  In this paper, a theoretical journey from electronic to magneto-caloric
effect has been shown through the magnetic properties of aluminium induced
yttrium chromate. The ground state electronic band structure and density of
states have been studied using first principle calculations under GGA+U
schemes. From the energy minimization, the ferromagnetic structure is more
stable than the antiferromagnetic one. The interaction constant as well as the
magnetic moment, have been determined from mean-field theory and DFT,
respectively. The Monte-Carlo simulation under Metropolis algorithm has been
employed to determine the critical temperature ($T_C$), which is nearly same as
the experimental value. The temperature-dependent magnetization shows that
these materials exhibit a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition at
~136 K, 130 K, 110 K, and 75 K respectively. The two inherent properties named
the isothermal entropy change ($\Delta S_M$) and the adiabatic temperature
change ($\Delta T_{ad}$) as a function of temperature for different applied
magnetic fields have been determined to measure the magnetocaloric efficiency
of these materials. The relative cooling power (RCP), which is calculated
around $T_C$, changes from 4.7 J/Kg to 2.5 J/Kg with the decreasing
Cr-concentration.


  Standard sirens have been proposed as probes of alternative theories of
gravity, such as Horndeski models. Hitherto, all studies have been conducted on
a homogeneous-isotropic cosmological background, which is unable to
consistently account for realistic distributions of matter, and for
inhomogeneities in the Horndeski scalar field. Yet, the latter are essential
for screening mechanisms. In this article, we comprehensively analyze the
propagation of Horndeski gravitational waves in an arbitrary background
spacetime and scalar field. We restrict to the class of theories in which
gravitational waves propagate at light speed, and work in the geometric-optics
regime. We find that kinetic braiding only produces a nonphysical longitudinal
mode, whereas conformal coupling affects the amplitude of the standard
transverse modes but not their polarization. We confirm that any observable
deviation from general relativity depends on the local value of the effective
Planck mass at emission and reception of the wave. This result is interpreted
as the conservation of the number of gravitons.


  The three different sets of Bethe ansatz equations describing the Bethe
ansatz solution of the supersymmetric t-J model are known to be equivalent.
Here we give a new, simplified proof of this fact which relies on the
properties of certain polynomials. We also show that the corresponding transfer
matrix eigenvalues agree.


  In this article we study control problems with systems that are governed by
ordinary differential equations whose vector fields depend linearly in the time
derivatives of some components of the control. The remaining components are
considered as classical controls. This kind of system is called `impulsive
system'. We assume that the vector fields multiplying the derivatives of each
component of the control are commutative. We derive new necessary conditions in
terms of the adjoint state and the Lie brackets of the data functions.


  SpectralNet is a graph clustering method that uses neural network to find an
embedding that separates the data. So far it was only used with $k$-nn graphs,
which are usually constructed using a distance metric (e.g., Euclidean
distance). $k$-nn graphs restrict the points to have a fixed number of
neighbors regardless of the local statistics around them. We proposed a new
SpectralNet similarity metric based on random projection trees (rpTrees). Our
experiments revealed that SpectralNet produces better clustering accuracy using
rpTree similarity metric compared to $k$-nn graph with a distance metric. Also,
we found out that rpTree parameters do not affect the clustering accuracy.
These parameters include the leaf size and the selection of projection
direction. It is computationally efficient to keep the leaf size in order of
$\log(n)$, and project the points onto a random direction instead of trying to
find the direction with the maximum dispersion.


  Spin-based terahertz (THz) emitters, utilizing the inverse spin Hall effect,
are ultra-modern sources for the generation of THz electromagnetic radiation.
To make a powerful emitter having large THz amplitude and bandwidth,
fundamental understanding in terms of microscopic models is essential. This
study reveals important factors to engineer the THz emission amplitude and
bandwidth in epitaxial Pt/Fe emitters grown on MgO and MgAl$_2$O$_4$ (MAO)
substrates, where the choice of the substrate plays an important role. The THz
amplitude and bandwidth are affected by the induced strain in the Fe spin
source layer. On the one hand, the THz electric field amplitude is found to be
larger when Pt/Fe is grown on MgO even though the crystalline quality of the Fe
film is superior when grown on MAO. This is because of the larger defect
density, smaller electron relaxation time, and lower electrical conductivity in
the THz regime when Fe is grown on MgO. On the other hand, the bandwidth is
found to be larger for Pt/Fe grown on MAO and is explained by the
uncoupled/coupled Lorentz oscillator models. This study provides an insightful
pathway to further engineer metallic spintronic THz emitters in terms of the
proper choice of substrate and microscopic properties of the emitter layers.


  Future direct imaging missions will primarily observe planets that have been
previously detected, mostly via the radial velocity (RV) technique, to
characterize planetary atmospheres. In the meantime, direct imaging may
discover new planets within existing planetary systems that have bright enough
reflected flux, yet with insufficient signals for other methods to detect.
Here, we investigate the parameter space within which planets are unlikely to
be detected by RV in the near future due to precision limitations, but could be
discovered through reflected light with future direct imaging missions. We use
the HD 134987 system as a working example, combine RV and direct imaging
detection limit curves in the same parameter space through various assumptions,
and insert a fictitious planet into the system while ensuring it lies between
the RV and imaging detection limits. Planet validity tested through dynamical
simulations and retrieval tests revealed that the planet could indeed be
detected by imaging while remaining hidden from RV surveys. Direct imaging
retrieval was carried out using starshade simulations for two mission concepts:
the Starshade Rendezvous Probe that could be coupled with the Nancy Grace Roman
Space Telescope, and the Habitable Exoplanet Observatory. This method is
applicable to any other systems and high contrast direct imaging instruments,
and could help inform future imaging observations and data analysis on the
discovery of new exoplanets.


  We show that the presence of negative eigenvalues in the spectrum of the
angular component of an electromagnetic Schr\"odinger hamiltonian $H$
generically produces a lack of the classical time-decay for the associated
Schr\"odinger flow $e^{-itH}$. This is in contrast with the fact that
dispersive estimates (Strichartz) still hold, in general, also in this case. We
also observe an improvement of the decay for higher positive modes, showing
that the time decay of the solution is due to the first nonzero term in the
expansion of the initial datum as a series of eigenfunctions of a quantum
harmonic oscillator with a singular potential. A completely analogous
phenomenon is shown for the heat semigroup, as expected.


  Neural architecture search (NAS) has dramatically advanced the development of
neural network design. We revisit the search space design in most previous NAS
methods and find the number and widths of blocks are set manually. However,
block counts and block widths determine the network scale (depth and width) and
make a great influence on both the accuracy and the model cost (FLOPs/latency).
In this paper, we propose to search block counts and block widths by designing
a densely connected search space, i.e., DenseNAS. The new search space is
represented as a dense super network, which is built upon our designed routing
blocks. In the super network, routing blocks are densely connected and we
search for the best path between them to derive the final architecture. We
further propose a chained cost estimation algorithm to approximate the model
cost during the search. Both the accuracy and model cost are optimized in
DenseNAS. For experiments on the MobileNetV2-based search space, DenseNAS
achieves 75.3% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet with only 361MB FLOPs and 17.9ms
latency on a single TITAN-XP. The larger model searched by DenseNAS achieves
76.1% accuracy with only 479M FLOPs. DenseNAS further promotes the ImageNet
classification accuracies of ResNet-18, -34 and -50-B by 1.5%, 0.5% and 0.3%
with 200M, 600M and 680M FLOPs reduction respectively. The related code is
available at https://github.com/JaminFong/DenseNAS.


  The development of the A64FX processor by Fujitsu has created a massive
innovation in High-Performance Computing and the birth of Fugaku: the current
world's fastest supercomputer. A variety of tools are used to analyze the
run-times and performances of several applications, and in particular, how
these applications scale on the A64FX processor. We examine the performance and
behavior of applications through OpenMP scaling and how their performance
differs across different compilers on the new Ookami cluster at Stony Brook
University as well as the Fugaku supercomputer at RIKEN in Japan.


  Using known mode properties, the functional determinant for massless
spin-half fields on the Euclidean 4-ball is calculated and shown to be
different for spectral (nonlocal) and mixed (local) boundary conditions. The
local result agrees with that from a conformal argument. Some higher-spin
results are also given.


  Could there be a quantum superposition of consciousness, as in the Wigner's
friend thought experiment? The integrated information theory (IIT) of
consciousness has turned this into a well-defined question. According to IIT,
consciousness is a measurable physical quantity given by integrated information
($\Phi$), such that the amount of consciousness in a system corresponds to its
amount of $\Phi$. We use the most recent IIT formalism (IIT4.0) to analyze the
simplest non-zero $\Phi$ system known as a feedback dyad. We then propose a
circuit that puts the dyad into a superposition of states which, according to
IIT, would correspond to a superposition of conscious states. We refer to this
as "Schr\"odinger's dyad". We therefore show that either IIT is false or the
simple dyad is conscious and can easily be put into a superposition of
conscious states. We then identify the simplest possible consciousness-collapse
model, which predicts that this superposition is unstable and collapses at a
rate determined by a measure of difference between the superposed conscious
states. Our analysis will enable us to make a number of key observations about
the general structure of integrated information theory (IIT2.0, IIT3.0, IIT4.0,
and QIIT) and the general structure of consciousness-collapse models.


  [Abridged] We evaluate the coorbital corotation torque on a migrating
protoplanet. The coorbital torque is assumed to come from orbit crossing fluid
elements which exchange angular momentum with the planet when they execute a
U-turn at the end of horseshoe streamlines. When the planet migrates inward,
the fluid elements of the inner disk undergo one such exchange as they pass to
the outer disk. The angular momentum they gain is removed from the planet, and
this corresponds to a negative contribution to the corotation torque, which
scales with the drift rate. In addition, the material trapped in the coorbital
region drifts radially with the planet giving a positive contribution to the
corotation torque, which also scales with the drift rate. These two
contributions do not cancel out if the coorbital region is depleted, in which
case there is a net corotation torque which scales with the drift rate and the
mass deficit in the coorbital region, and which has same sign as the drift
rate. This leads to a positive feedback on the migrating planet. In particular,
if the coorbital mass deficit is larger than the planet mass, the migration
rate undergoes a runaway which can vary the protoplanet semi-major axis by 50%
over a few tens of orbits. This can happen only if the planet mass is
sufficient to create a dip or gap in its surrounding region, and if the
surrounding disk mass is larger than the planet mass. This typically
corresponds to planet masses in the sub-Saturnian to Jovian mass range embedded
in massive protoplanetary disks. Runaway migration is a good candidate to
account for the orbital characteristics of close orbiting giant planets, most
of which have sub-Jovian masses. Further, we show that in the runaway regime,
migration can be directed outwards.


  Aims: We investigate the behaviour of dust in protoplanetary disks under the
action of gas drag in the presence of a planet. Our goal is twofold: to
determine the spatial distribution of dust depending on grain size and planet
mass, and therefore to provide a framework for interpretation of coming
observations and future studies of planetesimal growth. Method: We numerically
model the evolution of dust in a protoplanetary disk using a two-fluid (gas +
dust) Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code, which is non-self-gravitating
and locally isothermal. The code follows the three dimensional distribution of
dust in a protoplanetary disk as it interacts with the gas via aerodynamic
drag. In this work, we present the evolution of a minimum mass solar nebula
(MMSN) disk comprising 1% dust by mass in the presence of an embedded planet.
We run a series of simulations which vary the grain size and planetary mass to
see how they affect the resulting disk structure. Results: We find that gap
formation is much more rapid and striking in the dust layer than in the gaseous
disk and that a system with a given stellar, disk and planetary mass will have
a completely different appearance depending on the grain size. For low mass
planets in our MMSN disk, a gap can open in the dust disk while not in the gas
disk. We also note that dust accumulates at the external edge of the planetary
gap and speculate that the presence of a planet in the disk may enhance the
formation of a second planet by facilitating the growth of planetesimals in
this high density region.


  A matrix $M: A \times X \rightarrow \{-1,1\}$ corresponds to the following
learning problem: An unknown element $x \in X$ is chosen uniformly at random. A
learner tries to learn $x$ from a stream of samples, $(a_1, b_1), (a_2, b_2)
\ldots$, where for every $i$, $a_i \in A$ is chosen uniformly at random and
$b_i = M(a_i,x)$.
  Assume that $k,\ell, r$ are such that any submatrix of $M$ of at least
$2^{-k} \cdot |A|$ rows and at least $2^{-\ell} \cdot |X|$ columns, has a bias
of at most $2^{-r}$. We show that any learning algorithm for the learning
problem corresponding to $M$ requires either a memory of size at least
$\Omega\left(k \cdot \ell \right)$, or at least $2^{\Omega(r)}$ samples. The
result holds even if the learner has an exponentially small success probability
(of $2^{-\Omega(r)}$).
  In particular, this shows that for a large class of learning problems, any
learning algorithm requires either a memory of size at least $\Omega\left((\log
|X|) \cdot (\log |A|)\right)$ or an exponential number of samples, achieving a
tight $\Omega\left((\log |X|) \cdot (\log |A|)\right)$ lower bound on the size
of the memory, rather than a bound of $\Omega\left(\min\left\{(\log
|X|)^2,(\log |A|)^2\right\}\right)$ obtained in previous works [R17,MM17b].
  Moreover, our result implies all previous memory-samples lower bounds, as
well as a number of new applications.
  Our proof builds on [R17] that gave a general technique for proving
memory-samples lower bounds.


  The intriguing phenomenon of many-body localization (MBL) has attracted
significant interest recently, but a complete characterization is still
lacking. In this work, we introduce the total correlations, a concept from
quantum information theory capturing multi-partite correlations, to the study
of this phenomenon. We demonstrate that the total correlations of the diagonal
ensemble provides a meaningful diagnostic tool to pin-down, probe, and better
understand the MBL transition and ergodicity breaking in quantum systems. In
particular, we show that the total correlations has sub-linear dependence on
the system size in delocalized, ergodic phases, whereas we find that it scales
extensively in the localized phase developing a pronounced peak at the
transition. We exemplify the power of our approach by means of an exact
diagonalization study of a Heisenberg spin chain in a disordered field.


  Let E and E' be two elliptic curves over a number field. We prove that the
reductions of E and E' at a finite place p are geometrically isogenous for
infinitely many p, and draw consequences for the existence of supersingular
primes. This result is an analogue for distributions of Frobenius traces of
known results on the density of Noether-Lefschetz loci in Hodge theory. The
proof relies on dynamical properties of the Hecke correspondences on the
modular curve.


  In this talk relativistic corrections due to Geroch-Hansen multipoles for
perihelion precession and node line precession of orbits in a stationary
axially symmetric vacuum spacetime endowed with a plane of symmetry will be
shown. Patterns of regularity will be discussed.


  In this paper we analyze a nonlinear parabolic equation characterized by a
singular diffusion term describing very fast diffusion effects. The equation is
settled in a smooth bounded three-dimensional domain and complemented with a
general boundary condition of dynamic type. This type of condition prescribes
some kind of mass conservation; hence extinction effects are not expected for
solutions that emanate from strictly positive initial data. Our main results
regard existence of weak solutions, instantaneous regularization properties,
long-time behavior, and, under special conditions, uniqueness.


  For every genus $g$, we prove that $S^2 \times R$ contains complete, properly
embedded, genus-$g$ minimal surfaces whose two ends are asymptotic to helicoids
of any prescribed pitch. We also show that as the radius of the $S^2$ tends to
infinity, these examples converge smoothly to complete, properly embedded
minimal surfaces in $R^3$ that are helicoidal at infinity. We prove that
helicoidal surfaces in $R^3$ of every prescribed genus occur as such limits of
examples in $S^2\times R$.


  We present a theoretical investigation on periods and amplitudes of RR Lyrae
pulsators by adopting stellar parameters which cover the range of theoretical
evolutionary expectations. Extensive grids of nonlinear, nonlocal and
time-dependent convective RR Lyrae envelope models have been computed to
investigate the pulsational behavior in both fundamental and first overtone
modes at selected luminosity levels and over an effective temperature range
which covers the whole instability region. Blue and red boundaries for
pulsational instability into the HR diagram are presented for three different
mass values M=0.75, 0.65 and 0.58 solar masses, together with an atlas of full
amplitude theoretical light curves for both fundamental and first overtone
pulsators. Theoretical periods have been combined with theoretical amplitudes
in order to predict the location of the pulsators in the amplitude-period
diagram. Comparison with observational data brings to light what we regard as a
clear indication that the region where both fundamental and first overtone show
a stable limit cycle, is populated by fundamental or first overtone pulsators
in Oosterhoff I and Oosterhoff II clusters respectively. Some evident
mismatches between theory and observation have also been found, and they are
presented and discussed.


  Learning from Demonstration is increasingly used for transferring operator
manipulation skills to robots. In practice, it is important to cater for
limited data and imperfect human demonstrations, as well as underlying safety
constraints. This paper presents a constrained-space optimization and
reinforcement learning scheme for managing complex tasks. Through interactions
within the constrained space, the reinforcement learning agent is trained to
optimize the manipulation skills according to a defined reward function. After
learning, the optimal policy is derived from the well-trained reinforcement
learning agent, which is then implemented to guide the robot to conduct tasks
that are similar to the experts' demonstrations. The effectiveness of the
proposed method is verified with a robotic suturing task, demonstrating that
the learned policy outperformed the experts' demonstrations in terms of the
smoothness of the joint motion and end-effector trajectories, as well as the
overall task completion time.


  Laser-Arc evaporation of a graphite target has been used to deposit carbon
films that exhibit high hardness (45 GPa) and elastic recovery (85%). High
Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
(EELS) were subsequently used to study the microstructure and bonding of the
resultant layers. The structure of the films from HREM is seen to consist of a
dense array of parallel curved graphene sheet segments packed in various
orientations. EELS reveals that the films are comprised of mainly sp2 bonded
carbon. The results suggest that a new form of carbon thin film with
fullerene-like structure can be realised. In order to explain how a
predominantly sp2 bonded material can exhibit such a high hardness, a simple
model is proposed to correlate the excellent mechanical properties with the
observed structure.


  The planets within compact multi-planet systems tend to have similar sizes,
masses, and orbital period ratios, like "peas in a pod". This pattern was
detected when considering planets with radii between 1 and 4 $R_\oplus$.
However, these same planets show a bimodal radius distribution, with few
planets between 1.5 and 2 $R_{\oplus}$. The smaller "super-Earths" are
consistent with being stripped rocky cores, while the larger "sub-Neptunes"
likely have gaseous H/He envelopes. Given these distinct structures, it is
worthwhile to test for intra-system uniformity separately within each category
of planets. Here, we find that the tendency for intra-system uniformity is
twice as strong when considering planets within the same size category than it
is when combining all planets together. The sub-Neptunes tend to be
$1.7^{+0.6}_{-0.3}$ times larger than the super-Earths in the same system,
corresponding to an envelope mass fraction of about 2.6% for a $5\,M_{\oplus}$
planet. For the sub-Neptunes, the low-metallicity stars are found to have
planets with more equal sizes, with modest statistical significance ($p\sim
0.005$). There is also a modest $(\sim$2-$\sigma)$ tendency for wider-orbiting
planets to be larger, even within the same size category.


  Designing incentives for an adapting population is a ubiquitous problem in a
wide array of economic applications and beyond. In this work, we study how to
design additional rewards to steer multi-agent systems towards desired policies
\emph{without} prior knowledge of the agents' underlying learning dynamics. We
introduce a model-based non-episodic Reinforcement Learning (RL) formulation
for our steering problem. Importantly, we focus on learning a
\emph{history-dependent} steering strategy to handle the inherent model
uncertainty about the agents' learning dynamics. We introduce a novel objective
function to encode the desiderata of achieving a good steering outcome with
reasonable cost. Theoretically, we identify conditions for the existence of
steering strategies to guide agents to the desired policies. Complementing our
theoretical contributions, we provide empirical algorithms to approximately
solve our objective, which effectively tackles the challenge in learning
history-dependent strategies. We demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithms
through empirical evaluations.


  We have created a variety of composite quasar spectra using a homogeneous
data set of over 2200 spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The
quasar sample spans a redshift range of 0.044 <= z <= 4.789, and an absolute r'
magnitude range of -18.0 to -26.5. The median composite covers a rest
wavelength range from 800 - 8555A, and reaches a peak signal-to-noise ratio of
over 300 per 1A resolution element in the rest frame. We have identified over
80 emission line features in the spectrum. Emission line peak velocity shifts
of the broad permitted and semi-forbidden lines are strongly correlated with
ionization energy, as previously suggested, but we find that the narrow
forbidden lines are also shifted by amounts which are strongly correlated with
ionization energy. The magnitude of the forbidden line shifts is < 100 km/s,
compared to shifts of up to 550 km/s for some of the permitted and
semi-forbidden lines. At wavelengths longer than the Ly-a emission, the
continuum of the geometric mean composite is well-fit by two power-laws, with a
break at approximately 5000A. The frequency power law index, alpha_nu, is -0.44
from 1300 - 5000A, and -2.45 redward of about 5000A. The abrupt change in slope
can be accounted for partly by host galaxy contamination at low redshift.
Stellar absorption lines, including higher-order Balmer lines, seen in the
composites suggest that young or intermediate age stars make a significant
contribution to the light of the host galaxies. An electronic table of the
median quasar template is available.


  Ion-mediated interaction is critical to the structure and stability of
nucleic acids. Recent experiments suggest that the multivalent ion-induced
aggregation of double-stranded (ds) RNAs and DNAs may strongly depend on the
topological nature of helices, while there is still lack of an understanding on
the relevant ion-mediated interactions at atomistic level. In this work, we
have directly calculated the potentials of mean force (PMF) between two dsRNAs
and between two dsDNAs in Cobalt Hexammine ion (Co-Hex) solutions by the
atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Our calculations show that at low
[Co-Hex], the PMFs between B-DNAs and between A-RNAs are both (strongly)
repulsive.However, at high [Co-Hex], the PMF between B-DNAs is strongly
attractive, while those between A-RNAs and between A-DNAs are still (weakly)
repulsive. The microscopic analyses show that for A-form helices, Co-Hex would
become internal binding into the deep major groove and consequently cannot form
the evident ion-bridge between adjacent helices, while for B-form helices
without deep grooves, Co-Hex would exhibit external binding to strongly bridge
adjacent helices. In addition, our further calculations show that, the PMF
between A-RNAs could become strongly attractive either at very high [Co-Hex] or
when the bottom of deep major groove is fixed with a layer of water.


  The paper presents a simple probabilistic analysis of the energy consumption
in preamble sampling MAC protocols. We validate the analytical results with
simulations. We compare the classical MAC protocols (B-MAC and X-MAC) with
LAMAC, a method proposed in a companion paper. Our analysis highlights the
energy savings achievable with LA-MAC with respect to B-MAC and X-MAC. It also
shows that LA-MAC provides the best performance in the considered case of high
density networks under traffic congestion.


  We introduce a new class of quasi-linear parabolic equations involving
nonhomogeneous degeneracy or/and singularity $$ \partial_t u=[|D u|^q+a(x,t)|D
u|^s]\left(\Delta u+(p-2)\left\langle D^2 u\frac{D u}{|D u|},\frac{D u}{|D
u|}\right\rangle\right), $$ where $1<p<\infty$, $-1<q\leq s<\infty$ and
$a(x,t)\ge 0$. The motivation to investigate this model stems not only from the
connections to tug-of-war like stochastic games with noise, but also from the
non-standard growth problems of double phase type. According to different
values of $q,s$, such equations include nonhomogeneous degeneracy or
singularity, and may involve these two features simultaneously. In particular,
when $q=p-2$ and $q<s$, it will encompass the parabolic $p$-Laplacian both in
divergence form and in non-divergence form. We aim to explore the from
$L^\infty$ to $C^{1,\alpha}$ regularity theory for the aforementioned problem.
To be precise, under some proper assumptions, we use geometrical methods to
establish the local H\"{o}lder regularity of spatial gradients of viscosity
solutions.


  In order to study photomultiplier's short-term gain stability at high
counting rate, we constructed an LED pulsed light source and its output monitor
system. For the monitor system, we employed a photon counting method using a
photomultiplier as a monitor photon detector. It is found that the method
offers a simple way to monitor outputs from a pulsed light source and that,
together with an LED light source, it provides a handy way to investigate
photomultiplier's rate effects.


  We study the impact of stellar winds and supernovae on the multi-phase
interstellar medium using three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations carried
out with FLASH. The selected galactic disc region has a size of (500 pc)$^2$ x
$\pm$ 5 kpc and a gas surface density of 10 M$_{\odot}$/pc$^2$. The simulations
include an external stellar potential and gas self-gravity, radiative cooling
and diffuse heating, sink particles representing star clusters, stellar winds
from these clusters which combine the winds from indi- vidual massive stars by
following their evolution tracks, and subsequent supernova explosions. Dust and
gas (self-)shielding is followed to compute the chemical state of the gas with
a chemical network. We find that stellar winds can regulate star (cluster)
formation. Since the winds suppress the accretion of fresh gas soon after the
cluster has formed, they lead to clusters which have lower average masses
(10$^2$ - 10$^{4.3}$ M$_{\odot}$) and form on shorter timescales (10$^{-3}$ -
10 Myr). In particular we find an anti-correlation of cluster mass and
accretion time scale. Without winds the star clusters easily grow to larger
masses for ~5 Myr until the first supernova explodes. Overall the most massive
stars provide the most wind energy input, while objects beginning their
evolution as B-type stars contribute most of the supernova energy input. A
significant outflow from the disk (mass loading $\gtrsim$ 1 at 1 kpc) can be
launched by thermal gas pressure if more than 50% of the volume near the disc
mid-plane can be heated to T > 3x10$^5$ K. Stellar winds alone cannot create a
hot volume-filling phase. The models which are in best agreement with observed
star formation rates drive either no outflows or weak outflows.


  Intrinsically coupled nonlinear systems present different oscillating
components that exchange energy among themselves. A paradigmatic example is the
spring pendulum, which displays spring, pendulum, and coupled oscillations. We
analyze the energy exchanges among the oscillations, and obtain that it is
enhanced for chaotic orbits. Moreover, the highest rates of energy exchange for
the coupling occur along the homoclinic tangle of the primary hyperbolic point
embedded in a chaotic sea. The results show a clear relation between internal
energy exchanges and the dynamics of a coupled system.


The completeness of Gaussians in a Hilbert functional space is established


  A particularly interesting instance of supervised learning with kernels is
when each training example is associated with two objects, as in pairwise
classification (Brunner et al., 2012), and in supervised learning of preference
relations (Herbrich et al., 1998). In these cases, one may want to embed
additional prior knowledge into the optimization problem associated with the
training of the learning machine, modeled, respectively, by the symmetry of its
optimal solution with respect to an exchange of order between the two objects,
and by its antisymmetry. Extending the approach proposed in (Brunner et al.,
2012) (where the only symmetric case was considered), we show, focusing on
support vector binary classification, how such embedding is possible through
the choice of a suitable pairwise kernel, which takes as inputs the individual
feature vectors and also the group feature vectors associated with the two
objects. We also prove that the symmetry/antisymmetry constraints still hold
when considering the sequence of suboptimal solutions generated by one version
of the Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) algorithm, and we present
numerical results supporting the theoretical findings. We conclude discussing
extensions of the main results to support vector regression, to transductive
support vector machines, and to several kinds of graph kernels, including
diffusion kernels.


  An experiment utilizing a TlF molecular beam is being developed by the
CeNTREX collaboration to search for hadronic interactions that violate both
time-reversal (T) and parity (P) invariance. Here we propose to use the same
beam to look for a T-invariance conserving but P-nonconserving (PNC) effect
induced by the anapole moment of the Tl nucleus, via a vector coupling of the
two nuclear spins in TlF. To measure the nuclear anapole moment, the dc
electric and magnetic fields in CeNTREX are replaced by rf fields resonant with
a nuclear spin flip transition. We adapt the relativistic coupled cluster
method in a combination with relativistic density functional theory for the
calculation of the molecular PNC spin-spin vector coupling constant that links
the experimental signal with the anapole moment. The value of the P-conserving
spin-spin coupling constant calculated within the same approach is found to be
in good agreement with available experimental data.


  Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has gained significant attention
recently as the demand for transparency and interpretability of machine
learning models has increased. In particular, XAI for time series data has
become increasingly important in finance, healthcare, and climate science.
However, evaluating the quality of explanations, such as attributions provided
by XAI techniques, remains challenging. This paper provides an in-depth
analysis of using perturbations to evaluate attributions extracted from time
series models. A perturbation analysis involves systematically modifying the
input data and evaluating the impact on the attributions generated by the XAI
method. We apply this approach to several state-of-the-art XAI techniques and
evaluate their performance on three time series classification datasets. Our
results demonstrate that the perturbation analysis approach can effectively
evaluate the quality of attributions and provide insights into the strengths
and limitations of XAI techniques. Such an approach can guide the selection of
XAI methods for time series data, e.g., focusing on return time rather than
precision, and facilitate the development of more reliable and interpretable
machine learning models for time series analysis.


  In this contribution, we design, implement and evaluate the pedagogical
benefits of a novel interactive note taking interface (iVRNote) in VR for the
purpose of learning and reflection lectures. In future VR learning
environments, students would have challenges in taking notes when they wear a
head mounted display (HMD). To solve this problem, we installed a digital
tablet on the desk and provided several tools in VR to facilitate the learning
experience. Specifically, we track the stylus position and orientation in the
physical world and then render a virtual stylus in VR. In other words, when
students see a virtual stylus somewhere on the desk, they can reach out with
their hand for the physical stylus. The information provided will also enable
them to know where they will draw or write before the stylus touches the
tablet. Since the presented iVRNote featuring our note taking system is a
digital environment, we also enable students save efforts in taking extensive
notes by providing several functions, such as post-editing and picture taking,
so that they can pay more attention to lectures in VR. We also record the time
of each stroke on the note to help students review a lecture. They can select a
part of their note to revisit the corresponding segment in a virtual online
lecture. Figures and the accompanying video demonstrate the feasibility of the
presented iVRNote system. To evaluate the system, we conducted a user study
with 20 participants to assess the preference and pedagogical benefits of the
iVRNote interface.


  We investigate the dynamics of dark-state polaritons in an atomic ensemble
with ground-state degeneracy. A signal light pulse may be stored and retrieved
from the atomic sample by adiabatic variation of the amplitude of a control
field. During the storage process, a magnetic field causes rotation of the
atomic hyperfine coherences, leading to collapses and revivals of the
dark-state polariton number. These collapses and revivals should be observable
in measurements of the retrieved signal field, as a function of storage time
and magnetic field orientation.


  In this paper, we propose a compact data structure to store labeled
attributed graphs based on the k2-tree, which is a very compact data structure
designed to represent a simple directed graph. The idea we propose can be seen
as an extension of the k2-tree to support property graphs. In addition to the
static approach, we also propose a dynamic version of the storage
representation, which allows exible schemas and insertion or deletion of data.
We provide an implementation of a basic set of operations, which can be
combined to form complex queries over these graphs with attributes. We evaluate
the performance of our proposal with existing graph database systems and prove
that our compact attributed graph representation obtains also competitive time
results.


  The Ghahramani-Lau conjecture is established; in other words, the measure
algebra of every locally compact group is strongly Arens irregular. To this
end, we introduce and study certain new classes of measures (called
approximately invariant, respectively, strongly singular) which are of interest
in their own right. Moreover, we show that the same result holds for the
measure algebra of any (not necessarily locally compact) Polish group.


  Although peer code review is widely adopted in both commercial and open
source development, existing studies suggest that such code reviews often
contain a significant amount of non-useful review comments. Unfortunately, to
date, no tools or techniques exist that can provide automatic support in
improving those non-useful comments. In this paper, we first report a
comparative study between useful and non-useful review comments where we
contrast between them using their textual characteristics, and reviewers'
experience. Then, based on the findings from the study, we develop RevHelper, a
prediction model that can help the developers improve their code review
comments through automatic prediction of their usefulness during review
submission. Comparative study using 1,116 review comments suggested that useful
comments share more vocabulary with the changed code, contain salient items
like relevant code elements, and their reviewers are generally more
experienced. Experiments using 1,482 review comments report that our model can
predict comment usefulness with 66\% prediction accuracy which is promising.
Comparison with three variants of a baseline model using a case study validates
our empirical findings and demonstrates the potential of our model.


  Modeling liquid-vapor phase change using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method
has attracted significant attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose
an improved three-dimensional (3D) thermal multiphase LB model for simulating
liquid-vapor phase change. The proposed model has the following features.
First, it is still within the framework of the thermal LB method using a
temperature distribution function and therefore retains the fundamental
advantages of the thermal LB method. Second, in the existing thermal LB models
for liquid-vapor phase change, the finite-difference computations of the
gradient terms $\nabla \cdot u$ and $\nabla T$ usually require special
treatment at boundary nodes, while in the proposed thermal LB model these two
terms are calculated locally. Moreover, in some of the existing thermal LB
models, the error term ${\partial _{{t_0}}}\left( {Tu} \right)$ is eliminated
by adding local correction terms to the collision process in the moment space,
which causes these thermal LB models to be limited to the D2Q9 lattice in two
dimensions and the D3Q15 or D3Q19 lattice in three dimensions. Conversely, the
proposed model does not suffer from such an error term and therefore the
thermal LB equation can be constructed on the D3Q7 lattice, which simplifies
the model and improves the computational efficiency. Numerical simulations are
carried out to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed thermal
multiphase LB model for simulating liquid-vapor phase change.


  We show that it is possible to generate photons in nonclassical states from a
metal-dielectric interface using quantum emitters on the interface. The photons
emitted into the surface plasmon mode from the initially excited emitters
radiate out in free space in a cone-shaped geometry. When detected at two
detectors, these photons exhibit anti-coalescence, a clear signature of
nonclassicality. Such a system can also be employed as a building block for a
distributed quantum network. We further show that it is indeed feasible to
implement our model using available technology.


  Next-generation cellular networks will play a key role in the evolution of
different vertical industries. Low latency will be a major requirement in many
related uses cases. This requirement is specially challenging in scenarios with
high mobility of end devices, such as vehicular communications. The
Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) paradigm seeks to satisfy it. In this article
we propose the dynamic deployment of anchor point network functions at edge
locations and the assignment of terminals to these anchor points with the joint
objective of minimizing communications latency and reducing network overhead.
We formally define the problem as a multi-objective optimization and also
propose a novel heuristic greedy algorithm for approximating the solution. This
algorithm compares favorably with baseline and state-of-the-art strategies for
latency minimization while reducing the overhead caused by network
reconfigurations.


  Irradiation effects in close binaries are crucial for a reliable
determination of system parameters and understanding the close binary
evolution. We study irradiated light originating from the low mass component of
an eclipsing system comprising a hot subdwarf primary and a low mass companion,
to precisely interpret their high precision photometric and spectroscopic data,
and accurately determine their system and surface parameters. We re-analyse the
archival VLT/UVES spectra of AA Dor system where irradiation features have
already been detected. After removing the predominant contribution of the hot
subdwarf primary, the residual spectra reveal more than 100 emission lines from
the heated side of the secondary with maximum intensity close to the phases
around secondary eclipse. We analyse 22 narrow emission lines of the irradiated
secondary, mainly of OII, with a few CII lines. Their phase profiles constrain
the emission region of the heated side to a radius $\geq$ 95% of the radius of
the secondary. The shape of their velocity profiles reveals two distinct
asymmetry features one at the quadrature and the other at the secondary
eclipse. We identify more than 70 weaker emission lines originating from HeI,
NII, SiIII, CaII and MgII. We correct the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the
center-of-light to the centre-of-mass of the secondary and calculate accurate
masses of both components. The resulting masses $M_{1}$=0.46 $\pm$
0.01$M_{\odot}$ and $M_{2}$=0.079 $\pm$ 0.002$M_{\odot}$ are in perfect
accordance with those of a canonical hot subdwarf primary and a low mass star
just at the substellar limit for the companion. We compute a first generation
atmosphere model of the irradiated low mass secondary, which matches the
observed spectrum well. We find an indication of an extended atmosphere of the
irradiated secondary star.


  We present a systematic development of inductive limits in the categories of
ordered *-vector spaces, Archimedean order unit spaces, matrix ordered spaces,
operator systems and operator C*-systems. We show that the inductive limit
intertwines the operation of passing to the maximal operator system structure
of an Archimedean order unit space, and that the same holds true for the
minimal operator system structure if the connecting maps are complete order
embeddings. We prove that the inductive limit commutes with the operation of
taking the maximal tensor product with another operator system, and establish
analogous results for injective functorial tensor products provided the
connecting maps are complete order embeddings. We identify the inductive limit
of quotient operator systems as a quotient of the inductive limit, in case the
involved kernels are completely biproximinal. We describe the inductive limit
of graph operator systems as operator systems of topological graphs, show that
two such operator systems are completely order isomorphic if and only if their
underlying graphs are isomorphic, identify the C*-envelope of such an operator
system, and prove a version of Glimm's Theorem on the isomorphism of UHF
algebras in the category of operator systems.


  A central problem in topological data analysis is that of computing the
homology of a given simplicial complex. Said complexes can have arbitrary large
number of simplices, as can happen, for example, if the space is the
Rips-Vietoris or Cech complex of a large data cloud. Thus, pre-processing the
simplicial complex to get a smaller complex with the same homology groups and
then applying the homology algorithm to the smaller one, has been an active
research topic in the last years. In this survey, we discuss some recent papers
that examine the complexity of this simplification via Discrete Morse Theory.
This survey was prepared as a final project for a course on Computational
Topology at The Ohio State University.


  Federated learning allows distributed users to collaboratively train a model
while keeping each user's data private. Recently, a growing body of work has
demonstrated that an eavesdropping attacker can effectively recover image data
from gradients transmitted during federated learning. However, little progress
has been made in recovering text data. In this paper, we present a novel attack
method FILM for federated learning of language models (LMs). For the first
time, we show the feasibility of recovering text from large batch sizes of up
to 128 sentences. Unlike image-recovery methods that are optimized to match
gradients, we take a distinct approach that first identifies a set of words
from gradients and then directly reconstructs sentences based on beam search
and a prior-based reordering strategy. We conduct the FILM attack on several
large-scale datasets and show that it can successfully reconstruct single
sentences with high fidelity for large batch sizes and even multiple sentences
if applied iteratively. We evaluate three defense methods: gradient pruning,
DPSGD, and a simple approach to freeze word embeddings that we propose. We show
that both gradient pruning and DPSGD lead to a significant drop in utility.
However, if we fine-tune a public pre-trained LM on private text without
updating word embeddings, it can effectively defend the attack with minimal
data utility loss. Together, we hope that our results can encourage the
community to rethink the privacy concerns of LM training and its standard
practices in the future.


  Recent progress on saliency detection is substantial, benefiting mostly from
the explosive development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Semantic
segmentation and saliency detection algorithms developed lately have been
mostly based on Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNs). There is still a
large room for improvement over the generic FCN models that do not explicitly
deal with the scale-space problem. Holistically-Nested Edge Detector (HED)
provides a skip-layer structure with deep supervision for edge and boundary
detection, but the performance gain of HED on salience detection is not
obvious. In this paper, we propose a new method for saliency detection by
introducing short connections to the skip-layer structures within the HED
architecture. Our framework provides rich multi-scale feature maps at each
layer, a property that is critically needed to perform segment detection. Our
method produces state-of-the-art results on 5 widely tested salient object
detection benchmarks, with advantages in terms of efficiency (0.15 seconds per
image), effectiveness, and simplicity over the existing algorithms.


  Yuan and Zhang showed in that any adelic line bundle will induce a
norm-equivariant continuous metric of the line bundle on the Berkovich space.
We will show the converse that any norm-equivariant continuous metric can be
obtained this way. As an application, we will introduce the Monge-Amp\`ere
measure on the Berkovich spaces over $ \mathbb{Z} $.


  The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury (ANGST) is a systematic survey to
establish a legacy of uniform multi-color photometry of resolved stars for a
volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies (D<4 Mpc). The survey volume
encompasses 69 galaxies in diverse environments, including close pairs, small &
large groups, filaments, and truly isolated regions. The galaxies include a
nearly complete range of morphological types spanning a factor of ~10^4 in
luminosity and star formation rate. The survey data consists of images taken
with ACS on HST, supplemented with archival data and new WFPC2 imaging taken
after the failure of ACS. Survey images include wide field tilings covering the
full radial extent of each galaxy, and single deep pointings in uncrowded
regions of the most massive galaxies in the volume. The new wide field imaging
in ANGST reaches median 50% completenesses of m_F475W=28.0 mag, m_F606W=27.3
mag, and m_F814W=27.3 mag, several magnitudes below the tip of the red giant
branch (TRGB). The deep fields reach magnitudes sufficient to fully resolve the
structure in the red clump. The resulting photometric catalogs are publicly
accessible and contain over 34 million photometric measurements of >14 million
stars. In this paper we present the details of the sample selection, imaging,
data reduction, and the resulting photometric catalogs, along with an analysis
of the photometric uncertainties (systematic and random), for both the ACS and
WFPC2 imaging. We also present uniformly derived relative distances measured
from the apparent magnitude of the TRGB.


  We explain how to use representation theory to give a lower bound on the
dimension of the quotient ring by type $B_n$ diagonal invariants that improves
upon the current known lower bound $(2n+1)^n$ by a quadratic polynomial in $n$.


  Transformer-based language models have achieved impressive success in various
natural language processing tasks due to their ability to capture complex
dependencies and contextual information using self-attention mechanisms.
However, they are not without limitations. These limitations include
hallucinations, where they produce incorrect outputs with high confidence, and
alignment issues, where they generate unhelpful and unsafe outputs for human
users. These limitations stem from the absence of implicit and missing context
in the data alone. To address this, researchers have explored augmenting these
models with external knowledge from knowledge graphs to provide the necessary
additional context. However, the ad-hoc nature of existing methods makes it
difficult to properly analyze the effects of knowledge infusion on the many
moving parts or components of a transformer. This paper introduces a systematic
method for infusing knowledge into different components of a transformer-based
model. A modular framework is proposed to identify specific components within
the transformer architecture, such as the self-attention mechanism, encoder
layers, or the input embedding layer, where knowledge infusion can be applied.
Additionally, extensive experiments are conducted on the General Language
Understanding Evaluation (GLUE) benchmark tasks, and the findings are reported.
This systematic approach aims to facilitate more principled approaches to
incorporating knowledge into language model architectures.


  We analyze the distribution of the chromoelectric field generated by a static
quark-antiquark pair in the SU(3) vacuum. We find that the transverse profile
of the flux tube resembles the dual version of the Abrikosov vortex field
distribution and give an estimate of the London penetration length in the
confined vacuum.


  Measurements of large-scale structure are interpreted using theoretical
predictions for the matter distribution, including potential impacts of
baryonic physics. We constrain the feedback strength of baryons jointly with
cosmology using weak lensing and galaxy clustering observables (3$\times$2pt)
of Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 1 data in combination with external
information from baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and Planck cosmic microwave
background polarization. Our baryon modeling is informed by a set of
hydrodynamical simulations that span a variety of baryon scenarios; we span
this space via a Principal Component (PC) analysis of the summary statistics
extracted from these simulations. We show that at the level of DES Y1
constraining power, one PC is sufficient to describe the variation of baryonic
effects in the observables, and the first PC amplitude ($Q_1$) generally
reflects the strength of baryon feedback. With the upper limit of $Q_1$ prior
being bound by the Illustris feedback scenarios, we reach $\sim 20\%$
improvement in the constraint of $S_8=\sigma_8(\Omega_{\rm
m}/0.3)^{0.5}=0.788^{+0.018}_{-0.021}$ compared to the original DES
3$\times$2pt analysis. This gain is driven by the inclusion of small-scale
cosmic shear information down to 2.5 arcmin, which was excluded in previous DES
analyses that did not model baryonic physics. We obtain
$S_8=0.781^{+0.014}_{-0.015}$ for the combined DES Y1+Planck EE+BAO analysis
with a non-informative $Q_1$ prior. In terms of the baryon constraints, we
measure $Q_1=1.14^{+2.20}_{-2.80}$ for DES Y1 only and
$Q_1=1.42^{+1.63}_{-1.48}$ for DESY1+Planck EE+BAO, allowing us to exclude one
of the most extreme AGN feedback hydrodynamical scenario at more than $2
\sigma$.


  In this report we summarize the most recent results of measurements of the
angle $\gamma/\phi_3$ of the Unitarity Triangle.


  We prove existence of radially symmetric solutions and validity of
Euler-Lagrange necessary conditions for a class of variational problems such
that neither direct methods nor indirect methods of Calculus of Variations
apply. We obtain existence and qualitative properties of the solutions by means
of ad-hoc superlinear perturbations of the functional having the same
minimizers of the original one.


  A metal-oxide film can be used as a hydrogen-isotope permeation barrier in
the fuel circulation system for nuclear fusion. We fabricated Er$_2$O$_3$ thin
film on a type 316L stainless-steel substrate by using a metal-organic chemical
vapor deposition technique for the purpose of hydrogen-isotope permeation
barrier. Electron microscopy based imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy measurements indicate a sound film quality together with X-ray
diffraction experiments. We also measured deuterium permeation in the film at
high temperatures ranging from 600 $^{\circ}$C to 800 $^{\circ}$C. The
permeation reduction was most apparent at 650 $^{\circ}$C. Above 800
$^{\circ}$C, we confirmed that the film was damaged and did not work as a
permeation barrier.


  We define a new class of $Z'$ models with neutral flavor-changing
interactions at tree level in the down-quark sector. They are related in an
exact way to elements of the quark mixing matrix due to an underlying flavored
$U(1)'$ gauge symmetry, rendering these models particularly predictive. The
same symmetry implies lepton-flavor non-universal couplings, fully determined
by the gauge structure of the model. Our models allow to address presently
observed deviations from the SM and specific correlations among the new physics
contributions to the Wilson coefficients $C_{9,10}^{(\prime) \ell}$ can be
tested in $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ transitions. We furthermore predict
lepton-universality violations in $Z'$ decays, testable at the LHC.


  By the Fourier transformations, any group-invariant functions over finite
Abelian groups are transformed into group-invariant functions over the
character groups. In this paper, we calculate matrix elements of this
transformations under specific bases. More specifically, we deal with some
vector spaces over a finite field and linear actions. Then the matrix elements
under adequate bases are expressed by Krawtchouk or Affine q-Krawtchouk
polynomials. For calculations, we construct a commutative diagram which
combines two settings of group-invariant Fourier transformations. We apply it
to different sized transformations of each example, and solve it inductively.
We remark the matrix elements are related to the zonal spherical functions of
finite Gelfand pairs.


  We investigate whether region-based representations are effective for
recognition. Regions were once a mainstay in recognition approaches, but pixel
and patch-based features are now used almost exclusively. We show that recent
class-agnostic segmenters like SAM can be effectively combined with strong
unsupervised representations like DINOv2 and used for a wide variety of tasks,
including semantic segmentation, object-based image retrieval, and multi-image
analysis. Once the masks and features are extracted, these representations,
even with linear decoders, enable competitive performance, making them well
suited to applications that require custom queries. The compactness of the
representation also makes it well-suited to video analysis and other problems
requiring inference across many images.


  The Simplified Access Metric (SAM) is a new approach for characterizing
emergency shelter access patterns as a measure of shelter client vulnerability.
The goal of SAM is to provide shelter operators with an intuitive way to
understand access patterns that can be implemented by non-technical staff using
spreadsheet operations. Client data from a large North American shelter will be
used to demonstrate that SAM produces similar results to traditional
transitional, episodic and chronic client cluster analysis. Since SAM requires
less data than cluster analysis, it is also able to generate a real time
picture of how shelter access patterns are affected by external factors.
Timelines generated from nine years of shelter client data using SAM
demonstrate the impact of Housing First programming and the COVID-19 lockdown
on how people access shelter. Finally, SAM allows shelter staff to move beyond
assigning transitional, episodic and chronic labels and instead use the "soft"
output of SAM directly as a measure of vulnerability.


  Radio continuum observations using the Australia telescope compact array at
5.5, 9.0, 17.0 and 22.8 GHz have detected free-free emission associated with 45
of 49 massive young stellar objects and HII regions. Of these, 26 sources are
classified as ionized jets (12 of which are candidates), 2 as ambiguous jets or
disc winds, 1 as a disc-wind, 14 as HII regions and 2 were unable to be
categorised. Classification as ionized jets is based upon morphology, radio
flux and spectral index, in conjunction with previous observational results at
other wavelengths. Radio-luminosity and momentum are found to scale with
bolometric luminosity in the same way as low-mass jets, indicating a common
mechanism for jet production across all masses. In 13 of the jets, we see
associated non-thermal/optically-thin lobes resulting from shocks either
internal to the jet and/or at working surfaces. Ten jets display non-thermal
(synchrotron emission) spectra in their lobes, with an average spectral index
of -0.55 consistent with Fermi acceleration in shocks. This shows that magnetic
fields are present, in agreement with models of jet formation incorporating
magnetic fields. Since the production of collimated radio jets is associated
with accretion processes, the results presented in this paper support the
picture of disc-mediated accretion for the formation of massive stars with an
upper-limit on the jet phase lasting approximately $6.5 \times 10^4 yr$.
Typical mass loss rates in the jet are found to be $1.4 \times 10^{-5} M_\odot
yr^{-1}$ with associated momentum rates of the order $(1-2) \times 10^{-2}
M_\odot km s^{-1} yr^{-1}$.


  The aim of this paper is to show that within the open-system framework the
sum-over-modes approach \'a la Casimir leads to the Lifshitz formula for the
Casimir free energy. A general result applicable to arbitrary geometries is
obtained through the use of Ford, Lewis, & O'Connell's remarkable formula.
Additionally, we address the possibility for obtaining the Casimir energy as a
sum over complex "modes". We show in this case that the standard sum-over-modes
formula must be suitably generalized to avert unphysical complex energies.
Finally, we apply our results to several standard examples.


  The Firefighter problem is to place firefighters on the vertices of a graph
to prevent a fire with known starting point from lighting up the entire graph.
In each time step, a firefighter may be permanently placed on an unburned
vertex and the fire spreads to its neighborhood in the graph in so far no
firefighters are protecting those vertices. The goal is to let as few vertices
burn as possible. This problem is known to be NP-complete, even when restricted
to bipartite graphs or to trees of maximum degree three. Initial study showed
the Firefighter problem to be fixed-parameter tractable on trees in various
parameterizations. We complete these results by showing that the problem is in
FPT on general graphs when parameterized by the number of burned vertices, but
has no polynomial kernel on trees, resolving an open problem. Conversely, we
show that the problem is W[1]-hard when parameterized by the number of unburned
vertices, even on bipartite graphs. For both parameterizations, we additionally
give refined algorithms on trees, improving on the running times of the known
algorithms.


  We show that if we color the hyperedges of the complete $3$-uniform complete
graph on $2n+\sqrt{18n+1}+2$ vertices with $n$ colors, then one of the color
classes contains a loose path of length three.


  Lymphoid leukemia (LL) and lymphoma are neoplasms developed from lymphoid
cells (LCs). To understand why different forms of LL/lymphoma occur at
different ages, we analyzed the effects of different types of DNA changes on a
LC and the cellular characteristics of LCs. Point DNA mutations (PDMs) and
chromosome changes (CCs) are the two major types of DNA changes. CCs have three
subtypes by their effects on a LC: great-effect CCs (GECCs), mild-effect CCs
(MECCs), and intermediate-effect CCs (IECCs). PDMs and MECCs are mostly mild
thus can accumulate in cells. Some of the PDMs/MECCs contribute to cell
transformation. A GECC affects one or more genes and can alone drive cell
transformation. An IECC affects one or more genes and participates in cell
transformation. Due to cellular characteristics, a LC may have higher
survivability from DNA changes and require obtaining fewer cancerous properties
for transformation than a tissue cell. Hence, a LC can be more rapidly
transformed by a CC. On this basis, we hypothesize that a LC may have three
pathways on transformation: a slow, a rapid, and an accelerated. Slow pathway
is driven by accumulation of PDMs/MECCs. Rapid pathway is driven by a GECC in
"one step". Accelerated pathway is driven by accumulation of
PDMs/MECCs/IECC(s). Cell transformations of a LC via different pathways occur
at different ages. A transformation via slow pathway occurs mainly in adults. A
transformation via rapid pathway occurs at any age and has no increasing
incidence with age. A transformation via accelerated pathway occurs also at any
age but has increasing incidence with age. In conclusion, a LC may have three
pathways on cell transformation, and the occurring age of LL/lymphoma may be
determined by the transforming pathway of a LC.


  We propose a Few-shot Learning pipeline for 3D skeleton-based action
recognition by Joint tEmporal and cAmera viewpoiNt alIgnmEnt (JEANIE). To
factor out misalignment between query and support sequences of 3D body joints,
we propose an advanced variant of Dynamic Time Warping which jointly models
each smooth path between the query and support frames to achieve simultaneously
the best alignment in the temporal and simulated camera viewpoint spaces for
end-to-end learning under the limited few-shot training data. Sequences are
encoded with a temporal block encoder based on Simple Spectral Graph
Convolution, a lightweight linear Graph Neural Network backbone. We also
include a setting with a transformer. Finally, we propose a similarity-based
loss which encourages the alignment of sequences of the same class while
preventing the alignment of unrelated sequences. We show state-of-the-art
results on NTU-60, NTU-120, Kinetics-skeleton and UWA3D Multiview Activity II.


  In 1966 Gallai asked whether all longest paths in a connected graph have
nonempty intersection. This is not true in general and various counterexamples
have been found. However, the answer to Gallai's question is positive for
several well-known classes of graphs, as for instance connected outerplanar
graphs, connected split graphs, and 2-trees. A graph is series-parallel if it
does not contain $K_4$ as a minor. Series-parallel graphs are also known as
partial 2-trees, which are arbitrary subgraphs of 2-trees. We present a proof
that every connected series-parallel graph has a vertex that is common to all
of its longest paths. Since 2-trees are maximal series-parallel graphs, and
outerplanar graphs are also series-parallel, our result captures these two
classes in one proof and strengthens them to a larger class of graphs. We also
describe how this vertex can be found in linear time.


  Section 235 of Gauss' fundamental treatise "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae"
establishes basic properties that compositions of binary quadratic forms must
satisfy. Although this section is very technical, it contains truly important
results. We review section 235 using a more invariant language and simplifying
the arguments. We also make the statements slightly stronger by removing
unnecessary assumptions.


  We show that in see-saw models with small or even vanishing lepton mixing
angle $\theta_{12}$, maximal $\theta_{23}$, zero $\theta_{13}$ and zero CP
phases at the GUT scale, the currently favored LMA solution of the solar
neutrino problem can be obtained in a rather natural way by Renormalization
Group effects. We find that most of the running takes place in the energy
ranges above and between the see-saw scales, unless the charged lepton Yukawa
couplings are large, which would correspond to a large $\tan \beta$ in the
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The Renormalization Group
evolution of the solar mixing angle $\theta_{12}$ is generically larger than
the evolution of $\theta_{13}$ and $\theta_{23}$. A large enhancement occurs
for an inverted mass hierarchy and for a regular mass hierarchy with $|m_2 -
m_1| \ll |m_2 + m_1|$. We present numerical examples of the evolution of the
lepton mixing angles in the Standard Model and the MSSM, in which the current
best-fit values of the LMA mixing angles are produced with vanishing solar
mixing angle $\theta_{12}$ at the GUT scale.


  This paper describes recent developments in Heavy Flavour physics at LEP,
focusing on a new result from the ALEPH Collaboration on the search for flavour
oscillations of the Bs meson. The impact of this analysis on the world
combination and the resulting limit on the Bs oscillation frequency are
discussed.


  Poly(ethylene imine) functionalized carbon nanotube thin films, prepared
using the vacuum filtration method, were decorated with Au nanoparticles by in
situ reduction of HAuCl4 under mild conditions. These Au nanoparticles were
subsequently employed for the growth of GaAs nanowires (NWs) by the
vapor-liquid-solid process in a gas source molecular beam epitaxy system. The
process resulted in the dense growth of GaAs NWs across the entire surface of
the single-walled nanotube (SWNT) films. The NWs, which were orientated in a
variety of angles with respect to the SWNT films, ranged in diameter between 20
to 200 nm, with heights up to 2.5 um. Transmission electron microscopy analysis
of the NW-SWNT interface indicated that NW growth was initiated upon the
surface of the nanotube composite films. Photoluminescence characterization of
a single NW specimen showed high optical quality. Rectifying asymmetric
current-voltage behavior was observed from contacted NW ensembles and
attributed to the core-shell pn-junction within the NWs. Potential applications
of such novel hybrid architectures include flexible solar cells, displays, and
sensors.


  Image analysis in the field of digital pathology has recently gained
increased popularity. The use of high-quality whole slide scanners enables the
fast acquisition of large amounts of image data, showing extensive context and
microscopic detail at the same time. Simultaneously, novel machine learning
algorithms have boosted the performance of image analysis approaches. In this
paper, we focus on a particularly powerful class of architectures, called
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), applied to histological image data.
Besides improving performance, GANs also enable application scenarios in this
field, which were previously intractable. However, GANs could exhibit a
potential for introducing bias. Hereby, we summarize the recent
state-of-the-art developments in a generalizing notation, present the main
applications of GANs and give an outlook of some chosen promising approaches
and their possible future applications. In addition, we identify currently
unavailable methods with potential for future applications.


  We prove that finite Morse index solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation in
$\R^2$ have {\bf finitely many ends} and {\bf linear energy growth}. The main
tool is a {\bf curvature decay estimate} on level sets of these finite Morse
index solutions, which in turn is reduced to a problem on the uniform second
order regularity of clustering interfaces for the singularly perturbed
Allen-Cahn equation in $\R^n$. Using an indirect blow-up technique, in the
spirit of the classical Colding-Minicozzi theory in minimal surfaces, we show
that the {\bf obstruction} to the uniform second order regularity of clustering
interfaces in $\R^n$ is associated to the existence of nontrivial entire
solutions to a (finite or infinite) {\bf Toda system} in $\R^{n-1}$. For finite
Morse index solutions in $\R^2$, we show that this obstruction does not exist
by using information on stable solutions of the Toda system.


  In this paper, for fibrations $p:E\to B$, $p':E'\to B$ over $B$ and a free
involution $\tau:E\to E$ which satisfy the equality $p\circ\tau=p$, we discover
a connection between the sectional category of the double covers $q:E\to
E/\tau$ and $q^Y:F_{p'}(E',2)\to F_{p'}(E',2)/\mathbb{Z}_2$ from the
$2$-ordered fibre-wise configuration space $F_{p'}(E',2)$ to its unordered
quotient $ F_{p'}(E',2)/\mathbb{Z}_2$, and the parametrized Borsuk-Ulam
property (PBUP) for the triple $\left((p,\tau);p'\right)$. Explicitly, we
demonstrate that the triple $\left((p,\tau);p'\right)$ satisfies the PBUP if
the sectional category of $q$ is bigger than the sectional category of
$q^{p'}$. This property connects a standard problem in parametrized Borsuk-Ulam
theory to current research trends in sectional category. As applictions of our
results, we explore the PBUP for $E, E'$ one of the following fibrations:
trivial fibration, Hopf fibration and the Fadell-Neuwirth fibration.


  It was pointed out by Shifman and Yung that the critical superstring on
$X^{10}={\mathbb R}^4\times Y^6$, where $Y^6$ is the resolved conifold, appears
as an effective theory for a U(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs system with four fundamental
Higgs scalars defined on $\Sigma_2\times{\mathbb R}^2$, where $\Sigma_2$ is a
two-dimensional Lorentzian manifold. Their Yang-Mills model supports semilocal
vortices on ${\mathbb R}^2\subset\Sigma_2\times{\mathbb R}^2$ with a moduli
space $X^{10}$. When the moduli of slowly moving thin vortices depend on the
coordinates of $\Sigma_2$, the vortex strings can be identified with critical
fundamental strings. We show that similar results can be obtained for the
low-energy limit of pure Yang-Mills theory on $\Sigma_2\times T^2_p$, where
$T^2_p$ is a two-dimensional torus with a puncture $p$. The solitonic vortices
of Shifman and Yung then get replaced by flat connections. Various
ten-dimensional superstring target spaces can be obtained as moduli spaces of
flat connections on $T^2_p$, depending on the choice of the gauge group. The
full Green-Schwarz sigma model requires extending the gauge group to a
supergroup and augmenting the action with a topological term.


  We introduce the notion of pseudo-algebraicity to study atomic models of
first order theories (equivalently models of a complete sentence of
$L_{\omega_1,\omega}$. Theorem: Let $T$ be any complete first-order theory in a
countable language with an atomic model. If the pseudo-minimal types are not
dense, then there are $2^{\aleph_1}$ pairwise non-isomorphic atomic models of
$T$, each of size $\aleph_1$.


  We propose a new, self-consistent theory of coherent pulsar radio emission
based on the non-stationary sparking model of Ruderman & Sutherland (1975),
modified by Gil & Sendyk (2000) in the accompanying Paper I. According to these
authors, the polar cap is populated as densely as possible by a number of
sparks with a characteristic perpendicular dimension D approximately equal to
the polar gap height scale h, separated from each other also by about h. Each
spark reappears in approximately the same place on the polar cap for a time
scale much longer than its life-time and delivers to the open magnetosphere a
sequence of electron-positron clouds which flow orderly along a flux tube of
dipolar magnetic field lines. The overlapping of particles with different
momenta from consecutive clouds leads to effective two-stream instability,
which triggers electrostatic Langmuir waves at the altitudes of about 50
stellar radii. The electrostatic oscillations are modulationally unstable and
their nonlinear evolution results in formation of ``bunch-like'' charged
solitons. A characteristic soliton length along magnetic field lines is about
30 cm, so they are capable of emitting coherent curvature radiation at radio
wavelengths. The net soliton charge is about 10^21 fundamental charges,
contained within a volume of about 10^14 cm^3. For a typical pulsar, there are
about 10^5 solitons associated with each of about 25 sparks operating on the
polar cap at any instant. One soliton moving relativisticaly along dipolar
field lines with a Lorentz factor of the order of 100 generates a power of
about 10^21 erg/s by means of curvature radiation. Then the total power of a
typical radio pulsar can be estimated as being about 10^(27-28) erg/s.


  These are the lecture notes for my course at the 2011 Park City Mathematics
Graduate Summer School. The first two lectures covered the basics of the
Torelli group and the Johnson homomorphism, and the third and fourth lectures
discussed the second cohomology group of the level p congruence subgroup of the
mapping class group, following my papers "The second rational homology group of
the moduli space of curves with level structures" and "The Picard group of the
moduli space of curves with level structures".


  Intuitively, a backdoor attack against Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is to
inject hidden malicious behaviors into DNNs such that the backdoor model
behaves legitimately for benign inputs, yet invokes a predefined malicious
behavior when its input contains a malicious trigger. The trigger can take a
plethora of forms, including a special object present in the image (e.g., a
yellow pad), a shape filled with custom textures (e.g., logos with particular
colors) or even image-wide stylizations with special filters (e.g., images
altered by Nashville or Gotham filters). These filters can be applied to the
original image by replacing or perturbing a set of image pixels.


  In a two-way contingency table analysis with explanatory and response
variables, the analyst is interested in the independence of the two variables.
However, if the test of independence does not show independence or clearly
shows a relationship, the analyst is interested in the degree of their
association. Various measures have been proposed to calculate the degree of
their association, one of which is the proportional reduction in variation
(PRV) measure which describes the PRV from the marginal distribution to the
conditional distribution of the response. The conventional PRV measures can
assess the association of the entire contingency table, but they can not
accurately assess the association for each explanatory variable. In this paper,
we propose a geometric mean type of PRV (geoPRV) measure that aims to
sensitively capture the association of each explanatory variable to the
response variable by using a geometric mean, and it enables analysis without
underestimation when there is partial bias in cells of the contingency table.
Furthermore, the geoPRV measure is constructed by using any functions that
satisfy specific conditions, which has application advantages and makes it
possible to express conventional PRV measures as geometric mean types in
special cases.


  We develop a critical-state model of fused silica plasticity on the basis of
data mined from molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. The MD data is suggestive
of an irreversible densification transition in volumetric compression resulting
in permanent, or plastic, densification upon unloading. The MD data also
reveals an evolution towards a critical state of constant volume under
pressure-shear deformation. The trend towards constant volume is from above,
when the glass is overconsolidated, or from below, when it is
underconsolidated. We show that these characteristic behaviors are
well-captured by a critical state model of plasticity, where the densification
law for glass takes the place of the classical consolidation law of granular
media and the locus of constant volume states denotes the critical-state line.
A salient feature of the critical-state line of fused silica, as identified
from the MD data, that renders its yield behavior anomalous is that it is
strongly non-convex, owing to the existence of two well-differentiated phases
at low and high pressures. We argue that this strong non-convexity of yield
explains the patterning that is observed in molecular dynamics calculations of
amorphous solids deforming in shear. We employ an explicit and exact rank-2
envelope construction to upscale the microscopic critical-state model to the
macroscale. Remarkably, owing to the equilibrium constraint the resulting
effective macroscopic behavior is still characterized by a non-convex
critical-state line. Despite this lack of convexity, the effective macroscopic
model is stable against microstructure formation and defines well-posed
boundary-value problems.


  It is well known that all rotating perfect fluid stars in general relativity
are unstable to certain non-axisymmetric perturbations via the
Chandrasekhar-Friedman-Schutz (CFS) instability. However, the mechanism of the
CFS instability requires, in an essential way, the loss of angular momentum by
gravitational radiation and, in many instances, it acts on too long a timescale
to be physically/astrophysically relevant. It is therefore of interest to
examine the stability of rotating, relativistic stars to axisymmetric
perturbations, where the CFS instability does not occur. In this paper, we
provide a Rayleigh-Ritz type variational principle for testing the stability of
perfect fluid stars to axisymmetric perturbations, which generalizes to
axisymmetric perturbations of rotating stars a variational principle given by
Chandrasekhar for spherical perturbations of static, spherical stars. Our
variational principle provides a lower bound to the rate of exponential growth
in the case of instability. The derivation closely parallels the derivation of
a recently obtained variational principle for analyzing the axisymmetric
stability of black holes.


  An analytic FBI transform is built on compact manifolds without boundary,
that satisfies all the expected properties. It enables the study of microlocal
analytic and Gevrey regularity on such manifolds. This tool is then used to
study the Ruelle spectrum of Anosov flows with Gevrey coefficients. In
particular, finite order for the associated dynamical determinant is proved.


  We present a summary of recent measurements of vector boson production in
association with jets in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV with the
D\O\ detector. Results of measurements of the inclusive $n$-jet cross-sections,
$\sigma_{n}/\sigma_{n-1}$ ratios of $W+(n)$jet production for $n=0-4$ and the
normalized n^th jet $p_T$ differential cross-section distributions, and
measurement of the production cross-section (times branching fraction) ratio of
$Z+b$-jet to $Z$+jet production are reported. Measurement of the normalized
$Z/\gamma^*$+jet angular cross-section differential distributions are also
discussed.


  The Green-function approach has been extended to the moderate baryon density
region in the framework of an extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, and the
thermodynamic potential with both chiral and diquark condensates has been
evaluated by using the massive quark propagator. The phase structure along the
chemical potential direction has been investigated and the strong competition
between the chiral and diquark condensate has been analyzed by investigating
the influence of the diquark condensate on the sharp Fermi surface. The
influence of the diquark condensate on the quark properties has been
investigated, even though the quarks in the color breaking phase are very
different from that in the chiral breaking phase, the difference between quarks
in different colors is very small.


  In this paper, we propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) that
never causes checkerboard artifacts, for image enhancement. In research fields
of image-to-image translation problems, it is well-known that images generated
by usual CNNs are distorted by checkerboard artifacts which mainly caused in
forward-propagation of upsampling layers. However, checkerboard artifacts in
image enhancement have never been discussed. In this paper, we point out that
applying U-Net based CNNs to image enhancement causes checkerboard artifacts.
In contrast, the proposed network that contains fixed convolutional layers can
perfectly prevent the artifacts. In addition, the proposed network
architecture, which can handle both local and global features, enables us to
improve the performance of image enhancement. Experimental results show that
the use of fixed convolutional layers can prevent checkerboard artifacts and
the proposed network outperforms state-of-the-art CNN-based image-enhancement
methods in terms of various objective quality metrics: PSNR, SSIM, and NIQE.


  We propose a quantum error correction without error detection. A quantum
state $\rho_0$ combined with an ancilla state $\sigma$ is encoded unitarily and
an error operator is applied on the encoded state. The recovery operation then
produces a tensor product state $\rho_0 \otimes \sigma'$. The decoding
operation is combined with the recovery operation and the state $\rho_0$ is
directly reproduced without referring to the code word. A higher rank
projection operator required for a conventional operator quantum error
correction is not necessary to implement. Encoding and the recovery operations
are implemented with unitary operators only, which makes quantum error
correction much easier than any other proposals.


  We demonstrate that the nontrivial dispersion of a plasma driven by a
high-intensity laser pulse qualitatively affects fundamental nonperturbative
QED processes triggered by the laser pulse even in the case that no electrons
remain in the interaction volume, e.g., due to ponderomotive expulsion. In the
electron-free case this plasma effect is mediated by the response current of
the residual ions as a dispersive effect on the laser propagation. The residual
ions hence act as an effective background to the propagating electromagnetic
laser field. We demonstrate that this has an impact on the fundamental
nonlinear QED process of photon emission by an electron upon absorption of a
large number of laser photons, called nonlinear Compton scattering. In two
exemplary cases we find the ion plasma to suppress and enhance the photon
emission rate by approximately $10\%$ for an intermediate and high laser
intensity, respectively. The latter enhancement has no classical analog.


  Density functional calculations on atoms are often used for determining
accurate initial guesses as well as generating various types of pseudopotential
approximations and efficient atomic-orbital basis sets for polyatomic
calculations. To reach the best accuracy for these purposes, the atomic
calculations should employ the same density functional as the polyatomic
calculation. Atomic density functional calculations are typically carried out
employing spherically symmetric densities, corresponding to the use of
fractional orbital occupations. We have described their implementation for
density functional approximations (DFAs) belonging to the local density
approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) levels of
theory as well as Hartree-Fock (HF) and range-separated exact exchange [S.
Lehtola, Phys. Rev. A 2020, 101, 012516]. In this work, we describe the
extension to meta-GGA functionals using the generalized Kohn-Sham scheme, in
which the energy is minimized with respect to the orbitals, which in turn are
expanded in the finite element formalism with high-order numerical basis
functions. Furnished with the new implementation, we continue our recent work
on the numerical well-behavedness of recent meta-GGA functionals [S. Lehtola
and M. A. L. Marques, J. Chem. Phys. 2022, 157, 174114]. We pursue complete
basis set (CBS) limit energies for recent density functionals, and find many to
be ill-behaved for the Li and Na atoms. We report basis set truncation errors
(BSTEs) of some commonly used Gaussian basis sets for these density functionals
and find the BSTEs to be strongly functional dependent. We also discuss the
importance of density thresholding in DFAs and find that all of the functionals
studied in this work yield total energies converged to $0.1\ \mu E_{h}$ when
densities smaller than $10^{-11}a_{0}^{-3}$ are screened out.


  A critical study of the wave mechanics of a particle trapped in a 1-D box
having infinite potential walls and small flexibility in its size reveals its
several important and hither to unknown aspects which could be relevant for
better understanding of systems like quantum -dot/wire/well. Since most of
these aspects arise from the zero-point force coming into operation when the
particle occupies its ground state in the box, they are expected to have great
significance at low temperatures. To demonstrate this we briefly analyze some
important aspects of an electron bubble in liquid helium and its nano-droplets.


  The spectral problem $(A + V(z))\psi=z\psi$ is considered with $A$, a
self-adjoint Hamiltonian of sufficiently arbitrary nature. The perturbation
$V(z)$ is assumed to depend on the energy $z$ as resolvent of another
self-adjoint operator $A':$ $V(z)=-B(A'-z)^{-1}B^{*}$. It is supposed that
operator $B$ has a finite Hilbert-Schmidt norm and spectra of operators $A$ and
$A'$ are separated. The conditions are formulated when the perturbation $V(z)$
may be replaced with an energy-independent ``potential'' $W$ such that the
Hamiltonian $H=A +W$ has the same spectrum (more exactly a part of spectrum)
and the same eigenfunctions as the initial spectral problem. The orthogonality
and expansion theorems are proved for eigenfunction systems of the Hamiltonian
$ H=A + W $. Scattering theory is developed for $H$ in the case when operator
$A$ has continuous spectrum. Applications of the results obtained to few-body
problems are discussed.


  In this study, a novel application of neural networks that predict thermal
comfort states of occupants is proposed with accuracy over 95%, and two
optimization algorithms are proposed and evaluated under two real cases
(general offices and lecture theatres/conference rooms scenarios) in Singapore.
The two optimization algorithms are Bayesian Gaussian process optimization
(BGPO) and augmented firefly algorithm (AFA). Based on our earlier studies, the
models of energy consumption were developed and well-trained through neural
networks. This study focuses on using novel active approaches to evaluate
thermal comfort of occupants and so as to solves a multiple-objective problem
that aims to balance energy-efficiency of centralized air-conditioning systems
and thermal comfort of occupants. The study results show that both BGPO and AFA
are feasible to resolve this no prior knowledge-based optimization problem
effectively. However, the optimal solutions of AFA are more consistent than
those of BGPO at given sample sizes. The best energy saving rates (ESR) of BGPO
and AFA are around -21% and -10% respectively at energy-efficient user
preference for both Case 1 and Case 2. As a result, an potential benefit of
S$1219.1 can be achieved annually for this experimental laboratory level in
Singapore.


  We demonstrate the emergence of scaling laws in the benchmark top versus QCD
jet classification problem in collider physics. Six distinct
physically-motivated classifiers exhibit power-law scaling of the binary
cross-entropy test loss as a function of training set size, with distinct power
law indices. This result highlights the importance of comparing classifiers as
a function of dataset size rather than for a fixed training set, as the optimal
classifier may change considerably as the dataset is scaled up. We speculate on
the interpretation of our results in terms of previous models of scaling laws
observed in natural language and image datasets.


  Genomes contain rare guanine-rich sequences capable of assembling into
four-stranded helical structures, termed G-quadruplexes, with potential roles
in gene regulation and chromosome stability. Their mechanical unfolding has
only been reported to date by all-atom simulations, which cannot dissect the
major physical interactions responsible for their cohesion. Here, we propose a
mesoscopic model to describe both the mechanical and thermal stability of DNA
G-quadruplexes, where each nucleotide of the structure, as well as each central
cation located at the inner channel, is mapped onto a single bead. In this
framework we are able to simulate loading rates similar to the experimental
ones, which are not reachable in simulations with atomistic resolution. In this
regard, we present single-molecule force-induced unfolding experiments by a
high-resolution optical tweezers on a DNA telomeric sequence capable of forming
a G-quadruplex conformation. Fitting the parameters of the model to the
experiments we find a correct prediction of the rupture-force kinetics and a
good agreement with previous near equilibrium measurements. Since G-quadruplex
unfolding dynamics is halfway in complexity between secondary nucleic acids and
tertiary protein structures, our model entails a nanoscale paradigm for
non-equilibrium processes in the cell.


  The effect of octahedral tilting on the acentric structural transitions in
AGaO$_{3}$/A'GaO$_{3}$ [001], [110], and [111] superlattices (A, A' = La, Pr,
Nd) is studied using density functional theory. We find the displacive
transitions are driven by two octahedral rotations modes (a$^{-}$a$^{-}$c$^{0}$
and a$^{0}$a$^{0}$c$^{+}$ tilting), with amplitudes that depend on the A and A'
chemistry and cation ordering direction. We find the ground states structures
of the [001] and [111] ordered superlattices are polar. The coupling of
octahedral tilting modes through a hybrid improper ferroelectric mechanism
induces the polar displacements and produces the macroscopic electric
polarizations.


  We study the infinite horizon Linear-Quadratic problem and the associated
algebraic Riccati equations for systems with unbounded control actions. The
operator-theoretic context is motivated by composite systems of Partial
Differential Equations (PDE) with boundary or point control. Specific focus is
placed on systems of coupled hyperbolic/parabolic PDE with an overall
`predominant' hyperbolic character, such as, e.g., some models for
thermoelastic or fluid-structure interactions. While unbounded control actions
lead to Riccati equations with unbounded (operator) coefficients, unlike the
parabolic case solvability of these equations becomes a major issue, owing to
the lack of sufficient regularity of the solutions to the composite dynamics.
In the present case, even the more general theory appealing to estimates of the
singularity displayed by the kernel which occurs in the integral representation
of the solution to the control system fails. A novel framework which embodies
possible hyperbolic components of the dynamics has been introduced by the
authors in 2005, and a full theory of the LQ-problem on a finite time horizon
has been developed. The present paper provides the infinite time horizon
theory, culminating in well-posedness of the corresponding (algebraic) Riccati
equations. New technical challenges are encountered and new tools are needed,
especially in order to pinpoint the differentiability of the optimal solution.
The theory is illustrated by means of a boundary control problem arising in
thermoelasticity.


  Explicit relations of matrices for two-dimensional finite element method with
third-order triangular elements are given. They are more simple than relations
presented in other works and could be easily implemented in new algorithms for
both isotropic and anisotropic materials. Numerical examples are given
comparatively using second-order and third-order triangular elements for
problems of wave propagation in rectangular waveguides which have analytic
solutions.


  Mobile virtual reality (VR) head mounted displays (HMD) have become popular
among consumers in recent years. In this work, we demonstrate real-time
egocentric hand gesture detection and localization on mobile HMDs. Our main
contributions are: 1) A novel mixed-reality data collection tool to automatic
annotate bounding boxes and gesture labels; 2) The largest-to-date egocentric
hand gesture and bounding box dataset with more than 400,000 annotated frames;
3) A neural network that runs real time on modern mobile CPUs, and achieves
higher than 76% precision on gesture recognition across 8 classes.


  We prove a number of results on the structure and representation theory of
the rational Cherednik algebra of the imprimitive reflection group
$G(\ell,p,n)$. In particular, we: (1) show a relationship to the Coulomb branch
construction of Braverman, Finkelberg and Nakajima, and 3-dimensional quantum
field theory; (2) show that the spherical Cherednik algebra carries the
structure of a principal Galois order; (3) construct a graded lift of category
$\mathcal{O}$ and the larger category of Dunkl-Opdam modules, whose simple
modules have the properties of a dual canonical basis and (4) give the first
classification of simple Dunkl-Opdam modules for the rational Cherednik algebra
of the imprimitive reflection group $G(\ell,p,n)$.


  We present a short and unified representation-theoretical treatment of type A
link invariants (that is, the HOMFLY-PT polynomials, the Jones polynomial, the
Alexander polynomial and, more generally, the gl(m|n) quantum invariants) as
link invariants with values in the quantized oriented Brauer category.


  The charge dynamical response function of the Hubbard model is investigated
on the square lattice in the thermodynamical limit. The obtained charge
excitation spectra consist of a continuum, a gapless collective mode with
anisotropic zero-sound velocity, and a correlation induced high-frequency mode
at $\omega\approx U$. The correlation function is calculated from Gaussian
fluctuations around the paramagnetic saddle-point within the Kotliar and
Ruckenstein slave-boson representation. Its dependence on the on-site Coulomb
repulsion $U$ and density is studied in detail. An approximate analytical
expression of the high frequency mode, that holds for any lattice with one atom
in the unit cell, is derived. Comparison with numerical simulations,
perturbation theory and the polarization potential theory is carried out. We
also show that magnetic instabilities tend to vanish for $T\gtrsim t/6$, and
finite temperature phase diagrams are established.


  Twistronic assembly of 2D materials employs the twist angle between adjacent
layers as a tuning parameter for designing the electronic and optical
properties of van der Waals heterostructures. Here, we study how interlayer
hybridization, weak ferroelectric charge transfer between layers, and
piezoelectric response to deformations set the valence and conduction band
edges across the moir{\'e} supercell in twistronic homobilayers of MoS$_2$,
MoSe$_2$, WS$_2$ and WSe$_2$. We show that, due to the lack of inversion
symmetry in the monolayer crystals, bilayers with parallel (P) and
anti-parallel (AP) unit cell orientations display contrasting behaviors. For
P-bilayers at small twist angles we find band edges in the middle of triangular
domains of preferential stacking. In AP-bilayers at marginal twist angles
($\theta_{AP} < 1^\circ$) the band edges are located in small regions around
the intersections of domain walls, giving highly localized quantum dot states.