  We establish a general optimization framework for the design of automated
bidding agent in dynamic online marketplaces. It optimizes solely for the
buyer's interest and is agnostic to the auction mechanism imposed by the
seller. As a result, the framework allows, for instance, the joint optimization
of a group of ads across multiple platforms each running its own auction
format. Bidding strategy derived from this framework automatically guarantees
the optimality of budget allocation across ad units and platforms. Common
constraints such as budget delivery schedule, return on investments and
guaranteed results, directly translates to additional parameters in the bidding
formula. We share practical learnings of the deployed bidding system in the
LinkedIn ad marketplace based on this framework.


  The most efficient known quantum circuits for preparing unitary coupled
cluster states and applying Trotter steps of the arbitrary basis electronic
structure Hamiltonian involve interleaved sequences of fermionic Gaussian
circuits and Ising interaction type circuits. These circuits arise from
factorizing the two-body operators generating those unitaries as a sum of
squared one-body operators that are simulated using product formulas. We
introduce a numerical algorithm for performing this factorization that has an
iteration complexity no worse than single particle basis transformations of the
two-body operators and often results in many times fewer squared one-body
operators in the sum of squares compared to the analytical decompositions. As
an application of this numerical procedure, we demonstrate that our protocol
can be used to approximate generic unitary coupled cluster operators and
prepare the necessary high-quality initial states for techniques (like
ADAPT-VQE) that iteratively construct approximations to the ground state.


  We studied spicular jets over a plage area and derived their dynamic
characteristics using Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) high-resolution
images. The target plage region was near the west limb of the solar disk. This
location permitted us to study the dynamics of spicular jets without the
overlapping effect of spicular structures along the line of sight.
  In this work, to increase the ease with which we can identify spicules on the
disk, we applied the image processing method `MadMax' developed by Koutchmy et
al. (1989). It enhances fine, slender structures (like jets), over a diffuse
background. We identified 169 spicules over the target plage. This sample
permits us to derive statistically reliable results regarding spicular
dynamics.
  The properties of plage spicules can be summarized as follows: (1) In a plage
area, we clearly identified spicular jet features. (2) They were shorter in
length than the quiet region limb spicules, and followed ballistic motion under
constant deceleration. (3) The majority (80%) of the plage spicules showed the
cycle of rise and retreat, while 10% of them faded out without a complete
retreat phase. (4) The deceleration of the spicule was proportional to the
velocity of ejection (i.e. the initial velocity).


  This paper continues the investigation of the formation of naked
singularities in the collapse of collisionless matter initiated in [RV]. There
the existence of certain classes of non-smooth solutions of the Einstein-Vlasov
system was proved. Those solutions are self-similar and hence not
asymptotically flat. To obtain solutions which are more physically relevant it
makes sense to attempt to cut off these solutions in a suitable way so as to
make them asymptotically flat. This task, which turns out to be technically
challenging, will be carried out in this paper.
  [RV] A. D. Rendall and J. J. L. Vel\'{a}zquez, A class of dust-like
self-similar solutions of the massless Einstein-Vlasov system. Annales Henri
Poincare 12, 919-964, (2011).


  In the traditional deep compression framework, iteratively performing network
pruning and quantization can reduce the model size and computation cost to meet
the deployment requirements. However, such a step-wise application of pruning
and quantization may lead to suboptimal solutions and unnecessary time
consumption. In this paper, we tackle this issue by integrating network pruning
and quantization as a unified joint compression problem and then use AutoML to
automatically solve it. We find the pruning process can be regarded as the
channel-wise quantization with 0 bit. Thus, the separate two-step pruning and
quantization can be simplified as the one-step quantization with mixed
precision. This unification not only simplifies the compression pipeline but
also avoids the compression divergence. To implement this idea, we propose the
automated model compression by jointly applied pruning and quantization (AJPQ).
AJPQ is designed with a hierarchical architecture: the layer controller
controls the layer sparsity, and the channel controller decides the bit-width
for each kernel. Following the same importance criterion, the layer controller
and the channel controller collaboratively decide the compression strategy.
With the help of reinforcement learning, our one-step compression is
automatically achieved. Compared with the state-of-the-art automated
compression methods, our method obtains a better accuracy while reducing the
storage considerably. For fixed precision quantization, AJPQ can reduce more
than five times model size and two times computation with a slight performance
increase for Skynet in remote sensing object detection. When mixed-precision is
allowed, AJPQ can reduce five times model size with only 1.06% top-5 accuracy
decline for MobileNet in the classification task.


  We present a detailed study of the adsorption of CO on Cu, Rh, and Pt (111)
surfaces in top and hollow sites. The study has been performed using the local
density approximation, the gradient corrected functional PBE, and the hybrid
Hartree-Fock density functionals PBE0 and HSE03 within the framework of
generalized Kohn-Sham density functional theory using a plane-wave basis set.
As expected, the LDA and GGA functionals show a tendency to favor the hollow
sites, at variance with experimental findings that give the top site as the
most stable adsorption site. The PBE0 and HSE03 functionals reduce this
tendency. In fact, they predict the correct adsorption site for Cu and Rh but
fail for Pt. But even in this case, the hybrid functional destabilizes the
hollow site by 50 meV compared to the PBE functional. The results of the total
energy calculations are presented along with an analysis of the projected
density of states.


  Box-constrained L1-minimization can perform remarkably better than classical
L1-minimization when correction box constraints are available. And also many
practical L1-minimization models indeed involve box constraints because they
take certain values from some interval. In this paper, we propose an efficient
iteration scheme, namely projected shrinkage (ProShrink) algorithm, to solve a
class of box-constrained L1-minimization problems. A key contribution in our
technique is that a complicated proximal point operator appeared in the
deduction can be equivalently simplified into a projected shrinkage operator.
Theoretically, we prove that ProShrink enjoys a convergence of both the primal
and dual point sequences. On the numerical level, we demonstrate the benefit of
adding box constraints via sparse recovery experiments.


  The PROMETHEUS Project is ongoing for the design and development of a 4-vane
radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) together with its H+ ion source, a low energy
beam transport (LEBT) line and diagnostics section. The main goal of the
project is to achieve the acceleration of the low energy ions up to 1.5 MeV by
an RFQ (352 MHz) shorter than 2 meter. A plasma ion source is being developed
to produce a 20 keV, 1 mA H+ beam. Simulation results for ion source,
transmission and beam dynamics are presented together with analytical studies
performed with newly developed RFQ design code DEMIRCI. Simulation results
shows that a beam transmission 99% could be achieved at 1.7 m downstream
reaching an energy of 1.5 MeV. As the first phase an Aluminum RFQ prototype,
the so-called cold model, will be built for low power RF characterization. In
this contribution the status of the project, design considerations, simulation
results, the various diagnostics techniques and RFQ manufacturing issues are
discussed.


  Origami is the archetype of a structural material with unusual mechanical
properties that arise almost exclusively from the geometry of its constituent
folds and forms the basis for mechanical metamaterials with an extreme
deformation response. Here we consider a simple periodically folded structure
Miura-ori, which is composed of identical unit cells of mountain and valley
folds with four-coordinated ridges, defined completely by 2 angles and 2
lengths. We use the geometrical properties of a Miura-ori plate to characterize
its elastic response to planar and non-planar piece- wise isometric
deformations and calculate the two-dimensional stretching and bending response
of a Miura-ori sheet, and show that the in-plane and out-of-plane Poisson's
ratios are equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign. Our geometric approach
also allows us to solve the inverse design problem of determining the geometric
parameters that achieve the optimal geometric and mechanical response of such
structures.


  Rational twisted power series over a (commutative) field are studied. We give
several characterizations of such series, which are similar to the classical
results concerning rational power series over a commutative field. In
particular, we prove a version of Kronecker's lemma for the rationality of
twisted power series.


  We investigate the minimum planet mass that produces observable signatures in
infrared scattered light and submm continuum images and demonstrate how these
images can be used to measure planet masses to within a factor of about two. To
this end we perform multi-fluid gas and dust simulations of discs containing
low mass planets, generating simulated observations at $1.65 \mu$m, $10 \mu$m
and $850 \mu$m. We show that the minimum planet mass that produces a detectable
signature is $\sim 15 M_\oplus$: this value is strongly dependent on disc
temperature and changes slightly with wavelength (favouring the submm). We also
confirm previous results that there is a minimum planet mass of $\sim 20
M_\oplus$ that produces a pressure maximum in the disc: only planets above this
threshold mass generate a dust trap that can eventually create a hole in the
submm dust. Below this mass, planets produce annular enhancements in dust
outward of the planet and a reduction in the vicinity of the planet. These
features are in steady state and can be understood in terms of variations in
the dust radial velocity, imposed by the perturbed gas pressure radial profile,
analogous to a traffic jam. We also show how planet masses can be derived from
structure in scattered light and sub-mm images. We emphasise that simulations
with dust need to be run over thousands of planetary orbits so as to allow the
gas profile to achieve a steady state and caution against the estimation of
planet masses using gas only simulations.


  We summarize recent results on an array of CP violation measurements
performed by the Belle experiment using the data collected near the Y(4S) and
Y(5S) resonances at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.


  Spectral anomaly for interacting Fermions is characterized by the spectral
function $A([k-k_F],\omega)$ satisfying the scaling relation $A(\Lambda^{y_1}
[k-k_F],\Lambda^{y_2}\omega)= \Lambda^{y_A}A([k-k_F],\omega)$, where $y_1$,
$y_2$, and $y_A$ are the exponents defining the universality class. For a Fermi
liquid $y_1=1$, $y_2=1$, $y_A=-1$; all other values of the exponents are termed
anomalous. In this paper, an example for which $y_1=1$, $y_2=1$, but
$y_A=\alpha-1$ is considered in detail. Attractive interaction added to such a
critical system leads to a novel superconducting state, which is explored and
its relevance to high temperature cuprate superconductors is discussed.


  Given a Hilbert modular form for a totally real field $F$, and a prime $p$
split completely in $F$, the $f$-eigenspace in $p$-adic de Rham cohomology of
the Hilbert modular variety has a family of partial filtrations and partial
Frobenius maps, indexed by the primes of $F$ above $p$. The general plectic
conjectures of Nekovar and Scholl suggest a "plectic comparison isomorphism"
comparing these structures to etale cohomology. We prove this conjecture in the
case $[F : \mathbf{Q}] = 2$ under some mild assumptions; and for general $F$ we
prove a weaker statement which is strong evidence for the conjecture, showing
that plectic Hodge filtration has a canonical splitting given by intersecting
with simultaneous eigenspaces for the partial Frobenii.
  (In memory of Jan Nekovar)


  Online reviews have become essential for users to make informed decisions in
everyday tasks ranging from planning summer vacations to purchasing groceries
and making financial investments. A key problem in using online reviews is the
overabundance of online that overwhelms the users. As a result, recommendation
systems for providing helpfulness of reviews are being developed. This paper
argues that cultural background is an important feature that impacts the nature
of a review written by the user, and must be considered as a feature in
assessing the helpfulness of online reviews. The paper provides an in-depth
study of differences in online reviews written by users from different cultural
backgrounds and how incorporating culture as a feature can lead to better
review helpfulness recommendations. In particular, we analyze online reviews
originating from two distinct cultural spheres, namely Arabic and Western
cultures, for two different products, hotels and books. Our analysis
demonstrates that the nature of reviews written by users differs based on their
cultural backgrounds and that this difference varies based on the specific
product being reviewed. Finally, we have developed six different review
helpfulness recommendation models that demonstrate that taking culture into
account leads to better recommendations.


  Artificial intelligence (AI), which enables machines to learn to perform a
task by training on diverse datasets, is one of the most revolutionary
developments in scientific history. Although AI and especially deep learning is
relatively new, it has already had transformative impact on medicine, biology,
transportation, entertainment, and beyond. As AI changes our daily lives at an
increasingly fast pace, we are challenged with preparing our society for an
AI-driven future. To this end, a critical step is to ensure an AI-ready
workforce through education. Advocates of beginning instruction of AI basics at
the K-12 level typically note benefits to the workforce, economy, and national
security. In this complementary perspective, we discuss why learning AI is
beneficial for motivating students and promoting creative thinking, and how to
develop a module-based approach that optimizes learning outcomes. We hope to
excite and engage more members of the education community to join the effort to
advance K-12 AI education in the USA and worldwide.


  Parameter dependent non-Hermitian quantum systems typically not only possess
eigenvalue degeneracies, but also degeneracies of the corresponding
eigenfunctions at exceptional points. While the effect of two coalescing
eigenfunctions on cyclic parameter variation is well investigated, little
attention has hitherto been paid to the effect of more than two coalescing
eigenfunctions. Here a characterisation of behaviours of symmetric Hamiltonians
with three coalescing eigenfunctions is presented, using perturbation theory
for non-Hermitian operators. Two main types of parameter perturbations need to
be distinguished, which lead to characteristic eigenvalue and eigenvector
patterns under cyclic variation. A physical system is introduced for which both
behaviours might be experimentally accessible.


  With the dramatic advances in deep learning technology, machine learning
research is focusing on improving the interpretability of model predictions as
well as prediction performance in both basic and applied research. While deep
learning models have much higher prediction performance than traditional
machine learning models, the specific prediction process is still difficult to
interpret and/or explain. This is known as the black-boxing of machine learning
models and is recognized as a particularly important problem in a wide range of
research fields, including manufacturing, commerce, robotics, and other
industries where the use of such technology has become commonplace, as well as
the medical field, where mistakes are not tolerated. This bulletin is based on
the summary of the author's dissertation. The research summarized in the
dissertation focuses on the attention mechanism, which has been the focus of
much attention in recent years, and discusses its potential for both basic
research in terms of improving prediction performance and interpretability, and
applied research in terms of evaluating it for real-world applications using
large data sets beyond the laboratory environment. The dissertation also
concludes with a summary of the implications of these findings for subsequent
research and future prospects in the field.


  Self-training (ST) is a simple yet effective semi-supervised learning method.
However, why and how ST improves generalization performance by using
potentially erroneous pseudo-labels is still not well understood. To deepen the
understanding of ST, we derive and analyze a sharp characterization of the
behavior of iterative ST when training a linear classifier by minimizing the
ridge-regularized convex loss on binary Gaussian mixtures, in the asymptotic
limit where input dimension and data size diverge proportionally. The results
show that ST improves generalization in different ways depending on the number
of iterations. When the number of iterations is small, ST improves
generalization performance by fitting the model to relatively reliable
pseudo-labels and updating the model parameters by a large amount at each
iteration. This suggests that ST works intuitively. On the other hand, with
many iterations, ST can gradually improve the direction of the classification
plane by updating the model parameters incrementally, using soft labels and
small regularization. It is argued that this is because the small update of ST
can extract information from the data in an almost noiseless way. However, in
the presence of label imbalance, the generalization performance of ST
underperforms supervised learning with true labels. To overcome this, two
heuristics are proposed to enable ST to achieve nearly compatible performance
with supervised learning even with significant label imbalance.


  This paper studies the concept of stable perturbation
$B\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$ for the core-EP inverse of a matrix
$A\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$ with index $k$. For a given stable perturbation
$B$ of $A$, explicit expressions of its core-EP inverse
$B^{\scriptsize\textcircled{\tiny $\dagger$}}$ and its projection at zero
$B^\pi$ are presented. Then, the perturbation bounds of $\parallel
B^{\scriptsize\textcircled{\tiny $\dagger$}}-A^{\scriptsize\textcircled{\tiny
$\dagger$}}\parallel/\parallel A^{\scriptsize\textcircled{\tiny
$\dagger$}}\parallel$ and $\parallel B^{\pi}-A^{\pi}\parallel$ are given
provided that $B$ is a stable perturbation of $A$. In addition, we investigate
the concept of acute perturbation of $A$. We give a perturbation analysis with
respect to core-EP inverses. We provide a condition under which the acute
perturbation coincides with the stable perturbation for core-EP inverses.


  Public figures receive a disproportionate amount of abuse on social media,
impacting their active participation in public life. Automated systems can
identify abuse at scale but labelling training data is expensive, complex and
potentially harmful. So, it is desirable that systems are efficient and
generalisable, handling both shared and specific aspects of online abuse. We
explore the dynamics of cross-group text classification in order to understand
how well classifiers trained on one domain or demographic can transfer to
others, with a view to building more generalisable abuse classifiers. We
fine-tune language models to classify tweets targeted at public figures across
DOmains (sport and politics) and DemOgraphics (women and men) using our novel
DODO dataset, containing 28,000 labelled entries, split equally across four
domain-demographic pairs. We find that (i) small amounts of diverse data are
hugely beneficial to generalisation and model adaptation; (ii) models transfer
more easily across demographics but models trained on cross-domain data are
more generalisable; (iii) some groups contribute more to generalisability than
others; and (iv) dataset similarity is a signal of transferability.


  Complex plasmas consist of microparticles embedded in a low-temperature
plasma containing ions, electrons and neutral particles. The microparticles
form a dynamical system that can be used to study a multitude of effects on the
level of the constituent particles. The microparticles are usually illuminated
with a sheet of laser light, and the scattered light can be observed with
digital cameras. Some complex plasma microgravity research facilities use two
cameras with an overlapping field of view.
  An overlapping field of view can be used to combine the resulting images into
one and trace the particles in the larger field of view. In previous work this
was discussed for the images recorded by the PK-4 Laboratory on board the
International Space Station. In that work the width of the laser sheet was,
however, not taken into account. In this paper, we will discuss how to improve
the transformation of the features into a joint coordinate system, and possibly
extract information on the 3D position of particles in the overlap region.


  We present a new adaptive parallel algorithm for the challenging problem of
multi-dimensional numerical integration on massively parallel architectures.
Adaptive algorithms have demonstrated the best performance, but efficient
many-core utilization is difficult to achieve because the adaptive work-load
can vary greatly across the integration space and is impossible to predict a
priori. Existing parallel algorithms utilize sequential computations on
independent processors, which results in bottlenecks due to the need for data
redistribution and processor synchronization. Our algorithm employs a
high-throughput approach in which all existing sub-regions are processed and
sub-divided in parallel. Repeated sub-region classification and filtering
improves upon a brute-force approach and allows the algorithm to make efficient
use of computation and memory resources. A CUDA implementation shows orders of
magnitude speedup over the fastest open-source CPU method and extends the
achievable accuracy for difficult integrands. Our algorithm typically
outperforms other existing deterministic parallel methods.


  This paper investigates the excitation of various natural modes in a
magnetized bi-ion or dusty plasma. The excitation is provided by parametrically
pumping the magnetic field. Here two ion-like species are allowed to be fully
mobile. This generalizes our previous work where the second heavy species was
taken to be stationary. Their collection of charge from the background neutral
plasma modifies the dispersion properties of the pump and excited waves. The
introduction of an extra mobile species adds extra modes to both these types of
waves. We firstly investigate the pump wave in detail, in the case where the
background magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of
the pump wave. Then we derive the dispersion equation relating the pump to the
excited wave for modes propagating parallel to the background magnetic field.
It is found that there are a total of twelve resonant interactions allowed,
whose various growth rates are calculated and discussed.


  Atomic Force Microscopy - Infrared (AFM-IR) has emerged as a useful technique
for measuring absorption spectra with spatial resolution better than the
optical diffraction limit. The technique relies on the movement of a probe for
atomic force microscopy for detecting the local expansion of a material caused
by the photothermal effect. While AFM-IR is seeing increased application to a
wider range of samples, reports have also appeared in the literature that are
inconsistent with an interpretation of the AFM-IR response simply in terms of
photothermal expansion. The present article addresses the issue by critically
evaluating existing experimental observations. It is concluded that observed
discrepancies arise from the contribution of non-photothermal effects to the
signal, which affect both intensity and spatial resolution of the measurement.


  We generalize the Hamilton-Jacobi formulation for higher order singular
systems and obtain the equations of motion as total differential equations. To
do this we first study the constraint structure present in such systems.


  We present an observation of the very late thermal pulse object V4334 Sgr
(Sakurai's Object) with the Infrared Spectrometer (IRS) on the Spitzer Space
Telescope. The emission from 5-38 microns is dominated by the still-cooling
dust shell. A number of features are seen in absorption against the dust shell,
which we attribute to HCN and polyyne molecules. We use these features to
determine the 12C/13C ratio for the absorbing gas to be ~ 3.2 (+3.2,-1.6}; this
implies that, despite the H-content of the molecules, the hydrocarbon-bearing
gas must have originated in material produced in the very late thermal pulse.
We see no evidence of emission lines, despite the recently-reported optical and
radio observations that suggest the effective temperature of the stellar
remnant is rising.


  We investigate the idea that the interaction of Dark Matter (DM) sub-halos
with the gaseous disk of galaxies can be the origin for the observed holes and
shells found in their neutral hydrogen (HI) distributions. We use high
resolution hydrodynamic simulations to show that pure DM sub-halos impacting a
galactic disk are not able to produce holes; on the contrary, they result in
high density regions in the disk. However, sub-halos containing a small amount
of gas (a few percent of the total DM mass of the sub-halo) are able to
displace the gas in the disk and form holes and shells. The size and lifetime
of these holes depend on the sub-halo gas mass, density and impact velocity. A
DM sub-halo of mass $10^8$ $M_{\odot}$ and a gas mass fraction of $\sim 3$%, is
able to create a kpc scale hole, with a lifetime similar to those observed in
nearby galaxies. We also register an increase in the star formation rate at the
rim of the hole, again in agreement with observations. Even though the
properties off these simulated structures resemble those found in observations
we find that the number of predicted holes (based on mass and orbital
distributions of DM halos derived from cosmological N-body simulations) falls
short compared to the observations. Only a handful of holes are produced per
Giga year. This leads us to conclude that DM halo impact is not the major
channel through which these holes are formed.


  We show the feasibility of a tomographic reconstruction of Schr\"{o}dinger
cat states generated according to the scheme proposed by S. Song, C.M. Caves
and B. Yurke [Phys. Rev. A 41, 5261 (1990)]. We present a technique that
tolerates realistic values for quantum efficiency at photodetectors. The
measurement can be achieved by a standard experimental setup.


  Clustering by projection has been proposed as a way to preserve network
structure in linear multi-agent systems. Here, we extend this approach to a
class of nonlinear network systems. Additionally, we generalize our clustering
method which restores the network structure in an arbitrary reduced-order model
obtained by projection. We demonstrate this method on a number of examples.


  In this paper we introduce a multistep generalization of the
guess-and-determine or hybrid strategy for solving a system of multivariate
polynomial equations over a finite field. In particular, we propose performing
the exhaustive evaluation of a subset of variables stepwise, that is, by
incrementing the size of such subset each time that an evaluation leads to a
polynomial system which is possibly unfeasible to solve. The decision about
which evaluation to extend is based on a preprocessing consisting in computing
an incomplete Grobner basis after the current evaluation, which possibly
generates linear polynomials that are used to eliminate further variables. If
the number of remaining variables in the system is deemed still too high, the
evaluation is extended and the preprocessing is iterated. Otherwise, we solve
the system by a complete Grobner basis computation.
  Having in mind cryptanalytic applications, we present an implementation of
this strategy in an algorithm called MultiSolve which is designed for
polynomial systems having at most one solution. We prove explicit formulas for
its complexity which are based on probability distributions that can be easily
estimated by performing the proposed preprocessing on a testset of evaluations
for different subsets of variables. We prove that an optimal complexity of
MultiSolve is achieved by using a full multistep strategy with a maximum number
of steps and in turn the standard guess-and-determine strategy, which
essentially is a strategy consisting of a single step, is the worst choice.
Finally, we extensively study the behaviour of MultiSolve when performing an
algebraic attack on the well-known stream cipher Trivium.


  The relatively unexplored fast radio transient parameter space is known to be
home to a variety of interesting sources, including pulsars, pulsar giant
pulses and non-thermal emission from planetary magnetospheres. In addition, a
variety of hypothesized but as-yet-unobserved phenomena, such as primordial
black hole evaporation and prompt emission associated with coalescing massive
objects have been suggested. The 2007 announcement by Lorimer et al. of the
detection of a bright (30 Jy) radio pulse that was inferred to be of
extragalactic origin and the subsequent consternation have demonstrated both
the potential utility of bright radio pulses as probes of the interstellar
medium and intergalactic medium, as well as the need for wide-field surveys
characterizing the fast-transient parameter space. Here we present results from
the 450 hour, 150 deg^2 Fly's Eye survey for bright dispersed radio pulses at
the Allen Telescope Array (ATA). The Fly's Eye spectrometer produces 128
channel power spectra over a 209 MHz bandwidth, centered at 1430 MHz, on 44
independent signals paths originating with 30 independent ATA antennas. Data
were dedispersed between 0 and 2000 pc cm^-3 and searched for pulses with
dispersion measures greater than 50 pc cm^-3 between 625 us and 5 s in
duration. No pulses were detected in the survey, implying a limiting rate of
less than 2 sky^-1 hour^-1 for 10 millisecond duration pulses having apparent
energy densities greater than 440 kJy us, or mean flux densities greater than
44 Jy. Here we present details of the instrument, experiment and observations,
including a discussion of our results in light of other single pulse searches.


  In this paper, we study the parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system with
singular sensitivity and logistic-type source: $ u_t=\Delta
u-\chi\nabla\cdot(\frac{u}{v}\nabla v)+ru-\mu u^k$, $0=\Delta v-v+u$ under the
non-flux boundary conditions in a smooth bounded convex domain
$\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, $\chi,r,\mu>0$, $k>1$ and $n\ge 2$. It is shown
that the system possesses a globally bounded classical solution if
$k>\frac{3n-2}{n}$, and $r>\frac{\chi^2}{4}$ for $0<\chi\le 2$, or $r> \chi-1$
for $\chi>2$. In addition, under the same condition for $r,\chi$, the system
admits a global generalized solution when $k\in(2-\frac{1}{n},\frac{3n-2}{n}]$,
moreover this global generalized solution should be globally bounded provided
$\frac{r}{\mu}$ and the initial data $u_0$ suitably small.


  As radiation detector arrays in nuclear physics applications become larger
and physically more separated, the time synchronization and trigger
distribution between many channels of detector readout electronics become more
challenging. Clocks and triggers are traditionally distributed through
dedicated cabling, but newer methods such as the IEEE 1588 Precision Time
Protocol and White Rabbit allow clock synchronization through the exchange of
timing messages over Ethernet. Consequently, we report here the use of White
Rabbit in a new detector readout module, the Pixie-Net XL. The White Rabbit
core, data capture from multiple digitizing channels, and subsequent pulse
processing for pulse height and constant fraction timing are implemented in a
Kintex 7 FPGA. The detector data records include White Rabbit time stamps and
are transmitted to storage through the White Rabbit core's gigabit Ethernet
data path or a slower diagnostic/control link using an embedded Zynq processor.
The performance is characterized by time-of-flight style measurements and by
time correlation of high energy background events from cosmic showers in
detectors separated by longer distances. Software for the Zynq processor can
implement "software triggering", for example to limit recording of data to
events where a minimum number of channels from multiple modules detect
radiation at the same time.


  We study the axial U(1)A symmetry of Nf = 2 QCD at finite temperature using
the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum. The gauge configurations are generated employing
the Mobius domain-wall fermion action on 16^3x8 and 32^3x8 lattices. The
physical spatial size of these lattices is around 2 fm and 4 fm, respectively,
and the simulated temperature is around 200 MeV, which is slightly above the
critical temperature of the chiral phase transition. Although the Mobius
domain-wall Dirac operator is expected to have a good chiral symmetry and our
data actually show small values of the residual mass, we observe significant
violation of the Ginsparg-Wilson relation for the low- lying eigenmodes of the
Mobius domain-wall Dirac operator. Using the reweighting technique, we compute
the overlap-Dirac operator spectrum on the same set of configurations and find
a significant difference of the spectrum between the two Dirac operators for
the low-lying eigenvalues. The overlap-Dirac spectrum shows a gap from zero,
which is insensitive to the spacial volume.


  The black hole model with a self-gravitating charged spherical symmetric dust
thin shell as a source is considered. The Schroedinger-type equation for such a
model is derived. This equation appeared to be a finite differences equation. A
theory of such an equation is developed and general solution is found and
investigated in details. The discrete spectrum of the bound state energy levels
is obtained. All the eigenvalues appeared to be infinitely degenerate. The
ground state wave functions are evaluated explicitly. The quantum black hole
states are selected and investigated. It is shown that the obtained black hole
mass spectrum is compatible with the existence of Hawking's radiation in the
limit of low temperatures both for large and nearly extreme Reissner-Nordstrom
black holes. The above mentioned infinite degeneracy of the mass (energy)
eigenvalues may appeared helpful in resolving the well known information
paradox in the black hole physics.


  The spin-resolved electronic energy band spectra, as well as partial and
total density of electronic states of the crystal AlN, doped with Cr, Mn and
Fe, have been evaluated within the projector augmented waves (PAW) approach by
means of the ABINIT code. The Hartree-Fock exchange for correlated electrons is
used to describe the correlated orbitals in the PAW framework. The calculated
one-electron energies for electrons of spin up and down are very different. We
have found that all the considered crystals are ferromagnetic.


  The classical double copy relating exact solutions of biadjoint scalar, gauge
and gravity theories continues to receive widespread attention. Recently, a
derivation of the exact classical double copy was presented, using ideas from
twistor theory, in which spacetime fields are mapped to Cech cohomology classes
in twistor space. A puzzle remains, however, in how to interpret the twistor
double copy, in that it relies on somehow picking special representatives of
each cohomology class. In this paper, we provide two alternative formulations
of the twistor double copy using the more widely-used language of Dolbeault
cohomology. The first amounts to a rewriting of the Cech approach, whereas the
second uses known techniques for discussing spacetime fields in Euclidean
signature. The latter approach indeed allows us to identify special cohomology
representatives, suggesting that further application of twistor methods in
exploring the remit of the double copy may be fruitful.


  The backbone of the large-scale structure of the Universe is determined by
processes on a cosmological scale and by the gravitational interaction of the
dominant dark matter. However, the mobile baryon population shapes the
appearance of these structures. Theory predicts that most of the baryons reside
in vast unvirialized filamentary structures that connect galaxy groups and
clusters, but the observational evidence is currently lacking. Because the
majority of the baryons are supposed to exist in a large-scale, hot and dilute
gaseous phase, X-rays provide the ideal tool to progress our understanding.
Observations with the Athena+ X-ray Integral Field Unit will reveal the
location, chemical composition, physical state and dynamics of the active
population of baryons.


  In the framework of the Parameterized Post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism, we
calculate the long-term Preferred Location (PL) effects, proportional to the
Whitehead parameter $\xi$, affecting all the Keplerian orbital elements of a
localized two-body system, apart from the semimajor axis $a$. They violate the
gravitational Local Position Invariance (LPI), fulfilled by General Relativity
(GR). We obtain preliminary bounds on $\xi$ by using the latest results in the
field of the Solar System planetary ephemerides. The non-detection of any
anomalous perihelion precession for Mars allows us to indirectly infer
$|\xi|\leq 5.8\times 10^{-6}$. \textcolor{black}{Such a bound is close to the
constraint, of the order of $10^{-6}$, expected from the future BepiColombo
mission to Mercury. As a complementary approach, the PL effects should be
explicitly included in the dynamical models fitted to planetary data sets to
estimate $\xi$ in a least-square fashion in a dedicated ephemerides orbit
solution.} The ratio of the anomalous perihelion precessions for Venus and
Jupiter, determined with the EPM2011 ephemerides at the $<3\sigma$ level, if
confirmed as genuine physical effects needing explanation by future studies,
rules out the hypothesis $\xi \neq 0$. A critical discussion of the $|\xi|
\lesssim 10^{-6}-10^{-7}$ upper bounds obtained in the literature from the
close alignment of the Sun's spin axis and the total angular momentum of the
Solar System is presented.


  In this paper we prove the existence and regularity of solutions to the first
boundary value problem for Abreu's equation, which is a fourth order nonlinear
partial differential equation closely related to the Monge-Ampere equation. The
first boundary value problem can be formulated as a variational problem for the
energy functional. The existence and uniqueness of maximizers can be obtained
by the concavity of the functional. The main ingredients of the paper are the a
priori estimates and an approximation result, which enable us to prove that the
maximizer is smooth in dimension 2.


  Using the lattice simulations in the Asqtad-improved staggered fermion
formulation we compute the point-to-point $\kappa$ correlators, which are
analyzed by the rooted staggered chiral perturbation theory (rS$\chi$PT). After
chiral extrapolation, we secure the physical $\kappa$ mass with $835\pm93$ MeV,
which is in agreement with the BES experimental results. The computations are
performed using a MILC 2+1 flavor fine gauge configuration at a lattice spacing
of $a \approx 0.09$ fm.


  In a connected transportation system, adaptive traffic signal controllers
(ATSC) utilize real-time vehicle trajectory data received from vehicles through
wireless connectivity (i.e., connected vehicles) to regulate green time.
However, this wirelessly connected ATSC increases cyber-attack surfaces and
increases their vulnerability to various cyber-attack modes, which can be
leveraged to induce significant congestion in a roadway network. An attacker
may receive financial benefits to create such a congestion for a specific
roadway. One such mode is a 'sybil' attack in which an attacker creates fake
vehicles in the network by generating fake Basic Safety Messages (BSMs)
imitating actual connected vehicles following roadway traffic rules. The
ultimate goal of an attacker will be to block a route(s) by generating fake or
'sybil' vehicles at a rate such that the signal timing and phasing changes
occur without flagging any abrupt change in number of vehicles. Because of the
highly non-linear and unpredictable nature of vehicle arrival rates and the
ATSC algorithm, it is difficult to find an optimal rate of sybil vehicles,
which will be injected from different approaches of an intersection. Thus, it
is necessary to develop an intelligent cyber-attack model to prove the
existence of such attacks. In this study, a reinforcement learning based
cyber-attack model is developed for a waiting time-based ATSC. Specifically, an
RL agent is trained to learn an optimal rate of sybil vehicle injection to
create congestion for an approach(s). Our analyses revealed that the RL agent
can learn an optimal policy for creating an intelligent attack.


  We explicitly compute the effective resistances between any two vertices of a
prism graph by using circuit reductions and our earlier findings on a ladder
graph. As an application, we derived a closed form formula for the Kirchhoff
index of a prism graph. We show as a byproduct that an explicit sum formula
involving trigonometric functions hold by comparing our formula for the
Kirchhoff index and previously known results in the literature. We also
expressed our formulas in terms of certain generalized Fibonacci numbers.


  The Josephson current through a long s-wave superconductor/weak
ferromagnet/s-wave superconductor weak link is studied theoretically in the
regime of nonequilibrium spin-dependent occupation of electron states in the
ferromagnetic intelayer. While under the considered nonequilibrium condition
the standard supercurrent, carried by the singlet part of current-carrying
density of states, is not modified, the additional supercurrent flowing via the
triplet part of the current-carrying density of states appears. Depending on
voltage, controlling the particular form of spin-dependent nonequilibrium in
the interlayer, this additional current can enhance or reduce the usual current
of the singlet component and also switch the junction between 0- and
$\pi$-states.


  The paper aims to do a survey along with a comparative analysis of the
various cryptography libraries that are applicable in the field of Internet of
Things (IoT). The first half of the paper briefly introduces the various
cryptography libraries available in the field of cryptography along with a list
of all the algorithms contained within the libraries. The second half of the
paper deals with cryptography libraries specifically aimed for application in
the field of Internet of Things. The various libraries and their performance
analysis listed down in this paper are consolidated from various sources with
the aim of providing a single comprehensive repository for reference to the
various cryptography libraries and the comparative analysis of their features
in IoT.


  [Abridged] We detect three (plus one less certain) z-dropout sources in two
separate fields of our UDF05 HST NICMOS images. These z~7 Lyman-Break Galaxy
(LBG) candidates allow us to constrain the Luminosity Function (LF) of the star
forming galaxy population at those epochs. By assuming a change in only M* and
adopting a linear evolution in redshift, anchored to the measured values at
z~6, the best fit evolution coefficient is found to be 0.43+-0.19 mag per unit
redshift (0.36+-0.18, if including all four candidates), which provides a value
of M*(z=7.2)=-19.7+-0.3. This implies a steady evolution for the LBG LF out to
z~7, at the same rate that is observed throughout the z~3 to 6 period. This
puts a strong constraint on the star-formation histories of z~6 galaxies, whose
ensemble star-formation rate density must be lower by a factor 2 at ~170 Myr
before the epoch at which they are observed. In particular, a large fraction of
stars in the z~6 LBG population must form at redshifts well above z~7.
Extrapolating this steady evolution of the LF out to higher redshifts, we
estimate that galaxies would be able to reionize the universe by z~6, provided
that the faint-end slope of the z>7 LF steepens to alpha~-1.9, and that faint
galaxies, with luminosities below the current detection limits, contribute a
substantial fraction of the required ionizing photons. This scenario gives
however an integrated optical depth to electron scattering that is ~2sigma
below the WMAP-5 measurement. Therefore, altogether, our results indicate that,
should galaxies be the primary contributors to reionization, either the
currently detected evolution of the galaxy population slows down at z>7, or the
LF evolution must be compensated by a decrease in metallicity and a
corresponding increase in ionization efficiency at these early epochs.


  Given a local gapped Hamiltonian with a global symmetry on a one dimensional
lattice we describe a method to identify if the Hamiltonian belongs to a
quantum phase in which the symmetry is spontaneously broken in the ground
states or to a specific symmetry protected phase, without using local or string
order parameters. We obtain different matrix product state (MPS) descriptions
of the symmetric ground state(s) of the Hamiltonian by restricting the MPS
matrices to transform under different projective representations of the
symmetry. The phase of the Hamiltonian is identified by examining which MPS
descriptions, if any, are injective, namely, whether the largest eigenvalue of
the "transfer matrix" obtained from the MPS is unique. We demonstrate the
method for translation invariant Hamiltonians with a global SO(3), Z_2 and Z_2
x Z_2 symmetry on an infinite chain.


  An analysis of a fractional cubic differential equation is presented, which
is a generalization of different versions of fractional logistic equations, in
order to obtain simpler numerical methods that globalize and extend the results
already obtained, and allow the comparison between several methods. The
existence and uniqueness of the solution of the fractional cubic problem
subject to an initial value are demonstrated, a stability analysis is performed
and, based on the implementation of numerical methods, a comparison is made
between the different logistic models.


  We present a mathematical model for solvated crystallization of alpha
-lactose monohydrate in semi-batch mode. The process dynamics are governed by
conservation laws including population, molar and energy balance equations. We
present and discuss the model and then control the process with the goal to
privilege the production of small particles in specific the range. We compare
several specific and unspecific cost functions leading to optimal strategies
with significantly different effects on product quality. Control inputs are
temperature, feed rate, and the choice of an appropriate crystal seed.


  We discuss the semi-classical gravitational wave corrections to Gauss's law,
and obtain an explicit solution for the electromagnetic potential. The
Gravitational Wave perturbs the Coulomb potential with a function which
propagates to the asymptotics.


  An overview is given of recent developments in the field of Dirac equations
generalized to curved space-times. An illustrative discussion is provided. We
conclude with a variation of Dirac's large-number hypothesis which relates a
number of physical quantities on cosmological scales.


  From the inversion of a time series of high resolution slit spectrograms
obtained from the quiet sun, the spatial and temporal distribution of the
thermodynamical quantities and the vertical flow velocity is derived as a
function of logarithmic optical depth and geometrical height. Spatial coherence
and phase shift analyzes between temperature and vertical velocity depict the
height variation of these physical quantities for structures of different size.
An average granular cell model is presented, showing the granule-intergranular
lane stratification of temperature, vertical velocity, gas pressure and density
as a function of logarithmic optical depth and geometrical height. Studies of a
specific small and a specific large granular cell complement these results. A
strong decay of the temperature fluctuations with increasing height together
with a less efficient penetration of smaller cells is revealed. The T -T
coherence at all granular scales is broken already at log tau =-1 or z~170 km.
At the layers beyond, an inversion of the temperature contrast is revealed.
Vertical velocities are in phase throughout the photosphere and penetrate into
the highest layers under study.


  An interacting particle system made of diffusion processes with local
interaction is considered and the macroscopic limit to a nonlinear PDE is
investigated. Few rigorous results exists on this problem and in particular the
explicit form of the nonlinearity is not known. The paper reviews this subject,
some of the main ideas to get the limit nonlinear PDE and provides both
heuristic and numerical informations on the precise form of the nonlinearity
which are new with respect to the literature and coherent with the few known
informations.


  The goal of temporal relation extraction is to infer the temporal relation
between two events in the document. Supervised models are dominant in this
task. In this work, we investigate ChatGPT's ability on zero-shot temporal
relation extraction. We designed three different prompt techniques to break
down the task and evaluate ChatGPT. Our experiments show that ChatGPT's
performance has a large gap with that of supervised methods and can heavily
rely on the design of prompts. We further demonstrate that ChatGPT can infer
more small relation classes correctly than supervised methods. The current
shortcomings of ChatGPT on temporal relation extraction are also discussed in
this paper. We found that ChatGPT cannot keep consistency during temporal
inference and it fails in actively long-dependency temporal inference.


  Beam emission spectroscopy (BES) is a powerful plasma diagnostic method
especially suited for the measurement of plasma density and its fluctuations.
As such, synthetic BES codes are regularly used to aid the design or
utilization of these diagnostic systems. However, synthetic diagnostics can
also be used to study the method in previously not yet explored operational
conditions. This paper presents such an analysis utilizing the RENATE-OD
synthetic diagnostic code for a hypothetical alkali BES system on the HSX
stellarator. HSX is a device featuring an unusual operating regime in the world
of fusion devices due to the low ion temperature and low plasma density. It was
found that BES shows unusual tendencies in these conditions. The relation
between beam energy and plasma penetration in low-ion-temperature plasma,
together with unique emission features facilitated by low-density plasma, and
the underlying reasons behind these features are explored in this paper.


  The isospin asymmetries of $B \to K\mu^+\mu^-$ and $B \to K^{*}\mu^+\mu^-$
decays and the partial branching fractions of the $B^0 \to K^0\mu^+\mu^-$, $B^+
\to K^+\mu^+\mu^-$ and $B^+ \to K^{*+}\mu^+\mu^-$ decays are measured as
functions of the dimuon mass squared, $q^2$. The data used correspond to an
integrated luminosity of 3$~$fb$^{-1}$ from proton-proton collisions collected
with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7$\,$TeV and 8$\,$TeV in
2011 and 2012, respectively. The isospin asymmetries are both consistent with
the Standard Model expectations. The three measured branching fractions, while
individually consistent, all favour lower values than their respective Standard
Model predictions.


  In this paper we introduce a notion of integrability in the non autonomous
sense. For the cases of 1 + 1/2 degrees of freedom and quadratic homogeneous
Hamiltonians of 2 + 1/2 degrees of freedom we prove that this notion is
equivalent to the classical complete integrability of the system in the
extended phase space. For the case of quadratic homogeneous Hamiltonians of 2 +
1/2 degrees of freedom we also give a reciprocal of the Morales-Ramis result.
We classify those systems by terms of symplectic change of frames involving
algebraic functions of time, and give their canonical forms.


  We calculate the nucleon electric dipole moment (EDM) from the $\theta$ term
with overlap fermions on three domain wall lattices with different sea pion
masses at lattice spacing 0.11 fm. Due to the chiral symmetry conserved by the
overlap fermions, we have well defined topological charge and chiral limit for
the EDM. Thus, the chiral extrapolation can be carried out reliably at nonzero
lattice spacings. We use three to four different partially quenched valence
pion masses for each sea pion mass and find that the EDM dependence on the
valence and sea pion masses behaves oppositely, which can be described by
partially quenched chiral perturbation theory. With the help of the cluster
decomposition error reduction (CDER) technique, we determine the neutron and
proton EDM at the physical pion mass to be
$d_{n}=-0.00148\left(14\right)\left(31\right)\bar\theta$ e$\cdot$fm and
$d_{p}=0.0038\left(11\right)\left(8\right)\bar\theta$ e$\cdot$fm. This work is
a clear demonstration of the advantages of using chiral fermions in the nucleon
EDM calculation and paves the road to future precise studies of the strong $CP$
violation effects.


  We consider conformal field theories with slightly broken higher spin
symmetry in arbitrary spacetime dimensions. We analyze the crossing equation in
the double light-cone limit and solve for the anomalous dimensions of higher
spin currents $\gamma_s$ with large spin $s$. The result depends on the
symmetries and the spectrum of the unperturbed conformal field theory. We
reproduce all known results and make further predictions. In particular we make
a prediction for the anomalous dimensions of higher spin currents in the 3d
Ising model.


  The impact of the QCD critical point on the propagation of nonlinear waves
has been studied. The effects have been investigated within the scope of
second-order causal dissipative hydrodynamics by incorporating the critical
point into the equation of state, and the scaling behaviour of transport
coefficients and of thermodynamic response functions. Near the critical point,
the nonlinear waves are found to be significantly damped which may result in
the disappearance of the Mach cone effects of the away side jet. Such damping
may lead to enhancement in the fluctuations of elliptic and higher flow
coefficients. Therefore, the disappearance of Mach cone effects and the
enhancement of fluctuations in flow harmonics in the event-by-event analysis
may be considered as signals of the critical endpoint.


  This paper investigates performance of a relay assisted hybrid Free Space
Optical / Radio Frequency (FSO/RF) communication system. The proposed structure
is particularly recommended anywhere that direct RF communication between
mobile users and base station is not possible due to atmospheric conditions. In
this system, a multiuser RF link connects mobile users to relay and a FSO link
connects relay to the base station. It is the first time that effect of number
of users within the cell, on the performance of such structure, is
investigated. Also it is the first time that performance of a dual hop hybrid
FSO / RF system is investigated in Negative Exponential atmospheric turbulence.
Considering wide range of atmospheric turbulence regimes, from moderate to
saturated, for the first time, closed-form expressions are derived for Bit
Error Rate (BER) and outage probability (P_out) of the proposed structure.
MATLAB simulations verified accuracy of the derived expressions. Considering
fixed and adaptive gain amplify and forward protocols at relay, it is shown
that adaptive gain relay is less sensitive to the number of users within the
cell. It is also shown that fixed gain relay, despite its low complexity, has
better performance; because its gain is adjusted such that the performance be
favorable even at the worst case scenario.


  Molecular motors are known to have the high efficiency of energy
transformation in the presence of thermal fluctuation.
  Motivated by the surprising fact, recent studies of thermal ratchet models
are showing how and when work should be extracted from non-equilibrium
fluctuations.
  One of the important finding was brought by Magnasco where he studied the
temperature dependence on the fluctuation-induced current in a ratchet
(multistable) system and showed that the current can generically be maximized
in a finite temperature.
  The interesting finding has been interpreted that thermal fluctuation is not
harmful for the fluctuation-induced work and even facilitates its efficiency.
We show, however, this interpretation turns out to be incorrect as soon as we
go into the realm of the energetics
[Sekimoto,J.Phys.Soc.Jpn.66,1234-1237(1997)]: the efficiency of energy
transformation is not maximized at finite temperature, even in the same system
that Magnasco considered. The maximum efficiency is realized in the absence of
thermal fluctuation. The result presents an open problem whether thermal
fluctuation could facilitate the efficiency of energetic transformation from
force-fluctuation into work.


  We surveyed 169 undergraduate students who are enrolled in various courses.
They were members of software engineering groups formed to solve various
real-world computational problems by implementing software projects as part of
the requirements of the course. This time, our analysis show that task
visibility is negatively associated with social loafing while contributions,
dominance, aggression and sucker effect are positively correlated.
  We further found out that perception of social loafing exists and still
persists among members of computer programming groups. Compared to our 2008
analysis, we provide in this paper detailed analysis based on demographic
parameters such as gender, course taken, age group, type of residence (urban or
rural), and region of residence. The implication of this result is that aside
from the usual problems that an instructor faces in teaching software
engineering-related courses, the presence of social loafing also adds to the
impediment of teaching effectiveness. Thus, it is imperative that instructors
and course designers consider the implications associated with social loafing
when designing group projects.


  The production cross section for a W boson and two b jets is measured using
proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in a data sample collected with the
CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0
inverse femtobarns. The W + b b-bar events are selected in the W to mu nu decay
mode by requiring a muon with transverse momentum pt > 25 GeV and
pseudorapidity abs(eta) < 2.1, and exactly two b-tagged jets with pt > 25 GeV
and abs(eta) < 2.4. The measured W + b b-bar production cross section in the
fiducial region, calculated at the level of final-state particles, is sigma(pp
to W + b b-bar) x B(W to mu nu) = 0.53 +/- 0.05 (stat.) +/- 0.09 (syst.) +/-
0.06 (theo.) +/- 0.01 (lum.) pb, in agreement with the standard model
prediction. In addition, kinematic distributions of the W + b b-bar system are
in agreement with the predictions of a simulation using MADGRAPH and PYTHIA.


  Small animal Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is dedicated to small animal
imaging, which requires high position and energy precision, as well as good
flexibility and efficiency of the electronics. This paper presents the design
of a digital signal processing logic for a marmoset brain PET system based on
LYSO crystal arrays, SiPMs, and the resistive network readout method. We
implement 32-channel signal processing in a single Xilinx Artix-7
Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The logic is designed to support four
online modes which are regular data processing mode, flood map construction
mode, energy spectrum construction mode, and raw data mode. Several functions
are integrated, including two-dimensional (2D) raw position calculation,
crystal locating, events filtering, and synchronization detection. Furthermore,
a series of online corrections is also integrated, such as photon peak
correction to 511 keV and time measurement result correction with crystal
granularity. A Gigabit Ethernet interface is utilized for data transfer,
Look-Up Tables (LUTs) configuration, and command issuing. The pipeline logic
works at 125 MHz with a signal processing capability beyond the required data
rate of 1,000,000 events/s/channel. A series of initial tests are conducted.
The results indicate that the logic design meets the application requirement.


  The switching polarization of a ferroelectric is a characterization of the
current that flows due to changes in polarization when the system is switched
between two states. Computation of this change in polarization in crystal
systems has been enabled by the modern theory of polarization, where it is
expressed in terms of a change in Berry phase as the material switches. It is
straightforward to compute this change of phase, but only modulo $2\pi$,
requiring a branch choice from among a lattice of values separated by $2\pi$.
The measured switching polarization depends on the actual path along which the
material switches, which in general involves nucleation and growth of domains
and is therefore quite complex. In this work, we present a physically motivated
approach for predicting the experimentally measured switching polarization that
involves separating the change in phase between two states into as many
gauge-invariant smaller phase changes as possible. As long as the magnitudes of
these smaller phase changes remain smaller than $\pi$, their sum forms a phase
change which corresponds to the change one would find along any path involving
minimal evolution of the atomic and electronic structure. We show that for
typical ferroelectrics, including those that would have otherwise required a
densely sampled path, this technique allows the switching polarization to be
computed without any need for intermediate sampling between oppositely
polarized states.


  We report on a method, PUSH, for triggering core-collapse supernova (CCSN)
explosions of massive stars in spherical symmetry. This method provides a
framework to study many important aspects of core collapse supernovae: the
effects of the shock passage through the star, explosive supernova
nucleosynthesis and the progenitor-remnant connection. Here we give an overview
of the method, compare the results to multi-dimensional simulations and
investigate the effects of the progenitor and the equation of state on black
hole formation.


  There exist several methods for computing exact solutions of algebraic
differential equations. Most of the methods, however, do not ensure existence
and uniqueness of the solutions and might fail after several steps, or are
restricted to linear equations. The authors have presented in previous works a
method to overcome this problem for autonomous first order algebraic ordinary
differential equations and formal Puiseux series solutions and algebraic
solutions. In the first case, all solutions can uniquely be represented by a
sufficiently large truncation and in the latter case by its minimal polynomial.
The main contribution of this paper is the implementation, in a MAPLE-package
named FirstOrderSolve, of the algorithmic ideas presented therein. More
precisely, all formal Puiseux series and algebraic solutions, including the
generic and singular solutions, are computed and described uniquely. The
computation strategy is to reduce the given differential equation to a simpler
one by using local parametrizations and the already known degree bounds.


  In a 2021 paper, Vladimir Tkachuk asked whether there is a non-separable LOTS
$X$ such that $X^2\setminus\{\langle x,x\rangle\colon x\in X\}$ is functionally
countable. In this paper we prove that such a space, if it exists, must be an
Aronszajn line and admits a $\leq 2$-to-$1$ retraction to a subspace that is a
Suslin line. After this, assuming the existence of a Suslin line, we prove that
there is Suslin line that is functionally countable. Finally, we present an
example of a functionally countable Suslin line $L$ such that
$L^2\setminus\{\langle x,x\rangle\colon x\in L\}$ is not functionally
countable.


  We estimate from below the number of lines meeting each of given 4 disjoint
smooth closed curves in a given cyclic order in the real projective 3-space and
in a given linear order in the Euclidean 3-space. Similarly, we estimate the
number of circles meeting in a given cyclic order given 6 disjoint smooth
closed curves in Euclidean 3-space. The estimations are formulated in terms of
linking numbers of the curves and obtained by orienting of the corresponding
configuration spaces and evaluating of their signatures. This involves a study
of a surface swept by lines meeting 3 given disjoint smooth closed curves and a
surface swept in the 3-space by circles meeting 5 given disjoint smooth closed
curves. Higher dimensional generalizations of these results are outlined.


  We apply the scattering approach to the Casimir interaction between two
dielectric half-spaces separated by an electrolyte solution. We take the
nonlocal electromagnetic response of the intervening medium into account, which
results from the presence of movable ions in solution. In addition to the usual
transverse modes, we consider longitudinal channels and their coupling by
reflection at the surface of the local dielectric. The Casimir interaction
energy is calculated from the matrix describing a round-trip of coupled
transverse and longitudinal waves between the interacting surfaces. The
nonzero-frequency contributions are approximately unaffected by the presence of
ions. We find, at zero frequency, a contribution from longitudinal channels,
which is screened over a distance of the order of the Debye length, alongside
an unscreened term arising from transverse-magnetic modes. The latter defines
the long-distance asymptotic limit for the interaction.


  Video captioning aims to automatically generate natural language descriptions
of video content, which has drawn a lot of attention recent years. Generating
accurate and fine-grained captions needs to not only understand the global
content of video, but also capture the detailed object information. Meanwhile,
video representations have great impact on the quality of generated captions.
Thus, it is important for video captioning to capture salient objects with
their detailed temporal dynamics, and represent them using discriminative
spatio-temporal representations. In this paper, we propose a new video
captioning approach based on object-aware aggregation with bidirectional
temporal graph (OA-BTG), which captures detailed temporal dynamics for salient
objects in video, and learns discriminative spatio-temporal representations by
performing object-aware local feature aggregation on detected object regions.
The main novelties and advantages are: (1) Bidirectional temporal graph: A
bidirectional temporal graph is constructed along and reversely along the
temporal order, which provides complementary ways to capture the temporal
trajectories for each salient object. (2) Object-aware aggregation: Learnable
VLAD (Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors) models are constructed on
object temporal trajectories and global frame sequence, which performs
object-aware aggregation to learn discriminative representations. A
hierarchical attention mechanism is also developed to distinguish different
contributions of multiple objects. Experiments on two widely-used datasets
demonstrate our OA-BTG achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of
BLEU@4, METEOR and CIDEr metrics.


  A generic class of scalar active matter, characterized at the mean field
level by the diffusivity vanishing above some threshold density, was recently
introduced [Golestanian R 2019 Phys. Rev. E 100 010601(R)]. In the presence of
harmonic confinement, such 'diffusivity edge' was shown to lead to condensation
in the ground state, with the associated transition exhibiting formal
similarities with Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). In this work, the effect of
a diffusivity edge is addressed in a periodic potential in arbitrary
dimensions, where the system exhibits coexistence between many condensates.
Using a generalized thermodynamic description of the system, it is found that
the overall phenomenology of BEC holds even for finite energy barriers
separating each neighbouring pair of condensates. Shallow potentials are shown
to quantitatively affect the transition, and introduce non-universality in the
values of the scaling exponents.


  The PHENIX MPC-EX detector is a Si-W preshower extension to the existing Muon
Piston Calorimeters (MPC). Covering the pseudorapidity range 3.1 <eta < 3.8,
the MPC-EX and MPC access high-x partons in the projectile nucleon The combined
detectors will make possible a measurement of the prompt photon single spin
asymmetry A_N in 200GeV transversely polarized p+p collisions, which will help
elucidate the correlation of the transverse motion of valence partons in the
proton with the proton spin.


  Using the Horizon-AGN hydrodynamical simulation and self-organising maps
(SOMs), we show how to compress the complex data structure of a cosmological
simulation into a 2-d grid which is much easier to analyse. We first verify the
tight correlation between the observed 0.3$\!-\!5\mu$m broad-band colours of
Horizon-AGN galaxies and their high-resolution spectra. The correlation is
found to extend to physical properties such as redshift, stellar mass, and star
formation rate (SFR). This direct mapping from colour to physical parameter
space is shown to work also after including photometric uncertainties that
mimic the COSMOS survey. We then label the SOM grid with a simulated
calibration sample and estimate redshift and SFR for COSMOS-like galaxies up to
$z\sim3$. In comparison to state-of-the-art techniques based on synthetic
templates, our method is comparable in performance but less biased at
estimating redshifts, and significantly better at predicting SFRs. In
particular our "data-driven" approach, in contrast to model libraries,
intrinsically allows for the complexity of galaxy formation and can handle
sample biases. We advocate that obtaining the calibration for this method
should be one of the goals of next-generation galaxy surveys.


  We consider topological Markov chains (also called Markov shifts) on
countable graphs. We show that a transient graph can be extended to a recurrent
graph of equal entropy which is either positive recurrent of null recurrent,
and we give an example of each type. We extend the notion of local entropy to
topological Markov chains and prove that a transitive Markov chain admits a
measure of maximal entropy (or maximal measure) whenever its local entropy is
less than its (global) entropy.


  Let $M(d,\chi)$ be the moduli space of semistable sheaves of rank 0, Euler
characteristic $\chi$ and first Chern class $dH (d>0)$, with $H$ the hyperplane
class in $\mathbb{P}^2$. We give a description of $M(d,\chi)$, viewing each
sheaf as a class of matrices with entries in
$\bigoplus_{i\geq0}H^0(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^2}(i))$. We show that there is a
big open subset of $M(d,1)$ isomorphic to a projective bundle over an open
subset of a Hilbert scheme of points on $\mathbb{P}^2.$ Finally we compute the
classes of M(4,1), M(5,1) and M(5,2) in the Grothendieck group of varieties,
especially we conclude that M(5,1) and M(5,2) are of the same class.


  Observations with ground-based telescopes are affected by differential
atmospheric dispersion due to the wavelength-dependent index of refraction of
the atmosphere. The usage of an Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector (ADC) is
fundamental to compensate this effect. Atmospheric dispersion correction
residuals above the level of ~ 100 milli-arcseconds (mas) will affect
astronomical observations, in particular radial velocity and flux losses. The
design of an ADC is based on atmospheric models. To the best of our knowledge,
those models have never been tested on-sky. In this paper, we present a new
method to measure the atmospheric dispersion on-sky in the optical range. We
require an accuracy better than 50 mas that is equal to the difference between
atmospheric models. The method is based on the use of cross-dispersion
spectrographs to determine the position of the centroid of the spatial profile
at each wavelength of each spectral order. The method is validated using
cross-dispersed spectroscopic data acquired with the slit spectrograph UVES. We
measure an instrumental dispersion of 47 mas in the blue arm, 15 mas, and 23
mas in the two ranges of the red arm. We also measure a 4 % deviation in the
pixel scale from the value cited in UVES manual. The accuracy of the method is
~ 17 mas in the range of 315-665 nm. At this level, we can compare and
characterize different atmospheric dispersion models for better future ADC
designs.


  The tight correlation between galaxy bulges and their central black hole
masses likely emerges in a phase of rapid collapse and starburst at high
redshift, due to the balance of gravity on gas with the feedback force from
starbursts and the wind from the black hole; the average gravity on per unit
mass of gas is ~ 2 x 10^-10 m/sec^2 during the star burst phase. This level of
gravity could come from the real r^{-1} cusps of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) halos,
but the predicted gravity would have a large scatter due to dependence on
cosmological parameters and formation histories. Better agreement is found with
the gravity from the scalar field in some co-variant versions of MOND, which
can create the mirage of a Newtonian effective dark halo of density Pi r^{-1}
near the center, where the characteristic surface density Pi=130alpha^{-1} Msun
pc^{-2} and alpha is a fundamental constant of order unity fixed by the
Lagrangian of the co-variant theory if neglecting environmental effects.
  We show with a toy analytical model and a hydrodynamical simulation that a
constant background gravity due to MOND/TeVeS scalar field implies a critical
pressure synchronizing starbursts and the formation of galaxy bulges and
ellipticals. A universal threshold for the formation of the brightest regions
of galaxies in a MONDian universe suggests that the central BHs, bulges and
ellipticals would respect tight correlations like the M_{bulge}-M_{BH}-sigma
relations. In general MOND tends to produce tight correlations in galaxy
properties because its effective halo has less freedom and scatter than CDM
halos.


  This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the gapping dataset for
Russian that consists of 7.5k sentences with gapping (as well as 15k relevant
negative sentences) and comprises data from various genres: news, fiction,
social media and technical texts. The dataset was prepared for the Automatic
Gapping Resolution Shared Task for Russian (AGRR-2019) - a competition aimed at
stimulating the development of NLP tools and methods for processing of
ellipsis.
  In this paper, we pay special attention to the gapping resolution methods
that were introduced within the shared task as well as an alternative test set
that illustrates that our corpus is a diverse and representative subset of
Russian language gapping sufficient for effective utilization of machine
learning techniques.


  We consider $SU(3)_{C}\times SU(2)_{AL}\times SU(2)_{BL}\times U(1)_{Y}$ as
the low-energy subgroup of supersymmetric $SU(3)^{6}$ unification. This may
imply small deviations from quark-lepton universality at the TeV scale, as
allowed by neutron-decay data. New particles are predicted with specific
properties. We discuss in particular the new heavy gauge bosons corresponding
to $SU(2)_{AL} \times SU(2)_{BL} \to SU(2)_L$.


  In this paper we construct a one-dimensional insulator with an approximate
chiral symmetry belonging to the AIII class and discuss its properties. The
construction principle is the intentional pollution of the edge of a
two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator with magnetic impurities. The
resulting bound states hybridize and disperse along the edge. We discuss under
which circumstances this chain possesses zero-dimensional boundary modes on the
level of an effective low-energy theory. The main appeal of our construction is
the independence on details of the impurity lattice: the zero modes are stable
against disorder and random lattice configurations. We also show that in the
presence of Rashba coupling, which changes the symmetry class to A, one can
still expect localized half-integer boundary excess charges protected by mirror
symmetry although there is no nontrivial topological index. All of the results
are confirmed numerically in a microscopic model.


  Motivated by the challenging formation stabilization problem for mobile
robotic teams when no distance or relative displacement measurements are
available and each robot can only measure some of those angles formed by rays
towards its neighbors, we develop the notion of ``angle rigidity" for a
multi-point framework, named ``angularity", consisting of a set of nodes
embedded in a Euclidean space and a set of angle constraints among them.
Different from bearings or angles defined with respect to a global axis, the
angles we use do not rely on the knowledge of a global coordinate system and
are signed according to the counter-clockwise direction. Here \emph{angle
rigidity} refers to the property specifying that under proper angle
constraints, the angularity can only translate, rotate or scale as a whole when
one or more of its nodes are perturbed locally. We first demonstrate that this
angle rigidity property, in sharp comparison to bearing rigidity or other
reported rigidity related to angles of frameworks in the literature, is
\emph{not} a global property since an angle rigid angularity may allow flex
ambiguity. We then construct necessary and sufficient conditions for
\emph{infinitesimal} angle rigidity by checking the rank of an angularity's
rigidity matrix. We develop a combinatorial necessary condition for
infinitesimal minimal angle rigidity. Using the developed theories, a formation
stabilization algorithm is designed for a robotic team to achieve a globally
angle rigid formation, in which only angle measurements are needed.


  We prove that any real-analytic, volume-preserving action of a lattice
$\Gamma$ in a simple Lie group with $\Qrank(\Gamma)\geq 7$ on a closed
4-manifold of nonzero Euler characteristic factors through a finite group
action.


  We study the ground state properties of the one-dimensional quarter-filled
strongly correlated electronic chain coupled by $J$ to another chain of
antiferromagnetic Ising moments. We focus on the case where the large Coulomb
interactions localize the charges on every other site. Both the electronic
spins and the Ising moments interact antiferromagnetically within each chain by
$J_{\rm eff}$ and $J'$, respectively. Since the number of electrons is half as
that of the Ising moments the period of magnetic correlation of these two
chains are incommensurate. In the presence of $J$, the frustration of $J_{\rm
eff}$ and $J'$ arises, which may lead the system to the intriguing
magneto-electric effect.


  We study theoretically the spin-orbit interaction of low-energy electrons in
semiconducting nanowires with a zinc-blende lattice. The effective Dresselhaus
term is derived for various growth directions, including <11(-2)>-oriented
nanowires. While a specific configuration exists where the Dresselhaus
spin-orbit coupling is suppressed even at confinement potentials of low
symmetry, many configurations allow for a strong Dresselhaus coupling. In
particular, we discuss qualitative and quantitative results for nanowire
cross-sections modeled after sectors of rings or circles. The parameter
dependence is analyzed in detail, enabling predictions for a large variety of
setups. For example, we gain insight into the spin-orbit coupling in recently
fabricated GaAs-InAs nanomembrane-nanowire structures. By combining the
effective Dresselhaus and Rashba terms, we find that such structures are
promising platforms for applications where an electrically controllable
spin-orbit interaction is needed. If the nanowire cross-section is scaled down
and InAs replaced by InSb, remarkably high Dresselhaus-based spin-orbit
energies of the order of millielectronvolt are expected. A Rashba term that is
similar to the effective Dresselhaus term can be induced via electric gates,
providing means to switch the spin-orbit interaction on and off. By varying the
central angle of the circular sector, we find, among other things, that
particularly strong Dresselhaus couplings are possible when nanowire
cross-sections resemble half-disks.


  The Gravity Collaboration detected a near-infrared hotspot moving around Sgr
A* during the 2018 July 22 flare. They fitted the partial loop the hotspot made
on the sky with a circular Keplerian orbit of radius $\simeq7.5\,r_{\rm g}$
around the supermassive black hole (BH), where $r_{\rm g}$ is the gravitational
radius. However, because the hotspot traversed the loop in a short time, models
in which the hotspot tracks the motion of some fluid element tend to produce a
best-fit trajectory smaller than the observed loop. This is true for a circular
Keplerian orbit, even when BH spin is accounted for, and for motion along a
RIAF streamline. A marginally bound geodesic suffers from the same problem; in
addition, it is not clear what the origin of an object following the geodesic
would be. The observed hotspot motion is more likely a pattern motion. Circular
motion with $r\simeq12.5\,r_{\rm g}$ and a super-Keplerian speed $\simeq0.8\,c$
is a good fit. Such motion must be pattern motion because it cannot be
explained by physical forces. The pattern speed is compatible with
magnetohydrodynamic perturbations, provided that the magnetic field is
sufficiently strong. Circular pattern motion of radius $\sim20\, r_{\rm g}$ on
a plane above the BH is an equally good alternative; in this case, the hotspot
may be caused by a precessing outflow interacting with a surrounding disk. As
all our fits have relatively large radii, we cannot constrain the BH spin using
these observations.


  Session based model is widely used in recommend system. It use the user click
sequence as input of a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and get the output of
the RNN network as the vector embedding of the session, and use the inner
product of the vector embedding of session and the vector embedding of the next
item as the score that is the metric of the interest to the next item. This
method can be used for the "match" stage for the recommendation system whose
item number is very big by using some index method like KD-Tree or Ball-Tree
and etc.. But this method repudiate the variousness of the interest of user in
a session. We generated the model to modify the vector embedding of session to
a symmetric matrix embedding, that is equivalent to a quadratic form on the
vector space of items. The score is builded as the value of the vector
embedding of next item under the quadratic form. The eigenvectors of the
symmetric matrix embedding corresponding to the positive eigenvalues are
conjectured to represent the interests of user in the session. This method can
be used for the "match" stage also. The experiments show that this method is
better than the method of vector embedding.


  With their sizes larger than 0.7 Mpc, Giant Radio Galaxies (GRGs) are the
largest individual objects in the Universe. To date, the reason why they reach
such enormous extensions is still unclear. One of the proposed scenarios
suggests that they are the result of multiple episodes of jet activity.
Cross-correlating the INTEGRAL+Swift AGN population with radio catalogues
(NVSS, FIRST, SUMSS), we found that 22% of the sources are GRG (a factor four
higher than those selected from radio catalogues). Remarkably, 80% of the
sample shows signs of restarting radio activity. The X-ray properties are
consistent with this scenario, the sources being in a high-accretion,
high-luminosity state with respect to the previous activity responsible for the
radio lobes.


  Large surveys using modern telescopes are producing images that are
increasing exponentially in size and quality. Identifying objects in the
generated images by visual recognition is time-consuming and labor-intensive,
while classifying the extracted radio sources is even more challenging. To
address these challenges, we develop a deep learning-based radio source
detector, named \textsc{HeTu}, which is capable of rapidly identifying and
classifying radio sources in an automated manner for both compact and extended
radio sources. \textsc{HeTu} is based on a combination of a residual network
(ResNet) and feature pyramid network (FPN). We classify radio sources into four
classes based on their morphology. The training images are manually labeled and
data augmentation methods are applied to solve the data imbalance between the
different classes. \textsc{HeTu} automatically locates the radio sources in the
images and assigns them to one of the four classes. The experiment on the
testing dataset shows an average operation time of 5.4 millisecond per image
and a precision of 99.4\% for compact point-like sources and 98.1\% for
double-lobe sources. We applied \textsc{HeTu} to the images obtained from the
GaLactic and the Galactic Extragalactic All-Object Murchison Wide-field Array
(GLEAM) survey project. More than 96.9\% of the \textsc{HeTu}-detected compact
sources are matched compared to the source finding software used in the GLEAM.
We also detected and classified 2,298 extended sources (including
Fanaroff-Riley type I and II sources, and core-jet sources) above $5\sigma$.
The cross-matching rates of extended sources are higher than 97\%, showing
excellent performance of \textsc{HeTu} in identifying extended radio sources.
\textsc{HeTu} provides an efficient tool for radio source finding and
classification and can be applied to other scientific fields.


  We introduce a statistical mechanics formalism for the study of constrained
graph evolution as a Markovian stochastic process, in analogy with that
available for spin systems, deriving its basic properties and highlighting the
role of the `mobility' (the number of allowed moves for any given graph). As an
application of the general theory we analyze the properties of
degree-preserving Markov chains based on elementary edge switchings. We give an
exact yet simple formula for the mobility in terms of the graph's adjacency
matrix and its spectrum. This formula allows us to define acceptance
probabilities for edge switchings, such that the Markov chains become
controlled Glauber-type detailed balance processes, designed to evolve to any
required invariant measure (representing the asymptotic frequencies with which
the allowed graphs are visited during the process). As a corollary we also
derive a condition in terms of simple degree statistics, sufficient to
guarantee that, in the limit where the number of nodes diverges, even for
state-independent acceptance probabilities of proposed moves the invariant
measure of the process will be uniform. We test our theory on synthetic graphs
and on realistic larger graphs as studied in cellular biology.


  We prove a version of the Aleksandrov-Fenchel inequality for mixed volumes of
coconvex bodies. This version is motivated by an inequality from commutative
algebra relating intersection multiplicities of ideals.


  We study random walks with stochastic resetting to the initial position on
arbitrary networks. We obtain the stationary probability distribution as well
as the mean and global first passage times, which allow us to characterize the
effect of resetting on the capacity of a random walker to reach a particular
target or to explore a finite network. We apply the results to rings, Cayley
trees, random and complex networks. Our formalism holds for undirected networks
and can be implemented from the spectral properties of the random walk without
resetting, providing a tool to analyze the search efficiency in different
structures with the small-world property or communities. In this way, we extend
the study of resetting processes to the domain of networks.


  Full 3D calculations of small two-component Fermi gases under
highly-elongated confinement, in which unlike fermions interact through
short-range potentials with variable atom-atom s-wave scattering length, are
performed using the correlated Gaussian approach. In addition, microscopic 1D
calculations are performed for effective "atomic" and "molecular" 1D model
Hamiltonian. Comparisons of the 3D and 1D energies and excitation frequencies
establish the validity regimes of the effective 1D Hamiltonian. Our numerical
results for three- and four-particle systems suggest that the effective 1D
atom-dimer and dimer-dimer interactions are to a good approximation determined
by simple analytical expressions. Implications for the description of quasi-1D
Fermi gases within strict 1D frameworks are discussed.


  Thermal switching materials, whose thermal conductivity can be controlled
externally, show great potential in contemporary thermal management.
Manipulating thermal transport properties through magnetic fields has been
accomplished in materials that exhibit a high magnetoresistance. However, it is
generally understood that the lattice thermal conductivity attributed to
phonons is not significantly impacted by the magnetic fields. In this study, we
experimentally demonstrate the significant impact of phonon-magnon scattering
on the thermal conductivity of the rare-earth metal gadolinium near room
temperature, which can be controlled by a magnetic field to realize thermal
switching. Using first-principles lattice dynamics and spin-lattice dynamics
simulations, we attribute the observed change in phononic thermal conductivity
to field-suppressed phonon-magnon scattering. This research suggests that
phonon-magnon scattering in ferromagnetic materials is crucial for determining
their thermal conductivity, opening the door to innovative
magnetic-field-controlled thermal switching materials.


  The reduction algorithm is used to compute reduced ideals of a number field.
However, there are reduced ideals that can never be obtained from this
algorithm. In this paper, we will show that these ideals have inverses of
larger norms among reduced ones. Especially, we represent a sufficient and
necessary condition for reduced ideals of real quadratic fields to be obtained
from the reduction algorithm.


  Dynamical decoupling of spin qubits in silicon can enhance fidelity and be
used to extract the frequency spectra of noise processes. We demonstrate a
full-permutation dynamical decoupling technique that cyclically exchanges the
spins in a triple-dot qubit. This sequence not only suppresses both low
frequency charge-noise- and magnetic-noise-induced errors; it also refocuses
leakage errors to first order, which is particularly interesting for encoded
exchange-only qubits. For a specific construction, which we call NZ1y, the
qubit is isolated from error sources to such a degree that we measure a
remarkable exchange pulse error of $5\times10^{-5}$. This sequence maintains a
quantum state for roughly 18,000 exchange pulses, extending the qubit coherence
from $T_2^*=2~\mu$s to $T_2 = 720~\mu$s. We experimentally validate an error
model that includes $1/f$ charge noise and $1/f$ magnetic noise in two ways: by
direct exchange-qubit simulation, and by integration of the assumed noise
spectra with derived filter functions, both of which reproduce the measured
error and leakage with respect to changing the repetition rate.


  We study the problem of two superconducting quantum qubits coupled via a
resonator. If only one quanta is present in the system and the number of
photons in the resonator is measured with a null result, the qubits end up in
an entangled Bell state. Here we look at one source of errors in this quantum
nondemolition scheme due to the presence of more than one quanta in the
resonator, previous to the measurement. By analyzing the structure of the
conditional Hamiltonian with arbitrary number of quanta, we show that the
scheme is remarkably robust against these type of errors.


  We offer a metal model suitable for the description of fast electrophysical
processes in conductors under influence of powerful electronic and laser
radiation of femto- and picosecond duration, and also high-voltage
electromagnetic pulses with picosecond front and duration less than 1 ns. The
obtained dynamic equations for metal in approximation of one quasineutral
liquid are in agreement with the equations received by other authors formerly.
New wide-range expressions for the electronic conduction in strong
electromagnetic fields are obtained and analyzed.


  We report the investigation of electronic collective modes in
rare-earth-based magnets (Mo$_{2/3}$RE$_{1/3}$)$_2$AlC (also known as
RE-$i$-MAX phases), where RE=Gd, Yb, and Dy, using single crystal samples. A
detailed investigation of the Raman spectra of Gd-$i$-MAX samples at low
temperatures, with a focus on the phonon behavior in relation to the
antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase transition at 26 K is presented. Significant
shifts in the central frequencies of several low-frequency phonon modes were
observed below 25 K, correlating with the N\'{e}el transition. Integrated Raman
intensity measurements indicated a reduction in the electronic background below
the AFM transition temperature, suggesting the opening of a magnetic gap. Our
analysis showed no new phonon modes. Therefore, we do not see any indication of
a Brillouin zone folding of phonon mode to the $\Gamma$-point in our
measurement. However, the hardening of all phonon modes at low temperatures
points to a strong spin-phonon coupling effect. Using a temperature-dependent
model of phonon frequency, we determined the spin-phonon coupling constant
$\lambda$ to be less than 0.1 cm$^{-1}$ for all frequencies, which is of the
same order of magnitude as found in other antiferromagnetic materials such as
MnF$_{2}$ and FeF$_{2}$ with $T_N=68~K$ and $T_N=78~K$, respectively, but
significantly lower than that of $CuO$ with $T_N=213~K$.


  This paper studies the principal components (PC) estimator for high
dimensional approximate factor models with weak factors in that the factor
loading ($\boldsymbol{\Lambda}^0$) scales sublinearly in the number $N$ of
cross-section units, i.e., $\boldsymbol{\Lambda}^{0\top} \boldsymbol{\Lambda}^0
/ N^\alpha$ is positive definite in the limit for some $\alpha \in (0,1)$.
While the consistency and asymptotic normality of these estimates are by now
well known when the factors are strong, i.e., $\alpha=1$, the statistical
properties for weak factors remain less explored. Here, we show that the PC
estimator maintains consistency and asymptotical normality for any
$\alpha\in(0,1)$, provided suitable conditions regarding the dependence
structure in the noise are met. This complements earlier result by Onatski
(2012) that the PC estimator is inconsistent when $\alpha=0$, and the more
recent work by Bai and Ng (2023) who established the asymptotic normality of
the PC estimator when $\alpha \in (1/2,1)$. Our proof strategy integrates the
traditional eigendecomposition-based approach for factor models with
leave-one-out analysis similar in spirit to those used in matrix completion and
other settings. This combination allows us to deal with factors weaker than the
former and at the same time relax the incoherence and independence assumptions
often associated with the later.


  Networks are widely used in science and technology to represent relationships
between entities, such as social or ecological links between organisms,
enzymatic interactions in metabolic systems, or computer infrastructure.
Statistical analyses of networks can provide critical insights into the
structure, function, dynamics, and evolution of those systems. However, the
structures of real-world networks are often not known completely, and they may
exhibit considerable variation so that no single network is sufficiently
representative of a system. In such situations, researchers may turn to proxy
data from related systems, sophisticated methods for network inference, or
synthetic networks. Here, we introduce a flexible method for synthesizing
realistic ensembles of networks starting from a known network, through a series
of mappings that coarsen and later refine the network structure by randomized
editing. The method, MUSKETEER, preserves structural properties with minimal
bias, including unknown or unspecified features, while introducing realistic
variability at multiple scales. Using examples from several domains, we show
that MUSKETEER produces the intended stochasticity while achieving greater
fidelity across a suite of network properties than do other commonly used
network generation algorithms.