress on a possible approach to proving the
Erd\H{o}s-Rado sunflower conjecture, which by the work of Alon, Sphilka and
Umans is equivalent to proving that $c_{D}\leq C$ for some constant $C$
independent of $D$.


  We report the successful growth of high-quality single crystals of potassium
intercalated iron selenide KxFe2-ySe2 by Bridgeman method. The effect of iron
vacancies on transport properties was investigated by electrical resistivity
and magnetic susceptibility measurements. With varying iron content, the system
passes from semiconducting/insulating to superconducting state. Comparing with
superconductivity, the anomalous "hump" effect in the normal state resistivity
is much more sensitive to the iron deficiency. The electrical resistivity
exhibits a perfect metallic behavior (R300K/R35K=42) for the sample with little
iron vacancies. Our results suggest that the anomalous "hump" effect in the
normal state resistivity may be due to the ordering process of the cation
vacancies in this non-stoichiometric compound rather than magnetic/structure
transition. A trace of superconductivity extending up to near 44 K was also
detected in some crystals of KxFe2-ySe2, which has the highest Tc of the
reported iron selenides.


  A survey of dictionary models and formats is presented as well as a
presentation of corresponding recent standardisation activities.


  The phase space for graphene's minimum conductivity $\sigma_\mathrm{min}$ is
mapped out using Landauer theory modified for scattering using Fermi's Golden
Rule, as well as the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) simulation with a
Monte Carlo sampling over impurity distributions. The resulting `fan diagram'
spans the range from ballistic to diffusive over varying aspect ratios ($W/L$),
and bears several surprises. {The device aspect ratio determines how much
tunneling (between contacts) is allowed and becomes the dominant factor for the
evolution of $\sigma_{min}$ from ballistic to diffusive regime. We find an
increasing (for $W/L>1$) or decreasing ($W/L<1$) trend in $\sigma_{min}$ vs.
impurity density, all converging around $128q^2/\pi^3h\sim 4q^2/h$ at the dirty
limit}. In the diffusive limit, the {conductivity} quasi-saturates due to the
precise cancellation between the increase in conducting modes from charge
puddles vs the reduction in average transmission from scattering at the Dirac
Point. In the clean ballistic limit, the calculated conductivity of the lowest
mode shows a surprising absence of Fabry-P\'{e}rot oscillations, unlike other
materials including bilayer graphene. We argue that the lack of oscillations
even at low temperature is a signature of Klein tunneling.


  With the increasing complexity and scope of software systems, their
dependability is crucial. The analysis of log data recorded during system
execution can enable engineers to automatically predict failures at run time.
Several Machine Learning (ML) techniques, including traditional ML and Deep
Learning (DL), have been proposed to automate such tasks. However, current
empirical studies are limited in terms of covering all main DL types --
Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Convolutional Neural network (CNN), and
transformer -- as well as examining them on a wide range of diverse datasets.
  In this paper, we aim to address these issues by systematically investigating
the combination of log data embedding strategies and DL types for failure
prediction. To that end, we propose a modular architecture to accommodate
various configurations of embedding strategies and DL-based encoders. To
further investigate how dataset characteristics such as dataset size and
failure percentage affect model accuracy, we synthesised 360 datasets, with
varying characteristics, for three distinct system behavioral models, based on
a systematic and automated generation approach. Using the F1 score metric, our
results show that the best overall performing configuration is a CNN-based
encoder with Logkey2vec. Additionally, we provide specific dataset conditions,
namely a dataset size >350 or a failure percentage >7.5%, under which this
configuration demonstrates high accuracy for failure prediction.


  In this paper, Gotzmann's Regularity Theorem is established for globally
generated coherent sheaves on projective space. This is used to extend
Gotzmann's explicit construction to the Quot scheme. The Gotzmann
representation is applied to bound the second Chern class of a rank 2 globally
generated coherent sheaf in terms of the first Chern class.


  Accurate demand forecasting in the retail industry is a critical determinant
of financial performance and supply chain efficiency. As global markets become
increasingly interconnected, businesses are turning towards advanced prediction
models to gain a competitive edge. However, existing literature mostly focuses
on historical sales data and ignores the vital influence of macroeconomic
conditions on consumer spending behavior. In this study, we bridge this gap by
enriching time series data of customer demand with macroeconomic variables,
such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS), and
unemployment rates. Leveraging this comprehensive dataset, we develop and
compare various regression and machine learning models to predict retail demand
accurately.


  This thesis describes work on two applications of probabilistic programming:
the learning of probabilistic program code given specifications, in particular
program code of one-dimensional samplers; and the facilitation of sequential
Monte Carlo inference with help of data-driven proposals. The latter is
presented with experimental results on a linear Gaussian model and a
non-parametric dependent Dirichlet process mixture of objects model for object
recognition and tracking.
  In Chapter 1 we provide a brief introduction to probabilistic programming.
  In Chapter 2 we present an approach to automatic discovery of samplers in the
form of probabilistic programs. We formulate a Bayesian approach to this
problem by specifying a grammar-based prior over probabilistic program code. We
use an approximate Bayesian computation method to learn the programs, whose
executions generate samples that statistically match observed data or
analytical characteristics of distributions of interest. In our experiments we
leverage different probabilistic programming systems to perform Markov chain
Monte Carlo sampling over the space of programs. Experimental results have
demonstrated that, using the proposed methodology, we can learn approximate and
even some exact samplers. Finally, we show that our results are competitive
with regard to genetic programming methods.
  In Chapter 3, we describe a way to facilitate sequential Monte Carlo
inference in probabilistic programming using data-driven proposals. In
particular, we develop a distance-based proposal for the non-parametric
dependent Dirichlet process mixture of objects model. We implement this
approach in the probabilistic programming system Anglican, and show that for
that model data-driven proposals provide significant performance improvements.
We also explore the possibility of using neural networks to improve data-driven
proposals.


  Traditional routes to Charge-Density-Wave in transition metal
dichalcogenides, relying on Fermi surface nesting or Jahn-Teller instabilities
have recently been brought into question. While this calls for exploration of
alternative views, paucity of theoretical guidance sustains lively controversy
on the origin of, and interplay between CDW and superconductive orders in
transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, we explore a preformed excitonic liquid
route, heavily supplemented by modern correlated electronic structure
calculations, to an excitonic-CDW order in 1T-TiSe$_{2}$. We show that
orbital-selective dynamical localisation arising from preformed excitonic
liquid correlations is somewhat reminiscent to states proposed for $d$- and
$f$-band quantum criticality at the border of magnetism. Excellent quantitative
explication of a wide range of spectral and transport responses in both normal
and CDW phases provides strong support for our scenario, and suggests that soft
excitonic liquid fluctuations mediate superconductivity in a broad class of
transition metal dichalcogenides on the border of CDW. This brings the
transition metal dichalcogenides closer to the bad actors in $d$- and $f$-band
systems, where anomalously soft fluctuations of electronic origin are believed
to mediate unconventional superconductivity on the border of magnetism.


  Jets may have contributed to promoting the growth of seed black holes in the
early Universe, and thus observations of radio-loud high-redshift quasars are
crucial to understanding the growth and evolution of the early supermassive
black holes. Here we report the radio properties of an X-ray bright $z=5.5$
quasar, SRGE J170245.3+130104 (J1702+1301). Our high-resolution radio images
reveal the radio counterpart at the optical position of J1702+1301, while
another radio component is also detected at $\sim$23.5\arcsec\ to the
southwest. Our analysis suggests that this southwest component is associated
with a foreground galaxy at $z\approx 0.677$, which is mixed with J1702+1301 in
low-frequency low-resolution radio images. After removing the contamination
from this foreground source, we recalculated the radio loudness of J1702+1301
to be $R>$1100, consistent with those of blazars. J1702+1301 exhibits a flat
radio spectrum ($\alpha = -0.17 \pm 0.05$, $S \propto \nu^\alpha$) between 0.15
and 5 GHz; above 5 GHz, it shows a rising spectrum shape, and the spectral
index $\alpha^{8.2}_{4.7}$ appears to be correlated with the variation of the
flux density: in burst states, $\alpha^{8.2}_{4.7}$ becomes larger. J1702+1301
displays distinct radio variability on timescales from weeks to years in the
source's rest frame. These radio properties, including high radio loudness,
rising spectrum, and rapid variability, tend to support it as a blazar.


  We realize explicitly the well-known additive decomposition of the Hochschild
cohomology ring of a group algebra in the elements level. As a result, we
describe the cup product, the Batalin-Vilkovisky operator and the Lie bracket
in the Hochschild cohomology ring of a group algebra.


  The objective for establishing dense correspondence between paired images
consists of two terms: a data term and a prior term. While conventional
techniques focused on defining hand-designed prior terms, which are difficult
to formulate, recent approaches have focused on learning the data term with
deep neural networks without explicitly modeling the prior, assuming that the
model itself has the capacity to learn an optimal prior from a large-scale
dataset. The performance improvement was obvious, however, they often fail to
address inherent ambiguities of matching, such as textureless regions,
repetitive patterns, and large displacements. To address this, we propose
DiffMatch, a novel conditional diffusion-based framework designed to explicitly
model both the data and prior terms. Unlike previous approaches, this is
accomplished by leveraging a conditional denoising diffusion model. DiffMatch
consists of two main components: conditional denoising diffusion module and
cost injection module. We stabilize the training process and reduce memory
usage with a stage-wise training strategy. Furthermore, to boost performance,
we introduce an inference technique that finds a better path to the accurate
matching field. Our experimental results demonstrate significant performance
improvements of our method over existing approaches, and the ablation studies
validate our design choices along with the effectiveness of each component.
Project page is available at https://ku-cvlab.github.io/DiffMatch/.


  A broadcast graph is a connected graph, $G=(V,E)$, $ |V |=n$, in which each
vertex can complete broadcasting of one message within at most $t=\lceil \log
n\rceil$ time units. A minimum broadcast graph on $n$ vertices is a broadcast
graph with the minimum number of edges over all broadcast graphs on $n$
vertices. The cardinality of the edge set of such a graph is denoted by $B(n)$.
In this paper we construct a new broadcast graph with
  $B(n) \le (k+1)N -(t-\frac{k}{2}+2)2^{k}+t-k+2$, for $n=N=(2^{k}-1)2^{t+1-k}$
and
  $B(n) \le (k+1-p)n -(t-\frac{k}{2}+p+2)2^{k}+t-k -(p-2)2^{p}$, for $2^{t} <
n<(2^{k}-1)2^{t+1-k}$, where $t \geq 7$, $2 \le k \le \lfloor t/2 \rfloor -1$
for even $n$ and $2 \le k \le \lceil t/2 \rceil -1$ for odd $n$, $d=N-n$, $x=
\lfloor \frac{d}{2^{t+1-k}} \rfloor$ and $ p = \lfloor \log_{2}{(x+1)} \rfloor$
if $x>0$ and $p=0$ if $x=0$.
  The new bound is an improvement upon the bound presented by Harutyunyan and
Liestman (2012) for odd values of $n$.


  Media news are making a large part of public opinion and, therefore, must not
be fake. News on web sites, blogs, and social media must be analyzed before
being published. In this paper, we present linguistic characteristics of media
news items to differentiate between fake news and real news using machine
learning algorithms. Neural fake news generation, headlines created by
machines, semantic incongruities in text and image captions generated by
machine are other types of fake news problems. These problems use neural
networks which mainly control distributional features rather than evidence. We
propose applying correlation between features set and class, and correlation
among the features to compute correlation attribute evaluation metric and
covariance metric to compute variance of attributes over the news items.
Features unique, negative, positive, and cardinal numbers with high values on
the metrics are observed to provide a high area under the curve (AUC) and
F1-score.


  We discuss possible definitions of structural balance conditions in a network
with preference orderings as node attributes. The main result is that for the
case with three alternatives ($A,B,C$) we reduce the $(3!)^3 = 216$ possible
configurations of triangles to $10$ equivalence classes, and use these as
measures of balance of a triangle towards possible extensions of structural
balance theory. Moreover, we derive a general formula for the number of
equivalent classes for preferences on $n$ alternatives. Finally, we analyze a
real-world data set and compare its empirical distribution of triangle
equivalence classes to a null hypothesis in which preferences are randomly
assigned to the nodes.


  We apply the framework developed in the preceding paper in this series
(Smilansky 2017 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50, 215301) to compute the time-delay
distribution in the scattering of ultra short radio frequency pulses on complex
networks of transmission lines which are modeled by metric (quantum) graphs. We
consider wave packets which are centered at high wave number and comprise many
energy levels. In the limit of pulses of very short duration we compute upper
and lower bounds to the actual time-delay distribution of the radiation
emerging from the network using a simplified problem where time is replaced by
the discrete count of vertex-scattering events. The classical limit of the
time-delay distribution is also discussed and we show that for finite networks
it decays exponentially, with a decay constant which depends on the graph
connectivity and the distribution of its edge lengths. We illustrate and apply
our theory to a simple model graph where an algebraic decay of the quantum
time-delay distribution is established.


  This report documents the results obtained by the Working Group on Quantum
Chromodynamics and the Standard Model for the Workshop `Physics at TeV
Colliders'', Les Houches, France, 26 May - 6 June 2003. After a Monte Guide
description, the first contributions report on progress in describing multiple
interactions, important for the LHC, and underlying events. An announcement of
a Monte Carlo database, under construction, is then followed by a number of
contributions improving parton shower descriptions. Subsequently, a large
number of contributions address resummations in various forms, after which
follow studies of QCD effects in pion pair, top quark pair and photon pair plus
jet production. After a study of electroweak corrections to hadronic precision
observables, the report ends by presenting recent progress in methods to
compute finite order corrections at one-loop with many legs, and at two-loop.


  A Lagrangian system with singularities is considered. The configuration space
is a non-compact manifold that depends on time. A set of periodic solutions has
been found.


  Starting from a microscopic model for a spherically symmetric active Janus
particle, we study the interactions between two such active motors. The ambient
fluid mediates a long range hydrodynamic interaction between two motors. This
interaction has both direct and indirect hydrodynamic contributions. The direct
contribution is due to the propagation of fluid flow that originated from a
moving motor and affects the motion of the other motor. The indirect
contribution emerges from the re-distribution of the ionic concentrations in
the presence of both motors. Electric force exerted on the fluid from this
ionic solution enhances the flow pattern and subsequently changes the motion of
both motors. By formulating a perturbation method for very far separated
motors, we derive analytic results for the transnational and rotational
dynamics of the motors. We show that the overall interaction at the leading
order, modifies the translational and rotational speeds of motors which scale
as ${\cal O}\left([1/D]^3\right)$ and ${\cal O}\left([1/D]^4\right)$ with their
separation, respectively. Our findings open up the way for studying the
collective dynamics of synthetic micro motors.


  Droughts, with their increasing frequency of occurrence, continue to
negatively affect livelihoods and elements at risk. For example, the 2011 in
drought in east Africa has caused massive losses document to have cost the
Kenyan economy over $12bn. With the foregoing, the demand for ex-ante drought
monitoring systems is ever-increasing. The study uses 10 precipitation and
vegetation variables that are lagged over 1, 2 and 3-month time-steps to
predict drought situations. In the model space search for the most predictive
artificial neural network (ANN) model, as opposed to the traditional greedy
search for the most predictive variables, we use the General Additive Model
(GAM) approach. Together with a set of assumptions, we thereby reduce the
cardinality of the space of models. Even though we build a total of 102 GAM
models, only 21 have R2 greater than 0.7 and are thus subjected to the ANN
process. The ANN process itself uses the brute-force approach that
automatically partitions the training data into 10 sub-samples, builds the ANN
models in these samples and evaluates their performance using multiple metrics.
The results show the superiority of 1-month lag of the variables as compared to
longer time lags of 2 and 3 months. The champion ANN model recorded an R2 of
0.78 in model testing using the out-of-sample data. This illustrates its
ability to be a good predictor of drought situations 1-month ahead.
Investigated as a classifier, the champion has a modest accuracy of 66% and a
multi-class area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 89.99%


  The Computing Community Consortium (CCC) sponsored a workshop on "Robotic
Materials" in Washington, DC, that was held from April 23-24, 2018. This
workshop was the second in a series of interdisciplinary workshops aimed at
transforming our notion of materials to become "robotic", that is have the
ability to sense and impact their environment. Results of the first workshop
held from March 10-12, 2017, at the University of Colorado have been summarized
in a visioning paper (Correll, 2017) and have identified the key technological
challenges of "Robotic Materials", namely the ability to create smart
functionality with a minimum of additional wiring by relying on wireless power
and communication. The goal of this second workshop was to turn these findings
into recommendations for government action.
  Computation will become an important part of future material systems and will
allow materials to analyze, change, store and communicate state in ways that
are not possible using mechanical or chemical processes alone. What
"computation" is and what is possibilities are, is unclear to most material
scientists, while computer scientists are largely unaware of recent advances in
so-called active and smart materials. This gap is currently shrinking, with
computer scientists embracing neural networks and material scientists actively
researching novel substrates such as memristors and other neuromorphic
computing devices.
  Further pursuing these ideas will require an emphasis on interdisciplinary
collaboration between chemists, engineers, and computer scientists, possibly
elevating humankind to a new material age that is similarly disruptive as the
leap from the stone to the plastic age.


  We present a tutorial discussion of Monte Carlo methods for equilibrium and
nonequilibrium problems in interfacial electrochemistry. The discussion is
illustrated with results from simulations of three specific systems: bromine
adsorption on silver (100), underpotential deposition of copper on gold (111),
and electrodeposition of urea on platinum (100).


  Bright submm-selected galaxies have been found to be a rich source of strong
gravitational lenses. However, strong gravitational lensing of extended sources
leads inevitably to differential magnification. In this paper I quantify the
effect of differential magnification on simulated far-infrared and submm
surveys of strong gravitational lenses, using a foreground population of
Navarro-Frenk-White plus de Vaucouleurs' density profiles, with a model source
resembling the Cosmic Eyelash and QSO J1148+5251. Some emission line
diagnostics are surprisingly unaffected by differential magnification effects:
for example, the bolometric fractions of [C II] 158um and CO(J=1-0), often used
to infer densities and ionisation parameters, have typical differential
magnification effects that are smaller than the measurement errors. However,
the CO ladder itself is significantly affected. Far-infrared lensed galaxy
surveys (e.g. at 60um) strongly select for high-redshift galaxies with caustics
close to AGN, boosting the apparent bolometric contribution of AGN. The lens
configuration of IRAS F10214+4724 is naturally explained in this context.
Conversely, submm/mm-wave surveys (e.g. 500-1400um) strongly select for
caustics close to knots of star formation boosting the latter's bolometric
fraction. In general, estimates of bolometric fractions from spectral energy
distributions of strongly lensed infrared galaxies are so unreliable as to be
useless, unless a lens mass model is available to correct for differential
magnification.


  It is well known that every locally compact abelian group L can be decomposed
as L_1 \oplus R^n, where L_1 contains a compact-open subgroup. In this paper,
we use this decomposition to study the topological group Aut(L) of
automorphisms of L, equipped with the g-topology. We show that Aut(L) is
topologically isomorphic to a matrix group with entries from Aut(L_1), Hom(L_1,
R^n), Hom(R^n, L_1), and GL_n(R), respectively. It is also shown that the
algebraic portion of the decomposition is not specific to locally compact
abelian groups, but is also true for objects with a well-behaved decomposition
in an additive category with kernels.


  It is often computationally advantageous to model space as a discrete set of
points forming a lattice grid. This technique is particularly useful for
computationally difficult problems such as quantum many-body systems. For
reasons of simplicity and familiarity, nearly all quantum many-body
calculations have been performed on simple cubic lattices. Since the removal of
lattice artifacts is often an important concern, it would be useful to perform
calculations using more than one lattice geometry. In this work we show how to
perform quantum many-body calculations using auxiliary-field Monte Carlo
simulations on a three-dimensional body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice. As a
benchmark test we compute the ground state energy of 33 spin-up and 33
spin-down fermions in the unitary limit, which is an idealized limit where the
interaction range is zero and scattering length is infinite. As a fraction of
the free Fermi gas energy $E_{\rm FG}$, we find that the ground state energy is
$E_0/E_{\rm FG}= 0.369(2), 0.371(2),$ using two different definitions of the
finite-system energy ratio. This is in excellent agreement with recent results
obtained on a cubic lattice \cite{He:2019ipt}. We find that the computational
effort and performance on a BCC lattice is approximately the same as that for a
cubic lattice with the same number of lattice points. We discuss how the
lattice simulations with different geometries can be used to constrain the size
lattice artifacts in simulations of continuum quantum many-body systems.


  As mobile devices have become the preferred tool for communication, work, and
entertainment, traffic at the edge of the network is growing more rapidly than
ever. To improve user experience, commodity servers are deployed in the edge to
form a decentralized network of mini datacenters each serving a localized
region. A challenge is how to place these servers geographically to maximize
the offloading benefit and be close to the users they respectively serve. We
introduce a formulation for this problem to serve applications that involve
pairwise communication between mobile devices at different geolocations. We
explore several heuristic solutions and compare them in an evaluation using
both real-world and synthetic datasets.


  The kinematics and stellar populations of the low-mass nearby S0 galaxy NGC
5102 are studied from integral field spectra taken with the Multi-Unit
Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). The kinematic maps reveal for the first time
that NGC 5102 has the characteristic 2 sigma peaks indicative of galaxies with
counter-rotating discs. This interpretation is quantitatively confirmed by
fitting two kinematic components to the observed spectra. Through stellar
population analysis we confirm the known young stellar population in the centre
and find steep age and metallicity gradients. We construct axisymmetric Jeans
anisotropic models of the stellar dynamics to investigate the initial mass
function (IMF) and the dark matter halo of the galaxy. The models show that
this galaxy is quite different from all galaxies previously studied with a
similar approach: even within the half-light radius, it cannot be approximated
with the self-consistent mass-follows-light assumption. Including an NFW dark
matter halo, we need a heavy IMF and a dark matter fraction of 0.37+-0.04
within a sphere of one effective radius to describe the stellar kinematics. The
more general model with a free slope of the dark matter halo shows that slope
and IMF are degenerate, but indicates that a light weight IMF (Chabrier-like)
and a higher dark matter fraction, with a steeper (contracted) halo, fit the
data better. Regardless of the assumptions about the halo profile, we measure
the slope of the total mass density to be -1.75+-0.04. This is shallower than
the slope of -2 of an isothermal halo and shallower than published slopes for
more massive early type galaxies.


  The exploration of dark sector interactions via gravitational waves (GWs)
from binary inspirals has been a subject of recent interest. We study dark
forces using extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), pointing out two issues of
interest. Firstly, the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of the EMRI,
which sets the characteristic length scale of the system and hence the dark
force range to which it exhibits enhanced sensitivity, probes force mediator
masses that complement those studied with supermassive black hole (SMBH) or
neutron star binaries. The LISA mission (the proposed $\mu$Ares detector) will
probe mediators with masses $m_V \sim 10^{-16}~{\rm eV}$ ($m_V \sim
10^{-18}~{\rm eV}$), corresponding to ISCOs of $10^6 M_\odot$ ($10^8 M_\odot$)
central SMBHs. Secondly, while the sensitivity to dark couplings is typically
limited by the uncertainty in the binary component masses, independent mass
measurements of the central SMBH through reverberation mapping campaigns or the
motion of dynamical tracers enable one to break this degeneracy. Our results,
therefore, highlight the necessity for coordinated studies, loosely referred to
as "multimessenger", between future $\mu{\rm Hz}-{\rm mHz}$ GW observatories
and ongoing and forthcoming SMBH mass measurement campaigns, including
OzDES-RM, SDSS-RM, and SDSS-V Black Hole Mapper.


  We study the fine tuning in the parameter space of the semi-constrained
NMSSM, where most soft Susy breaking parameters are universal at the GUT scale.
We discuss the dependence of the fine tuning on the soft Susy breaking
parameters M_1/2 and m0, and on the Higgs masses in NMSSM specific scenarios
involving large singlet-doublet Higgs mixing or dominant Higgs-to-Higgs decays.
Whereas these latter scenarios allow a priori for considerably less fine tuning
than the constrained MSSM, the early LHC results rule out a large part of the
parameter space of the semi-constrained NMSSM corresponding to low values of
the fine tuning.


  Vector perturbation (VP) precoding is a promising technique for multiuser
communication systems operating in the downlink. In this work, we introduce a
hybrid framework to improve the performance of lattice reduction (LR) aided
precoding in VP. First, we perform a simple precoding using zero forcing (ZF)
or successive interference cancellation (SIC) based on a reduced lattice basis.
Since the signal space after LR-ZF or LR-SIC precoding can be shown to be
bounded to a small range, then along with sufficient orthogonality of the
lattice basis guaranteed by LR, they collectively pave the way for the
subsequent application of an approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm, which
further boosts the performance of any suboptimal precoder. Our work shows that
the AMP algorithm can be beneficial for a lattice decoding problem whose data
symbols lie in integers $\mathbb{Z}$ and entries of the lattice basis may bot
be i.i.d. Gaussian. Numerical results confirm the low-complexity AMP algorithm
can improve the symbol error rate (SER) performance of LR aided precoding
significantly. Lastly, the hybrid scheme is also proved effective when solving
the data detection problem of massive MIMO systems without using LR.


  The contents of this 98-page paper have been subsumed into the 191-page paper
"A colored sl(N)-homology for links in S^3" (arXiv:0907.0695v1 [math.GT]), in
which we further develop the theory and use it to construct a colored link
homology.


  Explicit solution of an infinite horizon optimal stopping problem for a Levy
processes with a polynomial reward function is given, in terms of the overall
supremum of the process, when the solution of the problem is one-sided. The
results are obtained via the generalization of known results about the
averaging function associated with the problem. This averaging function can be
directly computed in case of polynomial rewards. To illustrate this result,
examples for general quadratic and cubic polynomials are discussed in case the
process is Brownian motion, and the optimal stopping problem for a quartic
polynomial and a Kou's process is solved.


  Learning highly dynamic behaviors for robots has been a longstanding
challenge. Traditional approaches have demonstrated robust locomotion, but the
exhibited behaviors lack diversity and agility. They employ approximate models,
which lead to compromises in performance. Data-driven approaches have been
shown to reproduce agile behaviors of animals, but typically have not been able
to learn highly dynamic behaviors. In this paper, we propose a learning-based
approach to enable robots to learn highly dynamic behaviors from animal motion
data. The learned controller is deployed on a quadrupedal robot and the results
show that the controller is able to reproduce highly dynamic behaviors
including sprinting, jumping and sharp turning. Various behaviors can be
activated through human interaction using a stick with markers attached to it.
Based on the motion pattern of the stick, the robot exhibits walking, running,
sitting and jumping, much like the way humans interact with a pet.


  An overview of cross section measurements as a function of jet multiplicities
and jet kinematics in association with $t\bar{t}$ production is presented. Both
the ATLAS and the CMS collaborations performed a large number of measurements
at different center-of-mass energies of the LHC using various $t\bar{t}$ decay
channels. Theoretical predictions of these quantities usually rely on parton
shower simulations that strongly depends on tunable parameters and come with
large uncertainties. The measurements are compared to various theoretical
descriptions based on different combinations of matrix-element calculations and
parton-shower models.


  Systems with both quantitative and qualitative responses are widely
encountered in many applications. Design of experiment methods are needed when
experiments are conducted to study such systems. Classic experimental design
methods are unsuitable here because they often focus on one type of response.
In this paper, we develop a Bayesian D-optimal design method for experiments
with one continuous and one binary response. Both noninformative and conjugate
informative prior distributions on the unknown parameters are considered. The
proposed design criterion has meaningful interpretations regarding the
D-optimality for the models for both types of responses. An efficient
point-exchange search algorithm is developed to construct the local D-optimal
designs for given parameter values. Global D-optimal designs are obtained by
accumulating the frequencies of the design points in local D-optimal designs,
where the parameters are sampled from the prior distributions. The performances
of the proposed methods are evaluated through two examples.


  External (hyper)magnetic field can modify the phase structure in U(1)
gauge+Higgs (Landau-Ginzburg) and SU(2)xU(1) gauge+Higgs (Standard Model)
theories. In this talk I discuss how the magnetic field can be implemented on
the lattice, and summarize the effects on symmetry breaking phase transitions.


  We consider systems of spatial random permutations, where permutations are
weighed according to the point locations. Infinite cycles are present at high
densities. The critical density is given by an exact expression. We discuss the
relation between the model of spatial permutations and the ideal and
interacting quantum Bose gas.


  A multi-agent partially observable Markov decision process (MPOMDP) is a
modeling paradigm used for high-level planning of heterogeneous autonomous
agents subject to uncertainty and partial observation. Despite their modeling
efficiency, MPOMDPs have not received significant attention in safety-critical
settings. In this paper, we use barrier functions to design policies for
MPOMDPs that ensure safety. Notably, our method does not rely on discretization
of the belief space, or finite memory. To this end, we formulate sufficient and
necessary conditions for the safety of a given set based on discrete-time
barrier functions (DTBFs) and we demonstrate that our formulation also allows
for Boolean compositions of DTBFs for representing more complicated safe sets.
We show that the proposed method can be implemented online by a sequence of
one-step greedy algorithms as a standalone safe controller or as a
safety-filter given a nominal planning policy. We illustrate the efficiency of
the proposed methodology based on DTBFs using a high-fidelity simulation of
heterogeneous robots.


  Recent years have seen an emergence of network modeling applied to moods,
attitudes, and problems in the realm of psychology. In this framework,
psychological variables are understood to directly affect each other rather
than being caused by an unobserved latent entity. In this tutorial, we
introduce the reader to estimating the most popular network model for
psychological data: the partial correlation network. We describe how
regularization techniques can be used to efficiently estimate a parsimonious
and interpretable network structure in psychological data. We show how to
perform these analyses in R and demonstrate the method in an empirical example
on post-traumatic stress disorder data. In addition, we discuss the effect of
the hyperparameter that needs to be manually set by the researcher, how to
handle non-normal data, how to determine the required sample size for a network
analysis, and provide a checklist with potential solutions for problems that
can arise when estimating regularized partial correlation networks.


  Copolymers such as PCDTBT
(poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-
2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole))) are commonly employed as donor material in bulk
heterojunction solar cells. Recently, chemical defects such as homocouplings
have been shown to form at the material synthesis stage, strongly reducing the
short circuit current in organic photovoltaics. Here we show that both, low
molecular weight and homocoupling defects reduce the short circuit current of
solar cells because of limited exciton diffusion. We propose a model that
unites and explains the influence of both chemical parameters with the
distribution of conjugation lengths. The connection between limited exciton
diffusion and short circuit current is revealed by kinetic Monte Carlo
simulation of bulk heterojunctions. Our findings are likely applicable for
copolymers in general.


  The paper shows how the diffusive movement of ions through a channel protein
can be described as a chemical reaction over an arbitrary shaped potential
barrier. The result is simple and intuitive but without approximation beyond
the electrodiffusion description of ion movement.


  Patchy colloids are promising candidates for building blocks in directed
self-assembly. To be successful the surface patterns need to both be simple
enough to be synthesized, while feature-rich enough to cause the colloids to
self-assemble into desired structures. Achieving this is a challenge for
traditional synthesis methods. Recently it has been suggested that the surface
pattern themselves can be made to self-assemble. In this paper we show that a
wide range of functional structures can be made to self-assemble using this
approach. More generally we present a design path for hierarchical targeted
self-assembly of patchy colloids. At the level of the surface structure, we use
a predictive method utilizing universality of patterns of stripes and spots,
coupled with stoichiometric constraints, to cause highly specific and
functional patterns to self-assemble on spherical surfaces. We use a
minimalistic model of an alkanethiol on gold as a model system and demonstrate
that, even with limited control over the interaction between surface
constituents, we can obtain patterns that causes the colloids themselves to
self-assemble into various complex geometric structures. We demonstrate how
variations of the same design path cause in-silico self-assembly of strings,
membranes, cubic and spherical aggregates, as well as various crystalline
patterns.


  We investigate a contribution of the $d$ wave to the cross section of
$e^+e^-$ annihilation to the pair of charged leptons or nucleons close to
threshold of the process. In contrast to the point of view accepted in
literature, due to the Coulomb final state interaction this contribution does
not vanish even at zero relative velocity of produced particles. This results
in the nonzero asymmetry in angular distribution at threshold. Though value of
the asymmetry is small, observation of this effect is not hopeless.


  Using the freedom in SO(10) GUT's one can generalize the existing models
without changing the mass spectrum of fermions to obtain a significant
suppression of proton decay resulting from the baryon number violating
operators of dimension 5. In some limiting cases, their contributions can be
made negligible compared to the dimension 6 operators resulting from the heavy
gauge bosons exchange.


  In this paper, we systematically study spherically symmetric static
spacetimes in the framework of Einstein-aether theory, and pay particular
attention to the existence of black holes (BHs). In the present studies we
first clarify several subtle issues. In particular, we find that, out of the
five non-trivial field equations, only three are independent, so the problem is
well-posed, as now generically there are only three unknown functions, {$F(r),
B(r), A(r)$, where $F$ and $B$ are metric coefficients, and $A$ describes the
aether field.} In addition, the two second-order differential equations for $A$
and $F$ are independent of $B$, and once they are found, $B$ is given simply by
an algebraic expression of $F,\; A$ and their derivatives. To simplify the
problem further, we explore the symmetry of field redefinitions, and work first
with the redefined metric and aether field, and then obtain the physical ones
by the inverse transformations. These clarifications significantly simplify the
computational labor, which is important, as the problem is highly involved
mathematically. In fact, it is exactly because of these, we find various
numerical BH solutions with an accuracy that is at least two orders higher than
previous ones. More important, these BH solutions are the only ones that
satisfy the self-consistent conditions and meantime are consistent with all the
observational constraints obtained so far. The locations of universal horizons
are also identified, together with several other observationally interesting
quantities, such as the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO), the ISCO
frequency, and the maximum redshift $z_{max}$ of a photon emitted by a source
orbiting the ISCO. All of these quantities are found to be quite close to their
relativistic limits.


  For a finite extension $F$ of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ and $n \geq 1$, let $D$ be the
division algebra over $F$ of invariant $1/n$ and let $G^0$ be the subgroup of
$\text{GL}_n(F)$ of elements with norm $1$ determinant. We show that the action
of $D^\times$ on the Drinfeld tower induces an equivalence of categories from
finite dimensional smooth representations of $D^\times$ to $G^0$-finite
$\text{GL}_n(F)$-equivariant vector bundles with connection on $\Omega$, the
$(n-1)$-dimensional Drinfeld symmetric space.


  We discuss the breakdown of perturbative unitarity of noncommutative quantum
field theories in electric-type background in the light of string theory. We
consider the analytic structure of string loop two-point functions using a
suitable off-shell continuation and then study the zero slope limit of Seiberg
and Witten. In this way we pick up how the unphysical tachyonic branch cut
appears in the noncommutative field theory. We briefly discuss discontinuities
and cutting rules for the full string theory amplitude and relate them to the
noncommutative field theoretical results, and also discuss the insight one
gains into the magnetic case too.


  Flares produce sudden and permanent changes in the horizontal photospheric
magnetic field. In particular flares generally produce increased magnetic shear
in the photospheric field along the neutral line. Recent observations show also
that flares can produce sudden photospheric motion. We present a model for the
observed changes as the response of the photosphere to a large-amplitude shear
Alfv\'{e}n wave propagating down from the corona on either side of the neutral
line. The Alfv\'{e}nic front is assumed to impact the photosphere close to the
neutral line first, and then successively further away with time, such that the
line of impact coincides with the flare ribbon. The wave introduces magnetic
shear and velocity shear. The magnetic shear introduced at the photosphere has
the same sign on either side of the neutral line, while the velocity shear has
the opposite sign. We discuss the possibility that this process is responsible
for particle acceleration in flares.


  One of the objectives of the vast physics programme of the recently
comissioned WASA-at-COSY facility is the study of fundamental symmetries via
the measurements of the eta and eta-prime mesons decays. Especially interesting
are isospin violating hadronic precesses of these mesons into 3pi systems
driven by the term of QCD Lagrangian which depends on the mass difference of
the u and d quarks. When an eta or an eta-prime meson is created in the
hadronic reaction signals from such decays may be significantly obscured by the
prompt production of pi mesons. In this thesis we present the estimation of the
upper limit of the background due to prompt pion production for the eta-prime
->3pi0 and eta-prime->pi+pi-pi decays. Using the data from proton-proton
collisions measured by the COSY-11 group we have extracted differential cross
sections for the multimeson production with the invariant mass corresponding to
the mass of the eta-prime meson. Based on these results and on parametrizations
of the total cross sections for the eta-prime meson as well as parametrization
of the upper limit for the prompt pi+pi-pi0 production in the collisions of
protons we discuss in details the feasibility of a measurement of the eta-prime
meson decay into 3pi channels with the WASA-at-COSY facility. Based on the
chiral unitary approach the value of the branching ratio
BR(eta-prime->pi+pi-pi0) was recently predicted to be about 1%. We show that
the WASA-at-COSY has a potential to verify this result empirically.


  It is known that Dirac nodes can be present at high-symmetry points of
Brillouin zone only for certain space groups. For these cases, the effect of
strain is treated by symmetry considerations. The dependence of strain-induced
potentials on the strain tensor is found. In all but two cases, the
pseudomagnetic field potential is present. It can be used to control valley
currents.


  This study presents a novel thermocouple instrument designed for precise
temperature monitoring within biological tissues and cells, addressing a
significant gap in biological research. Constructed on a Silicon-On-Insulator
(SOI) substrate, the instrument employs doped silicon and chromium/gold
junctions, achieving a Seebeck coefficient of up to 447 uV/K, rapid response
times, high temperature accuracy, and the necessary durability for tissue
measurements. The cleanroom fabrication process yields a device featuring a
triangular sensing tip. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with COMSOL
Multiphysics, the research delves into the device's thermal time constant
within tissue environments. The device's efficacy in biological settings was
validated by measuring temperatures inside ex-vivo tissue samples. Our
findings, bolstered by FEA COMSOL simulations, confirm the device's robustness
and applicability in biological studies. This advancement in thermocouple
microneedle technology provides biologists with an instrument for accurately
tracking temperature fluctuations in tissues.


  Quark interaction with topologically non-trivial gluonic fields, instantons
and sphalerons, violates \P and \CP symmetry. In the strong magnetic field of a
non-central nuclear collision such interactions lead to the charge separation
along the magnetic field, the so called chiral magnetic effect, which manifests
local parity violations. An experimental observation of the chiral magnetic
effect would be a direct proof for the existence of such physics. Recent STAR
results on charge and the reaction plane dependent correlations are consistent
with theoretical expectations for the chiral magnetic effect. IIn this paper I
discuss different approaches to experimental study of the local parity
violation, and propose future measurements which can clarify the picture. In
particular I propose to use central body-body U+U collisions to disentangle
correlations due to chiral magnetic effect from possible background
correlations due to elliptic flow. Further more quantitative studies can be
performed with collision of isobaric beams.


  The present paper focuses on the eclipsing binary KIC 8553788 which belongs
to two different types of binary systems regarding its physical properties. In
particular, it is one of the 71 oscillating stars of Algol type that have been
discovered so far and one of the six that have been published based on high
cadence data of the Kepler mission. In addition, it is one of the four
semi-detached binaries of the group of R CMa type systems, while its pulsating
component has the fourth fastest frequency among the delta Scuti stars-members
of semi-detached binaries. Detailed light curves, spectroscopic and pulsation
analyses are presented, while possible explanation scenarios for the evolution
of the system involving past mass transfer, mass loss and/or angular momentum
loss due to the presence of a tertiary component are discussed. The goal of the
study is to extract the pulsational characteristics of the oscillating star of
the system, to estimate the absolute parameters of its components and to
provide possible explanation for its extreme evolutionary status. The results
show that the primary component of the system is of A8 spectral type, has a
mass of 1.6 M_sun, and a radius of 2 R_sun. It is a relatively fast pulsator
that oscillates in 89 frequency modes with the dominant one to be 58.26 c/d.
The secondary component has a mass of only 0.07 M_sun, a radius of 1 R_sun, and
a temperature of 4400 K. KIC 8553788 according to its geometrical configuration
and its pulsational properties belongs to the group of the oscillating stars of
Algol type, while according to its very low mass ratio and its relatively short
orbital period belongs also to the group of R CMa stars. If confirmed by radial
velocity data of the secondary component, the system would have the lowest mass
ratio that has ever been found in semi-detached systems and it can be
considered as one of the most extreme cases.


  In arXiv:hep-ph/9812339 the probabilities of point events in space 3 + 1 obey
an equation of Dirac type . Masses, moments, energies, spins, etc. are the
parameters of the probability distribution of such events. The terms and
equations of quark-gluon theories turn out theoretically probabilistic terms
and theorems. Confinement and asymptotic freedom are explained by behaviour of
such probabolities. And here we have the probabilistic foundations of the
theory of gravitation. In these article the Dark Matter and Dark Energy
phenomenoms are explained by these results. Knowledge of the elements of linear
algebra and differential calculus is sufficient to understand the content of
this article


  Grid computing consists of the coordinated use of large sets of diverse,
geographically distributed resources for high performance computation.
Effective monitoring of these computing resources is extremely important to
allow efficient use on the Grid. The large number of heterogeneous computing
entities available in Grids makes the task challenging. In this work, we
describe a Grid monitoring system, called GridMonitor, that captures and makes
available the most important information from a large computing facility. The
Grid monitoring system consists of four tiers: local monitoring, archiving,
publishing and harnessing. This architecture was applied on a large scale linux
farm and network infrastructure. It can be used by many higher-level Grid
services including scheduling services and resource brokering.


  We give some restricted sum formulas for double zeta values whose arguments
satisfy certain congruence conditions modulo 2 or 6, and also give an
application to identities showed by Ramanujan for sums of products of Bernoulli
numbers with a gap of 6.


  A circuit architecture is proposed and implemented for a dynamical network
composed of a type of hybrid chaotic oscillator based on Unstable Dissipative
Systems (UDS). The circuit architecture allows selecting a network topology
with its link attributes and to study, experimentally, the practical
synchronous collective behavior phenomena. Additionally, based on the theory of
dynamical networks, a mathematical model of the circuit was described, taking
into account the natural tolerance of the electronic components. The network is
analyzed both numerically and experimentally according to the parameters
mismatch between nodes.


  With adaptive optics imaging at Keck observatory, we have discovered a
substellar companion to the F6 Pleiades star HD 23514, one of the dustiest
main-sequence stars known to date (L_{IR}/L_{*}~2%). This is one of the first
brown dwarfs discovered as a companion to a star in the Pleiades. The 0.06
M$_\odot$ late-M secondary has a projected separation of ~360 AU. The scarcity
of substellar companions to stellar primaries in the Pleiades combined with the
extremely dusty environment make this a unique system to study.


  The advent of milli-kelvin scanning tunneling microscopes (STM) with inbuilt
magnetic fields has opened access to the study of magnetic phenomena with
atomic resolution at surfaces. In the case of single atoms adsorbed on a
surface, the existence of different magnetic energy levels localized on the
adsorbate is due to the breaking of the rotational invariance of the adsorbate
spin by the interaction with its environment, leading to energy terms in the
meV range. These structures were revealed by STM experiments in IBM Almaden in
the early 2000's for atomic adsorbates on CuN surfaces. The experiments
consisted in the study of the changes in conductance caused by inelastic
tunnelling of electrons (IETS, Inelastic Electron Tunnelling Spectroscopy).
Manganese and Iron adatoms were shown to have different magnetic anisotropies
induced by the substrate. More experiments by other groups followed up, showing
that magnetic excitations could be detected in a variety of systems: e.g.
complex organic molecules showed that their magnetic anistropy was dependent on
the molecular environment, piles of magnetic molecules showed that they
interact via intermolecular exchange interaction, spin waves were excited on
ferromagnetic surfaces and in Mn chains, and magnetic impurities have been
analyzed on semiconductors. These experiments brought up some intriguing
questions: the efficiency of magnetic excitations was very high, the
excitations could or could not involve spin flip of the exciting electron and
singular-like behavior was sometimes found at the excitation thresholds. These
facts called for extended theoretical analysis; perturbation theories,
sudden-approximation approaches and a strong coupling scheme successfully
explained most of the magnetic inelastic processes. In addition, many-body
approaches were also used to decipher the interplay between inelas


  Random walk on discrete lattice models is important to understand various
types of transport processes. The extreme events, defined as exceedences of the
flux of walkers above a prescribed threshold, have been studied recently in the
context of complex networks. This was motivated by the occurrence of rare
events such as traffic jams, floods, and power black-outs which take place on
networks. In this work, we study extreme events in a generalized random walk
model in which the walk is preferentially biased by the network topology. The
walkers preferentially choose to hop toward the hubs or small degree nodes. In
this setting, we show that extremely large fluctuations in event-sizes are
possible on small degree nodes when the walkers are biased toward the hubs. In
particular, we obtain the distribution of event-sizes on the network. Further,
the probability for the occurrence of extreme events on any node in the network
depends on its 'generalized strength', a measure of the ability of a node to
attract walkers. The 'generalized strength' is a function of the degree of the
node and that of its nearest neighbors. We obtain analytical and simulation
results for the probability of occurrence of extreme events on the nodes of a
network using a generalized random walk model. The result reveals that the
nodes with a larger value of 'generalized strength', on average, display lower
probability for the occurrence of extreme events compared to the nodes with
lower values of 'generalized strength'.