  Previous works on the CERT insider threat detection case have neglected graph
and text features despite their relevance to describe user behavior.
Additionally, existing systems heavily rely on feature engineering and audit
data aggregation to detect malicious activities. This is time consuming,
requires expert knowledge and prevents tracing back alerts to precise user
actions. To address these issues we introduce ADSAGE to detect anomalies in
audit log events modeled as graph edges. Our general method is the first to
perform anomaly detection at edge level while supporting both edge sequences
and attributes, which can be numeric, categorical or even text. We describe how
ADSAGE can be used for fine-grained, event level insider threat detection in
different audit logs from the CERT use case. Remarking that there is no
standard benchmark for the CERT problem, we use a previously proposed
evaluation setting based on realistic recall-based metrics. We evaluate ADSAGE
on authentication, email traffic and web browsing logs from the CERT insider
threat datasets, as well as on real-world authentication events. ADSAGE is
effective to detect anomalies in authentications, modeled as user to computer
interactions, and in email communications. Simple baselines give surprisingly
strong results as well. We also report performance split by malicious scenarios
present in the CERT datasets: interestingly, several detectors are
complementary and could be combined to improve detection. Overall, our results
show that graph features are informative to characterize malicious insider
activities, and that detection at fine-grained level is possible.


  A model problem of the form -i\epsilon y''+q(x)y=\lambda y, y(-1)=y(1)=0, is
associated with well-known in hydrodynamics Orr--Sommerfeld operator. Here
(\lambda) is the spectral parameter, (\epsilon) is the small parameter which is
proportional to the viscocity of the liquid and to the reciprocal of the
Reynolds number, and (q(x)) is the velocity of the stationary flow of the
liquid in the channel (|x|\leqslant 1). We study the behaviour of the spectrum
of the corresponding model operator as (\epsilon\to 0) with monotonous analytic
functions. We assert that the sets of the accumulation points of the spectra
(the limit spectral graphs) of the model and the corresponding Orr--Sommerfeld
operators coincide as well as the main terms of the counting eigenvalue
functions along the curves of the graphs. We prove the estimate from below for
the resolvent of the operator (L(\epsilon)) associated with the model problem.
It turns out that the resolvent grows exponentially with respect to (\epsilon)
provided that the spectral parameter varies at some compacts belonging to the
numerical range of the operator.


  We present results of searches for vector and pseudo-scalar bosonic
super-WIMPs, which are dark matter candidates with masses at the keV-scale,
with the XENON100 experiment. XENON100 is a dual-phase xenon time projection
chamber operated at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. A profile
likelihood analysis of data with an exposure of 224.6 live days $\times$ 34\,kg
showed no evidence for a signal above the expected background. We thus obtain
new and stringent upper limits in the $(8-125)$\,keV/c$^2$ mass range,
excluding couplings to electrons with coupling constants of $g_{ae} >
3\times10^{-13}$ for pseudo-scalar and $\alpha'/\alpha > 2\times10^{-28}$ for
vector super-WIMPs, respectively. These limits are derived under the assumption
that super-WIMPs constitute all of the dark matter in our galaxy.


  Information extraction from document images has received a lot of attention
recently, due to the need for digitizing a large volume of unstructured
documents such as invoices, receipts, bank transfers, etc. In this paper, we
propose a novel deep learning architecture for end-to-end information
extraction on the 2D character-grid embedding of the document, namely the
\textit{Multi-Stage Attentional U-Net}. To effectively capture the textual and
spatial relations between 2D elements, our model leverages a specialized
multi-stage encoder-decoders design, in conjunction with efficient uses of the
self-attention mechanism and the box convolution. Experimental results on
different datasets show that our model outperforms the baseline U-Net
architecture by a large margin while using 40\% fewer parameters. Moreover, it
also significantly improved the baseline in erroneous OCR and limited training
data scenario, thus becomes practical for real-world applications.


  We study one-magnon excitations in a random ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain
with long-range correlations in the coupling constant distribution. By
employing an exact diagonalization procedure, we compute the localization
length of all one-magnon states within the band of allowed energies $E$. The
random distribution of coupling constants was assumed to have a power spectrum
decaying as $S(k)\propto 1/k^{\alpha}$. We found that for $\alpha < 1$,
one-magnon excitations remain exponentially localized with the localization
length $\xi$ diverging as 1/E. For $\alpha = 1$ a faster divergence of $\xi$ is
obtained. For any $\alpha > 1$, a phase of delocalized magnons emerges at the
bottom of the band. We characterize the scaling behavior of the localization
length on all regimes and relate it with the scaling properties of the
long-range correlated exchange coupling distribution.


  We study Lie-Poisson actions on symplectic manifolds. We show that they are
generated by non-Abelian Hamiltonians. We apply this result to the group of
dressing transformations in soliton theories; we find that the non-Abelian
Hamiltonian is just the monodromy matrix. This provides a new proof of their
Lie-Poisson property. We show that the dressing transformations are the
classical precursors of the non-local and quantum group symmetries of these
theories. We treat in detail the examples of the Toda field theories and the
Heisenberg model.


  We lay the theoretical basis for one-bead microrheology with rotating
particles, i.e, a method where colloids are used to probe the mechanical
properties of viscoelastic media. Based on a two-fluid model, we calculate the
compliance and discuss it for two cases. We first assume that the elastic and
fluid component exhibit both stick boundary conditions at the particle surface.
Then, the compliance fulfills a generalized Stokes law with a complex shear
modulus whose validity is only limited by inertial effects, in contrast to
translational motion. Secondly, we find that the validity of the Stokes regime
is reduced when the elastic network is not coupled to the particle


  An Ulam sequence U(1,n) is defined as the sequence starting with integers 1,n
such that n > 1, and such that every subsequent term is the smallest integer
that can be written as the sum of distinct previous terms in exactly one way.
This family of sequences is notable for being the subject of several remarkable
rigidity conjectures. We introduce an analogous notion of an Ulam sequence
inside the polynomial ring Z[X], and use it both to give new, constructive
proofs of old results as well as producing a new conjecture that implies many
of the other existing conjectures.


  Mobile crowdsourced sensing (MCS) is a new paradigm which takes advantage of
the pervasive smartphones to efficiently collect data, enabling numerous novel
applications. To achieve good service quality for a MCS application, incentive
mechanisms are necessary to attract more user participation. Most of existing
mechanisms apply only for the offline scenario where all users' information are
known a priori. On the contrary, we focus on a more real scenario where users
arrive one by one online in a random order. We model the problem as an online
auction in which the users submit their private types to the crowdsourcer over
time, and the crowdsourcer aims to select a subset of users before a specified
deadline for maximizing the total value of the services provided by selected
users under a budget constraint. We design two online mechanisms, OMZ and OMG,
satisfying the computational efficiency, individual rationality, budget
feasibility, truthfulness, consumer sovereignty and constant competitiveness
under the zero arrival-departure interval case and a more general case,
respectively. Through extensive simulations, we evaluate the performance and
validate the theoretical properties of our online mechanisms.


  In this work we study the interplay between the dynamics of a model of
diffusion governed by a mechanism of imitation and its underlying structure.
The dynamics of the model can be quantified by a macroscopic observable which
permits the characterization of an optimal regime. We show that dynamics and
underlying network cannot be considered as separated ingredients in order to
achieve an optimal behavior.


  We present a microscopic study on the impact of doping on the carrier
dynamics in graphene, in particular focusing on its influence on the
technologically relevant carrier multiplication in realistic, doped graphene
samples. Treating the time- and momentum-resolved carrier-light,
carrier-carrier, and carrier-phonon interactions on the same microscopic
footing, the appearance of Auger-induced carrier multiplication up to a Fermi
level of 300 meV is revealed. Furthermore, we show that doping favors the
so-called hot carrier multiplication occurring within one band. Our results are
directly compared to recent time-resolved ARPES measurements and exhibit an
excellent agreement on the temporal evolution of the hot carrier multiplication
for n- and p-doped graphene. The gained insights shed light on the ultrafast
carrier dynamics in realistic, doped graphene samples


  We introduce the concept of a $k$-token signed graph and study some of its
combinatorial and algebraic properties. We prove that two switching isomorphic
signed graphs have switching isomorphic token graphs. Moreover, we show that
the Laplacian spectrum of a balanced signed graph is contained in the Laplacian
spectra of its $k$-token signed graph. Besides, we introduce and study the
unbalance level of a signed graph, which is a new parameter that measures how
far a signed graph is from being balanced. Moreover, we study the relation
between the frustration index and the unbalance level of signed graphs and
their token signed graphs.


  The benefits that can be derived from reusing software include accelerated
development, reduced cost, reduced risk and effective use of specialists. Reuse
of software artifacts during the initial stages of software development
increases reuse benefits, because it allows subsequent reuse of later stage
artifacts derived from earlier artifacts. UML is the de facto modeling language
used by software developers during the initial stages of software development
such as requirements engineering, architectural and detailed design. This
survey analyzes previous works on UML artifacts reuse. The analysis considers
four perspectives: retrieval method, artifact support, tool support and
experiments performed. As an outcome of the analysis, some suggestions for
future work on UML artifacts reuse are also provided


  Non-resonant circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation can exert torques
on magnetization by the Inverse Faraday Effect (IFE). Here we discuss the
enhancement of IFE by spin-orbit interactions (SOI). We illustrate the
principle by studying a simple generic model system, i.e. the quasi-1D ring in
the presence of linear/cubic Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions. We combine
the classical IFE in electron plasmas that is known to cause persistent
currents in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of
light with the concept of current and spin-orbit-induced spin transfer torques.
We calculate light-induced spin polarization that in ferromagnets might give
rise to magnetization switching.


  The operator semirings of a $\Gamma$-semiring have been brought into use to
study $\Gamma$-semiring in terms of fuzzy subsets. This is accomplished by
obtaining various relationships between the set of all fuzzy ideals of a
$\Gamma$-semiring and the set of all fuzzy ideals of its left operator semiring
such as lattice isomorphism between the sets of fuzzy ideals of a
$\Gamma$-semiring and its operator semirings.


  We consider a dynamic content caching framework; contents are getting updated
at the central server, and a subset of contents are cached at the local cache
associated with a Base station (BS). When a request comes, based on whether the
content is in the local cache, the BS can decide whether to fetch the content
from the central server or serve the cached version from the local cache.
Fetching a content incurs a fixed fetching cost, and serving the cached version
incurs ageing cost, proportional to the age-of-version (AoV) of the content.
AoV is a freshness metric that counts the number of updates at the central
server since the content is being fetched. We aim to minimize the average costs
(fetching cost and ageing cost) subject to cache capacity constraints. This
cost minimization problem is a continuous time restless multiarmed bandit
process (RMAB). The single content problem of the corresponding RMAB is a
partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) since the BS can only see
the AoV of the cached contents if it fetches the content. We reformulate the
POMDP as a semi-Markov decision process and provide a Whittle index based
solution to this problem. Finally, we compare the performance with recent work
and show that our proposed policy is optimal via simulations.


  We study behavior of a measure on $[0,\infty)$ by considering its Laplace
transform. If it is possible to extend the Laplace transform to a complex
half-plane containing the imaginary axis, then the exponential decay of the
tail of the measure occurs and under certain assumptions we show that the rate
of the decay is given by the so called abscissa of convergence and extend the
result of Nakagawa from [Nak05]. Under stronger assumptions we give behavior of
density of the measure by considering its Laplace transform. In situations when
there is no exponential decay we study occurrence of heavy tails and give an
application in the theory of non-local equations.


  Being the backbone element of DNA, phosphorus is a key component in the
search for life in the Universe. To aid in its detection, we present line
emissivity ratios for the five lowest-lying forbidden [P~II] transitions,
namely those among the levels $3s^23p^2(^3P_0,^3P_1, ^3P_2,^1D_2,^1S_0)$. The
wavelengths range between 0.44-70 \mum, and several lie within the
spectroscopic domain observable with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
These line ratios have been calculated using a new
collisional-radiative-recombination (CRR) model combining calculated collision
strengths and level-specific recombination rate coefficients; with both
datasets computed using the accurate Breit-Pauli R-Matrix method. The CRR model
includes a new scheme for \eion recombination to emission line formation. We
compare its effect to models incorporating only electron impact excitation and
spontaneous radiative decay. We find that electron-ion recombination has a
significant impact on all line ratios, and represents a major improvement in
physical accuracy of emission line models.


  Vision Transformer (ViT) has demonstrated promising performance in computer
vision tasks, comparable to state-of-the-art neural networks. Yet, this new
type of deep neural network architecture is vulnerable to adversarial attacks
limiting its capabilities in terms of robustness. This article presents a novel
contribution aimed at further improving the accuracy and robustness of ViT,
particularly in the face of adversarial attacks. We propose an augmentation
technique called `Dynamic Scanning Augmentation' that leverages dynamic input
sequences to adaptively focus on different patches, thereby maintaining
performance and robustness. Our detailed investigations reveal that this
adaptability to the input sequence induces significant changes in the attention
mechanism of ViT, even for the same image. We introduce four variations of
Dynamic Scanning Augmentation, outperforming ViT in terms of both robustness to
adversarial attacks and accuracy against natural images, with one variant
showing comparable results. By integrating our augmentation technique, we
observe a substantial increase in ViT's robustness, improving it from $17\%$ to
$92\%$ measured across different types of adversarial attacks. These findings,
together with other comprehensive tests, indicate that Dynamic Scanning
Augmentation enhances accuracy and robustness by promoting a more adaptive type
of attention. In conclusion, this work contributes to the ongoing research on
Vision Transformers by introducing Dynamic Scanning Augmentation as a technique
for improving the accuracy and robustness of ViT. The observed results
highlight the potential of this approach in advancing computer vision tasks and
merit further exploration in future studies.


  Dynamical capture is a possible formation channel for BBH mergers leading to
highly eccentric merger dynamics and to gravitational wave (GW) signals that
are morphologically different from those of quasi-circular mergers. The future
detection of these mergers by ground-based or space-based GW interferometers
can provide invaluable insights on astrophysical black holes, but it requires
precise predictions and dedicated waveform models for the analysis. We present
a state-of-the-art effective-one-body (EOB) model for the multipolar
merger-ringdown waveform from dynamical capture black-hole mergers with
arbitrary mass-ratio and nonprecessing spins. The model relies on analytical
descriptions of the radiation reaction and waveform along generic orbits that
are obtained by incorporating generic Newtonian prefactors in the expressions
used in the quasi-circular case. It provides a tool for generating waveforms
for generic binary black hole coalescences and for GW data analysis. We
demonstrate that the model reliably accounts for the rich phenomenology of
dynamical captures, from direct plunge to successive close encounters up to
merger. The parameter space is fully characterized in terms of the initial
energy and angular momentum. Our model reproduces to few percent the scattering
angle from ten equal-mass, nonspinning, hyperbolic encounter
numerical-relativity (NR) simulations. The agreement can be further improved to
the by incorporating 6PN-results in one of the EOB potentials and tuning
currently unknown analytical parameters. Our results suggest that NR
simulations of hyperbolic encounters (and dynamical captures) can be used to
inform EOB waveform models for generic BBH mergers/encounters for present and
future GW detectors.


  This paper aims to maximize optical force and torque on arbitrary micro- and
nano-scale objects using numerically optimized structured illumination. By
developing a numerical framework for computer-automated design of 3d
vector-field illumination, we demonstrate a 20-fold enhancement in optical
torque per intensity over circularly polarized plane wave on a model plasmonic
particle. The nonconvex optimization is efficiently performed by combining a
compact cylindrical Bessel basis representation with a fast boundary element
method and a standard derivative-free, local optimization algorithm. We analyze
the optimization results for 2000 random initial configurations, discuss the
tradeoff between robustness and enhancement, and compare the different effects
of multipolar plasmon resonances on enhancing force and torque. All results are
obtained using open-source computational software available online.


  When one of the parameters in the Euler-Lagrange equations of motion of a
system is modulated, particles can be generated out of the quantum vacuum. This
phenomenon is known as the dynamical Casimir effect, and it was recently
realized experimentally in systems of superconducting circuits, for example by
using modulated resonators made of coplanar waveguides, or arrays of
superconducting quantum intereference devices (SQUIDs) forming a Josephson
metamaterial. In this paper, we consider a simple electrical circuit model for
dynamical Casimir effects, consisting of an LC resonator, with the inductor
modulated externally at 10.8 GHz and with the resonant frequency tunable over a
range of $\pm$ 400 MHz around 5.4 GHz. The circuit is analyzed classically
using a circuit simulator (APLAC). We demonstrate that if an additional source
of classical noise couples to the resonator (on top of the quantum vacuum), for
example via dissipative "internal modes", then the resulting spectrum of the
photons in the cavity will present two strongly asymmetric branches. However,
according to the theory of the dynamical Casimir effect, these branches should
be symmetric, a prediction which is confirmed by our experimental data. The
simulation presented here therefore shows that the origin of the photons
generated in our experiment with Josephson metamaterials is the quantum vacuum,
and not a spurious classical noise source.


  Due to the orbifold singularities, the intersection numbers on the moduli
space of curves $\bar{\sM}_{g,n}$ are in general rational numbers rather than
integers. We study the properties of the denominators of these intersection
numbers and their relationship with the orders of automorphism groups of stable
curves. In particular, we prove a conjecture of Itzykson and Zuber. We also
present a conjectural multinomial type numerical property for Hodge integrals.


  In this note we show that Jackson's criticism (hep-ph/0203076) of our work
"Necessity of simultaneous co-existence of..." is based on an inexact
understanding of the basic assumptions and conclusions of our work.


  Core collapse of massive stars leads to different fates for various physical
factors, which gives different spectra of the emitted neutrinos. We focus on
the supernova relic neutrinos (SRNs) as a probe to investigate the stellar
collapse fate. We present the SRN fluxes and event rate spectra at a detector
for three resultant states after stellar core collapse, the typical mass
neutron star, the higher mass neutron star, or the failed supernova forming a
black hole, based on different nuclear equations of state. Then possible SRN
fluxes are formed as mixtures of the three components. We also show the
expected sensitivities at the next-generation water-based Cherenkov detectors,
SK-Gd and Hyper-Kamiokande, as constraining the mixture fractions. This study
provides a practical example of extracting astrophysical constraints through
SRN measurement.


  We provide an algebraic framework to describe renormalization in regularity
structures based on multi-indices for a large class of semi-linear stochastic
PDEs. This framework is ``top-down", in the sense that we postulate the form of
the counterterm and use the renormalized equation to build a canonical smooth
model for it. The core of the construction is a generalization of the Hopf
algebra of derivations in [LOT23], which is extended beyond the structure group
to describe the model equation via an exponential map: This allows to implement
a renormalization procedure which resembles the preparation map approach in our
context.


  The emerging technologies for large scale data analysis raise new challenges
to the security and privacy of sensitive user data. In this work we investigate
the problem of private statistical analysis of time-series data in the
distributed and semi-honest setting. In particular, we study some properties of
Private Stream Aggregation (PSA), first introduced by Shi et al. 2017. This is
a computationally secure protocol for the collection and aggregation of data in
a distributed network and has a very small communication cost. In the
non-adaptive query model, a secure PSA scheme can be built upon any
key-homomorphic weak pseudo-random function as shown by Valovich 2017, yielding
security guarantees in the standard model which is in contrast to Shi et. al.
We show that every mechanism which preserves $(\epsilon,\delta)$-differential
privacy in effect preserves computational $(\epsilon,\delta)$-differential
privacy when it is executed through a secure PSA scheme. Furthermore, we
introduce a novel perturbation mechanism based on the symmetric Skellam
distribution that is suited for preserving differential privacy in the
distributed setting, and find that its performances in terms of privacy and
accuracy are comparable to those of previous solutions. On the other hand, we
leverage its specific properties to construct a computationally efficient
prospective post-quantum protocol for differentially private time-series data
analysis in the distributed model. The security of this protocol is based on
the hardness of a new variant of the Decisional Learning with Errors (DLWE)
problem. In this variant the errors are taken from the symmetric Skellam
distribution. We show that this new variant is hard based on the hardness of
the standard Learning with Errors (LWE) problem where the errors are taken from
the discrete Gaussian distribution. Thus, we provide a variant of the LWE
problem that is hard...


  The recently standardized millimeter wave-based 3GPP New Radio technology is
expected to become an enabler for both enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and
ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) services specified to future
5G systems. One of the first steps in mathematical modeling of such systems is
the characterization of the session resource request probability mass function
(pmf) as a function of the channel conditions, cell size, application demands,
user location and system parameters including modulation and coding schemes
employed at the air interface. Unfortunately, this pmf cannot be expressed via
elementary functions. In this paper, we develop an accurate approximation of
the sought pmf. First, we show that Normal distribution provides a fairly
accurate approximation to the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the
signal-to-noise ratio for communication systems operating in the millimeter
frequency band, further allowing evaluating the resource request pmf via error
function. We also investigate the impact of shadow fading on the resource
request pmf.


  Benjamini and Schramm introduced the notion of distributional limit of a
sequence of graphs with uniformly bounded valence and studied such limits in
the case that the involved graphs are planar. We investigate distributional
limits of sequences of Riemannian manifolds with bounded curvature which
satisfy certain condition of quasi-conformal nature. We then apply our results
to somewhat improve Benjamini's and Schramm's original result on the recurrence
of the simple random walk on limits of planar graphs. For instance, as an
application give a proof of the fact that for graphs in an expander family, the
genus of each graph is bounded from below by a linear function of the number of
vertices.


  We present a map between the tree-level Standard Model Effective Theory
(SMEFT) in the Warsaw basis and massive on-shell amplitudes. As a first step,
we focus on the electroweak sector without fermions. We describe the Feynman
rules for a particular choice of input scheme and compare them with the 3-point
massive amplitudes in the broken phase. Thereby we fix an on-shell basis which
allows us to study scattering amplitudes with recursion relations. We hope to
open up new avenues of exploration to a complete formulation of massive EFTs in
the on-shell language.


  We present a 3D hybrid method which combines the Finite Element Method (FEM)
and the Spectral Boundary Integral method (SBIM) to model nonlinear problems in
unbounded domains. The flexibility of FEM is used to model the complex,
heterogeneous, and nonlinear part -- such as the dynamic rupture along a fault
with near fault plasticity -- and the high accuracy and computational
efficiency of SBIM is used to simulate the exterior half spaces perfectly
truncating all incident waves. The exact truncation allows us to greatly reduce
the domain of spatial discretization compared to a traditional FEM approach,
leading to considerable savings in computational cost and memory requirements.
The coupling of FEM and SBIM is achieved by the exchange of traction and
displacement boundary conditions at the computationally defined boundary. The
method is suited to implementation on massively parallel computers. We validate
the developed method by means of a benchmark problem. Three more complex
examples with a low velocity fault zone, low velocity off-fault inclusion, and
interaction of multiple faults, respectively, demonstrate the capability of the
hybrid scheme in solving problems of very large sizes. Finally, we discuss
potential applications of the hybrid method for problems in geophysics and
engineering.


  Any autoencoder network can be turned into a generative model by imposing an
arbitrary prior distribution on its hidden code vector. Variational Autoencoder
(VAE) [2] uses a KL divergence penalty to impose the prior, whereas Adversarial
Autoencoder (AAE) [1] uses {\it generative adversarial networks} GAN [3]. GAN
trades the complexities of {\it sampling} algorithms with the complexities of
{\it searching} Nash equilibrium in minimax games. Such minimax architectures
get trained with the help of data examples and gradients flowing through a
generator and an adversary. A straightforward modification of AAE is to replace
the adversary with the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) test [4-5]. This
replacement leads to a new type of probabilistic autoencoder, which is also
discussed in our paper. We propose a novel probabilistic autoencoder in which
the adversary of AAE is replaced with a space of {\it stochastic} functions.
This replacement introduces a new source of randomness, which can be considered
as a continuous control for encouraging {\it explorations}. This prevents the
adversary from fitting too closely to the generator and therefore leads to a
more diverse set of generated samples.


  Let $\sigma=(\sigma_{1},\sigma_{2},\dots,\sigma_{n})\in \mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ and
$d\sigma$ denote the normalised Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{S}^{n-1},~n\geq
2$. For functions $f_1, f_2,\dots,f_n$ defined on $\R$ consider the multilinear
operator given by
$$T(f_{1},f_{2},\dots,f_{n})(x)=\int_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}\prod^{n}_{j=1}f_{j}(x-\sigma_j)d\sigma,
~x\in \R.$$ In this paper we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on
exponents $p_1,p_2,\dots,p_n$ and $r$ for which the operator $T$ is bounded
from $\prod_{j=1}^n L^{p_j}(\R)\rightarrow L^r(\R),$ where $1\leq p_j,r\leq
\infty, j=1,2,\dots,n.$ This generalizes the results obtained
in~\cite{jbak,oberlin}.


  The correction of closed orbit has great influence on the operation of
synchrotron. The design of correction system is one significant component of
lattice design. It is suggested to set BPMs at the peaks of betatron
oscillation. The correctors need to be located at the positions where \b{eta}
function is large or the sources of large errors. In the simulation of the
closed orbit correction of HIMM synchrotron, one important reason affecting the
result of horizontal correction is the longitudinal alignment error of dipole
magnet. It is advisable to decrease this kind of alignment error while the
deflection angle of dipole magnet is large.


  Testing the stability of the electroweak vacuum in any extension of the
Standard Model Higgs sector is of great importance to verify the consistency of
the theory. Multi-scalar extensions as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard
Model generically lead to unstable configurations in certain regions of
parameter space. An exact minimization of the scalar potential is rather an
impossible analytic task. To give handy analytic constraints, a specific
direction in field space has to be considered which is a simplification that
tends to miss excluded regions, however good to quickly check parameter points.
We describe a yet undescribed class of charge and color breaking minima as they
appear in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, exemplarily for the case
of non-vanishing bottom squark vacuum expectation values constraining the
combination mu Yb in a non-trivial way. Contrary to famous A-parameter bounds,
we relate the bottom Yukawa coupling with the supersymmetry breaking masses.
Another bound can be found relating soft breaking masses and mu only. The
exclusions follow from the tree-level minimization and can change dramatically
using the one-loop potential. Estimates of the lifetime of unstable
configurations show that they are either extremely short- or long-lived.


  In order to verify programs or hybrid systems, one often needs to prove that
certain formulas are unsatisfiable. In this paper, we consider conjunctions of
polynomial inequalities over the reals. Classical algorithms for deciding these
not only have high complexity, but also provide no simple proof of
unsatisfiability. Recently, a reduction of this problem to semidefinite
programming and numerical resolution has been proposed. In this article, we
show how this reduction generally produces degenerate problems on which
numerical methods stumble.


  As a result of the climate change the situation in Arctic area leads to
several important consequences. On the one hand, oil and gas resources can be
exploited much easier than before. Thus, one can already observe discussions on
disputed shelf zones where the deposits are located. On the other hand, oil and
gas excavation leads to serious potential threats to fishing by changing
natural habitats which in turn can create serious damage to the economies of
some countries in the region. Another set of problems arises due to the
extension of navigable season for Arctic Shipping Routes.


  In this manuscript, a parametrization of positive matrices together with some
of its many applications in quantum information theory is given.


  Multi-echo Chemical Shift Encoded methods for Fat-Water quantification are
growing in clinical use due to their ability to estimate and correct some
confounding effects. State of the art CSE water-fat separation approaches rely
on a multi-peak fat spectrum with peak frequencies and relative amplitudes kept
constant over the entire MRI dataset. However, the latter approximation
introduces a systematic error in fat percentage quantification in patients
where the differences in lipid chemical composition are significant, such as
for neuromuscular disorders, because of the spatial dependence of the peak
amplitudes. The present work aims to overcome this limitation by taking
advantage of an unsupervised clusterization-based approach offering a reliable
criterion to carry out a data-driven segmentation of the input MRI dataset into
multiple regions. The idea is to apply the clusterization for partitioning the
multi-echo MRI dataset into a finite number of clusters whose internal voxels
exhibit similar distance metrics. For each cluster, the estimation of the fat
spectral properties are evaluated with a self-calibration technique and finally
the fat-water percentages are computed via a non-linear fitting. The method is
tested in ad-hoc and public datasets. The overall performance and results in
terms of fitting accuracy, robustness and reproducibility are compared with
other state-of-the-art CSE algorithms. This approach provides a more accurate
and reproducible identification of chemical species, hence fat-water
separation, when compared with other calibrated and non-calibrated approaches.


  Continuum Monte-Carlo simulations at constant pressure are performed on short
chain molecules at surfaces. The rodlike chains, consisting of seven effective
monomers, are attached at one end to a flat twodimensional substrate. It is
found that the model exhibits phases similar to the liquid condensed and liquid
expanded phases of Langmuir monolayers. The model is investigated here for a
wide range of pressures and temperatures using a special form of constant
pressure simulation compatible with the symmetry breaking during tilting
transitions in the liquid condensed phases. At low pressures the chains undergo
a tilting transition exhibiting tilt directions towards nearest and also next
nearest neighbours depending on temperature. At elevated temperatures and low
pressure the film enters a fluidlike phase similar to whose surface area per
molecule is in rough quantitative agreement with that of the liquid expanded
phase observed in experiment.


  We study the problem of corrupted sensing, a generalization of compressed
sensing in which one aims to recover a signal from a collection of corrupted or
unreliable measurements. While an arbitrary signal cannot be recovered in the
face of arbitrary corruption, tractable recovery is possible when both signal
and corruption are suitably structured. We quantify the relationship between
signal recovery and two geometric measures of structure, the Gaussian
complexity of a tangent cone and the Gaussian distance to a subdifferential. We
take a convex programming approach to disentangling signal and corruption,
analyzing both penalized programs that trade off between signal and corruption
complexity, and constrained programs that bound the complexity of signal or
corruption when prior information is available. In each case, we provide
conditions for exact signal recovery from structured corruption and stable
signal recovery from structured corruption with added unstructured noise. Our
simulations demonstrate close agreement between our theoretical recovery bounds
and the sharp phase transitions observed in practice. In addition, we provide
new interpretable bounds for the Gaussian complexity of sparse vectors,
block-sparse vectors, and low-rank matrices, which lead to sharper guarantees
of recovery when combined with our results and those in the literature.


  We present new Gemini spectroscopical data of the Extended Emission-Line
Region of 3C~305 radio galaxy in order to achieve the final answer of the
long-standing question about the ionizing mechanism. The spectra show strong
kinematic disturbances within the most intense line-emitting region. The
relative intensities amongst the emission lines agree with the gas being
shocked during the interaction of the powerful radio jets with the ambient
medium. The emission from the recombination region acts as a very effective
cooling mechanism, which is supported by the presence of a neutral outflow.
However, the observed intensity is almost an order of magnitude lower than
expected in a pure shock model. So auto-ionizing shock models, in low-density
and low-abundance regime, are required in order to account for the observed
emission within the region. This scenario also supports the hypothesis that the
optical emitting gas and the X-ray plasma are in pressure balance.


  In this paper, we investigate the optimization of non-uniform linear antenna
arrays (NULAs) for millimeter wave (mmWave) line-of-sight (LoS) multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Our focus is on the maximization of the system
effective multiplexing gain (EMG), by optimizing the individual antenna
positions in the transmit/receive NULAs. Here the EMG is defined as the number
of signal streams that are practically supported by the channel at a finite
SNR. We first derive analytical expressions for the asymptotic channel
eigenvalues with arbitrarily deployed NULAs when, asymptotically, the
end-to-end distance is sufficiently large compared to the aperture sizes of the
transmit/receive NULAs. Based on the derived expressions, we prove that, the
asymptotically optimal NULA deployment that maximizes the achievable EMG should
follow the groupwise Fekete-point distribution. Specifically, the antennas
should be physically grouped into K separate uniform linear antenna arrays
(ULAs) with the minimum feasible antenna spacing within each ULA, where K is
the target EMG to be achieved; in addition, the centers of these K ULAs follow
the Fekete-point distribution. We numerically verify the asymptotic optimality
of such an NULA deployment and extend it to a groupwise projected arch type
(PAT) NULA deployment, which provides a more practical option for mmWave LoS
MIMO systems with realistic non-asymptotic configurations. Numerical examples
are provided to demonstrate a significant capacity gain of the optimized NULAs
over traditional ULAs.


  Many clinical tasks require an understanding of specialized data, such as
medical images and genomics, which is not typically found in general-purpose
large multimodal models. Building upon Gemini's multimodal models, we develop
several models within the new Med-Gemini family that inherit core capabilities
of Gemini and are optimized for medical use via fine-tuning with 2D and 3D
radiology, histopathology, ophthalmology, dermatology and genomic data.
Med-Gemini-2D sets a new standard for AI-based chest X-ray (CXR) report
generation based on expert evaluation, exceeding previous best results across
two separate datasets by an absolute margin of 1% and 12%, where 57% and 96% of
AI reports on normal cases, and 43% and 65% on abnormal cases, are evaluated as
"equivalent or better" than the original radiologists' reports. We demonstrate
the first ever large multimodal model-based report generation for 3D computed
tomography (CT) volumes using Med-Gemini-3D, with 53% of AI reports considered
clinically acceptable, although additional research is needed to meet expert
radiologist reporting quality. Beyond report generation, Med-Gemini-2D
surpasses the previous best performance in CXR visual question answering (VQA)
and performs well in CXR classification and radiology VQA, exceeding SoTA or
baselines on 17 of 20 tasks. In histopathology, ophthalmology, and dermatology
image classification, Med-Gemini-2D surpasses baselines across 18 out of 20
tasks and approaches task-specific model performance. Beyond imaging,
Med-Gemini-Polygenic outperforms the standard linear polygenic risk score-based
approach for disease risk prediction and generalizes to genetically correlated
diseases for which it has never been trained. Although further development and
evaluation are necessary in the safety-critical medical domain, our results
highlight the potential of Med-Gemini across a wide range of medical tasks.


  We performed numerical calculations of the local density of states (LDOS) at
disorder induced localization-delocalization transitions. The LDOS defines a
spatial measure for fixed energy and a spectral measure for fixed position. At
the mobility edge both measures are multifractal and their generalized
dimensions $D(q)$ and $\tilde{D}(q)$ are found to be proportional:
$D(q)=d\tilde{D}(q)$, where $d$ is the dimension of the system. This
observation is consistent with the identification of the frequency-dependent
length scale $L_\omega \propto \omega^{-1/d}$ as an effective system size. The
calculations are performed for two- and three-dimensional dynamical network
models with local time evolution operators. The energy dependence of the LDOS
is obtained from the time evolution of the local wavefunction amplitude of a
wave packet, providing a numerically efficient way to obtain information about
the multifractal exponents of the system.


  The plethysm coefficient $p(\nu, \mu, \lambda)$ is the multiplicity of the
Schur function $s_\lambda$ in the plethysm product $s_\nu \circ s_\mu$. In this
paper we use Schur--Weyl duality between wreath products of symmetric groups
and the ramified partition algebra to interpret an arbitrary plethysm
coefficient as the multiplicity of an appropriate composition factor in the
restriction of a module for the ramified partition algebra to the partition
algebra. This result implies new stability phenomenon for plethysm coefficients
when the first parts of $\nu$, $\mu$ and $\lambda$ are all large. In
particular, it gives the first positive formula in the case when $\nu$ and
$\lambda$ are arbitrary and $\mu$ has one part. Corollaries include new
explicit positive formulae and combinatorial interpretations for the plethysm
coefficients $p((n-b,b), (m), (mn-r,r))$, and $p((n-b,1^b), (m), (mn-r,r))$
when $m$ and $n$ are large.


  For maps from $S^3$ and $\RP^3$ into $S^2$ and $\RP^2$, we study the problem
of minimizing the root set by deforming the maps through homotopies. After
presenting the classification of the homotopy classes of such maps, we prove
that the minimal root set for a non null-homotopic map is either a circle or
the disjoint union of two circle, according its range is $S^2$ or $\RP^2$,
respectively.


  In this informal expository note, we present a universal, formulaic
construction of the free product of rigid $C^*$-2-categories. This construction
allows for a straightforward, purely categorical formulation of the free
composition of subfactors and planar algebras considered by Bisch and Jones. As
an application, we explain the results of Tarrago and Wahl on free wreath
products of compact quantum groups in this categorical language.


  We assign the chiral fermion fields of the Standard model to triplets of
flavor (family, generation, horizontal) $SU(3)_f$ symmetry, for anomaly freedom
add one triplet of sterile right-handed neutrino fields, and gauge that
symmetry. First we demonstrate that the resulting quantum flavor $SU(3)_f$
dynamics completely spontaneously self-breaks: Both the Majorana masses of
sterile neutrinos and the masses of all eight flavor gluons come out
proportional to the $SU(3)_f$ scale $\Lambda$. Mixing of sterile neutrinos
yields new CP-violating phases needed for understanding the baryon asymmetry of
the Universe. Second, the $SU(3)_f$ dynamics with weak hypercharge radiative
corrections spontaneously generates the lepton and quark masses exponentially
suppressed with respect to $\Lambda$. Three active neutrinos come out as
Majorana particles extremely light by seesaw. The Goldstone theorem implies:
(i) The electroweak bosons $W$ and $Z$ acquire masses. (ii) There are three
axions, decent candidates for dark matter. Invisibility of the Weinberg-Wilczek
axion $a$ with mass $m_a \sim \rm m^2_{\pi}/\Lambda$ restricts the scale
$\Lambda$ from $\Lambda \sim \rm 10^{10} GeV$ upwards. Third, the composite
'would-be' Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons of all spontaneously broken gauge
symmetries have their {\it genuine composite} massive partners: (i) One $0^{+}$
flavorless Higgs-like particle $h$ accompanying three electroweak 'would-be' NG
bosons. (ii) Two $0^{+}$ flavored Higgs-like particles $h_3$ and $h_8$
accompanying six flavored electroweak 'would-be' NG bosons. (iii) Three
superheavy spin-zero sterile-neutrino-composites $\chi_i$ accompanying eight
flavored sterile-neutrino-composite 'would-be' NG bosons. We identify $\chi_i$
with inflatons.


  We present that including the hadron loop effects could help us to understand
the spectrum of the heavier charmonium-like states and their decays
simultaneously. The observed states could be represented by the poles on the
complex energy plane. By coupling to the opened thresholds, the pole positions
are shifted from the bare states predicted in the quenched potential model to
the complex energy plane. The pole masses are generally pulled down from the
bare masses and the open-charm decay widths are related to the imaginary parts
of the pole positions. Moreover, we also analyze the pole trajectory of the
$\chi_{c1}(2P)$ state while the quark pair production rate from the vacuum
changes in its uncertainty region, which indicates that the enigmatic X(3872)
state may be regarded as a $1^{++}$ $c\bar{c}$ charmonium-dominated state
dressed by the hadron loops as the others.


  This work presents numerical techniques to enforce continuity constraints on
multi-patch surfaces for three distinct problem classes. The first involves
structural analysis of thin shells that are described by general Kirchhoff-Love
kinematics. Their governing equation is a vector-valued, fourth-order,
nonlinear, partial differential equation (PDE) that requires at least
$C^1$-continuity within a displacement-based finite element formulation. The
second class are surface phase separations modeled by a phase field. Their
governing equation is the Cahn-Hilliard equation - a scalar, fourth-order,
nonlinear PDE - that can be coupled to the thin shell PDE. The third class are
brittle fracture processes modeled by a phase field approach. In this work,
these are described by a scalar, fourth-order, nonlinear PDE that is similar to
the Cahn-Hilliard equation and is also coupled to the thin shell PDE. Using a
direct finite element discretization, the two phase field equations also
require at least a $C^1$-continuous formulation. Isogeometric surface
discretizations - often composed of multiple patches - thus require constraints
that enforce the $C^1$-continuity of displacement and phase field. For this,
two numerical strategies are presented: For this, two numerical strategies are
presented: A Lagrange multiplier formulation and a penalty method. The
curvilinear shell model including the geometrical constraints is taken from
Duong et al. (2017) and it is extended to model the coupled phase field
problems on thin shells of Zimmermann et al. (2019) and Paul et al. (2020) on
multi-patches. Their accuracy and convergence are illustrated by several
numerical examples considering deforming shells, phase separations on evolving
surfaces, and dynamic brittle fracture of thin shells.


  Radio communication over interstellar distances is studied, accounting for
noise, dispersion, scattering and motion. Large transmitted powers suggest
maximizing power efficiency (ratio of information rate to average signal power)
as opposed to restricting bandwidth. The fundamental limit to reliable
communication is determined, and is not affected by carrier frequency,
dispersion, scattering, or motion. The available efficiency is limited by noise
alone, and the available information rate is limited by noise and available
average power. A set of five design principles (well within our own
technological capability) can asymptotically approach the fundamental limit; no
other civilization can achieve greater efficiency. Bandwidth can be expanded in
a way that avoids invoking impairment by dispersion or scattering. The
resulting power-efficient signals have characteristics very different from
current SETI targets, with wide bandwidth relative to the information rate and
a sparse distribution of energy in both time and frequency. Information-free
beacons achieving the lowest average power consistent with a given receiver
observation time are studied. They need not have wide bandwidth, but do
distribute energy more sparsely in time as average power is reduced. The
discovery of both beacons and information-bearing signals is analyzed, and most
closely resembles approaches that have been employed in optical SETI. No
processing is needed to account for impairments other than noise. A direct
statistical tradeoff between a larger number of observations and a lower
average power (including due to lower information rate) is established. The
"false alarms" in current searches are characteristic signatures of these
signals. Joint searches for beacons and information-bearing signals require
straightforward modifications to current SETI pattern recognition approaches.


  Energies of graphene nanocones with 1 to 5 pentagonal disclinations are
studied on an atomically detailed level. The numerical results are interpreted
in terms of three different contributions to the cone energy: the core
disclination energy, the bending energy of the cone surface, and the ''line
tension'' energy of the cone edge that is related to different coordination of
carbon atoms situated at the edge. This continuum description allows for a
construction of analytic expressions for the cone energetics and indicates
different regimes of cone sizes in which cones with a particular number of
disclinations are preferred energywise. An important result of the study is
that the energetics of various types of cones profoundly depends upon whether
the dangling carbon bonds at the cone basis are saturated by hydrogen atoms or
not. This may be of use for explaining the differences in the yields of various
cone types in different production processes.


  In this paper we address the interplay among intention, time, and belief in
dynamic environments. The first contribution is a logic for reasoning about
intention, time and belief, in which assumptions of intentions are represented
by preconditions of intended actions. Intentions and beliefs are coherent as
long as these assumptions are not violated, i.e. as long as intended actions
can be performed such that their preconditions hold as well. The second
contribution is the formalization of what-if scenarios: what happens with
intentions and beliefs if a new (possibly conflicting) intention is adopted, or
a new fact is learned? An agent is committed to its intended actions as long as
its belief-intention database is coherent. We conceptualize intention as
commitment toward time and we develop AGM-based postulates for the iterated
revision of belief-intention databases, and we prove a Katsuno-Mendelzon-style
representation theorem.


  We report the capability to simulate in a quantum mechanical tight-binding
(TB) atomistic fashion NW devices featuring several hundred to millions of
atoms and diameter up to 18 nm. Such simulations go far beyond what is
typically affordable with today's supercomputers using a traditional real space
(RS) TB Hamiltonian technique. We have employed an innovative TB mode space
(MS) technique instead and demonstrate large speedup (up to 10,000x) while
keeping good accuracy (error smaller than 1 percent) compared to the RS NEGF
method. Such technique and capability open new avenues to explore and
understand the physics of nanoscale and mesoscopic devices dominated by quantum
effects. In particular, our method addresses in an unprecedented way the
technological relevant case of band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) in III-V nanowire
MOSFETs and broken gap heterojunction tunnel-FETs (TFETs). We demonstrate an
accurate match of simulated BTBT currents to experimental measurements in a
[111] InAs NW having a 12 nm diameter and a 300 nm long channel. We apply the
predictivity of our TB MS simulations and report an in-depth atomistic study of
the scaling potential of III-V GAA nanowire heterojunction n and pTFETs
quantifying the benefits of this technology for low-power, low-voltage CMOS
application. At VDD = 0.3 V and IOFF = 50 pA/um, the on-current (Ion) and
energy-delay product (ETP) gain over a Si NW GAA MOSFET are 58x and 56x
respectively.


  Let $G_\cpl$ be a connected complex reductive Lie group, and $G$ be a real
form. Let $(\pi,V)$ be a finite-dimensional irreducible representation of $G$.
Assume $(\pi,V)$ admits a $G$ invariant hermitian form. {In
\cite{Signature-of-a-rep-of-reductive}, an analog of the Weyl dimension formula
that instead computes the signature of the invariant form for finite
dimensional representations of complex Lie groups is given. The goal of this
paper is to give a short alternate proof as an application of a more general
twisted character theory of \cite{Dirac-Index-and-Twisted-Characters}.


  Aims. The main goal of this paper is to derive observational constraints on
the halo mass fuction (HMF) by performing a tomographic analysis of the
magnification bias signal on a sample of background submillimeter galaxies. The
results can then be compared with those from a non-tomographic study. Methods.
We measure the cross-correlation function between a sample of foreground GAMA
galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the range $0.1 < z < 0.8$ (and divided
up into four bins) and a sample of background submillimeter galaxies from
H-ATLAS with photometric redshifts in the range $1.2 < z < 4.0$. We model the
weak lensing signal within the halo model formalism and carry out a Markov
chain Monte Carlo algorithm to obtain the posterior distribution of all HMF
parameters, which we assume to follow the Sheth and Tormen (ST) three-parameter
and two-parameter fits. Results. While the observational constraints on the HMF
from the non-tomographic analysis are not stringent, there is a remarkable
improvement in terms of uncertainty reduction when tomography is adopted.
Moreover, with respect to the traditional ST triple of values from numerical
simulations, the results from the three-parameter fit predict a higher number
density of halos at masses below $10^{12}M_{\odot}/h$ at 95% credibility. The
two-parameter fit yields even more restricting results, with a larger number
density of halos below $10^{13}M_{\odot}/h$ and a lower one above
$10^{14}M_{\odot}/h$, this time at more than 3$\sigma$ credibility. Our results
are therefore in disagreement with the standard N-body values for the ST fit at
2$\sigma$ and 3$\sigma$, respectively.


  Code reuse is an important part of software development. The adoption of code
reuse practices is especially common among Node.js developers. The Node.js
package manager, NPM, indexes over 1 Million packages and developers often seek
out packages to solve programming tasks. Due to the vast number of packages,
selecting the right package is difficult and time consuming. With the goal of
improving productivity of developers that heavily reuse code through
third-party packages, we present Node Code Query (NCQ), a Read-Eval-Print-Loop
environment that allows developers to 1) search for NPM packages using natural
language queries, 2) search for code snippets related to those packages, 3)
automatically correct errors in these code snippets, 4) quickly setup new
environments for testing those snippets, and 5) transition between search and
editing modes. In two user studies with a total of 20 participants, we find
that participants begin programming faster and conclude tasks faster with NCQ
than with baseline approaches, and that they like, among other features, the
search for code snippets and packages. Our results suggest that NCQ makes
Node.js developers more efficient in reusing code.


  We present a simulation for the interactions of shockwaves with light
spherical density inhomogeneities. Euler equations for two-phase compressible
flows are solved in a 3D uniform resolution finite volume based solver using
5th order WENO reconstructions of the primitive quantities, HLL-type numerical
fluxes and 3rd order TVD time stepping scheme. In this study, a normal Mach 3
shockwave in air is directed at a helium bubble with an interface Atwood number
of -0.76. We employ 4 billion cells on a supercomputing cluster and demonstrate
the development of this flow until relatively late times. Shock passage
compresses the bubble and deposits baroclinic vorticity on the interface.
Initial distribution of the vorticity and compressions lead to the formation of
an air jet, interface roll-ups and the formation of a long lasting vortical
core, the white core. Compressed upstream of the bubble turns into a mixing
zone and as the vortex ring distances from this mixing zone, a plume-shaped
region is formed and sustained. Close observations have been reported in
previous experimental works. The visualization is presented in a fluid dynamics
video.


  In the present work we report about a parallel-processing ion beam
fabrication technique whereby high-density sub-superficial graphitic
microstructures can be created in diamond. Ion beam implantation is an
effective tool for the structural modification of diamond: in particular
ion-damaged diamond can be converted into graphite, therefore obtaining an
electrically conductive phase embedded in an optically transparent and highly
insulating matrix. The proposed fabrication process consists in the combination
of Deep Ion Beam Lithography (DIBL) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling. FIB
micromachining is employed to define micro-apertures in the contact masks
consisting of thin (<10 um) deposited metal layers through which ions are
implanted in the sample. A prototypical single-cell biosensor was realized with
the above described technique. The biosensor has 16 independent electrodes
converging inside a circular area of 20 um diameter (typical neuroendocrine
cells size) for the simultaneous recording of amperometric signals.


  This work focuses on regularity criteria of 3D generalized magneto-micropolar
fluid system in terms of the pressure in Lorentz spaces inspired by the recent
works in \cite{FS22} and \cite{LN22}.


  Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) based Medium Access Control (MAC)
protocols have received a good deal of attention as researchers look to enhance
overall performance of Ad Hoc networks by leveraging multi antenna enabled
nodes. To date such MAC protocols have been evaluated through comparative
simulation based studies that report on the number of concurrent links the
protocol can support. However, a bound on the maximum number of concurrent
links (MNCL) that a MIMO based MAC protocol should strive to achieve has
hitherto been unavailable. In this paper we present a theoretical formulation
for calculating the bound on the MNCL in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) where
the nodes have multiple antenna capability, while guaranteeing a minimum
Quality of Service (QoS). In an attempt to make our findings as practical and
realistic as possible, the study incorporates models for the following PHY
layer and channel dependent elements: (a) path loss and fast fading effects, in
order to accurately model adjacent link interference; (b) a Minimum Mean
Squared Error (MMSE) based detector in the receiver which provides a balance
between completely nulling of neighboring interference and hardware complexity.
In calculating the bound on the MNCL our work also delivers the optimal power
control solution for the network as well as the optimal link selection. The
results are readily applicable to MIMO systems using Receive Diversity, Space
Time Block Coding (STBC), and Transmit Beamforming and show that with a 4
element antenna system, as much as 3x improvement in the total number of
concurrent links can be achieved relative to a SISO based network. The results
also show diminishing improvement as the number of antennas is increased beyond
4, and the maximum allowable transmit power is increased beyond 10 dBm (for the
simulated parameters).


  Short video applications like TikTok and Kwai have been a great hit recently.
In order to meet the increasing demands and take full advantage of visual
information in short videos, objects in each short video need to be located and
analyzed as an upstream task. A question is thus raised -- how to improve the
accuracy and robustness of object detection, tracking, and re-identification
across tons of short videos with hundreds of categories and complicated visual
effects (VFX). To this end, a system composed of a detection module, a tracking
module and a generic object re-identification module, is proposed in this
paper, which captures features of major objects from short videos. In
particular, towards the high efficiency demands in practical short video
application, a Temporal Information Fusion Network (TIFN) is proposed in the
object detection module, which shows comparable accuracy and improved time
efficiency to the state-of-the-art video object detector. Furthermore, in order
to mitigate the fragmented issue of tracklets in short videos, a Cross-Layer
Pointwise Siamese Network (CPSN) is proposed in the tracking module to enhance
the robustness of the appearance model. Moreover, in order to evaluate the
proposed system, two challenge datasets containing real-world short videos are
built for video object trajectory extraction and generic object
re-identification respectively. Overall, extensive experiments for each module
and the whole system demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our
system.


  The complex relationship between Einstein's second postulate and the Maxwell
electromagnetic theory is elucidated. A simple deduction of the main results of
the Ignatowski approach to the theory of relativity is given. The peculiar
status of the principle of relativity among the Maxwellians is illustrated.


  Lattice vibrations in materials induce perturbations on the electron dynamics
in the form of long-range (dipole and quadrupole) and short-range (octopole and
higher) potentials. The dipole Fr\"ohlich term can be included in current
first-principles electron-phonon ($e$-ph) calculations and is present only in
polar materials. The quadrupole $e$-ph interaction is present in both polar and
nonpolar materials, but currently it cannot be computed from first principles.
Here we show an approach to compute the quadrupole $e$-ph interaction and
include it in ab initio calculations of $e$-ph matrix elements. The accuracy of
the approach is demonstrated by comparing with direct density functional
perturbation theory calculations. We apply our method to silicon as a case of a
nonpolar semiconductor and tetragonal PbTiO$_3$ as a case of a polar
piezoelectric material. In both materials we find that the quadrupole term
strongly impacts the $e$-ph matrix elements. Analysis of $e$-ph interactions
for different phonon modes reveals that the quadrupole term mainly affects
optical modes in silicon and acoustic modes in PbTiO$_3$, although the
quadrupole term is needed for all modes to achieve quantitative accuracy. The
effect of the quadrupole $e$-ph interaction on electron scattering processes
and transport is shown to be important. Our approach enables accurate studies
of $e$-ph interactions in broad classes of nonpolar, polar and piezoelectric
materials.


  A characterization of regular topological fundamental groups yields a `no
retraction theorem' for spaces constructed in similar fashion to the Hawaiian
earring.


  In a multi-wavelength survey of $13$ quasars at $5.8\lesssim z\lesssim6.5$,
that were pre-selected to be potentially young, we find five objects with
extremely small proximity zone sizes that may imply UV-luminous quasar
lifetimes of $\lesssim 100,000$ years. Proximity zones are regions of enhanced
transmitted flux in the vicinity of the quasars that are sensitive to the
quasars' lifetimes because the intergalactic gas has a finite response time to
their radiation. We combine sub-mm observations from the Atacama Large
Millimetre Array (ALMA) and the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA), as
well as deep optical and near-infrared spectra from medium-resolution
spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and on the Keck telescopes, in
order to identify and characterize these new young quasars, which provide
valuable clues about the accretion behavior of supermassive black holes (SMBHs)
in the early universe, and pose challenges on current black hole formation
models to explain the rapid formation of billion solar mass black holes. We
measure the quasars' systemic redshifts, black hole masses, Eddington ratios,
emission line luminosities, and star formation rates of their host galaxies.
Combined with previous results we estimate the fraction of young objects within
the high-redshift quasar population at large to be $5\%\lesssim f_{\rm
young}\lesssim 10\%$. One of the young objects, PSO J158-14, shows a very
bright dust continuum flux ($F_{\rm cont}=3.46\pm 0.02\,\rm mJy$), indicating a
highly star-bursting host galaxy with a star formation rate of approximately
$1420\,M_{\odot}\,\rm yr^{-1}$.


  Let $\frak {F}$ be a class of group. A subgroup $A$ of a finite group $G$ is
said to be $K$-$\mathfrak{F}$-subnormal in $G$ if there is a subgroup chain
$$A=A_{0} \leq A_{1} \leq \cdots \leq A_{n}=G$$ such that either $A_{i-1}
\trianglelefteq A_{i}$ or $A_{i}/(A_{i-1})_{A_{i}} \in \mathfrak{F}$ for all
$i=1, \ldots , n$. A formation $\frak {F}$ is said to be $K$-lattice provided
in every finite group $G$ the set of all its $K$-$\mathfrak{F}$-subnormal
subgroups forms a sublattice of the lattice of all subgroups of $G$.
  In this paper we consider some new applications of the theory of $K$-lattice
formations. In particular, we prove the following
  Theorem A. Let $\mathfrak{F}$ be a hereditary $K$-lattice saturated formation
containing all nilpotent groups.
  (i) If every $\mathfrak{F}$-critical subgroup $H$ of $G$ is
$K$-$\mathfrak{F}$-subnormal in $G$ with $H/F(H)\in {\mathfrak{F}}$, then
$G/F(G)\in {\mathfrak{F}}$.
  (ii) If every Schmidt subgroup of $G$ is $K$-$\mathfrak{F}$-subnormal in $G$,
then $G/G_{\mathfrak{F}}$ is abelian.


  We discuss a modified gravity theory defined by $f(R) = \sum_{n}^{l} \alpha_n
M^{2(1-n)} R^n$. We consider both finite and infinite number of terms in the
series while requiring that the Einstein frame potential of the theory has a
flat area around any of its stationary points. We show that the requirement of
maximally flat stationary point leads to the existence of the saddle point
(local maximum) for even (odd) $l$. In both cases for $l\to\infty$ one obtains
the Starobinsky model with small, exponentially suppressed corrections. Besides
the GR minimum the Einstein frame potential has an anti de Sitter vacuum.
However we argue that the GR vacuum is absolutely stable and AdS cannot be
reached neither via classical evolution nor via quantum tunnelling. Our results
show that a Starobinsky-like model is the only possible realisation of $f(R)$
theory with an extremely flat area in the Einstein frame potential.


  We present a near-infrared spectrum of the close, detached white dwarf +
brown dwarf binary WD0137-349 (Maxted et al 2006), that directly reveals the
substellar companion through an excess of flux longwards of 1.95 microns. We
best match the data with a white dwarf + L8 composite model. For ages ~1 Gyr,
the spectral type of the cool secondary is in agreement with the mass
determined by Maxted et al. (2006) from radial velocity measurements (0.053 +/-
0.006Msun), and supports an evolutionary scenario in which the brown dwarf
survived a previous phase of common envelope evolution which resulted in the
formation of this close binary. The brown dwarf is the lowest mass companion to
a white dwarf yet found, and the lowest mass object known to have survived a
common envelope phase. At 1300 < T < 1400K WD0137-349B is also the coolest
known companion to a white dwarf. At a separation a = 0.65Rsun the hemisphere
of the brown dwarf facing the 16,500K white dwarf is being heated through
irradiation. We discuss the possible effects of this additional heating, with
particular relevance to those other close binaries with substellar companions,
the hot Jupiters. We propose future observations to investigate the likely
temperature differences between the ``day'' and ``night'' sides of the brown
dwarf.


  The NASA TESS mission will deliver hundreds of transiting exoplanet
candidates orbiting bright stars. The spectrometers SOPHIE at OHP and SPIRou at
CFHT will be ideal to obtain radial velocities of these candidates, confirm
their nature, and derive the planets' masses. These measurements will be
crucial to deliver the best targets for atmospheric characterization with JWST.
Here, we calculate the required observing time with SOPHIE, SPIRou, and JWST
for each of the TESS targets in order to prepare follow-up observations. To
infer their potential for JWST, we restrict the calculations to the case of
transmission spectroscopy with NIRISS. The radial velocity follow-up of the
giant planets ($R_p > 4 \rm \, R_E$) could be achieved with SOPHIE, with a
median observing time of 3.47 hours per target, and a total observing time of
305 hours that includes the 80% most favorable cases. Several small planets
($R_p < 4 \rm \, R_E$) could also be confirmed, but most of them would require
an unrealistic time investment. On the other hand, SPIRou is ideally suited to
the follow-up of the small planets, with a median observing time of 2.65 hours
per target, and a median observing time of 4.70 hours for the terrestrial
planets in the habitable zone ($R_p < 2 \rm \, R_E$, $S < 2 \rm \, S_E$). With
JWST, the 10% most favorable small planets (184 planets) have a median
observing time of 16.2 hours, and the 10% most favorable habitable zone
terrestrial planets (7 planets) have a median observing time of 59.7 hours.
Overall, this study will help define a follow-up strategy and prepare
observation programs with SOPHIE and SPIRou before the first planet candidates
are delivered by TESS.


  We study the transport of inertial particles in water flow in porous media.
Our interest lies in understanding the accumulation of particles including the
possibility of clogging. We propose that accumulation can be a result of
hydrodynamic effects: the tortuous paths of the porous medium generate regions
of dominating strain/vorticity, which favour the accumulation/dispersion of the
inertial particles. Numerical simulations show that essentially two
accumulation regimes are identified: for low and for high flow velocities. When
particles accumulate in high-velocity regions, at the entrance of a pore
throat, a clog is formed. The formation of a clog significantly modifies the
flow, as the partial blockage of the pore causes a local redistribution of
pressure. This redistribution can divert the upstream water flow into
neighbouring pores. Moreover, we show that accumulation in high velocity
regions occurs in heterogeneous media, but not in homogeneous media, where we
refer to homogeneity with respect to the distribution of the pore throat
diameters.


  Living in the era of data deluge, we have witnessed a web content explosion,
largely due to the massive availability of User-Generated Content (UGC). In
this work, we specifically consider the problem of geospatial information
extraction and representation, where one can exploit diverse sources of
information (such as image and audio data, text data, etc), going beyond
traditional volunteered geographic information. Our ambition is to include
available narrative information in an effort to better explain geospatial
relationships: with spatial reasoning being a basic form of human cognition,
narratives expressing such experiences typically contain qualitative spatial
data, i.e., spatial objects and spatial relationships.
  To this end, we formulate a quantitative approach for the representation of
qualitative spatial relations extracted from UGC in the form of texts. The
proposed method quantifies such relations based on multiple text observations.
Such observations provide distance and orientation features which are utilized
by a greedy Expectation Maximization-based (EM) algorithm to infer a
probability distribution over predefined spatial relationships; the latter
represent the quantified relationships under user-defined probabilistic
assumptions. We evaluate the applicability and quality of the proposed approach
using real UGC data originating from an actual travel blog text corpus. To
verify the quality of the result, we generate grid-based maps visualizing the
spatial extent of the various relations.


  We describe a kinetic theory approach to quantum gravity -- by which we mean
a theory of the microscopic structure of spacetime, not a theory obtained by
quantizing general relativity. A figurative conception of this program is like
building a ladder with two knotted poles: quantum matter field on the right and
spacetime on the left. Each rung connecting the corresponding knots represent a
distinct level of structure. The lowest rung is hydrodynamics and general
relativity; the next rung is semiclassical gravity, with the expectation value
of quantum fields acting as source in the semiclassical Einstein equation. We
recall how ideas from the statistical mechanics of interacting quantum fields
helped us identify the existence of noise in the matter field and its effect on
metric fluctuations, leading to the establishment of the third rung: stochastic
gravity, described by the Einstein-Langevin equation. Our pathway from
stochastic to quantum gravity is via the correlation hierarchy of noise and
induced metric fluctuations. Three essential tasks beckon: 1) Deduce the
correlations of metric fluctuations from correlation noise in the matter field;
2) Reconstituting quantum coherence -- this is the reverse of decoherence --
from these correlation functions 3) Use the Boltzmann-Langevin equations to
identify distinct collective variables depicting recognizable metastable
structures in the kinetic and hydrodynamic regimes of quantum matter fields and
how they demand of their corresponding spacetime counterparts. This will give
us a hierarchy of generalized stochastic equations -- call them the
Boltzmann-Einstein hierarchy of quantum gravity -- for each level of spacetime
structure, from the macroscopic (general relativity) through the mesoscopic
(stochastic gravity) to the microscopic (quantum gravity).


  The thermal properties of bulk copper are investigated by performing ab
initio DFT and DFPT calculations and using the quasiharmonic approximation for
the free energy. Using both the LDA and the GGA for the exchange-correlation
potential, we compute the temperature dependence of the lattice constant,
coefficient of thermal expansion, bulk modulus, pressure derivative of the bulk
modulus, phonon frequencies, Grueneisen parameters, and the electronic and
phonon contributions to the specific heats at constant volume and constant
pressure. We obtain answers in closer agreement with experiment than those
obtained from more approximate earlier treatments. The LDA/GGA errors in
computing anharmonic quantities are significantly smaller than those in
harmonic quantities. We argue that this should be a general feature, and also
argue that LDA/GGA errors should increase with temperature.


  The collective oscillations of surface charges (surface plasmons) induced by
light-matter interactions were predicted in the 1950s to influence electrical
conduction in 2D noble metals. Primarily two mechanisms were predicted and
later by Frohlich which could affect the electron transport in metals; (1)
Umklapp electron-electron scattering and (2) attractive interaction between
free electrons in transition metals because of screening of the d-band
electrons by the s-band electrons. [1] However, there is no experimental
evidence to date on how such oscillations might influence the electrical
conductivity of 2D metals. We have conducted in-situ measurements of the
surface plasmons and electrical resistivity of thin film gold. We observe
striking correlations between the electrical resistivity of noble metal thin
films and surface plasmon resonance


  It is important for a portfolio manager to estimate and analyze recent
portfolio volatility to keep the portfolio's risk within limit. Though the
number of financial instruments in the portfolio can be very large, sometimes
more than thousands, daily returns considered for analysis are only for a month
or even less. In this case rank of portfolio covariance matrix is less than
full, hence solution is not unique. It is typically known as the ``ill-posed"
problem. In this paper we discuss a Bayesian approach to regularize the
problem. One of the additional advantages of this approach is to analyze the
source of risk by estimating the probability of positive `conditional
contribution to total risk' (CCTR). Each source's CCTR would sum up to the
portfolio's total volatility risk. Existing methods only estimate CCTR of a
source, and does not estimate the probability of CCTR to be significantly
greater (or less) than zero. This paper presents Bayesian methodology to do so.
We use a parallelizable and easy to use Monte Carlo (MC) approach to achieve
our objective. Estimation of various risk measures, such as Value at Risk and
Expected Shortfall, becomes a by-product of this Monte-Carlo approach.


  We prove uniqueness result for free boundary minimal annuli in $B^3$ that lie
in the same conformal orbit.


  We compare possibilities of extension of bounded and unbounded Baire-one
functions from subspaces of topological spaces.


  The Kernel Polynomial Method (KPM) is a well-established scheme in quantum
physics and quantum chemistry to determine the eigenvalue density and spectral
properties of large sparse matrices. In this work we demonstrate the high
optimization potential and feasibility of peta-scale heterogeneous CPU-GPU
implementations of the KPM. At the node level we show that it is possible to
decouple the sparse matrix problem posed by KPM from main memory bandwidth both
on CPU and GPU. To alleviate the effects of scattered data access we combine
loosely coupled outer iterations with tightly coupled block sparse matrix
multiple vector operations, which enables pure data streaming. All
optimizations are guided by a performance analysis and modelling process that
indicates how the computational bottlenecks change with each optimization step.
Finally we use the optimized node-level KPM with a hybrid-parallel framework to
perform large scale heterogeneous electronic structure calculations for novel
topological materials on a petascale-class Cray XC30 system.


  In the framework of non-riemannian geometry, we derive exact static vacuum
solutions of the field equations obtained from the full equivalent version of
the Einstein-Hilbert action when torsion degrees of freedom are taken into
account. By imposing spherical symmetry and a suitable choice for the
contorsion degrees of freedom, the static geometry provides deviations on the
predictions of the observational tests predicted by General Relativity --
namely on the advance of planetary perihelia and the bending of light rays --
which we infer. The analytical extension is built in two particular domains of
the parameter space. In the first domain we obtain a solution exhibiting an
event horizon analogous to that of the Schwarzschild geometry. For the second
domain, we show that the metric furnishes an exterior event horizon, and two
interior horizons which enclose the singularity. For both branches we examine
the effects of torsion corrections on the Hawking radiation. In this scenario
the model extends Bekenstein's black hole geometrical thermodynamics, with an
extra work term connected to a torsion parameter.


  We present a simplified version of the threshold dynamics algorithm given in
the work of Esedoglu and Otto (2015). The new version still allows specifying
N-choose-2 possibly distinct surface tensions and N-choose-2 possibly distinct
mobilities for a network with N phases, but achieves this level of generality
without the use of retardation functions. Instead, it employs linear
combinations of Gaussians in the convolution step of the algorithm.
Convolutions with only two distinct Gaussians is enough for the entire network,
maintaining the efficiency of the original thresholding scheme. We discuss
stability and convergence of the new algorithm, including some counterexamples
in which convergence fails. The apparently convergent cases include unequal
surface tensions given by the Read \& Shockley model and its three dimensional
extensions, along with equal mobilities, that are a very common choice in
computational materials science.


  The algebraic structure on the subspace of the quasi-primary vectors given by
the projection of the (n) products of a conformal superalgebra is formulated.
As an application the complete list of simple physical conformal superalgebras
is given. The list contains a one-parameter family of superconformal algebras
with 4 supercharges that is simple for general values.


  The key ingredient of high critical currents in a type-II superconductor is
defect sites that 'pin' vortices. Contrary to earlier understanding on
nano-patterned artificial pinning, here we show unequivocally the advantages of
a random pinscape over an ordered array in a wide magnetic field range. We
reveal that the better performance of a random pinscape is due to the variation
of its local-density-of-pinning-sites (LDOPS), which mitigates the motion of
vortices. This is confirmed by achieving even higher enhancement of the
critical current through a conformally mapped random pinscape, where the
distribution of the LDOPS is further enlarged. The demonstrated key role of
LDOPS in enhancing superconducting critical currents gets at the heart of
random versus commensurate pinning. Our findings highlight the importance of
random pinscapes in enhancing the superconducting critical currents of applied
superconductors.


  The Internet of Things (IoT) is affecting national innovation ecosystems and
the approach of organizations to innovation and how they create and capture
value in everyday business activities. The Internet of Things (IoT), is
disruptive, and it will change the manner in which human resources are
developed and managed, calling for a new and adaptive human resource
development approach. The Classical Internet communication form is human-human.
The prospect of IoT is that every object will have a unique way of
identification and can be addressed so that every object can be connected. The
communication forms will expand from human-human to human-human, human-thing,
and thing-thing. This will bring a new challenge to how Human Resource
Development (HRD) is practiced. This paper provides an overview of the Internet
of Things and conceptualizes the role of HRD in the age of the Internet of
Things. Keywords:


  The stellar mass assembly of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) is still
debated. We have observed in CO with the IRAM-30m two star forming BCGs
belonging to SpARCS clusters, 3C 244.1 ($z=0.4$) and SDSS J161112.65+550823.5
($z=0.9$), and compared their molecular gas and star formation properties with
those of a compilation of $\sim100$ distant cluster galaxies, including nine
additional distant BCGs at ${z\sim0.4-3.5}$. We have set robust upper limits of
$M_{{\rm H}_2}<1.0\times10^{10}~M_\odot$ and $<2.8\times10^{10}~M_\odot$ to
their molecular gas content, respectively, as well as to the molecular gas to
stellar mass ratio $M({\rm H}_2)/M_\star\lesssim0.2$ and depletion time
$\tau_{\rm dep}\lesssim40$ Myr of the two targeted BCGs. They are thus among
the distant cluster galaxies with the lowest gas fractions and shortest
depletion times. The majority, $64\%\pm15\%$ and $73\%\pm18\%$, of the 11 BCGs
with observations in CO have lower $M({\rm H}_2)/M_\star$ and $\tau_{\rm dep}$,
respectively, than those estimated for main sequence galaxies. Statistical
analysis tentatively suggests that the values of $M({\rm H}_2)/M_\star$ and
$\tau_{\rm dep}$ for the 11 BCGs deviates, with a significance of
$\sim2\sigma$, from those of the comparison sample of cluster galaxies. A
morphological analysis for a subsample of seven BCGs with archival HST
observations reveals that $71\%\pm17\%$ of the BCGs are compact or show
star-forming substructures/components. Our results suggest a scenario where
distant star forming BCGs assemble a significant fraction $\sim16\%$ of their
stellar mass in the relatively short timescale $\tau_{\rm dep}$, while
environmental mechanisms might prevent the replenishment of gas feeding the
star formation. We speculate that compact components favor the rapid exhaustion
of molecular gas and help to quench the BCGs. Distant star forming BCGs are
excellent targets for ALMA and JWST.


  Let $K\to U(V)$ be a unitary representation of the compact Lie group $K$.
Then there is a canonical moment mapping $\rho\colon V\to\mathfrak k^*$. We
have the Koszul complex ${\mathcal K}(\rho,\mathcal C^\infty(V))$ of the
component functions $\rho_1,...,\rho_k$ of $\rho$. Let $G=K_{\mathbb C}$, the
complexification of $K$. We show that the Koszul complex is a resolution of the
smooth functions on $\rho^{-1}(0)$ if and only if $G\to\GL(V)$ is 1-large, a
concept introduced in earlier work of the second author. Now let $M$ be a
symplectic manifold with a Hamiltonian action of $K$. Let $\rho$ be a moment
mapping and consider the Koszul complex given by the component functions of
$\rho$. We show that the Koszul complex is a resolution of the smooth functions
on $Z=\rho^{-1}(0)$ if and only if the complexification of each symplectic
slice representation at a point of $Z$ is 1-large.


  This paper gives an overview of our ongoing work on the design space
exploration of efficient deep neural networks (DNNs). Specifically, we cover
two aspects: (1) static architecture design efficiency and (2) dynamic model
execution efficiency. For static architecture design, different from existing
end-to-end hardware modeling assumptions, we conduct full-stack profiling at
the GPU core level to identify better accuracy-latency trade-offs for DNN
designs. For dynamic model execution, different from prior work that tackles
model redundancy at the DNN-channels level, we explore a new dimension of DNN
feature map redundancy to be dynamically traversed at runtime. Last, we
highlight several open questions that are poised to draw research attention in
the next few years.


  A new numerical method for X-ray tomography for a specific case of incomplete
Radon data is proposed. Potential applications are in checking out bulky
luggage in airports. This method is based on the analysis of the transport PDE
governing the X-ray tomography rather than on the conventional integral
formulation. The quasi-reversibility method is applied. Convergence analysis is
performed using a new Carleman estimate. Numerical results are presented and
compared with the inversion of the Radon transform using the well-known
filtered back projection algorithm. In addition, it is shown how to use our
method to study the inversion of the attenuated X-ray transform for the same
case of incomplete data.


  Out-of-Distribution (OOD) Generalization aims to learn robust models that
generalize well to various environments without fitting to
distribution-specific features. Recent studies based on Lottery Ticket
Hypothesis (LTH) address this problem by minimizing the learning target to find
some of the parameters that are critical to the task. However, in OOD problems,
such solutions are suboptimal as the learning task contains severe distribution
noises, which can mislead the optimization process. Therefore, apart from
finding the task-related parameters (i.e., invariant parameters), we propose
Exploring Variant parameters for Invariant Learning (EVIL) which also leverages
the distribution knowledge to find the parameters that are sensitive to
distribution shift (i.e., variant parameters). Once the variant parameters are
left out of invariant learning, a robust subnetwork that is resistant to
distribution shift can be found. Additionally, the parameters that are
relatively stable across distributions can be considered invariant ones to
improve invariant learning. By fully exploring both variant and invariant
parameters, our EVIL can effectively identify a robust subnetwork to improve
OOD generalization. In extensive experiments on integrated testbed: DomainBed,
EVIL can effectively and efficiently enhance many popular methods, such as ERM,
IRM, SAM, etc.


  One of the crucial questions in neuroscience is how a rich functional
repertoire of brain states relates to its underlying structural organization.
How to study the associations between these structural and functional layers is
an open problem that involves novel conceptual ways of tackling this question.
We here propose an extension of the Connectivity Independent Component Analysis
(connICA) framework, to identify joint structural-functional connectivity
traits. Here, we extend connICA to integrate structural and functional
connectomes by merging them into common hybrid connectivity patterns that
represent the connectivity fingerprint of a subject. We test this extended
approach on the 100 unrelated subjects from the Human Connectome Project. The
method is able to extract main independent structural-functional connectivity
patterns from the entire cohort that are sensitive to the realization of
different tasks. The hybrid connICA extracted two main task-sensitive hybrid
traits. The first, encompassing the within and between connections of dorsal
attentional and visual areas, as well as fronto-parietal circuits. The second,
mainly encompassing the connectivity between visual, attentional, DMN and
subcortical networks. Overall, these findings confirms the potential ofthe
hybrid connICA for the compression of structural/functional connectomes into
integrated patterns from a set of individual brain networks.


  The standard method for constructing generating vectors for good lattice
point sets is the component-by-component construction. Numerical experiments
have shown that the generating vectors found by these constructions sometimes
tend to have recurring components, which can lead to the problem of having
projections with all lattice points lying on the main diagonal. In this paper
we combine methods of Dick and Kritzer to avoid this problem with a reduced
fast component-by-component construction. That is, we give a variation of the
standard component-by-component construction which avoids repeated components
and simultaneously results in a considerable speed-up in comparison to the
standard construction.


  Strongly Turing determinacy, or $\mathrm{sTD}$, says that for any set $A$ of
reals, if $\forall x\exists y\geq_T x (y\in A)$, then there is a pointed set
$P\subseteq A$. We prove the following consequences of Turing determinacy
($\mathrm{TD}$) and $\mathrm{sTD}$:
  (1). $\mathrm{ZF+TD}$ implies weakly dependent choice ($\mathrm{wDC}$).
  (2). $\mathrm{ZF+sTD}$ implies that every set of reals is measurable and has
Baire property.
  (3). $\mathrm{ZF+sTD}$ implies that every uncountable set of reals has a
perfect subset.
  (4). $\mathrm{ZF+sTD}$ implies that for any set of reals $A$ and any
$\epsilon>0$,
  (a) there is a closed set $F\subseteq A$ so that $\mathrm{Dim_H}(F)\geq
\mathrm{Dim_H}(A)-\epsilon$.
  (b) there is a closed set $F\subseteq A$ so that $\mathrm{Dim_P}(F)\geq
\mathrm{Dim_P}(A)-\epsilon$.


  We study energy transport in the paradigmatic Hamiltonian mean-field (HMF)
model and other related long-range interacting models using molecular dynamics
simulations. We show that energy diffusion in the HMF model is subdiffusive in
nature, which confirms a recently obtained intriguing result that, despite
being globally interacting, this model is a thermal insulator in the thermo-
dynamic limit. Surprisingly, when additional nearest neighbor interactions are
introduced to the HMF model, an energy superdiffusion is observed. We show that
these results can be consistently explained by studying energy localization due
to thermally generated intrinsic localized excitation modes (discrete
breathers) in nonlinear discrete systems. Our analysis for the HMF model can
also be readily extended to more generic long-range interacting models where
the interaction strength decays algebraically with the (shortest) distance
between two lattice sites. This reconciles many of the apparently
counter-intuitive results presented recently [C. Olivares and C. Anteneodo,
Phys. Rev. E 94, 042117 (2016); D. Bagchi, Phys. Rev. E 95, 032102 (2017)]
concerning energy transport in two such long-range interacting models.


  We present the first measurement of the metallicity gradient in extremely
metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs). With Subaru/Faint Object Camera And Spectrograph
(FOCAS) Integral Field Unit (IFU), we have observed a nearby, low-mass EMPG,
HSC J1631+4426, whose oxygen abundance and stellar mass are known to be
12+log(O/H) $=6.9$ and $\log_{10}(M_*/{\rm M}_\odot)=5.8$, respectively. The
measured metallicity gradient is $-0.36 \pm 0.04$ dex kpc$^{-1}$ corresponding
to $-0.049 \pm 0.006$ dex R$_\mathrm{e}^{-1}$ for the continuum effective
radius of $R_\mathrm{e} = 0.14$ kpc. Our observation has successfully
demonstrated that three-dimensional spectroscopy with 8m-class telescopes is
powerful enough to reveal the metallicity distribution in local EMPGs,
providing precious information of the baryon cycle in local analogs of
primordial galaxies in the early Universe.


  We study the holographic entanglement entropy of deformed entangling regions
in three-dimensional CFTs dual to Einstein-AdS gravity, using a renormalization
scheme based on the addition of extrinsic counterterms. In this prescription,
when even-dimensional manifolds are considered, the universal contribution to
the entanglement entropy is identified as the renormalized volume of the
Ryu-Takayanagi hypersurface, which is written as the sum of a topological and a
curvature term. It is shown that the change in the renormalized entanglement
entropy due to the deformation of the entangling surface is encoded purely in
the curvature contribution. In turn, as the topological part is given by the
Euler characteristic of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface, it remains shape
independent. Exploiting the covariant character of the extrinsic counterterms,
we apply the renormalization scheme for the case of deformed entangling regions
in AdS$_4$/CFT$_3$, recovering the results found in the literature. Finally, we
provide a derivation of the relation between renormalized entanglement entropy
and Willmore energy. The presence of a lower bound of the latter makes manifest
the relation between the AdS curvature of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface and the
strong subadditivity property.


  The primary purpose of this investigation is to answer the research
questions; 1) What are users' motivations for joining Mastodon?; 2) What are
users' gratifications for using Mastodon?; and 3) What are the primary reasons
that the users continue to use Mastodon? We analyzed the collected data from
the perspective of the Uses and Gratifications Theory. A questionnaire was
designed to measure the opinions of Mastodon users from 15 different Mastodon
instances. We examined 47 items through exploratory factor analysis using
principal components extraction with Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. The
results extracted 7 factors of gratification sought (expectation) and 7 factors
of gratification obtained. We discovered that the primary reason that the users
join and use Mastodon is the ease of controlling and sheltering users'
information from data mining. The findings of the gratification sought
structure are similar to findings of the gratification obtained structure, and
the comparison between the two groups of data suggests that users are satisfied
with the ongoing use of Mastodon.


  We introduce an improvement to the FxFx matrix element merging procedure for
$pp\to t \bar t W$ production at NLO in QCD with one and/or two additional
jets. The main modification is an improved treatment of jets that are not
logarithmically enhanced in the low transverse-momentum regime. We provide
predictions for the inclusive cross section and the $t \bar t W$ differential
distributions including parton-shower effects. Taking also the NLO EW
corrections into account, this results in the most-accurate predictions for
this process to date. We further proceed to include the on-shell LO decays of
the $t \bar t W$ including the tree-level spin correlations within the
narrow-width approximation, focusing on the multi-lepton signatures studied at
the LHC. We find a $\sim\!\!30\%$ increase over the NLO QCD prediction and
large non-flat $K$-factors to differential distributions.