  The observations of the two-periodic magnetic cataclysmic system EX Hya have
been carried out, using the telescopes RC16 and TOA-150 of the Tzec Maun
observatory. 6 nights of observations were obtained in 2010-2011 (alternatively
changing filters VR). Also the databases of WASP, ASAS and AAVSO have been
analyzed. Processing time series was carried out using the program MCV. We
analyzed changes in the rotation period of the white dwarf, and based on our
own and previously published moments of maximum. The ephemeris was determined
for the maxima of the radiation flux associated with the rotation of the
magnetic white dwarf: Tmax=2437699.89079(59)
+0.0465464808(69).E-6.3(2)*10^{-13}E^2, which corresponds to the characteristic
timescale of the rotation spin-up of 4.67(14)*10^6 years. This contradicts the
estimated value of the mass of the white dwarf of 0.42M_\odot, based on X-ray
observations made by Yuasa et al (2010), however, is consistent with estimates
of the masses of 0.79 M_\odot (white dwarf) and 0.108 M_\odot (red dwarf)
previously published Beuermann and Reinsch (2008), and the assumption that the
capture of accreted plasma by magnetic field of the white dwarf is near the
border of the Roche lobe. Analyzed moments do not support the assumption of
Mauche et al (2009) for a statistically significant cubic term in the
ephemeris. Despite the presence of outbursts in EX Hya, there are significant
differences from the DO Dra, which supports the introduction to a detailed
classification of the intermediate polars the groups of "outbursting
intermediate polars" and "magnetic dwarf novae."


  It has been shown recently that a simple formula in terms of the valence
nucleon numbers and the mass number can describe the essential trends of
excitation energies of the first $2^+$ states in even-even nuclei. By
evaluating the first order energy shift due to the zero-range residual
interaction, we find that the factor which reflects the effective particle
number participating in the interaction from the Fermi orbit governs the main
dependence of the first $2^+$ excitation energy on the valence nucleon numbers.


  Deformed correlated Gaussian basis functions are introduced and their matrix
elements are calculated. These basis functions can be used to solve problems
with nonspherical potentials. One example of such potential is the dipole
self-interaction term in the Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian. Examples are presented
showing the accuracy and necessity of deformed Gaussian basis functions to
accurately solve light-matter coupled systems in cavity QED.


  The spacetime superalgebra via the supermembrane probe in the background of
AdS_4 \times S^7 is discussed to the lowest order in the spinor coordinate
$\t$. To obtain the correct spacetime superalgebras, all $\t^2$ order
corrections for supervielbein and super 3-form gauge potential have to be
included. The central extension of the superalgebra OSp(8|4) of the super
isometries for AdS_4 \times S^7 is found.


  We present a new Unbiased Minimal Variance (UMV) estimator for the purpose of
reconstructing the large--scale structure of the universe from noisy, sparse
and incomplete data. Similar to the Wiener Filter (WF), the UMV estimator is
derived by requiring the linear minimal variance solution given the data and an
assumed prior model specifying the underlying field covariance matrix. However,
unlike the WF, the minimization is carried out with the added constraint of an
unbiased reconstructed mean field. The new estimator does not necessitate a
noise model to estimate the underlying field; however, such a model is required
for evaluating the errors at each point in space. The general application of
the UMV estimator is to predict the values of the reconstructed field in
un-sampled regions of space (e.g., interpolation in the unobserved Zone of
Avoidance), and to dynamically transform from one measured field to another
(e.g., inversion of radial peculiar velocities to over-densities). Here, we
provide two very simple applications of the method. The first, is to recover a
1D signal from noisy, convolved data with gaps, e.g., CMB time-ordered data.
The second application is a reconstruction of the density and 3D peculiar
velocity fields from mock SEcat galaxy peculiar velocity catalogs.


  This work presents BanglaNLG, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating
natural language generation (NLG) models in Bangla, a widely spoken yet
low-resource language. We aggregate six challenging conditional text generation
tasks under the BanglaNLG benchmark, introducing a new dataset on dialogue
generation in the process. Furthermore, using a clean corpus of 27.5 GB of
Bangla data, we pretrain BanglaT5, a sequence-to-sequence Transformer language
model for Bangla. BanglaT5 achieves state-of-the-art performance in all of
these tasks, outperforming several multilingual models by up to 9% absolute
gain and 32% relative gain. We are making the new dialogue dataset and the
BanglaT5 model publicly available at https://github.com/csebuetnlp/BanglaNLG in
the hope of advancing future research on Bangla NLG.


  We point out that the observed neutrino mixing pattern at low energies is
very likely to originate from the 3 times 3 lepton flavor mixing matrix U which
possesses the exact mu-tau permutation symmetry |U_{mu i}| = |U_{tau i}| (for
i=1,2,3) at a superhigh energy scale Lambda_{mu tau} \sim 10^{14} GeV. The
deviation of theta_{23} from 45^\circ and that of delta from 270^\circ in the
standard parametrization of U are therefore a natural consequence of small
mu-tau symmetry breaking via the renormalization-group equations (RGEs) running
from Lambda_{mu tau} down to the electroweak scale Lambda_{EW} \sim 10^2 GeV.
In fitting current experimental data we find that the RGE-corrected value of
theta_{23} is uniquely correlated with the neutrino mass ordering: theta_{23}
\simeq 42.4^\circ reported by Capozzi et al (or theta_{23} \simeq 48.9^\circ
reported by Forero et al) at Lambda_{EW} can arise from theta_{23} = 45^\circ
at Lambda_{mu tau} in the minimal supersymmetric standard model if the neutrino
mass ordering is inverted (or normal). Accordingly, the preliminary best-fit
results of delta at Lambda_{EW} can also evolve from delta = 270^\circ at
Lambda_{mu tau} no matter whether the massive neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana
particles.


  We refine Matveev's result asserting that any two closed oriented 3-manifolds
can be related by a sequence of borromean surgeries if and only if they have
isomorphic first homology groups and linking pairings. Indeed, a borromean
surgery induces a canonical isomorphism between the first homology groups of
the involved 3-manifolds, which preserves the linking pairing. We prove that
any such isomorphism is induced by a sequence of borromean surgeries. As an
intermediate result, we prove that a given algebraic square finite presentation
of the first homology group of a 3-manifold, which encodes the linking pairing,
can always be obtained from a surgery presentation of the manifold.


  With the rapid development of NLP research, leaderboards have emerged as one
tool to track the performance of various systems on various NLP tasks. They are
effective in this goal to some extent, but generally present a rather
simplistic one-dimensional view of the submitted systems, communicated only
through holistic accuracy numbers. In this paper, we present a new
conceptualization and implementation of NLP evaluation: the ExplainaBoard,
which in addition to inheriting the functionality of the standard leaderboard,
also allows researchers to (i) diagnose strengths and weaknesses of a single
system (e.g.~what is the best-performing system bad at?) (ii) interpret
relationships between multiple systems. (e.g.~where does system A outperform
system B? What if we combine systems A, B, and C?) and (iii) examine prediction
results closely (e.g.~what are common errors made by multiple systems, or in
what contexts do particular errors occur?). So far, ExplainaBoard covers more
than 400 systems, 50 datasets, 40 languages, and 12 tasks. ExplainaBoard keeps
updated and is recently upgraded by supporting (1) multilingual multi-task
benchmark, (2) meta-evaluation, and (3) more complicated task: machine
translation, which reviewers also suggested.} We not only released an online
platform on the website \url{http://explainaboard.nlpedia.ai/} but also make
our evaluation tool an API with MIT Licence at Github
\url{https://github.com/neulab/explainaBoard} and PyPi
\url{https://pypi.org/project/interpret-eval/} that allows users to
conveniently assess their models offline. We additionally release all output
files from systems that we have run or collected to motivate "output-driven"
research in the future.


  We have built a code to numerically solve the Riemann problem in ideal
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) for an arbitrary initial condition to investigate a
variety of solutions more thoroughly. The code can handle not only regular
solutions, in which no intermediate shocks are involved, but also all types of
non-regular solutions if any. As a first application, we explored the
neighborhood of the initial condition that was first picked up by Brio & Wu
(1988) and has been frequently employed in the literature as a standard problem
to validate numerical codes. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that there
will always be a regular solution, we found an initial condition, for which
there is no regular solution but a non-regular one. The latter solution has
only regular solutions in its neighborhood and actually sits on the boundary of
regular solutions. This implies that the regular solutions are not sufficient
to solve the ideal MHD Riemann problem and suggests that at least some types of
non-regular solutions are physical. We also demonstrate that the non-regular
solutions are not unique. In fact, we found for the Brio & Wu initial condition
that there are uncountably many non-regular solutions. This poses an intriguing
question: why a particular non-regular solution is always obtained in numerical
simulations? This has important ramifications to the discussion of which
intermediate shocks are really admissible.


  The C. Neumann system describes a particle on the sphere S^n under the
influence of a potential that is a quadratic form. We study the case that the
quadratic form has l+1 distinct eigenvalues with multiplicity. Each group of
m_\sigma equal eigenvalues gives rise to an O(m_\sigma)-symmetry in
configuration space. The combined symmetry group G is a direct product of l+1
such factors, and its cotangent lift has an Ad^*-equivariant Momentum mapping.
Regular reduction leads to the Rosochatius system on S^l, which has the same
form as the Neumann system albeit for an additional effective potential.
  To understand how the reduced systems fit together we use singular reduction
to construct an embedding of the reduced Poisson space T^*{S^n}/G into
R^{3l+3}$. The global geometry is described, in particular the bundle structure
that appears as a result of the superintegrability of the system. We show how
the reduced Neumann system separates in elliptical-spherical co-ordinates. We
derive the action variables and frequencies as complete hyperelliptic integrals
of genus l. Finally we prove a convexity result for the image of the Casimir
mapping restricted to the energy surface.


  Fault localization is challenging in online micro-service due to the wide
variety of monitoring data volume, types, events and complex interdependencies
in service and components. Faults events in services are propagative and can
trigger a cascade of alerts in a short period of time. In the industry, fault
localization is typically conducted manually by experienced personnel. This
reliance on experience is unreliable and lacks automation. Different modules
present information barriers during manual localization, making it difficult to
quickly align during urgent faults. This inefficiency lags stability assurance
to minimize fault detection and repair time. Though actionable methods aimed to
automatic the process, the accuracy and efficiency are less than satisfactory.
The precision of fault localization results is of paramount importance as it
underpins engineers trust in the diagnostic conclusions, which are derived from
multiple perspectives and offer comprehensive insights. Therefore, a more
reliable method is required to automatically identify the associative
relationships among fault events and propagation path. To achieve this, KGroot
uses event knowledge and the correlation between events to perform root cause
reasoning by integrating knowledge graphs and GCNs for RCA. FEKG is built based
on historical data, an online graph is constructed in real-time when a failure
event occurs, and the similarity between each knowledge graph and online graph
is compared using GCNs to pinpoint the fault type through a ranking strategy.
Comprehensive experiments demonstrate KGroot can locate the root cause with
accuracy of 93.5% top 3 potential causes in second-level. This performance
matches the level of real-time fault diagnosis in the industrial environment
and significantly surpasses state-of-the-art baselines in RCA in terms of
effectiveness and efficiency.


  In this work, we expand and test the capabilities of our recently developed
super-resolution (SR) model to generate high-resolution (HR) realizations of
the full phase-space matter distribution, including both displacement and
velocity, from computationally cheap low-resolution (LR) cosmological N-body
simulations. The SR model enhances the simulation resolution by generating 512
times more tracer particles, extending into the deeply non-linear regime where
complex structure formation processes take place. We validate the SR model by
deploying the model in 10 test simulations of box size 100 Mpc/h, and examine
the matter power spectra, bispectra and 2D power spectra in redshift space. We
find the generated SR field matches the true HR result at percent level down to
scales of k ~ 10 h/Mpc. We also identify and inspect dark matter halos and
their substructures. Our SR model generate visually authentic small-scale
structures, that cannot be resolved by the LR input, and are in good
statistical agreement with the real HR results. The SR model performs
satisfactorily on the halo occupation distribution, halo correlations in both
real and redshift space, and the pairwise velocity distribution, matching the
HR results with comparable scatter, thus demonstrating its potential in making
mock halo catalogs. The SR technique can be a powerful and promising tool for
modelling small-scale galaxy formation physics in large cosmological volumes.


  We present a detailed study of an asymmetrically driven quantum Otto engine
with a time-dependent harmonic oscillator as its working medium. We obtain
analytic expressions for the upper bounds on the efficiency of the engine for
two different driving schemes having asymmetry in the expansion and compression
work strokes. We show that the Otto cycle under consideration cannot operate as
a heat engine in the low-temperature regime. Then, we show that the friction in
the expansion stroke is significantly more detrimental to the performance of
the engine as compared to the friction in the compression stroke. Further, by
comparing the performance of the engine with sudden expansion, sudden
compression, and both sudden strokes, we uncover a pattern of connections
between the operational points, and we indicate the optimal operation regime
for each case. Finally, we analytically characterize the complete phase diagram
of the Otto cycle for both driving schemes and highlight the different
operational modes of the cycle as a heat engine, refrigerator, accelerator, and
heater.


  A cubic surface in $P^3$ is known to contain 27 lines, out of which one can
form 36 Schlafli double - sixes i.e., collections $l_1,...,l_6, l'_1,...,
l'_6\}$ of 12 lines such that each $l_i$ meets only $l'_j, j\neq i$ and does
not meet $l_j, j\neq i$. In 1881 F. Schur proved that any double - six gives
rise to a certain quadric $Q$ , called Schur quadric which is characterized as
follows: for any $i$ the lines $l_i$ and $l'_i$ are orthogonal with respect to
(the quadratic form defining) $Q$. The aim of the paper is to relate Schur's
construction to the theory of vector bundles on $P^2$ and to generalize this
construction along the lines of the said theory.


  Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) superconducting long-length wires are mainly
limited in obtaining high critical currents densities (JC) by the internal gas
pressure generated during the heat treatment, which expands the wire diameter
and dedensifies the superconducting filaments. Several ways have been developed
to increase the density of the superconducting filaments and therefore
decreasing the bubble density: much higher critical currents have been reached
always acting on the final as-drawn wires. We here try to pursue the same goal
of having a denser wire by acting on the deformation technique, through a
partial use of the groove-rolling at different wire processing stages. Such
technique has a larger powders compaction power, is straightforwardly adaptable
to long length samples, and allows the fabrication of samples with round,
square or rectangular shape depending on the application requirements. In this
paper we demonstrate the capability of this technique to increase the density
in Bi-2212 wires which leads to a three-fold increase in Jc with respect to
drawn wires, making this approach very promising for fabricating Bi-2212 wires
for high magnetic field magnets, i.e. above 25 T.


  Call a monomial ideal M "generic" if no variable appears with the same
nonzero exponent in two distinct monomial generators. Using a convex polytope
first studied by Scarf, we obtain a minimal free resolution of M. Any monomial
ideal M can be made generic by deformation of its generating exponents. Thus,
the above construction yields a (usually nonminimal) resolution of M for
arbitrary monomial ideals, bounding the Betti numbers of M in terms of the
Upper Bound Theorem for Convex Polytopes.
  We show that our resolutions are DG-algebras, and consider realizability
questions and irreducible decompositions.


  The traditional setup of link prediction in networks assumes that a test set
of node pairs, which is usually balanced, is available over which to predict
the presence of links. However, in practice, there is no test set: the
ground-truth is not known, so the number of possible pairs to predict over is
quadratic in the number of nodes in the graph. Moreover, because graphs are
sparse, most of these possible pairs will not be links. Thus, link prediction
methods, which often rely on proximity-preserving embeddings or heuristic
notions of node similarity, face a vast search space, with many pairs that are
in close proximity, but that should not be linked. To mitigate this issue, we
introduce LinkWaldo, a framework for choosing from this quadratic,
massively-skewed search space of node pairs, a concise set of candidate pairs
that, in addition to being in close proximity, also structurally resemble the
observed edges. This allows it to ignore some high-proximity but
low-resemblance pairs, and also identify high-resemblance, lower-proximity
pairs. Our framework is built on a model that theoretically combines Stochastic
Block Models (SBMs) with node proximity models. The block structure of the SBM
maps out where in the search space new links are expected to fall, and the
proximity identifies the most plausible links within these blocks, using
locality sensitive hashing to avoid expensive exhaustive search. LinkWaldo can
use any node representation learning or heuristic definition of proximity, and
can generate candidate pairs for any link prediction method, allowing the
representation power of current and future methods to be realized for link
prediction in practice. We evaluate LinkWaldo on 13 networks across multiple
domains, and show that on average it returns candidate sets containing 7-33%
more missing and future links than both embedding-based and heuristic
baselines' sets.


  This paper proposes a formulation of the Active Debris Removal (ADR) Mission
Design problem as a modified Time-Dependent Traveling Salesman Problem (TDTSP).
The TDTSP is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem, whose solution is
the cheapest mono-cyclic tour connecting a number of non-stationary cities in a
map. The problem is tackled with an optimization procedure based on Simulated
Annealing, that efficiently exploits a natural encoding and a careful choice of
mutation operators. The developed algorithm is used to simultaneously optimize
the targets sequence and the rendezvous epochs of an impulsive ADR mission.
Numerical results are presented for sets comprising up to 20 targets.


  Online reconstructing and rendering of large-scale indoor scenes is a
long-standing challenge. SLAM-based methods can reconstruct 3D scene geometry
progressively in real time but can not render photorealistic results. While
NeRF-based methods produce promising novel view synthesis results, their long
offline optimization time and lack of geometric constraints pose challenges to
efficiently handling online input. Inspired by the complementary advantages of
classical 3D reconstruction and NeRF, we thus investigate marrying explicit
geometric representation with NeRF rendering to achieve efficient online
reconstruction and high-quality rendering. We introduce SurfelNeRF, a variant
of neural radiance field which employs a flexible and scalable neural surfel
representation to store geometric attributes and extracted appearance features
from input images. We further extend the conventional surfel-based fusion
scheme to progressively integrate incoming input frames into the reconstructed
global neural scene representation. In addition, we propose a highly-efficient
differentiable rasterization scheme for rendering neural surfel radiance
fields, which helps SurfelNeRF achieve $10\times$ speedups in training and
inference time, respectively. Experimental results show that our method
achieves the state-of-the-art 23.82 PSNR and 29.58 PSNR on ScanNet in
feedforward inference and per-scene optimization settings, respectively.


  Transition-metal dichalcogenides (WTe$_2$ and MoTe$_2$) have drawn much
attention, recently, because of the nonsaturating extremely large
magnetoresistance (XMR) observed in these compounds in addition to the
predictions of likely type-II Weyl semimetals. Contrary to the topological
insulators or Dirac semimetals where XMR is linearly dependent on the field, in
WTe$_2$ and MoTe$_2$ the XMR is nonlinearly dependent on the field, suggesting
an entirely different mechanism. Electron-hole compensation has been proposed
as a mechanism of this nonsaturating XMR in WTe$_2$, while it is yet to be
clear in the case of MoTe$_2$ which has an identical crystal structure of
WTe$_2$ at low temperatures. In this paper, we report low-energy electronic
structure and Fermi surface topology of MoTe$_2$ using angle-resolved
photoemission spectrometry (ARPES) technique and first-principle calculations,
and compare them with that of WTe$_2$ to understand the mechanism of XMR. Our
measurements demonstrate that MoTe$_2$ is an uncompensated semimetal, contrary
to WTe$_2$ in which compensated electron-hole pockets have been identified,
ruling out the applicability of charge compensation theory for the
nonsaturating XMR in MoTe$_2$. In this context, we also discuss the
applicability of the existing other conjectures on the XMR of these compounds.


  An intriguing aspect of unconventional superconductivity is that it always
appears in the vicinity of other competing phases, whose suppression brings the
full emergence of superconductivity. In the iron-pnictides, these competing
phases are marked by a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural transition and a
collinear spin-density-wave (SDW) transition. There has been macroscopic
evidence for competition between these phases and superconductivity as the
magnitude of both the orthorhombicity and magnetic moment are suppressed in the
superconducting state. Here, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on
detwinned underdoped $Ba_{1-x}K_xFe_2As_2$, we observe a coexistence of both
the SDW gap and superconducting gap in the same electronic structure.
Furthermore, our data reveal that following the onset of superconductivity, the
SDW gap decreases in magnitude and shifts in a direction consistent with a
reduction of the orbital anisotropy. This observation provides direct
spectroscopic evidence for the dynamic competition between superconductivity
and both SDW and electronic nematic orders in these materials.


  Memcomputing logic gates generalize the traditional Boolean logic gates for
operation in the reverse direction. According to the literature, this
functionality enables the efficient solution of computationally-intensive
problems including factorization and NP-complete problems. To approach the
deployment of memcomputing gates in hardware, this paper introduces SPICE
models of memcomputing logic gates following their original definition. Using
these models, we demonstrate the behavior of single gates as well as small
self-organizing circuits. We also correct some inconsistencies in the prior
literature. Importantly, the correct schematics of dynamic correction module is
reported here for the first time. Our work makes memcomputing more accessible
to those who are interested in this emerging computing technology.


  Recently, ultra-widefield (UWF) 200\degree~fundus imaging by Optos cameras
has gradually been introduced because of its broader insights for detecting
more information on the fundus than regular 30 degree - 60 degree fundus
cameras. Compared with UWF fundus images, regular fundus images contain a large
amount of high-quality and well-annotated data. Due to the domain gap, models
trained by regular fundus images to recognize UWF fundus images perform poorly.
Hence, given that annotating medical data is labor intensive and time
consuming, in this paper, we explore how to leverage regular fundus images to
improve the limited UWF fundus data and annotations for more efficient
training. We propose the use of a modified cycle generative adversarial network
(CycleGAN) model to bridge the gap between regular and UWF fundus and generate
additional UWF fundus images for training. A consistency regularization term is
proposed in the loss of the GAN to improve and regulate the quality of the
generated data. Our method does not require that images from the two domains be
paired or even that the semantic labels be the same, which provides great
convenience for data collection. Furthermore, we show that our method is robust
to noise and errors introduced by the generated unlabeled data with the
pseudo-labeling technique. We evaluated the effectiveness of our methods on
several common fundus diseases and tasks, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR)
classification, lesion detection and tessellated fundus segmentation. The
experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method simultaneously
achieves superior generalizability of the learned representations and
performance improvements in multiple tasks.


  In economics, risk aversion is modeled via a concave Bernoulli utility within
the expected-utility paradigm. We propose a simple test of expected utility and
concavity. We find little support for either: only 30 percent of the choices
are consistent with a concave utility, only two out of 72 subjects are
consistent with expected utility, and only one of them fits the economic model
of risk aversion. Our findings contrast with the preponderance of seemingly
"risk-averse" choices that have been elicited using the popular multiple-price
list methodology, a result we replicate in this paper. We demonstrate that this
methodology is unfit to measure risk aversion, and that the high prevalence of
risk aversion it produces is due to parametric misspecification.


  We consider the correlated parallel transport through two quantum dots which
are tunnel-coupled to the ends of a semiconductor nanowire where the Majorana
bound states (MBSs) may emerge under proper conditions. In terms of the
cross-correlation of currents, we reveal unusual behaviors originated from the
nonlocal MBSs, including such as the distinct symmetry and antisymmetry of the
spectral density in response to the dot-level modulations, and the vanished
cross correlation occurred when any of the dot-levels is in resonance with the
Majorana zero mode.


  Recently, Farnik asked whether the hat guessing number $\text{HG}(G)$ of a
graph $G$ could be bounded as a function of its degeneracy $d$, and Bosek,
Dudek, Farnik, Grytczuk and Mazur showed that $\text{HG}(G)\ge 2^d$ is
possible. We show that for all $d\ge 1$ there exists a $d$-degenerate graph $G$
for which $\text{HG}(G) \ge 2^{2^{d-1}}$. We also give a new general method for
obtaining upper bounds on $\text{HG}(G)$. The question of whether
$\text{HG}(G)$ is bounded as a function of $d$ remains open.


  Telomeres, the nucleoprotein complexes at the termini of linear chromosomes,
are essential for the processes of end replication, end protection, and
chromatin segregation. The Mre11 complex is involved in multiple cellular roles
in DNA repair and structure in the regulation and function of telomere size
homeostasis. In this study, we characterize yeast telomere chromatin structure,
phenotypic heritability, and chromatin segregation in both wild-type [MRE11]
and A470 motif alleles. MRE11 strains confer a telomere size of 300 base pairs
of G+T irregular simple sequence repeats. This DNA and a portion of
subtelomeric DNA is embedded in a telosome: a MNase-resistant non-nucleosomal
particle. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows a three to four-fold lower
occupancy of Mre11A470T proteins than wild-type proteins in telosomes.
Telosomes containing the Mre11A470T protein confer a greater resistance to
MNase digestion than wild-type telosomes. The integration of a wild-type MRE11
allele into an ectopic locus in the genome of an mre11A470T mutant and the
introduction of an mre11A470T allele at an ectopic site in a wild-type strain
lead to unexpectedly differing results. In each case, the replicated sister
chromatids inherit telosomes containing only the protein encoded by the genomic
mre11 locus, even in the presence of protein encoded by the opposing ectopic
allele. We hypothesize that the telosome segregates by a conservative
mechanism. These data support a mechanism for the linkage between sister
chromatid replication and maintenance of either identical mutant or identical
wild-type telosomes after replication of sister chromatids. These data suggest
the presence of an active mechanism for chromatin segregation in yeast.


  Disturbances in calcium homeostasis in a cardiac myocyte can lead to
calcium-overload conditions and abnormal calcium releases, which occur
primarily in the following two phases of the action potential (AP): (a)
triggered or late calcium release (LCR) during the plateau phase; (b)
spontaneous calcium release (SCR) during the diastolic interval (DI).
Experimental and numerical studies of LCRs and SCRs have suggested that these
abnormal calcium releases can lead to triggered excitations and, thence to
life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. We explore this suggestion in detail
by building on our work in the previous accompanying Paper I, where we have
studied abnormal calcium releases and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in
two state-of-the-art mathematical models for human ventricular myocytes. Here,
we carry out a detailed \textit{in-silico} study of one of these models,
namely, the ten Tusscher-Panfilov TP06~\cite{ten2006alternans} model. We
increase the L-type Ca-channel current $I_{\rm{CaL}}$ to trigger LCRs, and
calcium leak through the ryanodine receptor (RyR) to trigger SCRs, in the
myocyte. We then perform multiscale simulations of coupled TP06-model myocytes
in tissue in one-, two-, and three-dimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) domains, with
clumps of DAD-capable myocytes, to demonstrate how these clumps precipitate
premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) that lead, in turn, to fibrillatory
excitations like spiral and scroll waves. We examine possible pharmacological
implications of our study for the class of ventricular arrhythmias that result
from Ca\textsuperscript{2+} overload.


  Given a metric space $X$, an Analyst's Traveling Salesman Theorem for $X$
gives a quantitative relationship between the length of a shortest curve
containing any subset $E\subseteq X$ and a multi-scale sum measuring the
``flatness'' of $E$. The first such theorem was proven by Jones for $X =
\mathbb{R}^2$ and extended to $X = \mathbb{R}^n$ by Okikiolu, while an
analogous theorem was proven for Hilbert space, $X = H$, by Schul. Bishop has
since shown that if one considers Jordan arcs, then the quantitative
relationship given by Jones' and Okikioulu's results can be sharpened. This
paper gives a full proof of Schul's original necessary half of the traveling
salesman theorem in Hilbert space and provides a sharpening of the theorem's
quantitative relationship when restricted to Jordan arcs analogous to Bishop's
aforementioned sharpening in $\mathbb{R}^n$.


  In this article we study Ammann tilings from the perspective of symplectic
geometry. Ammann tilings are nonperiodic tilings that are related to
quasicrystals with icosahedral symmetry. We associate to each Ammann tiling two
explicitly constructed highly singular symplectic spaces and we show that they
are diffeomorphic but not symplectomorphic. These spaces inherit from the
tiling its very interesting symmetries.


  We develop tensor product finite element cochain complexes of arbitrary
smoothness on Cartesian meshes of arbitrary dimension. The first step is the
construction of a one-dimensional $C^m$-conforming finite element cochain
complex based on a modified Hermite interpolation operator, which is proved to
commute with the exterior derivative by means of a general commutation lemma.
Adhering to a strict tensor product construction we then derive finite element
complexes in higher dimensions.


  Association Rules are a basic concept of data mining. They are, however, not
understood as logical objects which can be used for reasoning. The purpose of
this paper is to investigate a model based semantic for implications with
certain constraints on their support and confidence in relational data, which
then resemble association rules, and to present a possibility to decide
entailment for them.


  It is informally understood that the purpose of modal type constructors in
programming calculi is to control the flow of information between types. In
order to lend rigorous support to this idea, we study the category of
classified sets, a variant of a denotational semantics for information flow
proposed by Abadi et al. We use classified sets to prove multiple
noninterference theorems for modalities of a monadic and comonadic flavour. The
common machinery behind our theorems stems from the the fact that classified
sets are a (weak) model of Lawvere's theory of axiomatic cohesion. In the
process, we show how cohesion can be used for reasoning about multi-modal
settings. This leads to the conclusion that cohesion is a particularly useful
setting for the study of both information flow, but also modalities in type
theory and programming languages at large.


  We study a general set of models of social network evolution and dynamics.
The models consist of both a dynamics on the network and evolution of the
network. Links are formed preferentially between 'similar' nodes, where the
similarity is defined by the particular process taking place on the network.
The interplay between the two processes produces phase transitions and
hysteresis, as seen using numerical simulations for three specific processes.
We obtain analytic results using mean field approximations, and for a
particular case we derive an exact solution for the network. In common with
real-world social networks, we find coexistence of high and low connectivity
phases and history dependence.


  This paper develops a mathematical model describing the influence that
conjugation-mediated Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) has on the
mutation-selection balance in an asexually reproducing population of
unicellular, prokaryotic organisms. It is assumed that mutation-selection
balance is reached in the presence of a fixed background concentration of
antibiotic, to which the population must become resistant in order to survive.
We analyze the behavior of the model in the limit of low and high
antibiotic-induced first-order death rate constants, and find that the highest
mean fitness is obtained at low rates of bacterial conjugation. As the rate of
conjugation crosses a threshold, the mean fitness decreases to a minimum, and
then rises asymptotically to a limiting value as the rate of conjugation
becomes infinitely large. However, this limiting value is smaller than the mean
fitness obtained in the limit of low conjugation rate. This dependence of the
mean fitness on the conjugation rate is fairly small for the parameter ranges
we have considered, and disappears as the first-order death rate constant due
to the presence of antibiotic approaches zero. For large values of the
antibiotic death rate constant, we have obtained an analytical solution for the
behavior of the mean fitness that agrees well with the results of simulations.
The results of this paper suggest that conjugation-mediated HGT has a slightly
deleterious effect on the mean fitness of a population at mutation-selection
balance. Therefore, we argue that HGT confers a selective advantage by allowing
for faster adaptation to a new or changing environment. The results of this
paper are consistent with the observation that HGT can be promoted by
environmental stresses on a population.


  This paper is motivated by the interplay between the Tamari lattice, J.-L.
Loday's realization of the associahedron, and J.-L. Loday and M. Ronco's Hopf
algebra on binary trees. We show that these constructions extend in the world
of acyclic $k$-triangulations, which were already considered as the vertices of
V. Pilaud and F. Santos' brick polytopes. We describe combinatorially a natural
surjection from the permutations to the acyclic $k$-triangulations. We show
that the fibers of this surjection are the classes of the congruence $\equiv^k$
on $\mathfrak{S}_n$ defined as the transitive closure of the rewriting rule $U
ac V_1 b_1 \cdots V_k b_k W \equiv^k U ca V_1 b_1 \cdots V_k b_k W$ for letters
$a < b_1, \dots, b_k < c$ and words $U, V_1, \dots, V_k, W$ on $[n]$. We then
show that the increasing flip order on $k$-triangulations is the lattice
quotient of the weak order by this congruence. Moreover, we use this surjection
to define a Hopf subalgebra of C. Malvenuto and C. Reutenauer's Hopf algebra on
permutations, indexed by acyclic $k$-triangulations, and to describe the
product and coproduct in this algebra and its dual in term of combinatorial
operations on acyclic $k$-triangulations. Finally, we extend our results in
three directions, describing a Cambrian, a tuple, and a Schr\"oder version of
these constructions.


  Due to the popularity of the Internet and smart mobile devices, more and more
financial transactions and activities have been digitalized. Compared to
traditional financial fraud detection strategies using credit-related features,
customers are generating a large amount of unstructured behavioral data every
second. In this paper, we propose an Recurrent Neural Netword (RNN) based
deep-learning structure integrated with Markov Transition Field (MTF) for
predicting online fraud behaviors using customer's interactions with websites
or smart-phone apps as a series of states. In practice, we tested and proved
that the proposed network structure for processing sequential behavioral data
could significantly boost fraud predictive ability comparing with the
multilayer perceptron network and distance based classifier with Dynamic Time
Warping(DTW) as distance metric.


  We report experimental and theoretical studies on the magnetic and
thermodynamic properties of NIT-2Py, a free radical-based organic magnet. From
magnetization and specific heat measurements we establish the temperature
versus magnetic field phase diagram which includes two Bose-Einstein
condensates (BEC) and an infrequent half magnetization plateau. Calculations
based on density functional theory demonstrates that magnetically this system
can be mapped to a quasi-two-dimensional structure of weakly coupled tetramers.
Density matrix renormalization group calculations show the unusual
characteristics of the BECs where the spins forming the low-field condensate
are different than those participating in the high-field one.


  Large language models have been shown to struggle with multi-step reasoning,
and do not retain previous reasoning steps for future use. We propose a simple
method for solving both of these problems by allowing the model to take
Self-Notes. Unlike recent chain-of-thought or scratchpad approaches, the model
can deviate from the input context at any time to explicitly think and write
down its thoughts. This allows the model to perform reasoning on the fly as it
reads the context and even integrate previous reasoning steps, thus enhancing
its memory with useful information and enabling multi-step reasoning.
Experiments across a wide variety of tasks demonstrate that our method can
outperform chain-of-thought and scratchpad methods by taking Self-Notes that
interleave the input text.


  In [3] we constructed the parity-biquandle bracket valued in {\em pictures}
(linear combinations of $4$-valent graphs). We gave no example of classical
links such that the parity-biquandle bracket of which is not trivial. In the
present paper we slightly change the notation of the parity-biquandle bracket
and give examples of knots and links having a non-trivial parity-biquandle
bracket. As a result we get the minimality theorem. This is the first evidence
that graphs (link shadows) appear as invariants of link diagrams instead of
just polynomials groups and other tractable objects.


  A major part of this paper is devoted to an in-depth study of j-operators and
their properties. This study enables us to obtain several results on liftings
and weak liftings of DG modules along simple extensions of DG algebras and
unify the proofs of the existing results obtained by the authors on these
subjects. Finally, we provide a new characterization of the (weak) lifting
property of DG modules along simple extensions of DG algebras.


  Dirac proved that each $n$-vertex $2$-connected graph with minimum degree $k$
contains a cycle of length at least $\min\{2k, n\}$. We obtain analogous
results for Berge cycles in hypergraphs. Recently, the authors proved an exact
lower bound on the minimum degree ensuring a Berge cycle of length at least
$\min\{2k, n\}$ in $n$-vertex $r$-uniform $2$-connected hypergraphs when $k
\geq r+2$. In this paper we address the case $k \leq r+1$ in which the bounds
have a different behavior. We prove that each $n$-vertex $r$-uniform
$2$-connected hypergraph $H$ with minimum degree $k$ contains a Berge cycle of
length at least $\min\{2k,n,|E(H)|\}$. If $|E(H)|\geq n$, this bound coincides
with the bound of the Dirac's Theorem for 2-connected graphs.


  The escalating complexity of micro-services architecture in cloud-native
technologies poses significant challenges for maintaining system stability and
efficiency. To conduct root cause analysis (RCA) and resolution of alert
events, we propose a pioneering framework, multi-Agent Blockchain-inspired
Collaboration for root cause analysis in micro-services architecture (mABC), to
revolutionize the AI for IT operations (AIOps) domain, where multiple agents
based on the powerful large language models (LLMs) perform blockchain-inspired
voting to reach a final agreement following a standardized process for
processing tasks and queries provided by Agent Workflow. Specifically, seven
specialized agents derived from Agent Workflow each provide valuable insights
towards root cause analysis based on their expertise and the intrinsic software
knowledge of LLMs collaborating within a decentralized chain. To avoid
potential instability issues in LLMs and fully leverage the transparent and
egalitarian advantages inherent in a decentralized structure, mABC adopts a
decision-making process inspired by blockchain governance principles while
considering the contribution index and expertise index of each agent.
Experimental results on the public benchmark AIOps challenge dataset and our
created train-ticket dataset demonstrate superior performance in accurately
identifying root causes and formulating effective solutions, compared to
previous strong baselines. The ablation study further highlights the
significance of each component within mABC, with Agent Workflow, multi-agent,
and blockchain-inspired voting being crucial for achieving optimal performance.
mABC offers a comprehensive automated root cause analysis and resolution in
micro-services architecture and achieves a significant improvement in the AIOps
domain compared to existing baselines


  We consider the problem where $N$ agents collaboratively interact with an
instance of a stochastic $K$ arm bandit problem for $K \gg N$. The agents aim
to simultaneously minimize the cumulative regret over all the agents for a
total of $T$ time steps, the number of communication rounds, and the number of
bits in each communication round. We present Limited Communication
Collaboration - Upper Confidence Bound (LCC-UCB), a doubling-epoch based
algorithm where each agent communicates only after the end of the epoch and
shares the index of the best arm it knows. With our algorithm, LCC-UCB, each
agent enjoys a regret of $\tilde{O}\left(\sqrt{({K/N}+ N)T}\right)$,
communicates for $O(\log T)$ steps and broadcasts $O(\log K)$ bits in each
communication step. We extend the work to sparse graphs with maximum degree
$K_G$, and diameter $D$ and propose LCC-UCB-GRAPH which enjoys a regret bound
of $\tilde{O}\left(D\sqrt{(K/N+ K_G)DT}\right)$. Finally, we empirically show
that the LCC-UCB and the LCC-UCB-GRAPH algorithm perform well and outperform
strategies that communicate through a central node


  Light field cameras, by harnessing the power of micro-lens array, are capable
of capturing intricate angular and spatial details. This allows for acquiring
complex light patterns and details from multiple angles, significantly
enhancing the precision of image semantic segmentation, a critical aspect of
scene interpretation in vision intelligence. However, the extensive angular
information of light field cameras contains a large amount of redundant data,
which is overwhelming for the limited hardware resources of intelligent
vehicles. Besides, inappropriate compression leads to information corruption
and data loss. To excavate representative information, we propose a new
paradigm, Omni-Aperture Fusion model (OAFuser), which leverages dense context
from the central view and discovers the angular information from sub-aperture
images to generate a semantically consistent result. To avoid feature loss
during network propagation and simultaneously streamline the redundant
information from the light field camera, we present a simple yet very effective
Sub-Aperture Fusion Module (SAFM) to embed sub-aperture images into angular
features without any additional memory cost. Furthermore, to address the
mismatched spatial information across viewpoints, we present a Center Angular
Rectification Module (CARM) to realize feature resorting and prevent feature
occlusion caused by asymmetric information. Our proposed OAFuser achieves
state-of-the-art performance on the UrbanLF-Real and -Syn datasets and sets a
new record of 84.93% in mIoU on the UrbanLF-Real Extended dataset, with a gain
of +4.53%. The source code of OAFuser will be available at
https://github.com/FeiBryantkit/OAFuser.


  Dynamical stabilization processes (homeostasis) are ubiquitous in nature, but
energetic resources needed for their existence were not studied systematically.
Here we undertake such a study using the famous model of Kapitza's pendulum,
which attracted attention in the context of classical and quantum control. This
model is generalized and made autonomous. We show that friction and stored
energy stabilize the upper (normally unstable) state of the pendulum. The upper
state can be made asymptotically stable and yet it does not cost any constant
dissipation of energy, only a transient energy dissipation is needed. The
asymptotic stability under a single perturbation does not imply stability with
respect to multiple perturbations. For a range of pendulum-controller
interactions, there is also a regime where constant energy dissipation is
needed for stabilization. Several mechanisms are studied for the decay of
dynamically stabilized states.


  We obtain geodesically complete spacetimes generated by static and rotating
magnetic point sources in an Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory of the Brans-Dicke
type in three dimensions (3D). The theory is specified by three fields, the
dilaton, the graviton and the electromagnetic field, and two parameters, the
cosmological constant and the Brans-Dicke parameter, w. When the Brans-Dicke
parameter is infinity, our solution reduces to the magnetic counterpart of the
BTZ solution, while the w=0 case is equivalent to 4D general relativity with
one Killing vector. The source for the magnetic field can be interpreted as
composed by a system of two symmetric and superposed electric charges. One of
the electric charges is at rest and the other is spinning.


  This contribution discusses the results of an in-situ angular XPS study on
the thermal evolution of the native oxide layer on Nb3Sn and pure Nb. XPS data
were recorded with conventional spectrometers using an AlK(alpha) X-ray source
for spectra collected up to 600 C, and an MgK(Alpha) X-rays source for
temperatures above 600 C. The effect of the thickness, composition, and thermal
stability of that oxide layer is relevant to understanding the functional
properties of superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities used in particle
accelerators. There is a consensus that oxide plays a role in surface
resistance (Rs). The focus of this study is Nb3Sn, which is a promising
material that is used in the manufacturing of superconducting radiofrequency
(SRF) cavities as well as in quantum sensing, and pure Nb, which was included
in the study for comparison. The thermal evolution of the oxide layer in these
two materials is found to be quite different, which is ascribed to the
influence of the Sn atom on the reactivity of the Nb atom in Nb3Sn films. Nb
and Sn atoms in this intermetallic solid have different electronegativity, and
the Sn atom can reduce electron density around neighbouring Nb atoms in the
solid, thus reducing their reactivity for oxygen. This is shown in the
thickness, composition, and thermal stability of the oxide layer formed on
Nb3Sn. The XPS spectra were complemented by grazing incident XRD patterns
collected using the ESRF synchrotron radiation facility. The results discussed
herein shed light on oxide evolution in the Nb3Sn compound and guide its
processing for potential applications of the Nb3Sn-based SRF cavities in
accelerators and other superconducting devices.


  In the paper, the model of the society represented by a social network and
the model of a multi-agent system built on the basis of this, is presented. The
particular aim of the system is to predict the evolution of a society and an
analysis of the communities that appear, their characteristic features and
reasons for coming into being. As an example of application, an analysis was
made of a social portal which makes it possible to offer and reserve places in
rooms for travelling tourists


  Let $X$ be an observable random variable with unknown distribution function
$F(x) = \mathbb{P}(X \leq x), - \infty < x < \infty$, and let \[\ \theta =
\sup\left \{ r \geq 0:~ \mathbb{E}|X|^{r} < \infty \right \}. \] We call
$\theta$ the power of moments of the random variable $X$. Let $X_{1}, X_{2},
..., X_{n}$ be a random sample of size $n$ drawn from $F(\cdot)$. In this paper
we propose the following simple point estimator of $\theta$ and investigate its
asymptotic properties: \[ \hat{\theta}_{n} = \frac{\log n}{\log \max_{1 \leq k
\leq n} |X_{k}|}, \] where $\log x = \ln(e \vee x), ~- \infty < x < \infty$. In
particular, we show that \[ \hat{\theta}_{n} \rightarrow_{\mathbb{P}}
\theta~~\mbox{if and only if}~~ \lim_{x \rightarrow \infty} x^{r}
\mathbb{P}(|X| > x) = \infty ~~\forall~r > \theta. \] This means that, under
very reasonable conditions on $F(\cdot)$, $\hat{\theta}_{n}$ is actually a
consistent estimator of $\theta$. Hypothesis testing for the power of moments
is conducted and, as an application of our main results, the formula for
finding the p-value of the test is given. In addition, a theoretical
application of our main results is provided together with three illustrative
examples.


  The relative smoothing rates of various gauge field smoothing algorithms are
investigated on ${\cal O}(a^2)$-improved $\suthree$ Yang--Mills gauge field
configurations. In particular, an ${\cal O}(a^2)$-improved version of APE
smearing is motivated by considerations of smeared link projection and cooling.
The extent to which the established benefits of improved cooling carry over to
improved smearing is critically examined. We consider representative gauge
field configurations generated with an ${\cal O}(a^2)$-improved gauge field
action on $\1$ lattices at $\beta=4.38$ and $\2$ lattices at $\beta=5.00$
having lattice spacings of 0.165(2) fm and 0.077(1) fm respectively. While the
merits of improved algorithms are clearly displayed for the coarse lattice
spacing, the fine lattice results put the various algorithms on a more equal
footing and allow a quantitative calibration of the smoothing rates for the
various algorithms. We find the relative rate of variation in the action may be
succinctly described in terms of simple calibration formulae which accurately
describe the relative smoothness of the gauge field configurations at a
microscopic level.


  Person re-identification is a challenging task due to various complex
factors. Recent studies have attempted to integrate human parsing results or
externally defined attributes to help capture human parts or important object
regions. On the other hand, there still exist many useful contextual cues that
do not fall into the scope of predefined human parts or attributes. In this
paper, we address the missed contextual cues by exploiting both the accurate
human parts and the coarse non-human parts. In our implementation, we apply a
human parsing model to extract the binary human part masks \emph{and} a
self-attention mechanism to capture the soft latent (non-human) part masks. We
verify the effectiveness of our approach with new state-of-the-art performances
on three challenging benchmarks: Market-1501, DukeMTMC-reID and CUHK03. Our
implementation is available at https://github.com/ggjy/P2Net.pytorch.


  In this paper the global existence of weak solutions to the relativistic BGK
model for the relativistic Boltzmann equation is analyzed. The proof relies on
the strong compactness of the density, velocity and temperature under minimal
assumptions on the control of some moments of the initial condition together
with the initial entropy.


  We consider a gas of bosonic particles confined in a box with Neumann
boundary conditions. We prove Bose-Einstein condensation in the
Gross-Pitaevskii regime, with an optimal bound on the condensate depletion. Our
lower bound for the ground state energy in the box implies (via Neumann
bracketing) a lower bound for the ground state energy of the Bose gas in the
thermodynamic limit.


  We study a class of Bayesian online selection problems with matroid
constraints. Consider a vendor who has several items to sell, with the set of
sold items being subject to some structural constraints, e.g., the set of sold
items should be independent with respect to some matroid. Each item has an
offer value drawn independently from a known distribution. Given distribution
information for each item, the vendor wishes to maximize their expected revenue
by carefully choosing which offers to accept as they arrive.
  Such problems have been studied extensively when the vendor's revenue is
compared with the offline optimum, referred to as the "prophet". In this
setting, a tight 2-competitive algorithm is known when the vendor is limited to
selling independent sets from a matroid [Kleinberg and Weinberg, 2012]. We turn
our attention to the online optimum, or "philosopher", and ask how well the
vendor can do with polynomial-time computation, compared to a vendor with
unlimited computation but with the same limited distribution information about
offers.
  We show that when the underlying constraints are laminar and the arrival of
buyers follows a natural "left-to-right" order, there is a Polynomial-Time
Approximation Scheme for maximizing the vendor's revenue. We also show that
such a result is impossible for the related case when the underlying
constraints correspond to a graphic matroid. In particular, it is
$\texttt{PSPACE}$-hard to approximate the philosopher's expected revenue to
some fixed constant $\alpha < 1$; moreover, this cannot be alleviated by
requirements on the arrival order in the case of graphic matroids.


  We construct a 2-generator recursively presented group with infinite torsion
length. We also explore the construction in the context of solvable and
word-hyperbolic groups.


  The dynamics of a nonconservative Gross-Pitaevskii equation for trapped
atomic systems with attractive two-body interaction is numerically
investigated, considering wide variations of the nonconservative parameters,
related to atomic feeding and dissipation. We study the possible limitations of
the mean field description for an atomic condensate with attractive two-body
interaction, by defining the parameter regions where stable or unstable
formation can be found. The present study is useful and timely considering the
possibility of large variations of attractive two-body scattering lengths,
which may be feasible in recent experiments.


  We present a comprehensive analysis of quantum fluctuation effects in the
superfluid ground state of an attractively interacting Fermi system, employing
the attractive Hubbard model as a prototype. The superfluid order parameter,
and fluctuations thereof, are implemented by a bosonic Hubbard-Stratonovich
field, which splits into two components corresponding to longitudinal and
transverse (Goldstone) fluctuations. Physical properties of the system are
computed from a set of approximate flow equations obtained by truncating the
exact functional renormalization group flow of the coupled fermion-boson
action. The equations capture the influence of fluctuations on non-universal
quantities such as the fermionic gap, as well as the universal infrared
asymptotics present in every fermionic superfluid. We solve the flow equations
numerically in two dimensions and compute the asymptotic behavior analytically
in two and three dimensions. The fermionic gap \Delta is reduced significantly
compared to the mean-field gap, and the bosonic order parameter \alpha, which
is equivalent to \Delta in mean-field theory, is suppressed to values below
\Delta by fluctuations. The fermion-boson vertex is only slightly renormalized.
In the infrared regime, transverse order parameter fluctuations associated with
the Goldstone mode lead to a strong renormalization of longitudinal
fluctuations: the longitudinal mass and the bosonic self-interaction vanish
linearly as a function of the scale in two dimensions, and logarithmically in
three dimensions, in agreement with the exact behavior of an interacting Bose
gas.


  I discuss how the ideas associated with Seesaws, first introduced in the
context of neutrino masses, are generally useful for understanding the very
disparate scales one encounters in particle physics. From this point of view,
the energy scale characterizing the Universe's dark energy presents a real
challenge. A natural Seesaw explanation for this scale ensues if one imagines
tying the dark energy sector to the neutrino sector, but this idea requires
bold new dynamics.


  We introduce a new algorithm for finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of
Hermitian matrices within a specified region, based upon the LANSO algorithm of
Parlett and Scott. It uses selective reorthogonalization to avoid the
duplication of eigenpairs in finite-precision arithmetic, but uses a new bound
to decide when such reorthogonalization is required, and only reorthogonalizes
with respect to eigenpairs within the region of interest. We investigate its
performance for the Hermitian Wilson--Dirac operator (\gamma_5D) in lattice
quantum chromodynamics, and compare it with previous methods.


  The interplay between the virus, infected cells and the immune responses to
SARS-CoV-2 is still under debate. Extending the basic model of viral dynamics
we propose here a formal approach to describe the neutralizing versus weakly
(or non-)neutralizing scenarios and compare with the possible effects of
antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The theoretical model is consistent with
data available from the literature; we show that weakly neutralizing antibodies
or ADE can both give rise to either final virus clearance or disease
progression, but the immuno-dynamic is different in each case. Given that a
significant part of the world population is already naturally immunized or
vaccinated, we also discuss the implications on secondary infections infections
following vaccination or in presence of immune system dysfunctions.


  We establish a complete set of hydrodynamic equations for a spin-1
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which are equivalent to the multi-component
Gross-Pitaevskii equations and expressed in terms of only observable physical
quantities: the spin density and the nematic (or quadrupolar) tensor in
addition to the density and the mass current that appear in the hydrodynamic
description of a scalar BEC. The obtained hydrodynamic equations involve a
generalized Mermin-Ho relation that is valid regardless of the spatiotemporal
dependence of the spin polarization. Low-lying collec- tive modes for phonons
and magnons are reproduced by linearizing the hydrodynamic equations. We also
apply the single-mode approximation to the hydrodynamic equations and find a
complete set of analytic solutions.


  We observe that the pp wave limit of $AdS_5\times M^5$ compactifications of
type IIB string theory is universal, and maximally supersymmetric, as long as
$M^5$ is smooth and preserves some supersymmetry. We investigate a specific
case, $M^5=T^{1,1}$. The dual ${\cal N}=1$ SCFT, describing D3-branes at a
conifold singularity, has operators that we identify with the oscillators of
the light-cone string in the universal pp-wave background. The correspondence
is remarkable in that it relies on the exact spectrum of anomalous dimensions
in this CFT, along with the existence of certain exceptional series of
operators whose dimensions are protected only in the limit of large `t Hooft
coupling. We also briefly examine the singular case $M^5=S^5/Z_2$, for which
the pp wave background becomes a $Z_2$ orbifold of the maximally supersymmetric
background by reflection of 4 transverse coordinates. We find operators in the
corresponding ${\cal N}=2$ SCFT with the right properties to describe both the
untwisted and the twisted sectors of the closed string.


  The peculiar velocity of the Local Group, reconstructed from inhomogeneities
in the local density field, differs in direction and magnitude from the
velocity inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background dipole. We investigate
whether generalized theories of gravity, which predict a modified growth of
perturbations, are able to alleviate this discrepancy. We introduce a general
formalism for calculating the real-space peculiar-velocity field for modified
gravity and theories with interactions in the dark sector. For different
classes of theories - scalar tensor and higher-dimensional gravity - we
reconstruct the Local Group peculiar velocity using groups of galaxies
identified in the 2MASS Redshift Survey. We show that, for realistic
parameters, modifications to General Relativity cannot account for the angular
discrepancy between the reconstructed Local Group velocity and the dipole in
the Cosmic Microwave Background.


  Satellite imagery is becoming increasingly accessible due to the growing
number of orbiting commercial satellites. Many applications make use of such
images: agricultural management, meteorological prediction, damage assessment
from natural disasters, or cartography are some of the examples. Unfortunately,
these images can be easily tampered and modified with image manipulation tools
damaging downstream applications. Because the nature of the manipulation
applied to the image is typically unknown, unsupervised methods that don't
require prior knowledge of the tampering techniques used are preferred. In this
paper, we use ensembles of generative autoregressive models to model the
distribution of the pixels of the image in order to detect potential
manipulations. We evaluate the performance of the presented approach obtaining
accurate localization results compared to previously presented approaches.


  We observe dark-state polariton collapses and revivals in a quantum memory
based on electromagnetically induced transparency on a cloud of cold cesium
atoms in a magnetic field. Using $\sigma^+$ polarized signal and control beams
in the direction of the magnetic field, we suppress the dark-state polariton
collapses by polarizing the atoms towards one of the stretched Zeeman states
and optimizing the frequency detuning of the control beam. In this way, we
demonstrate a quantum memory with only partial dark-state polariton collapses,
making the memory usable at any storage time, not only at discretized times of
revivals. We obtain storage time of more than 400 $\rm{\mu}$s, which is ten
times longer than what we can achieve by trying to annul the magnetic field.


  We study the effect of neutrino trapping on the phase diagram of dense,
locally neutral three-flavor quark matter within the framework of a
Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. In the analysis, dynamically generated quark masses
are taken into account self-consistently. The phase diagrams in the plane of
temperature and quark chemical potential, as well as in the plane of
temperature and lepton-number chemical potential are presented. We show that
neutrino trapping favors two-flavor color superconductivity and disfavors the
color-flavor-locked phase at intermediate densities of matter. At the same
time, the location of the critical line separating the two-flavor
color-superconducting phase and the normal phase of quark matter is little
affected by the presence of neutrinos. The implications of these results for
the evolution of protoneutron stars are briefly discussed.


  In this article, the maximal length of a chain of paramagnetic particles with
magnetic anisotropy in a rotating magnetic field is studied. The theory of
paramagnetic particle chains usually assumes that the particles are
magnetically isotropic and do not rotate in a rotating field. In experiments it
is seen that spherical paramagnetic particles rotate, which can be explained by
small magnetic anisotropy. In this article, the maximal chain length is
calculated for paramagnetic particles with magnetic anisotropy in a rotating
magnetic field. Results show that the maximal chain length as a function of
field frequency has the same trend for isotropic magnetic particles and
particles with magnetic anisotropy if the field frequency is much higher or
much lower than the critical frequency of an individual particle. blue
Initially randomly distributed particles will form chains that will collide and
exchange with particles till they obtain a typical chain length. The typical
chain length of a small cluster is shorter than the maximal chain length of an
isolated chain for the same field frequency. The distribution of chain lengths
in a small cluster of chains is narrower for particles with higher magnetic
anisotropy. Due to the narrower distribution of chain lengths, particles with
magnetic anisotropy can suit better for mass-production. This article will show
how magnetic anisotropy parameters of paramagnetic particles influence chain
length of chains which form in a rotating magnetic field.


  Ultrafast optical excitations allow creating new metastable and hidden states
in quantum materials. However, the fundamental material properties required to
support new emergent order are largely unknown. Here we show for two colossal
magnetoresistive (CMR) manganites that electronic phase separation (EPS)
strongly favors non-thermal behavior and exploit this to stabilize an
optically-induced conducting state. Our results shed light on the role of EPS
in optical control of CMR manganites and provide guidance for the design of
materials that can exhibit non-equilibrium states of matter.


  We present the new results of the Wuppertal-Budapest lattice QCD
collaboration on flavor diagonal and non-diagonal quark number susceptibilities
with 2+1 staggered quark flavors, in a temperature regime between 120 and 400
MeV. A Symanzik improved gauge and a stout-link improved staggered fermion
action is utilized; the light and strange quark masses are set to their
physical values. Lattices with $N_t=6, 8, 10, 12$ are used. We perform a
continuum extrapolation of those observables for which the scaling regime is
reached, and discretization errors are under control.


  We consider the tensor product $\pi_{\alpha}\otimes \pi_{\beta}$ of
complementary series representations $\pi_{\alpha}$ and $\pi_{\beta}$ of
classical rank one groups $SO_0(n, 1)$, $SU(n, 1)$ and $Sp(n, 1)$. We prove
that there is a discrete component $\pi_{\alpha+\beta}$ for small parameters
$\alpha, \beta$ (in our parametrization). We prove further that for $G=SO_0(n,
1)$ there are finitely many complementary series of the form $\pi_{\alpha+\beta
+ 2j}$, $j=0, 1, \cdots, k$, appearing in the tensor product $\pi_{\alpha}
\otimes \pi_{\beta} $ of two complementary series $\pi_{\alpha}$ and
$\pi_{\beta}$, where $k=k(\alpha, \beta, n)$ depends on $\alpha, \beta, n$.


  This paper presents a global air and sea temperature anomalies analysis based
upon a combination of the wavelet multiresolution analysis and the scaling
analysis methods of a time series. The wavelet multiresolution analysis
decomposes the two temperature signals on a scale-by-scale basis. The
scale-by-scale smooth and detail curves are compared and the correlation
coefficients between each couple of correspondent sets of data evaluated. The
scaling analysis is based upon the study of the spreading and the entropy of
the diffusion generated by the temperature signals. Therefore, we jointly adopt
two distinct methods: the Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA) and the Standard
Deviation Analysis (SDA). The joint use of these two methods allows us to
establish with more confidence the nature of the signals, as well as their
scaling, and it yields the discovery of a slight Levy component in the two
temperature data sets. Finally, the DEA and SDA are used to study the wavelet
residuals of the two temperature anomalies. The temporal regions of persistence
and antipersistence of the signals are determined and the non-stationary effect
of the 10-11 year solar cycle upon the temperature is studied. The temperature
monthly data cover the period from 1860 to 2000 A.D.E.


  Manifold optimization appears in a wide variety of computational problems in
the applied sciences. In recent statistical methodologies such as sufficient
dimension reduction and regression envelopes, estimation relies on the
optimization of likelihood functions over spaces of matrices such as the
Stiefel or Grassmann manifolds. Recently, Huang, Absil, Gallivan, and Hand
(2016) have introduced the library ROPTLIB, which provides a framework and
state of the art algorithms to optimize real-valued objective functions over
commonly used matrix-valued Riemannian manifolds. This article presents
ManifoldOptim, an R package that wraps the C++ library ROPTLIB. ManifoldOptim
enables users to access functionality in ROPTLIB through R so that optimization
problems can easily be constructed, solved, and integrated into larger R codes.
Computationally intensive problems can be programmed with Rcpp and
RcppArmadillo, and otherwise accessed through R. We illustrate the practical
use of ManifoldOptim through several motivating examples involving dimension
reduction and envelope methods in regression.


  Photon-pair direct or jet-associated productions are important for relevant
standard model measurement, Higgs and new physics searches at the LHC. The
loop-induced gluon-fusion process gg -> \gamma\gamma g, which although formally
contributes only at the next-to-next-to-leading order to \gamma\gamma j
productions, may get enhanced by the large gluon flux at the LHC. We have
checked and confirmed previous results on gg -> \gamma\gamma, \gamma\gamma g at
one loop, using now the traditional Feynman diagram based approach and taking
into account the quark mass effects, and further updated them for the 7 and 14
TeV LHC with new inputs and settings. We provide the details and results of the
calculations, which involves manipulation of rank-5 pentagon integrals. Our
results show that the gluon-fusion process can contribute about 10% of the Born
result, especially at small M_{\gamma\gamma} and PT_{\gamma\gamma}, and
increase further the overall scale uncertainty. Top quark loop effects are
examined in detail, which shows importance near or above the threshold
M_{\gamma\gamma} \gsim 2m_t.


  Using the results of the recently studied problem of adsorption of a Gaussian
polymer in a weak periodic surface potential we study the influence of a single
rod like defect on the polymer being localized in the periodic surface
potential. We have found that the polymer will be localized at the defect under
condition u>u_c, where u_c is the localization threshold in the periodic
potential, for any infinitesimal strength of the interaction with defect. We
predict that the concentration of monomers of the localized polymer decays
exponentially as a function of the distance to the defect and is modulated with
the period of the surface potential.


  We give an example of a compact connected Lie group of the lowest rank such
that the mod 2 cohomology ring of its classifying space has a nonzero nilpotent
element.


  We give a short proof of Belaga's result on bounds to perigees of
$(3x+d)$-cycles of a given oddlength. We also reformulate the Collatz cycle
conjecture which is rather a algorithmic problem into a purely arithmetic
problem.


  Within the framework of mode-coupling theory, we present a simple model for
describing dense assemblies of active (self-propelled) spherical colloidal
particles. For isotropic suspensions, we demonstrate that the glass transition
is shifted to higher volume fraction by the addition of activity, in agreement
with recent Brownian dynamics simulations. Activity-induced changes in the
static structure factor of the fluid are predicted. The mechanical response of
an active glass to applied strain is shown to be softer than the corresponding
passive glass; both the nonergodicity parameter and the yield stress reduce
with increasing activity.


  Rendering dynamic 3D human from monocular videos is crucial for various
applications such as virtual reality and digital entertainment. Most methods
assume the people is in an unobstructed scene, while various objects may cause
the occlusion of body parts in real-life scenarios. Previous method utilizing
NeRF for surface rendering to recover the occluded areas, but it requiring more
than one day to train and several seconds to render, failing to meet the
requirements of real-time interactive applications. To address these issues, we
propose OccGaussian based on 3D Gaussian Splatting, which can be trained within
6 minutes and produces high-quality human renderings up to 160 FPS with
occluded input. OccGaussian initializes 3D Gaussian distributions in the
canonical space, and we perform occlusion feature query at occluded regions,
the aggregated pixel-align feature is extracted to compensate for the missing
information. Then we use Gaussian Feature MLP to further process the feature
along with the occlusion-aware loss functions to better perceive the occluded
area. Extensive experiments both in simulated and real-world occlusions,
demonstrate that our method achieves comparable or even superior performance
compared to the state-of-the-art method. And we improving training and
inference speeds by 250x and 800x, respectively. Our code will be available for
research purposes.


  A two-dimensional scandium carbide monolayer with a Sc3C10 primitive cell
(Sc3C10 sheet) has been identified using first-principles density functional
theory. In the Sc3C10 sheet, there is a similar basic structure to the one in
the Volleyballene Sc20C60, the Sc8C10 subunit, in which two connected carbon
pentagons are surrounded by one scandium octagon. The hybridization between Sc
d orbitals and C s-p orbitals is crucial for stabilizing the Sc3C10 sheet. Ab
initio molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that this Sc3C10 sheet is
exceptionally stable. In addition, a series of stable ScC nanotubes have been
obtained by rolling up this Sc3C10 sheet. All nanotubes studied have been found
to be metallic.


  This work considers the corner points of the capacity region of a two-user
Gaussian interference channel (GIC). In a two-user GIC, the rate pairs where
one user transmits its data at the single-user capacity (without interference),
and the other at the largest rate for which reliable communication is still
possible are called corner points. This paper relies on existing outer bounds
on the capacity region of a two-user GIC that are used to derive informative
bounds on the corner points of the capacity region. The new bounds refer to a
weak two-user GIC (i.e., when both cross-link gains in standard form are
positive and below 1), and a refinement of these bounds is obtained for the
case where the transmission rate of one user is within $\varepsilon > 0$ of the
single-user capacity. The bounds on the corner points are asymptotically tight
as the transmitted powers tend to infinity, and they are also useful for the
case of moderate SNR and INR. Upper and lower bounds on the gap (denoted by
$\Delta$) between the sum-rate and the maximal achievable total rate at the two
corner points are derived. This is followed by an asymptotic analysis analogous
to the study of the generalized degrees of freedom (where the SNR and INR
scalings are coupled such that $\frac{\log(\text{INR})}{\log(\text{SNR})} =
\alpha \geq 0$), leading to an asymptotic characterization of this gap which is
exact for the whole range of $\alpha$. The upper and lower bounds on $\Delta$
are asymptotically tight in the sense that they achieve the exact asymptotic
characterization. Improved bounds on $\Delta$ are derived for finite SNR and
INR, and their improved tightness is exemplified numerically.


  An inkjet printer head, which is capable of depositing liquid droplets with a
resolution of $22$ picoliters and high repeatability, is employed to
investigate the wetting dynamics of drops printed on a horizontal plane as well
as on a granular monolayer. For a sessile drop on a horizontal plane, we
characterize the contact angle hysteresis, drop volume and contact line
dynamics from side view images. We show that the evaporation rate scales with
the dimension of the contact line instead of the surface area of the drop. We
demonstrate that the system evolves into a closed cycle upon repeating the
depositing-evaporating process, owing to the high repeatability of the printing
facility. Finally, we extend the investigation to a granular monolayer in order
to explore the interplay between liquid deposition and granular particles.


  We show, via simulations, that an optical fiber taper waveguide can be an
efficient tool for photoluminescence and resonant, extinction spectroscopy of
single emitters, such as molecules or colloidal quantum dots, deposited on the
surface of a thin dielectric membrane. Placed over a high refractive index
membrane, a tapered fiber waveguide induces the formation of hybrid mode waves,
akin to dielectric slotted waveguide modes, that provide strong field
confinement in the low index gap region. The availability of such gap-confined
waves yields potentially high spontaneous emission enhancement factors
($\approx20$), fluorescence collection efficiencies ($\approx 23%$), and
transmission extinction ($\approx 20%$) levels. A factor of two improvement in
fluorescence and extinction levels is predicted if the membrane is instead
replaced with a suspended channel waveguide. Two configurations, for operation
in the visible ($\approx 600 \nm$) and near-infrared ($\approx 1300 \nm$)
spectral ranges are evaluated, presenting similar performances.


  Dynamical decoupling is a powerful technique to suppress errors in quantum
systems originating from environmental couplings or from unwanted
inter-particle interactions. However, it can also be used to selectively
decouple specific couplings in a quantum system. We present a simple and
easy-to-use general method to construct such selective decoupling schemes on
qubit and qudit networks by means of (generalized) Pauli operations. As these
constructed schemes can suppress Hamiltonian interactions on general qudit
networks selectively, they are well suited for purposes of approximate quantum
simulation. Some examples are presented, demonstrating the use of our method
and the resulting decoupling schemes.


  In this paper we study methods for estimating causal effects in settings with
panel data, where some units are exposed to a treatment during some periods and
the goal is estimating counterfactual (untreated) outcomes for the treated
unit/period combinations. We propose a class of matrix completion estimators
that uses the observed elements of the matrix of control outcomes corresponding
to untreated unit/periods to impute the "missing" elements of the control
outcome matrix, corresponding to treated units/periods. This leads to a matrix
that well-approximates the original (incomplete) matrix, but has lower
complexity according to the nuclear norm for matrices. We generalize results
from the matrix completion literature by allowing the patterns of missing data
to have a time series dependency structure that is common in social science
applications. We present novel insights concerning the connections between the
matrix completion literature, the literature on interactive fixed effects
models and the literatures on program evaluation under unconfoundedness and
synthetic control methods. We show that all these estimators can be viewed as
focusing on the same objective function. They differ solely in the way they
deal with identification, in some cases solely through regularization (our
proposed nuclear norm matrix completion estimator) and in other cases primarily
through imposing hard restrictions (the unconfoundedness and synthetic control
approaches). The proposed method outperforms unconfoundedness-based or
synthetic control estimators in simulations based on real data.


  We consider low connectivity variants of the Survivable Network with Minimum
Number of Steiner Points (SN-MSP) problem: given a finite set $R$ of terminals
in a metric space (M,d), a subset $B \subseteq R$ of "unstable" terminals, and
connectivity requirements {r_{uv}: u,v \in R}, find a minimum size set $S
\subseteq M$ of additional points such that the unit-disc graph of $R \cup S$
contains $r_{uv}$ pairwise internally edge-disjoint and $(B \cup S)$-disjoint
$uv$-paths for all $u,v \in R$. The case when $r_{uv}=1$ for all $u,v \in R$ is
the {\sf Steiner Tree with Minimum Number of Steiner Points} (ST-MSP) problem,
and the case $r_{uv} \in \{0,1\}$ is the {\sf Steiner Forest with Minimum
Number of Steiner Points} (SF-MSP) problem. Let $\Delta$ be the maximum number
of points in a unit ball such that the distance between any two of them is
larger than 1. It is known that $\Delta=5$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$ The previous known
approximation ratio for {\sf ST-MSP} was $\lfloor (\Delta+1)/2
\rfloor+1+\epsilon$ in an arbitrary normed space \cite{NY}, and $2.5+\epsilon$
in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^2$ \cite{cheng2008relay}. Our approximation
ratio for ST-MSP is $1+\ln(\Delta-1)+\epsilon$ in an arbitrary normed space,
which in $\mathbb{R}^2$ reduces to $1+\ln 4+\epsilon < 2.3863 +\epsilon$. For
SN-MSP with $r_{uv} \in \{0,1,2\}$, we give a simple $\Delta$-approximation
algorithm. In particular, for SF-MSP, this improves the previous ratio
$2\Delta$.


  Let $M\subset N$ be Hilbert $C^*$-modules over a $C^*$-algebra $A$ with
$M^\perp=0$. It was shown recently by J. Kaad and M. Skeide that there exists a
non-zero $A$-valued functional on $N$ such that its restriction onto $M$ is
zero. Here we show that this may happen even if $A$ is monotone complete. On
the other hand, we show that for certain type I $W^*$-algebras this cannot
happen.


  Job scheduling in cloud computing environments is a critical yet complex
problem. Cloud computing user job requirements are highly dynamic and
uncertain, while cloud computing resources are heterogeneous and constrained.
This paper studies the online resource allocation problem for elastic computing
jobs with soft deadlines in cloud computing environments. The main
contributions include: 1) Integer linear programming modeling is used to design
an auction time scheduling framework with three key modules - resource
allocation, evaluation, and operation, which can dynamically allocate resources
in closed loops. 2) Methods such as time-based single resource utilization
evaluation and weighted average evaluation are proposed to evaluate resource
usage efficiency. 3) Soft acceptance protocols are introduced to achieve
elastic online resource allocation. 4) The time complexity of the proposed
algorithms is analyzed and proven to be polynomial time, demonstrating
efficiency. 5) Modular design makes the framework extensible. This paper
provides a structured cloud computing auction framework as a reference for
building practical cloud resource management systems. Future work may explore
more complex models of random arrival and multi-dimensional resource
constraints, evaluate algorithm performance on real cloud workloads, and
further enhance system robustness, efficiency and fairness.


  In this paper, we investigate the existence and time evolution of the
cosmological and event horizons in a McVittie universe whose expansion is
driven by the Redlich-Kwong, (Modified) Berthelot, Dieterici, and Peng-Robinson
fluids, respectively. The equations of state of these fluids are rich enough to
account for both exotic and regular, as well as ideal and non-ideal matter
contents of the universe. We show that the cosmological horizon is expanding,
while the event horizon is shrinking along the cosmic time evolution. The
former achieves larger size for regular types of matter, contrary to the
latter. The strength of interactions within the cosmic fluid are shown to play
a more important role in affecting the evolution of the event horizon, rather
than of the cosmological horizon in the case of a singularity-free universe.
While the cosmological horizon always exists during the time evolution, the
event horizon can exist only when a certain relationship between the
Hawking-Hayward quasi-local mass and the Hubble function is fulfilled. In this
manner, we can study the role played by the large-scale physics (cosmic
evolution) on the local scale physics (evolution of a black hole).


  The Hubble constant $H_0$ tension has emerged as the most serious crisis in
modern cosmology, potentially indicating that the $\Lambda$CDM model may not
describe our universe accurately. In this paper, we establish a new,
cosmological-model-independent method to study the cosmic background dynamics.
Using the latest Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) sample and the
model-independent SN Ia sample (P+1690), we derive values for the luminosity
distance, the Hubble parameter, and the deceleration parameter at five
different redshift points ranging from 0.12 to 0.52. Our analysis shows that
results obtained from the Pantheon+ sample align with the predictions of the
$\Lambda$CDM model within 2$\sigma$ confidence level (CL), while those obtained
from the P+1690 sample exhibit deviations of about $2\sim3\sigma$ CL.
Furthermore, we explore the equation of state (EoS) of dark energy and find
that while the EoS values from the Pantheon+ sample remain consistent with $-1$
within 2$\sigma$ CL, the P+1690 sample does not conform to this standard. These
findings remain unchanged after the inclusion of the Hubble parameter
measurements in our analysis. Our results indicate that the $\Lambda$CDM model
remains compatible with the Pantheon+ SN Ia and the Hubble parameter
measurements at 2$\sigma$ CL.


  We focus on exploring the metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium (IGM)
in Cold and Warm (1.5 and 3 keV) Dark Matter (DM) cosmologies, and the
constraints this yields on the DM particle mass, using a semi-analytic model,
Delphi, that jointly tracks the Dark Matter and baryonic assembly of galaxies
at $z \simeq 4-20$ including both Supernova and (a range of) reionization
feedback (models). We find that while ${\rm M_{UV}} \geq -15$ galaxies
contribute half of all IGM metals in the Cold Dark Matter model by $z \simeq
4.5$, given the suppression of low-mass halos, larger halos with ${\rm M_{UV}}
\leq -15$ provide about 80\% of the IGM metal budget in 1.5 keV Warm Dark
Matter models using two different models for the metallicity of the
interstellar medium. Our results also show that the only models compatible with
two different high-redshift data sets, provided by the evolving Ultra-Violet
luminosity function at $z \simeq 6-10$ and IGM metal density (e.g. Simcoe et
al. 2011), are standard Cold Dark Matter and 3 keV Warm DM that do not include
any reionization feedback; a combination of the UV LF and the Diaz et al.
(2016) points provides a weaker constraint, allowing Cold and 3 keV and 1.5 keV
Warm DM models with SN feedback only, as well as CDM with complete gas
suppression of all halos with $v_{circ} \leq 30\, {\rm km\, s^{-1}}$.
Tightening the error bars on the IGM metal enrichment, future observations, at
$z \geq 5.5$, could therefore represent an alternative way of shedding light on
the nature of Dark Matter.


  Gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black hole (BBH) inspirals
are potentially powerful standard sirens (the GW analog to standard candles)
(Schutz 1986, 2002). Because these systems are well-modeled, the space-based GW
observatory LISA will be able to measure the luminosity distance (but not the
redshift) to some distant massive BBH systems with 1-10% accuracy. This
accuracy is largely limited by pointing error: GW sources generally are poorly
localized on the sky. Localizing the binary independently (e.g., through
association with an electromagnetic counterpart) greatly reduces this
positional error. An electromagnetic counterpart may also allow determination
of the event's redshift. In this case, BBH coalescence would constitute an
extremely precise (better than 1%) standard candle visible to high redshift. In
practice, gravitational lensing degrades this precision, though the candle
remains precise enough to provide useful information about the
distance-redshift relation. Even if very rare, these GW standard sirens would
complement, and increase confidence in, other standard candles.


  We have developed an excitation model for small molecules including radiative
pumping by dust photons from near infrared to submillimeter wavelengths. This
model applies to molecules within bright photodissociation regions in galactic
star-forming regions and starburst galaxies. In such environments, the near
infrared photons emitted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules (PAHs) or
small carbon grains, 5 micron < lambda < 20 micron, are able to penetrate
molecular regions and pump the molecules in an excited vibration state. The far
infrared and submillimeter transitions involved in the de-excitation cascade
are strongly affected by this process. Their intensities can be enhanced by
several orders of magnitude. We have applied this model to H2O and NH3, ortho
and para species. The behaviour of the FIR rotation lines with respect to the
gas density and the molecule column density is strongly modified compared to
pure collisional models. At moderate densities, nH2 < 10^5 cm-3, radiative
pumping dominates the excitation of the rotation ladder, and the FIR lines are
good probes of the molecule column density. The near infrared absorption and
emission lines predicted to appear between 6 and 7 micron for H2O and from 10
to 12 micron for NH3 can also be used for this purpose. Concerning ortho-H2O, a
quasi resonant pumping of the nu2 6.18 micron transition by photons of the 6.2
micron PAH band occurs. A strong de-excitation emission line is expected at
6.64 micron.


  In the context of an infinite locally finite weighted graph, we give a
necessary and sufficientcondition for semi-Fredholmness of the Gauss-Bonnet
operator. This result is a discrete version of thetheorem of Gilles Carron in
the continuous case [5]. In addition, using a criterion of Anghel [2], we givea
sufficient condition to have an operator of Gauss-Bonnet with closed range.
Finally, this work can beconsidered as an extension of the work of Colette
Ann\'e and Nabila Torki-Hamza [3].


  Jet event rates in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA are investigated
applying the modified JADE jet algorithm. The analysis uses data taken with the
H1 detector in 1994 and 1995. The data are corrected for detector and
hadronization effects and then compared with perturbative QCD predictions using
next-to-leading order calculations. The strong coupling constant alpha_S(M_Z^2)
is determined evaluating the jet event rates. Values of alpha_S(Q^2) are
extracted in four different bins of the negative squared momentum
transfer~$\qq$ in the range from 40 GeV2 to 4000 GeV2. A combined fit of the
renormalization group equation to these several alpha_S(Q^2) values results in
alpha_S(M_Z^2) = 0.117+-0.003(stat)+0.009-0.013(syst)+0.006(jet algorithm).


  Single crystals of CeFeAsO, large enough to study the anisotropy of the
magnetic properties, were grown by an optimized Sn-flux technique. The high
quality of our single crystals is apparent from the highest residual
resistivity ratio, RRR = 12, reported among undoped RFeAsO compounds (R=rare
earth) as well as sharp anomalies in resistivity, specific heat, C(T), and
thermal expansion at the different phase transitions. The magnetic
susceptibility chi(T) presents a large easy-plane anisotropy consistent with
the lowest crystal electric field doublet having a dominant Gamma_6 character.
Curie-Weiss like susceptibilities for magnetic field parallel and perpendicular
to the crystallographic c-axis do not reveal an influence of a staggered field
on the Ce site induced by magnetic ordering of the Fe. Furthermore, the
standard signatures for antiferromagnetic order of Ce at T_N = 3.7 K observed
in chi(T) and C(T) are incompatible with a Zeeman splitting Delta = 10 K of the
CEF ground state doublet at low temperature due to the Fe-magnetic order as
previously proposed. Our results can be reconciled with the earlier observation
by assuming a comparatively stronger effect of the Ce-Ce exchange leading to a
reduction of this Zeeman splitting below 15 K.


  Surface operators in gauge theory are analogous to Wilson and 't Hooft line
operators except that they are supported on a two-dimensional surface rather
than a one-dimensional curve. In a previous paper, we constructed a certain
class of half-BPS surface operators in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory, and
determined how they transform under S-duality. Those surface operators depend
on a relatively large number of freely adjustable parameters. In the present
paper, we consider the opposite case of half-BPS surface operators that are
``rigid'' in the sense that they do not depend on any parameters at all. We
present some simple constructions of rigid half-BPS surface operators and
attempt to determine how they transform under duality. This attempt is only
partially successful, suggesting that our constructions are not the whole
story. The partial match suggests interesting connections with quantization. We
discuss some possible refinements and some string theory constructions which
might lead to a more complete picture.


  We give precise conditions under which irreducible representations associated
to stability groups induce to irreducible representations for Fell bundle
C*-algebras. This result generalizes an earlier result of Echterhoff and the
second author. Because the Fell bundle construction subsumes most other
examples of C*-algebras constructed from dynamical systems, our result
percolates down to many different constructions including the many flavors of
groupoid crossed products.


  In this paper we extend the concept of generalized Wei weights for
poset-weight codes and show that all linear codes C satisfy the chain condition
if support of C is a subposet totally ordered.


  We calculate electronic states on a closed cylindrical surface as a model of
a core-shell nanowire. The length of the cylinder can be infinite or finite. We
define cardinal points on the circumference of the cylinder and consider a
spatially uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the cylinder axis,in the
direction South-North. The orbital motion of the electrons depends on the
radial component of the field which is not uniform around the circumference: it
is equal to the total field at North and South, but vanishes at the West and
East sides. For a strong field, when the magnetic length is comparable to the
radius of the cylinder, the electronic states at North and South become
localized cyclotron orbits, whereas at East and West the states become long and
narrow snaking orbits propagating along the cylinder. The energy of the
cyclotron states increases with the magnetic field whereas the energy of the
snaking states is stable. Consequently, at high magnetic fields the electron
density vanishes at North and South and concentrates at East and West. We
include spin-orbit interaction with linear Rashba and Dresselhaus models. For a
cylinder of finite length the Dresselhaus interaction produces an axial twist
of the charge density relative to the center of the wire, which may be
amplified in the presence of the Rashba interaction.