  In this report we consider the set of the 16 possible convex tangrams that
can be composed with the 7 so-called "Sei Shonagon Chie no Ita" (or Japanese)
tans, see [10]. The set of these Japanese tans is slightly different from the
well-known set of 7 Chinese tans with which 13 (out of those 16) convex
tangrams can be formed. In [4], [6] the problem of determining all essentially
different partitions of the 13 "Chinese" convex tangrams was investigated and
solved. In this report we will address the same problem for the "Japanese"
convex tangrams. The approach to solve both problems is more or less analogous,
but the "Japanese" problem is much harder than the "Chinese" one, since the
number of "Japanese" solutions is much larger than the "Chinese" ones. In fact,
only for a few "Japanese" tangram shapes their solutions can be found by a
rigorous analysis supported by a large number of clarifying diagrams. The
solutions for the remaining shapes have to be determined using a dedicated
computer program. Both approaches will be discussed here and all essentially
different solutions with the "Japanese" tans are presented. As far as we know
all presented results are not yet published before.


  The multiplicity of charged particles produced in Au+Au collisions as a
function of energy, centrality, rapidity and azimuthal angle has been measured
with the PHOBOS detector at RHIC. These results contribute to our understanding
of the initial state of heavy ion collisions and provide a means to compare
basic features of particle production in nuclear collisions with more
elementary systems.


  The electronic properties of thin films present quantum-size effects, which
are a consequence of the finite size of the system. Here we focus on the
investigation of these effects on the electronic energy loss of charged
particles moving parallel with thin metallic films. The energy loss is
calculated, within linear-response theory, from the knowledge of the
density-response function of the inhomogeneous electron system, which we
evaluate either in the random-phase approximation or with the use of an
adiabatic and local exchange-correlation kernel.


  We consider the representation space of a compact surface, that is the space
of morphisms from the fundamental group to SU(2) up to conjugation. We show
that the trace functions associated to multicurves on the surface are linearly
independent as functions on the representation space. The proof relies on the
Fourier decomposition of the trace functions with respect to some torus action
provided by a pants decomposition. Consequently the space of trace functions is
isomorphic to the skein algebra at A=-1 of the thickened surface.


  We use the method of QCD sum rules to investigate a possible hybrid baryon
with the quantum numbers of the $\Lambda$. Using a current composed of uds
quarks in a color octet and a gluon, a strange hybrid, the $\Lambda_H$ is found
about 500 MeV above the $\Lambda$, and we identify it as the $\Lambda(1600)$.
Using our sigma/glueball model we predict a large branching fraction for the
$\Lambda_H \to \Lambda + \sigma(\pi\pi$ resonance), and the experimental search
for this decay mode could provide a test of the hybrid nature of the
$/Lambda(1600)$.


  In metric-affine theories of gravity such as the C-theories, the spacetime
connection is associated to a metric that is nontrivially related to the
physical metric. In this article, such theories are rewritten in terms of a
single metric and it is shown that they can be recast as effectively nonlocal
gravity. With some assumptions, known ghost-free theories with non-singular and
cosmologically interesting properties may be recovered. Relations between
different formulations are analysed at both perturbative and nonperturbative
levels taking carefully into account subtleties with boundary conditions in the
presence of integral operators in the action, and equivalences between theories
related by nonlocal redefinitions of the fields are verified at the level of
equations of motion. This suggests a possible geometrical interpretation of
nonlocal gravity as an emergent property of non-Riemannian spacetime structure.


  The recent observation of single spins flips with a single proton in a
Penning trap opens the way to measure the proton magnetic moment with high
precision. Based on this success, which has been achieved with our apparatus at
the University of Mainz, we demonstrated recently the first application of the
so called double Penning-trap method with a single proton. This is a major step
towards a measurement of the proton magnetic moment with ppb precision. To
apply this method to a single trapped antiproton our collaboration is currently
setting up a companion experiment at the antiproton decelerator of CERN. This
effort is recognized as the Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment (BASE). A
comparison of both magnetic moment values will provide a stringent test of CPT
invariance with baryons.


  This paper introduces STRASS: Summarization by TRAnsformation Selection and
Scoring. It is an extractive text summarization method which leverages the
semantic information in existing sentence embedding spaces. Our method creates
an extractive summary by selecting the sentences with the closest embeddings to
the document embedding. The model learns a transformation of the document
embedding to minimize the similarity between the extractive summary and the
ground truth summary. As the transformation is only composed of a dense layer,
the training can be done on CPU, therefore, inexpensive. Moreover, inference
time is short and linear according to the number of sentences. As a second
contribution, we introduce the French CASS dataset, composed of judgments from
the French Court of cassation and their corresponding summaries. On this
dataset, our results show that our method performs similarly to the state of
the art extractive methods with effective training and inferring time.


  I give an elementary proof that a quasi-symmetric design without repeated
blocks on $v$ points has at most $v\choose2$ blocks, with equality if and only
if it is a tight $4$-design.


  Verification bias is a well known problem when the predictive ability of a
diagnostic test has to be evaluated. In this paper, we discuss how to assess
the accuracy of continuous-scale diagnostic tests in the presence of
verification bias, when a three-class disease status is considered. In
particular, we propose a fully nonparametric verification bias-corrected
estimator of the ROC surface. Our approach is based on nearest-neighbor
imputation and adopts generic smooth regression models for both the disease and
the verification processes. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the
proposed estimator are proved and its finite sample behavior is investigated by
means of several Monte Carlo simulation studies. Variance estimation is also
discussed and an illustrative example is presented.


  The assumption that data samples are independent and identically distributed
(iid) is standard in many areas of statistics and machine learning.
Nevertheless, in some settings, such as social networks, infectious disease
modeling, and reasoning with spatial and temporal data, this assumption is
false. An extensive literature exists on making causal inferences under the iid
assumption [18, 12, 28, 22], even when unobserved confounding bias may be
present. But, as pointed out in [20], causal inference in non-iid contexts is
challenging due to the presence of both unobserved confounding and data
dependence. In this paper we develop a general theory describing when causal
inferences are possible in such scenarios. We use segregated graphs [21], a
generalization of latent projection mixed graphs [30], to represent causal
models of this type and provide a complete algorithm for non-parametric
identification in these models. We then demonstrate how statistical inference
may be performed on causal parameters identified by this algorithm. In
particular, we consider cases where only a single sample is available for parts
of the model due to full interference, i.e., all units are pathwise dependent
and neighbors' treatments affect each others' outcomes [26]. We apply these
techniques to a synthetic data set which considers users sharing fake news
articles given the structure of their social network, user activity levels, and
baseline demographics and socioeconomic covariates.


  A large scale computational model of the basal ganglia (BG) network is
proposed to describes movement disorder including deep brain stimulation (DBS).
The model of this complex network considers four areas of the basal ganglia
network: the subthalamic nucleus (STN) as target area of DBS, globus pallidus,
both pars externa and pars interna (GPe-GPi), and the thalamus (THA).
Parkinsonian conditions are simulated by assuming reduced dopaminergic input
and corresponding pronounced inhibitory or disinhibited projections to GPe and
GPi. Macroscopic quantities can be derived which correlate closely to thalamic
responses and hence motor programme fidelity. It can be demonstrated that
depending on different levels of striatal projections to the GPe and GPi, the
dynamics of these macroscopic quantities switch from normal conditions to
parkinsonian. Simulating DBS on the STN affects the dynamics of the entire
network, increasing the thalamic activity to levels close to normal, while
differing from both normal and parkinsonian dynamics. Using the mentioned
macroscopic quantities, the model proposes optimal DBS frequency ranges above
130 Hz.


  We investigate the three-term Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI) for a two-level
quantum system undergoing parity-time (PT ) symmetric dynamics governed by a
non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, when a sequence of dichotomic projective
measurements are carried out at different time intervals. In contrast to the
case of coherent unitary dynamics, violation of LGI is shown to increase beyond
the temporal Tsirelson bound approaching the algebraic maximum in the limit of
the spontaneous PT symmetry breaking


  In this thesis we revise the concept of phase space in modern physics and
devise a way to explicitly incorporate physical dimension into geometric
mechanics.
  A historical account of metrology and phase space is given to illustrate the
disconnect between the theoretical physical models in use today and the formal
treatment of units of measurement. Self-contained presentations of local Lie
algebras, Lie algebroids, Poisson manifolds, line bundles and Jacobi manifolds
are given. A unit-free manifold is defined as a generic line bundle over a
smooth manifold that we interpret as a manifold whose ring of functions no
longer has a preferred choice of a unit. This point of view allows us to
implement physical dimension into geometric mechanics.
  Unit-free manifolds are shown to share many of the core structure of the
category of ordinary smooth manifolds: Cartesian products, derivations as
tangent vectors, jets as cotangent vectors, submanifolds and quotients. This
allows to reinterpret the notion of Jacobi manifold as the unit-free analogue
of Poisson manifolds. With this new language we rediscover known results about
Jacobi maps, coisotropic submanifolds, Jacobi products and Jacobi reduction.
  We give a categorical formulation of the loose term 'canonical Hamiltonian
mechanics' by defining the notions of theory of phase spaces and Hamiltonian
functor. Conventional configuration spaces are then replaced by line bundles,
called unit-free configuration spaces, and, they are shown to fit into a theory
of phase spaces with a Hamiltonian functor given by the jet functor.
  Motivated by the algebraic structure of physical quantities in dimensional
analysis, we define dimensioned groups, rings, modules and algebras by
implementing an addition operation that is partially defined. Jacobi manfolds
are shown to have associated dimensioned Poisson algebras and dimensioned
coisotropic calculus.


  In this paper, we present a disassemble-and-pack approach for a mechanism to
seek a box which contains total mechanical parts with high space utilization.
Its key feature is that mechanism contains not only geometric shapes but also
internal motion structures which can be calculated to adjust geometric shapes
of the mechanical parts. Our system consists of two steps: disassemble
mechanical object into a group set and pack them within a box efficiently. The
first step is to create a hierarchy of possible group set of parts which is
generated by disconnecting the selected joints and adjust motion structures of
parts in groups. The aim of this step is seeking total minimum volume of each
group. The second step is to exploit the hierarchy based on
breadth-first-search to obtain a group set. Every group in the set is inserted
into specified box from maximum volume to minimum based on our packing
strategy. Until an approximated result with satisfied efficiency is accepted,
our approach finish exploiting the hierarchy.


  The optimal power performance of a first principle quantum heat engine model
shows friction-like phenomena when the internal fluid Hamiltonian does not
commute with the external control field. The model is based on interacting
two-level-systems where the external magnetic field serves as a control
variable.


  Many features of single-partite quantum walks can be simulated by classical
waves. However, it was recently experimentally shown that some temporal
sequences of measurements on a quantum walker do not admit a classical
description in terms of macro-realistic theories. Here, we extend this
observation and present pre- and post-selection scenarios in quantum walks
leading to logical paradoxes. Such paradoxes were recently shown to be
equivalent to proofs of contextuality, therefore we provide an additional
argument for non-classicality of a quantum walk model. The assumptions behind
the claims of non-classicality (including contextuality and violations of
macro-realism) are also discussed.


  Quantum cosmology based on Lorentzian path integrals is a promising avenue.
However, many previous works allow non-Lorentzian configurations by integrating
the squared scale factor over the whole real line. Here we show that
restricting the minisuperspace path integral to Lorentzian configurations with
positive squared scale factor can significantly change the expectation values.
In addition, this enables the study of causal horizons and their quantum
fluctuations, and achieves singularity avoidance trivially by excluding
singular minisuperspace geometries as non-Lorentzian. The results indicate that
semiclassical saddle point approximation is not always valid in truly
Lorentzian quantum cosmology. As a consequence, related works on the tunnelling
and no-boundary proposals, bouncing cosmology, and the quantum origin of
inflation etc. need to be reexamined.


  Quantum isometry groups of spectral triples associated with approximately
finite-dimensional C*-algebras are shown to arise as inductive limits of
quantum symmetry groups of corresponding truncated Bratteli diagrams. This is
used to determine explicitly the quantum isometry group of the natural spectral
triple on the algebra of continuous functions on the middlethird Cantor set. It
is also shown that the quantum symmetry groups of finite graphs or metric
spaces coincide with the quantum isometry groups of the corresponding classical
objects equipped with natural Laplacians.


  The purpose of this master thesis is to simulate suitable nuclear reactions
for a commissioning experiment, to be performed with the AGATA gamma-ray
tracking spectrometer. The main aim of the work is to find a reaction, which
gives large Doppler effects of the emitted gamma rays, with as small
contribution as possible due to the energy and angular spread of the nuclei
emitting the gamma rays. Inverse kinematics heavy-ion (HI) fusion reactions of
the type (HI,gamma), (HI, n) on proton and deuteron targets have been studied.
Target effects were investigated using the program TRIM in order to determine
the impact on the Doppler effects caused by energy and angular straggling in
the target material. The cross sections of a large number of reactions of
protons and deuterons on nuclei with mass numbers in the range A=20-100 have
been evaluated using the TALYS reaction code. The fusion-evaporation reactions,
d(V-51,n)Cr-52 and d(Cl-37,n)Ar-38 were simulated in detail using the Monte
Carlo code evapOR. The interactions in AGATA of the gamma rays emitted in these
reactions were simulated using Geant4. The energy resolution of the gamma rays
after gamma-ray tracking and Doppler correction were determined as a function
of the interaction position resolution of the germanium detectors. The
conclusion of this work is that of the two reactions d(V-51,n)Cr-52 is more
suitable for an AGATA commissioning experiment.


  We assess the performance of the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) screened
hybrid density functional scheme applied to the perovskite family LaMO3
(M=Sc-Cu) and discuss the role of the mixing parameter alpha (which determines
the fraction of exact Hartree-Fock exchange included in the density functional
theory (DFT) exchange-correlation functional) on the structural, electronic,
and magnetic properties. The physical complexity of this class of compounds,
manifested by the largely varying electronic characters
(band/Mott-Hubbard/charge-transfer insulators and metals), magnetic orderings,
structural distortions (cooperative Jahn-Teller like instabilities), as well as
by the strong competition between localization/delocalization effects
associated with the gradual filling of the t_2g and e_g orbitals, symbolize a
critical and challenging case for theory. Our results indicates that HSE is
able to provide a consistent picture of the complex physical scenario
encountered across the LaMO3 series and significantly improve the standard DFT
description. The only exceptions are the correlated paramagnetic metals LaNiO3
and LaCuO3, which are found to be treated better within DFT. By fitting the
ground state properties with respect to alpha we have constructed a set of
'optimum' values of alpha from LaScO3 to LaCuO3: it is found that the 'optimum'
mixing parameter decreases with increasing filling of the d manifold (LaScO3:
0.25; LaTiO3 & LaVO3: 0.10-0.15; LaCrO3, LaMnO3, and LaFeO3: 0.15; LaCoO3:
0.05; LaNiO3 & LaCuO3: 0). This trend can be nicely correlated with the
modulation of the screening and dielectric properties across the LaMO3 series,
thus providing a physical justification to the empirical fitting procedure.


  Recent research has used margin theory to analyze the generalization
performance for deep neural networks (DNNs). The existed results are almost
based on the spectrally-normalized minimum margin. However, optimizing the
minimum margin ignores a mass of information about the entire margin
distribution, which is crucial to generalization performance. In this paper, we
prove a generalization upper bound dominated by the statistics of the entire
margin distribution. Compared with the minimum margin bounds, our bound
highlights an important measure for controlling the complexity, which is the
ratio of the margin standard deviation to the expected margin. We utilize a
convex margin distribution loss function on the deep neural networks to
validate our theoretical results by optimizing the margin ratio. Experiments
and visualizations confirm the effectiveness of our approach and the
correlation between generalization gap and margin ratio.


  We associate certain curves over function fields to given algebraic power
series and show that bounds on the rank of Kodaira-Spencer map of this curves
imply bounds on the exponents of the power series, with more generic curves
giving lower exponents. If we transport Vojta's conjecture on height inequality
to finite characteristic by modifying it by adding suitable deformation
theoretic condition, then we see that the numbers giving rise to general curves
approach Roth's bound. We also prove a hierarchy of exponent bounds for
approximation by algebraic quantities of bounded degree.


  We study zero modes of N=1/2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills action in the
background of instantons. In this background, because of a quartic antichiral
fermionic term in the action, the fermionic solutions of the equations of
motion are not in general zero modes of the action. Hence, when there are
fermionic solutions, the action is no longer minimized by instantons. By
deforming the instanton equation in the presence of fermions, we write down the
zero mode equations. The solutions satisfy the equations of motion, and
saturate the BPS bound. The deformed instanton equations imply that the finite
action solutions have U(1) connections which are not flat anymore.


  Spin-state transitions are the hallmark of rare-earth cobaltates. In order to
understand them, it is essential to identify all relevant parameters which
shift the energy balance between spin states, and determine their trends. We
find that \Delta, the eg-t2g crystal-field splitting, increases by ~250 meV
when increasing pressure to 8 GPa and by about 150 meV when cooling from 1000K
to 5K. It changes, however, by less than 100 meV when La is substituted with
another rare earth. Also the Hund's rule coupling J_avg is about the same in
systems with very different spin-state transition temperature, like LaCoO3 and
EuCoO3. Consequently, in addition to \Delta and J_avg, the Coulomb-exchange
anisotropy \Delta J_ avg and the super-exchange energy-gain \Delta E_SE play a
crucial role, and are comparable with spin-state dependent relaxation effects
due to covalency. We show that in the LnCoO3 series, with Ln=Y or a rare earth
(RE), super-exchange progressively stabilizes a low-spin ground state as the
Ln^{3+} ionic radius decreases. We give a simple model to describe spin-state
transitions and show that, at low temperature, the formation of isolated
high-spin/low-spin pairs is favored, while in the high-temperature phase, the
most likely homogeneous state is high-spin, rather than intermediate spin. An
orbital-selective Mott state could be a fingerprint of such a state.


  Social dynamics models may present discontinuities in the right-hand side of
the dynamics for multiple reasons, including topology changes and quantization.
Several concepts of generalized solutions for discontinuous equations are
available in the literature and are useful to analyze these models. In this
chapter, we study Caratheodory and Krasovsky generalized solutions for
discontinuous models of opinion dynamics with state dependent interactions. We
consider two definitions of "bounded confidence" interactions, which we
respectively call metric and topological: in the former, individuals interact
if their opinions are closer than a threshold; in the latter, individuals
interact with a fixed number of nearest neighbors. We compare the dynamics
produced by the two kinds of interactions, in terms of existence, uniqueness
and asymptotic behavior of different types of solutions.


  We calculate the evolution of Li6 generated from cosmic rays produced by an
early population of massive stars. The computation is performed in the
framework of hierarchical structure formation and is based on cosmic star
formation histories constrained to reproduce the observed star formation rate
at redshift z \la 6, the observed chemical abundances in damped Lyman alpha
absorbers and in the intergalactic medium, and to allow for an early
reionization of the Universe at z\sim 11 by Pop III stars as indicated by the
third year results released by WMAP. We show that the pregalactic production of
the Li6 isotope in the IGM via these Pop III stars can account for the Li6
plateau observed in metal poor halo stars without additional over-production of
Li7. Our results depend on the efficiency of cosmic rays to propagate out of
minihalos and the fraction of supernovae energy deposited in cosmic rays. We
also compute the cosmic ray heating of the IGM gas. In general, we find
somewhat high temperatures (of order 10^5 K) implying that the cosmic rays
production of Li6 may be required to be confined to the so-called warm-hot IGM.


  The subject of this paper is about the kinematic analysis and the trajectory
planning of the Orthoglide 5-axis. The Orthoglide 5-axis a five degrees of
freedom parallel kinematic machine developed at IRCCyN and is made up of a
hybrid architecture, namely, a three degrees of freedom translational parallel
manip-ulator mounted in series with a two degrees of freedom parallel spherical
wrist. The simpler the kinematic modeling of the Or-thoglide 5-axis, the higher
the maximum frequency of its control loop. Indeed, the control loop of a
parallel kinematic machine should be computed with a high frequency, i.e.,
higher than 1.5 MHz, in order the manipulator to be able to reach high speed
motions with a good accuracy. Accordingly, the direct and inverse kinematic
models of the Orthoglide 5-axis, its inverse kine-matic Jacobian matrix and the
first derivative of the latter with respect to time are expressed in this
paper. It appears that the kinematic model of the manipulator under study can
be written in a quadratic form due to the hybrid architecture of the Orthoglide
5-axis. As illustrative examples, the profiles of the actuated joint angles
(lengths), velocities and accelerations that are used in the control loop of
the robot are traced for two test trajectories.


  Electron spin oriented along an external magnetic field is subject to
longitudinal spin relaxation with characteristic time $T_1$. The corresponding
decay is nonoscillating, so one cannot readily ascribe $T_1$ to a certain $g$
factor. This becomes a problem when several electronic states with different
$g$ factors are present in the system, e.g. electrons and holes. We solve this
problem by optically pumping spin polarization and then selectively
depolarizing it using a radio frequency (rf) field. By modulating the rf field
one can observe the retarded modulation of spin polarization which depends on
the relation between the modulation period and $T_1$. Using this selective spin
inertia method, we unveil the strong anisotropy of $T_1$ for rare-earth
Ce$^{3+}$ ions in a YAG crystal at low temperatures and low magnetic fields. We
also show that the spread of Larmor frequencies within the electron ensemble in
this system is not static, but results from the fluctuations of internal
magnetic fields on a timescale much shorter than $T_1$.


  Let $\Pi$ be a projective plane of order $n$ and $\Gamma_{\Pi}$ be its Levi
graph (the point-line incidence graph). For fixed $k \geq 3$, let
$c_{2k}(\Gamma_{\Pi})$ denote the number of $2k$-cycles in $\Gamma_{\Pi}$. In
this paper we show that
  $$
  c_{2k}(\Gamma_{\Pi}) = \frac{1}{2k}n^{2k} + O(n^{2k-2}), \hspace{0.5cm} n
\rightarrow \infty.
  $$
  We also state a conjecture regarding the third and fourth largest terms in
the asymptotic of the number of $2k$-cycles in $\Gamma_{\Pi}$. This result was
also obtained independently by Voropaev in 2012.
  Let $\text{ex}(v, C_{2k}, \mathcal{C}_{\text{odd}}\cup \{C_4\})$ denote the
greatest number of $2k$-cycles amongst all bipartite graphs of order $v$ and
girth at least 6. As a corollary of the result above, we obtain
  $$
  \text{ex}(v, C_{2k}, \mathcal{C}_{\text{odd}}\cup \{C_4\}) =
\left(\frac{1}{2^{k+1}k}-o(1)\right)v^k, \hspace{0.5cm} v \rightarrow \infty.
  $$


  The aim of presented research is to design a nanodevice based on a
gate-defined quantum dot within a MoS$_2$ monolayer in which we confine a
single electron. By applying control voltages to the device gates we modulate
the confinement potential and force intervalley transitions. The present Rashba
spin-orbit coupling additionally allows for spin operations. Moreover, both
effects enable the spin-valley SWAP. The device structure is modeled
realistically, taking into account feasible dot-forming potential and electric
field that controls the Rasha coupling. Therefore, by performing reliable
numerical simulations, we show how by electrically controlling the state of the
electron in the device, we can obtain single- and two-qubit (thus universal)
gates in a spin-valley two-qubit system. Through simulations we investigate
possibility of implementation of two qubits \textit{locally}, based on single
electron, with an intriguing feature that two-qubit gates are easier to realize
than single ones.


  In this work, we have carried on dynamical system analysis of hessence field
coupling with dark matter in $f(T)$ gravity. We have analysed the critical
points due to autonomous system. The resulting autonomous system is non-linear.
So, we have approached via the the theory of non-linear dynamical system.We
have noticed very few papers are devoted to this kind of study.Maximum works in
literature are done treating the dynamical system as done in linear dynamical
analysis, which are unable to predict correct evolution.Our work is totally
different from those kind of works.We have used theory of non-linear dynamical
system theory,developed till date,in our analysis.This approach gives totally
different stable solutions, in contrast what the linear analysis would have
predicted. We have discussed the stability analysis in details due to
exponential potential through computational method in tabular form and analyzed
the evolution of the universe. Some plots are drawn to investigate the
behaviour of the system (this plotting technique is different from usual phase
plot, and devised by us.). Interestingly, the analysis shows the universe may
resemble the `cosmological constant' like evolution (i.e., $\Lambda$CDM model
is a subset of the solution set). Also, all the fixed points of our model are
able to avoid Big rip singularity.


  We prove exponential decay for a system of two Schr{\"o}dinger equations in a
wave guide, with coupling and damping at the boundary. This relies on the
spectral analysis of the corresponding coupled Schr{\"o}dinger operator on the
one-dimensional cross section. We show in particular that we have a spectral
gap and that the corresponding generalized eigenfunctions form a Riesz basis.


  In this article, we present a new control theoretic distributed time
synchronization algorithm, named PISync, in order to synchronize sensor nodes
in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). PISync algorithm is based on a
Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. It applies a proportional feedback (P)
and an integral feedback (I) on the local measured synchronization errors to
compensate the differences between the clock offsets and clock speeds. We
present practical flooding-based and fully distributed protocol implementations
of the PISync algorithm, and we provide theoretical analysis to highlight the
benefits of this approach in terms of improved steady state error and
scalability as compared to existing synchronization algorithms. We show through
real-world experiments and simulations that PISync protocols have several
advantages over existing protocols in the WSN literature, namely no need for
memory allocation, minimal CPU overhead and code size independent of network
size and topology, and graceful performance degradation in terms of network
size.


  The rings of quantum integrals of the generalized Calogero-Moser systems
related to the deformed root systems ${\cal A}_n(m)$ and ${\cal C}_n(m,l)$ with
integer multiplicities and corresponding algebras of quasi-invariants are
investigated. In particular, it is shown that these algebras are finitely
generated and free as the modules over certain polynomial subalgebras
(Cohen-Macaulay property). The proof follows the scheme proposed by Etingof and
Ginzburg in the Coxeter case. For two-dimensional systems the corresponding
Poincare series and the deformed $m$-harmonic polynomials are explicitly
computed.


  A relatively simple low complexity multiuser communication system based on
simultaneous code and frequency index modulation (CFIM) is proposed in this
paper. The proposed architecture reduces the emitted energy at the transmitter
as well as the peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal
frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)- based schemes functions without
relegating data rate. In the scheme we introduce here, we implement a joint
code- frequency- index modulation (CFIM) in order to enhance spectral and
energy efficiencies. After introducing and analysing the structure with respect
to latter metrics, we derive closed-form expressions of the bit error rate
(BER) performance over Rayleigh fading channels and we validate the outcome by
simulation results. Simulation are used verify the analyses and show that, in
terms of BER, the proposed CFIM outperforms the existing index modulation (IM)
based systems such as spatial modulation (SM), OFDM-IM and OFDM schemes
significantly. To better exhibit the particularities of the proposed scheme,
PAPR, complexity, spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) are
thoroughly examined. Results indicate a high SE while ensuring an elevated
reliability compared to the aforementioned systems. In addition, the concept is
extended to synchronous multiuser communication networks, where full
functionality is obtained. With the characteristics demonstrated in this work,
the proposed system would constitute an exceptional nominee for Internet of
Things (IoT) applications where low-complexity, low-power consumption and high
data rate are paramount.


  The networks of predator-prey interactions in ecological systems are
remarkably complex, but nevertheless surprisingly stable in terms of long term
persistence of the system as a whole. In order to understand the mechanism
driving the complexity and stability of such food webs, we developed an
eco-evolutionary model in which new species emerge as modifications of existing
ones and dynamic ecological interactions determine which species are viable.
The food-web structure thereby emerges from the dynamical interplay between
speciation and trophic interactions. The proposed model is less abstract than
earlier evolutionary food web models in the sense that all three evolving
traits have a clear biological meaning, namely the average body mass of the
individuals, the preferred prey body mass, and the width of their potential
prey body mass spectrum. We observed networks with a wide range of sizes and
structures and high similarity to natural food webs. The model networks exhibit
a continuous species turnover, but massive extinction waves that affect more
than $50 \%$ of the network are not observed.


  The discovery of millisecond pulsars switching between states powered either
by the rotation of their magnetic field or by the accretion of matter, has
recently proved the tight link shared by millisecond radio pulsars and neutron
stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. Transitional millisecond pulsars also show an
enigmatic intermediate state in which the neutron star is surrounded by an
accretion disk, it emits coherent X-ray pulsations, but is sub-luminous in
X-rays with respect to accreting neutron stars, and is brighter in gamma-rays
than millisecond pulsars in the rotation-powered state. Here, we model the
X-ray and gamma-ray emission observed from PSR J1023+0038 in such a state based
on the assumption that most of the disk in-flow is propelled away by the
rapidly rotating neutron star magnetosphere, and that electrons can be
accelerated to energies of a few GeV at the turbulent disk-magnetosphere
boundary. We show that the synchrotron and self-synchrotron Compton emission
coming from such a region, together with the hard disk emission typical of low
states of accreting compact objects, is able to explain the radiation observed
in the X-ray and gamma-ray band. The average emission observed from PSR
J1023+0038 is modelled by a disk in-flow with a rate of $(1-3)\times10^{-11}
M_{\odot}/yr$, truncated at a radius ranging between 30 and 45 km, compatible
with the hypothesis of a propelling magnetosphere. We compare the results we
obtained with models that rather assume that a rotation-powered pulsar is
turned on, showing how the spin down power released in similar scenarios is
hardly able to account for the magnitude of the observed emission.


  We develop a nonparametric test for deciding whether volatility of an asset
follows a standard semimartingale process, with paths of finite quadratic
variation, or a rough process with paths of infinite quadratic variation. The
test utilizes the fact that volatility is rough if and only if volatility
increments are negatively autocorrelated at high frequencies. It is based on
the sample autocovariance of increments of spot volatility estimates computed
from high-frequency asset return data. By showing a feasible CLT for this
statistic under the null hypothesis of semimartingale volatility paths, we
construct a test with fixed asymptotic size and an asymptotic power equal to
one. The test is derived under very general conditions for the data-generating
process. In particular, it is robust to jumps with arbitrary activity and to
the presence of market microstructure noise. In an application of the test to
SPY high-frequency data, we find evidence for rough volatility.


  We have calculated $\beta^-$ decay rates to the continuum and bound states of
some fully ionized atoms in the stellar s-process environment having free
electron density and temperature in the range $n_e = 10^{26} $ cm$^{-3} -
10^{27} $ cm$^{-3}$ and $T = 10^8$ K - $5 \times 10^{8}$ K, respectively. The
presence of bare atoms in these particular situations has been confirmed by
solving Saha ionization equation taking into account the ionization potential
depression (IPD). At these temperatures, low lying excited energy levels of
parent nuclei may have thermal equilibrium population and those excited levels
may also decay via $\beta^-$ emission. The Nuclear Matrix Element (NME) of all
the transitions of the set of 15 nuclei is calculated using nuclear
shell-model. These NME are then used to calculate the comparative half-life
($ft_{1/2}$) of the transitions. Calculated terrestrial half-lives of the
$\beta^-$ decays are in good agreement with the experimental results in most of
the cases. Decay to bound and continuum states of bare atoms from
ground/isomeric levels and excited nuclear levels have been calculated
separately. The ratio of bound state to continuum state decay rates as a
function of IPD modified $Q$-value reveals that bound state $\beta^-$ decay
rate may compete and even dominate for $Q$-value $<$ 100 keV. The importance of
the bound state $\beta^-$ decay in stellar situations has been shown
explicitly. We have calculated total $\beta^-$ decay rates (bound state plus
continuum state) taking into account IPD corrected neutral atom $Q$-value as a
function of density and temperature. We have also presented results for the
stellar $\beta^-$ half-lives and compared the ratio of neutral atom to bare
atom half-lives for different density and temperature combinations. These
results may be useful for s-process nucleosynthesis calculations.


  We propose a process calculus for modelling systems in the Internet of Things
paradigm. Our systems interact both with the physical environment, via sensors
and actuators, and with smart devices, via short-range and Internet channels.
The calculus is equipped with a standard notion of bisimilarity which is a
fully abstract characterisation of a well-known contextual equivalence. We use
our semantic proof-methods to prove run-time properties as well as system
equalities of non-trivial IoT systems.


  The death of the massive stars due to supernova explosion is a key ingredient
in stellar evolution, stellar population synthesis. The electron capture (EC)
plays a vital role in supernovae explosions. According to the Shell-Model Monte
Carlo (SMMC) method, basing onthe Random Phase Approximation (RPA) and Linear
Response Theory Model (LRTM), we study the strongly screening EC rates of
nuclides $^{52, 53, 59, 60}$Fe in presupernova. The results show that the
screening rates can decrease about 18.66\%. We compare our results with those
of Fuller et al. (FFN), Aufderheide et al. (AUFD), and Nabi et al. (NKK)in the
case with and without strong electron screening(SES). For the case without SES,
our calculations are in very good agreement with those of AUFD in relatively
high density surroundings and the maximum error is within 0.35\% at
$\rho_7=100$ (e. g., even-even nuclei $^{60}$Fe). However, for odd-A
nuclei$^{59}$Fe, our rates are close to one, one, two order magnitude smaller
than those of FFN, AUFD, and NKK. For the case with SES, our screening results
are about three, two orders magnitude, and 7.27\% lower than those of FFN,
AUFD, NKK for $^{60}$Fe, respectively, and it is lower about two, two orders
magnitude, and 12.42\% than those of FFN, AUFD, NKK for odd-A nuclide
$^{59}$Fe.


  We show that if a countable structure $M$ in a finite relational language is
not cellular, then there is an age-preserving $N \supseteq M$ such that
$2^{\aleph_0}$ many structures are bi-embeddable with $N$. The proof proceeds
by a case division based on mutual algebraicity.


  We established existence of periodic Reeb orbits for a large class of tight
contact structures on closed 3-manifolds, notably the Stein fillable
structures, based on a fundamental theorem of Cliff Taubes on symplectic
4-manifolds.


  Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is a core technology for enabling
safety and non-safety applications in next generation Intelligent
Transportation Systems. Due to relatively low heights of the antennas, V2V
communication is often influenced by topographic features, man-made structures,
and other vehicles located between the communicating vehicles. On highways, it
was shown experimentally that vehicles can obstruct the line of sight (LOS)
communication up to 50 percent of the time; furthermore, a single obstructing
vehicle can reduce the power at the receiver by more than 20 dB. Based on both
experimental measurements and simulations performed using a validated channel
model, we show that the elevated position of antennas on tall vehicles improves
communication performance. Tall vehicles can significantly increase the
effective communication range, with an improvement of up to 50 percent in
certain scenarios. Using these findings, we propose a new V2V relaying scheme
called Tall Vehicle Relaying (TVR) that takes advantage of better channel
characteristics provided by tall vehicles. TVR distinguishes between tall and
short vehicles and, where appropriate, chooses tall vehicles as next hop
relays. We investigate TVR's system-level performance through a combination of
link-level experiments and system-level simulations and show that it
outperforms existing techniques.


  The discrete distribution clustering algorithm, namely D2-clustering, has
demonstrated its usefulness in image classification and annotation where each
object is represented by a bag of weighed vectors. The high computational
complexity of the algorithm, however, limits its applications to large-scale
problems. We present a parallel D2-clustering algorithm with substantially
improved scalability. A hierarchical structure for parallel computing is
devised to achieve a balance between the individual-node computation and the
integration process of the algorithm. Additionally, it is shown that even with
a single CPU, the hierarchical structure results in significant speed-up.
Experiments on real-world large-scale image data, Youtube video data, and
protein sequence data demonstrate the efficiency and wide applicability of the
parallel D2-clustering algorithm. The loss in clustering accuracy is minor in
comparison with the original sequential algorithm.


  The rapid advancement of AI technology has led to widespread applications of
agent systems across various domains. However, the need for detailed
architecture design poses significant challenges in designing and operating
these systems. This paper introduces a taxonomy focused on the architectures of
foundation-model-based agents, addressing critical aspects such as functional
capabilities and non-functional qualities. We also discuss the operations
involved in both design-time and run-time phases, providing a comprehensive
view of architectural design and operational characteristics. By unifying and
detailing these classifications, our taxonomy aims to improve the design of
foundation-model-based agents. Additionally, the paper establishes a decision
model that guides critical design and runtime decisions, offering a structured
approach to enhance the development of foundation-model-based agents. Our
contributions include providing a structured architecture design option and
guiding the development process of foundation-model-based agents, thereby
addressing current fragmentation in the field.


  We consider a shape optimization based method for finding the best
interpolation data in the compression of images with noise. The aim is to
reconstruct missing regions by means of minimizing a data fitting term in an
$L^p$-norm between original images and their reconstructed counterparts using
linear diffusion PDE-based inpainting. Reformulating the problem as a
constrained optimization over sets (shapes), we derive the topological
asymptotic expansion of the considered shape functionals with respect to the
insertion of small ball (a single pixel) using the adjoint method. Based on the
achieved distributed topological shape derivatives, we propose a numerical
approach to determine the optimal set and present numerical experiments
showing, the efficiency of our method. Numerical computations are presented
that confirm the usefulness of our theoretical findings for PDE-based image
compression.


  Recent LTE analyses (Israelian et al. 1998 and Bosegaard et al. 1999) of the
OH bands in the optical-ultraviolet spectra of nearby metal-poor subdwarfs
indicate that oxygen abundances are generally higher than those previously
determined. The difference increases with decreasing metallicity and reaches
delta([O/Fe]) ~ +0.6 dex as [Fe/H] approaches -3.0.
  Employing high resolution (R = 50000), high S/N (~ 250) echelle spectra of
the two stars found by Israelian et al. (1998) to have the highest
[O/Fe]-ratios, viz, BD +23 3130 and BD +37 1458, we conducted abundance
analyses based on about 60 Fe I and 7-9 Fe II lines. We determined from Kurucz
LTE models the values of the stellar parameters, as well as abundances of Na,
Ni, and the traditional alpha-elements, independent of the calibration of color
vs $T_{eff}$ scales. We determined oxygen abundances from spectral synthesis of
the stronger line (6300 A) of the [O I] doublet.
  The syntheses of the [O I] line lead to smaller values of [O/Fe], consistent
with those found earlier among halo field and globular cluster giants. We
obtain [O/Fe] = +0.35 +/- 0.2 for BD +23 3130 and +0.50 +/- 0.2 for BD +37
1458. In the former, the [O I] line is very weak (~ 1 mA), so that the quoted
[O/Fe] value may in reality be an upper limit.
  Therefore in these two stars a discrepancy exists between the [O/Fe]- ratios
derived from [O I] and the OH feature, and the origin of this difference
remains unclear. Until the matter is clarified, we suggest it is premature to
conclude that the ab initio oxygen abundances of old, metal-poor stars need to
be revised drastically upward.


  We present a spatially-resolved ultraviolet spectrum of a non-radiative shock
front in the Cygnus Loop, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging
Spectrograph (STIS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The spectrum
covers the wavelength range 1118 - 1716 angstroms, with an effective spectral
resolution of ~12 angstroms. The 0.1" spatial resolution of these data provides
a huge improvement over earlier ultraviolet spectra, allowing us to study the
spatial distribution of high ionization line emission directly behind the shock
front. We are able to isolate individual shock features in our spectrum by
comparing the STIS spectrum with a WFPC2 H-alpha image of the region. Isolating
the brightest shock tangency, we identify lines of NV, CIV, HeII, OV, OIV] and
SiIV, and NIV] as well as the hydrogen 2-photon continuum. The NV line peaks
about 0.3" behind the CIV and HeII emission and is spatially broader. Also, the
observed line ratios of CIV and HeII to NV are higher in our bright shock
spectrum than in previous observations of the same filament obtained through
much larger apertures, indicating that there must be a more widely distributed
component of the NV emission. We calculate shock models and show that the
observed separation between the CIV and NV emission zones and observed line
intensities constrain the combinations of shock velocity and pre-shock density
that are allowed.


  AGILE is an Italian Space Agency mission dedicated to the observation of the
gamma-ray Universe. The AGILE very innovative instrumentation combines for the
first time a gamma-ray imager (sensitive in the energy range 30 MeV - 50 GeV),
a hard X-ray imager (sensitive in the range 18-60 keV) together with a
Calorimeter (sensitive in the range 300 keV - 100 MeV) and an anticoincidence
system. AGILE was successfully launched on April 23, 2007 from the Indian base
of Sriharikota and was inserted in an equatorial orbit with a very low particle
background. AGILE provides crucial data for the study of Active Galactic
Nuclei, Gamma-Ray Bursts, pulsars, unidentified gamma-ray sources, Galactic
compact objects, supernova remnants, TeV sources, and fundamental physics by
microsecond timing. An optimal angular resolution (reaching 0.1-0.2 degrees in
gamma-rays, 1-2 arcminutes in hard X-rays) and very large fields of view (2.5
sr and 1 sr, respectively) are obtained by the use of Silicon detectors
integrated in a very compact instrument. The paper describes the AGILE Mission
and its space and ground segments.


  A state-of-the-art method that combines a quantum computational algorithm and
machine learning, so-called quantum machine learning, can be a powerful
approach for solving quantum many-body problems. However, the research scope in
the field was mainly limited to organic molecules and simple lattice models.
Here, we propose a workflow of quantum machine learning applications for
periodic systems on the basis of an effective model construction from first
principles. The band structures of the Hubbard model of graphene with the
mean-field approximation are calculated as a benchmark, and the calculated
eigenvalues show good agreement with the exact diagonalization results within a
few meV by employing the transfer learning technique in quantum machine
learning. The results show that the present computational scheme has the
potential to solve many-body problems quickly and correctly for periodic
systems using a quantum computer.


  The mortality of lung cancer has ranked high among cancers for many years.
Early detection of lung cancer is critical for disease prevention, cure, and
mortality rate reduction. However, existing detection methods on pulmonary
nodules introduce an excessive number of false positive proposals in order to
achieve high sensitivity, which is not practical in clinical situations. In
this paper, we propose the multi-head detection and spatial
squeeze-and-attention network, MHSnet, to detect pulmonary nodules, in order to
aid doctors in the early diagnosis of lung cancers. Specifically, we first
introduce multi-head detectors and skip connections to customize for the
variety of nodules in sizes, shapes and types and capture multi-scale features.
Then, we implement a spatial attention module to enable the network to focus on
different regions differently inspired by how experienced clinicians screen CT
images, which results in fewer false positive proposals. Lastly, we present a
lightweight but effective false positive reduction module with the Linear
Regression model to cut down the number of false positive proposals, without
any constraints on the front network. Extensive experimental results compared
with the state-of-the-art models have shown the superiority of the MHSnet in
terms of the average FROC, sensitivity and especially false discovery rate
(2.98% and 2.18% improvement in terms of average FROC and sensitivity, 5.62%
and 28.33% decrease in terms of false discovery rate and average candidates per
scan). The false positive reduction module significantly decreases the average
number of candidates generated per scan by 68.11% and the false discovery rate
by 13.48%, which is promising to reduce distracted proposals for the downstream
tasks based on the detection results.


  Recent measure of $R_K$, involving the decays of $b\to s l^+ l^-$, by the
LHCb at CERN strengthened the deviation from the Standard Model prediction. The
best fit in the updated global analysis suggests that the muon specific Wilson
coefficients $C^{bs\mu \mu}_9=-C^{bs\mu \mu}_{10}$ should be about $-0.41$. In
this paper, we show that the accumulate effects of KK modes of a singlet Dirac
neutrino propagating in the large extra-dimensional space naturally provide
$C^{bs l l}_9=-C^{bs l l}_{10}$ to explain the anomaly. By taking the muon
Yukawa coupling to be of ${\cal O}(1)$, the fundamental scale in the
extra-dimensional framework should be lowered down to about $2.9$ TeV if there
are two additional spatial dimensions.


  We study decreasing rearrangements of functions defined on (possibly
non-smooth) metric measure spaces with Ricci curvature bounded below by $K>0$
and dimension bounded above by $N\in (1,\infty)$ in a synthetic sense, the so
called $CD(K,N)$ spaces. We first establish a Polya-Szego type inequality
stating that the $W^{1,p}$-Sobolev norm decreases under such a rearrangement
and apply the result to show sharp spectral gap for the $p$-Laplace operator
with Dirichlet boundary conditions (on open subsets), for every $p\in
(1,\infty)$. This extends to the non-smooth setting a classical result of
B\'erard-Meyer and Matei; remarkable examples of spaces fitting out framework
and for which the results seem new include: measured-Gromov Hausdorff limits of
Riemannian manifolds with Ricci$\geq K>0$, finite dimensional Alexandrov spaces
with curvature$\geq K>0$, Finsler manifolds with Ricci$\geq K>0$. In the second
part of the paper we prove new rigidity and almost rigidity results attached to
the aforementioned inequalities, in the framework of $RCD(K,N)$ spaces, which
seem original even for smooth Riemannian manifolds with Ricci$\geq K>0$.


  Generalizing a construction of Wolfgang L\"uck and Bob Oliver, we define a
good equivariant cohomology theory on the category of proper G-CW complexes
when G is an arbitrary Lie group (possibly non-compact). This is done by
constructing an appropriate classifying space that arises from a Gamma-G-space.
It is proven that this theory effectively generalizes Segal's equivariant
K-theory when G is compact.


  Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with several tumor types and
its status has become increasingly vital in guiding patient treatment
decisions. However, in clinical practice, distinguishing MSI from its
counterpart is challenging since the diagnosis of MSI requires additional
genetic or immunohistochemical tests. In this study, interpretable pathological
image analysis strategies are established to help medical experts to
automatically identify MSI. The strategies only require ubiquitous Haematoxylin
and eosin-stained whole-slide images and can achieve decent performance in the
three cohorts collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The strategies provide
interpretability in two aspects. On the one hand, the image-level
interpretability is achieved by generating localization heat maps of important
regions based on the deep learning network; on the other hand, the
feature-level interpretability is attained through feature importance and
pathological feature interaction analysis. More interestingly, both from the
image-level and feature-level interpretability, color features and texture
characteristics are shown to contribute the most to the MSI predictions.
Therefore, the classification models under the proposed strategies can not only
serve as an efficient tool for predicting the MSI status of patients, but also
provide more insights to pathologists with clinical understanding.


  Recent hardware demonstrations and advances in circuit compilation have made
quantum computing with higher-dimensional systems (qudits) on near-term devices
an attractive possibility. Some problems have more natural or optimal encodings
using qudits over qubits. We explore this potential by formulating graph
3-coloring, a well-known and difficult problem with practical applications,
using qutrits, and solve it using the quantum approximate optimization
algorithm (QAOA). Qutrit-based cost and mixer Hamiltonians are constructed
along with appropriate quantum circuits using qutrit gates. We run noiseless
simulations using PennyLane to compare the formulation against qubit-based
QAOA, and analyze the solution quality and resources required. Preliminary
results show that the qutrit encoding finds more accurate solutions with a
comparable set of hyperparameters, uses half as many qudits, and has a notably
smaller circuit depth per layer than an efficient qubit encoding. This work
suggests that qutrits may be useful in solving some problems on near-term
devices, however further work is required to assess their potential in a noisy
environment.


  We propose a novel scheme to generate the spin-orbit coupling for a
condensate placed inside an optical cavity by using a standing wave and a
traveling wave. It is shown that the interplay of the laser lights and the
cavity gives rise to rich quantum phases. Our scheme also generates an
nontrivial lattice of the magnetic flux, which may facilitate the study of the
exotic quantum phases.


  A possible explanation based on first principles for the appearance of the
Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is proposed involving coinfection with
HIV. The gist is that the resultant HIV-induced immunocompromise allows
SARS-CoV-2 greater latitude to explore its own mutational space. This latitude
is not withoutr estriction, and a specific biophysical constraint is explored.
Specifically, a nearly two- to five-fold discrepancy in backbone hydrogen
bonding is observed between sub-molecules in Protein Data Bank files of the
spike glycoprotein yielding two conclusions: mutagenic residues in the
receptor-binding subunit of the spike much more frequently do not participate
in backbone hydrogen bonds; and a technique of viral escape is therefore to
remove such bonds within physico-chemical and functional constraints. Earlier
work, from which the previous discussion is entirely independent, explains
these phenomena from general principles of free energy, namely, the
metastability of the glycoprotein. The conclusions therefore likely hold more
generally as principles in virology.


  We consider a general N=(2,2) non-linear sigma model with a torsion. We show
that the consistency of N=(2,2) supersymmetry implies that the target manifold
is necessary equipped with two (in general, different) Poisson structures.
Finally we argue that the Poisson geometry of the target space is a
characteristic feature of the sigma models with extended supersymmetry.


  Graph-based methods are known to be successful in many machine learning and
pattern classification tasks. These methods consider semi-structured data as
graphs where nodes correspond to primitives (parts, interest points, segments,
etc.) and edges characterize the relationships between these primitives.
However, these non-vectorial graph data cannot be straightforwardly plugged
into off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms without a preliminary step of --
explicit/implicit -- graph vectorization and embedding. This embedding process
should be resilient to intra-class graph variations while being highly
discriminant. In this paper, we propose a novel high-order stochastic graphlet
embedding (SGE) that maps graphs into vector spaces. Our main contribution
includes a new stochastic search procedure that efficiently parses a given
graph and extracts/samples unlimitedly high-order graphlets. We consider these
graphlets, with increasing orders, to model local primitives as well as their
increasingly complex interactions. In order to build our graph representation,
we measure the distribution of these graphlets into a given graph, using
particular hash functions that efficiently assign sampled graphlets into
isomorphic sets with a very low probability of collision. When combined with
maximum margin classifiers, these graphlet-based representations have positive
impact on the performance of pattern comparison and recognition as corroborated
through extensive experiments using standard benchmark databases.


  To examine the relation between profitability and business models (BMs)
across bank sizes, the paper proposes a research strategy based on machine
learning techniques. This strategy allows for analyzing whether size and profit
performance underlie BM heterogeneity, with BM identification being based on
how the components of the bank portfolio contribute to profitability. The
empirical exercise focuses on the European Union banking system. Our results
suggest that banks with analogous levels of performance and different sizes
share strategic features. Additionally, high capital ratios seem compatible
with high profitability if banks, relative to their size peers, adopt a
standard retail BM.


  We make two contributions to the study of polite combination in
satisfiability modulo theories.
  The first contribution is a separation between politeness and strong
politeness, by presenting a polite theory that is not strongly polite. This
result shows that proving strong politeness
  (which is often harder than proving politeness) is sometimes needed in order
to use polite combination.
  The second contribution is an optimization to the polite combination method,
obtained by borrowing from the Nelson-Oppen method. In its non-deterministic
form, the Nelson-Oppen method is based on guessing arrangements over shared
variables. In contrast, polite combination requires an arrangement over
\emph{all} variables of the shared sort (not just the shared variables). We
show that when using polite combination, if the other theory is stably infinite
with respect to a shared sort, only the shared variables of that sort need be
considered in arrangements, as in the Nelson-Oppen method.
  Reasoning about arrangements of variables is exponential in the worst case,
so reducing the number of variables that are considered has the potential to
improve performance significantly.
  We show preliminary evidence for this in practice by demonstrating a speed-up
on a smart contract verification benchmark.


  The best practice to prevent Cross Site Scripting (XSS) attacks is to apply
encoders to sanitize untrusted data. To balance security and functionality,
encoders should be applied to match the web page context, such as HTML body,
JavaScript, and style sheets. A common programming error is the use of a wrong
type of encoder to sanitize untrusted data, leaving the application vulnerable.
We present a security unit testing approach to detect XSS vulnerabilities
caused by improper encoding of untrusted data. Unit tests for the XSS
vulnerability are constructed out of each web page and then evaluated by a unit
test execution framework. A grammar-based attack generator is devised to
automatically generate test inputs. We also propose a vulnerability repair
technique that can automatically fix detected vulnerabilities in many
situations. Evaluation of this approach has been conducted on an open source
medical record application with over 200 web pages written in JSP.


  The triangulations of point configurations which decompose as a free sum are
classified in terms of the triangulations of the summands. The methods employ
two new kinds of partially ordered sets to be associated with any triangulation
of a point set with one point marked, the "web of stars" and the "stabbing
poset". Triangulations of smooth Fano polytopes are discussed as a case study.


  Between 1994 and 1998, the work of M. Brou\'e, G. Malle, and R. Rouquier
generalized in a natural way the definition of the Hecke algebra associated to
a finite Coxeter group, for the case of an arbitrary complex reflection group.
Attempting to also generalize the properties of the Coxeter case, they stated a
number of conjectures concerning these Hecke algebras. One specific example of
importance regarding those yet unsolved conjectures is the so-called BMR
freeness conjecture. This conjecture is known to be true apart from 16 cases,
that are almost all the exceptional groups of rank 2. These exceptional groups
of rank 2 fall into three families: the tetrahedral, octahedral and icosahedral
family. We prove the validity of the BMR freeness conjecture for the
exceptional groups belonging to the first two families, using a case-by-case
analysis and we give a nice description of the basis, similar to the classical
case of the finite Coxeter groups. We also give a new consequence of this
conjecture, by obtaining the classification of irreducible representations of
the braid group on 3 strands in dimension at most 5, recovering results of Tuba
and Wenzl.


  Silicon dioxide (SiO$_2$) is expected to occur in the atmospheres of hot
rocky super-Earth exoplanets but a lack of spectroscopic data is hampering its
possible detection. Here, we present the first, comprehensive molecular line
list for SiO$_2$. The line list, named OYT3, covers the wavenumber range
0\,--\,6000~cm$^{-1}$ (wavelengths $\lambda > 1.67$~$\mu$m) and is suitable for
temperatures up to $T=3000$~K. Almost 33 billion transitions involving 5.69
million rotation-vibration states with rotational excitation up to $J=255$ have
been computed using robust first-principles methodologies. The OYT3 line list
is available from the ExoMol database at http://www.exomol.com.


  I present approximate next-to-next-to-leading-order (aNNLO) total and
differential cross sections for charged Higgs production in association with a
top quark at LHC energies. The aNNLO results for the process $bg \rightarrow
tH^-$ are derived from next-to-next-to-leading-logarithm (NNLL) resummation of
soft-gluon corrections. Scale and parton-distribution uncertainties for the
cross sections are shown. The top-quark transverse-momentum and rapidity
distributions are also calculated.


  This paper investigates solution stability properties of unregularized
tracking-type optimal control problems constrained by the Boussinesq system. In
our model, the controls may appear linearly and distributed in both of the
equations that constitute the Boussiniesq system and in the objective
functional. We establish, not only the existence of weak solutions, but also
unique existence of strong solutions in $L^p$ sense for the Boussinesq system
as well as its corresponding linearized and adjoint systems. The optimal
control problem is then analyzed by providing the existence of an optimal
control, and by establishing first-order necessary and second order sufficient
conditions. Then, using assumptions on the joint growth of the first and second
variations of the objective functional, we prove the strong metric H\"older
subregularity of the optimality mapping, which in turn allows the study of
solution stability of the optimal control and states under various linear and
nonlinear perturbations. Such perturbations may appear in the Boussinesq system
and the objective functional. As an application, we provide a convergence rate
for the optimal solutions of the Tikhonov regularized problem as the Tikhonov
parameter tends to zero. Furthermore, the obtained stability of the optimal
states provides, to the best knowledge of the authors, the first result on the
stability of the second-order sufficient condition in affine PDE-constrained
optimization under an assumption on the desired profile which is natural for
tracking-type objective functionals.


  Named entities (NE) are objects that are referred to by names such as people,
organizations and locations. Named entities and keywords are important to the
meaning of a document. We propose a generalized vector space model that
combines named entities and keywords. In the model, we take into account
different ontological features of named entities, namely, aliases, classes and
identifiers. Moreover, we use entity classes to represent the latent
information of interrogative words in Wh-queries, which are ignored in
traditional keyword-based searching. We have implemented and tested the
proposed model on a TREC dataset, as presented and discussed in the paper.


  In this paper, we represent the problem of selecting miners within a
blockchain-based system as a subset selection problem. We formulate the problem
of minimising blockchain energy consumption as an optimisation problem with two
conflicting objectives: energy consumption and trust. The proposed model is
compared across different algorithms to demonstrate its performance.


  In this paper, we ascertain the global $\lambda$-structure of the set of
positive and negative solutions bifurcating from $u=0$ for the semilinear
elliptic BVP \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{array}{ll} -d\Delta u=
\lambda\langle \mathfrak{a},\nabla u\rangle+u+\lambda u^{2}-u^{q} & \text{ in }
\Omega, \\ u=0 & \text{ on } \partial\Omega, \end{array}\right. \end{equation*}
according to the values of $d>0$ and the integer number $q\geq 4$. Figures
1.1-1.3 summarize the main findings of this paper according to the values of
$d$ and $q$. Note that the role played by the parameter $\lambda$ in this model
is very special, because, besides measuring the strength of the convection, it
quantifies the amplitude of the nonlinear term $\lambda u^2$. We regard to this
problem as a mathematical toy to generate solution loops and isolas in Reaction
Diffusion equations.


  Galaxy interactions and mergers play a significant, but still debated and
poorly understood role in the star formation history of galaxies. Numerical and
theoretical models cannot yet explain the main properties of merger-induced
starbursts, including their intensity and their spatial extent. Usually, the
mechanism invoked in merger-induced starbursts is a global inflow of gas
towards the central kpc, resulting in a nuclear starburst. We show here, using
high-resolution AMR simulations and comparing to observations of the gas
component in mergers, that the triggering of starbursts also results from
increased ISM turbulence and velocity dispersions in interacting systems. This
forms cold gas that are denser and more massive than in quiescent disk
galaxies. The fraction of dense cold gas largely increases, modifying the
global density distribution of these systems, and efficient star formation
results. Because the starbursting activity is not just from a global compacting
of the gas to higher average surface densities, but also from higher turbulence
and fragmentation into massive and dense clouds, merging systems can enter a
different regime of star formation compared to quiescent disk galaxies. This is
in quantitative agreement with recent observations suggesting that disk
galaxies and starbursting systems are not the low-activity end and
high-activity end of a single regime, but actually follow different scaling
relations for their star formation.


  A scheme is proposed to generate an entangled state between two (Lambda-type)
four-level atoms that interact effectively by means of a detuned optical cavity
and a laser beam that acts perpendicularly to the cavity axis. It is shown how
the degree of entanglement for two atoms passing through the cavity can be
controlled by manipulating their velocity and the (initial) distance between
the atoms. In addition, three realistic schemes are suggested to implement the
two-qubit gates within the framework of the suggested atom-cavity-laser setup,
namely, the i-swap gate, controlled-Z gate and the controlled-NOT gate. For all
these schemes, we analyze and discuss the atomic velocities and inter-atomic
distances for which these gates are realized most reliably.


  The only possible doubly-charged scalar decays into two Standard Model
particles are into pairs of same-sign charged leptons, H$^{\pm\pm}\rightarrow
{l}^\pm {l}^\pm, {l} = e, \mu, \tau$, or gauge bosons, H$^{\pm\pm}\rightarrow
W^\pm W^\pm$; being necessary the observation of both to assert the violation
of lepton number. However, present ATLAS and CMS limits on doubly-charged
scalar production are obtained under specific assumptions on its branching
fractions into dileptons only. Although they can be extended to include decays
into dibosons and lepton number violating processes. Moreover, the production
rates also depend on the type of electroweak multiplet H$^{\pm\pm}$ belongs to.
We classify the possible alternatives and provide the Feynman rules and codes
for generating the corresponding signals for pair and associated doubly-charged
scalar production, including the leading contribution from the $s$-channel
exchange of electroweak gauge bosons as well as the vector-boson fusion
corrections. Then, using the same analysis criteria as the LHC collaborations
we estimate the limits on the H$^{\pm\pm}$ mass as a function of the
electroweak multiplet it belongs to, and obtain the bounds on the lepton number
violating processes $pp\rightarrow {\rm H}^{\pm\pm}{\rm H}^{\mp\mp} \rightarrow
{\ell}^\pm {\ell}^\pm W^\mp W^\mp$ and $pp\rightarrow {\rm H}^{\pm\pm}{\rm
H}^{\mp} \rightarrow {\ell}^\pm {\ell}^\pm W^\mp Z$, $\ell = e, \mu$, implied
by the ATLAS and CMS doubly-charged scalar searches.


  Down-sampling training data has long been shown to improve the generalization
performance of a wide range of machine learning systems. Recently,
down-sampling has proved effective in genetic programming (GP) runs that
utilize the lexicase parent selection technique. Although this down-sampling
procedure has been shown to significantly improve performance across a variety
of problems, it does not seem to do so due to encouraging adaptability through
environmental change. We hypothesize that the random sampling that is performed
every generation causes discontinuities that result in the population being
unable to adapt to the shifting environment. We investigate modifications to
down-sampled lexicase selection in hopes of promoting incremental environmental
change to scaffold evolution by reducing the amount of jarring discontinuities
between the environments of successive generations. In our empirical studies,
we find that forcing incremental environmental change is not significantly
better for evolving solutions to program synthesis problems than simple random
down-sampling. In response to this, we attempt to exacerbate the hypothesized
prevalence of discontinuities by using only disjoint down-samples to see if it
hinders performance. We find that this also does not significantly differ from
the performance of regular random down-sampling. These negative results raise
new questions about the ways in which the composition of sub-samples, which may
include synonymous cases, may be expected to influence the performance of
machine learning systems that use down-sampling.


  In this paper we use a recently compiled data set, which comprises 118
galactic-scale strong gravitational lensing (SGL) systems to constrain the
statistic property of SGL system, as well as the curvature of universe without
assuming any fiducial cosmological model. Based on the singular isothermal
ellipsoid (SIE) model of SGL system, we obtain that the constrained curvature
parameter $\Omega_{\rm k}$ is close to zero from the SGL data, which is
consistent with the latest result of planck measurement. More interestingly, we
find that the parameter $f$ in the SIE model is strongly correlated with the
curvature $\Omega_{\rm k}$. Neglecting this correlation in the analysis will
significantly overestimate the constraining power of SGL data on the curvature.
Furthermore, the obtained constraint on $f$ is different from previous results:
$f=1.105\pm0.030$ ($68\%$ C.L.), which means that the standard singular
isothermal sphere (SIS) model ($f=1$) is disfavored by the current SGL data at
more than $3\sigma$ confidence level. We also divide the whole SGL data into
two parts according to the centric stellar velocity dispersion $\sigma_{\rm c}$
and find that the larger value of $\sigma_{\rm c}$ the subsample has, the more
favored the standard SIS model is. Finally, we extend the SIE model by assuming
the power-law density profiles for the total mass density,
$\rho=\rho_0(r/r_0)^{-\alpha}$, and luminosity density,
$\nu=\nu_0(r/r_0)^{-\delta}$, and obtain the constraints on the power-law
indexes: $\alpha=1.95\pm0.04$ and $\delta=2.40\pm0.13$ at 68\% confidence
level. When assuming the power-law index $\alpha=\delta=\gamma$, this scenario
is totally disfavored by the current SGL data, $\chi^2_{\rm min,\gamma} -
\chi^2_{\rm min,SIE} \simeq 53$.


  In this paper, we address a problem of safe and efficient intersection
crossing traffic management of autonomous and connected ground traffic. Toward
this objective, we propose an algorithm that is called the Discrete-time
occupancies trajectory based Intersection traffic Coordination Algorithm
(DICA). We first prove that the basic DICA is deadlock free and also starvation
free. Then, we show that the basic DICA has a computational complexity of
$\mathcal{O}(n^2 L_m^3)$ where $n$ is the number of vehicles granted to cross
an intersection and $L_m$ is the maximum length of intersection crossing
routes.
  To improve the overall computational efficiency of the algorithm, the basic
DICA is enhanced by several computational approaches that are proposed in this
paper. The enhanced algorithm has the computational complexity of
$\mathcal{O}(n^2 L_m \log_2 L_m)$. The improved computational efficiency of the
enhanced algorithm is validated through simulation using an open source traffic
simulator, called the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO). The overall
throughput as well as the computational efficiency of the enhanced algorithm
are also compared with those of an optimized traffic light control.


  A method is proposed for converting raw ultrasound signals of respiratory
organ motion into high frame rate dynamic MRI using a long-term recurrent
convolutional neural network. Ultrasound signals were acquired using a
single-element transducer, referred to here as `organ-configuration motion'
(OCM) sensor, while sagittal MR images were simultaneously acquired. Both
streams of data were used for training a cascade of convolutional layers, to
extract relevant features from raw ultrasound, followed by a recurrent neural
network, to learn its temporal dynamics. The network was trained with MR images
on the output, and was employed to predict MR images at a temporal resolution
of 100 frames per second, based on ultrasound input alone, without any further
MR scanner input. The method was validated on 7 subjects.


  We prove an explicit, quantitative criterion that ensures the Heegaard
surfaces in Dehn fillings behave "as expected." Given a cusped hyperbolic
manifold X, and a Dehn filling whose meridian and longitude curves are longer
than 2pi(2g-1), we show that every genus g Heegaard splitting of the filled
manifold is isotopic to a splitting of the original manifold X. The analogous
statement holds for fillings of multiple boundary tori. This gives an effective
version of a theorem of Moriah-Rubinstein and Rieck-Sedgwick.


  Graded Hecke algebras can be constructed in terms of equivariant cohomology
and constructible sheaves on nilpotent cones. In earlier work, their standard
modules and their irreducible modules where realized with such geometric
methods.
  We pursue this setup to study properties of module categories of (twisted)
graded Hecke algebras, in particular what happens geometrically upon formal
completion with respect to a central character. We prove a version of the
Kazhdan--Lusztig conjecture for (twisted) graded Hecke algebras. It expresses
the multiplicity of an irreducible module in a standard module as the
multiplicity of an equivariant local system in an equivariant perverse sheaf.
  This is applied to smooth representations of reductive p-adic groups. Under
some conditions, we verify the p-adic Kazhdan--Lusztig conjecture from [Vogan].
Here the equivariant constructible sheaves live on certain varieties of
Langlands parameters. The involved conditions are checked for substantial
classes of groups and representations.


  Fractional quantum anomalous hall effect (FQAHE), a transport effect with
fractionally quantized Hall plateau emerging under zero magnetic field,
provides a radically new opportunity to engineer topological quantum
electronics. By construction of topological flat band with moire engineering,
intrinsic FQAHE has been observed in twisted MoTe2 system and rhombohedral
pentalayer graphene/hBN moire superlattices with anomalous Hall resistivity
quantization number C <= 2/3 including the gapless composite Fermi-liquid state
with C = 1/2. Here we experimentally demonstrate a new system of rhombohedral
hexalayer graphene (RHG)/hBN moire superlattices showing both fractional and
integer quantum anomalous Hall effects when the lowest flat Chern band is
fractionally and fully filled at zero magnetic field. The zero-field Hall
resistance Rho_xy = h/Ce2 is quantized to values corresponding to C = 3/5, 2/3,
5/7, 3/4, 7/9 and 1 at moire filling factors v = 3/5, 2/3, 5/7, 3/4, 7/9 and 1,
respectively. Particularly, the C = 3/4 FQAHE state at v = 3/4 moire filling
featuring a minimum of longitudinal resistance Rho_xx and fractionally
quantized Hall resistance Rho_xy = 4h/3e2, is observed for the first time under
zero magnetic field. Such a state may be similar to the C = 3/4 fractional
quantum hall (FQHE) state recently observed at high magnetic fields9,10 and
possibly host fractional charge excitations obeying non-Abelian statistics. By
tuning the electrical and magnetic fields at 0 < v < 1, we have observed a sign
reversal of the Hall resistivity for v = 2/3 state, indicating a transition
from quasi-electron-like excitations to quasi-hole ones. Our experiment has
established RHG/hBN moire superlattices a promising platform to explore
quasi-particles with fractional charge excitations and non-Abelian anyons at
zero magnetic field.


  We discuss three new equations of state (EOS) in core-collapse supernova
simulations. The new EOS are based on the nuclear statistical equilibrium model
of Hempel and Schaffner-Bielich (HS), which includes excluded volume effects
and relativistic mean-field (RMF) interactions. We consider the RMF
parameterizations TM1, TMA, and FSUgold. These EOS are implemented into our
spherically symmetric core-collapse supernova model, which is based on general
relativistic radiation hydrodynamics and three-flavor Boltzmann neutrino
transport. The results obtained for the new EOS are compared with the widely
used EOS of H. Shen et al. and Lattimer & Swesty. The systematic comparison
shows that the model description of inhomogeneous nuclear matter is as
important as the parameterization of the nuclear interactions for the supernova
dynamics and the neutrino signal. Furthermore, several new aspects of nuclear
physics are investigated: the HS EOS contains distributions of nuclei,
including nuclear shell effects. The appearance of light nuclei, e.g.,
deuterium and tritium is also explored, which can become as abundant as alphas
and free protons. In addition, we investigate the black hole formation in
failed core-collapse supernovae, which is mainly determined by the high-density
EOS. We find that temperature effects lead to a systematically faster collapse
for the non-relativistic LS EOS in comparison to the RMF EOS. We deduce a new
correlation for the time until black hole formation, which allows to determine
the maximum mass of proto-neutron stars, if the neutrino signal from such a
failed supernova would be measured in the future. This would give a constraint
for the nuclear EOS at finite entropy, complementary to observations of cold
neutron stars.


  An extension of the Starobinsky model is proposed. Besides the usual
Starobinsky Lagrangian, a term proportional to the derivative of the scalar
curvature, $\nabla_{\mu}R\nabla^{\mu}R$, is considered. The analyzis is done in
the Einstein frame with the introduction of a scalar field and a vector field.
We show that inflation is attainable in our model, allowing for a graceful
exit. We also build the cosmological perturbations and obtain the leading-order
curvature power spectrum, scalar and tensor tilts and tensor-to-scalar ratio.
The tensor and curvature power spectrums are compared to the most recent
observations from BICEP2/Keck collaboration. We verify that the
scalar-to-tensor rate $r$ can be expected to be up to three times the values
predicted by Starobinsky model.


  The eigenvalue density for members of the Gaussian orthogonal and unitary
ensembles follows the Wigner semi-circle law. If the Gaussian entries are all
shifted by a constant amount c/Sqrt(2N), where N is the size of the matrix, in
the large N limit a single eigenvalue will separate from the support of the
Wigner semi-circle provided c > 1. In this study, using an asymptotic analysis
of the secular equation for the eigenvalue condition, we compare this effect to
analogous effects occurring in general variance Wishart matrices and matrices
from the shifted mean chiral ensemble. We undertake an analogous comparative
study of eigenvalue separation properties when the size of the matrices are
fixed and c goes to infinity, and higher rank analogues of this setting. This
is done using exact expressions for eigenvalue probability densities in terms
of generalized hypergeometric functions, and using the interpretation of the
latter as a Green function in the Dyson Brownian motion model. For the shifted
mean Gaussian unitary ensemble and its analogues an alternative approach is to
use exact expressions for the correlation functions in terms of classical
orthogonal polynomials and associated multiple generalizations. By using these
exact expressions to compute and plot the eigenvalue density, illustrations of
the various eigenvalue separation effects are obtained.


  Real eigenpairs of symmetric tensors play an important role in multiple
applications. In this paper we propose and analyze a fast iterative
Newton-based method to compute real eigenpairs of symmetric tensors. We derive
sufficient conditions for a real eigenpair to be a stable fixed point for our
method, and prove that given a sufficiently close initial guess, the
convergence rate is quadratic. Empirically, our method converges to a
significantly larger number of eigenpairs compared to previously proposed
iterative methods, and with enough random initializations typically finds all
real eigenpairs. In particular, for a generic symmetric tensor, the sufficient
conditions for local convergence of our Newton-based method hold simultaneously
for all its real eigenpairs.


  Asymptotically large Reynolds number hydrodynamic turbulence is characterized
by multi-scaling of moments of velocity increments and spatial derivatives.
With decreasing Reynolds number toward $R_{\lambda}=R^{tr}_{\lambda}\approx
9.0$, the anomalous scaling disappears in favor of the "normal" one and
close-to-Gaussian probability densities [Yakhot \& Donzis, {\bf 119}, 044501
(2017)]. The nature of this transition and its universality are subjects of
this work.
  Here we consider Benard convection ( Prandtl number $Pr=1$) between infinite
horizontal plates. It is shown that in this system the "competition" between
Bolgiano and Kolmogorov processes, results in small-scale velocity fluctuations
driven by effective "large-scale" Gaussian random temperature field. Therefore,
the intermittent dynamics of velocity derivatives are similar or even identical
to that in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence generated by the large-scale
random forcing. It is shown that low-Rayleigh number instabilities make the
problem much more involved and may lead to transition from Gaussian to
exponential PDF of the temperature field. The developed {\it mean-field theory}
yielded dimensionless heat flux $Nu\propto Ra^{\beta}$ with $\beta\approx
15/56\approx 0.27$, close to the outcome of Chicago experiment. These results
point to an unusual small-scale universality of turbulent flows. It is also
shown that at $R_{\lambda}\leq 9.0$, a flow "remembers" its laminar background
and, therefore, cannot be universal.


  This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of the
Anti-Coincidence Detector (ACD) for the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope
(GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT). The ACD is LAT first-level defense against
the charged cosmic ray background that outnumbers the gamma rays by 3-5 orders
of magnitude. The ACD covers the top and 4 sides of the LAT tracking detector,
requiring a total active area of ~8.3 square meters. The ACD detector utilizes
plastic scintillator tiles with wave-length shifting fiber readout. In order to
suppress self-veto by shower particles at high gamma-ray energies, the ACD is
segmented into 89 tiles of different sizes. The overall ACD efficiency for
detection of singly charged relativistic particles entering the tracking
detector from the top or sides of the LAT exceeds the required 0.9997.


  Let $W$ be the ring of the Witt vectors of a perfect field of characteristic
$p$, $\mathfrak{X}$ a smooth formal scheme over $W$, $\mathfrak{X}'$ the base
change of $\mathfrak{X}$ by the Frobenius morphism of $W$, $\mathfrak{X}_{2}'$
the reduction modulo $p^{2}$ of $\mathfrak{X}'$ and $X$ the special fiber of
$\mathfrak{X}$. We lift the Cartier transform of Ogus-Vologodsky defined by
$\mathfrak{X}_{2}'$ modulo $p^{n}$. More precisely, we construct a functor from
the category of $p^{n}$-torsion $\mathscr{O}_{\mathfrak{X}'}$-modules with
integrable $p$-connection to the category of $p^{n}$-torsion
$\mathscr{O}_{\mathfrak{X}}$-modules with integrable connection, each subject
to suitable nilpotence conditions. Our construction is based on Oyama's
reformulation of the Cartier transform of Ogus-Vologodsky in characteristic
$p$. If there exists a lifting $F:\mathfrak{X}\to \mathfrak{X}'$ of the
relative Frobenius morphism of $X$, our functor is compatible with a functor
constructed by Shiho from $F$. As an application, we give a new interpretation
of Faltings' relative Fontaine modules and of the computation of their
cohomology.


  The $^1S_0$ superfluidity of neutron matter is studied in the framework of
the generalized Gorkov equation. The vertex corrections to the pairing
interaction and the self-energy corrections are introduced and approximated on
the same footing in the gap equation. A suppression of the pairing gap by more
than 50% with respect to the BCS prediction is found, which deeply changes the
scenario for the dynamical and thermal evolution of neutron stars.


  We start with a description of Lacan's work that we then take into our
analytics methodology. In a first investigation, a Lacan-motivated template of
the Poe story is fitted to the data. A segmentation of the storyline is used in
order to map out the diachrony. Based on this, it will be shown how synchronous
aspects, potentially related to Lacanian registers, can be sought. This
demonstrates the effectiveness of an approach based on a model template of the
storyline narrative. In a second and more comprehensive investigation, we
develop an approach for revealing, that is, uncovering, Lacanian register
relationships. Objectives of this work include the wide and general application
of our methodology. This methodology is strongly based on the "letting the data
speak" Correspondence Analysis analytics platform of Jean-Paul Benz\'ecri, that
is also the geometric data analysis, both qualitative and quantitative
analytics, developed by Pierre Bourdieu.


  Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is one of the most common techniques in
fault-tolerant systems, in which the output is determined by a majority voter.
However, the design diversity of replicated modules and/or soft errors that are
more likely to happen in the nanoscale era may affect the majority voting
scheme. Besides, the significant overheads of the TMR scheme may limit its
usage in energy consumption and area-constrained critical systems. However, for
most inherently error-resilient applications such as image processing and
vision deployed in critical systems (like autonomous vehicles and robotics),
achieving a given level of reliability has more priority than precise results.
Therefore, these applications can benefit from the approximate computing
paradigm to achieve higher energy efficiency and a lower area. This paper
proposes an energy-efficient approximate reliability (X-Rel) framework to
overcome the aforementioned challenges of the TMR systems and get the full
potential of approximate computing without sacrificing the desired reliability
constraint and output quality. The X-Rel framework relies on relaxing the
precision of the voter based on a systematical error bounding method that
leverages user-defined quality and reliability constraints. Afterward, the size
of the achieved voter is used to approximate the TMR modules such that the
overall area and energy consumption are minimized. The effectiveness of
employing the proposed X-Rel technique in a TMR structure, for different
quality constraints as well as with various reliability bounds are evaluated in
a 15-nm FinFET technology. The results of the X-Rel voter show delay, area, and
energy consumption reductions of up to 86%, 87%, and 98%, respectively, when
compared to those of the state-of-the-art approximate TMR voters.


  We study photonic signatures of symmetry broken and topological phases in a
driven, dissipative circuit QED realization of spin-1/2 chains. Specifically,
we consider the transverse-field XY model and a dual model with 3-spin
interactions. The former has a ferromagnetic and a paramagnetic phase, while
the latter features, in addition, a symmetry protected topological phase. Using
the method of third quantization, we calculate the non-equilibrium steady-state
of the open spin chains for arbitrary system sizes and temperatures. We find
that the bi-local correlation function of the spins at both ends of the chain
provides a sensitive measure for both symmetry-breaking and topological phase
transitions of the systems, but no universal means to distinguish between the
two types of transitions. Both models have equivalent representations in terms
of free Majorana fermions, which host zero, one and two topological Majorana
end modes in the paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and symmetry protected
topological phases, respectively. The correlation function we study retains its
bi-local character in the fermionic representation, so that our results are
equally applicable to the fermionic models in their own right. We propose a
photonic realization of the dissipative transverse-field XY model in a tunable
setup, where an array of superconducting transmon qubits is coupled at both
ends to a photonic microwave circuit.


  Spatio-temporal bifurcations and complex dynamics in globally coupled
intrinsically bistable electrochemical systems with an S-shaped current-voltage
characteristic under galvanostatic control are studied theoretically on a
one-dimensional domain. The results are compared with the dynamics and the
bifurcation scenarios occurring in a closely related model which describes
pattern formation in semiconductors. Under galvanostatic control both systems
are unstable with respect to the formation of stationary large amplitude
current domains. The current domains as well as the homogeneous steady state
exhibit oscillatory instabilities for slow dynamics of the potential drop
across the double layer, or across the semiconductor device, respectively. The
interplay of the different instabilities leads to complex spatio-temporal
behavior. We find breathing current domains and chaotic spatio-temporal
dynamics in the electrochemical system. Comparing these findings with the
results obtained earlier for the semiconductor system, we outline bifurcation
scenarios leading to complex dynamics in globally coupled bistable systems with
subcritical spatial bifurcations.


  To any trace preserving action $\sigma: G \curvearrowright A$ of a countable
discrete group on a finite von Neumann algebra $A$ and any orthogonal
representation $\pi:G \to \mathcal O(\ell^2_{\mathbb{R}}(G))$, we associate the
generalized q-gaussian von Neumann algebra $A \rtimes_{\sigma}
\Gamma_q^{\pi}(G,K)$, where $K$ is an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert
space. Specializing to the cases of $\pi$ being trivial or given by
conjugation, we then prove that if $G \curvearrowright A = L^{\infty}(X)$, $G'
\curvearrowright B = L^{\infty}(Y)$ are p.m.p. free ergodic rigid actions, the
commutator subgroups $[G,G]$, $[G',G']$ are ICC, and $G, G'$ belong to a fairly
large class of groups (including all non-amenable groups having the Haagerup
property), then $A \rtimes \Gamma_q(G,K) = B \rtimes \Gamma_q(G',K')$ implies
that $\mathcal R(G \curvearrowright A)$ is stably isomorphic to $\mathcal R(G'
\curvearrowright B)$, where $\mathcal R(G \curvearrowright A), \mathcal R(G'
\curvearrowright B)$ are the countable, p.m.p. equivalence relations
implemented by the actions of $G$ and $G'$ on $A$ and $B$, respectively. Using
results of D. Gaboriau and S. Popa we construct continuously many pair-wise
non-isomorphic von Neumann algebras of the form $L^{\infty}(X) \rtimes
\Gamma_q(\mathbb{F}_n,K)$, for suitable free ergodic rigid p.m.p. actions
$\mathbb{F}_n \curvearrowright X$.


  We rigorously investigated the charge-charge correlation function of the
ionic Hubbard model in two dimensions by reflection positivity. We prove the
existence of charge-density waves for large staggered potential $\Delta$ (i.e.,
$\frac{\Delta}{2}+2V>U$) at low temperatures, where $U$ and $V$ are the on-site
and nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsions, respectively. The results are
consistent with previous numerical simulation results. We argue that the
absence of charge-density waves for $\Delta=0$ and $U$ are large enough (i.e.,
$U>\frac{\Delta}{2}$+2V).


  During the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people shared their
symptoms across Online Social Networks (OSNs) like Twitter, hoping for others'
advice or moral support. Prior studies have shown that those who disclose
health-related information across OSNs often tend to regret it and delete their
publications afterwards. Hence, deleted posts containing sensitive data can be
seen as manifestations of online regrets. In this work, we present an analysis
of deleted content on Twitter during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. For
this, we collected more than 3.67 million tweets describing COVID-19 symptoms
(e.g., fever, cough, and fatigue) posted between January and April 2020. We
observed that around 24% of the tweets containing personal pronouns were
deleted either by their authors or by the platform after one year. As a
practical application of the resulting dataset, we explored its suitability for
the automatic classification of regrettable content on Twitter.