  Generative AI is a fast-growing area of research offering various avenues for
exploration in high-energy nuclear physics. In this work, we explore the use of
generative models for simulating electron-proton collisions relevant to
experiments like CEBAF and the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). These
experiments play a critical role in advancing our understanding of nucleons and
nuclei in terms of quark and gluon degrees of freedom. The use of generative
models for simulating collider events faces several challenges such as the
sparsity of the data, the presence of global or event-wide constraints, and
steeply falling particle distributions. In this work, we focus on the
implementation of diffusion models for the simulation of electron-proton
scattering events at EIC energies. Our results demonstrate that diffusion
models can accurately reproduce relevant observables such as momentum
distributions and correlations of particles, momentum sum rules, and the
leading electron kinematics, all of which are of particular interest in
electron-proton collisions. Although the sampling process is relatively slow
compared to other machine learning architectures, we find diffusion models can
generate high-quality samples. We foresee various applications of our work
including inference for nuclear structure, interpretable generative machine
learning, and searches of physics beyond the Standard Model.


  Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) could protect organs at risk (OARs) while
maintain high dose coverage to targets. However, there still lack efficient
online patient QA methods. We aim to develop a clinically relevant online
patient quality assurance (QA) solution for ART using daily CT scans and
electronic portal imaging device (EPID)-based in vivo dosimetry. Ten patients
with rectal cancer at our center were included. Patients' daily CT scans and
portal images were collected to generate reconstructed 3D dose distributions.
Contours of targets and OARs were recontoured on these daily CT scans by a
clinician or an auto-segmentation algorithm, then dose-volume indices were
calculated, and the percent deviation of these indices to their original plans
were determined. This deviation was regarded as the metric for clinically
relevant patient QA. The tolerance level was obtained using a 95% interval of
the QA metric distribution. These deviations could be further divided into
anatomically relevant or delivery relevant indicators for error source
analysis. Finally, our QA solution was validated on an additional six clinical
patients. In rectal cancer, the lower and upper tolerance of the QA metric for
PTV {\Delta}D95 (%) were [-3.11%, 2.35%], and for PTV {\Delta}D2 (%) were
[-0.78%, 3.23%]. In validation, the 68% for PTV {\Delta}D95 (%) and the 79% for
PTV {\Delta}D2 ({%)of the 28 fractions are within tolerances of the QA metrics.
By using four or more out-of-tolerance QA metrics as an action level, there
were 5 fractions (18%) have four or more out-of-tolerance QA metrics in
validation patient dataset. The online patient QA solution using daily CT scans
and EPID-based in vivo dosimetry is clinically feasible. Source of error
analysis has the potential for distinguishing sources of error and guiding ART
for future treatments.


  For photoacoustic image reconstruction, certain parameters such as sensor
positions and speed of sound have a major impact in the reconstruction process
and must be carefully determined before data acquisition. Uncertainties in
these parameters can lead to errors produced by a modeling mismatch, hindering
the reconstruction process and severely affecting the resulting image quality.
Therefore, in this work we study how modeling errors arising from uncertainty
in sensor locations affect the images obtained by matrix model-based
reconstruction algorithms based on time domain and frequency domain models of
the photoacoustic problem. The effects on the reconstruction performance with
respect to the uncertainty in the knowledge of the sensors location is compared
and analyzed both in a qualitative and quantitative fashion for both time and
frequency models. Ultimately, our study shows that the frequency domain
approach is more sensitive to this kind of modeling errors. These conclusions
are supported by numerical experiments and a theoretical sensitivity analysis
of the mathematical operator for the direct problem.


  In the lattice designs for the next generation storage ring light sources,
longitudinal gradient bending magnets and anti-bending magnets have been
adopted. A logical question raised by the trend of varying the longitudinal
distribution of dipole strength is: what are the optimal distributions of the
dipole and quadrupole fields in a lattice cell for the purpose of minimizing
the natural emittance? We studied this problem by numerically optimizing the
dipole and quadrupole distributions of the normalized cell optics using the
particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results reveal the features of the
longitudinal field variation of the optimized cell and show that when the
quadrupole gradient is increased enough, the cell tends to split into two
identical cells with similar features.


  We construct static and spherically symmetric generalizations of the
Schwarzschild- and Reissner-Nordstr\"om-(Anti-)de Sitter (RN-(A)dS) black-hole
solutions in four-dimensional Einsteinian cubic gravity (ECG). The solutions
are determined by a single blackening factor which satisfies a non-linear
second-order differential equation. Interestingly, we are able to compute
independently the Hawking temperature $T$, the Wald entropy $\mathsf{S}$ and
the Abbott-Deser mass $M$ of the solutions analytically as functions of the
horizon radius and the ECG coupling constant $\lambda$. Using these we show
that the first law of black-hole mechanics is exactly satisfied. Some of the
solutions have positive specific heat, which makes them thermodynamically
stable, even in the uncharged and asymptotically flat case. Further, we claim
that, up to cubic order in curvature, ECG is the most general four-dimensional
theory of gravity which allows for non-trivial single-blackening factor
generalizations of Schwarzschild- and RN-(A)dS which reduce to the usual
Einstein gravity solutions when the corresponding higher-order couplings are
set to zero.


  Classical hydrodynamics is a remarkably versatile description of the
coarse-grained behavior of many-particle systems once local equilibrium has
been established. The form of the hydrodynamical equations is determined
primarily by the conserved quantities present in a system. Some quantum spin
chains are known to possess, even in the simplest cases, a greatly expanded set
of conservation laws, and recent work suggests that these laws strongly modify
collective spin dynamics even at high temperature. Here, by probing the
dynamical exponent of the one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet KCuF$_3$
with neutron scattering, we find evidence that the spin dynamics are well
described by the dynamical exponent $z=3/2$, which is consistent with the
recent theoretical conjecture that the dynamics of this quantum system are
described by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. This observation shows
that low-energy inelastic neutron scattering at moderate temperatures can
reveal the details of emergent quantum fluid properties like those arising in
non-Fermi liquids in higher dimensions.


  It has been decades since the academic world of ruin theory defined the
insolvency of an insurance company as the time when its surplus falls below
zero. This simplification, however, needs careful adaptions to imitate the
real-world liquidation process. Inspired by Broadie et al. (2007) and Li et al.
(2020), this paper uses a three-barrier model to describe the financial stress
towards bankruptcy of an insurance company. The financial status of the insurer
is divided into solvent, insolvent and liquidated three states, where the
insurer's surplus process at the state of solvent and insolvent is modelled by
two spectrally negative L\'{e}vy processes, which have been taken as good
candidates to model insurance risks. We provide a rigorous definition of the
time of liquidation ruin in this three-barrier model. By adopting the
techniques of excursions in the fluctuation theory, we study the joint
distribution of the time of liquidation, the surplus at liquidation and the
historical high of the surplus until liquidation, which generalizes the known
results on the classical expected discounted penalty function in Gerber and
Shiu (1998). The results have semi-explicit expressions in terms of the scale
functions and the L\'{e}vy triplets associated with the two underlying L\'{e}vy
processes. The special case when the two underlying L\'{e}vy processes coincide
with each other is also studied, where our results are expressed compactly via
only the scale functions. The corresponding results have good consistency with
the existing literatures on Parisian ruin with (or without) a lower barrier in
Landriault et al. (2014), Baurdoux et al. (2016) and Frostig and Keren-Pinhasik
(2019). Besides, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the underlying
features of liquidation ruin.


  We report results of proper motions of 25 known Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC)
clusters (ages ~ 1 - 10 Gyr old) derived from Gaia EDR3 data sets. When these
mean proper motions are gathered with existent radial velocity measurements to
compose the clusters' velocity vectors, we found the parameter values of a
rotation disk that best resemble their observed motions, namely: central
coordinates and distance, inclination and position angle of the line-of-node,
proper motion in right ascension and declination and systemic velocity,
rotation velocity and velocity dispersion. The SMC cluster rotation disk seems
to be at some level kinematically synchronized with the rotation of field red
giants recently modeled using DR2 data sets. Such a rotation disk is seen in
the sky as a tilted edge-on disk, with a velocity dispersion perpendicular to
it twice as big as that in the plane of the disk. Because the direction
perpendicular to the disk is nearly aligned with the Magellanic Bridge, we
interpret the larger velocity dispersion as a consequence of the SMC velocity
stretching caused by the tidal interaction with the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Rotation alone would not seem sufficient to explain the observed kinematic
behaviors in the SMC.


  Extracting the unique information on ultradense nuclear matter from the
gravitational waves emitted by merging, neutron-star binaries requires robust
theoretical models of the signal. We develop a novel effective-one-body
waveform model that includes, for the first time, dynamic (instead of only
adiabatic) tides of the neutron star, as well as the merger signal for
neutron-star--black-hole binaries. We demonstrate the importance of the dynamic
tides by comparing our model against new numerical-relativity simulations of
nonspinning neutron-star--black-hole binaries spanning more than 24
gravitational-wave cycles, and to other existing numerical simulations for
double neutron-star systems. Furthermore, we derive an effective description
that makes explicit the dependence of matter effects on two key parameters:
tidal deformability and fundamental oscillation frequency.


  The factorization theorem in Decays of $B_{(s)}$ mesons to two charmed mesons
(both pseudoscalar and vector) can still be proved in the leading order in
$m_D/m_B$ and $\Lambda_{\rm{QCD}}/m_D$ expansion. Working in the perturbative
QCD approach, we find that the factorizable emission diagrams are dominant.
Most of branching ratios we compute agree with the experimental data well,
which means that the factorization theorem seems to be reliable in predicting
branching ratios for these decays. In the decays of a $B$ meson to two vector
charmed mesons, the transverse polarization states contribute $40%-50%$ both in
the processes with an external W emission and in the pure annihilation decays.
This is in agreement with the present experimental data. We also calculate the
CP asymmetry parameters. The results show that the direct CP asymmetries are
very small. Thus observation of any large direct CP asymmetry will be a signal
for new physics. The mixing induced CP asymmetry in the neutral modes is large.
This is also in agreement with the current experimental measurements. They can
give a cross check of the $\sin 2\beta$ measurement from other channels.


  A set of Hamiltonians that are not self-adjoint but have the spectrum of the
harmonic oscillator is studied. The eigenvectors of these operators and those
of their Hermitian conjugates form a bi-orthogonal system that provides a
mathematical procedure to satisfy the superposition principle. In this form the
non-Hermitian oscillators can be studied in much the same way as in the
Hermitian approaches. Two different nonlinear algebras generated by properly
constructed ladder operators are found and the corresponding generalized
coherent states are obtained. The non-Hermitian oscillators can be steered to
the conventional one by the appropriate selection of parameters. In such limit,
the generators of the nonlinear algebras converge to generalized ladder
operators that would represent either intensity-dependent interactions or
multi-photon processes if the oscillator is associated with single mode photon
fields in nonlinear media.


  We report the results of testing gravitational-wave birefringence using the
largest population of gravitational-wave events currently available.
Gravitational-wave birefringence, which can arise from the effective field
theory extension of general relativity, occurs when the parity symmetry is
broken, causing the left- and right-handed polarizations to propagate following
different equations of motion. We perform Bayesian inference on the 94 events
reported by the 4th-Open Gravitational-wave Catalog (4-OGC) using a
parity-violating waveform. We find no evidence for a violation of general
relativity in the vast majority of events. However, the most massive event,
GW190521, and the second most massive event, GW191109, show intriguing non-zero
results for gravitational-wave birefringence. We find that the probability of
association between GW190521 and the possible electromagnetic (EM) counterpart
reported by Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is increased when assuming
birefringence. Excluding GW190521 and GW191109, the parity-violating energy
scale is constrained to $M_\mathrm{PV} > 0.05$ GeV at $90\%$ credible interval,
which is an improvement over previous results from twelve events by a factor of
five. We discuss the implications of our results on modified gravity and
possible alternative explanations such as waveform systematics. More detections
of massive binary black hole mergers from the upcoming LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA run
will shed light on the true origin of the apparent birefringence.


  The muon-to-electron conversion (Mu2e) experiment at Fermilab will be used to
search for the charged lepton flavor-violating conversion of muons to electrons
in the field of an atomic nucleus. The Mu2e experiment is currently in the
construction stage. The scope of this paper is the cryogenic distribution
system and superconducting power leads for four superconducting solenoid
magnets: Production Solenoid (PS), an Upstream and Downstream Transport
Solenoids (TSu and TSd) and Detector Solenoid (DS). The design of the cryogenic
distribution system and the fabrication of several sub-systems was reported
previously. This paper reports on additional fabrication and installation
progress that has been performed over the past two years. Lessons learned
during fabrication and testing of the cryogenic distribution system components
are described. In particular, the challenges and solutions implemented for
aluminum welding are reported. A description of the process used to qualify the
welding procedure and welders for welding the aluminium stabilized NbTi
superconducting power leads is provided. Additionally, the progress made with
regards to installing the power leads into the cryogenic Feedboxes is covered.


  There are two central models considered in (fault-free synchronous)
distributed computing: the CONGEST model, in which communication channels have
limited bandwidth, and the LOCAL model, in which communication channels have
unlimited bandwidth. Very recently, Le Gall and Magniez (PODC 2018) showed the
superiority of quantum distributed computing over classical distributed
computing in the CONGEST model. In this work we show the superiority of quantum
distributed computing in the LOCAL model: we exhibit a computational task that
can be solved in a constant number of rounds in the quantum setting but
requires $\Omega(n)$ rounds in the classical setting, where $n$ denotes the
size of the network.


  We prove analogues of fundamental results of Kostant on the universal
centralizer of a connected reductive algebraic group for algebraically closed
fields of positive characteristic (with mild assumptions), and for integral
coefficients. As an application, we use these results to obtain a "mixed
modular" analogue of the derived Satake equivalence of
Bezrukavnikov-Finkelberg.


  We study the determinant of certain etale sheaves constructed via middle
convolution in order to realize special linear groups regularly as Galois
groups over the rationals.


  Tidal disruption events\,(TDEs) provide a valuable probe in studying the
dynamics of stars in the nuclear environments of galaxies. Recent observations
show that TDEs are strongly overrepresented in post-starburst or "green valley"
galaxies, although the underlying physical mechanism remains unclear.
Considering the possible interaction between stars and active galactic
nucleus\,(AGN) disk, the TDE rates can be greatly changed compared to those in
quiescent galactic nuclei. In this work, we revisit TDE rates by incorporating
an evolving AGN disk within the framework of the "loss cone" theory. We
numerically evolve the Fokker-Planck equations by considering the star-disk
interactions, in-situ star formation in the unstable region of the outer AGN
disk and the evolution of the accretion process for supermassive black
holes\,(SMBHs). We find that the TDE rates are enhanced by about two orders of
magnitude shortly after the AGN transitions into a non-active stage. During
this phase, the accumulated stars are rapidly scattered into the loss cone due
to the disappearance of the inner standard thin disk. Our results provide an
explanation for the overrepresentation of TDEs in post-starburst galaxies.


  We consider limits of equilibrium distributions as temperature approaches
zero, for systems of infinitely many particles, and characterize the support of
the limiting distributions. Such results are known for particles with positions
on a fixed lattice; we extend these results to systems of particles on R^n,
with restrictions on the interaction.


  Using XMM data, we study for the first time the X-ray emission of HM1 and
IC2944/2948. Low-mass, pre-main-sequence objects with an age of a few Myr are
detected, as well as a few background or foreground objects. Most massive stars
in both clusters display the usual high-energy properties of that type of
objects, though with log(Lx/Lbol) apparently lower in HM1 than in IC2944/2948.
Compared with studies of other clusters, it seems that a low signal-to-noise
ratio at soft energies, due to the high extinction, may be the main cause of
this difference. In HM1, the two Wolf-Rayet stars show contrasting behaviors:
WR89 is extremely bright, but much softer than WR87. It remains to be seen
whether wind-wind collisions or magnetically confined winds can explain these
emissions. In IC2944/2948, the X-ray sources concentrate around HD101205; a
group of massive stars to the north of this object is isolated, suggesting that
there exist two subclusters in the field-of-view.


  The effects of replacing small amounts of Co with Fe in NdCoAsO are reported.
Polycrystalline materials with compositions NdCo1-xFexAsO (x = 0.05, 0.10,
0.15, and 0.20) are studied and the results compared to previous reports for
NdCoAsO. Rietveld analysis of powder x-ray diffraction data shows that as Fe
replaces Co on the transition metal (T) site, the T-As distance increases, and
the As tetrahedra surrounding the T-site become more regular. Electrical
resistivity and magnetization measurements indicate that the three magnetic
phase transitions in NdCoAsO are suppressed as Co is replaced by Fe, and these
transitions are not observed above 1.8 K for x = 0.20. Based on these results,
the magnetic phase diagram for the Co-rich side of the NdCoAsO-NdFeAsO system
is constructed.


  We study the processes $e^+e^-\to 2(\pi^+\pi^-)\pi^0\pi^0\pi^0\gamma$ and
$2(\pi^+\pi^-)\pi^0\pi^0\eta\gamma$ in which an energetic photon is radiated
from the initial state. The data were collected with the \babar~ detector at
SLAC. About 14\,000 and 4700 events, respectively, are selected from a data
sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 469 fb^{-1}. The invariant
mass of the hadronic final state defines the effective \epem center-of-mass
energy. The center-of-mass energies range from threshold to 4.5 GeV. From the
mass spectra, the first ever measurements of the $e^+e^-\to
2(\pi^+\pi^-)\pi^0\pi^0\pi^0$ and the $e^+e^-\to2(\pi^+\pi^-)\pi^0\pi^0\eta$
cross sections are performed. The contributions from
$\omega\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$, $\eta2(\pi^+\pi^-)$, and other intermediate
states are presented. We observe the $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ in most of these
final states and measure the corresponding branching fractions, many of them
for the first time.


  We have analyzed magnetic-field-dependent small-angle neutron scattering
(SANS) data of soft magnetic two-phase nanocomposite ferromagnets in terms of a
recent micromagnetic theory for the magnetic SANS cross section [D. Honecker
and A. Michels, Phys. Rev. B $\mathbf{87}$, 224426 (2013)]. The approach yields
a value for the average exchange-stiffness constant and provides the Fourier
coefficients of the magnetic anisotropy field and magnetostatic field, which is
related to jumps of the magnetization at internal interfaces.


  Embedding representation learning via neural networks is at the core
foundation of modern similarity based search. While much effort has been put in
developing algorithms for learning binary hamming code representations for
search efficiency, this still requires a linear scan of the entire dataset per
each query and trades off the search accuracy through binarization. To this
end, we consider the problem of directly learning a quantizable embedding
representation and the sparse binary hash code end-to-end which can be used to
construct an efficient hash table not only providing significant search
reduction in the number of data but also achieving the state of the art search
accuracy outperforming previous state of the art deep metric learning methods.
We also show that finding the optimal sparse binary hash code in a mini-batch
can be computed exactly in polynomial time by solving a minimum cost flow
problem. Our results on Cifar-100 and on ImageNet datasets show the state of
the art search accuracy in precision@k and NMI metrics while providing up to
98X and 478X search speedup respectively over exhaustive linear search. The
source code is available at
https://github.com/maestrojeong/Deep-Hash-Table-ICML18


  We examine the possibility of observing the Kaluza-Klein gluons in
gauge-Higgs unification models at the LHC with the energy sqrt{s}=14 TeV. We
consider a benchmark model with the gauge symmetry SU(3)_C x SU(3)_W in
five-dimensional space-time, where SU(3)_C is the gauge symmetry of the strong
interaction and SU(3)_W is that for the electroweak interaction and a Higgs
doublet field. It is natural in general to introduce SU(3)_C gauge symmetry in
five-dimensional space-time as well as SU(3)_W gauge symmetry in gauge-Higgs
unification models. Since the fifth dimension is compactified to S1/Z2
orbifold, there are Kaluza-Klein modes of gluons in low-energy effective theory
in four-dimensional space-time. We investigate the resonance contribution of
the first Kaluza-Klein gluon to dijet invariant mass distribution at the LHC,
and provide signal-to-noise ratios in various cases of Kaluza-Klein gluon
masses and kinematical cuts. Although the results are given in a specific
benchmark model, we discuss their application to general gauge-Higgs
unification models with Kaluza-Klein gluons. Gauge-Higgs unification models can
be verified or constrained through the physics of the strong interaction,
though they are proposed to solve the naturalness problem in electroweak
symmetry breaking.


  While shorter characteristic path length has in general been believed to
enhance synchronizability of a coupled oscillator system on a complex
network,the suppressing tendency of the heterogeneity of the degree
distribution, even for shorter characteristic path length, has also been
reported. To see this, we investigate the effects of various factors such as
the degree, characteristic path length, heterogeneity, and betweenness
centrality on synchronization, and find a consistent trend between the
synchronization and the betweenness centrality. The betweenness centrality is
thus proposed as a good indicator for synchronizability.


  Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems on pixel domain use low-level
features, such as colour, texture and shape, to retrieve images. In this
context, two types of image representations i.e. local and global image
features have been studied in the literature. Extracting these features from
pixel images and comparing them with images from the database is very
time-consuming. Therefore, in recent years, there has been some effort to
accomplish image analysis directly in the compressed domain with lesser
computations. Furthermore, most of the images in our daily transactions are
stored in the JPEG compressed format. Therefore, it would be ideal if we could
retrieve features directly from the partially decoded or compressed data and
use them for retrieval. Here, we propose a unified model for image retrieval
which takes DCT coefficients as input and efficiently extracts global and local
features directly in the JPEG compressed domain for accurate image retrieval.
The experimental findings indicate that our proposed model performed similarly
to the current DELG model which takes RGB features as an input with reference
to mean average precision while having a faster training and retrieval speed.


  SN 2008es is one of the rare cases of a Type II superluminous supernova
(SLSN) showing no relatively narrow features in its early-time spectra, and
therefore its powering mechanism is under debate between circumstellar
interaction (CSI) and magnetar spin-down. Late-time data are required for
better constraints. We present optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry
obtained from Gemini, Keck, and Palomar Observatories from 192 to 554 days
after explosion. Only broad H$\alpha$ emission is detected in a Gemini spectrum
at 288 days. The line profile exhibits red-wing attenuation relative to the
early-time spectrum. In addition to the cooling SN photosphere, a NIR excess
with blackbody temperature $\sim1500$ K and radius $\sim10^{16}$ cm is
observed. This evidence supports dust condensation in the cool dense shell
being responsible for the spectral evolution and NIR excess. We favour CSI,
with $\sim2$--3 $\textrm{M}_\odot$ of circumstellar material (CSM) and
$\sim$10--20 $\textrm{M}_\odot$ of ejecta, as the powering mechanism, which
still dominates at our late-time epochs. Both models of uniform density and
steady wind fit the data equally well, with an effective CSM radius $\sim
10^{15}$ cm, supporting the efficient conversion of shock energy to radiation
by CSI. A low amount ($\lesssim 0.4$ $\textrm{M}_\odot$) of $^{56}$Ni is
possible but cannot be verified yet, since the light curve is dominated by CSI.
The magnetar spin-down powering mechanism cannot be ruled out, but is less
favoured because it overpredicts the late-time fluxes and may be inconsistent
with the presence of dust.


  In the previous study, we formulate a matrix model renormalization group
based on the fuzzy spherical harmonics with which a notion of high/low energy
can be attributed to matrix elements, and show that it exhibits locality and
various similarity to the usual Wilsonian renormalization group of quantum
field theory. In this work, we continue the renormalization group analysis of a
matrix model with emphasis on nonlocal interactions where the fields on
antipodal points are coupled. They are indeed generated in the renormalization
group procedure and are tightly related to the noncommutative nature of the
geometry. We aim at formulating renormalization group equations including such
nonlocal interactions and finding existence of nontrivial field theory with
antipodal interactions on the fuzzy sphere. We find several nontrivial fixed
points and calculate the scaling dimensions associated with them. We also
consider the noncommutative plane limit and then no consistent fixed point is
found. This contrast between the fuzzy sphere limit and the noncommutative
plane limit would be manifestation in our formalism of the claim given by Chu,
Madore and Steinacker that the former does not have UV/IR mixing, while the
latter does.


  Advancements in distributed ledger technologies are driving the rise of
blockchain-based social media platforms such as Steemit, where users interact
with each other in similar ways as conventional social networks. These
platforms are autonomously managed by users using decentralized consensus
protocols in a cryptocurrency ecosystem. The deep integration of social
networks and blockchains in these platforms provides potential for numerous
cross-domain research studies that are of interest to both the research
communities. However, it is challenging to process and analyze large volumes of
raw Steemit data as it requires specialized skills in both software engineering
and blockchain systems and involves substantial efforts in extracting and
filtering various types of operations. To tackle this challenge, we collect
over 38 million blocks generated in Steemit during a 45 month time period from
2016/03 to 2019/11 and extract ten key types of operations performed by the
users. The results generate SteemOps, a new dataset that organizes more than
900 million operations from Steemit into three sub-datasets namely (i)
social-network operation dataset (SOD), (ii) witness-election operation dataset
(WOD) and (iii) value-transfer operation dataset (VOD). We describe the dataset
schema and its usage in detail and outline possible future research studies
using SteemOps. SteemOps is designed to facilitate future research aimed at
providing deeper insights on emerging blockchain-based social media platforms.


  Numerical methods have allowed the construction of vacuum non-uniform
strings. For sufficient non-uniformity, the local geometry about the minimal
horizon sphere (the "waist") was conjectured to be a cone metric. We are able
to test this conjecture explicitly giving strong evidence in favour of it. We
also show how to extend the conjecture to weakly charged strings.


  Very strong electromagnetic field can be generated in peripheral relativistic
heavy ion collisions. This work is devoted to exploring the interplay between
the effects of a constant external electric field and confining potential on
heavy-flavor mesons. As the corresponding vector potential linearly depends on
one spatial coordinate for a constant electric field, it might be able to
overcome the linear confining potential of QCD and induce deconfinement. To
perform analytic calculations and for comparison, one and two dimensional
systems are studied together with the realistic three dimensional systems. The
one dimensional Schr$\ddot{\text o}$dinger equation can be solved analytically
with the help of Airy functions, and deconfinement is indeed realized when the
electric field is larger than the string tension. Focus on the confining case,
the two and three dimensional Schr$\ddot{\text o}$dinger equations can be
solved analytically in large $r$ limit with the help of elliptic cosine/sine
functions, and the wave functions are dominated by the region antiparallel to
the electric field. When a more realistic potential is applied, a non-monotonic
feature is found for $\Upsilon(2S)$ and $\Upsilon(3S)$-like mesons with
increasing electric field.


  We analyze the depinning transition of a driven interface in the 3d
random-field Ising model (RFIM) with quenched disorder by means of Monte Carlo
simulations. The interface initially built into the system is perpendicular to
the [111]-direction of a simple cubic lattice. We introduce an algorithm which
is capable of simulating such an interface independent of the considered
dimension and time scale. This algorithm is applied to the 3d-RFIM to study
both the depinning transition and the influence of thermal fluctuations on this
transition. It turns out that in the RFIM characteristics of the depinning
transition depend crucially on the existence of overhangs. Our analysis yields
critical exponents of the interface velocity, the correlation length, and the
thermal rounding of the transition. We find numerical evidence for a scaling
relation for these exponents and the dimension d of the system.


  We consider the intrinsic evaluation of neural generative dialog models
through the lens of Grice's Maxims of Conversation (1975). Based on the maxim
of Quantity (be informative), we propose Relative Utterance Quantity (RUQ) to
diagnose the `I don't know' problem, in which a dialog system produces generic
responses. The linguistically motivated RUQ diagnostic compares the model score
of a generic response to that of the reference response. We find that for
reasonable baseline models, `I don't know' is preferred over the reference the
majority of the time, but this can be reduced to less than 5% with
hyperparameter tuning. RUQ allows for the direct analysis of the `I don't know'
problem, which has been addressed but not analyzed by prior work.


  We study a potential genetic relationship of comets C/1846 O1 and C/1973 D1,
whose apparent orbital similarity was tested by Kresak (1982) only
statistically, using the Southworth-Hawkins (1963) criterion D. Our orbit
determination for C/1846 O1 shows its period was ~500 yr, ~30 times shorter
than that of C/1973 D1. Formerly unrecognized, this incongruity makes the
objects' common origin less likely. Long-term orbit integration suggests that,
if related, the two comets would have to have separated far away from the Sun
(probably ~700 AU) 21 millennia ago and, unlike C/1973 D1, C/1846 O1 would have
to have been subjected to a complex orbital evolution. Given the chance of
encountering Jupiter to ~0.6 AU some 400 days after perihelion, C/1846 O1 and
C/1973 D1 may have been perturbed, during their return in the 15th millennium
BCE, into orbits that were, respectively, smaller and larger than was the
parent's, with a net difference of more than 0.002 (AU)^{-1} in 1/a. Whereas
C/1973 D1 was on the way to its 1973 perihelion, C/1846 O1 should have been
subjected to recurring encounters with Jupiter, during which the orbital period
continued to shorten by integral multiples of the Jovian orbital period, a
process called high-order orbital-cascade resonance. While the integrated
perturbation effect of C/1846 O1 by Jupiter does not appear to reduce the
comet's orbital period to below ~1200 yr by the mid-19th century, we find that
orbital-cascade resonance offers an attractive mechanism for rapid inward
drifting of aphelion especially among dynamically new comets.


  We report an investigation of the superconducting states of
$\mathrm{Lu}_3\mathrm{Os}_4\mathrm{Ge}_{13}$ and
$\mathrm{Y}_3\mathrm{Ru}_4\mathrm{Ge}_{13}$ single crystals by measurements of
the electrical resistivity, ac susceptibility and London penetration depth. The
analysis of the penetration depth and the derived superfluid density indicates
the presence of nodeless superconductivity and suggest that there are multiple
superconducting gaps in both materials. Furthermore, ac susceptibility
measurements of both compounds display the peak effect in the low temperature
region of the $H-T$ phase diagram. This anomalous increase of the critical
current with field gives an indication of a change of the arrangement of flux
lines in the mixed state, as found in some of the isostructural stannide
materials.


  We performed a diabatization of the mutually perturbed $1^1\Pi$ and $2^1\Pi$
states of KRb based on both electronic structure calculation and direct
coupled-channel deperturbation analysis of experimental energies. The potential
energy curves (PECs) of the diabatic states and their scalar coupling were
constructed from the \textit{ab initio} adiabatic PECs by analytically
integrating the radial $\langle \psi_1^{ad}|\partial /\partial
R|\psi_2^{ad}\rangle$ matrix element obtained by a finite-difference method.
The diabatic potentials and electronic coupling function were refined by the
least squares fitting of the rovibronic termvalues of the $1^1\Pi\sim 2^1\Pi$
complex. The empirical PECs combined with the coupling function as well as the
diabatized spin-orbit coupling and transition dipole matrix elements are useful
for further deperturbation treatment of both singlet and triplet states
manifold.


  Using 11.6 pb^{-1} of data collected in the energy range 0.984--1.06 GeV by
CMD-2 at VEPP-2M, the cross section of the reaction e+e- to pi+pi-pi+pi- has
been studied. For the first time an interference pattern was observed in the
energy dependence of the cross section near the phi meson. The branching ratio
of the phi to pi+pi-pi+pi- decay double suppressed by the G-parity and OZI rule
is measured Br(phi to pi+pi-pi+pi-) = (3.93 +- 1.74 +- 2.14) \cdot 10^{-6}. The
upper limits have been placed for the decays phi to pi+pi-pi+pi-pi0 and phi to
eta pi+pi-
  Br(phi to pi+pi-pi+pi-pi0) < 4.6 \cdot 10^{-6} 90% CL,
  Br(phi to eta pi+pi-) < 1.8 \cdot 10^{-5} 90% CL.


  We introduce a four-parameter extended family of distributions related to the
wrapped Cauchy distribution on the circle. The proposed family can be derived
by altering the settings of a problem in Brownian motion which generates the
wrapped Cauchy. The densities of this family have a closed form and can be
symmetric or asymmetric depending on the choice of the parameters.
Trigonometric moments are available, and they are shown to have a simple form.
Further tractable properties of the model are obtained, many by utilizing the
trigonometric moments. Other topics related to the model, including alternative
derivations and M\"{o}bius transformation, are considered. Discussion of the
symmetric submodels is given. Finally, generalization to a family of
distributions on the sphere is briefly made.


  Many fundamental physical processes regarding planetary formation in
protoplanetary disks are still imperfectly understood, with an elusive
phenomenon being turbulence in such disks. Observations are available of
planetary systems and of some protoplanetary disks, which can serve as a
starting point for these investigations. Detected systems reveal different
architectures of planets. One particularly interesting case to consider is the
Kepler-223 system, which contains a rare configuration of four planets in a
resonance chain, implying a certain migration history. We aim to use the
orbital configuration of Kepler-223's planets to constrain the parameters of
the protoplanetary disk that allow for the formation of a chain of mean-motion
resonances that resembles the one of Kepler-223. The parameters we aim to
investigate are primarily the disk viscosity and surface density. We use the
swift_symba N-body integrator with additional dissipative forces to mimic
planet-disk interactions. We constrain the surface densities and viscosities
that allow the formation of a resonant chain like that of Kepler-223. We find
that surface densities of up to a few minimum mass solar nebula (MMSN) surface
densities and disk viscosity parameters $\alpha$ of a few $10^{-3}$ up to
$10^{-2}$ are most successful at reproducing the architecture of this
particular planetary system. We describe how these two quantities are linked to
each other considering the success of reproducing the chain and find that
higher disk surface densities in turn require lower viscosities to build the
chain. Our results show that well characterized observed planetary systems hold
information about their formation conditions in the protoplanetary disks and
that it is possible to extract this information, namely the initial disk
surface density and viscosity, helping to constrain planet formation.


  We discuss the spin susceptibility of superconductors in which a Cooper pair
consists of two electrons having the angular momentum J=3/2 due to strong
spin-orbit interactions. The susceptibility is calculated analytically for
pseudospin quintet states in a cubic superconductor within the linear response
to a Zeeman field. The susceptibility for $A_{1g}$ symmetry states is isotropic
in real space. For $E_g$ and $T_{2g}$ symmetry cases, the results depend
sensitively on choices of order parameter. The susceptibility is isotropic for
a $T_{2g}$ symmetry state, whereas it becomes anisotropic for an $E_{g} $
symmetry state. We also find in a $T_{2g}$ state that the susceptibility tensor
has off-diagonal elements.


  The predominant use of wireless access networks is for media streaming
applications, which are only gaining popularity as ever more devices become
available for this purpose. However, current access networks treat all packets
identically, and lack the agility to determine which clients are most in need
of service at a given time. Software reconfigurability of networking devices
has seen wide adoption, and this in turn implies that agile control policies
can be now instantiated on access networks. The goal of this work is to design,
develop and demonstrate FlowBazaar, an market-based approach to create a value
chain from the application on one side, to algorithms operating over
reconfigurable infrastructure on the other, so that applications are able to
obtain necessary resources for optimal performance. Using YouTube video
streaming as an example, we illustrate how FlowBazaar is able to adaptively
provide such resources and attain a high QoE for all clients at a wireless
access point.


  We present a study of the kinematics and the physical properties of the
central region of the Hickson Compact Group 31 (HCG 31), focusing on the HCG
31A+C system, using integral field spectroscopy data taken with the
Gemini-south telescope. The main players in the merging event (galaxies A and
C) are two dwarf galaxies that in the past have already had one close
encounter, given the observed tidal tails, and may now be in their second
approach, possibly about to merge. We present new velocity fields and H{\alpha}
emission, stellar continuum, velocity dispersion, electron density, H{\alpha}
equivalent width and age maps. Considering the high spatial resolution of the
IFU data, we were able to measure various components and estimate their
physical parameters, spatially resolving the different structures in this
region. Our main findings are the following: (1) we report for the first time
the presence of a super stellar cluster next to the burst associated to the HCG
31C central blob, related to the high values of velocity dispersion observed in
this region as well as to the highest value of stellar continuum emission. This
may suggest that this system is cleaning its environment through strong stellar
winds that may then trigger a strong star formation event in its neighborhood,
(2) among other physical parameters, we estimate an L(H{\alpha})~14x10^{41}
erg/s and a SFR~11 Msol/yr for the central merging region of HCG 31 A+C. These
values indicate a high star formation density, suggesting that the system is
part of a merging object, supporting previous scenarios proposed for this
system.


  We study quasinormal modes (QNMs) in 5D electrically charged Bardeen black
holes spacetime by considering the scalar and electromagnetic field
perturbations. The black holes spacetime is an exact solution of Einstein
gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics in five dimensions, which has
nonsingular behavior. To calculate QNMs, we use the WKB approximation method up
to sixth order. Due to the presence of electric charge $q_e > 0$, both the
scalar and electromagnetic field perturbations decay more slowly when compared
to the Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black holes. We discover that the scalar field
perturbations oscillate more rapidly when compared to the electromagnetic field
perturbations. In terms of damping, the scalar field perturbations damp more
quickly. Graphically we show that the transmission (reflection) coefficients
decrease (increase) with an increase in the magnitude of the electric charge
$q_e$. The emission of gravitational waves allows spacetime to undergo damped
oscillations due to the nonzero value of the imaginary part, which is always
negative. The imaginary part of the QNMs frequencies is continuously decreasing
with an increase in the magnitude of the electric charge $q_e$ for a given mode
($l,n$). A connection between the QNMs frequencies and the black hole shadow,
as well as the geometric cross-section in the eikonal limit, is also described.


  In many machine learning applications, it is necessary to meaningfully
aggregate, through alignment, different but related datasets. Optimal transport
(OT)-based approaches pose alignment as a divergence minimization problem: the
aim is to transform a source dataset to match a target dataset using the
Wasserstein distance as a divergence measure. We introduce a hierarchical
formulation of OT which leverages clustered structure in data to improve
alignment in noisy, ambiguous, or multimodal settings. To solve this
numerically, we propose a distributed ADMM algorithm that also exploits the
Sinkhorn distance, thus it has an efficient computational complexity that
scales quadratically with the size of the largest cluster. When the
transformation between two datasets is unitary, we provide performance
guarantees that describe when and how well aligned cluster correspondences can
be recovered with our formulation, as well as provide worst-case dataset
geometry for such a strategy. We apply this method to synthetic datasets that
model data as mixtures of low-rank Gaussians and study the impact that
different geometric properties of the data have on alignment. Next, we applied
our approach to a neural decoding application where the goal is to predict
movement directions and instantaneous velocities from populations of neurons in
the macaque primary motor cortex. Our results demonstrate that when clustered
structure exists in datasets, and is consistent across trials or time points, a
hierarchical alignment strategy that leverages such structure can provide
significant improvements in cross-domain alignment.


  Dispersion-free ultra-high order FFT-based Maxwell solvers have recently
proven to be paramount to a large range of applications, including the
high-fidelity modeling of high-intensity laser-matter interactions with
Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes. To enable a massively parallel scaling of these
solvers, a novel parallelization technique was recently proposed, which
consists in splitting the simulation domain into several processor sub-domains,
with guard regions appended at each sub-domain boundaries. Maxwell's equations
are advanced independently on each sub-domain using local shared-memory FFTs
(instead of a single distributed global FFT). This implies small truncation
errors at sub-domain boundaries, the amplitude of which depends on guard
regions sizes and order of the Maxwell solver. For a moderate number of guard
cells (<10) , this 'local' technique proved to be highly scalable on up to a
million cores. Yet, depending on the targeted applications, the number of guard
cells required to mitigate truncations errors might be very large, which would
severely limit the parallel efficiency of this technique due to the large
volume of guard cells to be exchanged between sub-domains. In this context, we
propose a novel 'hybrid' parallelization technique that ensures very good
scaling of FFT-based solvers with an arbitrarily high number of guard cells. It
consists in performing distributed FFTs on local groups of processors with
guard regions now appended to boundaries of each group of processors. A dual
domain decomposition method is used for the Maxwell solver and other parts of
the PIC cycle to keep the simulation load-balanced. This 'hybrid' technique was
implemented in the open source exascale library PICSAR. Benchmarks show that
for a large number of guard cells ($>16$), the 'hybrid' technique offers a
$\times 3$ speed-up and $\times 8$ memory savings compared to the 'local' one.


  Dynamic control of conductivity and optical properties via atomic structure
changes is of tremendous technological importance in information storage.
Energy consumption considerations provide a driving force toward employing thin
materials in devices. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are nearly
atomically-thin materials that can exist in multiple crystal structures, each
with distinct electrical properties. Using density functional approaches, we
discover that electrostatic gating device configurations have the potential to
drive structural semiconductor-to-semimetal phase transitions in some monolayer
transition metal dichalcogenides. For the first time, we show that the
dynamical control of this phase transition can be achieved in carefully
designed electronic devices. We discover that the semiconductor-to-semimetal
phase transition in monolayer MoTe2 can be driven by a gate voltage of several
Volts with appropriate choice of dielectric. Structural transitions in
monolayer TaSe2 are predicted to occur under similar conditions. While the
required field magnitudes are large for these two materials, we find that the
gate voltage for the transition can be reduced arbitrarily by alloying, e.g.
for MoxW1-xTe2 monolayers. We have developed a method for computing phase
diagrams of monolayer materials with respect to charge and voltage, validated
by comparing to direct calculations and experimental measurements. Our findings
identify a new physical mechanism, not existing in bulk materials, to
dynamically control structural phase transitions in two-dimensional materials,
enabling potential applications in phase-change electronic devices.


  In this paper, we take an in-depth look at the analytical structure of the
material transfer functions which govern acoustic and elastic response. These
include wavenumber ($\kappa$) in such media and refractive index ($n$), density
($\boldsymbol{\rho}$) and its inverse, stiffness ($\boldsymbol{C}$) and
compliance ($\boldsymbol{D}$) tensors as well as the Bulk modulus ($B$), and
finally the broader generalization of these properties which is now known as
the Willis tensor ($\boldsymbol{L}$). Our goal is to clarify the appropriate
dispersion relations applicable to these properties from the perspective of
passivity. Under some mild assumptions, causality ensures that these properties
are analytical in the upper half but deriving dispersion relations for them
requires one to know how they behave in the limit $|\omega|\rightarrow\infty$.
Unlike electromagnetism, such a determination cannot be made on physical
grounds since in that limit the continuum approximation breaks down. Instead,
we can exploit the properties of the Herglotz-Nevanlinna (H-N) functions along
with their tensorial counterparts which characterize the transfer functions of
certain passive systems and for which the appropriate dispersion relation is
known. Our aim, therefore, is to clarify the relationship that these transfer
functions have with Herglotz functions, which in turn determines the
appropriate dispersion relation for them. Our analysis shows that based upon
passivity alone, dispersion relations of \emph{minimum} order 1 apply to the
Fourier transforms of $\boldsymbol{D},\boldsymbol{\rho}, n'$, and the inverse
of $B$, order 3 apply to $\boldsymbol{C},B$, and the inverse of
$\boldsymbol{\rho}$, and order 2 applies to $\kappa$.


  We present a measurement of the average supermassive black hole accretion
rate (BHAR) as a function of star formation rate (SFR) for galaxies in the
redshift range 0.25<z<0.8. We study a sample of 1,767 far-IR selected
star-forming galaxies in the 9 deg^2 Bo\"otes multiwavelength survey field. The
SFR is estimated using 250 micron observations from the Herschel Space
Observatory, for which the contribution from the AGN is minimal. In this
sample, 121 AGNs are directly identified using X-ray or mid-IR selection
criteria. We combined these detected AGNs and an X-ray stacking analysis for
undetected sources to study the average BHAR for all of the star-forming
galaxies in our sample. We find an almost linear relation between the average
BHAR (in M_sun/year) and the SFR (in M_sun/year) for galaxies across a wide SFR
range 0.85<log SFR<2.56 : log BHAR=(-3.72\pm0.52)+(1.05\pm0.33) log SFR. This
global correlation between SFR and average BHAR is consistent with a simple
picture in which SFR and AGN activity are tightly linked over galaxy evolution
timescales.


  By building upon the recent theory that established the connection between
implicit generative modeling (IGM) and optimal transport, in this study, we
propose a novel parameter-free algorithm for learning the underlying
distributions of complicated datasets and sampling from them. The proposed
algorithm is based on a functional optimization problem, which aims at finding
a measure that is close to the data distribution as much as possible and also
expressive enough for generative modeling purposes. We formulate the problem as
a gradient flow in the space of probability measures. The connections between
gradient flows and stochastic differential equations let us develop a
computationally efficient algorithm for solving the optimization problem. We
provide formal theoretical analysis where we prove finite-time error guarantees
for the proposed algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed
algorithm is the first nonparametric IGM algorithm with explicit theoretical
guarantees. Our experimental results support our theory and show that our
algorithm is able to successfully capture the structure of different types of
data distributions.


  Magnitude is a numerical invariant of enriched categories, including in
particular metric spaces as $[0,\infty)$-enriched categories. We show that in
many cases magnitude can be categorified to a homology theory for enriched
categories, which we call magnitude homology (in fact, it is a special sort of
Hochschild homology), whose graded Euler characteristic is the magnitude.
Magnitude homology of metric spaces generalizes the Hepworth--Willerton
magnitude homology of graphs, and detects geometric information such as
convexity.


  Finsler metrics of scalar flag curvature play an important role to show the
complexity and richness of general Finsler metrics. In this paper, on an
$n$-dimensional manifold $M$ we study the Finsler metric $F=F(x,y)$ of scalar
flag curvature ${\bf K} = {\bf K}(x,y)$ and discover some equations ${\bf K}$
should be satisfied. As an application, we mainly study the metric $F$ of
weakly isotropic flag curvature ${\bf K} = \frac{3 \theta}{F} + \sigma$, where
$\theta=\theta_i(x) y^i \neq 0$ is a $1$-form and $\sigma =\sigma(x)$ is a
scalar function. We prove that in this case, $F$ must be a Randers metric when
$dim(M) \geq 3$. Further, without the restriction on the dimension we prove
that projectively flat Finsler metrics of such weakly isotropic flag curvature
are Randers metrics too.


  In this note we define fibrations of topological stacks and establish their
main properties. We prove various standard results about fibrations (fiber
homotopy exact sequence, Leray-Serre and Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequences,
etc.). We prove various criteria for a morphism of topological stacks to be a
fibration, and use these to produce examples of fibrations. We prove that every
morphism of topological stacks factors through a fibration and construct the
homotopy fiber of a morphism of topological stacks. When restricted to
topological spaces our notion of fibration coincides with the classical one.


  Objectives: Clinical prediction models (CPMs) can inform decision-making
concerning treatment initiation. Here, one requires predicted risks assuming
that no treatment is given. This is challenging since CPMs are often derived in
datasets where patients receive treatment; moreover, treatment can commence
post-baseline - treatment drop-ins. This study presents a novel approach of
using marginal structural models (MSMs) to adjust for treatment drop-in.
  Study Design and Setting: We illustrate the use of MSMs in the CPM framework
through simulation studies, representing randomised controlled trials and
observational data. The simulations include a binary treatment and a covariate,
each recorded at two timepoints and having a prognostic effect on a binary
outcome. The bias in predicted risk was examined in a model ignoring treatment,
a model fitted on treatment na\"ive patients (at baseline), a model including
baseline treatment, and the MSM.
  Results: In all simulation scenarios, all models except the MSM
under-estimated the risk of outcome given absence of treatment. Consequently,
CPMs that do not acknowledge treatment drop-in can lead to under-allocation of
treatment.
  Conclusion: When developing CPMs to predict treatment-na\"ive risk, authors
should consider using MSMs to adjust for treatment drop-in. MSMs also allow
estimation of individual treatment effects.


  Changing-look Active Galactic Nuclei (CL-AGNs) are a subset of AGNs in which
the broad Balmer emission lines appear or disappear within a few years. We use
the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey to
identify five CL-AGNs. The 2-D photometric and kinematic maps reveal common
features as well as some unusual properties of CL-AGN hosts as compared to the
AGN hosts in general. All MaNGA CL-AGNs reside in the star-forming main
sequence, similar to MaNGA non-changing-look AGNs (NCL-AGNs). The $80\% \pm
16\%$ of our CL-AGNs do possess pseudo-bulge features, and follow the overall
NCL-AGNs $M_{BH}-\sigma_{*}$ relationship. The kinematic measurements indicate
that they have similar distributions in the plane of angular momentum versus
galaxy ellipticity. MaNGA CL-AGNs however show a higher, but not statistically
significant ($20\% \pm 16\%$) fraction of counter-rotating features compared to
that ($1.84\% \pm 0.61\%$) in general star-formation population. In addition,
MaNGA CL-AGNs favor more face-on (axis ratio $>$ 0.7) than that of Type I
NCL-AGNs. These results suggest that host galaxies could play a role in the
CL-AGN phenomenon.


  We establish several sum-product estimates over finite fields that involve
polynomials and rational functions. First, |f(A)+f(A)|+|AA| is substantially
larger than |A| for an arbitrary polynomial f over F_p. Second, a
characterization is given for the rational functions f and g for which
|f(A)+f(A)|+|g(A,A)| can be as small as |A|, for large |A|. Third, we show that
under mild conditions on f, |f(A,A)| is substantially larger than |A|, provided
|A| is large. We also present a conjecture on what the general sum-product
result should be.


  We determine the structure of the Parisi measure at zero temperature for the
spherical p+s spin glass model. We show that depending on the values of p and
s, four scenarios may emerge, including the existence of 1-FRSB and 2-FRSB
phases as predicted by Crisanti and Leuzzi [10, 11]. We also provide
consequences for the model at low temperature.


  We propose the redistribution-reconfiguration~(red-rec) algorithm to
efficiently compute control protocols to assemble compact-centered
configurations of atoms in two-dimensional arrays of optical traps with lattice
geometries. The red-rec algorithm redistributes atoms among pairs of
donor-receiver columns and reconfigures each column using an exact
displacement-minimizing algorithm, harnessing parallel control operations that
simultaneously actuate multiple traps to reduce the execution time. We
numerically quantify the performance of the red-rec algorithm, both in the
absence and in the presence of loss, using realistic physical parameters and
operational constraints. We show that the number of traps required to prepare a
compact-centered configuration of atoms on a grid with a mean success
probability of one half scales as the 3/2 power of the number of desired atoms,
highlighting the challenges of assembling configurations of tens of thousands
of atoms. We further demonstrate that faster preparation times can be achieved
by rejecting configurations of atoms containing fewer atoms than a given
threshold. The red-rec algorithm admits an efficient implementation that can
readily be deployed on real-time control systems to assemble large
configurations of atoms with high mean success probability and fast preparation
times.


  A significant lower limit on the mass of the lightest neutralino \chi can be
obtained by combining the results from sparticle searches at LEP at
centre-of-mass energies up to 172 GeV with cosmological considerations, if it
is assumed that the \chi is stable. Exclusion domains from slepton searches
close m_\chi \sim 0 loopholes that were left open by previous lower-energy LEP
searches for charginos and neutralinos, leading to the lower limit $m_\chi \ga
17$ GeV. The constraints on supersymmetric parameter space are strengthened
significantly if LEP constraints on supersymmetric Higgs bosons are taken into
account, and further if the relic neutralino density is required to fall within
the range favoured by astrophysics and cosmology. These bounds are considerably
strengthened if universality at the GUT scale is assumed for soft
supersymmetry-breaking scalar masses, including those of the Higgs bosons. In
this case, the Higgs searches play a dramatic role, and we find that m_\chi \ga
40 GeV. Furthermore, we find that if tan\beta \la 1.7 for \mu<0, or tan\beta
\la 1.4 for \mu >0, the cosmological relic density is too large for all values
of m_\chi.


  CatWISE is a program to catalog sources selected from combined ${\it WISE}$
and ${\it NEOWISE}$ all-sky survey data at 3.4 and 4.6 $\mu$m (W1 and W2). The
CatWISE Preliminary Catalog consists of 900,849,014 sources measured in data
collected from 2010 to 2016. This dataset represents four times as many
exposures and spans over ten times as large a time baseline as that used for
the AllWISE Catalog. CatWISE adapts AllWISE software to measure the sources in
coadded images created from six-month subsets of these data, each representing
one coverage of the inertial sky, or epoch. The catalog includes the measured
motion of sources in 8 epochs over the 6.5 year span of the data. From
comparison to ${\it Spitzer}$, the SNR=5 limits in magnitudes in the Vega
system are W1=17.67 and W2=16.47, compared to W1=16.96 and W2=16.02 for
AllWISE. From comparison to ${\it Gaia}$, CatWISE positions have typical
accuracies of 50 mas for stars at W1=10 mag and 275 mas for stars at W1=15.5
mag. Proper motions have typical accuracies of 10 mas yr$^{-1}$ and 30 mas
yr$^{-1}$ for stars with these brightnesses, an order of magnitude better than
from AllWISE. The catalog is available in the WISE/NEOWISE Enhanced and
Contributed Products area of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive.


  Sobolev-type inequalities have been extensively studied in the frameworks of
real-valued functions and non-commutative $\mathbb{L}_p$ spaces, and have
proven useful in bounding the time evolution of classical/quantum Markov
processes, among many other applications. In this paper, we consider yet
another fundamental setting - matrix-valued functions - and prove new
Sobolev-type inequalities for them. Our technical contributions are two-fold:
(i) we establish a series of matrix Poincar\'e inequalities for separably
convex functions and general functions with Gaussian unitary ensembles inputs;
and (ii) we derive $\Phi$-Sobolev inequalities for matrix-valued functions
defined on Boolean hypercubes and for those with Gaussian distributions. Our
results recover the corresponding classical inequalities (i.e.~real-valued
functions) when the matrix has one dimension. Finally, as an application of our
technical outcomes, we derive the upper bounds for a fundamental entropic
quantity - the Holevo quantity - in quantum information science since
classical-quantum channels are a special instance of matrix-valued functions.
This is obtained through the equivalence between the constants in the strong
data processing inequality and the $\Phi$-Sobolev inequality.


  Phase transitions in 1/4-filled quasi-one-dimensional molecular conductors
are studied theoretically on the basis of extended Hubbard chains including
electron-lattice interactions coupled by interchain Coulomb repulsion. We apply
the numerical quantum transfer-matrix method to an effective one-dimensional
model, treating the interchain term within mean-field approximation.
Finite-temperature properties are investigated for the charge ordering, the
"dimer Mott" transition (bond dimerization), and the spin-Peierls transition
(bond tetramerization). A coexistent state of charge order and bond
dimerization exhibiting dielectricity is predicted in a certain parameter
range, even when intrinsic dimerization is absent.


  Community detection refers to finding densely connected groups of nodes in
graphs. In important applications, such as cluster analysis and network
modelling, the graph is sparse but outliers and heavy-tailed noise may obscure
its structure. We propose a new method for Sparsity-aware Robust Community
Detection (SPARCODE). Starting from a densely connected and outlier-corrupted
graph, we first extract a preliminary sparsity improved graph model where we
optimize the level of sparsity by mapping the coordinates from different
clusters such that the distance of their embedding is maximal. Then, undesired
edges are removed and the graph is constructed robustly by detecting the
outliers using the connectivity of nodes in the improved graph model. Finally,
fast spectral partitioning is performed on the resulting robust sparse graph
model. The number of communities is estimated using modularity optimization on
the partitioning results. We compare the performance to popular graph and
cluster-based community detection approaches on a variety of benchmark network
and cluster analysis data sets. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our
method consistently finds the correct number of communities and outperforms
existing methods in terms of detection performance, robustness and modularity
score while requiring a reasonable computation time.


  Quantum anticipation explorer is a computer program allowing the numerical
exploration of quantum anticipation which has been analyzed in arXiv:0810.183v1
and arXiv:1003.1090v1 for H-Atom, equidistant, random and custom spectra. This
tool determines the anticipation strength at those times orthogonal evolution
is possible. This paper is the user's guide explaining its capabilities,
installation and usage, and documenting the mathematics and algorithms
implemented in the software. A zip file containing the setup and documentation
can be downloaded from
http://www.thomannconsulting.ch/public/aboutus/aboutus-en.htm free of cost.


  The process of environmental oxidation is pivotal in determining the physical
and chemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Its impact holds
great significance for the practical application of these materials in
nanoscale devices functioning under ambient conditions. This study delves into
the influence of O2 and O3 exposure on the structural and electronic
characteristics of the C2N monolayer, focusing on the kinetics of adsorption
and dissociation reactions. Employing first-principles density functional
theory calculations alongside climbing image nudged elastic band calculations,
we observe that the C2N monolayer exhibits resistance to oxidation and
ozonation, evidenced by energy barriers of 0.05 eV and 0.56 eV, respectively.
These processes are accompanied by the formation of epoxide (C-O-C) groups.
Furthermore, the dissociation mechanism involves charge transfers from the
monolayer to the molecules. Notably, the dissociated configurations demonstrate
higher bandgaps compared to the pristine C2N monolayer, attributed to robust
C-O hybridization. These findings suggest the robustness of C2N monolayers
against oxygen/ozone exposures, ensuring stability for devices incorporating
these materials.


  A detailed numerical stability analysis of the static, spherically symmetric
globally regular solutions of the Einstein-Yang-Mills equations with a positive
cosmological constant, Lambda, is carried out. It is found that the number of
unstable modes in the even parity sector is n for solutions with n=1,2 nodes as
Lambda varies. The solution with n=3 nodes exhibits a rather surprising
behaviour in that the number of its unstable modes jumps from 3 to 1 as Lambda
crosses (from below) a critical value. In particular the topologically 3-sphere
type solution with n=3 nodes has only a single unstable mode.


  In cyber-physical systems, malicious and resourceful attackers could
penetrate the system through cyber means and cause significant physical damage.
Consequently, detection of such attacks becomes integral towards making these
systems resilient to attacks. To achieve this objective, intrusion detection
systems (IDS) that are able to detect malicious behavior can be deployed.
However, practical IDS are imperfect and sometimes they may produce false
alarms for a normal system behavior. Since alarms need to be investigated for
any potential damage, a large number of false alarms may increase the
operational costs significantly. Thus, IDS need to be configured properly, as
oversensitive IDS could detect attacks early but at the cost of a higher number
of false alarms. Similarly, IDS with low sensitivity could reduce the false
alarms while increasing the time to detect the attacks. The configuration of
IDS to strike the right balance between time to detecting attacks and the rate
of false positives is a challenging task, especially in dynamic environments,
in which the damage incurred by a successful attack is time-varying.
  In this paper, we study the problem of finding optimal detection thresholds
for anomaly-based detectors implemented in dynamical systems in the face of
strategic attacks. We formulate the problem as an attacker-defender security
game, and determine thresholds for the detector to achieve an optimal trade-off
between the detection delay and the false positive rates. In this direction,
first, we provide an algorithm that computes optimal fixed threshold that
remains fixed throughout. Second, we allow detector's threshold to change with
time to further minimize the defender's loss and provide an algorithm to
compute time-varying thresholds, which we call adaptive thresholds. Finally, we
numerically evaluate our results using a water distribution network as a
case-study.


  The dynamics of partons, hadrons and strings in relativistic nucleus-nucleus
collisions is analyzed within the novel Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD)
transport approach, which is based on a dynamical quasiparticle model for
partons (DQPM) matched to reproduce recent lattice-QCD results -- including the
partonic equation of state -- in thermodynamic equilibrium. The transition from
partonic to hadronic degrees of freedom is described by covariant transition
rates for the fusion of quark-antiquark pairs or three quarks (antiquarks),
respectively, obeying flavor current-conservation, color neutrality as well as
energy-momentum conservation. In order to explore the space-time regions of
'partonic matter' the PHSD approach is applied to nucleus-nucleus collisions
from SPS to RHIC energies. Detailed comparisons are presented for hadronic
rapidity spectra and transverse mass distributions. The traces of partonic
interactions are found in particular in the elliptic flow of hadrons as well as
in an approximate quark-number scaling at the top RHIC energy.


  We provide a framework for compositional and iterative design and
verification of systems with quantitative information, such as rewards, time or
energy. It is based on disjunctive modal transition systems where we allow
actions to bear various types of quantitative information. Throughout the
design process the actions can be further refined and the information made more
precise. We show how to compute the results of standard operations on the
systems, including the quotient (residual), which has not been previously
considered for quantitative non-deterministic systems. Our quantitative
framework has close connections to the modal nu-calculus and is compositional
with respect to general notions of distances between systems and the standard
operations.


  This paper presents Area coverage of homogenous wireless sensor network using
computational geometry. The concepts related to both coverage wireless sensor
network and computational geometry have been introduced. Then, the problem has
been formulated. After that, current proposed algorithms of hole detection and
healing have been investigated and discussed. This survey has two aims:
firstly, to explore effectiveness of computational geometry to deal with
wireless sensor network coverage problems. Secondly, it will direct scholars
who want to enable computational geometry solutions in coverage Wireless sensor
network problems.


  Simultaneous multiwavelength observations were conducted for the BL Lac
object 1ES1959+650 in a steady state in May 2006 with the MAGIC telescope and
the X-ray satellites Suzaku and Swift. Swift can also provide multi-filter
photometry in the UV-optical band. The source was clearly detected in all
observed energy bands, from the optical to TeV. With respect to previous
observations the source was in a low state in the very high energy (VHE) band
(~10% Crab flux above 300 GeV) but in a relatively high state in the X-ray
band. The light curves showed rather stable activities, with no significant
variability in the VHE gamma-ray emission and small variability (~10%
amplitude) in the X-ray band. The observed spectral energy distribution in the
steady state can be described by a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model.


  Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables amortized Bayesian inference for
simulators with implicit likelihoods. But when we are primarily interested in
the quality of predictive simulations, or when the model cannot exactly
reproduce the observed data (i.e., is misspecified), targeting the Bayesian
posterior may be overly restrictive. Generalized Bayesian Inference (GBI) aims
to robustify inference for (misspecified) simulator models, replacing the
likelihood-function with a cost function that evaluates the goodness of
parameters relative to data. However, GBI methods generally require running
multiple simulations to estimate the cost function at each parameter value
during inference, making the approach computationally infeasible for even
moderately complex simulators. Here, we propose amortized cost estimation (ACE)
for GBI to address this challenge: We train a neural network to approximate the
cost function, which we define as the expected distance between simulations
produced by a parameter and observed data. The trained network can then be used
with MCMC to infer GBI posteriors for any observation without running
additional simulations. We show that, on several benchmark tasks, ACE
accurately predicts cost and provides predictive simulations that are closer to
synthetic observations than other SBI methods, especially for misspecified
simulators. Finally, we apply ACE to infer parameters of the Hodgkin-Huxley
model given real intracellular recordings from the Allen Cell Types Database.
ACE identifies better data-matching parameters while being an order of
magnitude more simulation-efficient than a standard SBI method. In summary, ACE
combines the strengths of SBI methods and GBI to perform robust and
simulation-amortized inference for scientific simulators.


  We show that the Hardy nonlocality condition is equivalent to the violation
of the CHSH inequality with additional constraints. We adapt the geometrical
optimization of the violation of the CHSH inequality to these additional
constraints and show that the Hardy condition is equivalent to optimizing the
length difference of two sides in a triangle. Furthermore, we discuss the
effects of the different constraints.


  We present results for the light quark masses obtained from a lattice QCD
simulation with N_f=2 degenerate Wilson dynamical quark flavours. The sea quark
masses of our lattice, of spacing a ~ 0.06 fm, are relatively heavy, i.e., they
cover the range corresponding to 0.60 <~ M_P/M_V <~ 0.75. After implementing
the non-perturbative RI-MOM method to renormalise quark masses, we obtain
m_{ud}^{MS}(2 GeV)=4.3 +- 0.4^{+1.1}_{-0} MeV, and m_s^{MS}(2 GeV)=101 +-
8^{+25}_{-0} MeV, which are about 15% larger than they would be if renormalised
perturbatively. In addition, we show that the above results are compatible with
those obtained in a quenched simulation with a similar lattice.


  Kernel-based regularized risk minimizers, also called support vector machines
(SVMs), are known to possess many desirable properties but suffer from their
super-linear computational requirements when dealing with large data sets. This
problem can be tackled by using localized SVMs instead, which also offer the
additional advantage of being able to apply different hyperparameters to
different regions of the input space. In this paper, localized SVMs are
analyzed with regards to their consistency. It is proven that they inherit
$L_p$- as well as risk consistency from global SVMs under very weak conditions
and even if the regions underlying the localized SVMs are allowed to change as
the size of the training data set increases.


  In recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of scientific machine
learning as a data-driven tool for the analysis, by means of deep-learning
techniques, of data produced by computational science and engineering
applications. At the core of these methods is the supervised training algorithm
to learn the neural network realization, a highly non-convex optimization
problem that is usually solved using stochastic gradient methods. However,
distinct from deep-learning practice, scientific machine-learning training
problems feature a much larger volume of smooth data and better
characterizations of the empirical risk functions, which make them suited for
conventional solvers for unconstrained optimization. We introduce a lightweight
software framework built on top of the Portable and Extensible Toolkit for
Scientific computation to bridge the gap between deep-learning software and
conventional solvers for unconstrained minimization. We empirically demonstrate
the superior efficacy of a trust region method based on the Gauss-Newton
approximation of the Hessian in improving the generalization errors arising
from regression tasks when learning surrogate models for a wide range of
scientific machine-learning techniques and test cases. All the conventional
second-order solvers tested, including L-BFGS and inexact Newton with
line-search, compare favorably, either in terms of cost or accuracy, with the
adaptive first-order methods used to validate the surrogate models.


  The purpose of this communication is twofold. First, it clarifies the origin
of the power law obtained in the computer simulations presented in A.-L.
Barabasi, Nature 435 207-211 (2005) as well as presenting a statistically more
sound analysis of the experimental email data used in that paper and in [4].
The second purpose is to clarify the origin of the the suggestion of power law
probability distribution for the response times of humans presented with a
piece of new information either as a news event or through the reception of an
email.


  We develop refinements of the Levenshtein bound in $q$-ary Hamming spaces by
taking into account the discrete nature of the distances versus the continuous
behavior of certain parameters used by Levenshtein. The first relevant cases
are investigated in detail and new bounds are presented. In particular, we
derive generalizations and $q$-ary analogs of a MacEliece bound. We provide
evidence that our approach is as good as the complete linear programming and
discuss how faster are our calculations. Finally, we present a table with
parameters of codes which, if exist, would attain our bounds.


  This work re-examines a classical construction of a 2-connected (simple)
graph where every intermediate graph is 2-connected before detailing an
analogous construction for 3-connected graphs which requires a graph
equivalence relation $\sim_2$ and a related concept of the $\sim_2$-core of a
graph. The case of $k$-connected graphs for $k\geq 4$ is also addressed.


  We complete the procedure of extracting parton distribution functions (PDFs)
using large momentum effective theory (LaMET) at leading power accuracy in the
hadron momentum. We derive a general factorization formula for the quasi PDFs
in the presence of mixing, and give the corresponding hard matching kernel at
$\mathcal O(\alpha_s)$, both for the unpolarized and for the polarized quark
and gluon quasi-PDFs. Our calculation is performed in a
regularization-independent momentum subtraction scheme. The results allow us to
match the nonperturbatively renormalized quasi-PDFs to normal PDFs in the
presence of mixing, and therefore can be used to extract flavor-singlet quark
PDFs as well as gluon PDFs from lattice simulations.


  Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULX) have so high X-ray luminosities that they
were long thought to be accreting intermediate mass black holes. Yet, some ULX
have been shown to display periodic modulations and coherent pulsations,
suggestive of a neutron star in orbit around a stellar companion and accreting
at super-Eddington rates. In this letter, we propose that the mass transfer in
ULX could be qualitatively the same as in Supergiant X-ray binaries (SgXB),
with a wind from the donor star highly beamed towards the compact object. Since
the star does not fill its Roche lobe, this mass transfer mechanism known as
"wind Roche lobe overflow" can remain stable even for large mass ratios. Based
on realistic acceleration profiles derived from spectral observations and
modeling of the stellar wind, we compute the bulk motion of the wind to
evaluate the fraction of the stellar mass outflow captured by the compact
object. We identify the orbital and stellar conditions for a SgXB to transfer
mass at rates matching the expectations for ULX and show that the transition
from SgXB to ULX luminosity levels is progressive. These results indicate that
a high stellar Roche lobe filling factor is not necessary to funnel large
quantities of material into the Roche lobe of the accretor. Large stellar mass
loss rates such as the ones from the Wolf-Rayet star in M101 ULX-1 or the late
B9 Supergiant in NGC 7793 P13 are enough to lead to a highly beamed wind and a
significantly enhanced mass transfer rate.


  We are concerned with a control problem related to the vanishing
\emph{fractional} viscosity approximation to scalar conservation laws. We
investigate the $\Gamma$-convergence of the control cost functional, as the
viscosity coefficient tends to zero.


  The family of molecular conductors TMTTF/TMTSF-X demonstrates almost all
known electronic phases in parallel with a set of weak structural modifications
of anion ordering and mysterious structureless transitions. Only in early
2000's their nature became elucidated by discoveries of a huge anomaly in the
dielectric permittivity and by the NMR evidences for the charge ordering
(disproportionation). These observations have been interpreted as the never
expected ferroelectric transition. The phenomenon unifies a variety of
different concepts and observations in quite unusual aspects or conjunctions:
ferroelectricity of good conductors, structural instability towards the
Mott-Hubbard state, Wigner crystallization in a dense electronic system, the
ordered 4K_F density wave, richness of physics of solitons, interplay of
structural and electronic symmetries. The corresponding theory of the "combined
Mott-Hubbard state" deals with orthogonal contributions to the Umklapp
scattering of electrons coming from the two symmetry breaking effects: the
build-in nonequivalence of bonds and the spontaneous nonequivalence of sites.
The state gives rise to several types of solitons, all of them showing in
experiments. On this basis we can interpret the complex of existing
experiments, and suggest some future ones, such as optical absorption and
photoconductivity, combined ferroelectric resonance and the phonon
anti-resonance, plasma frequency reduction.


  We discuss how the thermalization of an elementary quantum system is modified
when the system is placed in an environment out of thermal equilibrium. To this
aim we provide a detailed investigation of the dynamics of an atomic system
placed close to a body of arbitrary geometry and dielectric permittivity, whose
temperature $T_M$ is different from that of the surrounding walls $T_W$. A
suitable master equation for the general case of an $N$-level atom is first
derived and then specialized to the cases of a two- and three-level atom.
Transition rates and steady states are explicitly expressed as a function of
the scattering matrices of the body and become both qualitatively and
quantitatively different from the case of radiation at thermal equilibrium. Out
of equilibrium, the system steady state depends on the system-body distance, on
the geometry of the body and on the interplay of all such parameters with the
body optical resonances. While a two-level atom tends toward a thermal state,
this is not the case already in the presence of three atomic levels. This
peculiar behavior can be exploited, for example, to invert the populations
ordering and to provide an efficient cooling mechanism for the internal state
of the quantum system. We finally provide numerical studies and asymptotic
expressions when the body is a slab of finite thickness. Our predictions can be
relevant for a wide class of experimental configurations out of thermal
equilibrium involving different physical realizations of two or three-level
systems.


  Scintillation of compact radio sources results from the interference between
images caused by multipath propagation, and probes the intervening scattering
plasma and the velocities of the emitting source and scattering screen. In
FRB20201124A, a repeating fast radio burst (FRB) which entered a period of
extreme activity, we obtained many burst detections in observations at the
upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) and the Effelsberg 100\,m
Radio Telescope. Bursts nearby in time show similar scintillation patterns, and
we measure a scintillation timescale of $14.3\pm1.2$\,min and $7\pm2$\,min at
Effelsberg (1370\,MHz) and uGMRT (650\,MHz), respectively, by correlating burst
pair spectra. The scintillation bandwidth scaled to 1\,GHz is $0.5\pm0.1$\,MHz,
and the inferred scintillation velocity at Effelsberg is
$V_{\mathrm{ISS}}\approx (59\pm7) \sqrt{d_{l}/2\,\rm{kpc}}~{\rm km~s}^{-1}$,
higher than Earth's velocity for any screen beyond a lens distance of $d_{l}
\gtrsim 400\,$pc. From the measured scintillation bandwidth, FRB20201124A has
comparatively lower scattering than nearby pulsars, and is underscattered by a
factor of $\sim 30$ or $\sim 1200$ compared to the NE2001 and YMW16 model
predictions respectively. This underscattering, together with the measured
scintillation velocity are consistent with a scattering screen more nearby the
Earth at $d_{l} \sim 400\,$pc, rather than at the 2\,kpc spiral arm which
NE2001 predicts to be the dominant source of scattering. With future
measurements, the distance, geometry, and velocity of the scattering screen
could be obtained through modelling of the annual variation in $V_{\rm ISS}$,
or through inter-station time delays or interferometric observations.
Scintillation/scattering measurements of FRBs could help improve Galactic
electron density models, particularly in the Galactic halo or at high Galactic
latitudes.


  With the popularity of the deep neural network (DNN), hardware accelerators
are demanded for real time execution. However, lengthy design process and fast
evolving DNN models make hardware evaluation hard to meet the time to market
need. This paper proposes a pre-RTL DNN hardware evaluator that supports
conventional layer-by-layer processing as well as the fused layer processing
for low external bandwidth requirement. The evaluator supports two
state-of-the-art accelerator architectures and finds the best hardware and
layer fusion group The experimental results show the layer fusion scheme can
achieve 55.6% memory bandwidth reduction, 36.7% latency improvement and 49.2%
energy reduction compared with layer-by-layer operation.


  We consider strongly-convex-strongly-concave saddle-point problems with
general non-bilinear objective and different condition numbers with respect to
the primal and the dual variables. First, we consider such problems with smooth
composite terms, one of which having finite-sum structure. For this setting we
propose a variance reduction algorithm with complexity estimates superior to
the existing bounds in the literature. Second, we consider finite-sum
saddle-point problems with composite terms and propose several algorithms
depending on the properties of the composite terms. When the composite terms
are smooth we obtain better complexity bounds than the ones in the literature,
including the bounds of a recently proposed nearly-optimal algorithms which do
not consider the composite structure of the problem. If the composite terms are
prox-friendly, we propose a variance reduction algorithm that, on the one hand,
is accelerated compared to existing variance reduction algorithms and, on the
other hand, provides in the composite setting similar complexity bounds to the
nearly-optimal algorithm which is designed for non-composite setting. Besides
that, our algorithms allow to separate the complexity bounds, i.e. estimate,
for each part of the objective separately, the number of oracle calls that is
sufficient to achieve a given accuracy. This is important since different parts
can have different arithmetic complexity of the oracle, and it is desired to
call expensive oracles less often than cheap oracles. The key thing to all
these results is our general framework for saddle-point problems, which may be
of independent interest. This framework, in turn is based on our proposed
Accelerated Meta-Algorithm for composite optimization with probabilistic
inexact oracles and probabilistic inexactness in the proximal mapping, which
may be of independent interest as well.


  We present a detailed analysis of the structure dependence of the lattice
thermal conductivity of SrTiO3. We have used both ab initio Molecular Dynamic
simulations and Density Functional Theory calculations to decouple the effect
of different structural distortions on the thermal conductivity. We have
identified two main mechanisms for tuning the thermal conductivity when a
distortion is applied. First, the modification of the acoustic-modes energy
dispersion when a change in the lattice parameters is imposed and second, the
low energy polar modes. In particular and counterintuitively, we have found
that an increase in the angle of the oxygen octahedral rotations increases the
thermal conductivity due to its coupling to these polar modes.


  We present measurements of the excess mass-to-light ratio measured
aroundMaxBCG galaxy clusters observed in the SDSS. This red sequence cluster
sample includes objects from small groups with masses ranging from ~5x10^{12}
to ~10^{15} M_{sun}/h. Using cross-correlation weak lensing, we measure the
excess mass density profile above the universal mean \Delta \rho(r) = \rho(r) -
\bar{\rho} for clusters in bins of richness and optical luminosity. We also
measure the excess luminosity density \Delta l(r) = l(r) - \bar{l} measured in
the z=0.25 i-band. For both mass and light, we de-project the profiles to
produce 3D mass and light profiles over scales from 25 kpc/ to 22 Mpc/h. From
these profiles we calculate the cumulative excess mass M(r) and excess light
L(r) as a function of separation from the BCG. On small scales, where \rho(r)
>> \bar{\rho}, the integrated mass-to-light profile may be interpreted as the
cluster mass-to-light ratio. We find the M/L_{200}, the mass-to-light ratio
within r_{200}, scales with cluster mass as a power law with index 0.33+/-0.02.
On large scales, where \rho(r) ~ \bar{\rho}, the M/L approaches an asymptotic
value independent of cluster richness. For small groups, the mean M/L_{200} is
much smaller than the asymptotic value, while for large clusters it is
consistent with the asymptotic value. This asymptotic value should be
proportional to the mean mass-to-light ratio of the universe <M/L>. We find
<M/L>/b^2_{ml} = 362+/-54 h (statistical). There is additional uncertainty in
the overall calibration at the ~10% level. The parameter b_{ml} is primarily a
function of the bias of the L <~ L_* galaxies used as light tracers, and should
be of order unity. Multiplying by the luminosity density in the same bandpass
we find \Omega_m/b^2_{ml} = 0.02+/-0.03, independent of the Hubble parameter.


  In the context of the minimal supersymmetric seesaw model, the CP-violating
neutrino Yukawa couplings might induce an electron EDM. The same interactions
may also be responsible for the generation of the observed baryon asymmetry of
the Universe via leptogenesis. We identify in a model-independent way those
patterns within the seesaw models which predict an electron EDM at a level
probed by planned laboratory experiments and show that negative searches on
\tau-> e \gamma decay may provide the strongest upper bound on the electron
EDM. We also conclude that a possible future detection of the electron EDM is
incompatible with thermal leptogenesis, even when flavour effects are accounted
for.


  With the rise of cheap small-cells in wireless cellular networks, there are
new opportunities for third party providers to service local regions via
sharing arrangements with traditional operators. In fact, such arrangements are
highly desirable for large facilities---such as stadiums, universities, and
mines---as they already need to cover property costs, and often have fibre
backhaul and efficient power infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a new
network sharing arrangement between large facilities and traditional operators.
Our facility network sharing arrangement consists of two aspects: leasing of
core network access and spectrum from traditional operators; and service
agreements with users. Importantly, our incorporation of a user service
agreement into the arrangement means that resource allocation must account for
financial as well as physical resource constraints. This introduces a new
non-trivial dimension into wireless network resource allocation, which requires
a new evaluation framework---the data rate is no longer the only main
performance metric. Moreover, despite clear economic incentives to adopt
network sharing for facilities, a business case is lacking. As such, we develop
a general socio-technical evaluation framework based on ruin-theory, where the
key metric for the sharing arrangement is the probability that the facility has
less than zero revenue surplus. We then use our framework to evaluate our
facility network sharing arrangement, which offers guidance for leasing and
service agreement negotiations, as well as design of the wireless network
architecture, taking into account network revenue streams.


  We show that a wide range of spin clusters with antiferromagnetic
intracluster exchange interaction allows one to define a qubit. For these spin
cluster qubits, initialization, quantum gate operation, and readout are
possible using the same techniques as for single spins. Quantum gate operation
for the spin cluster qubit does not require control over the intracluster
exchange interaction. Electric and magnetic fields necessary to effect quantum
gates need only be controlled on the length scale of the spin cluster rather
than the scale for a single spin. Here, we calculate the energy gap separating
the logical qubit states from the next excited state and the matrix elements
which determine quantum gate operation times. We discuss spin cluster qubits
formed by one- and two-dimensional arrays of s=1/2 spins as well as clusters
formed by spins s>1/2. We illustrate the advantages of spin cluster qubits for
various suggested implementations of spin qubits and analyze the scaling of
decoherence time with spin cluster size.


  Statistical description of stochastic dynamics in highly unstable potentials
is strongly affected by properties of divergent trajectories, that quickly
leave meta-stable regions of the potential landscape and never return. Using
ideas from theory of Q-processes and quasi-stationary distributions, we analyze
position statistics of non-diverging trajectories. We discuss two limit
distributions which can be considered as (formal) generalizations of the Gibbs
canonical distribution to highly unstable systems. Even though the associated
effective potentials differ only slightly, properties of the two distributions
are fundamentally different for all highly unstable system. The distribution
for trajectories conditioned to diverge in an infinitely distant future is
localized and light-tailed. The other distribution, describing trajectories
surviving in the meta-stable region at the instant of conditioning, is
heavy-tailed. The exponent of the corresponding power-law tail is determined by
the leading divergent term of the unstable potential. We discuss different
equivalent forms of the two distributions and derive properties of the
effective statistical force arising in the ensemble of non-diverging
trajectories after the Doob h-transform. The obtained explicit results
generically apply to non-linear dynamical models with meta-stable states and
fast kinetic transitions.