  We present Worldsheet, a method for novel view synthesis using just a single
RGB image as input. The main insight is that simply shrink-wrapping a planar
mesh sheet onto the input image, consistent with the learned intermediate
depth, captures underlying geometry sufficient to generate photorealistic
unseen views with large viewpoint changes. To operationalize this, we propose a
novel differentiable texture sampler that allows our wrapped mesh sheet to be
textured and rendered differentiably into an image from a target viewpoint. Our
approach is category-agnostic, end-to-end trainable without using any 3D
supervision, and requires a single image at test time. We also explore a simple
extension by stacking multiple layers of Worldsheets to better handle
occlusions. Worldsheet consistently outperforms prior state-of-the-art methods
on single-image view synthesis across several datasets. Furthermore, this
simple idea captures novel views surprisingly well on a wide range of
high-resolution in-the-wild images, converting them into navigable 3D pop-ups.
Video results and code are available at https://worldsheet.github.io.


  A search for strongly produced supersymmetric particles is conducted using
signatures involving multiple energetic jets and either two isolated leptons
($e$ or $\mu$) with the same electric charge, or at least three isolated
leptons. The search also utilises jets originating from b-quarks, missing
transverse momentum and other observables to extend its sensitivity. The
analysis uses a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of
20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded with the
ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. No deviation from the
Standard Model expectation is observed. New or significantly improved exclusion
limits are set on a wide variety of supersymmetric models in which the lightest
squark can be of the first, second or third generations, and in which R-parity
can be conserved or violated.


  In recent years the amounts of personal photos captured increased
significantly, giving rise to new challenges in multi-image understanding and
high-level image understanding. Event recognition in personal photo albums
presents one challenging scenario where life events are recognized from a
disordered collection of images, including both relevant and irrelevant images.
Event recognition in images also presents the challenge of high-level image
understanding, as opposed to low-level image object classification. In absence
of methods to analyze multiple inputs, previous methods adopted temporal
mechanisms, including various forms of recurrent neural networks. However,
their effective temporal window is local. In addition, they are not a natural
choice given the disordered characteristic of photo albums. We address this gap
with a tailor-made solution, combining the power of CNNs for image
representation and transformers for album representation to perform global
reasoning on image collection, offering a practical and efficient solution for
photo albums event recognition. Our solution reaches state-of-the-art results
on 3 prominent benchmarks, achieving above 90\% mAP on all datasets. We further
explore the related image-importance task in event recognition, demonstrating
how the learned attentions correlate with the human-annotated importance for
this subjective task, thus opening the door for new applications.


  In this short note we provide an analytical formula for the conditional
covariance matrices of the elliptically distributed random vectors, when the
conditioning is based on the values of any linear combination of the marginal
random variables. We show that one could introduce the univariate invariant
depending solely on the conditioning set, which greatly simplifies the
calculations. As an application, we show that one could define uniquely defined
quantile-based sets on which conditional covariance matrices must be equal to
each other if only the vector is multivariate normal. The similar results are
obtained for conditional correlation matrices of the general elliptic case.


  Chitin and protein are two main building blocks for many natural
biomaterials. The interaction between chitin and protein critically determines
the properties of the composite biological materials. As living organisms
usually encounter complex ambient conditions like water, pH and ions are
critical factors towards the structural integrity of biomaterials. It is
therefore essential to study the chitin-protein interface under different
environmental conditions. Here, an atomistic model consisting of a chitin
substrate and a protein filament is constructed, which is regarded as a
representative of the chitin-protein interface existing in many chitin-based
biomaterials. Based on this model, the mechanical properties of chitin-protein
interface under different moisture and pH values are investigated through
molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal a weakening effect of water
towards the chitin-protein interface, as well as acidity, i.e. the protonated
protein forms a stronger adhesion to chitin than that in the alkaline
environment. In addition, the effect from side-chain of protein is studied and
it is found that certain kinds of amino acid can form hydrophobic connections
to chitin surface, which means that these peptides partly dodge the weakening
effect of water. Our observation indicates that terminuses and side-chains in
protein are of importance in forming interfacial hydrogen bonds. From our full
atomistic models, we can observe some molecular mechanisms about how protein
interacts with chitin in different conditions, which may spotlight the
engineering on biomaterials with similar interfaces.


  We introduce a general theory of parametrized objects in the setting of
infinity categories. Although spaces and spectra parametrized over spaces are
the most familiar examples, we establish our theory in the generality of
objects of a presentable infinity category parametrized over objects of an
infinity topos. We obtain a coherent functor formalism describing the
relationship of the various adjoint functors associated to base-change and
symmetric monoidal structures.
  Our main applications are to the study of generalized Thom spectra. We obtain
fiberwise constructions of twisted Umkehr maps for twisted generalized
cohomology theories using a geometric fiberwise construction of Atiyah duality.
In order to characterize the algebraic structures on generalized Thom spectra
and twisted (co)homology, we characterize the generalized Thom spectrum as a
categorification of the well-known adjunction between units and group rings.


  The lightest scalar glueball and ground state hybrids may have been found. I
compare signals reported at this conference with theoretical expectations and
highlight the questions that need to be addressed in forthcoming experiments.


  We revisit the problem of a single quantum impurity on the edge of a
two-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulator and show that the
zero temperature phase diagram contains a large local moment region for
antiferromagnetic Kondo coupling which was missed by previous poor man's
scaling treatments. The combination of an exact solution at the so-called
decoupling point and a renormalization group analysis \`a la
Anderson-Yuval-Hamann allows us to access the regime of strong
electron-electron interactions on the edge and strong Kondo coupling. We apply
similar methods to the problem of a regular one-dimensional array of quantum
impurities interacting with the edge liquid. When the edge electrons are at
half-filling with respect to the impurity lattice, the system remains gapless
unless the Luttinger parameter of the edge is less than 1/2, in which case
two-particle backscattering effects drive the system to a gapped phase with
long-range Ising antiferromagnetic order. This is in marked contrast with the
gapped disordered ground state of the ordinary half-filled one-dimensional
Kondo lattice.


  The presence of exotic matter for the existence of the wormhole geometry has
been an unavoidable problem in GR. In recent studies researchers have tried to
deal with this issue using modified gravity theories where the WH geometry is
explained by the extra curvature terms and NEC's are not violated signifying
the standard matter in the WH geometry. In the present article we are trying to
find the solutions of traversable wormholes with normal matter in the throat
within the framework of symmetric teleparallel gravity $f(Q)$ where $Q$ is the
non metricity scalar which defines the gravitational interaction. We will
examine the wormhole geometries for three forms of function $f(Q)$. First is
the linear form $f(Q)=\alpha Q$, second a non -linear form $f(Q)=\alpha Q^2 +
\beta$ and third one a more general quadratic form $f(Q)=\alpha Q^2 + \beta Q +
\gamma$ with $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ being the constants. For all the
three cases the shape function is taken as $b(r) =
{\frac{r_{0}\ln(r+1)}{\ln({r_0}+1)}}$ where $r_0$ is the throat radius. A
special variable redshift function is considered for the discussion. All the
energy conditions are then examined for the existence and the stability of the
wormhole geometry.


  Hexagonal tortoise problem (HTP), also known as Jisuguimundo or Jisugwimundo,
is a magic square variety which was invented by medieval Korean Mathematician
and minister Suk-Jung Choi (1646-1715).[1] Choi showed pattern 30 vertices 3 by
3 diagonal shape which has 93 as its magic constant. Unlike magic square,
vertices in Jisugwimundo counted one times, twice or three times. This change
makes magic constant of Hexagonal Tortoise Problem could be vary. We consider a
range of hexagonal sums in various Jisugwimundo. In this paper, we decomposed
vertices on Jisugwimundo to some groups. by this way we found the range of
magic constant on several HTP.


  We calculate the pressure (p), the energy density (\epsilon) and the baryon
density (n_B) of QCD at finite temperatures (T) and chemical potentials (\mu).
The recently proposed overlap improving multi-parameter reweighting technique
is used to determine observables at nonvanishing chemical potentials. Our
results are obtained by studying n_f=2+1 dynamical staggered quarks with
semi-realistic masses on N_t=4 lattices.


  For systems of delay differential equations the Hopf bifurcation was
investigated by several authors. The problem we consider here is that of the
possibility of emergence of a codimension two bifurcation, namely the Bautin
bifurcation, for some of such systems.


  In a paper of 2003, B. K\"ulshammer, J. B. Olsson and G. R. Robinson defined
$\ell$-blocks for the symmetric groups, where $\ell >1$ is an arbitrary
integer. In this paper, we give a definition for the defect group of the
principal $\ell$-block. We then check that, in the Abelian case, we have an
analogue of one of M. Brou\'e's conjectures.


  Despite their ubiquity, there are many open questions regarding galactic and
cosmic magnetic fields. Specifically, current observational constraints cannot
rule out if magnetic fields observed in galaxies were generated in the Early
Universe or are of astrophysical nature. Motivated by this we use our magnetic
tracers algorithm to investigate whether the signatures of primordial magnetic
fields persist in galaxies throughout cosmic time. We simulate a Milky Way-like
galaxy in four scenarios: magnetised solely by primordial magnetic fields,
magnetised exclusively by SN-injected magnetic fields, and two combined
primordial + SN magnetisation cases. We find that once primordial magnetic
fields with a comoving strength $B_0 >10^{-12}$ G are considered, they remain
the primary source of galaxy magnetisation. Our magnetic tracers show that,
even combined with galactic sources of magnetisation, when primordial magnetic
fields are strong, they source the large-scale fields in the warm metal-poor
phase of the simulated galaxy. In this case, the circumgalactic and
intergalactic medium can be used to probe $B_0$ without risk of pollution by
magnetic fields originated in the galaxy. Furthermore, whether magnetic fields
are primordial or astrophysically-sourced can be inferred by studying local gas
metallicity. As a result, we predict that future state-of-the-art observational
facilities of magnetic fields in galaxies will have the potential to unravel
astrophysical and primordial magnetic components of our Universe.


  This report describes the design and proposal of a wireless link capable of
broadcasting at 1 Gbps. For this application, isotropic antennas, 256 QAM
modulation, and BER level less than 1e-5, without using error correction
coding, were implemented. A frequency of 5GHz was employed to achieve such high
data rates. For unlicensed operations in this frequency range, the FCC
allocates a 5.15 - 5.35 GHz frequency range with maximum acceptable power
levels no greater than 250mW(~24dBm)[2]. Due to its inexpensiveness and
simplicity, the transceiver architecture and all its subsystems used the
homodyne system. The complete system architecture is described with some of
their most significant performance characteristics, including modulation,
fundamental and 3rd harmonics, power spectra, and constellation diagrams. To
conclude, a Bill of Materials (BOM), costs, and associated specifications were
included.


  The mass of heavy quarks, such as charm and bottom, plays an important role
in the formation of parton showers. This effect is apparently not well
understood when parton showers evolve in a strongly interacting quark-gluon
plasma. We propose a new experimental measurement in relativistic heavy ion
collisions, based on a two-prong subjet structure inside a reconstructed heavy
flavor jet, which can place stringent constraints on the mass dependence of
in-medium splitting functions. We identify the region of jet transverse momenta
where parton mass effects are leading and predict a unique reversal of the mass
hierarchy of jet quenching effects in heavy ion relative to proton collisions.
Namely, the momentum sharing distribution of prompt $b$-tagged jets is more
strongly modified in comparison to the one for light jets. Our work is useful
in guiding experimental efforts at the Large Hadron Collider and the
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in the near future.


  Starting from the Henneaux-Teitelboim action for a chiral scalar, which
generalizes to curved space the Floreanini-Jackiw action, we give two simple
derivations of the exact consistent gravitational anomaly. The first derivation
is through the Schwinger-DeWitt regularization. The second exploits
cohomological methods and uses the fact that in dimension two the
diffeomorphism transformations are described by a single ghost which allows to
climb the cohomological chain in a unique way.


  We present event-by-event simulations for central asymmetric light+heavy and
Au+Au collisions to investigate the formation and evolution of vortex-ring
structures in the longitudinal flow velocity profile. The production-plane
polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons, defined w.r.t. the $\Lambda$ momentum and
the beam, can track the "vortex-ring" feature in the event, a characteristic
vortical structure generated by longitudinal flow gradients. We make
comprehensive model predictions for the rapidity-dependent vortex-ring
observables for different collision system sizes at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =
200$ and 72 GeV. Our predictions at the latter energy can be explored in the
future LHCb fixed-target experiment at the Large Hadron Collider.


  Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is an important transport signature revealing
topological properties of magnetic materials and their spin textures. Recently,
antiferromagnetic MnBi2Te4 has been demonstrated to be an intrinsic magnetic
topological insulator that exhibits quantum AHE in exfoliated nanoflakes.
However, its complicated AHE behaviors may offer an opportunity for the
unexplored correlation between magnetism and band structure. Here, we show the
Berry curvature dominated intrinsic AHE in wafer-scale MnBi2Te4 thin films. By
utilizing a high-dielectric SrTiO3 as the back-gate, we unveil an ambipolar
conduction and electron-hole carrier (n-p) transition in ~7 septuple layer
MnBi2Te4. A quadratic relation between the saturated AHE resistance and
longitudinal resistance suggests its intrinsic AHE mechanism. For ~3 septuple
layer MnBi2Te4, however, the AHE reverses its sign from pristine negative to
positive under the electric-gating. The first-principles calculations
demonstrate that such behavior is due to the competing Berry curvature between
polarized spin-minority-dominated surface states and spin-majority-dominated
inner-bands. Our results shed light on the physical mechanism of the
gate-tunable intrinsic AHE in MnBi2Te4 thin films and provide a feasible
approach to engineering its AHE.


  We measure trends in the diffusion of misinformation on Facebook and Twitter
between January 2015 and July 2018. We focus on stories from 570 sites that
have been identified as producers of false stories. Interactions with these
sites on both Facebook and Twitter rose steadily through the end of 2016.
Interactions then fell sharply on Facebook while they continued to rise on
Twitter, with the ratio of Facebook engagements to Twitter shares falling by
approximately 60 percent. We see no similar pattern for other news, business,
or culture sites, where interactions have been relatively stable over time and
have followed similar trends on the two platforms both before and after the
election.


  In this work, we are focusing on a new and yet uncovered way for malicious
apps to gain profit. They claim to be dating apps. However, their sole purpose
is to lure users into purchasing premium/VIP services to start conversations
with other (likely fake female) accounts in the app. We call these apps as
fraudulent dating apps. This paper performs a systematic study to understand
the whole ecosystem of fraudulent dating apps. Specifically, we have proposed a
three-phase method to detect them and subsequently comprehend their
characteristics via analyzing the existing account profiles. Our observation
reveals that most of the accounts are not managed by real persons, but by
chatbots based on predefined conversation templates. We also analyze the
business model of these apps and reveal that multiple parties are actually
involved in the ecosystem, including producers who develop apps, publishers who
publish apps to gain profit, and the distribution network that is responsible
for distributing apps to end users. Finally, we analyze the impact of them to
users (i.e., victims) and estimate the overall revenue. Our work is the first
systematic study on fraudulent dating apps, and the results demonstrate the
urge for a solution to protect users.


  Our current knowledge of cosmic star-formation history during the first two
billion years (corresponding to redshift z >3) is mainly based on galaxies
identified in rest-frame ultraviolet light. However, this population of
galaxies is known to under-represent the most massive galaxies, which have rich
dust content and/or old stellar populations. This raises the questions of the
true abundance of massive galaxies and the star-formation-rate density in the
early universe. Although several massive galaxies that are invisible in the
ultraviolet have recently been confirmed at early epochs, most of them are
extreme starbursts with star-formation rates exceeding 1000 solar masses per
year, suggesting that they are unlikely to represent the bulk population of
massive galaxies. Here we report submillimeter (wavelength 870um) detections of
39 massive star-forming galaxies at z > 3, which are unseen in the spectral
region from the deepest ultraviolet to the near-infrared. With a space density
of about $2 \times 10^{-5}$ per cubic megaparsec (two orders of magnitudes
higher than extreme starbursts) and star-formation rates of 200 solar masses
per year, these galaxies represent the bulk population of massive galaxies that
have been missed from previous surveys. They contribute a total
star-formation-rate density ten times larger than that of equivalently massive
ultraviolet-bright galaxies at z >3. Residing in the most massive dark matter
halos at their redshifts, they are probably the progenitors of the largest
present-day galaxies in massive groups and clusters. Such a high abundance of
massive and dusty galaxies in the early universe challenges our understanding
of massive-galaxy formation.


  In this paper, we consider a change-point problem for a centered, stationary
and $m$-dependent multivariate random field. Under the distribution free
assumption, a change-point test using CUSUM statistic is proposed to detect
anomalies within a multidimensional random field, controlling the false
positive rate as well as the Family-Wise Error in the multiple hypotheses
testing context.


  Motivated by recent experimental investigations of the isovalent doping
iron-based superconductors LaFe(AsxP1-x)O1-yFy and NdFe(AsxP1-x)O1-yFy we
theoretically study the correlation between the local lattice structure, the
Fermi surface, the spin fluctuation-mediated superconductivity, and the
composition ratio. In the phosphides, the dXZ and dYZ orbitals barely hybridize
around the Gamma point to give rise to two intersecting ellipse shape Fermi
surfaces. As the arsenic content increases and the Fe-As-Fe bond angle is
reduced, the hybridization increases, so that the two bands are mixed to result
in concentric inner and outer Fermi surfaces, and the orbital character
gradually changes to dxz and dyz, where x-y axes are rotated by 45 degrees from
X-Y. This makes the orbital matching between the electron and hole Fermi
surfaces better and enhances the spin fluctuation within the dxz/yz orbitals.
On the other hand, the hybridization splits the two bands, resulting in a more
dispersive inner band. Hence, there is a trade-off between the density of
states and the orbital matching, thereby locally maximizing the dxz/yz spin
fluctuation and superconductivity in the intermediate regime of As/P ratio. The
consistency with the experiment strongly indicate the importance of the spin
fluctuation played in this series of superconductors.


  We assume the market price to diffuse in a hierarchical comb of barriers, the
heights of which represent the importance of new information entering the
market. We find fat tails with the desired exponent for the price change
distribution, and effective multifractality for intermediate times.


  The sigma Orionis cluster is to date the star-forming region with the largest
number of confirmed brown dwarfs and substellar objects below the deuterium
burning mass limit. The most massive star, sigma Ori Aa, just in the cluster
centre, is the \sim20Msol-mass O9.5V star that illuminates the Horsehead
Nebula, while the least massive object yet reported, S Ori 70, is only around 3
MJup. In the middle, there is a continuum of stars and substellar objects of
all types (including magnetically active B2Vp stars, Herbig-Haro objects, FU
Ori stars or T Tauri brown dwarfs) that makes the cluster a cornerstone in the
study of the initial mass function, disc presence, X-ray emission or accretion
at all mass domains. However, the derived masses strongly depend on the actual
heliocentric distance to the cluster. Gaia will solve the dilemma.


  Truncated Riesz spaces was first introduced by Fremlin in the context of
real-valued functions. An appropriate axiomatization of the concept was given
by Ball. Keeping only the first Ball's Axiom (among three) as a definition of
truncated Riesz spaces, the first named author and El Adeb proved that if $E$
is truncated Riesz space then $E\oplus\mathbb{R}$ can be equipped with a
non-standard structure of Riesz space such that $E$ becomes a Riesz subspace of
$E\oplus\mathbb{R}$ and the truncation of $E$ is provided by meet with $1$. In
the present paper, we assume that the truncated Riesz space $E$ has a lattice
norm $\left\Vert .\right\Vert $ and we give a necessary and sufficient
condition for $E\oplus\mathbb{R}$ to have a lattice norm extending $\left\Vert
.\right\Vert $. Moreover, we show that under this condition, the set of all
lattice norms on $E\oplus\mathbb{R}$ extending $\left\Vert .\right\Vert $ has
essentially a largest element $\left\Vert .\right\Vert _{1}$ and a smallest
element $\left\Vert .\right\Vert _{0}$. Also, it turns out that any alternative
lattice norm on $E\oplus\mathbb{R}$ is either equivalent to $\left\Vert
.\right\Vert _{1}$ or equals $\left\Vert .\right\Vert _{0}$. As consequences,
we show that $E\oplus\mathbb{R}$ is a Banach lattice if and only if $E$ is a
Banach lattice and we get a representation's theorem sustained by the celebrate
Kakutani's Representation Theorem.


  A high statistics measurement of the Lambdac+ lifetime from the Fermilab
fixed-target FOCUS photoproduction experiment is presented. We describe the
analysis technique with particular attention to the determination of the
systematic uncertainty. The measured value of 204.6 +/- 3.4 (stat.) +/- 2.5
(syst.) fs from 8034 +/- 122 Lambdac -> pKpi decays represents a significant
improvement over the present world average.


  Assuming a certain continuity property, we prove, using the old results of
Itzykson and Martin, that, except for an obvious ambiguity, there are only at
most two amplitudes reproducing an elastic differential cross section at a
given energy.


  The repeated community-wide reuse of test sets in popular benchmark problems
raises doubts about the credibility of reported test-error rates. Verifying
whether a learned model is overfitted to a test set is challenging as
independent test sets drawn from the same data distribution are usually
unavailable, while other test sets may introduce a distribution shift. We
propose a new hypothesis test that uses only the original test data to detect
overfitting. It utilizes a new unbiased error estimate that is based on
adversarial examples generated from the test data and importance weighting.
Overfitting is detected if this error estimate is sufficiently different from
the original test error rate. We develop a specialized variant of our test for
multiclass image classification, and apply it to testing overfitting of recent
models to the popular ImageNet benchmark. Our method correctly indicates
overfitting of the trained model to the training set, but is not able to detect
any overfitting to the test set, in line with other recent work on this topic.


  This is an old paper put here for archeological purposes. It is proved that a
finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic p>5, that can be
written as a vector space (not necessarily direct) sum of two nilpotent
subalgebras, is solvable. The same result (but covering also the cases of low
characteristics) was established independently by V. Panyukov (Russ. Math.
Surv. 45 (1990), N4, 181-182), and the homological methods utilized in the
proof were developed later in arXiv:math/0204004. Many inaccuracies in the
English translation are corrected, otherwise the text is identical to the
published version.


  The estimation of cumulative distribution functions (CDF) and probability
density functions (PDF) is a fundamental practice in applied statistics.
However, challenges often arise when dealing with data arranged in grouped
intervals. In this paper, we discuss a suitable and highly flexible
non-parametric density estimation approach for binned distributions, based on
cubic monotonicity-preserving splines - known as cubic spline interpolation.
Results from simulation studies demonstrate that this approach outperforms many
widely used heuristic methods. Additionally, the application of this method to
a dataset of train delays in Germany and micro census data on distance and
travel time to work yields both meaningful but also some questionable results.


  The Yano-Koonin-Podgoretskii (YKP) parametrisation of Hanbury Brown-Twiss
(HBT) two-particle correlation functions opens new strategies for extracting
the emission duration and testing the longitudinal expansion in heavy-ion
collisions. Based on the recently derived model-independent expressions, we
present a detailed parameter study of the YKP parameters for a finite,
hydrodynamically expanding source model of heavy-ion collisions. For the class
of models studied here, we show that the three YKP radius parameters have an
interpretation as longitudinal extension, transverse extension and emission
duration of the source in the YKP frame. This frame is specified by the fourth
fit parameter, the Yano-Koonin velocity which describes to a good approximation
the velocity of the fluid element with highest emissivity and allows to test
for the longitudinal expansion of the source. Deviations from this
interpretation of the YKP parameters are discussed quantitatively.


  Since the discovery of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), the anomalous Hall
conductivity (AHC) has been thought to be zero when there is no net
magnetization. However, the recently found relation between the intrinsic AHE
and the Berry curvature predicts other possibilities, such as a large AHC in
non-colinear antiferromagnets with no net magnetization but net Berry
curvature. Vice versa, the AHE in principle could be tuned to zero,
irrespective of a finite magnetization. Here, we experimentally investigate
this possibility and demonstrate that, the symmetry elements of Heusler magnets
can be changed such that the Berry curvature and all the associated properties
are switched while leaving the magnetization unaffected. This enables us to
tune the AHC from 0 {\Omega}-1cm-1 up to 1600 {\Omega}-1cm-1 with an
exceptionally high anomalous Hall angle up to 12 %, while keeping the
magnetization same. Our study shows that the AHC can be controlled by
selectively changing the Berry curvature distribution, independent of the
magnetization.


  We propose a multiparty quantum cryptographic protocol. Unitary operators
applied by Bob and Charlie, on their respective qubits of a tripartite
entangled state encodes a classical symbol that can be decoded at Alice's end
with the help of a decoding matrix. Eve's presence can be detected by the
disturbance of the decoding matrix. Our protocol is secure against
intercept-resend attacks. Furthermore, it is efficient and deterministic in the
sense that two classical bits can be transferred per entangled pair of qubits.
It is worth mentioning that in this protocol same symbol can be used for key
distribution and Eve's detection that enhances the efficiency of the protocol.


  Stochastic Resonance (SR) describes a phenomenon where an additive noise
(stochastic carrier-wave) enhances the signal transmission in a nonlinear
system. In the nervous system, nonlinear properties are present from the level
of single ion channels all the way to perception and appear to support the
emergence of SR. For example, SR has been repeatedly demonstrated for visual
detection tasks, also by adding noise directly to cortical areas via
transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). When dealing with nonlinear
physical systems, it has been suggested that resonance can be induced not only
by adding stochastic signals (i.e., noise) but also by adding a large class of
signals that are not stochastic in nature which cause "deterministic amplitude
resonance" (DAR). Here we mathematically show that high-frequency,
deterministic, periodic signals can yield resonance-like effects with linear
transfer and infinite signal-to-noise ratio at the output. We tested this
prediction empirically and investigated whether non-random, high-frequency,
transcranial alternating current stimulation applied to visual cortex could
induce resonance-like effects and enhance performance of a visual detection
task. We demonstrated in 28 participants that applying 80 Hz triangular-waves
or sine-waves with tACS reduced visual contrast detection threshold for optimal
brain stimulation intensities. The influence of tACS on contrast sensitivity
was equally effective to tRNS-induced modulation, demonstrating that both tACS
and tRNS can reduce contrast detection thresholds. Our findings suggest that a
resonance-like mechanism can also emerge when deterministic electrical
waveforms are applied via tACS.


  We present a maximum entropy inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) approach
for improving the sample quality of diffusion generative models, especially
when the number of generation time steps is small. Similar to how IRL trains a
policy based on the reward function learned from expert demonstrations, we
train (or fine-tune) a diffusion model using the log probability density
estimated from training data. Since we employ an energy-based model (EBM) to
represent the log density, our approach boils down to the joint training of a
diffusion model and an EBM. Our IRL formulation, named Diffusion by Maximum
Entropy IRL (DxMI), is a minimax problem that reaches equilibrium when both
models converge to the data distribution. The entropy maximization plays a key
role in DxMI, facilitating the exploration of the diffusion model and ensuring
the convergence of the EBM. We also propose Diffusion by Dynamic Programming
(DxDP), a novel reinforcement learning algorithm for diffusion models, as a
subroutine in DxMI. DxDP makes the diffusion model update in DxMI efficient by
transforming the original problem into an optimal control formulation where
value functions replace back-propagation in time. Our empirical studies show
that diffusion models fine-tuned using DxMI can generate high-quality samples
in as few as 4 and 10 steps. Additionally, DxMI enables the training of an EBM
without MCMC, stabilizing EBM training dynamics and enhancing anomaly detection
performance.


  It was recently shown how to break supersymmetry in certain $AdS_3$ spaces,
without destabilizing the background, by using a ``double trace'' deformation
which localizes on the boundary of space-time. By viewing spatial sections of
$AdS_3$ as a compactification space, one can convert this into a SUSY breaking
mechanism which exists uniformly throughout a large 3+1 dimensional space-time,
without generating any dangerous tadpoles. This is a generalization of a Visser
type infinite extra dimensions compactification. Although the model is not
Lorentz invariant, the dispersion relation is relativistic at high enough
momenta, and it can be arranged such that at the same kinematical regime the
energy difference between between former members of a SUSY multiplet is large.


  While existing literature relies on performance differences to uncover gender
biases in ASR models, a deeper analysis is essential to understand how gender
is encoded and utilized during transcript generation. This work investigates
the encoding and utilization of gender in the latent representations of two
transformer-based ASR models, Wav2Vec2 and HuBERT. Using linear erasure, we
demonstrate the feasibility of removing gender information from each layer of
an ASR model and show that such an intervention has minimal impacts on the ASR
performance. Additionally, our analysis reveals a concentration of gender
information within the first and last frames in the final layers, explaining
the ease of erasing gender in these layers. Our findings suggest the prospect
of creating gender-neutral embeddings that can be integrated into ASR
frameworks without compromising their efficacy.


  From the basic concepts of general relativity, we investigate the rotation of
the polarization angle by a moving gravitational lens. Particularly, we clarify
the existing confusion in the literature by showing and explaining why such
rotation must explicitly depend on the relative motion between the observer and
the lens. We update the prediction of such effect on the double pulsar PSR
J0737-3039 and estimate a rotation angle of $\sim 10^{-7}rad$. Despite its tiny
signal, this is $10$ orders of magnitude larger than the previous prediction by
Ruggiero and Tartaglia, which apparently was misguided by the confusion in the
literature.


  A fascinating conjectural connection between statistical mechanics and
combinatorics has in the past five years led to the publication of a number of
papers in various areas, including stochastic processes, solvable lattice
models and supersymmetry. This connection, known as the Razumov-Stroganov
conjecture, expresses eigenstates of physical systems in terms of objects known
from combinatorics, which is the mathematical theory of counting. This note
intends to explain this connection in light of the recent papers by Zinn-Justin
and Di Francesco.


  Since the experimental formation of a vortex with a fractional quantized
magnetic flux in a thin superconducting $s$-wave bi-layer was recently
reported, we calculate the local density of states (LDOS) around two half
quantum vortices in a $s$-wave superconductor on the basis of the
quasiclassical Eilenberger theory to investigate the effect of the phase
discontinuity. We show that the LDOS pattern around fractional vortices is
qualitatively different from that around conventional vortex. We find that the
novel bow-tie-shaped bound states appear in the high energy region, which can
be an evidence for the fractional vortices through scanning tunneling
microscopy/spectroscopy. We also show that the system with $n$ fractional
vortices with the vorticity $1/n$ has a similarity to the Josephson junctions.


  This report outlines the proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on
Observing and Understanding Hands in Action (HANDS 2018). The fourth
instantiation of this workshop attracted significant interest from both
academia and the industry. The program of the workshop included regular papers
that are published as the workshop's proceedings, extended abstracts, invited
posters, and invited talks. Topics of the submitted works and invited talks and
posters included novel methods for hand pose estimation from RGB, depth, or
skeletal data, datasets for special cases and real-world applications, and
techniques for hand motion re-targeting and hand gesture recognition. The
invited speakers are leaders in their respective areas of specialization,
coming from both industry and academia. The main conclusions that can be drawn
are the turn of the community towards RGB data and the maturation of some
methods and techniques, which in turn has led to increasing interest for
real-world applications.


  Ultrahigh energy neutrinos (UHE\nu) scatter on relic neutrinos (R\nu)
producing Z bosons, which can decay hadronically producing protons (Z-burst).
We compare the predicted proton spectrum with the observed ultrahigh energy
cosmic ray (UHECR) spectrum and determine the mass of the heaviest R\nu via a
maximum likelihood analysis. Our prediction depends on the origin of the
power-like part of the UHECR spectrum: m_\nu=2.75^{+1.28}_{-0.97} eV for
Galactic halo and 0.26^{+0.20}_{-0.14} eV for extragalactic (EG) origin. The
necessary UHE\nu flux should be detected in the near future.


  An axisymmetric collapse of non-rotating gravitational waves is numerically
investigated in the subcritical regime where no black holes form but where
curvature attains a maximum and decreases, following the dispersion of the
initial wave packet. We focus on a curvature invariant with dimensions of
length, and find that near the threshold for black hole formation it reaches a
maximum along concentric rings of finite radius around the axis. In this regime
the maximal value of the invariant exhibits a power-law scaling with the
approximate exponent 0.38, as a function of a parametric distance from the
threshold. In addition, the variation of the curvature in the critical limit is
accompanied by increasing amount of echos, with nearly equal temporal and
spatial periods. The scaling and the echoing patterns, and the corresponding
constants, are independent of the initial data and coordinate choices.


  Interstellar material surrounding an extrasolar planetary system interacts
with the stellar wind to form the stellar astrosphere, and regulates the
properties of the interplanetary medium and cosmic ray fluxes throughout the
system. Advanced life and civilization developed on Earth during the time
interval when the Sun was immersed in the vacuum of the Local Bubble and the
heliosphere was large, and probably devoid of most anomalous and galactic
cosmic rays. The Sun entered an outflow of diffuse cloud material from the
Sco-Cen Association within the past several thousand years. By analogy with the
Sun and solar system, the Galactic environment of an extrasolar planetary
system must be a key component in understanding the distribution of systems
with stable interplanetary environments, and inner planets which are shielded
by stellar winds from interstellar matter (ISM), such as might be expected for
stable planetary climates.


  Explainability of Reinforcement Learning (RL) policies remains a challenging
research problem, particularly when considering RL in a safety context.
Understanding the decisions and intentions of an RL policy offer avenues to
incorporate safety into the policy by limiting undesirable actions. We propose
the use of a Boolean Decision Rules model to create a post-hoc rule-based
summary of an agent's policy. We evaluate our proposed approach using a DQN
agent trained on an implementation of a lava gridworld and show that, given a
hand-crafted feature representation of this gridworld, simple generalised rules
can be created, giving a post-hoc explainable summary of the agent's policy. We
discuss possible avenues to introduce safety into a RL agent's policy by using
rules generated by this rule-based model as constraints imposed on the agent's
policy, as well as discuss how creating simple rule summaries of an agent's
policy may help in the debugging process of RL agents.


  Recent detections of a low-frequency gravitational wave background (GWB) from
various pulsar-timing-array (PTA) observations have renewed the interest in the
inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), whose population is
believed to be the most promising candidate of but disfavored by the observed
GWB spectrum naively fitted with purely GW-driven circular binaries. Including
either orbital eccentricity or dark matter (DM) spike can improve the fit to
the current data, but the inclusion of both can further display distinctive
features detectable in future PTA observations. With a typical initial
eccentricity $e_0\sim\mathcal{O}(0.1)$ for the inspiraling SMBHBs, even a
shallow DM spike can easily drive the orbital eccentricity close to unity,
leaving behind a large turnover eccentricity when GWs begin to dominate the
orbital circularization. In particular, the DM spike index $\gamma_\mathrm{sp}$
universally flattens the characteristic strain $h_c\sim
f^{7/6-\gamma_\mathrm{sp}/3}$ in the infrared and produces a novel structure
with an oscillating turnover followed by a flat dip and a bump-like peak at
low, intermediate, and high frequencies, respectively. Future PTA detection of
such characteristics would necessarily provide the smoking gun for the DM spike
and even reveal the nature of DM.


  The amount of mass lost by stars during the red-giant branch (RGB) phase is
one of the main parameters to understand and correctly model the late stages of
stellar evolution. Nevertheless, a fully-comprehensive knowledge of the RGB
mass loss is still missing.
  Galactic Globular Clusters (GCs) are ideal targets to derive empirical
formulations of mass loss, but the presence of multiple populations with
different chemical compositions has been a major challenge to constrain stellar
masses and RGB mass losses. Recent work has disentangled the distinct stellar
populations along the RGB and the horizontal branch (HB) of 46 GCs, thus
providing the possibility to estimate the RGB mass loss of each stellar
population. The mass losses inferred for the stellar populations with pristine
chemical composition (called first-generation or 1G stars) tightly correlate
with cluster metallicity. This finding allows us to derive an empirical RGB
mass-loss law for 1G stars.
  In this paper we investigate seven GCs with no evidence of multiple
populations and derive the RGB mass loss by means of high-precision {\it
Hubble-Space Telescope} photometry and accurate synthetic photometry.
  We find a cluster-to-cluster variation in the mass loss ranging from
$\sim$0.1 to $\sim$0.3 $M_{\odot}$.
  The RGB mass loss of simple-population GCs correlates with the metallicity of
the host cluster. The discovery that simple-population GCs and 1G stars of
multiple population GCs follow similar mass-loss vs. metallicity relations
suggests that the resulting mass-loss law is a standard outcome of stellar
evolution.


  We analyse the kinematics of cosmological spacetimes with nonzero torsion, in
the framework of the classical Einstein-Cartan gravity. After a brief
introduction to the basic features of spaces with non-vanishing torsion, we
consider a family of observers moving along timelike worldlines and focus on
their kinematic behaviour. In so doing, we isolate the irreducible variables
monitoring the observers' motion and derive their evolution formulae and
associated constraint equations. Our aim is to identify the effects of
spacetime torsion, and the changes they introduce into the kinematics of the
standard, torsion-free, cosmological models. We employ a fully geometrical
approach, imposing no restrictions on the material content, or any a priori
couplings between torsion and spin. Also, we do not apply the familiar
splitting of the equations, into a purely Riemannian component plus a
torsion/spin part, at the start of our study, but only introduce it at the very
end. With the general formulae at hand, we use the Einstein-Cartan field
equations to incorporate explicitly the spin of the matter. The resulting
formulae fully describe the kinematics of dynamical spacetimes within the
framework of the Einstein-Cartan gravity, while in the special case of the
so-called Weyssenhoff fluid, they recover results previously reported in the
literature.


  Traditional tests are not effective tools for diagnosing the content and
structure of students' knowledge of physics. As a possible alternative, a set
of term-association tasks (the "ConMap" tasks) was developed to probe the
interconnections within students' store of conceptual knowledge. The tasks have
students respond spontaneously to a term or problem or topic area with a
sequence of associated terms; the response terms and timeof- entry data are
captured. The tasks were tried on introductory physics students, and
preliminary investigations show that the tasks are capable of eliciting
information about the stucture of their knowledge. Specifically, data gathered
through the tasks is similar to that produced by a hand-drawn concept map task,
has measures that correlate with inclass exam performance, and is sensitive to
learning produced by topic coverage in class. Although the results are
preliminary and only suggestive, the tasks warrant further study as
student-knowledge assessment instruments and sources of experimental data for
cognitive modeling efforts.


  In this work, we study quantum error-correcting codes obtained by using
Steane-enlargement. We apply this technique to certain codes defined from
Cartesian products previously considered by Galindo et al. in [4]. We give
bounds on the dimension increase obtained via enlargement, and additionally
give an algorithm to compute the true increase. A number of examples of codes
are provided, and their parameters are compared to relevant codes in the
literature, which shows that the parameters of the enlarged codes are
advantageous. Furthermore, comparison with the Gilbert-Varshamov bound for
stabilizer quantum codes shows that several of the enlarged codes match or
exceed the parameters promised by the bound.


  This paper establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for
$L^p$-boundedness of a class of multilinear functionals which includes both the
Brascamp-Lieb inequalities and generalized Radon transforms associated to
algebraic incidence relations. The testing condition involves bounding the
average of an inverse power of certain Jacobian-type quantities along fibers of
associated projections and covers many widely-studied special cases, including
convolution with measures on nondegenerate hypersurfaces or on nondegenerate
curves. The heart of the proof is based on Guth's visibility lemma in one
direction and on a careful analysis of Knapp-type examples in the other.
Various applications are discussed which demonstrate new and subtle interplay
between curvature and transversality and establish nontrivial mixed-norm
$L^p$-improving inequalities in the model case of convolution with affine
hypersurface measure on the paraboloid.


  It is shown that the non-homogeneous Dirichlet and Neuman problems for the
$2^{nd}$-order Seiberg-Witten equation admit a regular solution once the
$\mathcal{H}$-condition (described in the article) is satisfied. The approach
consist in applying the elliptic techniques to the variational setting of the
Seiberg-Witten equation.


  We review in some detail the QCD corrections to the measurement of the
forward-backward charge asymmetry of heavy quarks in the
$\mathrm{e^+e^-\rightarrow Q\overline{Q}(g)}$ process at the Z pole. We show
that the size of these corrections can be reduced by an order of magnitude by
using simple cuts on jet acollinearity. Such a reduction is expected to lead to
systematic uncertainties at the $\Delta \mathrm{A_{FB}^{0,Q}} \approx 10^{-4}$
level, opening up the path to high precision electroweak measurements with
heavy flavors at future high luminosity $\mathrm{e^+e^-}$ colliders like the
FCC-ee.


  The Gessel number $P(n,r)$ is the number of the paths in plane with $(1, 0)$
and $(0,1)$ steps from $(0,0)$ to $(n+r, n+r-1)$ that never touch any of the
points from the set $\{(x,x)\in \mathbb{Z}^2: x\geq r\}$. We show that there is
a close relationship between the Gessel numbers $P(n,r)$ and the super Catalan
numbers $S(n,r)$. By using new sums, we prove that an alternating convolution
of the Gessel numbers $P(n,r)$ is always divisible by \frac{1}{2}$S(n,r)$.


  `What more than its truth do we know if we have a proof of a theorem in a
given formal system?' We examine Kreisel's question in the particular context
of program termination proofs, with an eye to deriving complexity bounds on
program running times.
  Our main tool for this are length function theorems, which provide complexity
bounds on the use of well quasi orders. We illustrate how to prove such
theorems in the simple yet until now untreated case of ordinals. We show how to
apply this new theorem to derive complexity bounds on programs when they are
proven to terminate thanks to a ranking function into some ordinal.


  Planets that closely orbit magnetically active stars are thought to be able
to interact with their magnetic fields in a way that modulates stellar
activity. This modulation in phase with the planetary orbit, such as enhanced
X-ray activity, chromospheric spots, radio emission, or flares, is considered
the clearest sign of magnetic star-planet interaction (SPI). However, the
magnitude of this interaction is poorly constrained, and the intermittent
nature of the interaction is a challenge for observers. AU Mic is an early M
dwarf, and the most actively flaring planet host detected to date. Its
innermost companion, AU Mic b, is a promising target for magnetic SPI
observations. We used optical light curves of AU Mic obtained by the Transiting
Exoplanet Survey Satellite to search for signs of flaring SPI with AU Mic b
using a customized Anderson-Darling test. In the about $50$ days of
observations, the flare distributions with orbital, rotational, and synodic
periods were generally consistent with intrinsic stellar flaring. We found the
strongest deviation ($p=0.07,\;n=71$) from intrinsic flaring with the orbital
period of AU Mic b, in the high energy half of our sample ($ED>1$ s). If it
reflects the true SPI signal from AU Mic b, extending the observing time by a
factor of $2-3$ will yield a $>3\sigma$ detection. Continued monitoring of AU
Mic may therefore reveal flaring SPI with orbital phase, while rotational
modulation will smear out due to the star's strong differential rotation.


  Homomorphic analysis is a well-known method for the separation of
non-linearly combined signals. More particularly, the use of complex cepstrum
for source-tract deconvolution has been discussed in various articles. However
there exists no study which proposes a glottal flow estimation methodology
based on cepstrum and reports effective results. In this paper, we show that
complex cepstrum can be effectively used for glottal flow estimation by
separating the causal and anticausal components of a windowed speech signal as
done by the Zeros of the Z-Transform (ZZT) decomposition. Based on exactly the
same principles presented for ZZT decomposition, windowing should be applied
such that the windowed speech signals exhibit mixed-phase characteristics which
conform the speech production model that the anticausal component is mainly due
to the glottal flow open phase. The advantage of the complex cepstrum-based
approach compared to the ZZT decomposition is its much higher speed.


  Decentralized machine learning (DL) has been receiving an increasing interest
recently due to the elimination of a single point of failure, present in
Federated learning setting. Yet, it is threatened by the looming threat of
Byzantine clients who intentionally disrupt the learning process by
broadcasting arbitrary model updates to other clients, seeking to degrade the
performance of the global model. In response, robust aggregation schemes have
emerged as promising solutions to defend against such Byzantine clients,
thereby enhancing the robustness of Decentralized Learning. Defenses against
Byzantine adversaries, however, typically require access to the updates of
other clients, a counterproductive privacy trade-off that in turn increases the
risk of inference attacks on those same model updates.
  In this paper, we introduce SecureDL, a novel DL protocol designed to enhance
the security and privacy of DL against Byzantine threats. SecureDL~facilitates
a collaborative defense, while protecting the privacy of clients' model updates
through secure multiparty computation. The protocol employs efficient
computation of cosine similarity and normalization of updates to robustly
detect and exclude model updates detrimental to model convergence. By using
MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, SVHN and CIFAR-10 datasets, we evaluated SecureDL against
various Byzantine attacks and compared its effectiveness with four existing
defense mechanisms. Our experiments show that SecureDL is effective even in the
case of attacks by the malicious majority (e.g., 80% Byzantine clients) while
preserving high training accuracy.


  A chest X-ray is one of the most widely available radiological examinations
for diagnosing and detecting various lung illnesses. The National Institutes of
Health (NIH) provides an extensive database, ChestX-ray8 and ChestXray14, to
help establish a deep learning community for analysing and predicting lung
diseases. ChestX-ray14 consists of 112,120 frontal-view X-ray images of 30,805
distinct patients with text-mined fourteen disease image labels, where each
image has multiple labels and has been utilised in numerous research in the
past. To our current knowledge, no previous study has investigated outliers and
multi-label impact for a single X-ray image during the preprocessing stage. The
effect of outliers is mitigated in this paper by our proposed auto-outlier
fusion technique. The image label is regenerated by concentrating on a
particular factor in one image. The final cleaned dataset will be used to
compare the mechanisms of multi-head self-attention and multi-head attention
with generalised max-pooling.


  In this paper, we introduce a new concept namely degree polynomial for
vertices of a simple graph. This notion leads to a concept namely degree
polynomial sequence which is stronger than the concept of degree sequence.
After obtaining the degree polynomial sequence for some well-known graphs, we
prove a theorem which gives a necessary condition for realizability of a
sequence of polynomials with coefficients in positive integers. Also we
calculate the degree polynomial for vertises of join, Cartesian product, tensor
product, and lexicographic product of two simple graphs and for vertices of the
complement of a simple graph. Some examples, counterexamples, and open problems
concerning to this subjects, is given as well


  The thermo-spin conversion provides new concepts for further developing the
green energy-harvesting technology because spin can be controlled with minimal
energy in nanostructures. Through theoretical analysis of thermo-spin
generation, transportation and conversion in ferromagnet/non-ferromagnet/heavy
metal (FM/NM/HM) vertical structures, we found that the output transverse
thermo-spin voltage is independent of the structure's width, but varies in a
linear function with the structure's length. To validate our predictions, we
fabricated the thermo-spin devices with a CoFeAl/Cu/Pt structure. Our results
indicate that FM/NM/HM structures can be utilized to design flexible
thermo-spin conversion devices.


  Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) stands as a cornerstone
approach in imitation learning. This paper investigates the gradient explosion
in two types of GAIL: GAIL with deterministic policy (DE-GAIL) and GAIL with
stochastic policy (ST-GAIL). We begin with the observation that the training
can be highly unstable for DE-GAIL at the beginning of the training phase and
end up divergence. Conversely, the ST-GAIL training trajectory remains
consistent, reliably converging. To shed light on these disparities, we provide
an explanation from a theoretical perspective. By establishing a probabilistic
lower bound for GAIL, we demonstrate that gradient explosion is an inevitable
outcome for DE-GAIL due to occasionally large expert-imitator policy disparity,
whereas ST-GAIL does not have the issue with it. To substantiate our assertion,
we illustrate how modifications in the reward function can mitigate the
gradient explosion challenge. Finally, we propose CREDO, a simple yet effective
strategy that clips the reward function during the training phase, allowing the
GAIL to enjoy high data efficiency and stable trainability.


  Resonant photon modes of a 5mm diameter YIG sphere loaded in a cylindrical
cavity in the 10-30GHz frequency range are characterised as a function of
applied DC magnetic field at millikelvin temperatures. The photon modes are
confined mainly to the sphere, and exhibited large mode filling factors in
comparison to previous experiments, allowing ultrastrong coupling with the
magnon spin wave resonances. The largest observed coupling between photons and
magnons is $2g/2\pi=7.11$ GHz for a 15.5 GHz mode, corresponding to a
cooperativity of $C=1.51\pm0.47\times10^7$. Complex modifications beyond a
simple multi-oscillator model, of the photon mode frequencies were observed
between 0 and 0.1 Tesla. Between 0.4 to 1 Tesla, degenerate resonant photon
modes were observed to interact with magnon spin wave resonances with different
couplings strengths, indicating time reversal symmetry breaking due to the
gyrotropic permeability of YIG. Bare dielectric resonator mode frequencies were
determined by detuning magnon modes to significantly higher frequencies with
strong magnetic fields. By comparing measured mode frequencies at 7 Tesla with
Finite Element modelling, a bare dielectric permittivity of $15.96\pm0.02$ of
the YIG crystal has been determined at about $20$ mK.


  In this paper, we revisit the null boundary gravitational charge in the
Newman-Penrose formalism with special emphasis on the charges from local
Lorentz transformations. We find that there is one more charge derived from the
local Lorentz transformation and the new charge is purely from the Holst term.
This reveals a remarkable fact that trivial terms which do not change classical
equations of motion can not only affect the boundary degrees of freedom through
their contributions to the boundary charges but also have their own rights to
create new boundary degrees of freedom.


  We study the radial-velocity and light curves of the two eclipsing binaries
EE Aqr and Z Vul. Using the latest version of the Wilson & Van Hamme (2003)
model, absolute parameters for the systems are determined. We find that EE Aqr
and Z Vul are near-contact and semi-detached systems, respectively. The primary
component of EE Aqr fills about 96% of its 'Roche lobe', while its secondary
one appears close to completely filling this limiting volume. In a similar way,
we find fill-out proportions of about 72 and 100% of these volumes for the
primary and secondary components of Z Vul respectively. We compare our results
with those of previous authors.


  We study in detail (p)reheating after multi-field inflation models with a
particular focus on N-flation. We consider a variety of different couplings
between the inflatons and the matter sector, including both quartic and
trilinear interactions with a light scalar field. We show that the presence of
multiple oscillating inflatons makes parametric resonance inefficient in the
case of the quartic interactions. Moreover, perturbative processes do not
permit a complete decay of the inflaton for this coupling. In order to recover
the hot big bang, we must instead consider trilinear couplings. In this case we
show that strong nonperturbative preheating is possible via multi-field
tachyonic resonance. In addition, late-time perturbative effects do permit a
complete decay of the condensate. We also study the production of gauge fields
for several prototype couplings, finding similar results to the trilinear
scalar coupling. During the course of our analysis we develop the mathematical
theory of the quasi-periodic Mathieu equation, the multi-field generalization
of the Floquet theory familiar from preheating after single field inflation. We
also elaborate on the theory of perturbative decays of a classical inflaton
condensate, which is applicable in single-field models also.


  Teleportation of a pure two particle entangled state of continuous variables
by triplet of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger form is considered.
  The three-particle basis needed for a joint measurement is found. It
describes a measurement of momentum one of single particle and total moment and
relative position of the two others. Optical realization using squeezed state
of the light is discussed.


  A "genome structure" is a labeled directed graph with vertices of degree 1 or
2. A set of operations over such graphs is fixed, and each of the operations
has a certain cost, a strictly positive number. The transformation problem
consists in the following: for given structures a and b and given costs, find a
minimum total cost sequence of operations transforming a into b ("the shortest
transformation of a into b"). Each operation corresponds to an "event", the
latter being a change in the graph caused by executing one of the operations
over it. The possibility of assigning different costs is important in
applications, since it allows to distinguish between frequent and rare events.
Apparently, arbitrary costs make the problem NP-hard, which results in
nontriviality of passing from one restriction on costs to another, if the
problem is solved by a linear or at least polynomial algorithm (assuming that P
is not equal NP). We propose a novel linear time and space algorithm which
constructs a sequence of operations transforming a to b with total cost close
or equal to the absolute minimum. Namely, if all the so-called DCJ operations
have the same cost w and if deletions and insertions have costs either both
larger or both less than w, then the algorithm outputs a transformation of a
into b with the total cost differing from the absolute minimum by at most 2w
(in the former case) or equal to it (in the latter case). In some cases, the
algorithm outputs an exact solution, e.g., in the case of circular genome
structures. The condition on the costs of deletions and insertions can be
omitted (although the proof described below does not include this general
case).


  High density phase transitions in a 4 dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
containing a single symmetry breaking order parameter coming from the
fermion-antifermion condensates are researched and expounded by means of both
the gap equation and the effective potential approach. The phase transitions
are proven to be second order at a high temperature $T$; however at T=0, they
are first- or second- order, depending on whether $\Lambda/m(0)$, the ratio of
the momentum cutoff $\Lambda$ in the fermion loop integrals to the dynamical
fermion mass $m(0)$ at zero temperature, is less than 3.387 or not. The former
condition can not be satisfied in some models. The discussions further show
complete effectiveness of the critical analysis based on the gap equation for
second order phase transitions including determination of the condition of
their occurrence.


  We propose a mapping between geometry and kinematics that implies the
classical equivalence of any theory of massless bosons -- including spin and
exhibiting arbitrary derivative or potential interactions -- to a nonlinear
sigma model (NLSM) with a momentum-dependent metric in field space. From this
kinematic metric we construct a corresponding kinematic connection, covariant
derivative, and curvature, all of which transform appropriately under general
field redefinitions, even including derivatives. We show explicitly how all
tree-level on-shell scattering amplitudes of massless bosons are equal to those
of the NLSM via the replacement of geometry with kinematics. Lastly, we
describe how the recently introduced geometric soft theorem of the NLSM, which
universally encodes all leading and subleading soft scalar theorems, also
captures the soft photon theorems.


  We consider a family of exact solutions to a nonlinear reaction-diffusion
model, constructed using nonclassical symmetry analysis. In a particular limit,
the mathematical model approaches the well-known Fisher-KPP model, which means
that it is related to various applications including cancer progression, wound
healing and ecological invasion. The exact solution is mathematically
interesting since exact solutions of the Fisher-KPP model are rare, and often
restricted to long-time travelling wave solutions for special values of the
travelling wave speed.


  This study tries to develop new attenuation relationships of peak ground
velocity using machine learning methods; random forest and neural network. In
order to compare with the predictors obtained by machine learning, we have also
constructed a new attenuation relationship of peak ground velocity using
three-stage regression procedure proposed by Molas and Yamazaki (1995). In this
study, 6,944 ground motion records at 1,184 seismic observation stations which
were observed during the 32 earthquakes are employed to construct the
attenuation relationships. Ground motion records from the 4 recent earthquakes
are used as the test dataset. The test results show that when the shortest
distance from the fault is small, the predictions by machine learning
techniques are more accurate than the traditional equation. However, there is
still a problem of overestimation in the predictors of machine learning, even
if weights are added to the training dataset. In addition, the station
correction factors based on machine learning were derived and proved to be
correlated with the average shear wave velocity.


  Exploring exoplanets has transformed our understanding of the universe by
revealing many planetary systems that defy our current understanding. To study
their atmospheres, spectroscopic observations are used to infer essential
atmospheric properties that are not directly measurable. Estimating atmospheric
parameters that best fit the observed spectrum within a specified atmospheric
model is a complex problem that is difficult to model. In this paper, we
present a multi-target probabilistic regression approach that combines deep
learning and inverse modeling techniques within a multimodal architecture to
extract atmospheric parameters from exoplanets. Our methodology overcomes
computational limitations and outperforms previous approaches, enabling
efficient analysis of exoplanetary atmospheres. This research contributes to
advancements in the field of exoplanet research and offers valuable insights
for future studies.


  The quark-gluon plasma in stellar structure is investigated using the
fluid-like QCD approach. The classical energy momentum tensor relevant for high
energy and hot plasma having the nature of fluid bulk of gluon sea is
calculated within the model. The transition of gluon field from point particle
field inside stable hadrons to relativistic fluid field in hot plasma and vice
versa is briefly discussed. The results are applied to construct the equation
of state using the Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff equation to describe the hot
plasma dominated stellar structure.


  The recent atmospheric neutrino data from Super-Kamiokande provide strong
evidence of neutrino oscillations and therefore of non-zero neutrino mass.
These data imply a lower limit on the hot dark matter (i.e., light neutrino)
contribution to the cosmological density $\Omega_\nu >~ 0.001$ --- almost as
much as that of all the stars in the universe --- and permit higher
$\Omega_\nu$. The ``standard'' COBE-normalized critical-matter-density (i.e.,
$\Omega_m=1$) Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model has too much power on small scales.
But adding to CDM neutrinos with mass of about 5 eV, corresponding to
$\Omega_\nu \approx 0.2$, results in a much improved fit to data on the nearby
galaxy and cluster distribution. Indeed, the resulting Cold + Hot Dark Matter
(CHDM) cosmological model is arguably the most successful $\Omega_m=1$ model
for structure formation. However, other recent data has begun to make the case
for $\Omega_m <~ 0.6$ fairly convincing. In light of all this new data, we
reconsider whether cosmology still provides evidence favoring neutrino mass of
a few eV in flat models with cosmological constant $\Omega_\Lambda = 1 -
\Omega_m$. We find that the possible improvement of the low-$\Omega_m$ flat
(LCDM) cosmological models with the addition of light neutrinos appears to be
rather limited.


  This paper investigates the possibilities offered by combining regularization
and preconditioning by the same symmetric positive semi-definite operator when
solving ill-posed problems. We study the question of the stopping criterion,
and the possibility offered by Ritz eigenelements for the a posteriori
filtering of the solution and the tuning of Tikhonov's weight. The method is
applied as the linear solver for an optical flow estimator and it is coupled
with a subspace recycling strategy.


  A density matrix based analytical model is developed to study the coherent
probe field propagation through a four-level V type system in presence of a
coherent control field. The model allows coupling of the probe field from the
upper ground level to both of the excited levels keeping the control field
locked to a particular transition. The addition of an extra ground level to a
conventional three-level V type system creates extra decay paths to the ground
levels for the upper level population. A set of sixteen density matrix based
equations are formed and then solved analytically under rotating wave
approximation to study the probe response under steady state condition. The
simulated probe absorption spectra shows absorption dip at the centre of a
transparency window only under Doppler broadened condition although the
conventional EIT window appears under Doppler free condition. The dependence of
the field induced absorption signal on the Rabi frequency of the control field,
population transfer rate among the ground levels and temperature of the vapour
medium has been studied in details.


  The increasing penetration of renewable energy in recent years has led to
more uncertainties in power systems. In order to maintain system reliability
and security, electricity market operators need to keep certain reserves in the
Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) problems. A new concept,
deliverable generation ramping reserve, is proposed in this paper. The prices
of generation ramping reserves and generation capacity reserves are derived in
the Affine Adjustable Robust Optimization framework. With the help of these
prices, the valuable reserves can be identified among the available reserves.
These prices provide crucial information on the values of reserve resources,
which are critical for the long-term flexibility investment. The market
equilibrium based on these prices is analyzed. Simulations on a 3-bus system
and the IEEE 118-bus system are performed to illustrate the concept of ramping
reserve price and capacity reserve price. The impacts of the reserve credit on
market participants are discussed.


  We study bipartite entangled states in arbitrary dimensions and obtain
different bounds for the entanglement measures in terms of teleportation
fidelity. We find that there is a simple relation between negativity and
teleportation fidelity for pure states but for mixed states, an upper bound is
obtained for negativity in terms of teleportation fidelity using convex-roof
extension negativity (CREN). However, with this it is not clear how to
distinguish betweeen states useful for teleportation and positive partial
transpose (PPT) entangled states. Further, there exists a strong conjecture in
the literature that all PPT entangled states, in 3 \times 3 systems, have
Schmidt rank two. This motivates us to develop measures capable of identifying
states useful for teleportation and dependent on the Schmidt number. We thus
establish various relations between teleportation fidelity and entanglement
measures depending upon Schmidt rank of the states. These relations and bounds
help us to determine the amount of entanglement required for teleportation,
which we call the ``Entanglement of Teleportation''. These bounds are used to
determine the teleportation fidelity as well as the entanglement required for
teleportation of states modeled by a two qutrit mixed system, as well as two
qubit open quantum systems.


  The most metal-poor DLA known to date, at z = 2.61843 in the spectrum of the
QSO Q0913+072, with an oxygen abundance only about 1/250 of the solar value,
shows six well resolved D I Lyman series transitions in high quality echelle
spectra recently obtained with the ESO VLT. We deduce a value of the deuterium
abundance log (D/H) = -4.56+/-0.04 which is in good agreement with four out of
the six most reliable previous determinations of this ratio in QSO absorbers.
We find plausible reasons why in the other two cases the 1 sigma errors may
have been underestimated by about a factor of two. The addition of this latest
data point does not change significantly the mean value of the primordial
abundance of deuterium, suggesting that we are now converging to a reliable
measure of this quantity. We conclude that <log (D/H)_p> = -4.55+/-0.03 and
Omega_b h^2 (BBN) = 0.0213+/-0.0010 (68% confidence limits). Including the
latter as a prior in the analysis of the five year data of WMAP leads to a
revised best-fitting value of the power-law index of primordial fluctuations
n_s = 0.956+/-0.013 (1 sigma) and n_s < 0.990 with 99% confidence. Considering
together the constraints provided by WMAP 5, (D/H)_p, baryon oscillations in
the galaxy distribution, and distances to Type Ia supernovae, we arrive at the
current best estimates Omega_b h^2 = 0.0224+/-0.0005 and n_s = 0.959+/-0.013.


  We analytically investigate the nonlinear response of a damped doubly clamped
nanomechanical beam under static longitudinal compression which is excited to
transverse vibrations. Starting from a continuous elasticity model for the
beam, we consider the dynamics of the beam close to the Euler buckling
instability. There, the fundamental transverse mode dominates and a quantum
mechanical time-dependent effective single particle Hamiltonian for its
amplitude can be derived. In addition, we include the influence of a
dissipative Ohmic or super-Ohmic environment. In the rotating frame, a
Markovian master equation is derived which includes also the effect of the
time-dependent driving in a non-trivial way. The quasienergies of the pure
system show multiple avoided level crossings corresponding to multiphonon
transitions in the resonator. Around the resonances, the master equation is
solved analytically using Van Vleck perturbation theory. Their lineshapes are
calculated resulting in simple expressions. We find the general solution for
the multiple multiphonon resonances and, most interestingly, a bath-induced
transition from a resonant to an antiresonant behavior of the nonlinear
response.


  I briefly present a personal view about alleged scientific results on free
will.


  Current observational evidence suggests that the star formation rate (SFR)
efficiency of neutral atomic hydrogen gas measured in Damped Ly-alpha Systems
(DLAs) at z~3 is more than 10 times lower than predicted by the
Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation. To understand the origin of this deficit, and
to investigate possible evolution with redshift and galaxy properties, we
measure the SFR efficiency of atomic gas at z~1, z~2, and z~3 around
star-forming galaxies. We use new robust photometric redshifts in the Hubble
Ultra Deep Field to create galaxy stacks in these three redshift bins, and
measure the SFR efficiency by combining DLA absorber statistics with the
observed rest-frame UV emission in the galaxies' outskirts. We find that the
SFR efficiency of HI gas at z>1 is ~1-3% of that predicted by the KS relation.
Contrary to simulations and models that predict a reduced SFR efficiency with
decreasing metallicity and thus with increasing redshift, we find no
significant evolution in the SFR efficiency with redshift. Our analysis instead
suggests that the reduced SFR efficiency is driven by the low molecular content
of this atomic-dominated phase, with metallicity playing a secondary effect in
regulating the conversion between atomic and molecular gas. This interpretation
is supported by the similarity between the observed SFR efficiency and that
observed in local atomic-dominated gas, such as in the outskirts of local
spiral galaxies and local dwarf galaxies.


  In this paper, we study the inverse surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space
$\mathbb{E}^{3}$. We obtain some results relating Christoffel symbols, the
normal curvatures, the shape operators and the third fundamental forms of the
inverse surfaces


  We calculate the MSSM $O(\alpha)$ corrections to the main production
processes of strong top pair production at the upgraded Tevatron and at the
LHC. In exploring the potential of future hadron colliders for performing
electroweak precision physics we study their effects on the total hadronic
cross sections, the invariant $t\bar t$ mass distributions and give first
results for parity violating asymmetries in the production of left and right
handed top quarks.


  We show that any free product of finite-dimensional von Neumann algebras
equipped with non-tracial states is isomorphic to a free Araki-Woods factor
with its free quasi-free state possibly direct sum a finite-dimensional von
Neumann algebra. This gives a complete answer to questions posed by Dykema and
Shlyakhtenko, which had been partially answered by work of Houdayer and work of
Ueda. We also extend this to suitable infinite-dimensional von Neumann algebras
with almost periodic states.


  We consider two species of self-propelled point particles: A-particles and
B-particles. The orientations between nearby particles are subject to pair
interactions of different strength for A-A-, A-B-(=B-A-) and B-B-interactions,
respectively. Even if all interactions involved are repelling, that is, if they
locally favor anti-alignment between each pair of particles, we find global
polar order of both A-particles and B-particles We find qualitative agreement
between agent-based simulations and mean field theory. Beyond mean field, we
develop a Boltzmann-scattering theory based on one-sided molecular chaos that
yields excellent quantitative agreement with simulations for dilute systems.
For large systems, we find, depending on parameters, either
micro-phase-separation or static patterns with either patches or stripes that
carry different polarization orientations.


  We study an effective model of microscopic facet formation for low
temperature three dimensional microscopic Wulff crystals above the droplet
condensation threshold. The model we consider is a 2+1 solid on solid surface
coupled with high and low density bulk Bernoulli fields. At equilibrium the
surface stays flat. Imposing a canonical constraint on excess number of
particles forces the surface to "grow" through the sequence of spontaneous
creations of macroscopic size monolayers. We prove that at all sufficiently low
temperatures, as the excess particle constraint is tuned, the model undergoes
an infinite sequence of first order transitions, which traces an infinite
sequence of first order transitions in the underlying variational problem. Away
from transition values of canonical constraint we prove sharp concentration
results for the rescaled level lines around solutions of the limiting
variational problem.


  Angular momentum plays very important roles in the formation of PBHs in the
matter-dominated phase if it lasts sufficiently long. In fact, most collapsing
masses are bounced back due to centrifugal force, since angular momentum
significantly grows before collapse. As a consequence, most of the formed PBHs
are rapidly rotating near the extreme value $a_{*}=1$, where $a_{*}$ is the
nondimensional Kerr parameter at their formation. The smaller the density
fluctuation $\sigma_{H}$ at horizon entry is, the stronger the tendency towards
the extreme rotation. Combining the effect of angular momentum with that of
anisotropy, we estimate the black hole production rate. We find that the
production rate suffers from suppression dominantly due to angular momentum for
a smaller value of $\sigma_{H}$, while due to anisotrpopy for a larger value of
$\sigma_{H}$. We argue that matter domination significantly enhances the
production of PBHs despite the suppression. If the matter-dominated phase does
not last so long, the effect of the finite duration significantly suppresses
PBH formation and weakens the tendency towards large spins. (abridged)


  BaBiO3 is a material where formally Bi4+ ions with the half-filled 6s-states
form the alternating set of Bi3+ and Bi5+ ions resulting in a charge ordered
insulator. The charge ordering is accompanied by the breathing distortion of
the BiO6 octahedra (extension and contraction of the Bi-O bond lengths).
Standard Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations fail to obtain the
crystal structure instability caused by the pure breathing distortions.
Combining effects of the breathing distortions and tilting of the BiO6
octahedra allows DFT to reproduce qualitatively experimentally observed
insulator with monoclinic crystal structure but gives strongly underestimate
breathing distortion parameter and energy gap values. In the present work we
reexamine the BaBiO3 problem within the GGA+U method using a Wannier functions
basis set for the Bi 6s-band. Due to high oxidation state of bismuth in this
material the Bi 6s-symmetry Wannier function is predominantly extended
spatially on surrounding oxygen ions and hence differs strongly from a pure
atomic 6s-orbital. That is in sharp contrast to transition metal oxides (with
exclusion of high oxidation state compounds) where the major part a of d-band
Wannier function is concentrated on metal ion and a pure atomic d-orbital can
serve as a good approximation. The GGA+U calculation results agree well with
experimental data, in particular with experimental crystal structure parameters
and energy gap values. Moreover, the GGA+U method allows one to reproduce the
crystal structure instability due to the pure breathing distortions without
octahedra tilting.


  We present a variational calculation of the spin wave excitation spectrum of
double--exchange ferromagnets in different dimensions. Our theory recovers the
Random Phase approximation and 1/S expansion results as limiting cases and can
be used to study the intermediate exchange coupling and electron concentration
regime relevant to the manganites. In particular, we treat exactly the long
range three--body correlations between a Fermi sea electron--hole pair and a
magnon excitation and show that they strongly affect the spin dynamics in the
parameter range relevant to experiments in the manganites. The manifestations
of these correlations are many-fold. We demonstrate that they significantly
change the ferromagnetic phase boundary. In addition to a decrease in the
magnon stiffness, we obtain an instability of the ferromagnetic state against
spin wave excitations close to the Brillouin zone boundary.Within a range of
intermediate concentrations, we find a strong softening of the spin wave
dispersion as compared to the Heisenberg ferromagnet with the same stiffness,
which changes into hardening for other concentrations. We discuss the relevance
of these results to experiments in colossal magnetoresistance ferromagnets.


  We propose a criterion which defines whether a superposition of two photonic
components is macroscopic. It is based on the ability to discriminate these
components with a particular class of "classical" detectors, namely a photon
number measurement with a resolution coarse-grained by noise. We show how our
criterion can be extended to a measure of the size of macroscopic
superpositions by quantifying the amount of noise that can be tolerated and
taking the distinctness of two Fock states differing by N photons as a
reference. After applying our measure to several well-known examples, we
demonstrate that the superpositions which meet our criterion are very sensitive
to phase fluctuations. This suggests that quantifying the macroscopicity of a
superposition state through the distinguishability of its components with
"classical" detectors is not only a natural measure but also explains why it is
difficult to observe superpositions at the macroscopic scale.


  A novel variational framework to model the fatigue behavior of brittle
materials based on a phase-field approach to fracture is presented. The
standard regularized free energy functional is modified introducing a fatigue
degradation function that effectively reduces the fracture toughness as a
proper history variable accumulates. This macroscopic approach allows to
reproduce the main known features of fatigue crack growth in brittle materials.
Numerical experiments show that the W\"ohler curve, the crack growth rate curve
and the Paris law are naturally recovered, while the approximate Palmgren-Miner
criterion and the monotonic loading condition are obtained as special cases.


  I propose a mechanism that would explain the near alignment of the low order
multipoles of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This mechanism supposes a
large-scale cosmic magnetic field that tends to align the cyclotron orbit axes
of electrons in hot plasmas along the same direction. Inverse Compton
scattering of the CMB photons then imprints this pattern on the CMB, thus
causing the low- multipoles to be generally aligned. The spins of the majority
of spiral galaxies and that of our own Galaxy appear to be aligned along the
cosmic magnetic field.


  This paper is a review of monopoles, lowest Landau level, fuzzy spheres, and
their mutual relations. The Hopf maps of division algebras provide a prototype
relation between monopoles and fuzzy spheres. Generalization of complex numbers
to Clifford algebra is exactly analogous to generalization of fuzzy two-spheres
to higher dimensional fuzzy spheres. Higher dimensional fuzzy spheres have an
interesting hierarchical structure made of "compounds" of lower dimensional
spheres. We give a physical interpretation for such particular structure of
fuzzy spheres by utilizing Landau models in generic even dimensions. With
Grassmann algebra, we also introduce a graded version of the Hopf map, and
discuss its relation to fuzzy supersphere in context of supersymmetric Landau
model.


  Periodenbereiche sind gewisse offene Unterraeume von verallgemeinerten
Flaggenvarietaeten, welche durch Semistabilitaetsbedingungen beschrieben
werden. In dem Fall eines endlichen Grundkoerpers bilden diese eine
Zariski-offene Untervarietaet, im Fall eines lokalen Koerpers einen zulaessigen
offenen Unterraum im Sinne der rigiden algebraischen Geometrie. In dieser
Arbeit berechnen wir fuer den Fall eines endlichen Grundkoerpers die l-adische
Kohomologie mit kompaktem Traeger dieser Periodenbereiche. Das Ergebnis
bestaetigt eine Vermutung von Kottwitz und Rapoport.


  This work presents a naive algorithm for parameter transfer between different
architectures with a computationally cheap injection technique (which does not
require data). The primary objective is to speed up the training of neural
networks from scratch. It was found in this study that transferring knowledge
from any architecture was superior to Kaiming and Xavier for initialization. In
conclusion, the method presented is found to converge faster, which makes it a
drop-in replacement for classical methods. The method involves: 1) matching:
the layers of the pre-trained model with the targeted model; 2) injection: the
tensor is transformed into a desired shape. This work provides a comparison of
similarity between the current SOTA architectures (ImageNet), by utilising TLI
(Transfer Learning by Injection) score.


  We consider quantum systems in entangled states post-selected in
non-entangled states. Such systems exhibit unusual behavior, in particular when
weak measurements are performed at intermediate times.


  It is demonstrated that 'quantum eraser' (QE) experiments do not erase any
information. Nor do they demonstrate retrocausation or 'temporal nonlocality'
in their 'delayed choice' form, beyond standard EPR correlations. It is shown
that the erroneous erasure claims arise from assuming that the improper mixed
state of the signal photon physically prefers either the 'which way' or 'both
ways' basis, when no such preference is warranted. The latter point is
illustrated through comparison of the QE spatial state space with the spin-1/2
space of particles in the EPR-spin experiment.


  Reaction-diffusion (Turing) systems are fundamental to the formation of
spatial patterns in nature and engineering. These systems are governed by a set
of non-linear partial differential equations containing parameters that
determine the rate of constituent diffusion and reaction. Critically, these
parameters, such as diffusion coefficient, heavily influence the mode and type
of the final pattern, and quantitative characterization and knowledge of these
parameters can aid in bio-mimetic design or understanding of real-world
systems. However, the use of numerical methods to infer these parameters can be
difficult and computationally expensive. Typically, adjoint solvers may be
used, but they are frequently unstable for very non-linear systems.
Alternatively, massive amounts of iterative forward simulations are used to
find the best match, but this is extremely effortful. Recently,
physics-informed neural networks have been proposed as a means for data-driven
discovery of partial differential equations, and have seen success in various
applications. Thus, we investigate the use of physics-informed neural networks
as a tool to infer key parameters in reaction-diffusion systems in the
steady-state for scientific discovery or design. Our proof-of-concept results
show that the method is able to infer parameters for different pattern modes
and types with errors of less than 10\%. In addition, the stochastic nature of
this method can be exploited to provide multiple parameter alternatives to the
desired pattern, highlighting the versatility of this method for bio-mimetic
design. This work thus demonstrates the utility of physics-informed neural
networks for inverse parameter inference of reaction-diffusion systems to
enhance scientific discovery and design.


  This paper introduces a novel method to extend the Helmholtz Decomposition to
n-dimensional sufficiently smooth and fast decaying vector fields. The rotation
is described by a superposition of n(n-1)/2 rotations within the coordinate
planes. The source potential and the rotation potential are obtained by
convolving the source and rotation densities with the fundamental solutions of
the Laplace equation. The rotation-free gradient of the source potential and
the divergence-free rotation of the rotation potential sum to the original
vector field. The approach relies on partial derivatives and Newton integrals
and allows for a simple application of this standard method to high-dimensional
vector fields, without using concepts from differential geometry and tensor
calculus.


  Fission data are essential inputs to reaction networks involved in
nucleosynthesis simulations and nuclear forensics. In such applications as well
as in the description of multi-chance fission, the characteristics of fission
for odd-mass nuclei are just as important as those for even-even nuclei. The
fission theories that aim at explicitly describing fission dynamics are
typically based on some variant of the nuclear mean-field theory. In such
cases, the treatment of systems with an odd number of particles is markedly
more involved, both formally and computationally. In this article, we use the
blocking prescription of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with Skyrme energy
functionals to compute the deformation properties of odd-mass uranium isotopes.
We show that the resulting fission fragment distributions depend quite
significantly on the spin of the odd neutron. By direct calculation of the spin
distribution of the fissioning nucleus, we propose a methodology to rigorously
predict the charge and mass distributions in odd-mass nuclei.


  In federated learning, a federator coordinates the training of a model, e.g.,
a neural network, on privately owned data held by several participating
clients. The gradient descent algorithm, a well-known and popular iterative
optimization procedure, is run to train the model. Every client computes
partial gradients based on their local data and sends them to the federator,
which aggregates the results and updates the model. Privacy of the clients'
data is a major concern. In fact, it is shown that observing the partial
gradients can be enough to reveal the clients' data. Existing literature
focuses on private aggregation schemes that tackle the privacy problem in
federated learning in settings where all users are connected to each other and
to the federator. In this paper, we consider a hierarchical wireless system
architecture in which the clients are connected to base stations; the base
stations are connected to the federator either directly or through relays. We
examine settings with and without relays, and derive fundamental limits on the
communication cost under information-theoretic privacy with different collusion
assumptions. We introduce suitable private aggregation schemes tailored for
these settings whose communication costs are multiplicative factors away from
the derived bounds.


  We consider flux compactifications of type IIB string theory on the mirror of
a rigid Calabi-Yau. In special cases, these models are dual to the type IIA
flux vacua with runaway direction in flux space. We show that new weak coupling
AdS solutions can be found for large complex structure, while Minkowski
solutions with all moduli stabilized are confined to be at strong coupling. The
existence of these solutions, as found in a previous work, is nevertheless
guaranteed by a non-renormalization theorem of the type IIB flux
superpotential. Based on our results, we are led to the conjecture that
supersymmetric runaway directions in flux space are always accompanied by a
spectrum of moduli masses reaching down to the AdS scale. This could be
violated in a non-supersymmetric situation.


  In the present article, we construct a 2D formulation of quantum gravity in
the framework of a deterministic theory. In this context, a Quantum stationary
Hamilton-Jacobi equation is derived from the Klein- Gordon equation written in
the presence of a gravitational field. We show that this equation reduces to
the Quantum stationary Hamilton- Jacobi equation when the gravitational field
is not present in the 2D time-space. As a second step, we introduce the quantum
gravitational Lagrangian for the quantum motion of a particle moving in the
presence of a gravitational field. We, deduce the relationship between the
gravitational quantum conjugate momentum and the velocity of the particle.


  The generalized Fitting height $h^*(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the least
number $h$ such that $\mathrm{F}_h^* (G) = G$, where $\mathrm{F}_{(0)}^* (G) =
1$, and $\mathrm{F}_{(i+1)}^*(G)$ is the inverse image of the generalized
Fitting subgroup $\mathrm{F}^*(G/\mathrm{F}^*_{(i)} (G))$. Let $p$ be a prime,
$1=G_0\leq G_1\leq\dots\leq G_{2h+1}=G$ be the shortest normal series in which
for $i$ odd the factor $G_{i+1}/G_i$ is $p$-soluble (possibly trivial), and for
$i$ even the factor $G_{i+1}/G_i$ is a (non-empty) direct product of nonabelian
simple groups. Then $h=\lambda_p(G)$ is called the non-$p$-soluble length of a
group $G$. We proved that if a finite group $G$ is a mutually permutable
product of of subgroups $A$ and $B$ then $\max\{h^*(A), h^*(B)\}\leq h^*(G)\leq
\max\{h^*(A), h^*(B)\}+1$ and $\max\{\lambda_p(A), \lambda_p(B)\}=
\lambda_p(G)$. Also we introduced and studied the non-Frattini length.