  While radiative corrections of infrared origin normally depress high energy
amplitudes (Sudakov form factors), we find that in some cases resummation of
leading effects produces exponentials with positive exponents, giving rise to
amplitudes that grow indefinitely with energy. The effect happens in broken
gauge theories like the electroweak sector of the Standard Model, and is
related to the existence of amplitudes that do not respect the gauge symmetry,
and that contrary to expectations do not vanish in the very high energy limit,
but rather become dominant. As a working example we consider a model with two
chiral abelian gauge groups $U'(1)\otimes U(1)$ with large mass splitting
$M_{Z'} \gg M_{Z} $, and we compute leading radiative corrections corrections
to the decay of the heavy extra ${Z'}$ boson into light fermions. For proper
fermionic charges, the chirality breaking magnetic dipole moment, although mass
suppressed, becomes the dominant contribution to the $Z'$ width at very high
energies.


  I introduce the concept of *entanglement entropy* (as it's now called) and
point out that it follows an *area law* which renders it a suitable source of
black hole entropy. I also suggest to conceive the latter as residing on the
horizon at approximately one bit per "Planckian plaquette".


  The rise of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has led to the widespread
deployment of machine learning models trained on diverse datasets. These models
are employed for predictive services through APIs, raising concerns about the
security and confidentiality of the models due to emerging vulnerabilities in
prediction APIs. Of particular concern are model cloning attacks, where
individuals with limited data and no knowledge of the training dataset manage
to replicate a victim model's functionality through black-box query access.
This commonly entails generating adversarial queries to query the victim model,
thereby creating a labeled dataset.
  This paper proposes "MisGUIDE", a two-step defense framework for Deep
Learning models that disrupts the adversarial sample generation process by
providing a probabilistic response when the query is deemed OOD. The first step
employs a Vision Transformer-based framework to identify OOD queries, while the
second step perturbs the response for such queries, introducing a probabilistic
loss function to MisGUIDE the attackers. The aim of the proposed defense method
is to reduce the accuracy of the cloned model while maintaining accuracy on
authentic queries. Extensive experiments conducted on two benchmark datasets
demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly enhances the resistance
against state-of-the-art data-free model extraction in black-box settings.


  Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), with a large number
of distributed access points (APs) that jointly serve the user equipments
(UEs), is a promising network architecture for future wireless communications.
To reduce the cost and power consumption of such systems, it is important to
utilize low-quality transceiver hardware at the APs. However, the impact of
hardware impairments on cell-free massive MIMO has thus far not been studied.
In this paper, we take a first look at this important topic by utilizing
well-established models of hardware distortion and deriving new closed-form
expressions for the spectral and energy efficiency. These expressions provide
important insights into the practical impact of hardware impairments and also
how to efficiently deploy cell-free systems. Furthermore, a novel
hardware-quality scaling law is presented. It proves that the impact of
hardware impairments at the APs vanish as the number of APs grows. Numerical
results validate that cell-free massive MIMO systems are inherently resilient
to hardware impairments.


  This paper presents a citation analysis of Internext-Review of International
Business to detect the impact caused by papers published for the period
2006-2013. The Publish or Perish (PoP) software is used, which retrieves
articles and citations from Google Scholar database. As part of the applied
indicators are: the distribution of authors by articles, citations per year,
citation vs. self-citation, journal's citable vs. non citable documents,
journal's cited vs. uncited documents, co-word analysis, and H Index. A total
of 131 articles were obtained for 153 citations made until June, 2014. Most
articles present multiple authorship. It is also detected an ascending line in
the citation. The Journal has very low levels of self-citation, showing that
most citing sources are Brazilian journals. The most cited articles have been
published in the early years (2006-2008); whose main topics are related with
the internationalization theory and strategy, the transaction analysis, and the
corporate governance. The Internext' H Index is 6 and the G Index is 9.


  Nikiforov [Some inequalities for the largest eigenvalue of a graph, Combin.
Probab. Comput. 179--189] showed that if $G$ is $K_{r+1}$-free then the
spectral radius $\rho(G)\leq\sqrt{2m(1-1/r)}$, which implies that $G$ contains
$C_3$ if $\rho(G)>\sqrt{m}$. In this paper, we follow this direction on
determining which subgraphs will be contained in $G$ if $\rho(G)> f(m)$, where
$f(m)\sim\sqrt{m}$ as $m\rightarrow \infty$. We first show that if $\rho(G)\geq
\sqrt{m}$, then $G$ contains $K_{2,r+1}$ unless $G$ is a star; and $G$ contains
either $C_3^+$ or $C_4^+$ unless $G$ is a complete bipartite graph, where
$C_t^+$ denotes the graph obtained from $C_t$ and $C_3$ by identifying an edge.
Secondly, we prove that if $\rho(G)\geq{\frac12+\sqrt{m-\frac34}}$, then $G$
contains pentagon and hexagon unless $G$ is a book; and if
$\rho(G)>{\frac12(k-\frac12)+\sqrt{m+\frac14(k-\frac12)^2}}$, then $G$ contains
$C_t$ for every $t\leq 2k+2$. In the end, some related conjectures are provided
for further research.


  We show that antiferromagnetic spin-density wave order in the two-dimensional
Hubbard model yields a drop of the charge carrier density as observed in recent
transport measurements for cuprate superconductors in high magnetic fields upon
entering the pseudogap regime. The amplitude and the (generally incommensurate)
wave vector of the spin-density wave is obtained from dynamical mean-field
theory (DMFT). An extrapolation of the finite temperature results to zero
temperature yields an approximately linear doping dependence of the magnetic
gap $\Delta(p) \propto p^*-p$ in a broad doping range below the critical doping
$p^*$. The magnetic order leads to a Fermi surface reconstruction with electron
and hole pockets, where electron pockets exist only in a restricted doping
range below $p^*$. DC charge transport properties are computed by combining the
renormalized band structure as obtained from the DMFT with a doping-independent
phenomenological scattering rate. A pronounced drop of the longitudinal
conductivity and the Hall number in a narrow doping range below $p^*$ is
obtained.


  The ionizing spectral energy distribution of quasars exhibits a steepening of
the distribution shortward of ~ 1200 A. The change of the power-law index from
approximately -1 (near-UV) to -2 (far-UV) has so far been interpreted as being
intrinsic to quasars. We consider the possibility that the steepening may
result from a tenuous absorption component that is anticorrelated with large
mass overdensities. UV sensitive satellites, whose detectors can extend down to
1000 A, can set a useful limit to such an absorption component through the
search of a flux increase in the window 1050-1190 A (observer frame) with
respect to an extrapolation of the continuum above 1230 A. Since the recent
FUSE or HST-STIS data do not show any obvious discontinuity in this region,
this effectively rules out the possibility that intergalactic HI absorption is
very important, and it is concluded that most if not all of the steepening is
intrinsic to quasars. A smaller flux discontinuity of order 1% cannot, however,
be ruled out yet and would still be consistent with the warm-hot intergalactic
component if it amounts to 30% of the baryonic mass, as predicted by some
models of large scale structure formation, provided its temperature lies around
10^{5.5} K.


  This work explores the antimicrobial efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs)
films with varying microstructure, crystallographic orientation and surface
roughness. Thin films with different microstructures were obtained by varying
precursor concentrations (0.1 M, 0.25 M, and 0.4 M) and solvent types (Ethanol,
Propanol, and Butanol). The characterization of the films by X-ray diffraction
(XRD) revealed films with varying degrees of orientation along the c-axis,
which increased with the concentration of the precursor and with the decrease
in the carbon chain length of the alcohol. Raman spectroscopy analysis
confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of dense and homogeneous films
with a thickness of 93 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed changes in
surface irregularity and an increase in surface roughness with the carbon
length of solvent and a maximum roughness at a precursor concentration of 0.25
M in propanol. The antimicrobial activity was assessed following ISO 22196:2011
standards with few modifications. Results indicated that ZnO NPs films with
rougher surfaces reduced coli (gram(-)), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram(-)) and
Staphylococcus aureus (gram(+) ) bacteria populations due to an increase of
contact surface between NPs with bacteria. Their effectiveness against Candida
albicans was moderate, with a maximum reduction of 0.72 Log10 CFU/cm$^2$ with
rougher film.


  The NP-hard scheduling problem P||C_max encompasses a set of tasks with known
execution time which must be mapped to a set of identical machines such that
the overall completion time is minimized. In this work, we improve existing
techniques for optimal P||C_max scheduling with a combination of new
theoretical insights and careful practical engineering. Most importantly, we
derive techniques to prune vast portions of the search space of
branch-and-bound (BnB) approaches. We also propose improved upper and lower
bounding techniques which can be combined with any approach to P||C_max.
Moreover, we present new benchmarks for P||C_max, based on diverse application
data, which can shed light on aspects which prior synthetic instances fail to
capture. In an extensive evaluation, we observe that our pruning techniques
reduce the number of explored nodes by 90$\times$ and running times by
12$\times$. Compared to a state-of-the-art ILP-based approach, our approach is
preferable for short running time limits and for instances with large
makespans.


  We here present the first results of fully three-dimensional (3-D) MHD
simulations of radiative cooling pulsed (time-variable) jets for a set of
parameters which are suitable for protostellar outflows. Considering different
initial magnetic field topologies in approximate $equipartition$ with the
thermal gas, i.e., (i) a longitudinal, and (ii) a helical field, both of which
permeating the jet and the ambient medium; and (iii) a purely toroidal field
permeating only the jet, we find that the overall morphology of the pulsed jet
is not very much affected by the presence of the different magnetic field
geometries in comparison to a nonmagnetic calculation. Instead, the magnetic
fields tend to affect essentially the detailed structure and emission
properties behind the shocks at the head and at the pulse-induced internal
knots, particularly for the helical and toroidal geometries. In these cases, we
find, for example, that the $H_\alpha$ emissivity behind the internal knots can
be about three to four times larger than that of the purely hydrodynamical jet.
We also find that some features, like the nose cones that often develop at the
jet head in 2-D calculations involving toroidal magnetic fields, are smoothed
out or absent in the 3-D calculations.


  We derive inner dark matter halo density profiles for a sample of 165
low-mass galaxies using rotation curves obtained from high-quality, long-slit
optical spectra assuming minimal disks and spherical symmetry. For $\rho(r)
\sim r^{-\alpha}$ near the galaxy center we measure median inner slopes ranging
from $\alpha_m = 0.22 \pm 0.08$ to $0.28 \pm 0.06$ for various subsamples of
the data. This is similar to values found by other authors, and in stark
contrast to the intrinsic cusps ($\alpha_{int}\sim1$) predicted by simulations
of halo assembly in cold dark matter (CDM) cosmologies. To elucidate the
relationship between $\alpha_m$ and $\alpha_{int}$ in our data, we simulate
long-slit observations of model galaxies with halo shapes broadly consistent
with the CDM paradigm. Simulations with $\alpha_{int}=1/2$ and 1 recover both
the observed distribution of $\alpha_m$ and correlations between $\alpha_m$ and
primary observational parameters such as distance and disk inclination, whereas
those with $\alpha_{int}=5/4$ are marginally consistent with the data.
Conversely, the hypothesis that low-mass galaxies have $\alpha_{int}=3/2$ is
rejected. While the simulations do not imply that the data favor intrinsic
cusps over cores, they demonstrate that the discrepancy between $\alpha_m$ and
$\alpha_{int}\sim1$ for our sample does not necessarily imply a genuine
conflict between our results and CDM predictions: rather, the apparent
cusp/core problem may be reconciled by considering the impact of observing and
data processing techniques on rotation curves derived from long-slit spectra.


  Using previous results from boundary conformal field theory and
integrability, a phase diagram is derived for the 2 dimensional Ising model at
its bulk tri-critical point as a function of boundary magnetic field and
boundary spin-coupling constant. A boundary tri-critical point separates phases
where the spins on the boundary are ordered or disordered. In the latter range
of coupling constant, there is a non-zero critical field where the
magnetization is singular. In the former range, as the temperature is lowered,
the boundary undergoes a first order transition while the bulk simultaneously
undergoes a second order transition.


  The heavy fermion antiferromagnet CeNiGe2 was investigated under pressure by
resistivity and ac calorimetry up to 4 GPa and down to 40 mK. The two magnetic
transitions found in both resistivity and specific heat at 0.1 GPa at T_N1=3.95
and T_{N2}=3.21 K are replaced by a single one at 0.7 GPa and 2.81 K.
Increasing pressure initially reduces this further, however at about 1.7 GPa a
new transition appears, accompanied by a marked change in the pressure
dependence of the ordering temperatures, the temperature dependence of the
resistivity, and the residual resistivity. There are signs that this new
transition has some first order character. The phase diagram of CeNiGe2 bears
little resemblance to the Doniach phase diagram widely used to classify heavy
fermion compounds.


  This study introduces an approach to optimize Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning
(PEFT) for Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) by implementing a Shared Low Rank
Adaptation (ShareLoRA). By strategically deploying ShareLoRA across different
layers and adapting it for the Query, Key, and Value components of
self-attention layers, we achieve a substantial reduction in the number of
training parameters and memory usage. Importantly, ShareLoRA not only maintains
model performance but also exhibits robustness in both classification and
generation tasks across a variety of models, including RoBERTa, GPT-2, LLaMA
and LLaMA2. It demonstrates superior transfer learning capabilities compared to
standard LoRA applications and mitigates overfitting by sharing weights across
layers. Our findings affirm that ShareLoRA effectively boosts parameter
efficiency while ensuring scalable and high-quality performance across
different language model architectures.


  The upcoming exascale computing systems Frontier and Aurora will draw much of
their computing power from GPU accelerators. The hardware for these systems
will be provided by AMD and Intel, respectively, each supporting their own GPU
programming model. The challenge for applications that harness one of these
exascale systems will be to avoid lock-in and to preserve performance
portability.
  We report here on our results of using Kokkos to accelerate a real-world
application on NERSC's Perlmutter Phase 1 (using NVIDIA A100 accelerators) and
the testbed system for OLCF's Frontier (using AMD MI250X). By porting to
Kokkos, we were able to successfully run the same X-ray tracing code on both
systems and achieved speed-ups between 13% and 66% compared to the original
CUDA code. These results are a highly encouraging demonstration of using Kokkos
to accelerate production science code.


  Analysis of a probabilistic system often requires to learn the joint
probability distribution of its random variables. The computation of the exact
distribution is usually an exhaustive precise analysis on all executions of the
system. To avoid the high computational cost of such an exhaustive search,
statistical analysis has been studied to efficiently obtain approximate
estimates by analyzing only a small but representative subset of the system's
behavior. In this paper we propose a hybrid statistical estimation method that
combines precise and statistical analyses to estimate mutual information,
Shannon entropy, and conditional entropy, together with their confidence
intervals. We show how to combine the analyses on different components of a
discrete system with different accuracy to obtain an estimate for the whole
system. The new method performs weighted statistical analysis with different
sample sizes over different components and dynamically finds their optimal
sample sizes. Moreover, it can reduce sample sizes by using prior knowledge
about systems and a new abstraction-then-sampling technique based on
qualitative analysis. To apply the method to the source code of a system, we
show how to decompose the code into components and to determine the analysis
method for each component by overviewing the implementation of those techniques
in the HyLeak tool. We demonstrate with case studies that the new method
outperforms the state of the art in quantifying information leakage.


  The one-skeleton of a G-manifold M is the set of points p in M where $\dim
G_p \geq \dim G -1$; and M is a GKM manifold if the dimension of this
one-skeleton is 2. Goresky, Kottwitz and MacPherson show that for such a
manifold this one-skeleton has the structure of a ``labeled" graph, $(\Gamma,
\alpha)$, and that the equivariant cohomology ring of M is isomorphic to the
``cohomology ring'' of this graph. Hence, if M is symplectic, one can show that
this ring is a free module over the symmetric algebra $\SS(\fg^*)$, with
$b_{2i}(\Gamma)$ generators in dimension 2i, $b_{2i}(\Gamma)$ being the
``combinatorial'' 2i-th Betti number of $\Gamma$. In this article we show that
this ``topological'' result is , in fact, a combinatorial result about graphs.


  We present a novel algorithm that enhances the accuracy of electromagnetic
field simulations in indoor environments by incorporating the Uniform
Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD) for surface diffraction. This
additional diffraction phenomenology is important for the design of modern
wireless systems and allows us to capture the effects of more complex scene
geometries. Central to our methodology is the Dynamic Coherence-Based EM Ray
Tracing Simulator (DCEM), and we augment that formulation with smooth surface
UTD and present techniques to efficiently compute the ray paths. We validate
our additions by comparing them to analytical solutions of a sphere, method of
moments solutions from FEKO, and ray-traced indoor scenes from WinProp. Our
algorithm improves shadow region predicted powers by about 5dB compared to our
previous work, and captures nuanced field effects beyond shadow boundaries. We
highlight the performance on different indoor scenes and observe 60% faster
computation time over WinProp.


  Current adoption of machine learning in industrial, societal and economical
activities has raised concerns about the fairness, equity and ethics of
automated decisions. Predictive models are often developed using biased
datasets and thus retain or even exacerbate biases in their decisions and
recommendations. Removing the sensitive covariates, such as gender or race, is
insufficient to remedy this issue since the biases may be retained due to other
related covariates. We present a regularization approach to this problem that
trades off predictive accuracy of the learned models (with respect to biased
labels) for the fairness in terms of statistical parity, i.e. independence of
the decisions from the sensitive covariates. In particular, we consider a
general framework of regularized empirical risk minimization over reproducing
kernel Hilbert spaces and impose an additional regularizer of dependence
between predictors and sensitive covariates using kernel-based measures of
dependence, namely the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) and its
normalized version. This approach leads to a closed-form solution in the case
of squared loss, i.e. ridge regression. Moreover, we show that the dependence
regularizer has an interpretation as modifying the corresponding Gaussian
process (GP) prior. As a consequence, a GP model with a prior that encourages
fairness to sensitive variables can be derived, allowing principled
hyperparameter selection and studying of the relative relevance of covariates
under fairness constraints. Experimental results in synthetic examples and in
real problems of income and crime prediction illustrate the potential of the
approach to improve fairness of automated decisions.


  In this paper, we study operator-theoretic properties (boundedness and
compactness) of Hankel operators on the Fock-sobolev spaces $ \mathscr{F}^{p,m}
$ in terms of $ \mathcal{BMO}_r^p $ and $ \mathcal{VMO}_r^p $ spaces,
respectively, for a non-negative integers $ m $, $ 1 \leq p < \infty $ and $ r
> 0 $. Along the way, we also study Berezin transform of Hankel operators on $
\mathscr{F}^{p,m} $. The results in this article are analogous to Zhu's
characterization and Per\"al\"a's characterization of bounded and compact
Hankel operators on the Bergman spaces of unit disc and the weighted Fock
spaces, respectively.


  Let $(X,\omega)$ be a closed symplectic manifold. A loop $\phi: S^1 \to
\mathrm{Diff}(X)$ of diffeomorphisms of $X$ defines a fibration $\pi: P_{\phi}
\to S^2$. By applying Gromov-Witten theory to moduli spaces of holomorphic
sections of $\pi$, Lalonde, McDuff and Polterovich proved that if $\phi$ lifts
to the Hamiltonian group $\mathrm{Ham}(X,\omega)$, then the rational cohomology
of $P_{\phi}$ splits additively. We prove, with the same assumptions, that the
$\mathbb{E}$-generalised cohomology of $P_{\phi}$ splits additively for any
complex-oriented cohomology theory $\mathbb{E}$, in particular the integral
cohomology splits. This class of examples includes all complex projective
varieties equipped with a smooth morphism to $\mathbb{CP}^1$, in which case the
analogous rational result was proved by Deligne using Hodge theory. The
argument employs virtual fundamental cycles of moduli spaces of sections of
$\pi$ in Morava $K$-theory and results from chromatic homotopy theory. Our
proof involves a construction of independent interest: we build global
Kuranishi charts for moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic spheres in $X$ in a
class $\beta \in H_2(X;\mathbb{Z})$, depending on a choice of integral
symplectic form $\Omega$ on $X$ and ample Hermitian line bundle over the moduli
space of one-pointed degree $d = \langle \Omega,\beta\rangle$ stable genus zero
curves in $\mathbb{CP}^d$.


  This paper studies variational collision avoidance problems for multi-agents
systems on complete Riemannian manifolds. That is, we minimize an energy
functional, among a set of admissible curves, which depends on an artificial
potential function used to avoid collision between the agents. We show the
global existence of minimizers to the variational problem and we provide
conditions under which it is possible to ensure that agents will avoid
collision within some desired tolerance. We also study the problem where
trajectories are constrained to have uniform bounds on the derivatives, and
derive alternate safety conditions for collision avoidance in terms of these
bounds - even in the case where the artificial potential is not sufficiently
regular to ensure existence of global minimizers.


  Modern software systems are expected to be secure and contain all the latest
features, even when new versions of software are released multiple times an
hour. Each system may include many interacting packages. The problem of
installing multiple dependent packages has been extensively studied in the
past, yielding some promising solutions that work well in practice. However,
these assume that the developers declare all the dependencies and conflicts
between the packages. Oftentimes, the entire repository structure may not be
known upfront, for example when packages are developed by different vendors. In
this paper, we present algorithms for learning dependencies, conflicts and
defective packages from installation attempts. Our algorithms use combinatorial
data structures to generate queries that test installations and discover the
entire dependency structure. A query that the algorithms make corresponds to
trying to install a subset of packages and getting a Boolean feedback on
whether all constraints were satisfied in this subset. Our goal is to minimize
the query complexity of the algorithms. We prove lower and upper bounds on the
number of queries that these algorithms require to make for different settings
of the problem.


  Recently much attention has been paid to the restriction of KP to the
submanifold of operators which can be represented as a ratio of two purely
differential operators L=AB^{-1}. Whereas most of the aspects concerning this
reduced hierarchy, like the Lax flows and the Hamiltonians, are by now well
understood, there still lacks a clear and conclusive statement about the
associated Poisson structure. We fill this gap by placing the problem in a more
general framework and then showing how the required result follows from an
interesting property of the second Gelfand-Dickey brackets under multiplication
and inversion of Lax operators. As a byproduct we give an elegant and simple
proof of the generalised Kupershmidt-Wilson theorem.


  We show that the byproducts of the standard training process of a random
forest yield not only the well known and almost computationally free out-of-bag
point estimate of the model generalization error, but also give a direct path
to compute confidence intervals for the generalization error which avoids
processes of data splitting and model retraining. Besides the low computational
cost involved in their construction, these confidence intervals are shown
through simulations to have good coverage and appropriate shrinking rate of
their width in terms of the training sample size.


  Using $e^+e^-$ annihilation data of $2.93~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected at
center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=3.773$ GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure
the absolute branching fraction of $D^{0}\to K^{-}\mu^{+}\nu_{\mu}$ with
significantly improved precision: ${\mathcal B}_{D^{0}\to
K^{-}\mu^{+}\nu_{\mu}}=(3.413\pm0.019_{\rm stat.}\pm0.035_{\rm syst.})\%$.
Combining with our previous measurement of ${\mathcal B}_{D^0\to K^-e^+\nu_e}$,
the ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be ${\mathcal
B}_{D^0\to K^-\mu^+\nu_\mu}/{\mathcal B}_{D^0\to
K^-e^+\nu_e}=0.974\pm0.007_{\rm stat.}\pm0.012_{\rm syst.}$, which agrees with
the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within the
uncertainty. A study of the ratio of the two branching fractions in different
four-momentum transfer regions is also performed, and no evidence for lepton
flavor universality violation is found with current statistics. Taking inputs
from global fit in the standard model and lattice quantum chromodynamics
separately, we determine $f_{+}^{K}(0)=0.7327\pm0.0039_{\rm
stat.}\pm0.0030_{\rm syst.}$ and $|V_{cs}| = 0.955\pm0.005_{\rm
stat.}\pm0.004_{\rm syst.}\pm0.024_{\rm LQCD}$.


  Phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide a high-resolution view of the power
system at the locations where they are placed. As such, it is desirable to
place them in bulk in low voltage distribution circuits. However, the power
consumption of a PMU/micro-PMU is in the order of Watts (W) that results in
them requiring an external power supply, which in turn increases the overall
cost. This work details the hardware design of a PMU capable of measuring and
reporting voltage and current phasors for a single-phase system at an average
power consumption of only 30.8 mW -- one to two orders of magnitude lower than
existing academic and commercial PMUs. This enables the proposed PMU to run for
two weeks using an 11-Wh battery or indefinitely if paired with an inexpensive
solar panel. A test-bench developed in accordance with the 2018 IEC/IEEE
60255-118-1 PMU Standard confirms the accuracy of this PMU. Given its low power
consumption, the proposed design is expected to accelerate adoption of PMUs in
modern distribution grids.


  We consider a canonical transformation of parabolic coordinates on the plain
and suppose that this transformation together with some additional relations
may be considered as a counterpart of the auto and hetero B\"acklund
transformations associated with the integrable H\'enon-Heiles systems.


  We present our centimeter wavelength (1.4, 2.3 and 4.8 GHz) light curves of
the afterglow of GRB 030329, which were obtained with the Westerbork Synthesis
Radio Telescope. Modeling the data according to a collimated afterglow results
in a jet-break time of 10 days. This is in accordance with earlier results
obtained at higher radio frequencies. However, with respect to the afterglow
model, some additional flux at the lower frequencies is present when these
light curves reach their maximum after 40-80 days. We show that this additional
flux can be modeled with two or more components with progressively later jet
breaks. From these results we infer that the jet is in fact a structured or a
layered jet, where the ejecta with lower Lorentz factors produce additional
flux that becomes visible at late times in the lowest frequency bands. We show
that a transition to non-relativistic expansion of the fireball at late times
can also account for the observed flux excess, except for the lowest frequency
(1.4 GHz) data.


  The probability of quantum relocation of a human body, at a given distance,
is estimated using two different methods, giving comparable results. Not only
the obtained values for the probabilities are inconceivably small, but
assumptions of a sci-fi nature are also necessary to ensure that they are not
identical to zero. The notions of 'non-spatiality' and 'superselection rule'
are also briefly discussed.


  In real world scenarios, objects are often partially occluded. This requires
a robustness for object recognition against these perturbations. Convolutional
networks have shown good performances in classification tasks. The learned
convolutional filters seem similar to receptive fields of simple cells found in
the primary visual cortex. Alternatively, spiking neural networks are more
biological plausible. We developed a two layer spiking network, trained on
natural scenes with a biologically plausible learning rule. It is compared to
two deep convolutional neural networks using a classification task of stepwise
pixel erasement on MNIST. In comparison to these networks the spiking approach
achieves good accuracy and robustness.


  A low storage algorithm for constructing isogenies between ordinary elliptic
curves was proposed by Galbraith, Hess and Smart (GHS). We give an improvement
of this algorithm by modifying the pseudorandom walk so that lower-degree
isogenies are used more frequently. This is motivated by the fact that high
degree isogenies are slower to compute than low degree ones. We analyse the
running time of the parallel collision search algorithm when the partitioning
is uneven. We also give experimental results. We conclude that our algorithm is
around 14 times faster than the GHS algorithm when constructing horizontal
isogenies between random isogenous elliptic curves over a 160-bit prime field.
  The results apply to generic adding walks and the more general group action
inverse problem; a speed-up is obtained whenever the cost of computing edges in
the graph varies significantly.


  Uniform macroscopic samples of nanoporous metal with high deformability have
so far been limited to precious metals such as Au, Pd and Pt. Here we propose
nanoporous Copper-Nickel (npCN) as a nanoporous base metal that can be made
with mm dimensions and exhibits significant deformability. NpCN forms a uniform
bicontinous network structure with feature sizes that can be controlled from 13
to 40 nm by thermal annealing. Continuous compression tests confirm ductile
deformation behavior accompanied with a high strength compared to macroporous
Cu- and Ni-foams with similar solid fraction.


  We construct uniformly bounded solutions for the equations $\text{div}\, U=f$
and $\text{curl}\, U=F$ in the critical cases $f \in L^d(T^d,R)$, and
respectively, $F \in L^3(T^3,R^3)$. Criticality in this context, manifests
itself by the lack of linear solution operator mapping $L^d$ to
$L^\infty(T^d)$, Bourgain & Brezis \cite{BB03,BB07}. Thus, the intriguing
aspect here is that although the problems are linear, the construction of their
solution is not.
  Our constructions are special cases of a general framework for solving linear
equations of the form $T\, U=f$, where $T$ is a linear operator densely defined
in Banach space $B$ with a closed range in a (proper subspace) of Lebesgue
space $L^p(\Omega)$, and with an injective dual $T^*$. The solutions are
realized in terms of a multiscale {\em hierarchical representation},
$U=\sum_{j=1}^\infty u_j$, interesting for its own sake. Here, the $u_j$'s are
constructed recursively as minimizers of $u_{j+1} =
\text{arginf}_{u}{|u|_B+\lambda_{j+1} |r_j-T u |^p_{L^p}}$, where the residuals
$r_j:=f- T (\sum^j_{k=1} u_k)$ are resolved in terms of a dyadic sequence of
scales $\lambda_{j+1} =\lambda_1 2^j$ with sufficiently large $\lambda_1$. The
nonlinear aspect of this construction is a counterpart of the fact that one
cannot linearly solve $T U =f$ in critical spaces.


  New-generation spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way plane have been
revealing the structure of the interstellar medium, allowing the simultaneous
study of dense structures from single star-forming objects or systems to entire
spiral arms. We present the catalogue of molecular clouds extracted from the
$^{13}$CO(1-0) data cubes of the Forgotten Quadrant Survey, which mapped the
Galactic plane in the range 220\deg<l<240\deg, and -2.5\deg<b<0\deg in
$^{12}$CO(1-0) and $^{13}$CO(1-0).The catalogue contains 87 molecular clouds
for which the main physical parameters such as area, mass, distance, velocity
dispersion, and virial parameter were derived. These structures are overall
less extended and less massive than the molecular clouds identified in the
$^{12}$CO(1-0) data-set because they trace the brightest and densest part of
the $^{12}$CO(1-0) clouds. Conversely, the distribution of aspect ratio,
equivalent spherical radius, velocity dispersion, and virial parameter in the
two catalogues are similar. The mean value of the mass surface density of
molecular clouds is 87$\pm$55 M$_{\odot}$ pc$^{-2}$ and is almost constant
across the galactocentric radius, indicating that this parameter, which is a
proxy of star formation, is mostly affected by local conditions.In data of the
Forgotten Quadrant Survey, we find a good agreement between the total mass and
velocity dispersion of the clouds derived from $^{12}$CO(1-0) and
$^{13}$CO(1-0). This is likely because in the surveyed portion of the Galactic
plane, the H$_2$ column density is not particularly high, leading to a CO
emission with a not very high optical depth. This mitigates the effects of the
different line opacities between the two tracers on the derived physical
parameters. This is a common feature in the outer Galaxy, but our result cannot
be readily generalised to the entire Milky Way.


  No-reference video quality assessment (NR-VQA) for user generated content
(UGC) is crucial for understanding and improving visual experience. Unlike
video recognition tasks, VQA tasks are sensitive to changes in input
resolution. Since large amounts of UGC videos nowadays are 720p or above, the
fixed and relatively small input used in conventional NR-VQA methods results in
missing high-frequency details for many videos. In this paper, we propose a
novel Transformer-based NR-VQA framework that preserves the high-resolution
quality information. With the multi-resolution input representation and a novel
multi-resolution patch sampling mechanism, our method enables a comprehensive
view of both the global video composition and local high-resolution details.
The proposed approach can effectively aggregate quality information across
different granularities in spatial and temporal dimensions, making the model
robust to input resolution variations. Our method achieves state-of-the-art
performance on large-scale UGC VQA datasets LSVQ and LSVQ-1080p, and on
KoNViD-1k and LIVE-VQC without fine-tuning.


  We study the absorption and emission polarization of single semiconductor
quantum dots in semiconductor nanowires. We show that the polarization of light
absorbed or emitted by a nanowire quantum dot strongly depends on the
orientation of the nanowire with respect to the directions along which light is
incident or emitted. Light is preferentially linearly polarized when directed
perpendicular to the nanowire elongation. In contrast, the degree of linear
polarization is low for light directed along the nanowire. This result is vital
for photonic applications based on intrinsic properties of quantum dots, such
as generation of entangled photons. As an example, we demonstrate optical
access to the spin states of a single nanowire quantum dot.


  We provide analytical results for a static portfolio optimization problem
with two coherent risk measures. The use of two risk measures is motivated by
joint decision-making for portfolio selection where the risk perception of the
portfolio manager is of primary concern, hence, it appears in the objective
function, and the risk perception of an external authority needs to be taken
into account as well, which appears in the form of a risk constraint. The
problem covers the risk minimization problem with an expected return constraint
and the expected return maximization problem with a risk constraint, as special
cases. For the general case of an arbitrary joint distribution for the asset
returns, under certain conditions, we characterize the optimal portfolio as the
optimal Lagrange multiplier associated to an equality-constrained dual problem.
Then, we consider the special case of Gaussian returns for which it is possible
to identify all cases where an optimal solution exists and to give an explicit
formula for the optimal portfolio whenever it exists.


  We extend the persistence algorithm, viewed as an algorithm computing the
homology of a complex of free persistence or graded modules, to complexes of
modules that are not free. We replace persistence modules by their
presentations and develop an efficient algorithm to compute the homology of a
complex of presentations. To deal with inputs that are not given in terms of
presentations, we give an efficient algorithm to compute a presentation of a
morphism of persistence modules. This allows us to compute persistent
(co)homology of instances giving rise to complexes of non-free modules. Our
methods lead to a new efficient algorithm for computing the persistent homology
of simplicial towers and they enable efficient algorithms to compute the
persistent homology of cosheaves over simplicial towers and cohomology of
persistent sheaves on simplicial complexes. We also show that we can compute
the cohomology of persistent sheaves over arbitrary finite posets by reducing
the computation to a computation over simplicial complexes.


  Human groups can perform extraordinary accurate estimations compared to
individuals by simply using the mean, median or geometric mean of the
individual estimations [Galton 1907, Surowiecki 2005, Page 2008]. However, this
is true only for some tasks and in general these collective estimations show
strong biases. The method fails also when allowing for social interactions,
which makes the collective estimation worse as individuals tend to converge to
the biased result [Lorenz et al. 2011]. Here we show that there is a bright
side of this apparently negative impact of social interactions into collective
intelligence. We found that some individuals resist the social influence and,
when using the median of this subgroup, we can eliminate the bias of the wisdom
of the full crowd. To find this subgroup of individuals more confident in their
private estimations than in the social influence, we model individuals as
estimators that combine private and social information with different relative
weights [Perez-Escudero & de Polavieja 2011, Arganda et al. 2012]. We then
computed the geometric mean for increasingly smaller groups by eliminating
those using in their estimations higher values of the social influence weight.
The trend obtained in this procedure gives unbiased results, in contrast to the
simpler method of computing the median of the complete group. Our results show
that, while a simple operation like the mean, median or geometric mean of a
group may not allow groups to make good estimations, a more complex operation
taking into account individuality in the social dynamics can lead to a better
collective intelligence.


  It is sometimes argued that a virtue of pushing the supersymmetry breaking
scale above 1 PeV is that no particular flavor structure is required in the
soft sector in order to evade bounds on flavor-changing neutral currents.
However, without flavor structure, suppressing generic Planck-suppressed
contributions to proton decay requires even higher SUSY scales, of order
$10^{11}$ ($10^9$) GeV for degenerate (mini-split) gauginos and scalars. With
flavor structure, the question of whether proton decay or flavor symmetries are
more constraining is model-dependent, but it straightforward to find simple
models where both constraints are satisfied for much lower SUSY scales.


  In recent years, unified correspondence has been developed as a generalized
Sahlqvist theory which applies uniformly to all signatures of normal and
regular (distributive) lattice expansions. This includes a general definition
of the Sahlqvist and inductive formulas and inequalities in every such
signature, based on order theory. This definition covers in particular all
(bi-)intuitionistic modal logics. The theory of these logics has been
intensively studied over the past seventy years in connection with classical
polyadic modal logics, using suitable versions of Goedel-McKinsey-Tarski
translations as main tools. It is therefore natural to ask (1) whether a
general perspective on Goedel-McKinsey-Tarski translations can be attained,
also based on order-theoretic principles like those underlying the general
definition of Sahlqvist and inductive formulas and inequalities, which accounts
for the known Goedel-McKinsey-Tarski translations and applies uniformly to all
signatures of normal (distributive) lattice expansions; (2) whether this
general perspective can be used to transfer correspondence and canonicity
theorems for Sahlqvist and inductive formulas and inequalities in all
signatures described above under Goedel-McKinsey-Tarski translations.
  In the present paper, we set out to answer these questions. We answer (1) in
the affirmative; as to (2), we prove the transfer of the correspondence theorem
for inductive inequalities of arbitrary signatures of normal distributive
lattice expansions. We also prove the transfer of canonicity for inductive
inequalities, but only restricted to arbitrary normal modal expansions of
bi-intuitionistic logic. We also analyze the difficulties involved in obtaining
the transfer of canonicity outside this setting, and indicate a route to extend
the transfer of canonicity to all signatures of normal distributive lattice
expansions.


  It is well-known that in some situations it is not easy to compute the
likelihood function as the datasets might be large or the model is too complex.
In that contexts composite likelihood, derived by multiplying the likelihoods
of subjects of the variables, may be useful. The extension of the classical
likelihood ratio test statistics to the framework of composite likelihoods is
used as a procedure to solve the problem of testing in the context of composite
likelihood. In this paper we introduce and study a new family of test
statistics for composite likelihood: Composite {\phi}-divergence test
statistics for solving the problem of testing a simple null hypothesis or a
composite null hypothesis. To do that we introduce and study the asymptotic
distribution of the restricted maximum composite likelihood estimate.


  In this contribution we first review a method for obtaining the collective
modes of pair-correlated neutron matter as found in a neutron star inner crust.
We discuss two classes of modes corresponding to density and spin perturbations
with energy spectra $\omega = \omega_0 + \alpha q^2$, where $\omega_0 =
2\Delta$ is the threshold frequency and $\Delta$ is the gap in the neutron
fluid spectrum. For characteristic values of Landau parameters in neutron star
crusts the exitonic density modes have $\alpha < 0$, therefore they live below
the pair-breaking continuum $\omega_0$ and are undamped. For spin diffusive
modes $\alpha > 0$ and they exist above $\omega_0$ which implies that these
modes are damped. As an application of these findings we compute the thermal
conductivity due to spin diffusive modes and show that it scales as $T^{1/2}
\exp(-2\omega_0/T)$ in the case where their two-by-two scattering cross-section
is weakly dependent on temperature.


  Neutron-scattering experiments have been performed on lightly-doped
La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 single crystals in both the insulating (x=0.03,0.04,0.05) and
superconducting (x=0.06) regions. Elastic magnetic peaks are observed at low
temperatures in all samples with the maximum peak linewidth occuring at the
critical concentration x_c=0.05. New incommensurate peaks are observed only at
x=0.05, the positions of which are rotated by 45 degrees in reciprocal space
about (pi,pi) from those observed for x>=0.06 in the superconducting phase.


  We initiate the study of the $C^0$ symplectic mapping class group, i.e. the
group of isotopy classes of symplectic homeomorphisms. We prove that none of
the different powers of the square of the Dehn-Seidel twist belong to the same
connected component of the group of symplectic homeomorphisms of certain
Liouville domains. This generalizes to the $C^0$ setting a celebrated result of
Seidel. In other words, we obtain the non-triviality of the $C^0$ symplectic
mapping class group in these domains and in fact an element of infinite order.
For that purpose, we develop a method coming from Floer theory and the theory
of barcodes. This builds on recent developments of $C^0$-symplectic topology.
In particular, we adapt and generalize to our context results by
Buhovsky-Humili\`ere-Seyfaddini and Kislev-Shelukhin.


  We consider Minkowski compactifications of M-theory on generic
seven-dimensional manifolds. After analyzing the conditions on the four-form
flux, we establish a set of relations between the components of the intrinsic
torsion of the internal manifold and the components of the four-form flux
needed for preserving supersymmetry. The existence of two nowhere vanishing
vectors on any seven-manifold with G_2 structure plays a crucial role in our
analysis, leading to the possibility of four-dimensional compactifications with
N=1 and N=2 supersymmetry.


  The exact superposition of a central static black hole with surrounding thin
disk in presence of a magnetic field is investigated. We consider two models of
disk, one of infinite extension based on a Kuzmin-Chazy-Curzon metric and other
finite based on the first Morgan-Morgan disk. We also analyze a simple model of
active galactic nuclei consisting of black hole, a Kuzmin-Chazy-Curzon disk and
two rods representing jets, in presence of magnetic field. To explain the
stability of the disks we consider the matter of the disk made of two
pressureless streams of counterrotating charged particles (counterrotating
model) moving along electrogeodesic. Using the Rayleigh criterion we derivate
for circular orbits the stability conditions of the particles of the streams.
The influence of the magnetic field on the matter properties of the disk and on
its stability are also analyzed.


  The quantum dynamics of the coupling between a cavity optical field and a
resonator microwave field via the electro-optic effect is studied. This
coupling has the same form as the opto-mechanical coupling via radiation
pressure, so all previously considered opto-mechanical effects can in principle
be observed in electro-optic systems as well. In particular, I point out the
possibilities of laser cooling of the microwave mode, entanglement between the
optical mode and the microwave mode via electro-optic parametric amplification,
and back-action-evading optical measurements of a microwave quadrature.


  Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) provides a
method for secret communication whose security does not rely on trusted
measurement devices. In all existing MDI-QKD protocols, the participant Charlie
has to perform the Bell state measurement or other joint measurements. Here we
propose an MDI-QKD protocol which requires individual measurements only.
Meanwhile, all operations of the receiver Bob are classical, without the need
for preparing and measuring quantum systems. Thus the implementation of the
protocol has a lower technical requirement on Bob and Charlie.


  In 2019, Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) mission released
its findings on the mass and radius of the isolated neutron star (INS) PSR
J0030+0451, revealing a mass of approximately 1.4 solar masses ($M_{\odot}$)
and a radius near 13 kilometers. However, the recent re-analysis by the NICER
collaboration \citep{vinciguerra2024updated} suggests that the available data
primarily yields a precise inference of the compactness for this source while
the resulting mass and radius are strongly model-dependent and diverse (the
68.3\% credible regions just overlap slightly for the ST+PDT and PDT-U models).
By integrating this compactness data with the equation of state (EoS) refined
by our latest investigations, we have deduced the mass and radius for PSR
J0030+0451, delivering estimates of $M=1.48^{+0.09}_{-0.10}~M_\odot$ and
$R=12.38_{-0.70}^{+0.51}~{\rm km}$ for the compactness found in ST+PDT model,
alongside $M=1.47^{+0.14}_{-0.20}~M_\odot$ and $R=12.37_{-0.69}^{+0.50}~{\rm
km}$ for the compactness in PDT-U model. These two groups of results are well
consistent with each other and the direct X-ray data inference within the
ST+PDT model seems to be favored. Additionally, we have calculated the tidal
deformability, moment of inertia, and gravitational binding energy for this NS.
Furthermore, employing these refined EoS models, we have updated mass-radius
estimates for three INSs with established gravitational redshifts.


  The kinetics of primary alpha-Ti colony/Widmanstatten plate growth from the
beta are examined, comparing model to experiment. The plate growth velocity
depends sensitively both on the diffusivity D(T) of the rate-limiting species
and on the supersaturation around the growing plate. These result in a maxima
in growth velocity around 40 K below the transus, once sufficient
supersaturation is available to drive plate growth. In Ti-6246, the plate
growth velocity was found to be around 0.32 um min-1 at 850 oC, which was in
good agreement with the model prediction of 0.36 um min-1 . The solute field
around the growing plates, and the plate thickness, was found to be quite
variable, due to the intergrowth of plates and soft impingement. This solute
field was found to extend to up to 30 nm, and the interface concentration in
the beta was found to be around 6.4 at.% Mo. It was found that increasing O
content will have minimal effect on the plate lengths expected during
continuous cooling; in contrast, Mo approximately doubles the plate lengths
obtained for every 2 wt.% Mo reduction. Alloys using V as the beta stabiliser
instead of Mo are expected to have much faster plate growth kinetics at
nominally equivalent V contents. These findings will provide a useful tool for
the integrated design of alloys and process routes to achieve tailored
microstructures.


  We prove a global uniform Artin-Rees lemma type theorem for sections of ample
line bundles over smooth projective varieties. This result is used to prove an
Artin-Rees lemma for the polynomial ring with uniform degree bounds. The proof
is based on multidimensional residue calculus.


  Reliable predictive uncertainty estimation plays an important role in
enabling the deployment of neural networks to safety-critical settings. A
popular approach for estimating the predictive uncertainty of neural networks
is to define a prior distribution over the network parameters, infer an
approximate posterior distribution, and use it to make stochastic predictions.
However, explicit inference over neural network parameters makes it difficult
to incorporate meaningful prior information about the data-generating process
into the model. In this paper, we pursue an alternative approach. Recognizing
that the primary object of interest in most settings is the distribution over
functions induced by the posterior distribution over neural network parameters,
we frame Bayesian inference in neural networks explicitly as inferring a
posterior distribution over functions and propose a scalable function-space
variational inference method that allows incorporating prior information and
results in reliable predictive uncertainty estimates. We show that the proposed
method leads to state-of-the-art uncertainty estimation and predictive
performance on a range of prediction tasks and demonstrate that it performs
well on a challenging safety-critical medical diagnosis task in which reliable
uncertainty estimation is essential.


  The problem of optimal power allocation among the relays in a two-hop
decode-and-forward cooperative relay network with independent Rayleigh fading
channels is considered. It is assumed that only the relays that decode the
source message correctly contribute in data transmission. Moreover, only the
knowledge of statistical channel state information is available. A new simple
closed-form expression for the average symbol error probability is derived.
Based on this expression, a new power allocation method that minimizes the
average symbol error probability and takes into account the constraints on the
total average power of all the relay nodes and maximum instant power of each
relay node is developed. The corresponding optimization problem is shown to be
a convex problem that can be solved using interior point methods. However, an
approximate closed-form solution is obtained and shown to be practically more
appealing due to significant complexity reduction. The accuracy of the
approximation is discussed. Moreover, the so obtained closed-form solution
gives additional insights into the optimal power allocation problem. Simulation
results confirm the improved performance of the proposed power allocation
scheme as compared to other schemes.


  Since the 21st century, the global outbreaks of infectious diseases such as
SARS in 2003, H1N1 in 2009, and H7N9 in 2013, have become the critical threat
to the public health and a hunting nightmare to the government. Understanding
the propagation in large-scale metapopulations and predicting the future
outbreaks thus become crucially important for epidemic control and prevention.
In the literature, there have been a bulk of studies on modeling intra-city
epidemic propagation but with the single population assumption (homogeneity).
Some recent works on metapopulation propagation, however, focus on finding
specific human mobility physical networks to approximate diseases transmission
networks, whose generality to fit different diseases cannot be guaranteed. In
this paper, we argue that the intra-city epidemic propagation should be modeled
on a metapopulation base, and propose a two-step method for this purpose. The
first step is to understand the propagation system by inferring the underlying
disease infection network. To this end, we propose a novel network inference
model called D$^2$PRI, which reduces the individual network into a
sub-population network without information loss, and incorporates the power-law
distribution prior and data prior for better performance. The second step is to
predict the disease propagation by extending the classic SIR model to a
metapopulation SIR model that allows visitors transmission between any two
sub-populations. The validity of our model is testified on a real-life clinical
report data set about the airborne disease in the Shenzhen city, China. The
D$^2$PRI model with the extended SIR model exhibit superior performance in
various tasks including network inference, infection prediction and outbreaks
simulation.


  Open-vocabulary object detection, which is concerned with the problem of
detecting novel objects guided by natural language, has gained increasing
attention from the community. Ideally, we would like to extend an
open-vocabulary detector such that it can produce bounding box predictions
based on user inputs in form of either natural language or exemplar image. This
offers great flexibility and user experience for human-computer interaction. To
this end, we propose a novel open-vocabulary detector based on DETR -- hence
the name OV-DETR -- which, once trained, can detect any object given its class
name or an exemplar image. The biggest challenge of turning DETR into an
open-vocabulary detector is that it is impossible to calculate the
classification cost matrix of novel classes without access to their labeled
images. To overcome this challenge, we formulate the learning objective as a
binary matching one between input queries (class name or exemplar image) and
the corresponding objects, which learns useful correspondence to generalize to
unseen queries during testing. For training, we choose to condition the
Transformer decoder on the input embeddings obtained from a pre-trained
vision-language model like CLIP, in order to enable matching for both text and
image queries. With extensive experiments on LVIS and COCO datasets, we
demonstrate that our OV-DETR -- the first end-to-end Transformer-based
open-vocabulary detector -- achieves non-trivial improvements over current
state of the arts.


  Bird's-eye-view (BEV) is a powerful and widely adopted representation for
road scenes that captures surrounding objects and their spatial locations,
along with overall context in the scene. In this work, we focus on bird's eye
semantic segmentation, a task that predicts pixel-wise semantic segmentation in
BEV from side RGB images. This task is made possible by simulators such as
Carla, which allow for cheap data collection, arbitrary camera placements, and
supervision in ways otherwise not possible in the real world. There are two
main challenges to this task: the view transformation from side view to bird's
eye view, as well as transfer learning to unseen domains. Existing work
transforms between views through fully connected layers and transfer learns via
GANs. This suffers from a lack of depth reasoning and performance degradation
across domains. Our novel 2-staged perception pipeline explicitly predicts
pixel depths and combines them with pixel semantics in an efficient manner,
allowing the model to leverage depth information to infer objects' spatial
locations in the BEV. In addition, we transfer learning by abstracting
high-level geometric features and predicting an intermediate representation
that is common across different domains. We publish a new dataset called
BEVSEG-Carla and show that our approach improves state-of-the-art by 24% mIoU
and performs well when transferred to a new domain.


  SN1993J is to date the radio supernova whose evolution has been monitored in
greatest detail and the one which holds best promise for a comprehensive
theoretical-observational analysis. The shell-like radio structure of SN1993J
has expanded in general accord with models of shock excited emission, showing
almost circular symmetry for over 8 years, except for a bright feature at the
south-eastern region of the shell that has been observed at every epoch. The
spectrum of SN1993J has flattened from alpha =-1 to alpha =-0.67 (S_(\nu)
propto nu**(alpha)). The decelerated expansion can be modeled well with a
single slope but apparently better with two slopes. There are also intriguing
hints of structure in the expansion curve. The results by the two VLBI groups
carrying out this research show general agreement, but also some differences. A
comparison of the optical and VLBI results about the details of the
deceleration show some discrepancies.


  It is evidenced that effective lattice-gas models of hard-core monomers and
dimers afford a proper description of low-temperature features of spin-1/2
Heisenberg diamond and octahedral chains. Besides monomeric particles assigned
within the localized-magnon theory to bound one- and two-magnon eigenstates,
the effective monomer-dimer lattice-gas model additionally includes dimeric
particles assigned to a singlet-tetramer (singlet-hexamer) state as a
cornerstone of dimer-tetramer (tetramer-hexamer) ground state of a spin-1/2
Heisenberg diamond (octahedral) chain. A feasibility of the effective
description is confirmed through the exact diagonalization and
finite-temperature Lanczos methods. Both quantum spin chains display rich
ground-state phase diagrams including discontinuous as well as continuous
field-driven phase transitions, whereby the specific heat shows in vicinity of
the former phase transitions an extraordinary low-temperature peak coming from
a highly-degenerate manifold of low-lying excitations.


  Vortex motion is a complex problem due to the interplay between the
short-range physics at the vortex core level and the long-range hydrodynamical
effects. Here we show that the hydrodynamic equations of vortex motion in a
compressible superfluid can be solved exactly in a model "slab" geometry.
Starting from an exact solution for an incompressible fluid, the hydrodynamic
equations are solved with a series expansion in a small tunable parameter
provided by the ratio of the healing length, characterizing the vortex cores,
to the slab width. The key dynamical properties of the vortex, the inertial and
physical masses, are well defined and renormalizable. They are calculated at
leading order beyond the logarithmic accuracy that has limited previous
approaches. Our results provide a solid framework for further detailed study of
the vortex mass and vortex forces in strongly-correlated and exotic
superfluids. The proposed geometry can be realised in quantum-gas experiments
where high-precision measurements of vortex mass parameters are feasible.


  At early times in numerical evolutions of binary black holes, current
simulations contain an initial burst of spurious gravitational radiation (also
called "junk radiation") which is not astrophysically realistic. The spurious
radiation is a consequence of how the binary-black-hole initial data are
constructed: the initial data are typically assumed to be conformally flat. In
this paper, I adopt a curved conformal metric that is a superposition of two
boosted, non-spinning black holes that are approximately 15 orbits from merger.
I compare junk radiation of the superposed-boosted-Schwarzschild (SBS) initial
data with the junk of corresponding conformally flat, maximally sliced (CFMS)
initial data. The SBS junk is smaller in amplitude than the CFMS junk, with the
junk's leading-order spectral modes typically being reduced by a factor of
order two or more.


  Map-centric SLAM utilizes elasticity as a means of loop closure. This
approach reduces the cost of loop closure while still provides large-scale
fusion-based dense maps, when compared to the trajectory-centric SLAM
approaches. In this paper, we present a novel framework for 3D LiDAR-based
map-centric SLAM. Having the advantages of a map-centric approach, our method
exhibits new features to overcome the shortcomings of existing systems,
associated with multi-modal sensor fusion and LiDAR motion distortion. This is
accomplished through the use of a local Continuous-Time (CT) trajectory
representation. Also, our surface resolution preservative matching algorithm
and Wishart-based surfel fusion model enables non-redundant yet dense mapping.
Furthermore, we present a robust metric loop closure model to make the approach
stable regardless of where the loop closure occurs. Finally, we demonstrate our
approach through both simulation and real data experiments using multiple
sensor payload configurations and environments to illustrate its utility and
robustness.


  We investigate many body localization in the presence of a single particle
mobility edge. By considering an interacting deterministic model with an
incommensurate potential in one dimension we find that the single particle
mobility edge in the noninteracting system leads to a many body mobility edge
in the corresponding interacting system for certain parameter regimes. Using
exact diagonalization, we probe the mobility edge via energy resolved
entanglement entropy (EE) and study the energy resolved applicability (or
failure) of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Our numerical
results indicate that the transition separating area and volume law scaling of
the EE does not coincide with the non-thermal to thermal transition.
Consequently, there exists an extended non-ergodic phase for an intermediate
energy window where the many body eigenstates violate the ETH while manifesting
volume law EE scaling. We also establish that the model possesses an infinite
temperature many body localization transition despite the existence of a single
particle mobility edge. We propose a practical scheme to test our predictions
in atomic optical lattice experiments which can directly probe the effects of
the mobility edge.


  In this paper, we consider a two-dimensional heterogeneous cellular network
scenario consisting of one base station (BS) and some mobile stations (MSs)
whose locations follow a Poisson point process (PPP). The MSs are equipped with
multiple radio access interfaces including a cellular access interface and at
least one short-range communication interface. We propose a nearest-neighbor
cooperation communication (NNCC) scheme by exploiting the short-range
communication between a MS and its nearest neighbor to collaborate on their
uplink transmissions. In the proposed cooperation scheme, a MS and its nearest
neighbor first exchange data by the short-range communication. Upon successful
decoding of the data from each other, they proceed to send their own data, as
well as the data received from the other to the BS respectively in orthogonal
time slots. The energy efficiency analysis for the proposed scheme is presented
based on the characteristics of the PPP and the Rayleigh fading channel.
Numerical results show that the NNCC scheme significantly improves the energy
efficiency compared to the conventional non-cooperative uplink transmissions.


  We review the derivation of the Gaudin model with integrable boundaries.
Starting from the non-symmetric R-matrix of the inhomogeneous spin-1/2 XXZ
chain and generic solutions of the reflection equation and the dual reflection
equation, the corresponding Gaudin Hamiltonians with boundary terms are
calculated. An alternative derivation based on the so-called classical
reflection equation is discussed.


  We show that Shipley's "detection functor" for symmetric spectra generalizes
to motivic symmetric spectra. As an application, we construct motivic strict
ring spectra representing morphic cohomology, semi-topological $K$-theory, and
semi-topological cobordism for complex varieties. As a further application to
semi-topological cobordism, we show that it is related to semi-topological
$K$-theory via a Conner-Floyd type isomorphism and that after inverting a lift
of the Friedlander-Mazur $s$-element in morphic cohomology, semi-topological
cobordism becomes isomorphic to periodic complex cobordism.


  The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is renowned for spanning sources of
nutrients with networks of protoplasmic tubes. The networks transport nutrients
and metabolites across the plasmodium's body. To imitate a hypothetical
colonisation of the world and formation of major transportation routes we cut
continents from agar plates arranged in Petri dishes or on the surface of a
three-dimensional globe, represent positions of selected metropolitan areas
with oat flakes and inoculate the plasmodium in one of the metropolitan areas.
The plasmodium propagates towards the sources of nutrients, spans them with its
network of protoplasmic tubes and even crosses bare substrate between the
continents. From the laboratory experiments we derive weighted Physarum graphs,
analyse their structure, compare them with the basic proximity graphs and
generalised graphs derived from the Silk Road and the Asia Highway networks.


  We study massless deformations of generalized calibrated cycles, which
describe, in the language of generalized complex geometry, supersymmetric
D-branes in N=1 supersymmetric compactifications with fluxes. We find that the
deformations are classified by the first cohomology group of a Lie algebroid
canonically associated to the generalized calibrated cycle, seen as a
generalized complex submanifold with respect to the integrable generalized
complex structure of the bulk. We provide examples in the SU(3) structure case
and in a `genuine' generalized complex structure case. We discuss cases of
lifting of massless modes due to world-volume fluxes, background fluxes and a
generalized complex structure that changes type.


  We study the dependence of the first eigenvalue of the Finsler $p$-Laplacian
and the corresponding eigenfunctions upon perturbation of the domain and we
generalize a few results known for the standard $p$-Laplacian. In particular,
we prove a Frech\'{e}t differentiability result for the eigenvalues, we compute
the corresponding Hadamard formulas and we prove a continuity result for the
eigenfunctions. Finally, we briefly discuss a well-known overdetermined problem
and we show how to deduce the Rellich-Pohozaev identity for the Finsler
$p$-Laplacian from the Hadamard formula.


  In this note a characterization of anallytically Riesz operators is given.
This work completes the article [1].


  Well balanced and free energy dissipative first- and second-order accurate
finite volume schemes are proposed for a general class of hydrodynamic systems
with linear and nonlinear damping. The natural Liapunov functional of the
system, given by its free energy, allows for a characterization of the
stationary states by its variation. An analog property at the discrete level
enables us to preserve stationary states at machine precision while keeping the
dissipation of the discrete free energy. These schemes allow for analysing
accurately the stability properties of stationary states in challeging problems
such as: phase transitions in collective behavior, generalized Euler-Poisson
systems in chemotaxis and astrophysics, and models in dynamic density
functional theories; having done a careful validation in a battery of relevant
test cases.


  The discrete Efimov scaling behavior, well-known in the low-energy spectrum
of three-body bound systems for large scattering lengths (unitary limit), is
identified in the energy dependence of atom-molecule elastic cross-section in
mass imbalanced systems. That happens in the collision of a heavy atom with
mass $m_H$ with a weakly-bound dimer formed by the heavy atom and a lighter one
with mass $m_L \ll m_H$. Approaching the heavy-light unitary limit the $s-$wave
elastic cross-section $\sigma$ will present a sequence of zeros/minima at
collision energies following closely the Efimov geometrical law. Our results
open a new perspective to detect the discrete scaling behavior from low-energy
scattering data, which is timely in view of the ongoing experiments with
ultra-cold binary mixtures having strong mass asymmetries, such as Lithium and
Caesium or Lithium and Ytterbium.


  Motivated by results of Henry, Pralat and Zhang (PNAS 108.21 (2011):
8605-8610), we propose a general scheme for evolving spatial networks in order
to reduce their total edge lengths. We study the properties of the equilbria of
two networks from this class, which interpolate between three well studied
objects: the Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi random graph, the random geometric graph, and
the minimum spanning tree. The first of our two evolutions can be used as a
model for a social network where individuals have fixed opinions about a number
of issues and adjust their ties to be connected to people with similar views.
The second evolution which preserves the connectivity of the network has
potential applications in the design of transportation networks and other
distribution systems.


  The properties of the ground state of relativistic matter in a magnetic field
are examined within the framework of a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The main
emphasis of this study is the normal ground state, which is realized at
sufficiently high temperatures and/or sufficiently large chemical potentials.
In contrast to the vacuum state, which is characterized by the magnetic
catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking, the normal state is accompanied by the
dynamical generation of the chiral shift parameter $\Delta$. In the chiral
limit, the value of $\Delta$ determines a relative shift of the longitudinal
momenta (along the direction of the magnetic field) in the dispersion relations
of opposite chirality fermions. We argue that the chirality remains a good
approximate quantum number even for massive fermions in the vicinity of the
Fermi surface and, therefore, the chiral shift is expected to play an important
role in many types of cold dense relativistic matter, relevant for applications
in compact stars. The qualitative implications of the revealed structure of the
normal ground state on the physics of protoneutron stars are discussed. A
noticeable feature of the $\Delta$ parameter is that it is insensitive to
temperature when $T \ll \mu_0$, where $\mu_0$ is the chemical potential, and
{\it increases} with temperature for $T > \mu_0$. The latter implies that the
chiral shift parameter is also generated in the regime relevant for heavy ion
collisions.


  The nuclear overlap zone in non-central relativistic heavy ion collisions is
azimuthally very asymmetric. By varying the angle between the axes of
deformation and the transverse direction of the pair momenta, the transverse
HBT radii oscillate in a characteristic way. It is shown that these
oscillations allow determination of source sizes, deformations as well as the
opacity and duration of emission of the source created in any non-central high
energy nuclear collisions. The behavior of the physical quantities with
centrality of the collisions is discussed --- in particular changes caused by a
possible phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma.


  We first briefly review a treatment of the scalars in meson meson scattering
based on a non-linear chiral Lagrangian, with unitarity implemented by a
"local" modification of the scalar propagators. It is shown that the main
results are confirmed by a treatment in the SU(3) linear sigma model in which
unitarity is implemented "globally". Some remarks are made on the speculative
subject of the scalars' quark structure.


  We prove in this paper the uniqueness theorem for a certain class of harmonic
functions defined in unbounded domain lying in a band.


  A linear operator $T$ between two vector lattices normed by locally solid
Riesz spaces is said to be $p_\tau$-continuous if, for any $p_\tau$-null net
$(x_\alpha)$, the net $(Tx_\alpha)$ is $p_\tau$-null, and $T$ is said to be
$p_\tau$-bounded operator if it sends $p_\tau$-bounded subsets to
$p_\tau$-bounded subsets. Also, $T$ is called $p_\tau$-compact if, for any
$p_\tau$-bounded net $(x_\alpha)$, the net $(Tx_\alpha)$ has a
$p_\tau$-convergent subnet. They generalize several known classes of operators
such as norm continuous, order continuous, $p$-continuous, order bounded,
$p$-bounded, compact and AM-compact operators. We study the general properties
of these operators.


  Using analytical methods and Monte Carlo simulations, we analyze new
statistics designed to detect isolated step-like discontinuities which are
coherent over large areas of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) pixel maps. Such
coherent temperature discontinuities are predicted by the Kaiser-Stebbins
effect to form due to long cosmic strings present in our present horizon. The
background of the coherent step-like seed is assumed to be a scale invariant
Gaussian random field which could have been produced by a superposition of
seeds on smaller scales and/or by inflationary quantum fluctuations. We find
that the proposed statistics can detect the presense of a coherent
discontinuity at a sensitivity level almost an order of magnitude better
compared to more conventional statistics like the skewness or the kurtosis.


  Context. Based on their overwhelming dominance among associated Fermi gamma
ray catalogue sources, it is expected that a large fraction of the unidentified
Fermi objects are blazars. Through crossmatching between the positions of
unidentified gamma ray sources from the First Fermi Catalog of gamma ray
sources emitting above 10 GeV (1FHL) and the ROSAT and Swift XRT catalogues of
X ray objects and between pointed XRT observations, a sample of 36 potential
associations was found in previous works with less than 15 arcsec of positional
offset. One third of them have recently been classified; the remainder, though
believed to belong to the blazar class, still lack spectroscopic
classifications. Aims. We study the optical spectrum of the putative
counterparts of these unidentified gamma ray sources in order to find their
redshifts and to determine their nature and main spectral characteristics.
Methods. An observational campaign was carried out on the putative counterparts
of 13 1FHL sources using medium resolution optical spectroscopy from the
Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna in Loiano, Italy; the Telescopio Nazionale
Galileo and the Nordic Optical Telescope, both in the Canary Islands, Spain;
and the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional San Pedro Martir in Baja California,
Mexico. Results. We were able to classify 14 new objects based on their
continuum shapes and spectral features. Conclusions. Twelve new blazars were
found, along with one new quasar and one new narrow line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) to be
potentially associated with the 1FHL sources of our sample. Redshifts or lower
limits were obtained when possible alongside central black hole mass and
luminosity estimates for the NLS1 and the quasar.


  This thesis is concerning to the Differential Galois Theory point of view of
the Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics. The main object considered here is the
non-relativistic stationary Schr\"odinger equation, specially the integrable
cases in the sense of the Picard-Vessiot theory and the main algorithmic tools
used here are the Kovacic algorithm and the \emph{algebrization method} to
obtain linear differential equations with rational coefficients. We analyze the
Darboux transformations, Crum iterations and supersymmetric quantum mechanics
with their \emph{algebrized} versions from a Galoisian approach. Applying the
algebrization method and the Kovacic's algorithm we obtain the ground state,
the set of eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, the differential Galois groups and
eigenrings of some Schr\"odinger equation with potentials such as exactly
solvable and shape invariant potentials. Finally, we introduce one methodology
to find exactly solvable potentials: to construct other potentials, we apply
the algebrization algorithm in an inverse way since differential equations with
orthogonal polynomials and special functions as solutions.


  The description of gauge theories at strong coupling is one of the
long-standing problems in theoretical physics. The idea of a relation between
strongly coupled gauge theories and string theory was pioneered by 't Hooft,
Wilson and Polyakov. A decade ago, Maldacena made this relation explicit by
conjecturing the exact equivalence of a conformally invariant theory in four
dimensions, the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, with string theory
in the AdS5 x S5 background. Other examples of correspondence between a
conformally invariant theory and string theory in an AdS background were
discovered recently. The comparison of the two sides of the correspondence
requires the use of non-perturbative methods. The discovery of integrable
structures in gauge theory and string theory led to the conjecture that the two
theories are integrable for any value of the coupling constant and that they
share the same integrable structure defined non-perturbatively. The last eight
years brought remarkable progress in identifying this solvable model and in
explicitly solving the problem of computing the spectrum of conformal
dimensions of the theory. The progress came from the identification of the
dilatation operator with an integrable spin chain and from the study of the
string sigma model. In this thesis, I present the evolution of the concept of
integrability in the framework of the AdS/CFT correspondence and the the main
results obtained using this approach.


  At the dawn of a new theoretical tool based on the AdS/CFT correspondence for
nonperturbative aspects of quantum chromodynamics, we give an interim review on
the new tool, holographic QCD, with some of its accomplishment. We try to give
an A-to-Z picture of the holographic QCD, from string theory to a few selected
top-down holographic QCD models with one or two physical applications in each
model. We may not attempt to collect diverse results from various holographic
QCD model studies.


  A widely known result of Elman, and its improvements due to Starke, Eiermann
and Ernst, gives a bound on the worst-case GMRES residual norm using quantities
related to the field of values of the given matrix and its inverse. We prove
that these bounds also hold for the ideal GMRES approximation, and we derive
and discuss some improvements of the bounds.


  A paradigm model is suggested for describing the diffusive limit of
trajectories of two Lorentz disks moving in a finite horizon periodic
configuration of smooth, strictly convex scatterers and interacting with each
other via elastic collisions. For this model the diffusive limit of the two
trajectories is a mixture of joint Gaussian laws (analogous behavior is
expected for the mechanical model of two Lorentz disks).


  Force-free neutron star magnetospheres are nowadays well known and found
through numerical simulations. Even extension to general relativity has
recently been achieved. However, those solutions are by definition
dissipationless, meaning that the star is unable to accelerate particles and
let them radiate any photon. Interestingly, the force-free model has no free
parameter however it must be superseded by a dissipative mechanism within the
plasma. In this paper, we investigate the magnetosphere electrodynamics for
particles moving in the radiation reaction regime, using the limit where
acceleration is fully balanced by radiation, also called Aristotelian dynamics.
An Ohm's law is derived, from which the dissipation rate is controlled by a one
parameter family of solutions depending on the pair multiplicity~$\kappa$. The
spatial extension of the dissipation zone is found self-consistently from the
simulations. We show that the radiative magnetosphere of an aligned rotator
tends to the force-free regime whenever the pair multiplicity becomes
moderately large, $\kappa \gg 1$. However, for low multiplicity, a substantial
fraction of the spindown energy goes into particle acceleration and radiation
in addition to the Poynting flux, the latter remaining only dominant for large
multiplicities. We show that the work done on the plasma occurs predominantly
in the equatorial current sheet right outside the light-cylinder.


  We study the dynamics of energy loss and flow of heavy quarks produced in
ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions within the framework of a Langevin
equation coupled to a (2+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model that
simulates the space-time evolution of the produced hot and dense QCD matter.
The classical Langevin approach is improved such that, apart from quasi-elastic
scatterings, radiative energy loss is incorporated by treating gluon radiation
as an additional force term. The hadronization of emitted heavy quarks is
simulated via a hybrid fragmentation plus recombination model. Our calculation
shows significant contribution from gluon radiation to heavy quark energy loss
at high energies, and we find the recombination mechanism is important for
heavy flavor meson production at intermediate energies. We present numerical
results for the nuclear modification and elliptic flow of D mesons, which are
consistent with measurements at both LHC and RHIC; predictions for B mesons are
also provided.


  The Local Group (LG) hosts many dwarf galaxies with diverse physical
characteristics in terms of morphology, mass, star formation, and metallicity.
To this end, LG can offer a unique site to tackle questions about the formation
and evolution of galaxies by providing detailed information. While large
telescopes are often the first choices for such studies, small telescope
surveys that perform dedicated observations are still important, particularly
in studying bright objects in the nearby universe. In this regard, we conducted
a nine epoch survey of 55 dwarf galaxies called the Local Group dwarf galaxies
survey using the 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) in La Palma to identify
Long-Period Variable (LPV) stars, namely Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) and Red
Super Giant (RSG) stars. AGB stars formed at different times and studying their
radial distribution and mass-loss rate can shed light on the structure
formation in galaxies. To further investigate the evolutionary path of these
galaxies, we construct their star formation history (SFH) using the LPV stars,
which are at the final stages of their evolution and therefore experience
brightness fluctuations on the timescales between hundred to thousand days. In
this paper, we present some of the results of the Local Group dwarf galaxies
survey.


  Citing comprehensively and appropriately has become a challenging task with
the explosive growth of scientific publications. Current citation
recommendation systems aim to recommend a list of scientific papers for a given
text context or a draft paper. However, none of the existing work focuses on
already included citations of full papers, which are imperfect and still have
much room for improvement. In the scenario of peer reviewing, it is a common
phenomenon that submissions are identified as missing vital citations by
reviewers. This may lead to a negative impact on the credibility and validity
of the research presented. To help improve citations of full papers, we first
define a novel task of Recommending Missed Citations Identified by Reviewers
(RMC) and construct a corresponding expert-labeled dataset called CitationR. We
conduct an extensive evaluation of several state-of-the-art methods on
CitationR. Furthermore, we propose a new framework RMCNet with an Attentive
Reference Encoder module mining the relevance between papers, already-made
citations, and missed citations. Empirical results prove that RMC is
challenging, with the proposed architecture outperforming previous methods in
all metrics. We release our dataset and benchmark models to motivate future
research on this challenging new task.


  Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) holds the promise of
breaking down communication barriers and enabling fluid conversations across
languages. However, achieving accurate, real-time translation through mobile
devices remains a major challenge. We introduce SimulTron, a novel S2ST
architecture designed to tackle this task. SimulTron is a lightweight direct
S2ST model that uses the strengths of the Translatotron framework while
incorporating key modifications for streaming operation, and an adjustable
fixed delay. Our experiments show that SimulTron surpasses Translatotron 2 in
offline evaluations. Furthermore, real-time evaluations reveal that SimulTron
improves upon the performance achieved by Translatotron 1. Additionally,
SimulTron achieves superior BLEU scores and latency compared to previous
real-time S2ST method on the MuST-C dataset. Significantly, we have
successfully deployed SimulTron on a Pixel 7 Pro device, show its potential for
simultaneous S2ST on-device.


  A microscopic theory of the magnetic-field modulation of critical currents is
developed for plane Josephson junctions with anharmonic current-phase
relations. The results obtained allow examining temperature-dependent
deviations of the modulation from the conventional interference pattern. For
tunneling through localized states in symmetric short junctions with a
pronounced anharmonic behavior, the deviations are obtained and shown to depend
on distribution of channel transparencies. For constant transparency the
deviations vanish not only near Tc, but also at T=0. If Dorokhov bimodal
distribution for transparency eigenvalues holds, the averaged deviation
increases with decreasing temperature and takes its maximum at T=0.


  The recognition that the metallicity of Type Ia supernova (SNIa) progenitors
might bias their use for cosmological applications has led to an increasing
interest in its role on the shaping of SNIa light curves. We explore the
sensitivity of the synthesized mass of 56Ni, M(56Ni), to the progenitor
metallicity starting from Pre-Main Sequence models with masses M0 = 2 - 7 M_sun
and metallicities Z = 1e-5 - 0.10. The interplay between convective mixing and
carbon burning during the simmering phase eventually rises the neutron excess
and leads to a smaller 56Ni yield, but does not change substantially the
dependence of M(56Ni) on Z. Uncertain attributes of the WD, like the central
density, have a minor effect on M(56Ni). Our main results are: 1) a sizable
amount of 56 Ni is synthesized during incomplete Si-burning, which leads to a
stronger dependence of M(56Ni) on Z than obtained by assuming that 56Ni is
produced in material that burns fully to nuclear statistical equilibrium; 2) in
one-dimensional delayed detonation simulations a composition dependence of the
deflagration-to-detonation transition density gives a non-linear relationship
between M(56Ni) and Z, and predicts a luminosity larger than previously thought
at low metallicities (however, the progenitor metallicity alone cannot explain
the whole observational scatter of SNIa luminosities), and 3) an accurate
measurement of the slope of the Hubble residuals vs metallicity for a large
enough data set of SNIa might give clues to the physics of
deflagration-to-detonation transition in thermonuclear explosions.


  Lattice QCD approach to study the hadronic resonances and exotic hadrons is
described at an introductory level. The main challenge is that these states
decay strongly via one or more decay channels, and they often lie near
thersholds. Specific results for conventional and exotic hadrons are shown to
illustrate the current status.


  We study non-equilibrium dynamics of ultracold two-component Fermi gases in
low-dimensional geometries after the interactions are quenched from weakly
interacting to strongly interacting regime. We develop a T-matrix formalism
that takes into account the interplay between Pauli blocking and tight
confinement in low-dimensional geometries. We employ our formalism to study the
formation of molecules in quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gases near Feshbach
resonance and show that the rate at which molecules form depends strongly on
the transverse confinement. Furthermore, Pauli blocking gives rise to a sizable
correction to the binding energy of molecules.


  In this work, we have studied the temporal evolution of some properties of a
sample of superactive regions with the aim to single out the most significant
for flare activity forecasting. We have investigated properties of 14
superactive regions, observed between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2006
with MDI/SOHO instrument and characterized by a particularly intense flare
activity during their passage on the solar disk. We have analyzed the temporal
evolution of fractal and multifractal properties of photospheric magnetic
fields, namely the generalized fractal dimension and the cntribution and
dimensionality diversities, as well as the potential unstable volumes of
magnetic discontinuities above the studied ARs. Correlations of these
quantities with the flare index, which provides information about the flare
activity of a region, have also been estimated. We found that in 50 % of our
sample the generalized fractal dimension is correlated with the flare index
computed over windows of 50 hours, while the contribution diversity and the
dimensional diversity are anticorrelated with the same index. An increase of
the potential unstable volume of magnetic discontinuities in the corona is
observed before the phases characterized by more frequent and intense flares.
We also found that the free energy distribution functions of unstable volumes
of the analyzed superactive regions can be fitted with straight lines whose
slope is larger than the values found in previous works for less active
magnetic regions. The generalized fractal dimension and the potential unstable
volume of magnetic discontinuities are the most suitable for statistical
investigations of relations with flare activity over longer (50 hours) and
shorter (few hours) time intervals, respectively.


  We study the anisotropic quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet for spin-1/2 that
interpolates smoothly between the one-dimensional (1D) and the two-dimensional
(2D) limits. Using the spin Hartree-Fock approach we construct a quantitative
theory of heat capacity in the quasi-1D regime with a finite coupling between
spin chains. This theory reproduces closely the exact result of Bethe Ansatz in
the 1D limit and does not produces any spurious phase transitions for any
anisotropy in the quasi-1D regime at finite temperatures in agreement with the
Mermin-Wagner theorem. We study the static spin-spin correlation function in
order to analyse the interplay of lattice geometry and anisotropy in these
systems. We compare the square and triangular lattice. For the latter we find
that there is a quantum transition point at an intermediate anisotropy of
$\sim0.6$. This quantum phase transition establishes that the quasi-1D regime
extends upto a particular point in this geometry. For the square lattice the
change from the 1D to 2D occurs smoothly as a function of anisotropy, i.e. it
is of the crossover type. Comparing the newly developed theory to the available
experimental data on the heat capacity of $\rm{Cs}_2\rm{CuBr}_4$ and
$\rm{Cs}_2\rm{CuCl}_4$ we extract the microscopic constants of the exchange
interaction that previously could only be measured using inelastic neutron
scattering in high magnetic fields.


  We demonstrate experimentally a new form of induced transparency, i.e.,
chaos-induced transparency, in a slightly deformed microcavity which support
both continuous chaotic modes and discrete regular modes with Q factors
exceeding 3X?10^7. When excited by a focused laser beam, the induced
transparency in the transmission spectrum originates from the destructive
interference of two parallel optical pathways: (i) directly refractive
excitation of the chaotic modes, and (ii) excitation of the ultra-high-Q
regular mode via chaos-assisted dynamical tunneling mechanism coupling back to
the chaotic modes. By controlling the focal position of the laser beam, the
induced transparency experiences a highly tunable Fano-like asymmetric
lineshape. The experimental results are modeled by a quantum scattering theory
and show excellent agreement. This chaos-induced transparency is accompanied by
extremely steep normal dispersion, and may open up new possibilities a dramatic
slow light behavior and a significant enhancement of nonlinear interactions.


  A new method of writing down the path integral for spin-1 Heisenberg
antiferromagnetic chain is introduced. In place of the conventional coherent
state basis that leads to the non-linear sigma-model, we use a new basis called
the fluctuating matrix product states (fMPS) which embodies inter-site
entanglement from the outset. It forms an overcomplete set spanning the entire
Hilbert space of the spin-1 chain. Saddle-point analysis performed for the
bilinear-biquadratic spin model predicts Affeck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT)
state as the ground state in the vicinity of the AKLT Hamiltonian. Quadratic
effective action derived by gradient expansion around the saddle point is free
from constraints that plagued the non-linear sigma model and exactly solvable.
The obtained excitation modes agree precisely with the single-mode
approximation result for the AKLT Hamiltonian. Excitation spectra for other
BLBQ Hamiltonians are obtained as well by diagonalizing the quadratic action.


  Recent BaBaR data on the pion transition form factor, whose Q^2 dependence is
much steeper then predicted by asymptotic Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), have
caused a renewed interest in its theoretical description. We present here a
formalism based on a model independent low energy description and a high energy
description based on QCD, which match at a scale Q_0. The high energy
description incorporates a flat pion distribution amplitude, phi(x)=1, at the
matching scale Q_0 and QCD evolution from Q_0 to Q>Q_0. The flat pion
distribution is connected, through soft pion theorems and chiral symmetry, to
the pion valance parton distribution at the same low scale Q_0. The procedure
leads to a good description of the data, and incorporating additional twist
three effects, to an excellent description of the data.