  Conformal harmonic maps from a 4-dimensional conformal manifold to a
Riemannian manifold are maps satisfying a certain conformally invariant fourth
order equation. We prove a general existence result for conformal harmonic
maps, analogous to the Eells-Sampson theorem for harmonic maps. The proof uses
a geometric flow and relies on results of Gursky-Viaclovsky and Lamm.


  A simple mechanism of controllable switching of magnetic vortex chirality is
proposed. We consider curvilinear magnetic nanoshells of spherical geometry
whose ground state is a vortex magnetization distribution. Chirality of this
magnetic vortex can be switched in controllable way by applying a Gaussian
pulse of spatially uniform magnetic field along the symmetry axis of the shell.
The chirality switching process is explored in detail numerically for various
parameters of magnetic pulse: the corresponding switching diagram is build. The
role of the curvature is ascertained by studying the switching diagram
evolution under the continuous transition from hemispherical shell to the disk
shaped sample with the volume and thickness kept constant.


  We report the observation of two-fold rotation symmetry in charge density
wave (CDW) state in the newly discovered Kagome superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$.
Below its CDW transition temperature ($T_{CDW}$), the polarization rotation of
the reflected laser beam promptly emerges and increases close to about 1 mrad,
and the rotation angle shows two-fold rotation symmetry. With femtosecond laser
pulse pumping, the rotation angle can be easily suppressed and then recovers in
several picoseconds accompanied with coherent oscillations. Significantly, the
oscillations in the signal also experience a 180 degree periodic change. Our
investigation provides clear optical evidence for the formation of nematic
order with two-fold rotation symmetry just below $T_{CDW}$. The results imply a
immediate development of nematicity and possible time-reversal symmetry
breaking in CDW state of CsV$_3$Sb$_5$.


  The multiplicity of routes from deterministic chaos to turbulence caused by
the spontaneous breaking of the local reflectional symmetry in the flows
induced by Rayleigh-Taylor instability has been studied using the notion of
distributed chaos. Results of numerical simulations, and laboratory and oceanic
measurements have been used for this purpose. Small-scale chaotic MHD dynamo
and chaotic Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing layer have been briefly discussed in this
context.


  Phononic and magnetic Raman scattering are studied in
La$_{2-x-y}$Nd$_{y}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ with three doping concentrations: x ~
1/8, y = 0; x ~ 1/8, y = 0.4; and x = 0.01, y = 0. We observe strong disorder
in the tilt pattern of the CuO_{6} octahedra in both the orthorhombic and
tetragonal phases which persist down to 10 K and are coupled to bond disorder
in the cation layers around 1/8 doping independent of Nd concentration. The
weak magnitude of existing charge/spin modulations in the Nd doped structure
does not allow us to detect the specific Raman signatures on lattice dynamics
or two-magnon scattering around 2200 cm-1.


  We report the IR properties of planetary nebulae with WR type and $wels$
central stars known to date and compare them with the IR properties of a sample
of PNe with H-rich central stars. We use near-, mid- and far-IR photometric
data from archives to derive the IR properties of PNe. We have constructed IR
colour-colour diagrams of PNe using measurements from $2MASS$, $IRAS$, $WISE$
and $Akari$ bands. [WR] PNe have a larger near-IR emission from the hot dust
component and also show a tendency for stronger 12$\mu$m emission as compared
to the other two groups. Cool AGB dust properties of all PNe are found to be
similar. We derived the dust colour temperatures, dust masses, dust-to-gas mass
ratios, IR luminosities and IR excess of PNe for these three groups. [WR] PNe
and $wels$-PNe tend to have larger mean values for dust mass when compared to
the third group. The average dust-to-gas mass ratio is found to be similar for
the three groups of PNe. While there is a strong correlation of dust
temperature and IR luminosity with the age for the three groups of PNe, the
dust mass, dust-to-gas mass ratios and IR excess are found to be non-varying as
the PNe evolve. [WR] PNe and $wels$-PNe show very similar distribution of
excitation classes and also show similar distribution with Galactic latitude.


  Large-area nanopore drilling is a major bottleneck in state-of-the-art
nanoporous 2D membrane fabrication protocols. In addition, high-quality
structural and statistical descriptions of as-fabricated porous membranes are
key to predicting the corresponding membrane-wide permeation properties. In
this work, we investigate Xe-ion focused ion beam as a tool for scalable,
large-area nanopore fabrication on atomically thin, free-standing molybdenum
disulphide. The presented irradiation protocol enables designing ultrathin
membranes with tunable porosity and pore dimension, along with spatial
uniformity across large-area substrates. Fabricated nanoporous membranes were
characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging and the
observed nanopore geometries were analyzed through a pore-edge detection
script. We further demonstrated that the obtained structural and statistical
data can be readily passed on to computational and analytical tools to predict
the permeation properties at both individual pore and membrane-wide scales. As
an example, membranes featuring angstrom-scale pores were investigated in terms
of their emerging water and ion flow properties through extensive all-atom
molecular dynamics simulations. We believe that the combination of experimental
and analytical approaches presented here should yield accurate physics-based
property estimates and thus potentially enable a true function-by-design
approach to fabrication for applications such as osmotic power generation,
desalination/filtration, as well as their strain-tunable versions.


  Stacked lensing is a powerful means of measuring the average mass
distribution around large-scale structure tracers. There are two stacked
lensing estimators used in the literature, denoted as $\Delta\Sigma$ and
$\gamma_+$, which are related as $\Delta\Sigma=\Sigma_{\rm cr}\gamma_+$, where
$\Sigma_{\rm cr}(z_l,z_s)$ is the critical surface mass density for each
lens-source pair ($z_l$ and $z_s$ are lens and source redshifts, respectively).
In this paper we derive a formula for the covariance matrix of
$\Delta\Sigma$-estimator focusing on `weight' function to improve the
signal-to-noise ($S/N$). We assume that the lensing fields and the distribution
of lensing objects obey the Gaussian statistics. With this formula, we show
that, if background galaxy shapes are weighted by an amount of $\Sigma_{\rm
cr}^{-2}(z_l,z_s)$, the $\Delta\Sigma$-estimator maximizes the $S/N$ in the
shot noise limited regime. We also show that the $\Delta\Sigma$-estimator with
the weight $\Sigma_{\rm cr}^{-2}$ gives a greater $(S/N)^2$ than that of the
$\gamma_+$-estimator by about 5--25\% for lensing objects at redshifts
comparable with or higher than the median of source galaxy redshifts for
hypothetical Subaru HSC and DES surveys. However, for low-redshift lenses such
as $z_l<0.3$, the $\gamma_+$-estimator has higher $(S/N)^2$ than
$\Delta\Sigma$. We also discuss that the $(S/N)^2$ for $\Delta\Sigma$ at large
separations in the sample variance limited regime can be boosted, by up to a
factor of 1.5, if one adopts a weight of $\Sigma_{\rm cr}^{-\alpha}$ with
$\alpha>2$. Our formula allows one to explore how the combination of the
different estimators can approach an optimal estimator in all regimes of
redshifts and separation scales.


  Several methods of triclustering of three dimensional data require the
specification of the cluster size in each dimension. This introduces a certain
degree of arbitrariness. To address this issue, we propose a new method, namely
the multi-slice clustering (MSC) for a 3-order tensor data set. We analyse, in
each dimension or tensor mode, the spectral decomposition of each tensor slice,
i.e. a matrix. Thus, we define a similarity measure between matrix slices up to
a threshold (precision) parameter, and from that, identify a cluster. The
intersection of all partial clusters provides the desired triclustering. The
effectiveness of our algorithm is shown on both synthetic and real-world data
sets.


  We investigate relations on elements in C*-algebras, including *-polynomial
relations, order relations and all relations that correspond to universal
C*-algebras. We call these C*-relations and define them axiomatically. Within
these are the compact C*-relations, which are those that determine universal
C*-algebras, and we introduce the more flexible concept of a closed
C*-relation.
  In the case of a finite set of generators, we show that closed C*-relations
correspond to the zero-sets of elements in a free sigma -C*-algebra. This
provides a solid link between two of the previous theories on relations in
C*-algebras.
  Applications to lifting problems are briefly considered in the last section.


  This paper introduces a novel approach that enables a number of cognitive
radio devices that are observing the availability pattern of a number of
primary users(PUs), to cooperate and use \emph{Bayesian nonparametric}
techniques to estimate the distributions of the PUs' activity pattern, assumed
to be completely unknown. In the proposed model, each cognitive node may have
its own individual view on each PU's distribution, and, hence, seeks to find
partners having a correlated perception. To address this problem, a coalitional
game is formulated between the cognitive devices and an algorithm for
cooperative coalition formation is proposed. It is shown that the proposed
coalition formation algorithm allows the cognitive nodes that are experiencing
a similar behavior from some PUs to self-organize into disjoint, independent
coalitions. Inside each coalition, the cooperative cognitive nodes use a
combination of Bayesian nonparametric models such as the Dirichlet process and
statistical goodness of fit techniques in order to improve the accuracy of the
estimated PUs' activity distributions. Simulation results show that the
proposed algorithm significantly improves the estimates of the PUs'
distributions and yields a performance advantage, in terms of reduction of the
average achieved Kullback-Leibler distance between the real and the estimated
distributions, reaching up to 36.5% relative the non-cooperative estimates. The
results also show that the proposed algorithm enables the cognitive nodes to
adapt their cooperative decisions when the actual PUs' distributions change due
to, for example, PU mobility.


  Infrared-active phonons in LaMnO_{3+\delta} were studied by means of the
reflection and transmission spectroscopy from 50 to 800 cm^{-1} at room
temperature. Powder and ceramic samples of the phases of Pnma-2 (\delta=0.02),
Pnma-1 (\delta=0.08), and R3c (\delta=0.15) were investigated. Besides,
energies of the dipole-active phonons in Pnma-2, Pnma-1 phases were obtained by
lattice-dynamics calculations. The transformations of IR-active phonons with
the increase of \delta in the sequence of Pnma-2, Pnma-1, R3c are discussed.


  We consider two varieties of labeled rooted trees, and the probability that a
vertex chosen from all vertices of all trees of a given size uniformly at
random has a given rank. We prove that this probability converges to a limit as
the tree size goes to infinity.


  A very simple physical model of galaxies, in which the formation of stars is
instantaneously regulated by the mass of gas in a reservoir, links together
three different aspects of the evolving galaxy population:(a) the cosmic time
evolution of the specific star-formation rate sSFR relative to the growth of
haloes, (b) the gas-phase metallicities across the galaxy population and over
cosmic time, and (c) the ratio of the stellar to dark matter mass of haloes. If
the SFR efficiency and wind mass loading are constant, the sSFR is set to the
specific accretion rate of the galaxy: more realistic situations lead to an
sSFR which is perturbed from this identity. The metallicity is set by the
instantaneous operation of the regulator system rather than by the past history
of the system. The regulator system naturally produces a Z(mstar, SFR)
relation, with SFR as a second parameter in the mass-metallicity relation. This
will be the same at all epochs unless the efficiency and mass-loading change
with time, naturally producing a so-called "fundamental metallicity relation".
The observed Z(mstar) relation of SDSS galaxies implies a strong dependence of
stellar mass on halo mass that reconciles the different faint end slopes of the
stellar and halo mass-functions in standard {\Lambda}CDM. It also boosts the
sSFR relative to the specific accretion rate and produces a different
dependence on mass, both of which are observed. The derived Z(mstar, SFR)
relation for the regulator system is fit to published Z(mstar, SFR) data. The
fitted efficiency is consistent with observed molecular gas-depletion
timescales in galaxies while the fitted mass-loading is also plausible. The
model also successfully reproduces the mass-metallicity relation of
star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2.


  We prove an adiabatic decomposition formula of the zeta-determinant of the
Laplace type operator with respect to Dirichlet boundary condition. We allow
the non-invertible tangential operator. As a result, our adiabatic
decomposition formula involves the scattering matrix over the manifold with
cylindrical end. We also describe the adiabatic limit of the zeta-determinant
of the Dirichlet to Neumann operator, which plays the essential role of
Burghelea-Friedlander-Kappeler's Meyer-Vietoris type formula of the zeta
determinant.


  In this paper, we carry out a semi-analytic general relativistic study of a
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) jet that is breaking out of a cocoon or stellar
envelope. We solve hydrodynamic equations with the relativistic equation of
state that takes care of fluid composition. In short GRBs, a general
relativistic approach is required to account for curved spacetime in strong
gravity. The piercing of the jet through the cocoon resembles a de Laval nozzle
and the jet may go through recollimation shock transitions. We show that the
possibility of shock transition and the shock properties are sensitive to the
matter composition and the cocoon strength. Obtained Lorentz factors in
thermally driven jets comfortably reach a few $\times$10.


  Many industries rely on visual insights to support decision- making processes
in their businesses. In mining, the analysis of drills and geological shapes,
represented as 3D geometries, is an important tool to assist geologists on the
search for new ore deposits. Aeronautics manipulate high-resolution geometries
when designing a new aircraft aided by the numerical simulation of
aerodynamics. In common, these industries require scalable databases that
compute spatial relationships and measurements so that decision making can be
conducted without lags. However, as we show in this study, most database
systems either lack support for handling 3D geometries or show poor performance
when given a sheer volume of data to work with. This paper presents a pluggable
acceleration engine for spatial database systems that can improve the
performance of spatial operations by more than 3000x through GPU offloading. We
focus on the design and evaluation of our plug-in for the PostgreSQL database
system.


  Quantum nonlocality which is conventionally invoked for describing a
composite entangled system is shown here to be a possible important
characteristic of a single quantum object. To this end, we analyze some
interactions of a single photon released from Fabry Perot resonator with
environment. The split photon state with oppositely moving parts is shown to
obey quantum nonlocality despite the sharp edges truncating each part. Photon
post release reflection from a plane mirror is considered. The changing shape
of the form during reflection contains moving discontinuities in electric and
magnetic components of the pulse. They originate from preexisting edges of the
form and move together, first away from and then back to the mirror. At the end
of the process, the pulse restores its original shape, with electric component
reversed. Altogether, the process demonstrates conservation of moving
discontinuities. The considered experimental setup may be used for some new
versions of a delayed choice experiment, with various options for insertion of
detectors and the respective time delays. In all cases, the delayed insertion
does not have any retroactive effect on the process.
  Key words: Evolution operator, signaling, reflection, discontinuity, quantum
nonlocality


  We constructed a Bayesian hyper-parameter statistical method to quantify the
difference between predicted velocities derived from the observed galaxy
distribution in the \textit{IRAS}-PSC$z$ redshift survey and peculiar
velocities measured using different distance indicators. In our analysis we
find that the model--data comparison becomes unreliable beyond $70 \hmpc$
because of the inadequate sampling by \textit{IRAS} survey of prominent,
distant superclusters, like the Shapley Concentration. On the other hand, the
analysis of the velocity residuals show that the PSC$z$ gravity field provides
an adequate model to the local, $\le 70 \hmpc$, peculiar velocity field. The
hyper-parameter combination of ENEAR, SN, A1SN and SFI++ catalogues in the
Bayesian framework constrains the amplitude of the linear flow to be
$\beta=0.53 \pm 0.014$. For an rms density fluctuations in the PSC$z$ galaxy
number density $\sigma_8^{\rm gal}=0.42\pm0.03$, we obtain an estimate of the
growth rate of density fluctuations $f\sigma_{8}(z\sim0) = 0.42 \pm 0.033$,
which is in excellent agreement with independent estimates based on different
techniques.


  A quantum measurement model based upon restricted path-integrals allows us to
study measurements of generalized position in various one-dimensional systems
of phenomenological interest. After a general overview of the method we discuss
the cases of a harmonic oscillator, a bistable potential and two coupled
systems, briefly illustrating their applications.


  Manifolds with infinite cylindrical ends have continuous spectrum of
increasing multiplicity as energy grows, and in general embedded resonances
(resonances on the real line, embedded in the continuous spectrum) and embedded
eigenvalues can accumulate at infinity. However, we prove that if geodesic
trapping is sufficiently mild, then the number of embedded resonances and
eigenvalues is finite, and moreover the cutoff resolvent is uniformly bounded
at high energies. We obtain as a corollary the existence of resonance free
regions near the continuous spectrum.
  We also obtain improved estimates when the resolvent is cut off away from
part of the trapping, and along the way we prove some resolvent estimates for
repulsive potentials on the half line which may be of independent interest.


  Ordinary 3D Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data are model-dependent,
requiring the assumption of a cosmological model to calculate comoving
distances during data reduction. Throughout the present-day literature, the
assumed model is $\Lambda$CDM. However, this assumption can be inadequate when
analyzing alternative cosmologies, potentially biasing the Hubble constant
($H_0$) low, thus contributing to the Hubble tension. To address this issue, we
use model-independent 2D BAO data and compare the results to those obtained
using 3D BAO data. As a concrete example, we investigate the cosmological
models provided by bimetric gravity, a modified theory of gravity that
transitions from a negative cosmological constant in the early universe to a
positive one in the late universe. By combining 2D BAO data with cosmic
microwave background and type Ia supernovae data, we find that the inverse
distance ladder in this theory yields a Hubble constant of $H_0 = (71.0 \pm
0.9) \, \mathrm{km/s/Mpc}$, consistent with the SH0ES local distance ladder
measurement of $H_0 = (73.0 \pm 1.0) \, \mathrm{km/s/Mpc}$. Replacing 2D BAO
with 3D BAO results in $H_0 = (68.6 \pm 0.5) \, \mathrm{km/s/Mpc}$ from the
inverse distance ladder. We conclude that the choice of BAO data significantly
impacts the Hubble tension, with ordinary 3D BAO data exacerbating the tension,
while 2D BAO data provides results consistent with the local distance ladder.


  Sperm swimming at low Reynolds number have strong hydrodynamic interactions
when their concentration is high in vivo or near substrates in vitro. The
beating tails not only propel the sperm through a fluid, but also create flow
fields through which sperm interact with each other. We study the hydrodynamic
interaction and cooperation of sperm embedded in a two-dimensional fluid by
using a particle-based mesoscopic simulation method, multi-particle collision
dynamics (MPC). We analyze the sperm behavior by investigating the relationship
between the beating-phase difference and the relative sperm position, as well
as the energy consumption. Two effects of hydrodynamic interaction are found,
synchronization and attraction. With these hydrodynamic effects, a multi-sperm
system shows swarm behavior with a power-law dependence of the average cluster
size on the width of the distribution of beating frequencies.


  The problem of detecting the Out-of-Distribution (OoD) inputs is of paramount
importance for Deep Neural Networks. It has been previously shown that even
Deep Generative Models that allow estimating the density of the inputs may not
be reliable and often tend to make over-confident predictions for OoDs,
assigning to them a higher density than to the in-distribution data. This
over-confidence in a single model can be potentially mitigated with Bayesian
inference over the model parameters that take into account epistemic
uncertainty. This paper investigates three approaches to Bayesian inference:
stochastic gradient Markov chain Monte Carlo, Bayes by Backpropagation, and
Stochastic Weight Averaging-Gaussian. The inference is implemented over the
weights of the deep neural networks that parameterize the likelihood of the
Variational Autoencoder. We empirically evaluate the approaches against several
benchmarks that are often used for OoD detection: estimation of the marginal
likelihood utilizing sampled model ensemble, typicality test, disagreement
score, and Watanabe-Akaike Information Criterion. Finally, we introduce two
simple scores that demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance.


  We use a simultaneous flow of ethylene and hydrogen gases to grow single wall
carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. Strong coupling to the gate is
inferred from transport measurements for both metallic and semiconducting
tubes. At low-temperatures, our samples act as single-electron transistors
where the transport mechanism is mainly governed by Coulomb blockade. The
measurements reveal very rich quantized energy level spectra spanning from
valence to conduction band. The Coulomb diamonds have similar addition energies
on both sides of the semiconducting gap. Signatures of subbands population has
been observed.


  In this work we study, as the temperature goes to zero, the oscillation of
Metropolis-Hasting's algorithm around the Basis Pursuit De-noising solutions.
We derive new criteria for choosing the proposal distribution and the
temperature in Metropolis-Hasting's algorithm. Finally we apply these results
to compare Metropolis-Hasting's and simulated annealing algorithms.


  Previous observations of metastable magnetic skyrmions have shown that close
to the equilibrium pocket the metastable state has a short lifetime, and
therefore rapid cooling is required to generate a significant skyrmion
population at low temperatures. Here, we report that the lifetime of metastable
skyrmions in Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ is extended by a factor of 50 with the introduction
of only 2.5% zinc doping, allowing over 50% of the population to survive when
field-cooling at a rate of just 1 K/min. Our systematic study suggests that the
lifetime enhancement is due to the removal of spins by the non-magnetic dopant,
which entropically limits the number of skyrmion decay pathways. We expect that
doping can be exploited to control the lifetime of the metastable SkL state in
other chiral magnets, offering a method of engineering skyrmion materials
towards application in future devices.


  Digital radio arrays have become an effective tool to measure air showers at
energies around and above 100 PeV. Compared to optical techniques, the radio
technique is not restricted to clear nights. Thanks to recent progress on
computational analysis techniques, radio arrays can provide an equally accurate
measurement of the energy and the depth of the shower maximum. Stand-alone
radio arrays offer an economic way towards huge apertures, e.g., for the search
for ultra-high-energy neutrinos, but still require technical demonstration on
large scales. Hybrid arrays combining radio antennas and particle detectors
have already started to contribute to cosmic-ray physics in the energy range of
the presumed Galactic-to-extragalactic transition. In particular, the
combination of radio and muon detectors can pave a path to unprecedented
accuracy for the mass composition of cosmic rays. This proceeding reviews
recent developments regarding the radio technique and highlights selected
running and planned antennas arrays, such as GCOS, GRAND, the SKA, the
AugerPrime Upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory, and IceCube-Gen2.


  In these lectures we review recent results on universal fluctuations of QCD
Dirac spectra and applications of Random Matrix Theory (RMT) to QCD. We review
general properties of Dirac spectra and discuss the relation between chiral
symmetry breaking and correlations of Dirac eigenvalues. In particular, we will
focus on the microscopic spectral density density, i.e. the spectral density
near zero virtuality on the scale of a typical level spacing. The relation with
Leutwyler-Smilga sum-rules will be discussed. The success of applications of
RMT to spectra of 'complex' systems leads us to the introduction of a chiral
Random Matrix Theory (chRMT) with the global symmetries of the QCD partition
function. Our central conjecture is that it decribes correlations of QCD Dirac
spectra. We will review recent universality proofs supporting this conjecture.
Lattice QCD results for the microscopic spectral density and for correlations
in the bulk of the spectrum are shown to be in perfect agreement with chRMT. We
close with a review of chRMT at nonzero chemical potential. Novel features of
spectral universality in nonhermitean matrices will be discussed. As an
illustration of mathematical methods used in RMT several important recent
results will be derived in all details. We mention the derivation of the
microscopic spectral density, the universality proof by Akemann, Damgaard,
Magnea and Nishigaki, the spectral density of a chRMT at nonzero temperature
and the Stephanov solution for chRMT at nonzero chemical potential.


  Uniform hyperbolicity is a strong chaotic property which holds, in
particular, for Sinai billiards. In this paper, we consider the case of a
nonflat billiard, that is, a Riemannian manifold with boundary. Each trajectory
follows the geodesic flow in the interior of the billiard, and bounces when it
meets the boundary. We give a sufficient condition for a nonflat billiard to be
uniformly hyperbolic. As a particular case, we obtain a new criterion to show
that a closed surface has an Anosov geodesic flow.


  The recent experimental synthesis of 2D graphitic C3N5 has attracted lot of
interests in its electronic and optical properties and its comparison with
other graphitic C3N4 and C3N3. To this end, we performed DFT calculations using
more accurate HSE06 functional and estimated the corresponding electronic
properties. From a comparative study of the band structures of C3N3, C3N4, and
C3N5, we found that, the electronic band-gap decreases as 3.24 eV (C3N3) > 2.81
eV (C3N4) > 2.19 eV (C3N5) with increase in the number of nitrogen atoms in the
unit cell of these graphitic carbon nitrides. Further, the strain dependency of
the band structure of 2D g-C3N5 under uniaxial and biaxial strain is performed
using the same HSE- 06 functional. We found a systematic decrease of band-gap
as strain increases. Out of the two types of strain, the biaxial strain has
been found to be more efficient in modulating the band-gap. The effect of
strain on the structure is also explored by analyzing the bond lengths and
bond-angles as well as the charge density plots. Furthermore, we found that at
a biaxial strain of 20% strain an interesting structural rearrangement occurs
in 2D g-C3N5, which reults in a finite magnetic moment arising from the loss of
spin-degeneracy of electronic levels. Finally, by studying the evolution of
band-gap, band-alignments and optical absorption as a function of strain we are
able to predict that biaxially compressed C3N5 with strain in the range 12-14%
can be a promising photocatalyst in overall water-splitting with an excellent
optical absorption in the visible light spectrum.


  Existing screening tools for early detection of autism are expensive,
cumbersome, time-intensive, and sometimes fall short in predictive value. In
this work, we apply Machine Learning (ML) to gold standard clinical data
obtained across thousands of children at risk for autism spectrum disorders to
create a low-cost, quick, and easy to apply autism screening tool that performs
as well or better than most widely used standardized instruments. This new tool
combines two screening methods into a single assessment, one based on short,
structured parent-report questionnaires and the other on tagging key behaviors
from short, semi-structured home videos of children. To overcome the scarcity,
sparsity, and imbalance of training data, we apply creative feature selection,
feature engineering, and novel feature encoding techniques. We allow for
inconclusive determination where appropriate in order to boost screening
accuracy when conclusive. We demonstrate a significant accuracy improvement
over standard screening tools in a clinical study sample of 162 children.


  By means of a model Hamiltonian approach we study the role of volume
expansion, Hund's coupling and electron correlation in the standard
hybridization mechanism for ferroelectricity in cubic CaMnO$_3$, a prototypical
non-$d^0$ perovskite. Our results establish that the ferroelectric instability
arises from a subtle balance between different energy contributions, explaining
the origin of its enhancement under negative pressure. Expansion of volume is
found to cause a strong reduction of the elastic energy, while leaving almost
unchanged the tendency of Mn states to form covalent bonds with the surrounding
oxygens. Hund's coupling with local spins of magnetic cations can reduce and
even suppress the instability towards the ferroelectric state.


  We address the question of an averaging principle for a general class of
multi-scale hybrid predator-prey models. We consider prey-predator models where
the kinetic of the prey population, described by a differential equation, is
faster than the kinetic of the predator population, described by a jump
process, the two dynamics being fully coupled. An averaged model is obtained
and compared to the original slow-fast system in term of probability and
absorption time.


  We study the quantum Ising antiferromagnet on the Kagome lattice, with weak
transverse field dynamics and other local perturbations. We analytically
demonstrate the possibility of a disordered zero-temperature phase that is
smoothly connected to the phase at strong transverse fields. This is done by
means of an appropriate mapping to a compact U(1) gauge theory on the honeycomb
lattice that is coupled to a charge-1 matter field. Our results are consistent
with existing Monte-Carlo calculations. The differences with other commonly
studied lattices (in which such disordered phases do not obtain at weak
transverse fields) is explained. Ordered phases are also shown to be possible
in principle in the weak transverse field limit, and are briefly studied.


  Regularized least-squares (kernel-ridge / Gaussian process) regression is a
fundamental algorithm of statistics and machine learning. Because generic
algorithms for the exact solution have cubic complexity in the number of
datapoints, large datasets require to resort to approximations. In this work,
the computation of the least-squares prediction is itself treated as a
probabilistic inference problem. We propose a structured Gaussian regression
model on the kernel function that uses projections of the kernel matrix to
obtain a low-rank approximation of the kernel and the matrix. A central result
is an enhanced way to use the method of conjugate gradients for the specific
setting of least-squares regression as encountered in machine learning. Our
method improves the approximation of the kernel ridge regressor / Gaussian
process posterior mean over vanilla conjugate gradients and, allows computation
of the posterior variance and the log marginal likelihood (evidence) without
further overhead.


  The paper proposes a new algorithm called SymBa that aims to achieve more
biologically plausible learning than Back-Propagation (BP). The algorithm is
based on the Forward-Forward (FF) algorithm, which is a BP-free method for
training neural networks. SymBa improves the FF algorithm's convergence
behavior by addressing the problem of asymmetric gradients caused by
conflicting converging directions for positive and negative samples. The
algorithm balances positive and negative losses to enhance performance and
convergence speed. Furthermore, it modifies the FF algorithm by adding
Intrinsic Class Pattern (ICP) containing class information to prevent the loss
of class information during training. The proposed algorithm has the potential
to improve our understanding of how the brain learns and processes information
and to develop more effective and efficient artificial intelligence systems.
The paper presents experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of
SymBa algorithm compared to the FF algorithm and BP.


  We derive the deformed sl(2) Gaudin model with integrable boundaries.
Starting from the Jordanian deformation of the SL(2)-invariant Yang R-matrix
and generic solutions of the associated reflection equation and the dual
reflection equation, the corresponding inhomogeneous spin-1/2 XXX chain is
obtained. The quasi-classical expansion of the transfer matrix yields the
deformed sl(2) Gaudin Hamiltonians with boundary terms.


  The severity of type II errors is frequently ignored when deriving a multiple
testing procedure, even though utilizing it properly can greatly help in making
correct decisions. This paper puts forward a theory behind developing a
multiple testing procedure that can incorporate the type II error severity and
is optimal in the sense of minimizing a measure of false non-discoveries among
all procedures controlling a measure of false discoveries. The theory is
developed under a general model allowing arbitrary dependence by taking a
compound decision theoretic approach to multiple testing with a loss function
incorporating the type II error severity. We present this optimal procedure in
its oracle form and offer numerical evidence of its superior performance over
relevant competitors.


  Incorporating fresh members in teams is considered a pathway to team
creativity. However, whether freshness improves team performance or not remains
unclear, as well as the optimal involvement of fresh members for team
performance. This study uses a group of authors on the byline of a publication
as a proxy for a scientific team. We extend an indicator, i.e., team freshness,
to measure the extent to which a scientific team incorporates new members, by
calculating the fraction of new collaboration relations established within the
team. Based on more than 43 million scientific publications covering more than
a half-century of research from Microsoft Academic Graph, this study provides a
holistic picture of the current development of team freshness by outlining the
temporal evolution of freshness, and its disciplinary distribution.
Subsequently, using a multivariable regression approach, we examine the
association between team freshness and papers'short-term and long-term
citations.The major findings are as follows: (1)team freshness in scientific
teams has been increasing in the past half-century; (2)there exists an
inverted-U-shaped association between team freshness and papers' citations in
all the disciplines and in different periods;(3)the inverted-U-shaped
relationship between team freshness and papers' citations is only found in
small teams, while, in large teams, team freshness is significantly positively
related to papers' citations.


  Let $\mathbf{U}$ be the quantized enveloping algebra and $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$
its modified form. Lusztig gives some symmetries on $\mathbf{U}$ and
$\dot{\mathbf{U}}$. Since the realization of $\mathbf{U}$ by the reduced
Drinfeld double of the Ringel-Hall algebra, one can apply the BGP-reflection
functors to the double Ringel-Hall algebra to obtain Lusztig's symmetries on
$\mathbf{U}$ and their important properties, for instance, the braid relations.
In this paper, we define a modified form $\dot{\mathcal{H}}$ of the Ringel-Hall
algebra and realize the Lusztig's symmetries on $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ by applying
the BGP-reflection functors to $\dot{\mathcal{H}}$.


  In this paper we present an iterative method, inspired by the inverse
iteration with shift technique of finite linear algebra, designed to find the
eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplacian with homogeneous Dirichlet
boundary condition for arbitrary bounded domains $\Omega\subset R^{N}$. This
method, which has a direct functional analysis approach, does not approximate
the eigenvalues of the Laplacian as those of a finite linear operator. It is
based on the uniform convergence away from nodal surfaces and can produce a
simple and fast algorithm for computing the eigenvalues with minimal
computational requirements, instead of using the ubiquitous Rayleigh quotient
of finite linear algebra. Also, an alternative expression for the Rayleigh
quotient in the associated infinite dimensional Sobolev space which avoids the
integration of gradients is introduced and shown to be more efficient. The
method can also be used in order to produce the spectral decomposition of any
given function $u\in L^{2}(\Omega)$.


  In this paper we present a simpler proof of the fact that no inequality
between $\mathrm{cof}(\mathcal{SN})$ and $\mathfrak{c}$ can be decided in ZFC
by using well-known tecniques and results.


  In the concluding session of the Joint International Conference titled
Econophys-2017 and Asia Pacific Econophysics Conference (APEC)-2017, held in
Jawaharlal Nehru University and Delhi University during November 15-18, 2017, a
brief version of this Proposal was presented. Several important and
enthusiastic comments were received from the participants. This note is based
on these comments and discussions.


  As cybercrime becomes one of the most significant threats facing society
today, it is of utmost importance to better understand the perpetrators behind
such attacks. In this article, we seek to advance research and practitioner
understanding of the cybercriminal (cyber-offender) profiling domain by
conducting a rigorous systematic review. This work investigates the
aforementioned domain to answer the question: what is the state-of-the-art in
the academic field of understanding, characterising and profiling
cybercriminals. Through the application of the PRISMA systematic literature
review technique, we identify 39 works from the last 14 years (2006-2020). Our
findings demonstrate that overall, there is lack of a common definition of
profiling for cyber-offenders. The review found that one of the primary types
of cybercriminals that studies have focused on is hackers and the majority of
papers used the deductive approach as a preferred one. This article produces an
up-to-date characterisation of the field and also defines open issues deserving
of further attention such as the role of security professionals and law
enforcement in supporting such research, as well as factors including
personality traits which must be further researched whilst exploring online
criminal behaviour. By understanding online offenders and their pathways
towards malevolent behaviours, we can better identify steps that need to be
taken to prevent such criminal activities.


  The creation of 2D realistic facial images and 3D face shapes using
generative networks has been a hot topic in recent years. Existing face
generators exhibit exceptional performance on faces in small to medium poses
(with respect to frontal faces) but struggle to produce realistic results for
large poses. The distorted rendering results on large poses in 3D-aware
generators further show that the generated 3D face shapes are far from the
distribution of 3D faces in reality. We find that the above issues are caused
by the training dataset's pose imbalance.
  In this paper, we present LPFF, a large-pose Flickr face dataset comprised of
19,590 high-quality real large-pose portrait images. We utilize our dataset to
train a 2D face generator that can process large-pose face images, as well as a
3D-aware generator that can generate realistic human face geometry. To better
validate our pose-conditional 3D-aware generators, we develop a new FID measure
to evaluate the 3D-level performance. Through this novel FID measure and other
experiments, we show that LPFF can help 2D face generators extend their latent
space and better manipulate the large-pose data, and help 3D-aware face
generators achieve better view consistency and more realistic 3D reconstruction
results.


  Magnetic fields of late-type stars are presumably generated by a dynamo
mechanism at the interface layer between the radiative interior and the outer
convective zone. The Rossby number, which is related to the dynamo process,
shows an observational correlation with activity. It represents the ratio
between the rotation period of the star and the local convective turnover time.
The former is well determined from observations but the latter is estimated by
an empirical iterated function depending on the color index (B-V) and the
mixing-length parameter. We computed the theoretical Rossby number of stellar
models with the TGEC code, and analyze its evolution with time during the main
sequence. We estimated a function for the local convective turnover time
corresponding to a mixing-length parameter inferred from a solar model, and
compare our results to the estimated Rossby number of 33 solar analogs and
twins, observed with the spectropolarimeters ESPaDOnS@CFHT and Narval@LBT.


  To efficiently exploit the massive amounts of raw data that are increasingly
being generated in mobile edge networks, federated learning (FL) has emerged as
a promising distributed learning technique. By collaboratively training a
shared learning model on edge devices, raw data transmission and storage are
replaced by the exchange of the local computed parameters/gradients in FL,
which thus helps address latency and privacy issues. However, the number of
resource blocks when using traditional orthogonal transmission strategies for
FL linearly scales with the number of participating devices, which conflicts
with the scarcity of communication resources. To tackle this issue,
over-the-air computation (AirComp) has emerged recently which leverages the
inherent superposition property of wireless channels to perform one-shot model
aggregation. However, the aggregation accuracy in AirComp suffers from the
unfavorable wireless propagation environment. In this paper, we consider the
use of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) to mitigate this problem and
improve FL performance with AirComp. Specifically, a performance-oriented
design scheme that directly minimizes the optimality gap of the loss function
is proposed to accelerate the convergence of AirComp-based FL. We first analyze
the convergence behavior of the FL procedure with the absence of channel fading
and noise. Based on the obtained optimality gap which characterizes the impact
of channel fading and noise in different communication rounds on the ultimate
performance of FL, we propose both online and offline approaches to tackle the
resulting design problem. Simulation results demonstrate that such a
performance-oriented design strategy can achieve higher test accuracy than the
conventional isolated mean square error (MSE) minimization approach in FL.


  With the advancing technology, the hardware gain of computers and the
increase in the processing capacity of processors have facilitated the
processing of instantaneous and real-time images. Face recognition processes
are also studies in the field of image processing. Facial recognition processes
are frequently used in security applications and commercial applications.
Especially in the last 20 years, the high performances of artificial
intelligence (AI) studies have contributed to the spread of these studies in
many different fields. Education is one of them. The potential and advantages
of using AI in education; can be grouped under three headings: student,
teacher, and institution. One of the institutional studies may be the security
of educational environments and the contribution of automation to education and
training processes. From this point of view, deep learning methods, one of the
sub-branches of AI, were used in this study. For object detection from images,
a pioneering study has been designed and successfully implemented to keep
records of students' entrance to the educational institution and to perform
class attendance with images taken from the camera using image processing
algorithms. The application of the study to real-life problems will be carried
out in a school determined in the 2022-2023 academic year.


  H.E.S.S. observed TeV blazar PKS 2155--304 in a strong flare state in 2006
July. The TeV flux varied on timescale as short as a few minutes, which sets
strong constraints on the properties of the emission region. By use of the
synchrotron self-Compton model, we found that models with the bulk Lorentz
factor $\sim 100$, the size of the emission region $\sim 10^{15}$ cm, and
magnetic field $\sim 0.1$ G explain the observed spectral energy distribution
and the flare timescale $\sim$ a few minutes. This model with a large value of
$\Gamma$ accounts for the emission spectrum not only in the TeV band but also
in the X-ray band. The major cooling process of electrons/positrons in the jet
is inverse Compton scattering off synchrotron photons. The energy content of
the jet is highly dominated by particle kinetic energy over magnetic energy.


  We obtain a description for the spectral distribution of the free Jacobi
process for any initial pair of projections. This result relies on a study of
the unitary operator $RU_tSU_t^*$ where $R,S$ are two symmetries and $U_t$ a
free unitary Brownian motion, freely independent from $\{R,S\}$. In particular,
for non-null traces of $R$ and $S$, we prove that the spectral measure of
$RU_tSU_t^*$ possesses two atoms at $\pm1$ and an $L^\infty$-density on the
unit circle $\mathbb{T}$, for every $t>0$. Next, via a Szeg\H{o} type transform
of this law, we obtain a full description of the spectral distribution of
$PU_tQU_t^*$ beyond the $\tau(P)=\tau(Q)=1/2$ case. Finally, we give some
specializations for which these measures are explicitly computed.


  Microsphere solid-state biolasers made of biomaterials-bovine serum albumin,
pectin and cellulose are demonstrated. The fabrication is simple, based on
emulsion, and with green processing. A lasing threshold of 1 microJ/mm2 and Q
factor of 3000 are measured. The lasers are biocompatible, do not interfere
with cell growth and division.


  This paper presents a pilot study aimed at introducing multi-agent debate
into multimodal reasoning. The study addresses two key challenges: the
trivialization of opinions resulting from excessive summarization and the
diversion of focus caused by distractor concepts introduced from images. These
challenges stem from the inductive (bottom-up) nature of existing debating
schemes. To address the issue, we propose a deductive (top-down) debating
approach called Blueprint Debate on Graphs (BDoG). In BDoG, debates are
confined to a blueprint graph to prevent opinion trivialization through
world-level summarization. Moreover, by storing evidence in branches within the
graph, BDoG mitigates distractions caused by frequent but irrelevant concepts.
Extensive experiments validate that BDoG is able to achieve state-of-the-art
results in ScienceQA and MMBench with significant improvements over previous
methods. The source code can be accessed at https://github.com/thecharm/BDoG.


  We present two-loop renormalization of $\phi^3$-model effective action by
using the background field method and cutoff momentum regularization. In this
paper, we also study a derivation of the quantum equation of motion and its
application to the renormalization.


  Motivated by the concept of ideal mutual statistics, we study a multispecies
Calogero-Sutherland model in which the interaction parameters and masses
satisfy some specific relations. The ground state is exactly solvable if those
relations hold, both on a circle and on a line with a simple harmonic
potential. In the latter case, the one-particle densities can be obtained using
a generalization of the Thomas-Fermi method. We calculate the second virial
coefficients in the high temperature expansion for the pressure. We show that
the low-energy excitations are the same as those of a Gaussian conformal field
theory. Finally, we discuss similar relations between the statistics parameters
and charges for a multispecies anyon model in a magnetic field.


  Routers, switches, and repeaters are essential components of modern
information-processing systems. Similar devices will be needed in future
superconducting quantum computers. In this work we investigate experimentally
the time evolution of Autler-Townes splitting in a superconducting phase qubit
under the application of a control tone resonantly coupled to the second
transition. A three-level model that includes independently determined
parameters for relaxation and dephasing gives excellent agreement with the
experiment. The results demonstrate that the qubit can be used as a ON/OFF
switch with 100 ns operating time-scale for the reflection/transmission of
photons coming from an applied probe microwave tone. The ON state is realized
when the control tone is sufficiently strong to generate an Autler-Townes
doublet, suppressing the absorption of the probe tone photons and resulting in
a maximum of transmission.


  We theoretically propose a strategy to address an individual spin in a large
array of spin qubits with a random distribution of g-factors by employing a
combination of single-qubit and SWAP gates facilitated by a global microwave
field and local exchange pulses. Consequently, only the target qubit undergoes
the desired operation and all other qubits return to their original states,
even qubits that share the same Larmor frequency as the target. Gate fidelities
above 99% can thus be maintained for arrays containing tens of qubits.


  A continuing challenge in atomic resolution microscopy is to identify
significant structural motifs and their assembly rules in synthesized materials
with limited observations. Here we propose and validate a simple and effective
hybrid generative model capable of predicting unseen domain boundaries in a
potassium sodium niobate thin film from only a small number of observations,
without expensive first-principles calculation. Our results demonstrate that
complicated domain boundary structures can arise from simple interpretable
local rules, played out probabilistically. We also found new significant
tileable boundary motifs and evidence that our system creates domain boundaries
with the highest entropy. More broadly, our work shows that simple yet
interpretable machine learning models can help us describe and understand the
nature and origin of disorder in complex materials.


  This paper predicts the effect of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI)
and spin Hall effect in the spin-torque diode response of a Magnetic Tunnel
Junction built over a Tantalum strip. Our results indicate that, for a
microwave current large enough, the DMI can change qualitatively the resonant
response by splitting the ferromagnetic resonance peak. We also find out that
the two modes have a non-uniform spatial distribution.


  We study the arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) property for finite sets of
points in multiprojective spaces, especially $(\mathbb P^1)^n$. A combinatorial
characterization, the $(\star)$-property, is known in $\mathbb P^1 \times
\mathbb P^1$. We propose a combinatorial property, $(\star_n)$, that directly
generalizes the $(\star)$-property to $(\mathbb P^1)^n$ for larger $n$. We show
that $X$ is ACM if and only if it satisfies the $(\star_n)$-property. The main
tool for several of our results is an extension to the multiprojective setting
of certain liaison methods in projective space.


  The core of quantum tomography is the possibility of writing a generally
unbounded complex operator in form of an expansion over operators that are
generally nonlinear functions of a generally continuous set of spectral
densities--the so-called "quorum" of observables. The expansion is generally
non unique, the non unicity allowing further optimization for given criteria.
The mathematical problem of tomography is thus the classification of all such
operator expansions for given (suitably closed) linear spaces of unbounded
operators--e.g. Banach spaces of operators with an appropriate norm. Such
problem is a difficult one, and remains still open, involving the theory of
general basis in Banach spaces, a still unfinished chapter of analysis. In this
paper we present new nontrivial operator expansions for the quorum of
quadratures of the harmonic oscillator, and introduce a first very preliminary
general framework to generate new expansions based on the Kolmogorov
construction. The material presented in this paper is intended to be helpful
for the solution of the general problem of quantum tomography in infinite
dimensions, which corresponds to provide a coherent mathematical framework for
operator expansions over functions of a continuous set of spectral densities.


  We have combined new high-resolution spectra obtained with the Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) and ground-based facilities to make a comprehensive new
abundance analysis of the metal-poor, halo star BD +17^\circ 3248. We have
detected the third r-process peak elements osmium, platinum, and (for the first
time in a metal-poor star) gold, elements whose abundances can only be reliably
determined using HST. Our observations illustrate a pattern seen in other
similar halo stars with the abundances of the heavier neutron-capture elements,
including the third r-process peak elements, consistent with a scaled solar
system r-process distribution. The abundances of the lighter neutron-capture
elements, including germanium and silver, fall below that same scaled solar
r-process curve, a result similar to that seen in the ultra-metal-poor star CS
22892--052. A single site with two regimes or sets of conditions, or perhaps
two different sites for the lighter and heavier neutron-capture elements, might
explain the abundance pattern seen in this star. In addition we have derived a
reliable abundance for the radioactive element thorium. We tentatively identify
U II at 3859 A in the spectrum of BD +17^\circ 3248, which makes this the
second detection of uranium in a very metal-poor halo star. Our combined
observations cover the widest range in proton number (from germanium to
uranium) thus far of neutron-capture elements in metal-poor Galactic halo
stars. Employing the thorium and uranium abundances in comparison with each
other and with several stable elements, we determine an average
cosmochronological age for BD +17^\circ 3248 of 13.8 +/- 4 Gyr, consistent with
that found for other similar metal-poor halo stars.


  Extracting useful information from large data sets can be a daunting task.
Topological methods for analyzing data sets provide a powerful technique for
extracting such information. Persistent homology is a sophisticated tool for
identifying such topological features -- connected components, holes, or voids
-- and for determining how such features persist as the data is viewed at
different scales. This paper provides quantum algorithms for calculating Betti
numbers in persistent homology, and for finding eigenvectors and eigenvalues of
the combinatorial Laplacian. The algorithms provide an exponential speedup over
classical algorithms for topological data analysis.


  We estimate the two-point correlation function of dark matter haloes, with
masses >10^{13} h^{-1} Mo, that have or not significant substructure. The
haloes are identified with a friends of friends algorithm in a large LCDM
simulation at two redshift snapshots (z=0 and 1), while halo substructure is
determined using an observationally driven method. We find in both epochs a
clear and significant signal by which haloes with substructure are more
clustered than those with no-substructure. This is true for all the considered
halo mass ranges, although for the highest halo masses the signal is noisy and
present only out to ~20 h^{-1} Mpc. There is also a smooth increase of the halo
correlation length with increasing amplitude of the halo substructure. We also
find that substructured haloes are typically located in high-density
large-scale environments, while the opposite is true for non-substructured
haloes. If the haloes found in high-density regions have a relatively earlier
formation time, as suggested by recent works, then they do indeed have more
time to cluster than haloes, of a similar mass, which form later in the
low-density regions. In such a case one would have naively expected that the
former (earlier formed) haloes would typically be dynamically more relaxed than
the latter (later formed). However, the higher merging and interaction
rate,expected in high-density regions, could disrupt their relatively relaxed
dynamical state and thus be the cause for the higher fraction of haloes with
substructure found in such regions.


  For a probability P in $R^d$ its center outward distribution function
$F_{\pm}$, introduced in Chernozhukov et al. (2017) and Hallin et al. (2021),
is a new and successful concept of multivariate distribution function based on
mass transportation theory. This work proves, for a probability P with density
locally bounded away from zero and infinity in its support, the continuity of
the center-outward map on the interior of the support of P and the continuity
of its inverse, the quantile, $Q_{\pm}$. This relaxes the convexity assumption
in del Barrio et al. (2020). Some important consequences of this continuity are
Glivenko-Cantelli type theorems and characterisation of weak convergence by the
stability of the center-outward map.


  The control of transport properties is a key tool at the basis of many
technologically relevant effects in condensed matter. The clean and precisely
controlled environment of ultracold atoms in optical lattices allows one to
prepare simplified but instructive models, which can help to better understand
the underlying physical mechanisms. Here we show that by tuning a structural
deformation of the unit cell in a bipartite optical lattice, one can induce a
phase transition from a superfluid into various Mott insulating phases forming
a shell structure in the superimposed harmonic trap. The Mott shells are
identified via characteristic features in the visibility of Bragg maxima in
momentum spectra. The experimental findings are explained by Gutzwiller
mean-field and quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Our system bears similarities
with the loss of coherence in cuprate superconductors, known to be associated
with the doping induced buckling of the oxygen octahedra surrounding the copper
sites.


  A singular riemannian foliation F on a complete riemannian manifold M is said
to admit sections if each regular point of M is contained in a complete totally
geodesic immersed submanifold (a section) that meets every leaf of F
orthogonally and whose dimension is the codimension of the regular leaves of F.
  We prove that the algebra of basic forms of M relative to F is isomorphic to
the algebra of those differential forms on a section that are invariant under
the generalized Weyl pseudogroup of this section. This extends a result of
Michor for polar actions. It follows from this result that the algebra of basic
function is finitely generated if the sections are compact.
  We also prove that the leaves of F coincide with the level sets of a
transnormal map (generalization of isoparametric map) if M is simply connected,
the sections are flat and the leaves of F are compact. This result extends
previous results due to Carter and West, Terng, and Heintze, Liu and Olmos.


  The standard state-dependent Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainly-relation lower
bound fails to capture the quintessential incompatibility of observables as the
bound can be zero for some states. To remedy this problem, we establish a class
of tight (i.e., inequalities are saturated)variance-based sum-uncertainty
relations derived from the Lie algebraic properties of observables and show
that our lower bounds depend only on the irreducible representation assumed
carried by the Hilbert space of state of the system. We illustrate our result
for the cases of the Weyl-Heisenberg algebra, special unitary algebras up to
rank 4, and any semisimple compact algebra. We also prove the usefulness of our
results by extending a known variance-based entanglement detection criterion.


  Software quality estimation is a challenging and time-consuming activity, and
models are crucial to face the complexity of such activity on modern software
applications. In this context, software refactoring is a crucial activity
within development life-cycles where requirements and functionalities rapidly
evolve. One main challenge is that the improvement of distinctive quality
attributes may require contrasting refactoring actions on software, as for
trade-off between performance and reliability (or other non-functional
attributes). In such cases, multi-objective optimization can provide the
designer with a wider view on these trade-offs and, consequently, can lead to
identify suitable refactoring actions that take into account independent or
even competing objectives. In this paper, we present an approach that exploits
NSGA-II as the genetic algorithm to search optimal Pareto frontiers for
software refactoring while considering many objectives. We consider performance
and reliability variations of a model alternative with respect to an initial
model, the amount of performance antipatterns detected on the model
alternative, and the architectural distance, which quantifies the effort to
obtain a model alternative from the initial one. We applied our approach on two
case studies: a Train Ticket Booking Service, and CoCoME. We observed that our
approach is able to improve performance (by up to 42\%) while preserving or
even improving the reliability (by up to 32\%) of generated model alternatives.
We also observed that there exists an order of preference of refactoring
actions among model alternatives. We can state that performance antipatterns
confirmed their ability to improve performance of a subject model in the
context of many-objective optimization. In addition, the metric that we adopted
for the architectural distance seems to be suitable for estimating the
refactoring effort.


  The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is successfully used in
many control systems (CS) for data transfer and device modeling. Communication
rates below 1 millisecond, high reliability, scalability, language independence
and other features make it very attractive. For common types of applications
like error logging, alarm messaging or slow monitoring, one can benefit from
standard CORBA services that are implemented by third parties and save
tremendous amount of developing time. We have started using few CORBA services
on our previous CORBA-based control system for the light source ANKA [1] and
use now several CORBA services for the ALMA Common Software (ACS) [2], the core
of the control system of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. Our experiences
with the interface repository (IFR), the implementation repository, the naming
service, the property service, telecom log service and the notify service from
different vendors are presented. Performance and scalability benchmarks have
been performed.


  We show how to simplify the computation of the entanglement of formation and
the relative entropy of entanglement for states, which are invariant under a
group of local symmetries. For several examples of groups we characterize the
state spaces, which are invariant under these groups. For specific examples we
calculate the entanglement measures. In particular, we derive an explicit
formula for the entanglement of formation for UU-invariant states, and we find
a counterexample to the additivity conjecture for the relative entropy of
entanglement.


  We characterize the class of homotopy pull-back squares by means of
elementary closure properties. The so called Puppe theorem which identifies the
homotopy fiber of certain maps constructed as homotopy colimits is a
straightforward consequence. Likewise we characterize the class of squares
which are homotopy pull-backs "up to Bousfield localization". This yields a
generalization of Puppe's theorem which allows to identify the homotopy type of
the localized homotopy fiber. When the localization functor is homological
localization this is one of the key ingredients in the group completion
theorem.


  In this paper we study the large-time behavior of classical solutions to the
two-species Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann system in the whole space $\R^3$. The
existence of global in time nearby Maxwellian solutions is known from [34] in
2006. However the asymptotic behavior of these solutions has been a challenging
open problem. Building on our previous work [10] on time decay for the simpler
Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system, we prove that these solutions converge to the
global Maxwellian with the optimal decay rate of $O(t^{-3/2+\frac{3}{2r}})$ in
$L^2_\xi(L^r_x)$-norm for any $2\leq r\leq \infty$ if initial perturbation is
smooth enough and decays in space-velocity fast enough at infinity. Moreover,
some explicit rates for the electromagnetic field tending to zero are also
provided.


  We use the QCD sum rule approach to calculate the splitting between vector
and pseudoscalar mesons containing one light and one heavy quark, and the
kinetic energy of the heavy quark. Our result for the splitting induced by the
chromomagnetic interaction agrees to the experimental data on charm and beauty
mesons. For the matrix element of the kinetic energy operator, we obtain the
value $K=-(0.60\pm 0.10)\, {\rm GeV}^2$.


  Human intelligence has the remarkable ability to adapt to new tasks and
environments quickly. Starting from a very young age, humans acquire new skills
and learn how to solve new tasks either by imitating the behavior of others or
by following provided natural language instructions. To facilitate research in
this direction, we propose IGLU: Interactive Grounded Language Understanding in
a Collaborative Environment. The primary goal of the competition is to approach
the problem of how to build interactive agents that learn to solve a task while
provided with grounded natural language instructions in a collaborative
environment. Understanding the complexity of the challenge, we split it into
sub-tasks to make it feasible for participants.
  This research challenge is naturally related, but not limited, to two fields
of study that are highly relevant to the NeurIPS community: Natural Language
Understanding and Generation (NLU/G) and Reinforcement Learning (RL).
Therefore, the suggested challenge can bring two communities together to
approach one of the important challenges in AI. Another important aspect of the
challenge is the dedication to perform a human-in-the-loop evaluation as a
final evaluation for the agents developed by contestants.


  The geodesic equations for the general case of diagonal metrics of static,
spherically symmetric fields are calculated. The elimination of the proper time
variable gives the motion equations for test particles with respect to
coordinate time and an account of gravitational acceleration from the
coordinate perspective. The results are applied to the Schwarzschild metric and
to the so-called exponential metric. In an attempt to add an account of
gravitational force from the coordinate perspective, the special relativistic
mass-energy relation is generalized to diagonal metrics involving location
dependent and possibly anisotropic light speeds. This move requires a
distinction between two aspects of the mass of a test particle (parallel and
perpendicular to the field). The obtained force expressions do not reveal
gravitational repulsion for the Schwarzschild metric and for the exponential
metric.


  In recent years intercalated and pillared graphitic systems have come under
increasing scrutiny because of their potential for modern energy technologies.
While traditional \emph{ab initio} methods such as the LDA give accurate
geometries for graphite they are poorer at predicting physicial properties such
as cohesive energies and elastic constants perpendicular to the layers because
of the strong dependence on long-range dispersion forces. `Stretching' the
layers via pillars or intercalation further highlights these weaknesses. We use
the ideas developed by [J. F. Dobson et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 96}, 073201
(2006)] as a starting point to show that the asymptotic $C_3 D^{-3}$ dependence
of the cohesive energy on layer spacing $D$ in bigraphene is universal to all
graphitic systems with evenly spaced layers. At spacings appropriate to
intercalates, this differs from and begins to dominate the $C_4 D^{-4}$ power
law for dispersion that has been widely used previously. The corrected power
law (and a calculated $C_3$ coefficient) is then unsuccesfully employed in the
semiempirical approach of [M. Hasegawa and K. Nishidate, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 70},
205431 (2004)] (HN). A modified, physicially motivated semiempirical method
including some $C_4 D^{-4}$ effects allows the HN method to be used
successfully and gives an absolute increase of about $2-3%$ to the predicted
cohesive energy, while still maintaining the correct $C_3 D^{-3}$ asymptotics.


  In the Minimum $d$-Dimensional Arrangement Problem (d-dimAP) we are given a
graph with edge weights, and the goal is to find a 1-1 map of the vertices into
$\mathbb{Z}^d$ (for some fixed dimension $d\geq 1$) minimizing the total
weighted stretch of the edges. This problem arises in VLSI placement and chip
design.
  Motivated by these applications, we consider a generalization of d-dimAP,
where the positions of some of the vertices (pins) is fixed and specified as
part of the input. We are asked to extend this partial map to a map of all the
vertices, again minimizing the weighted stretch of edges. This generalization,
which we refer to as d-dimAP+, arises naturally in these application domains
(since it can capture blocked-off parts of the board, or the requirement of
power-carrying pins to be in certain locations, etc.). Perhaps surprisingly,
very little is known about this problem from an approximation viewpoint.
  For dimension $d=2$, we obtain an $O(k^{1/2} \cdot \log n)$-approximation
algorithm, based on a strengthening of the spreading-metric LP for 2-dimAP. The
integrality gap for this LP is shown to be $\Omega(k^{1/4})$. We also show that
it is NP-hard to approximate 2-dimAP+ within a factor better than
$\Omega(k^{1/4-\eps})$. We also consider a (conceptually harder, but
practically even more interesting) variant of 2-dimAP+, where the target space
is the grid $\mathbb{Z}_{\sqrt{n}} \times \mathbb{Z}_{\sqrt{n}}$, instead of
the entire integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}^2$. For this problem, we obtain a $O(k
\cdot \log^2{n})$-approximation using the same LP relaxation. We complement
this upper bound by showing an integrality gap of $\Omega(k^{1/2})$, and an
$\Omega(k^{1/2-\eps})$-inapproximability result.
  Our results naturally extend to the case of arbitrary fixed target dimension
$d\geq 1$.


  (Ga,Mn)As is at the forefront of research exploring the synergy of magnetism
with the physics and technology of semiconductors, and has led to discoveries
of new spin-dependent phenomena and functionalities applicable to a wide range
of material systems. Its recognition and utility as an ideal model material for
spintronics research has been undermined by the large scatter in reported
semiconducting doping trends and micromagnetic parameters. In this paper we
establish these basic material characteristics by individually optimizing the
highly non-equilibrium synthesis for each Mn-doping level and by simultaneously
determining all micromagnetic parameters from one set of magneto-optical
pump-and-probe measurements. Our (Ga,Mn)As thin-film epilayers, spannig the
wide range of accessible dopings, have sharp thermodynamic Curie point
singularities typical of uniform magnetic systems. The materials show
systematic trends of increasing magnetization, carrier density, and Curie
temperature (reaching 188 K) with increasing doping, and monotonous doping
dependence of the Gilbert damping constant of ~0.1-0.01 and the spin stiffness
of ~2-3 meVnm^2. These results render (Ga,Mn)As well controlled degenerate
semiconductor with basic magnetic characteristics comparable to common band
ferromagnets.


  We investigate the relation between black hole mass, M_bh, and jet power,
Q_jet, for a sample of BL Lacs and radio quasars. We find that BL Lacs are
separated from radio quasars by the FR I/II dividing line in M_bh-Q_jet plane,
which strongly supports the unification scheme of FR I/BL Lac and FR II/radio
quasar. The Eddington ratio distribution of BL Lacs and radio quasars exhibits
a bimodal nature with a rough division at L_bol/L_Edd~0.01, which imply that
they may have different accretion modes. We calculate the jet power extracted
from advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF), and find that it require
dimensionless angular momentum of black hole j~0.9-0.99 to reproduce the
dividing line between FR I/II or BL Lac/radio quasar if dimensionless accretion
rate mdot=0.01 is adopted, which is required by above bimodal distribution of
Eddington ratios. Our results suggest that black holes in radio galaxies are
rapidly spinning.


  Lattice relaxations, surface phonon spectra, surface energies, and work
functions are calculated for Rh(100) and Rh(110) surfaces using
density-functional theory and the full-potential linearized augmented plane
wave method. Both, the local-density approximation and the generalized gradient
approximation to the exchange-correlation functional are considered. The force
constants are obtained from the directly calculated atomic forces, and the
temperature dependence of the surface relaxation is evaluated by minimizing the
free energy of the system. The anharmonicity of the atomic vibrations is taken
into account within the quasiharmonic approximation. The importance of
contributions from different phonons to the surface relaxation is analyzed.


  We study the Nonlinear (Polynomial, N-fold,...) Supersymmetry algebra in
one-dimensional QM. Its structure is determined by the type of conjugation
operation (Hermitian conjugation or transposition) and described with the help
of the Super-Hamiltonian projection on the zero-mode subspace of a supercharge.
We show that the SUSY algebra with transposition symmetry is always polynomial
in the Hamiltonian if supercharges represent differential operators of finite
order. The appearance of the extended SUSY with several (complex or real)
supercharges is analyzed in details and it is established that no more than two
independent supercharges may generate a Nonlinear superalgebra which can be
appropriately specified as {\cal N} = 2 SUSY. In this case we find a
non-trivial hidden symmetry operator and rephrase it as a non-linear function
of the Super-Hamiltonian on the physical state space. The full {\cal N} = 2
Non-linear SUSY algebra includes "central charges" both polynomial and
non-polynomial (due to a symmetry operator) in the Super-Hamiltonian.


  Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit impressive cross-modal understanding
and reasoning abilities, often assessed through multiple-choice questions
(MCQs) that include an image, a question, and several options. However, many
benchmarks used for such evaluations suffer from systematic biases. Remarkably,
Large Language Models (LLMs) without any visual perception capabilities achieve
non-trivial performance, undermining the credibility of these evaluations. To
address this issue while maintaining the efficiency of MCQ evaluations, we
propose MMEvalPro, a benchmark designed to avoid Type-I errors through a
trilogy evaluation pipeline and more rigorous metrics. For each original
question from existing benchmarks, human annotators augment it by creating one
perception question and one knowledge anchor question through a meticulous
annotation process. MMEvalPro comprises $2,138$ question triplets, totaling
$6,414$ distinct questions. Two-thirds of these questions are manually labeled
by human experts, while the rest are sourced from existing benchmarks (MMMU,
ScienceQA, and MathVista). Compared with the existing benchmarks, our
experiments with the latest LLMs and LMMs demonstrate that MMEvalPro is more
challenging (the best LMM lags behind human performance by $31.73\%$, compared
to an average gap of $8.03\%$ in previous benchmarks) and more trustworthy (the
best LLM trails the best LMM by $23.09\%$, whereas the gap for previous
benchmarks is just $14.64\%$). Our in-depth analysis explains the reason for
the large performance gap and justifies the trustworthiness of evaluation,
underscoring its significant potential for advancing future research.


  This White Paper sets out to explain the value that metamodelling can bring
to air traffic management (ATM) research. It will define metamodelling and
explore what it can, and cannot, do. The reader is assumed to have basic
knowledge of SESAR: the Single European Sky ATM Research project. An important
element of SESAR, as the technological pillar of the Single European Sky
initiative, is to bring about improvements, as measured through specific key
performance indicators (KPIs), and as implemented by a series of so-called
SESAR 'Solutions'. These 'Solutions' are new or improved operational procedures
or technologies, designed to meet operational and performance improvements
described in the European ATM Master Plan.


  We present a numerical method for generating the state-feedback control
policy associated with general undiscounted, constant-setpoint,
infinite-horizon, nonlinear optimal control problems with continuous state
variables. The method is based on approximate dynamic programming, and is
closely related to approximate policy iteration. Existing methods typically
terminate based on the convergence of the control policy and either require a
discounted problem formulation or demand the cost function to lie in a specific
subclass of functions. The presented method extends on existing termination
criteria by requiring both the control policy and the resulting system state to
converge, allowing for use with undiscounted cost functions that are bounded
and continuous. This paper defines the numerical method, derives the relevant
underlying mathematical properties, and validates the numerical method with
representative examples. A MATLAB implementation with the shown examples is
freely available.


  With the rapid development of telescopes, both temporal cadence and the
spatial resolution of observations are increasing. This in turn generates vast
amount of data, which can be efficiently searched only with automated
detections in order to derive the features of interest in the observations. A
number of automated detection methods and algorithms have been developed for
solar activities, based on the image processing and machine learning
techniques. In this paper, after briefly reviewing some automated detection
methods, we describe our efficient and versatile automated detection method for
solar filaments. It is able not only to recognize filaments, determine the
features such as the position, area, spine, and other relevant parameters, but
also to trace the daily evolution of the filaments. It is applied to process
the full disk H-alpha data observed in nearly three solar cycles, and some
statistic results are presented.


  It has been suggested that a class of chemically peculiar metal-poor stars
called iron-rich metal-poor (IRMP) stars formed from molecular cores with metal
contents dominated by thermonuclear supernova nucleosynthesis. If this
interpretation is accurate, then IRMP stars should be more common in
environments where thermonuclear supernovae were important contributors to
chemical evolution. Conversely, IRMP stars should be less common in
environments where thermonuclear supernovae were not important contributors to
chemical evolution. At constant $[\text{Fe/H}] \lesssim -1$, the Milky Way's
satellite classical dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies and the Magellanic Clouds
have lower $[\text{$\alpha$/Fe}]$ than the Milky Way field and globular cluster
populations. This difference is thought to demonstrate the importance of
thermonuclear supernova nucleosynthesis for the chemical evolution of the Milky
Way's satellite classical dSph galaxies and the Magellanic Clouds. We use data
from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Apache Point Observatory Galactic
Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and Gaia to infer the occurrence of IRMP stars in
the Milky Way's satellite classical dSph galaxies $\eta_{\text{dSph}}$ and the
Magellanic Clouds $\eta_{\text{Mag}}$ as well as in the Milky Way field
$\eta_{\text{MWF}}$ and globular cluster populations $\eta_{\text{MWGC}}$. In
order of decreasing occurrence, we find
$\eta_{\text{dSph}}=0.07_{-0.02}^{+0.02}$,
$\eta_{\text{Mag}}=0.037_{-0.006}^{+0.007}$,
$\eta_{\text{MWF}}=0.0013_{-0.0005}^{+0.0006}$, and a 1-$\sigma$ upper limit
$\eta_{\text{MWGC}}<0.00057$. These occurrences support the inference that IRMP
stars formed in environments dominated by thermonuclear supernova
nucleosynthesis and that the time lag between the formation of the first and
second stellar generations in globular clusters was longer than the
thermonuclear supernova delay time.


  It is shown that artificial magnetism with relatively large frequency
bandwidth can be obtained from periodic arrangements of dielectric rings.
Combined with dielectric rods, dielectric rings can provide 3D isotropic
left-handed metamaterials being an advantageous alternative to metallic split
ring resonators and/or metallic wires when un-detectability by low frequency
external magnetic fields is desired. Furthermore it is shown that dielectric
rings can be also combined with natural plasma-like media to obtain a
left-handed metamaterial.


  Runaway thermonuclear burning of a layer of accumulated fuel on the surface
of a compact star provides a brief but intense display of stellar nuclear
processes. For neutron stars accreting from a binary companion, these events
manifest as thermonuclear (type-I) X-ray bursts, and recur on typical
timescales of hours to days. We measured the burst rate as a function of
accretion rate, from seven neutron stars with known spin rates, using a burst
sample accumulated over several decades. At the highest accretion rates, the
burst rate is lower for faster spinning stars. The observations imply that fast
(> 400 Hz) rotation encourages stabilization of nuclear burning, suggesting a
dynamical dependence of nuclear ignition on the spin rate. This dependence is
unexpected, because faster rotation entails less shear between the surrounding
accretion disk and the star. Large-scale circulation in the fuel layer, leading
to enhanced mixing of the burst ashes into the fuel layer, may explain this
behavior; further numerical simulations are required to confirm.


  We analyse what happens when the Horndeski Lagrangian is varied within the
Palatini approach by considering the metric and connection as independent
variables. Assuming the connection to be torsionless, there can be infinitely
many metric-affine versions $L_{\rm P}$ of the original Lagrangian which differ
from each other by terms proportional to the non-metricity tensor. After
integrating out the connection, each $L_{\rm P}$ defines a metric theory, which
can either belong to the original Horndeski family, or it can be of a more
general DHOST type, or it shows the Ostrogradsky ghost. We analyse in detail
the subclass of the theory for which the equations are linear in the connection
and find that its metric-affine version is ghost-free. We present a detailed
classifications of homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies in these theories.
Taking into consideration other pieces of the Horndeski Lagrangian which are
non-linear in the connection leads to more complex metric-affine theories which
generically show the ghost. In some special cases the ghost can be removed by
carefully adjusting the non-metricity contribution, but it is unclear if this
is always possible. Therefore, the metric-affine generalisations of the
Horndeski theory can be ghost-free, but not all of them are ghost-free, neither
are they the only metric-affine theories for a gravity-coupled scalar field
which can be ghost-free.


  Circular Rydberg states with $n=70$ have been prepared in helium using a
modified version of the crossed-fields method. This approach to the preparation
of high-$n$ circular Rydberg states overcomes limitations of the standard
crossed-fields method which arise at this, and higher, values of $n$. The
experiments were performed with atoms traveling in pulsed supersonic beams that
were initially laser photoexcited from the metastable 1s2s$\,^3$S$_1$ level to
the 1s73s$\,^3$S$_1$ level by resonance-enhanced two-color two-photon
excitation in a magnetic field of 16.154 G. These excited atoms were then
polarized using a perpendicular electric field of 0.844~V/cm, and transferred
by a pulse of microwave radiation to the state that, when adiabatically
depolarized, evolves into the $n=70$ circular state in zero electric field. The
excited atoms were detected by state-selective electric field ionization. Each
step of the circular state preparation process was validated by comparison with
the calculated atomic energy level structure in the perpendicular electric and
magnetic fields used. Of the atoms initially excited to the 1s73s$\,^3$S$_1$
level, $\sim80$\% were transferred to the $n=70$ circular state. At these high
values of $n$, $\Delta n = 1$ circular-to-circular Rydberg state transitions
occur at frequencies below 20 GHz. Consequently, atoms in these states, and the
circular state preparation process presented here, are well suited to hybrid
cavity QED experiments with Rydberg atoms and superconducting microwave
circuits.


  Given an open neighborhood $W$ of the zero section in the cotangent bundle of
$N$ we define a distance-like function $\rho_W$ on $N$ using certain symplectic
embeddings from the standard ball $B^{2n}(r)$ to $W$. We show that when $W$ is
the unit disc-cotangent bundle of a Riemannian metric on $N$, $\rho_W$ recovers
the metric. As an intermediate step, we give a new construction of the ball of
capacity 4 to the product of Lagrangian discs $P_L := B^n(1)\times B^n(1)$, and
we give a new proof of the strong Viterbo conjecture about normalized
capacities for $P_L$. We also give bounds of the symplectic packing number of
two balls in a unit disc-cotangent bundle relative to the zero section $N$.


  The general linear model (GLM) is a well established tool for analyzing
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Most fMRI analyses via GLM
proceed in a massively univariate fashion where the same design matrix is used
for analyzing data from each voxel. A major limitation of this approach is the
locally varying nature of signals of interest as well as associated confounds.
This local variability results in a potentially large bias and uncontrolled
increase in variance for the contrast of interest. The main contributions of
this paper are two fold (1) We develop a statistical framework called SMART
that enables estimation of an optimal design matrix while explicitly
controlling the bias variance decomposition over a set of potential design
matrices and (2) We develop and validate a numerical algorithm for computing
optimal design matrices for general fMRI data sets. The implications of this
framework include the ability to match optimally the magnitude of underlying
signals to their true magnitudes while also matching the "null" signals to zero
size thereby optimizing both the sensitivity and specificity of signal
detection. By enabling the capture of multiple profiles of interest using a
single contrast (as opposed to an F-test) in a way that optimizes for both bias
and variance enables the passing of first level parameter estimates and their
variances to the higher level for group analysis which is not possible using
F-tests. We demonstrate the application of this approach to in vivo
pharmacological fMRI data capturing the acute response to a drug infusion, to
task-evoked, block design fMRI and to the estimation of a haemodynamic response
function (HRF) response in event-related fMRI. Our framework is quite general
and has potentially wide applicability to a variety of disciplines.


  A staged tree model is a discrete statistical model encoding relationships
between events. These models are realised by directed trees with coloured
vertices. In algebro-geometric terms, the model consists of points inside a
toric variety. For certain trees, called balanced, the model is in fact the
intersection of the toric variety and the probability simplex. This gives the
model a straightforward description, and has computational advantages. In this
paper we show that the class of staged tree models with a toric structure
extends far outside of the balanced case, if we allow a change of coordinates.
It is an open problem whether all staged tree models have toric structure.


  In any cubic polynomial, the average of the slopes at the $3$ roots is the
negation of the slope at the average of the roots. In any quartic, the average
of the slopes at the $4$ roots is twice the negation of the slope at the
average of the roots. We generalize such situations and present a procedure for
determining all such relationships for polynomials of any degree. E.g., in any
septic $f$, letting $\overline{f}_n$ denote the mean $f$ value over all zeroes
of the derivative $f^{\left(n\right)}$, it holds that $37$ $\overline{f}_1-150$
$\overline{f}_3+200\,\overline{f}_4-135\,\overline{f}_5+48\,%
\overline{f}_6=0$; and in any quartic it holds that $5$ $\overline{f}_1-6$
$\overline{f}_2+1\,\overline{f}_3=0$. Having calculated such relationships in
all dimensions up to 40, in all even dimensions there is a single relationship,
in all odd dimensions there is a two-dimensional family of relationships. We
come upon connections to Tchebyshev, Bernoulli, \& Euler polynomials, and
Stirling numbers.


  We make some remarks on Berry's paper [{\it Eur. J. Phys.} 27 (2006)
109-118].


  Structure and reaction studies with a method of antisymmetrized molecular
dynamics (AMD) were reviewed. Applications of time-independent and
time-dependent versions of the AMD were described. In applications of
time-independent AMD to nuclear structure studies, structures of neutron-rich
nuclei such as Be, C, Ne, and Mg isotopes were described focusing on cluster
aspects. Important roles of valence neutrons were discussed. The results
suggested a variety of cluster structures appear also in unstable nuclei as
well as in stable nuclei. Deformation and cluster phenomena in $Z\sim N$ nuclei
in $p$- and $sd$- shell regions were also discussed. Applications of
time-dependent AMD contain various topics such as fragmentation in heavy-ion
collisions as well as nuclear responses. The AMD calculations successfully
describe multifragmentation which is one of the remarkable phenomena in
heavy-ion collisions. The approach is able to link reactions and nuclear matter
properties. The studies suggested the important balance between single-particle
motions and correlations to form clusters and fragments.


  We report inelastic time-of-flight and triple-axis neutron scattering
measurements of the excitation spectrum of the coupled antiferromagnetic spin-1
Heisenberg chain system CsNiCl3. Measurements over a wide range of wave-vector
transfers along the chain confirm that above T_N CsNiCl3 is in a
quantum-disordered phase with an energy gap in the excitation spectrum. The
spin correlations fall off exponentially with increasing distance with a
correlation length xi=4.0(2) sites at T=6.2K. This is shorter than the
correlation length for an antiferromagnetic spin-1 Heisenberg chain at this
temperature, suggesting that the correlations perpendicular to the chain
direction and associated with the interchain coupling lower the single-chain
correlation length. A multi-particle continuum is observed in the
quantum-disordered phase in the region in reciprocal space where
antiferromagnetic fluctuations are strongest, extending in energy up to twice
the maximum of the dispersion of the well-defined triplet excitations. We show
that the continuum satisfies the Hohenberg-Brinkman sum rule. The dependence of
the multi-particle continuum on the chain wave-vector resembles that of the
two-spinon continuum in antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains. This
suggests the presence of spin-1/2 degrees of freedom in CsNiCl3 for T < 12K,
possibly caused by multiply-frustrated interchain interactions.


  The Fermi-Hubbard model (FHM) is a cornerstone of modern condensed matter
theory. Developed for interacting electrons in solids, which typically exhibit
SU($2$) symmetry, it describes a wide range of phenomena, such as metal to
insulator transitions and magnetic order. Its generalized SU($N$)-symmetric
form, originally applied to multi-orbital materials such as transition-metal
oxides, has recently attracted much interest owing to the availability of
ultracold SU($N$)-symmetric atomic gases. Here we report on a detailed
experimental investigation of the SU($N$)-symmetric FHM using local probing of
an atomic gas of ytterbium in an optical lattice to determine the equation of
state through different interaction regimes. We prepare a low-temperature
SU($N$)-symmetric Mott insulator and characterize the Mott crossover,
representing important steps towards probing predicted novel SU($N$)-magnetic
phases.


  This paper presents a radar odometry method that combines probabilistic
trajectory estimation and deep learned features without needing groundtruth
pose information. The feature network is trained unsupervised, using only the
on-board radar data. With its theoretical foundation based on a data likelihood
objective, our method leverages a deep network for processing rich radar data,
and a non-differentiable classic estimator for probabilistic inference. We
provide extensive experimental results on both the publicly available Oxford
Radar RobotCar Dataset and an additional 100 km of driving collected in an
urban setting. Our sliding-window implementation of radar odometry outperforms
most hand-crafted methods and approaches the current state of the art without
requiring a groundtruth trajectory for training. We also demonstrate the
effectiveness of radar odometry under adverse weather conditions. Code for this
project can be found at: https://github.com/utiasASRL/hero_radar_odometry


  The stationary single vortex Marangoni convection in an axially symmetrical
sessile drop of capillary size is considered. The detailed description of the
fluid flows is presented for a wide range of contact angles, which takes into
account the boundary conditions and the mass balance equation, without
explicitly solving the Navier--Stokes equations. The analytical approach
developed is compared with the results of numerical simulations and
demonstrated to describe reasonably well the single-vortex Marangoni flows.
This indicates the substantial role of the boundary conditions in the problem.


  We prove that the perpetual American put option price of level dependent
volatility model with compound Poisson jumps is convex and is the classical
solution of its associated quasi-variational inequality, that it is $C^2$
except at the stopping boundary and that it is $C^1$ everywhere (i.e. the
smooth pasting condition always holds).


  Piezoelectric PZT solid solutions were studied as a function of pressure and
temperature. Moderate pressure is found to induce phase transitions to
monoclinic phases (Cm,Cc) for Ti-rich PZT, which are the same ferroelectric
phases responsible for the high piezoelectric properties of the MPB. The
following transformation sequence P4mm -> Cm -> Cc -> F1 -> F-1 was identified
upon increasing pressure. Compression behaviour is dominated by: (1) a rotation
and a reduction of the spontaneouspolarization and (2) octahedral tilting
leading to unit cell doubling. Future studies as a function of pressure,
temperature and electric field on single crystals of heterovalent relaxor
ferroelectric isotypes of PZT are proposed in order to better understand these
potentially technologically-important piezoferroelectric materials.


  This paper is devoted to a study of linear, differential and topological
classifications for linear controlled systems governed by ordinary differential
equations. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the linear and
topological equivalence are given. It is also shown that the differential
equivalence is the same as the linear equivalence for the linear controlled
systems.