  The character ring \CGL of covariant irreducible tensor representations of
the general linear group admits a Hopf algebra structure isomorphic to the Hopf
algebra \Sym$ of symmetric functions. Here we study the character rings \CO and
\CSp of the orthogonal and symplectic subgroups of the general linear group
within the same framework of symmetric functions. We show that \CO and \CSp
also admit natural Hopf algebra structures that are isomorphic to that of \CGL,
and hence to \Sym. The isomorphisms are determined explicitly, along with the
specification of standard bases for \CO and \CSp analogous to those used for
\Sym. A major structural change arising from the adoption of these bases is the
introduction of new orthogonal and symplectic Schur-Hall scalar products.
Significantly, the adjoint with respect to multiplication no longer coincides,
as it does in the \CGL case, with a Foulkes derivative or skew operation. The
adjoint and Foulkes derivative now require separate definitions, and their
properties are explored here in the orthogonal and symplectic cases. Moreover,
the Hopf algebras \CO and \CSp are not self-dual. The dual Hopf algebras \CO^*
and \CSp^* are identified. Finally, the Hopf algebra of the universal rational
character ring \CGLrat of mixed irreducible tensor representations of the
general linear group is introduced and its structure maps identified.


  In this paper we discuss three methods to calculate energy splitting in
cosine potential on a circle, Bloch waves, semi--classical approximation and
restricted basis approach. While the Bloch wave method gives only a qualitative
result, with the WKB method we are able to determine its unknown coefficients.
The numerical approach is most exact and enables us to extract further
corrections to previous results.


  We exploit the long-ranged elastic fields inherent to confined nematic liquid
crystals to assemble colloidal particles trapped at the liquid crystal
interface into reconfigurable structures with complex symmetries and packings.
Spherical colloids with homeotropic anchoring trapped at the interface between
air and the nematic liquid crystal 5CB create quadrupolar distortions in the
director field causing particles to repel and consequently form close-packed
assemblies with a triangular habit. Here we report on complex, open structures
organized via interactions with defects in the bulk. Specifically, by confining
the nematic liquid crystal in an array of microposts with homeotropic anchoring
conditions, we cause defect rings to form at well-defined locations in the bulk
of the sample. These defects source elastic deformations that direct the
assembly of the interfacially-trapped colloids into ring-like assemblies, which
recapitulate the defect geometry even when the microposts are completely
immersed in the nematic. When the surface density of the colloids is high, they
form a ring near the defect and a hexagonal lattice far from it. Since
topographically complex substrates are easily fabricated and liquid crystal
defects are readily reconfigured, this work lays the foundation for a new,
robust mechanism to dynamically direct assembly over large areas by controlling
surface anchoring and associated bulk defect structure.


  Non-axisymmetric oscillations of differentially rotating stars are studied
using both slow rotation and Cowling approximation. The equilibrium stellar
models are relativistic polytropes where differential rotation is described by
the relativistic j-constant rotation law. The oscillation spectrum is studied
versus three main parameters: the stellar compactness $M/R$, the degree of
differential rotation $A$ and the number of maximun couplings $\ell_{\rm max}$.
It is shown that the rotational splitting of the non-axisymmetric modes is
strongly enhached by increasing the compactness of the star and the degree of
differential rotation. Finally, we investigate the relation between the
fundamental quadrupole mode and the corotation band of differentially rotating
stars.


  We present an overview of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory of
nucleonic superfluidity for finite nuclei. After introducing basic concepts
related to pairing correlations, we show how the correlated pairs are
incorporated into the HFB wave function. Thereafter, we present derivation and
structure of the HFB equations within the superfluid nuclear density functional
formalism and discuss several aspects of the theory, including the unitarity of
the Bogoliubov transformation in truncated single-particle and quasiparticle
spaces, form of the pairing functional, structure of the HFB continuum,
regularization and renormalization of pairing fields, and treatment of pairing
in systems with odd particle numbers.


  The Gaia Astrometric Verification Unit-Global Sphere Reconstruction (AVU-GSR)
Parallel Solver aims to find the astrometric parameters for $\sim$10$^8$ stars
in the Milky Way, the attitude and the instrumental specifications of the Gaia
satellite, and the global parameter $\gamma$ of the post Newtonian formalism.
The code iteratively solves a system of linear equations, $\mathbf{A} \times
\vec{x} = \vec{b}$, where the coefficient matrix $\mathbf{A}$ is large
($\sim$$10^{11} \times 10^8$ elements) and sparse. To solve this system of
equations, the code exploits a hybrid implementation of the iterative PC-LSQR
algorithm, where the computation related to different horizontal portions of
the coefficient matrix is assigned to separate MPI processes. In the original
code, each matrix portion is further parallelized over the OpenMP threads. To
further improve the code performance, we ported the application to the GPU,
replacing the OpenMP parallelization language with OpenACC. In this port,
$\sim$95% of the data is copied from the host to the device at the beginning of
the entire cycle of iterations, making the code $compute$ $bound$ rather than
$data$$-$$transfer$ $bound$. The OpenACC code presents a speedup of $\sim$1.5
over the OpenMP version but further optimizations are in progress to obtain
higher gains. The code runs on multiple GPUs and it was tested on the CINECA
supercomputer Marconi100, in anticipation of a port to the pre-exascale system
Leonardo, that will be installed at CINECA in 2022.


  Discrete homotopy theory or A-homotopy theory is a combinatorial homotopy
theory defined on graphs, simplicial complexes and metric spaces, reflecting
information about their connectivity. The purpose of the present paper is to
further understanding of the similarities between the A-homotopy and ordinary
homotopy theories. More precisely, we define the notion of a mapping fiber in
the category of graphs and study its basic properties, providing
non-compatibility with projection.


  The quark scalar, axial and tensor charges of nucleon are calculated in the
Schwinger-Dyson formalism. We first calculate these charges in the
rainbow-ladder truncation using the IR cut quark-gluon vertex, and show that
the result is in agreement with the known data. We then perform the same
calculation with the phenomenological IR singular quark-gluon vertex. In this
case, the Schwinger-Dyson equation does not converge. We show that this result
suggests the requirement of additional corrections to the rainbow-ladder
truncation, due to the interaction between quark and gluons in the deep IR
region.


  An understanding of the physics of half or quarter filled lowest Landau level
has been achieved in terms of a Fermi sea of composite fermions, but the nature
of the state at other even-denominator fractions has remained unclear. We
investigate in this work Landau level fillings of the form $\nu=(2n+1)/(4n+4)$,
which correspond to composite fermion fillings $\nu^*=n+1/2$. By considering
various plausible candidate states, we rule out the composite-fermion Fermi sea
and paired composite-fermion state at these filling factors, and predict that
the system phase separates into stripes of $n$ and $n+1$ filled Landau levels
of composite fermions.


  End-to-end deep-learning networks recently demonstrated extremely good
perfor- mance for stereo matching. However, existing networks are difficult to
use for practical applications since (1) they are memory-hungry and unable to
process even modest-size images, (2) they have to be trained for a given
disparity range. The Practical Deep Stereo (PDS) network that we propose
addresses both issues: First, its architecture relies on novel bottleneck
modules that drastically reduce the memory footprint in inference, and
additional design choices allow to handle greater image size during training.
This results in a model that leverages large image context to resolve matching
ambiguities. Second, a novel sub-pixel cross- entropy loss combined with a MAP
estimator make this network less sensitive to ambiguous matches, and applicable
to any disparity range without re-training. We compare PDS to state-of-the-art
methods published over the recent months, and demonstrate its superior
performance on FlyingThings3D and KITTI sets.


  We presented a general multi-physics model for shale gas flow in fractured
systems, first the first time, with fully coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical
(THM) properties. The impact of gas adsorption, real gas properties, gas flow
in nano-scale pore space and geomechanics effects on total gas flow capacity
are investigated. We also showed that by elevating shale rock temperature, the
characteristic of gas adsorption behavior can be substantially altered.


  This paper is a sequel to [Ga1]. We study the semi-infinite category on the
Ran version of the affine Grassmannian, and study a particular object in it
that we call the semi-infinite intersection cohomology sheaf.
  Unlike the situation of [Ga1], this version of the semi-infinite intersection
IC sheaf is defined as the middle of extension of the constant (more precisely,
dualizing) sheaf on the basic stratum, in a certain t-structure. We give
several explicit description and characterizations of our semi-infinite
intersection IC sheaf: we describe its !- and *- stalks; we present it
explicitly as a colimit; we relate it to the IC sheaf of Drinfeld's relative
compactification; we describe it via the Drinfeld-Plucker formalism.


  Learning data representations that reflect the customers' creditworthiness
can improve marketing campaigns, customer relationship management, data and
process management or the credit risk assessment in retail banks. In this
research, we adopt the Variational Autoencoder (VAE), which has the ability to
learn latent representations that contain useful information. We show that it
is possible to steer the latent representations in the latent space of the VAE
using the Weight of Evidence and forming a specific grouping of the data that
reflects the customers' creditworthiness. Our proposed method learns a latent
representation of the data, which shows a well-defied clustering structure
capturing the customers' creditworthiness. These clusters are well suited for
the aforementioned banks' activities. Further, our methodology generalizes to
new customers, captures high-dimensional and complex financial data, and scales
to large data sets.


  Automated interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECG) has garnered significant
attention with the advancements in machine learning methodologies. Despite the
growing interest, most current studies focus solely on classification or
regression tasks, which overlook a crucial aspect of clinical cardio-disease
diagnosis: the diagnostic report generated by experienced human clinicians. In
this paper, we introduce a novel approach to ECG interpretation, leveraging
recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Transformer
(ViT) models. Rather than treating ECG diagnosis as a classification or
regression task, we propose an alternative method of automatically identifying
the most similar clinical cases based on the input ECG data. Also, since
interpreting ECG as images is more affordable and accessible, we process ECG as
encoded images and adopt a vision-language learning paradigm to jointly learn
vision-language alignment between encoded ECG images and ECG diagnosis reports.
Encoding ECG into images can result in an efficient ECG retrieval system, which
will be highly practical and useful in clinical applications. More importantly,
our findings could serve as a crucial resource for providing diagnostic
services in underdeveloped regions.


  The discovery by Advanced LIGO/Virgo of gravitational waves from the binary
neutron star (NS) merger GW170817, and subsequently by astronomers of transient
counterparts across the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, has initiated the era of
multi-messenger astronomy. Given the slew of papers appearing on this event, I
thought it useful to summarize the EM discoveries in the context of theoretical
models and present my views on the major take-away lessons from this watershed
event. The weak GRB discovered in close time coincidence with GW170817, and
potential evidence for a more powerful off-axis relativistic jet (initially
beamed away from our line of sight) from the delayed rise of a non-thermal
X-ray and radio orphan afterglow, provides the most compelling evidence yet
that cosmological short GRBs originate from binary NS mergers. The luminosity
and colors of the early optical emission discovered within a day of the merger
agrees strikingly well with original predictions (Metzger et al. 2010) for
"kilonova" emission powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei, the
NS merger origin of which was initially proposed by Lattimer & Schramm 1974.
The transition of the spectral energy distribution to NIR wavelengths on
timescales of days matches predictions by Barnes & Kasen 2013 and Tanaka &
Hotokezaka 2013 if a portion of the ejecta contains heavy r-process nuclei with
higher opacities. The "blue" and "red" ejecta components may possess distinct
origins (e.g. dynamical ejecta versus accretion disk outflows), with key
implications for the merger physics and the properties of neutron stars. I
outline the diversity in the EM emission expected from additional
mergers-observed with different binary masses and viewing angles-discovered
once LIGO/Virgo reach design sensitivity and NS mergers are discovered as
frequently as once per week.


  A point contact in a Luttinger liquid couples the left- and right-moving
channels, producing shot noise. We calculate exactly the DC shot noise at zero
temperature in the out-of-equilibrium steady state where current is flowing.
Integrability of the interaction ensures the existence of a quasiparticle basis
where quasiparticles scatter ``one by one'' off the point contact. This enables
us to apply a direct generalization of the Landauer approach to shot noise to
this interacting model. We find a simple relation of the noise to the current
and the differential conductance. Our results should be experimentally-testable
in a fractional quantum Hall effect device, providing a clear signal of the
fractional charge of the Laughlin quasiparticles.


  Inferential relations govern our concept use. In order to understand a
concept it has to be located in a space of implications. There are different
kinds of conditions for statements, i.e. that the conditions represent
different kinds of explanations, e.g. causal or conceptual explanations. The
crucial questions is: How can the conditionality of language use be
represented. The conceptual background of representation in models is discussed
and in the end I propose how implications of propositional logic and conceptual
determinations can be represented in a model of a neural network.


  We show, using standard results in length spectrum rigidity and symplectic
homology, that if the unit tangent bundles of two compact surfaces of negative
curvature are exact symplectomorphic, then the underlying surfaces are
isometric, and hence the disk bundles are symplectomorphic smoothly up to the
boundaries. Motivated by the work of Eliashberg and Hofer on unseen symplectic
boundaries, we try to extend the above result to other classes of domains in
(co)tangent bundles of surfaces. The domains we can treat consist of those
bounded by deformations of negatively curved unit cotangent bundles through
boundaries with Anosov characteristic (Reeb) flows. We show that if two such
are exact symplectomorphic, then the two domains are symplectomorphic by a
diffeomorphism smooth up to the boundary. Furthermore, if two such surfaces
have the same marked length spectrum then they are connected by a 1-parameter
family of domains bounded by hypersurfaces with smoothly time preserving
conjugate Reeb flows by a smooth family of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. A few
counterexamples to easy generalizations are given.


  We investigate the sub-Gaussian property for almost surely bounded random
variables. If sub-Gaussianity per se is de facto ensured by the bounded support
of said random variables, then exciting research avenues remain open. Among
these questions is how to characterize the optimal sub-Gaussian proxy variance?
Another question is how to characterize strict sub-Gaussianity, defined by a
proxy variance equal to the (standard) variance? We address the questions in
proposing conditions based on the study of functions variations. A particular
focus is given to the relationship between strict sub-Gaussianity and symmetry
of the distribution. In particular, we demonstrate that symmetry is neither
sufficient nor necessary for strict sub-Gaussianity. In contrast, simple
necessary conditions on the one hand, and simple sufficient conditions on the
other hand, for strict sub-Gaussianity are provided. These results are
illustrated via various applications to a number of bounded random variables,
including Bernoulli, beta, binomial, uniform, Kumaraswamy, and triangular
distributions.


  We develop new statistics for robustly filtering corrupted keypoint matches
in the structure from motion pipeline. The statistics are based on consistency
constraints that arise within the clustered structure of the graph of keypoint
matches. The statistics are designed to give smaller values to corrupted
matches and than uncorrupted matches. These new statistics are combined with an
iterative reweighting scheme to filter keypoints, which can then be fed into
any standard structure from motion pipeline. This filtering method can be
efficiently implemented and scaled to massive datasets as it only requires
sparse matrix multiplication. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method on
synthetic and real structure from motion datasets and show that it achieves
state-of-the-art accuracy and speed in these tasks.


  The past decades have seen enormous improvements in computational inference
based on statistical models, with continual enhancement in a wide range of
computational tools, in competition. In Bayesian inference, first and foremost,
MCMC techniques continue to evolve, moving from random walk proposals to
Langevin drift, to Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, and so on, with both theoretical
and algorithmic inputs opening wider access to practitioners. However, this
impressive evolution in capacity is confronted by an even steeper increase in
the complexity of the models and datasets to be addressed. The difficulties of
modelling and then handling ever more complex datasets most likely call for a
new type of tool for computational inference that dramatically reduce the
dimension and size of the raw data while capturing its essential aspects.
Approximate models and algorithms may thus be at the core of the next
computational revolution.


  In this paper, we study the existence of proper warped product submanifolds
in metallic (or Golden) Riemannian manifolds and we discuss about
semi-invariant, semi-slant and, respectively, hemi-slant warped product
submanifolds in metallic and Golden Riemannian manifolds. Also, we provide some
examples of warped product submanifolds in Euclidean spaces.


  In the present work we have studied the structural and electronic properties
of recently synthesized elusive free standing triangulene using density
functional theory. Triangulene, which is a type of graphene quantum dot, is a
molecule with an even number of electrons and atoms but the structure of
molecule is such that it is impossible to pair all these electrons.


  Recently privacy concerns of person re-identification (ReID) raise more and
more attention and preserving the privacy of the pedestrian images used by ReID
methods become essential. De-identification (DeID) methods alleviate privacy
issues by removing the identity-related of the ReID data. However, most of the
existing DeID methods tend to remove all personal identity-related information
and compromise the usability of de-identified data on the ReID task. In this
paper, we aim to develop a technique that can achieve a good trade-off between
privacy protection and data usability for person ReID. To achieve this, we
propose a novel de-identification method designed explicitly for person ReID,
named Person Identify Shift (PIS). PIS removes the absolute identity in a
pedestrian image while preserving the identity relationship between image
pairs. By exploiting the interpolation property of variational auto-encoder,
PIS shifts each pedestrian image from the current identity to another with a
new identity, resulting in images still preserving the relative identities.
Experimental results show that our method has a better trade-off between
privacy-preserving and model performance than existing de-identification
methods and can defend against human and model attacks for data privacy.


  Large mass ice/water Cherenkov experiments, optimized to detect low energy
(1-20 GeV) atmospheric neutrinos, have the potential to discriminate between
normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies. The sensitivity depends on
several model and detector parameters, such as the neutrino flux profile and
normalization, the Earth density profile, the oscillation parameter
uncertainties, and the detector effective mass and resolution. A proper
evaluation of the mass hierarchy discrimination power requires a robust
statistical approach. In this work, the Toy Monte Carlo, based on an extended
unbinned likelihood ratio test statistic, was used. The effect of each model
and detector parameter, as well as the required detector exposure, was then
studied. While uncertainties on the Earth density and atmospheric neutrino flux
profiles were found to have a minor impact on the mass hierarchy
discrimination, the flux normalization, as well as some of the oscillation
parameter (\Delta m^2_{31}, \theta_{13}, \theta_{23}, and \delta_{CP})
uncertainties and correlations resulted critical. Finally, the minimum required
detector exposure, the optimization of the low energy threshold, and the
detector resolutions were also investigated.


  Pair particle creation is a well-known effect on the domain of field theory
in curved space-time. It is shown that the entanglement generations for spin-0
and spin-1/2 modes are different in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW)
space-time. We consider the spin-1 particles in FRW space-time using
Duffin-Kemmer-Petiao (DKP) equation and obtain a measure of the generated
entanglement. Also, we consider the spin-3/2 particles. We argue that the
absolute value of the spin does not play any role in entanglement generation
and the differences are due to the bosonic or fermionic properties.


  A user's data is represented by a finite-valued random variable. Given a
function of the data, a querier is required to recover, with at least a
prescribed probability, the value of the function based on a query response
provided by the user. The user devises the query response, subject to the
recoverability requirement, so as to maximize privacy of the data from the
querier. Privacy is measured by the probability of error incurred by the
querier in estimating the data from the query response. We analyze single and
multiple independent query responses, with each response satisfying the
recoverability requirement, that provide maximum privacy to the user. In the
former setting, we also consider privacy for a predicate of the user's data.
Achievability schemes with explicit randomization mechanisms for query
responses are given and their privacy compared with converse upper bounds.


  The information technology applications in cyberspace (the internet) are
currently dominated by social media. The author investigates and explores the
advantages of social media implementation of any political party in Indonesian
general legislative elections 2014. There are twelve national political parties
participating in the election as contestants plus three local political parties
in Aceh. In this research, author focus on national political parties only. The
author visited, analyzed, and learnt the social media used by the contestants.
Those social media are : 1) Facebook, 2) Twitter, and 3) YouTube. Author also
compares the popularity of political parties on social media with the results
of a real count. Then Author can discuss : 1) the impact of social media on
political parties, 2) social media as a brand of political parties, 3) social
media as political presentation, and 4) social media as virtual society. The
results of this study indicate that Facebook is still a social media
application that received high attention by the voters on a campaign of
political parties. Indonesian's legislative elections won by parties that are
using social media as part of their campaigns.


  An extension to the classical notion of core is the notion of $k$-additive
core, that is, the set of $k$-additive games which dominate a given game, where
a $k$-additive game has its M\"obius transform (or Harsanyi dividends)
vanishing for subsets of more than $k$ elements. Therefore, the 1-additive core
coincides with the classical core. The advantages of the $k$-additive core is
that it is never empty once $k\geq 2$, and that it preserves the idea of
coalitional rationality. However, it produces $k$-imputations, that is,
imputations on individuals and coalitions of at most $k$ inidividuals, instead
of a classical imputation. Therefore one needs to derive a classical imputation
from a $k$-order imputation by a so-called sharing rule. The paper investigates
what set of imputations the $k$-additive core can produce from a given sharing
rule.


  1.When equipped with 2-rough norm and restricted to continuous paths with
bounded variation, the area operator is a closable unbounded operator. 2.The
area defined through Riemann-Stieltjes integral is the only possible candidate
to enhance a path with vanishing 2-variation into a geometric 2-rough path.
3.Young integral is extended to p^-1+q^-1=1 by assigning a finer scale
continuity.


  We report on the charm physics potential at BES-III at BEPC-II which will
make significant contribution to quark flavor physics this decade. The charm
physics program will include studies of leptonic, semileptonic and hadronic
charm decays, and tests for physics beyond the Standard Model. Event samples of
the order of 30 million $\DD$ pairs, 2 million $\DspDsm$ pairs at threshold and
$10\times 10^9$ $J/\psi$ decays will be produced with one year design
luminosity. High precision charm data will enable us to validate forthcoming
Lattice QCD calculations at the few percent level. These can then be used to
make precise measurements of CKM elements, $V_{cd}$, $V_{cs}$, $V_{ub}$,
$V_{cb}$ and $V_{ts}$, which are useful to improve the accuracy of test of the
CKM unitarity.


  Bell suggested that a new perspective on quantum mechanics was needed. We
propose a solution of the measurement problem based on a reconsideration of the
nature of particles. The solution is presented with an idealized model
involving non-locality or non-separability, identified in 1927 by Einstein and
implicit in the standard interpretation of single slit (or hole) diffraction.
Considering particles as being localizable entities leads to an `induced
collapse model', a parameter-free alternative to spontaneous collapse models,
that affords a new perspective on, \emph{inter alia}, nuclear decay.


  The evaluation of Long Video Understanding (LVU) performance poses an
important but challenging research problem. Despite previous efforts, the
existing video understanding benchmarks are severely constrained by several
issues, especially the insufficient lengths of videos, a lack of diversity in
video types and evaluation tasks, and the inappropriateness for evaluating LVU
performances. To address the above problems, we propose a new benchmark, called
MLVU (Multi-task Long Video Understanding Benchmark), for the comprehensive and
in-depth evaluation of LVU. MLVU presents the following critical values: 1) The
substantial and flexible extension of video lengths, which enables the
benchmark to evaluate LVU performance across a wide range of durations. 2) The
inclusion of various video genres, e.g., movies, surveillance footage,
egocentric videos, cartoons, game videos, etc., which reflects the models' LVU
performances in different scenarios. 3) The development of diversified
evaluation tasks, which enables a comprehensive examination of MLLMs' key
abilities in long-video understanding. The empirical study with 20 latest MLLMs
reveals significant room for improvement in today's technique, as all existing
methods struggle with most of the evaluation tasks and exhibit severe
performance degradation when handling longer videos. Additionally, it suggests
that factors such as context length, image-understanding quality, and the
choice of LLM backbone can play critical roles in future advancements. We
anticipate that MLVU will advance the research of long video understanding by
providing a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of MLLMs.


  We report a possible detection of TeV gamma-rays from the Galactic Center by
the Whipple 10m gamma-ray telescope. Twenty-six hours of data were taken over
an extended period from 1995 through 2003 resulting in a total significance of
3.7 standard deviations. The measured excess corresponds to an integral flux of
\Flux above an energy of $2.8 \mathrm{TeV}$, roughly 40% of the flux from the
Crab Nebula at this energy. The 95% confidence region has an angular extent of
about 15 arcmin and includes the position of Sgr A*. The detection is
consistent with a point source and shows no evidence for variability.


  The generalized Langevin mode analysis (GLMA) is applied to chemical
reactions in biomolecules in solution. The theory sees a chemical reaction in
solution as a barrier crossing process, similar to the Marcus theory. The
barrier is defined as the crossing point of two free-energy surfaces which are
attributed to the reactant and product of the reaction. It is assumed that the
both free-energy surfaces are quadratic or harmonic. The assumption is based on
the Kim-Hirata theory of structural fluctuation of protein, which proves that
the fluctuation around an equilibrium structure is quadratic with respect to
the structure or atomic coordinates. The quadratic surface is a composite of
many harmonic functions with different modes or frequencies. The height of the
activation barrier will be dependent on the mode or frequency, less the
frequency, lower the barrier. So, it is essential to decouple the fluctuational
mode into a hierarchical order. GLMA is impeccable for this purpose.
  It is essential for a theoretical study of chemical reactions to chose a
reaction coordinate along which the reaction proceeds. We suppose that the mode
whose center of coordinate and/or the frequency changes most before and after
the reaction is the one relevant to the chemical reaction, and choose the
coordinate as the reaction coordinate. The rate of reaction along the reaction
coordinate is , which is similar to the Marcus expression for the electron
transfer reaction. In the equation, is the activation barrier defined by ,
where and denote the free energies at equilibrium , and the crossing point ,
respectively, both on the free energy surface of the reactant.


  We study the formation of nanometer thick oxide layers around nanoparticles
(plateaus) in a wet nitrogen environment over 32 days. We determine both the
plateau height and the lateral force needed to remove the particles with an
atomic force microscope (AFM). The height is well described by the Deal-Grove
model for a thermally activated diffusion limited oxidation process.
Furthermore, we observe that height and force appear to be correlated
suggesting that the rise in adhesion forces is mainly governed by an oxidation
process. Since the plateaus are the result of a change in the chemical
structure, the surface remains permanently altered even after the removal of
the nanoparticles. This observation is of great importance for many
applications requiring smooth silicon surfaces, such as photolithography, where
small contamination can cause the observed oxidation process and significantly
increase the surface roughness.


  We compute, to two loops in pertubation theory, the fermionic contribution to
rectangular RxT Wilson loops, for different values of R and T.
  We use the overlap fermionic action. We also employ the clover action, for
comparison with existing results in the literature.
  In the limit R, T -> Infinity our results lead to the shift in the b-quark
mass. We also evaluate the perturbative static potential as T -> Infinity.


  We explore the relationship among three coronal mass ejections (CMEs),
observed on 28 October 2003, 7 November 2004, and 20 January 2005, the type II
burst-associated shock waves in the corona and solar wind, as well as the
arrival of their related shock waves and magnetic clouds at 1 AU. Using six
different coronal/interplanetary density models, we calculate the speeds of
shocks from the frequency drifts observed in metric and decametric radio wave
data. We compare these speeds with the velocity of the CMEs as observed in the
plane-of-the-sky white-light observations and calculated with a cone model for
the 7 November 2004 event. We then follow the propagation of the ejecta using
Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) measurements, which were available for the 7
November 2004 and 20 January 2005 events. Finally, we calculate the travel time
of the interplanetary (IP) shocks between the Sun and Earth and discuss the
velocities obtained from the different data. This study highlights the
difficulties in making velocity estimates that cover the full CME propagation
time.


  A natural connection with totally skew-symmetric torsion on almost contact
manifolds with B-metric is constructed. The class of these manifolds, where the
considered connection exists, is determined. Some curvature properties for this
connection, when the corresponding curvature tensor has the properties of the
curvature tensor for the Levi-Civita connection and the torsion tensor is
parallel, are obtained.


  Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) treat computation of
intermediate feature vectors as trajectories of ordinary differential equation
parameterized by a neural network. In this paper, we propose a novel model,
delay differential neural networks (DDNN), inspired by delay differential
equations (DDEs). The proposed model considers the derivative of the hidden
feature vector as a function of the current feature vector and past feature
vectors (history). The function is modelled as a neural network and
consequently, it leads to continuous depth alternatives to many recent ResNet
variants. We propose two different DDNN architectures, depending on the way
current and past feature vectors are considered. For training DDNNs, we provide
a memory-efficient adjoint method for computing gradients and back-propagate
through the network. DDNN improves the data efficiency of NODE by further
reducing the number of parameters without affecting the generalization
performance. Experiments conducted on synthetic and real-world image
classification datasets such as Cifar10 and Cifar100 show the effectiveness of
the proposed models.


  The proton temperature anisotropy in the solar wind exhibits apparent bounds
which are compatible with the theoretical constraints imposed by
temperature-anisotropy driven kinetic instabilities. Recent statistical
analyses based on conditional averaging indicate that near these theoretical
constraints the solar wind protons have typically enhanced temperatures and a
weaker collisionality. Here we carefully analyze the solar wind data and show
that these results are a consequence of superposition of multiple correlations
in the solar wind, namely, they mostly result from the correlation between the
proton temperature and the solar wind velocity and from the superimposed
anti-correlation between the proton temperature anisotropy and the proton
parallel beta in the fast solar wind. Colder and more collisional data are
distributed around temperature isotropy whereas hotter and less collisional
data have a wider range of the temperature anisotropy anti-correlated with the
proton parallel beta with signatures of constraints owing to the
temperature-anisotropy driven instabilities. However, most of the hot and
weakly collisional data, including the hottest and least collisional ones, lies
far from the marginal stability regions. Consequently, we conclude that there
is no clear relation between the enhanced temperatures and instability
constraints and that the conditional averaging used for these analyses must be
used carefully and need to be well tested.


  The construction of the formal ball model for metric spaces due to Edalat and
Heckmann was generalized to ${\sf Q}$-categories by Kostanek and Waszkiewicz.
This paper concerns the influence of the structure of the quantale ${\sf Q}$ on
the connection between Yoneda completeness of ${\sf Q}$-categories and directed
completeness of their sets of formal balls. In the case that ${\sf Q}$ is the
interval $[0,1]$ equipped with a continuous t-norm $\&$, it is shown that in
order that Yoneda completeness of each ${\sf Q}$-category be equivalent to
directed completeness of its set of formal balls, a necessary and sufficient
condition is that the t-norm $\&$ is Archimedean.


  Nowadays, divertors are used in the main tokamaks to control the magnetic
field and to improve the plasma confinement. In this article, we present
analytical symplectic maps describing Poincar\'e maps of the magnetic field
lines in confined plasmas with a single null poloidal divertor. Initially, we
present a divertor map and the tokamap for a diverted configuration. We also
introduce the Ullmann map for a diverted plasma, whose control parameters are
determined from tokamak experiments. Finally, an explicit, area-preserving and
integrable magnetic field line map for a single-null divertor tokamak is
obtained using a trajectory integration method to represent toroidal
equilibrium magnetic surfaces. In this method, we also give examples of onset
of chaotic field lines at the plasma edge due to resonant perturbations.


  Due to the effort of a number of authors, the value c_u of the absolute
constant factor in the uniform Berry--Esseen (BE) bound for sums of independent
random variables has been gradually reduced to 0.4748 in the iid case and
0.5600 in the general case; both these values were recently obtained by
Shevtsova. On the other hand, Esseen had shown that c_u cannot be less than
0.4097. Thus, the gap factor between the best known upper and lower bounds on
(the least possible value of) c_u is now rather close to 1.
  The situation is quite different for the absolute constant factor c_{nu} in
the corresponding nonuniform BE bound. Namely, the best correctly established
upper bound on c_{nu} in the iid case is about 25 times the corresponding best
known lower bound, and this gap factor is greater than 30 in the general case.
In the present paper, improvements to the prevailing method (going back to S.
Nagaev) of obtaining nonuniform BE bounds are suggested. Moreover, a new method
is presented, of a rather purely Fourier kind, based on a family of smoothing
inequalities, which work better in the tail zones. As an illustration, a quick
proof of Nagaev's nonuniform BE bound is given. Some further refinements in the
application of the method are shown as well.


  An increasing interest in multinucleon transfer processes in low-energy deep
inelastic (damped) collisions of heavy ions appeared in recent years is due, in
part, to by the possibility of using them as a method of production of heavy
neutron-enriched nuclei. Possible promising projectile-target combinations
include nuclei deformed in the ground state (e.g., actinides). Mutual
orientations of such the nuclei in the entrance channel of the reaction may
significantly influence the reaction dynamics. Available experimental data on
multinucleon transfer reactions with statically deformed as well as spherical
heavy nuclei 144Sm + 144Sm, 154Sm + 154Sm, 160Gd + 186W, and 208Pb + 208Pb/238U
have been analyzed within the developed model. A good agreement of the
calculated quantities with the corresponding experimental data is reached.
Special attention in the paper is paid to analysis of production possibility of
the neutron-enriched isotopes of heavy and superheavy elements in multinucleon
transfer processes in the 238U + 238U/248Cm/254Es collisions.


  Motivated by the foam displacement in porous media with linear adsorption, we
extended the existing framework for two-phase flow containing an active tracer
described by a non-strictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws. We solved
the global Riemann problem by presenting possible wave sequences that composed
this solution. Although the problems are well-posedness for all Riemann data,
there is a parameter region where the solution lacks structural stability. We
verified that the model implemented on the most used commercial solver for
geoscience, CMG-STARS, describing foam displacement in porous media with
adsorption satisfies the hypotheses to apply the developed theory, resulting in
structural stability loss for some parameter regions.


  Developing the analysis of the distribution of the particle's
position-momentum dot product, the so-called \textit{posmom} $\mathbf{x}% \cdot
\mathbf{p}$\textbf{,} to quantum states on a circular circle on two-dimensional
Cartesian coordinates, we give its posmometry (introduced recently by Y. A.
Bernard and P. M. W. Gill, Posmom: The Unobserved Observable, J. Phys. Chem.
Lett. 1\textbf{(}2010\textbf{)}1254) for eigenstates of the free motion on the
circle, i.e., $z$-axis component of the angular momentum. The posmom has two
parity symmetries, specifically, invariant under two operations $m_{x}$ and
$m_{y}$ representing mirror symmetry about $x$ and $y$ axis respectively. The
complete eigenfunction set of the posmom is then four-valued and consists of
four basic parts each of them is defined within a distinct quadrant of the
circle. The results are not only potentially experimentally testable, but also
reflect a fact that the embedding of the circle $S^{1}$ in two-dimensional flat
space $R^{2}$ is physically reasonable.


  This paper studies extension groups between certain Weyl modules for the
algebraic group GL_n over the integers. Main results include: (1) A complete
determination of Ext groups between Weyl modules whose highest weights differ
by a single root and (2) Determination of Ext^1 between an exterior power of
the defining representation and any Weyl module. The significance of these
results for modular representation theory of GL_n is discussed in several
Remarks. Notably the first result leads to a calculation of Ext groups between
neighboring Weyl modules for GL_n and also recovers the GL_n case of a recent
result of Andersen. Some generalities about Ext groups between Weyl modules and
a brief overview of known results about these groups are also included.


  Based on the result of an unzipping phase transition by a force in a model of
DNA, we hypothesize that the DnaA-type proteins act as a pulling agent with a
force slightly less than the critical force for unzipping. The dynamic
(space-time) correlation of unzipping then drives the subsequent events of
replication. In such a correlation driven scenario, there is no need of a
replisome as a structural unit and this elusive replisome may not exist at all.


  Multicast routing is considered as one of the most important process in
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) to enable video sharing and data dissemination.
Multicast routing can be used without any difficulties if a medium can be
accessed by any transmitter at any given time. Unfortunately, challenges such
as the unexpected behavior of primary users (PUs) and their access priority as
well as network heterogeneity may appear in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In
this thesis, we propose a multi-layer multicast routing protocol for multi-hop
mobile Ad Hoc CRN based on the concept of the minimum spanning tree (MST) and
the shortest path tree (SPT). The proposed algorithm employs the probability of
success (POS) metric in performing the channel assignment process. Simulations
experiments were conducted, to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed
scheme, compare the performance of the proposed scheme with
the-state-of-the-art schemes, and study the performance of the proposed scheme
under various network conditions in terms of throughput and packet delivery
rate (PDR). Simulations results show that the SPT outperforms MST in term of
throughput all the time.


  Diffusion limits provide a framework for the asymptotic analysis of
stochastic gradient descent (SGD) schemes used in machine learning. We consider
an alternative framework, the Riemannian Langevin equation (RLE), that
generalizes the classical paradigm of equilibration in R^n to a Riemannian
manifold (M^n, g). The most subtle part of this equation is the description of
Brownian motion on (M^n, g). Explicit formulas are presented for some
fundamental cones.


  We address the problem of dynamic output feedback stabilization at an
unobservable target point. The challenge lies in according the antagonistic
nature of the objective and the properties of the system: the system tends to
be less observable as it approaches the target. We illustrate two main ideas:
well chosen perturbations of a state feedback law can yield new observability
properties of the closed-loop system, and embedding systems into bilinear
systems admitting observers with dissipative error systems allows to mitigate
the observability issues. We apply them on a case of systems with linear
dynamics and nonlinear observation map and make use of an ad hoc
finite-dimensional embedding. More generally, we introduce a new strategy based
on infinite-dimensional unitary embeddings. To do so, we extend the usual
definition of dynamic output feedback stabilization in order to allow
infinite-dimensional observers fed by the output. We show how this technique,
based on representation theory, may be applied to achieve output feedback
stabilization at an unobservable target.


This paper has been withdrawn by the authors.


  The renormalized spectral zeta function of the quantum Rabi Hamiltonian is
considered. It is shown that the renormalized spectral zeta function converges
to the Riemann zeta function as the coupling constant goes to infinity.
Moreover the path measure associated with the ground state of the quantum Rabi
Hamiltonian is constructed on a discontinuous path space, and several
applications are shown.


  We show that the universal $\alpha$-attractor models of inflation can be
realized by including an auxiliary vector field $A_{\mu}$ for the Starobinsky
model with the Lagrangian $f(R)=R+R^2/(6M^2)$. If the same procedure is applied
to general modified $f(R)$ theories in which the Ricci scalar $R$ is replaced
by $R+A_{\mu} A^{\mu}+\beta \nabla_{\mu}A^{\mu}$ with constant $\beta$, we
obtain the Brans-Dicke theory with a scalar potential and the Brans-Dicke
parameter $\omega_{\rm BD}=\beta^2/4$. We also place observational constraints
on inflationary models based on auxiliary vector modified $f(R)$ theories from
the latest Planck measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
anisotropies in both temperature and polarization. In the modified Starobinsky
model, we find that the parameter $\beta$ is constrained to be $\beta<25$
(68\,\%\,confidence level) from the bounds of the scalar spectral index and the
tensor-to-scalar ratio.


  We develop a method to solve, theoretically and numerically, general optimal
stopping problems. Our general setting allows for multiple exercise rights,
i.e., optimal multiple stopping, for a robust evaluation that accounts for
model uncertainty, and for general reward processes driven by multi-dimensional
jump-diffusions. Our approach relies on first establishing robust martingale
dual representation results for the multiple stopping problem that satisfy
appealing pathwise optimality (i.e., almost sure) properties. Next, we exploit
these theoretical results to develop upper and lower bounds that, as we
formally show, not only converge to the true solution asymptotically, but also
constitute genuine pre-limiting upper and lower bounds. We illustrate the
applicability of our approach in a few examples and analyze the impact of model
uncertainty on optimal multiple stopping strategies.


  The FlatDot detector has been used to demonstrate the separation of Cherenkov
and scintillation light for 1 to 2MeV electrons in linear alkylbenzene (LAB).
With an average PMT transit time spread (TTS) of 200ps, the early light in each
event is clearly dominated by the Cherenkov signal, which on average comprises
$86^{+2}_{-3}\%$ of the light collected in the first 4.1ns of each event. The
spatial distributions of the Cherenkov and scintillation light are found to
match those predicted in Monte Carlo simulations. This is a key step towards
demonstrating direction reconstruction of $\beta$ decays, a technique that
could reduce $^8$B solar neutrino backgrounds for neutrinoless double-beta
decay experiments in liquid scintillator.


  This report is based on a series of papers written between 1980 and 2005 on
the origin of Iraq's nuclear weapons program, which was known to one of the
authors in the late 1970s already, as well as to a number of other physicists,
who independently tried without success to inform their governments and the
public.
  It is concluded that at no point did the Western governments effectively try
to stop Iraq's nuclear weapons program, which suggests that its existence was
useful as a foreign policy tool, as is confirmed by its use as a major
justification to wage two wars on Iraq.


  The Raman spectra on the cleaved surface of La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ is found
to be different from those on the mechanically polished or chemically etched
surface. On the cleaved surface, the step-like increase of the scattering
intensity below 700 cm$^{-1}$ is washed away and the two-phonon peaks are
preserved clearly even at the optimum doping. The difference is demonstrated on
the optimally doped crystal at x=0.15 and the stripe phase crystal at x=0.115.
The stripe phase is stabilized by defects induced by mechanical polishing.


  Quantum mechanics (QM) theoretically forbids natural H-antiH interactions
because of annihilation in the Dirac sense. But in practice, ab initio QM
relies explicitly on HantiH attraction, which it theoretically forbids, to
arrive at attractive forces in the molecular hydrogen cation, given away by the
cusp in its PEC (potential energy curve) at exactly 1,06 Angstrom. This
internal inconsistency in QM is easily removed by lifting its irrational ban on
natural antihydrogen.


  Let $f(n)$ be a strongly additive complex valued arithmetic function. Under
mild conditions on $f$, we prove the following weighted strong law of large
numbers: if $ X,X_1,X_2,... $ is any sequence of integrable i.i.d. random
variables, then $$ \lim_{N\to \infty} {\sum_{n=1}^N f(n) X_n \over\sum_{n=1}^N
f(n)} \buildrel{a.s.}\over{=} \E X . $$


  Despite all advances in multi-dimensional hydrodynamics, investigations of
stellar evolution and stellar pulsations still depend on one-dimensional
computations. The present work devises an alternative to the mixing length
theory or turbulence models usually adopted for the modelling of convective
transport in such studies. Assuming that the largest convective patterns
generate the majority of convective transport, the convective velocity field is
described using two parallel radial columns to represent up- and downstream
flows. Horizontal exchange in the form of fluid flow and radiation over their
connecting interface couples the two columns and allows a simple circulating
motion. The main parameters of this convective description have a
straightforward geometrical meaning, namely the diameter of the columns
(corresponding to the size of the convective cells) and the ratio of cross
section between up- and downdrafts. For this geometrical setup, the
time-dependent solution of the equations of radiation hydrodynamics is computed
from an implicit scheme which has the advantage of being not affected by the
Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy time step limit. In order to demonstrate the approach,
results for the example of convection zones in Cepheids are presented.


  We provide a theoretical description of synchrotron fluctuations arising from
magnetic turbulence. We derive an expression that relates the correlation of
synchrotron fluctuations for an arbitrary index of relativistic electrons with
the correlations of squared fluctuations of magnetic field component
perpendicular to the line of sight. The latter correlations we study assuming
that the turbulence is axisymmetric. We obtain general relations valid for an
arbitrary model of magnetic turbulence and analyse the relations for particular
example of magnetic turbulence that is supported by numerical simulations. We
predict that the synchrotron intensity fluctuations are anisotropic with larger
correlation present along the direction of magnetic field. This anisotropy is
dominated by the quadrupole component with the ratio between quadrupole and
monopole parts being sensitive to the compressibility of underlying turbulence.
Our work opens avenues for quantitative studies of magnetic turbulence in our
galaxy and beyond using synchrotron emission. It also outlines the directions
of how synchrotron foreground emission can be separated from cosmological
signal, i.e. from CMB or highly redshifted HI emission. For the sake of
completeness we also provide the expressions for the synchrotron polarization
(Stocks parameters and their combinations) for the model of axisymmetric
magnetic turbulence.


  It is shown whether Higgs inflation can be saved with high-scale
supersymmetry critically depends on the magnitude of non-minimal coupling
constant $\xi$. For small $\xi \leq 500$, the threshold correction at scale
$M_{P}/\xi$ is constrained in high precision.Its magnitude is in the narrow
range of $(-0.03, -0.02)$ and $(-0.05, -0.04)$ for the wino and
higgsino/singlino dark matter, respectively. While in the large $\xi$-region
with $\xi \geq 10^{4}$, such high-scale supersymmetry is excluded by too large
threshold correction as required by Higgs inflation.


  We study some properties of $SU_n$ endowed with the Frobenius metric $\phi$,
which is, up to a positive constant multiple, the unique bi-invariant
Riemannian metric on $SU_n$. In particular we express the distance between $P,
Q \in SU_n$ in terms of eigenvalues of $P^*Q$; we compute the diameter of
$(SU_n, \phi)$ and we determine its diametral pairs; we prove that the set of
all minimizing geodesic segments with endpoints $P$, $Q$ can be parametrized by
means of a compact connected submanifold of $\mathfrak{su}_n$, diffeomorphic to
a suitable complex Grassmannian depending on $P$ and $Q$.


  Current facial expression recognition methods fail to simultaneously cope
with pose and subject variations.
  In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised adversarial domain adaptation
method which can alleviate both variations at the same time. Specially, our
method consists of three learning strategies: adversarial domain adaptation
learning, cross adversarial feature learning, and reconstruction learning. The
first aims to learn pose- and expression-related feature representations in the
source domain and adapt both feature distributions to that of the target domain
by imposing adversarial learning. By using personalized adversarial domain
adaptation, this learning strategy can alleviate subject variations and exploit
information from the source domain to help learning in the target domain.
  The second serves to perform feature disentanglement between pose- and
expression-related feature representations by impulsing pose-related feature
representations expression-undistinguished and the expression-related feature
representations pose-undistinguished.
  The last can further boost feature learning by applying face image
reconstructions so that the learned expression-related feature representations
are more pose- and identity-robust.
  Experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness
of the proposed method.


  We investigate the timescales for stochasticity and chaotic mixing in a
family of triaxial potentials that mimic the distribution of light in
elliptical galaxies. Some of the models include central point masses designed
to represent nuclear black holes. Most of the boxlike orbits are found to be
stochastic, with mean Liapunov times that are 3-6 times the period of the
long-axis orbit. In models with large cores or small black holes, the
stochastic orbits mimic regular box orbits for hundreds of oscillations at
least. However a small core radius or significant black hole mass causes most
of the stochastic orbits to diffuse through phase space on the same timescale,
visiting a significant fraction of the volume beneath the equipotential
surface. We estimate timescales for chaotic mixing in the more strongly
stochastic models by evolving ensembles of 10^4 points until their distribution
reaches a nearly steady state. Mixing initially takes place rapidly, with
characteristic times of 10-30 dynamical times, as the phase points fill a
region similar in shape to that of a box orbit. Subsequent mixing is slower,
with characteristic times of hundreds of orbital times. Mixing rates were found
to be enhanced by the addition of modest force perturbations. The consequences
for the structure and evolution of elliptical galaxies are discussed.


  We summarize results on the reliability of the eikonal approximation in
obtaining the high energy behavior of a two particle forward scattering
amplitude. Reliability depends on the spin of the exchanged field. For scalar
fields the eikonal fails at eighth order in perturbation theory, when it misses
the leading behavior of the exchange-type diagrams. In a vector theory the
eikonal gets the exchange diagrams correctly, but fails by ignoring certain
non-exchange graphs which dominate the asymptotic behavior of the full
amplitude. For spin--2 tensor fields the eikonal captures the leading behavior
of each order in perturbation theory, but the sum of eikonal terms is
subdominant to graphs neglected by the approximation. We also comment on the
eikonal for Yang-Mills vector exchange, where the additional complexities of
the non-abelian theory may be absorbed into Regge-type modifications of the
gauge boson propagators.


  The current dominated wearable body motion sensor is IMU. This work presented
an alternative wearable motion-sensing approach: human body capacitance (HBC,
also commonly defined as body-area electric field). While being less robust in
tracking the posture and trajectory, HBC has two properties that make it an
attractive. First, the deployment of the sensing node on the being tracked body
part is not a requirement for HBC sensing approach. Second, HBC is sensitive to
the body's interaction with its surroundings, including both touching and being
in the immediate proximity of people and objects. We first described the
sensing principle for HBC, sensor architecture and implementation, and methods
for evaluation. We then presented two case studies demonstrating the usefulness
of HBC as a complement/alternative to IMUs. First, we explored the exercise
recognition and repetition counting of seven machine-free leg-only exercises
and eleven general gym workouts with the signal source of HBC and IMU. The HBC
sensing shows significant advantages over the IMU signals in
classification(0.89 vs 0.78 in F-score) and counting(0.982 vs 0.938 in
accuracy) of the leg-only exercises. For the general gym workouts, HBC only
shows recognition improvement for certain workouts like adductor where legs
alone complete the movement. And it also supplies better results over the IMU
for workouts counting(0.800 vs. 0.756 when wearing the sensors on the wrist).
In the second case, we tried to recognize actions related to manipulating
objects and physical collaboration between users by using a wrist-worn HBC
sensing unit. We detected collaboration between the users with 0.69 F-score
when receiving data from a single user and 0.78 when receiving data from both
users. The capacitive sensor can improve the recognition of collaborative
activities with an F-score over a single wrist accelerometer approach by 16\%.


  Recently, video diffusion models (VDMs) have garnered significant attention
due to their notable advancements in generating coherent and realistic video
content. However, processing multiple frame features concurrently, coupled with
the considerable model size, results in high latency and extensive memory
consumption, hindering their broader application. Post-training quantization
(PTQ) is an effective technique to reduce memory footprint and improve
computational efficiency. Unlike image diffusion, we observe that the temporal
features, which are integrated into all frame features, exhibit pronounced
skewness. Furthermore, we investigate significant inter-channel disparities and
asymmetries in the activation of video diffusion models, resulting in low
coverage of quantization levels by individual channels and increasing the
challenge of quantization. To address these issues, we introduce the first PTQ
strategy tailored for video diffusion models, dubbed QVD. Specifically, we
propose the High Temporal Discriminability Quantization (HTDQ) method, designed
for temporal features, which retains the high discriminability of quantized
features, providing precise temporal guidance for all video frames. In
addition, we present the Scattered Channel Range Integration (SCRI) method
which aims to improve the coverage of quantization levels across individual
channels. Experimental validations across various models, datasets, and
bit-width settings demonstrate the effectiveness of our QVD in terms of diverse
metrics. In particular, we achieve near-lossless performance degradation on
W8A8, outperforming the current methods by 205.12 in FVD.


  We find necessary and sufficient conditions on the function $\Phi$ for the
inequality $$\Big|\int_\Omega \Phi(K*f)\Big|\lesssim
\|f\|_{L_1(\mathbb{R}^d)}^p$$ to be true. Here $K$ is a positively homogeneous
of order $\alpha - d$, possibly vector valued, kernel, $\Phi$ is a
$p$-homogeneous function, and $p=d/(d-\alpha)$. The domain $\Omega\subset
\mathbb{R}^d$ is either bounded with $C^{1,\beta}$ smooth boundary for some
$\beta > 0$ or a halfspace in $\mathbb{R}^d$. As a corollary, we describe the
positively homogeneous of order $d/(d-1)$ functions $\Phi\colon \mathbb{R}^d
\to \mathbb{R}$ that are suitable for the bound $$\Big|\int_\Omega \Phi(\nabla
u)\Big|\lesssim \int_\Omega |\Delta u|.$$


  Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) have provided a realistic solution to an
over-arching problem in many fields that deal with constraint logic
programming: how to combine recursive functions or relations with constraints
while avoiding non-termination problems. This paper focuses on some other
benefits that CHR, specifically their implementation in SICStus Prolog, have
provided to computational linguists working on grammar design tools. CHR rules
are applied by means of a subsumption check and this check is made only when
their variables are instantiated or bound. The former functionality is at best
difficult to simulate using more primitive coroutining statements such as
SICStus when/2, and the latter simply did not exist in any form before CHR.
  For the sake of providing a case study in how these can be applied to grammar
development, we consider the Attribute Logic Engine (ALE), a Prolog
preprocessor for logic programming with typed feature structures, and its
extension to a complete grammar development system for Head-driven Phrase
Structure Grammar (HPSG), a popular constraint-based linguistic theory that
uses typed feature structures. In this context, CHR can be used not only to
extend the constraint language of feature structure descriptions to include
relations in a declarative way, but also to provide support for constraints
with complex antecedents and constraints on the co-occurrence of feature values
that are necessary to interpret the type system of HPSG properly.


  The role of feedback in the self-regulation of star formation is a
fundamental question in astrophysics. The Orion Nebula is the nearest site of
ongoing and recent massive star formation. It is a unique laboratory for the
study of stellar feedback. Recent SOFIA [CII] 158 $\mu$m observations revealed
an expanding bubble, the Veil shell, being powered by stellar winds and
ionization feedback. We have identified a protrusion-like substructure in the
Northwest portion of the Orion Veil Shell that may indicate additional feedback
mechanisms that are highly directional. Our goal is to investigate the origin
of the protrusion by quantifying its possible driving mechanisms. We use the
[CII] 158 $\mu$m map of the Orion Nebula obtained with the upGREAT instrument
onboard SOFIA. The spectral and spatial resolution of the observations are 0.3
km/s and 16 arcsec, respectively.
  We consider three possible origins for this protrusion: Fossil outflow
cavities created by jets/outflows during the protostellar accretion phase,
pre-existing clumpiness in the OMC-1 core, and the stellar wind during the main
sequence phase. Based on the energetics and the morphology, we conclude that
the northwestern part of the pre-existing cloud was locally perturbed by
outflows ejected from massive protostars in the Trapezium cluster. This
suggests that the protrusion of the Veil is the result of mechanical rather
than radiative feedback. Furthermore, we argue that the location of the
protrusion is a suitable place to break the Orion Veil owing to the
photo-ablation from the walls of the protrusion. We conclude that the outflows
of massive protostars can influence the morphology of the future \hii\,region
and even cause breakages in the ionization front. Specifically, the interaction
of stellar winds of main-sequence stars with the molecular core pre-processed
by the protostellar jet is important.


  We study slowly pulling block-spring models in random media. Second-order
phase transitions exist in a model pulled by a constant force in the case of
velocity-strengthening friction. If external forces are slowly increased,
nearly critical states are self-organized. Slips of various sizes occur, and
the probability distributions of slip size roughly obey power laws. The
exponent is close to that in the quenched Edwards--Wilkinson model.
Furthermore, the slip-size distributions are investigated in cases of Coulomb
friction, velocity-weakening friction.


  With a mass in the Neptune regime and a radius of Jupiter, WASP-107b presents
a challenge to planet formation theories. Meanwhile, the planet's low surface
gravity and the star's brightness also make it one of the most favorable
targets for atmospheric characterization. Here, we present the results of an
extensive 4-year Keck/HIRES radial-velocity (RV) follow-up program of the
WASP-107 system and provide a detailed study of the physics governing the
accretion of its gas envelope. We reveal that WASP-107b's mass is only 1.8
Neptune masses ($M_b = 30.5 \pm 1.7$ $M_\oplus$). The resulting extraordinarily
low density suggests that WASP-107b has a H/He envelope mass fraction of $>
85$% unless it is substantially inflated. The corresponding core mass of $<4.6$
$M_\oplus$ at 3$\sigma$ is significantly lower than what is traditionally
assumed to be necessary to trigger massive gas envelope accretion. We
demonstrate that this large gas-to-core mass ratio most plausibly results from
the onset of accretion at $\gtrsim 1$ AU onto a low-opacity, dust-free
atmosphere and subsequent migration to the present-day $a_b = 0.0566 \pm
0.0017$ AU. Beyond WASP-107b, we also detect a second more massive planet ($M_c
\sin i = 0.36 \pm 0.04$ $M_{J}$) on a wide eccentric orbit ($e_c = 0.28 \pm
0.07$) which may have influenced the orbital migration and spin-orbit
misalignment of WASP-107b. Overall, our new RV observations and envelope
accretion modeling provide crucial insights into the intriguing nature of
WASP-107b and the system's formation history. Looking ahead, WASP-107b will be
a keystone planet to understand the physics of gas envelope accretion.


  We review the application of torsion in field theory. First we show how the
notion of torsion emerges in differential geometry. In the context of a Cartan
circuit, torsion is related to translations similar as curvature to rotations.
Cartan's investigations started by analyzing Einsteins general relativity
theory and by taking recourse to the theory of Cosserat continua. In these
continua, the points of which carry independent translational and rotational
degrees of freedom, there occur, besides ordinary (force) stresses,
additionally spin moment stresses. In a 3-dimensional continuized crystal with
dislocation lines, a linear connection can be introduced that takes the crystal
lattice structure as a basis for parallelism. Such a continuum has similar
properties as a Cosserat continuum, and the dislocation density is equal to the
torsion of this connection. Subsequently, these ideas are applied to
4-dimensional spacetime. A translational gauge theory of gravity is displayed
(in a Weitzenboeck or teleparallel spacetime) as well as the viable
Einstein-Cartan theory (in a Riemann-Cartan spacetime). In both theories, the
notion of torsion is contained in an essential way. Cartan's spiral staircase
is described as a 3-dimensional Euclidean model for a space with torsion, and
eventually some controversial points are discussed regarding the meaning of
torsion.


  We present the first neutron star merger simulations performed with the newly
developed Numerical Relativity code SPHINCS_BSSN. This code evolves the
spacetime on a mesh using the BSSN formulation, but matter is evolved via
Lagrangian particles according to a high-accuracy version of
general-relativistic Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Our code contains a
number of new methodological elements compared to other Numerical Relativity
codes. The main focus here is on the new elements that were introduced to model
neutron star mergers. These include a) a refinement (fixed in time) of the
spacetime-mesh, b) corresponding changes in the particle--mesh mapping
algorithm and c) a novel way to construct SPH initial data for binary systems
via the recently developed "Artificial Pressure Method." This latter method
makes use of the spectral initial data produced by the library LORENE, and is
implemented in a new code called SPHINCS_ID. While our main focus is on
introducing these new methodological elements and documenting the current
status of SPHINCS_BSSN, we also show as a first application a set of neutron
star merger simulations employing "soft" ($\Gamma=2.00$) and "stiff"
($\Gamma=2.75$) polytropic equations of state.


  Neutrinos with energy of order 10~MeV, such as from pion decay-at-rest
sources, are an invaluable tool for studying low-energy neutrino interactions
with nuclei -- previously enabling the first measurement of coherent elastic
neutrino-nucleus scattering. Beyond elastic scattering, neutrinos and dark
matter in this energy range also excite nuclei to its low-lying nuclear states,
providing an additional physics channel. Here, we consider neutral-current
inelastic neutrino-nucleus and dark matter(DM)-nucleus scattering off
$^{40}$Ar, $^{133}$Cs, and $^{127}$I nuclei that are relevant to a number of
low-threshold neutrino experiments at pion decay-at-rest facilities. We carry
out large scale nuclear shell model calculations of the inelastic cross
sections considering the full set of electroweak multipole operators. Our
results demonstrate that Gamow-Teller transitions provide the dominant
contribution to the cross section and that the long-wavelength limit provides a
reasonable approximation to the total cross section for neutrino sources. We
show that future experiments will be sensitive to this channel and thus these
results provide additional neutrino and DM scattering channels to explore at
pion decay-at-rest facilities.


  Contrary to popular belief, the Zeeman effect can be treated exactly in
single-electron systems, for arbitrary magnetic field strengths, as long as the
term quadratic in the magnetic field can be ignored. These formulas were
actually derived already around 1927 by Darwin, using the classical picture of
angular momentum, and presented in their proper quantum-mechanical form in 1933
by Bethe, although without any proof. The expressions have since been more or
less lost from the literature; instead, the conventional treatment nowadays is
to present only the approximations for weak and strong fields, respectively.
However, in fusion research and other plasma physics applications, the magnetic
fields applied to control the shape and position of the plasma span the entire
region from weak to strong fields, and there is a need for a unified treatment.
In this paper we present the detailed quantum-mechanical derivation of the
exact eigenenergies and eigenstates of hydrogen-like atoms and ions in a static
magnetic field. Notably, these formulas are not much more complicated than the
better-known approximations. Moreover, the derivation allows the value of the
electron spin gyromagnetic ratio $g_s$ to be different from 2. For
completeness, we then review the details of dipole transitions between two
hydrogenic levels, and calculate the corresponding Zeeman spectrum. The various
approximations made in the derivation are also discussed in details.


  The increasingly pervasive facial recognition (FR) systems raise serious
concerns about personal privacy, especially for billions of users who have
publicly shared their photos on social media. Several attempts have been made
to protect individuals from being identified by unauthorized FR systems
utilizing adversarial attacks to generate encrypted face images. However,
existing methods suffer from poor visual quality or low attack success rates,
which limit their utility. Recently, diffusion models have achieved tremendous
success in image generation. In this work, we ask: can diffusion models be used
to generate adversarial examples to improve both visual quality and attack
performance? We propose DiffProtect, which utilizes a diffusion autoencoder to
generate semantically meaningful perturbations on FR systems. Extensive
experiments demonstrate that DiffProtect produces more natural-looking
encrypted images than state-of-the-art methods while achieving significantly
higher attack success rates, e.g., 24.5% and 25.1% absolute improvements on the
CelebA-HQ and FFHQ datasets.


  In this paper we study the impact of data that can be obtained from a Charm
Factory on the determination of the CKM parameter gamma from decays of the form
B -> D0 K where the D0 decays to specific inclusive and exclusive final states.
In particular, for each exclusive final state $f$, the charm factory can
determine the strong phase difference between D0-> f and D0-bar -> f by
exploiting correlations in psi(3770)-> D0 D0-bar. This provides crucial input
to the determination of gamma via the interference of B+- -> K+- D0 -> f with
B+- -> K+- D0-bar -> f. We discuss how the method may be generalized to
inclusive final states and illustrate with a toy model how such methods may
offer one of the best means to determine gamma with 10^8-10^9 B-mesons.


  This report describes the conceptual design of a $\gamma\gamma$ Higgs factory
in which 62.8 GeV electron beams collide with 1 keV X-ray free electron laser
(XFEL) beams to produce colliding beams of 62.5 GeV photons. The Higgs boson
production rate is 80,000 Higgs bosons per 10$^7$ second year, roughly the same
as the ILC Higgs rate at $\sqrt{s}$=250 GeV. The electron accelerator is based
on cold copper distributed coupling (C$^3$) accelerator technology. Unlike the
center-of-mass energy spectra of previous optical wavelength $\gamma\gamma$
collider designs, the sharply peaked $\gamma\gamma$ center-of-mass energy
spectrum of XCC produces model independent Higgs coupling measurements with
precision on par with $e^+e^-$ colliders. For the triple Higgs coupling
measurement, the XCC center-of-mass energy can be upgraded to 380 GeV, where
the cross section for $\gamma\gamma\rightarrow HH$ is twice that of $e^+e^-
\rightarrow ZHH$ at $\sqrt{s}$=500 GeV. Design challenges are discussed, along
with the R\&D to address them, including demonstrators.


  Conventional intelligent systems based on deep neural network (DNN) models
encounter challenges in achieving human-like continual learning due to
catastrophic forgetting. Here, we propose a metaplasticity model inspired by
human working memory, enabling DNNs to perform catastrophic forgetting-free
continual learning without any pre- or post-processing. A key aspect of our
approach involves implementing distinct types of synapses from stable to
flexible, and randomly intermixing them to train synaptic connections with
different degrees of flexibility. This strategy allowed the network to
successfully learn a continuous stream of information, even under unexpected
changes in input length. The model achieved a balanced tradeoff between memory
capacity and performance without requiring additional training or structural
modifications, dynamically allocating memory resources to retain both old and
new information. Furthermore, the model demonstrated robustness against data
poisoning attacks by selectively filtering out erroneous memories, leveraging
the Hebb repetition effect to reinforce the retention of significant data.


  Recent years have been marked by substantial changes in our understanding of
magnetic turbulence and magnetic reconnection, which, in its turn induced
better understanding of cosmic ray diffusion and acceleration. Current models
of magnetized turbulence are no more ad hoc constructions, but numerically
tested theories. In this very short review we summarize topics presented in two
talks given at the conference and provide a brief sketch of the vast and
rapidly developing field. We discuss how turbulence decreases the efficient
mean free path of the particles in the collisionless plasmas in galaxy clusters
and claim that this makes MHD turbulence description applicable to a wider
range of scales. We discuss the properties of MHD turbulence and its relation
to magnetic reconnection. Finally, we overview how turbulence induces particle
acceleration via second order Fermi process and affects first order Fermi
acceleration in shocks and reconnection regions.


  We discuss a metric description of the divergence of a (projectively) Anosov
flow in dimension 3, in terms of its associated growth rates and give metric
and contact geometric characterizations of when a projectively Anosov flow is
Anosov. Then, we study the symmetries that the existence of an invariant volume
form yields on the geometry of an Anosov flow, from various viewpoints of the
theory of contact hyperbolas, Reeb dynamics and Liouville geometry, and give
characterizations of when an Anosov flow is volume preserving in terms of those
theories. We finally use our study to show that the bi-contact surgery
operations of Salmoiraghi can be applied in an arbitrary small neighborhood of
a periodic orbit of any Anosov flow. In particular, we conclude that the
Goodman surgery of Anosov flows can be performed using a bi-contact surgery of
Salmoiraghi.


  We consider here special closed electron trajectories that arise during
reconstructions of electron dynamics on the Fermi surface in the presence of
strong magnetic fields, as well as the phenomenon of intraband magnetic
breakdown that occurs on such trajectories. We consider cases where the
electronic spectrum arising in such a situation corresponds to the resonant
contribution to quantum oscillations. In the paper, all cases where this occurs
are singled out, and the possible influence of the appearance of the Berry
phase and other effects on the described phenomena is also considered.


  A theoretical study of the thermoelectric current and energy harvesting in an
interacting double quantum dot system, connected to reservoirs held at
different chemical potentials and temperatures is presented. Using a
rate-equation approach, the current is evaluated for different energetic
configurations of the double quantum dot. We discuss in detail the
current-temperature gradient relations (the thermoelectric analog to
current-voltage relations), and demonstrate that, due to interactions, the
current is non-monotonically dependent on thermal bias. This
interaction-induced non-monotonicity influences the possibility of harvesting
thermal energy from the double-quantum dot, and it is shown that in some
configurations, energy cannot be harvested at all. We analyze the conditions
under which energy can indeed be harvested and converted to useful electrical
power, and the optimal conditions for thermoelectric energy conversion.


  Many insurance products and pension plans provide benefits which are related
to couples, and thus under influence of the survival status of two lives. Some
studies show the future lifetime of couples is correlated. Three reasons are
available to confirm this fact: (1) catastrophe events that affect both lives,
(2) the impact of spousal death and (3) the long-term association due to common
life style. Dependence between lifetimes of couples could have a financial
impact on insurance companies and pension plans providers. In this paper, we
use a health index called physiological age in a Markov process context by that
we model aging process of joint and last survivor statuses. Under this model,
future joint lifetime of couples follows a bivariate phase-type distribution.
The model has physical interpretation and closed-form expressions for actuarial
quantities and owns tractable computation for the other ones. We use the model
to pricing products relevant to couples annuities and life insurances.


  High quality measurements are paramount to a successful application of
experimental techniques in structural dynamics. The presence of noise and
disturbances can significantly distort the information stored in the data and,
if not adequately treated, may result in erroneous findings and misleading
predictions. A common technique to filter out noise relies on decomposing the
dataset into singular components sorted by their degree of significance.
Discarding low-value contributions helps to clean the data and remove
spuriousness. This paper presents PRANK, a novel singular value-based
reconstruction approach for multiple response vibration datasets. PRANK
integrates the effect of Principal Response Functions and Hankel filtering
actions, resulting in an improved data reconstruction for both system poles and
zeros. The proposed formulation is tested on both analytical and numerical
examples, showcasing its robustness, efficiency and versatility. PRANK operates
with both time- and frequency-based data. Applied to noisy full-field camera
measurements, the filter delivered excellent performance, indicating its
potential for various identification tasks and applications in vibration
analysis.


  We investigate whether there could exist topological invariants of gapped 2D
materials related to dissipationless thermoelectric transport at low
temperatures. We give both macroscopic and microscopic arguments showing that
thermoelectric transport coefficients vanish in the limit of zero temperature
and thus topological invariants arise only from the electric Hall conductance
and the thermal Hall conductance. Our arguments apply to systems with
arbitrarily strong interactions. We also show that there is no analog of the
Thouless pump for entropy.


  Android applications collecting data from users must protect it according to
the current legal frameworks. Such data protection has become even more
important since the European Union rolled out the General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR). Since app developers are not legal experts, they find it
difficult to write privacy-aware source code. Moreover, they have limited tool
support to reason about data protection throughout their app development
process.
  This paper motivates the need for a static analysis approach to diagnose and
explain data protection in Android apps. The analysis will recognize personal
data sources in the source code, and aims to further examine the data flow
originating from these sources. App developers can then address key questions
about data manipulation, derived data, and the presence of technical measures.
Despite challenges, we explore to what extent one can realize this analysis
through static taint analysis, a common method for identifying security
vulnerabilities. This is a first step towards designing a tool-based approach
that aids app developers and assessors in ensuring data protection in Android
apps, based on automated static program analysis.


  We have discovered T Tauri stars which show startling spectral variability
between observations seperated by 20 years. In spectra published by Bouvier &
Appenzeller (1992) these objects showed very weak H-alpha emission, broad CaII
absorption and so called ``composite spectra'', where the spectral type
inferred from the blue region is earlier than that inferred from the red. We
present here new spectroscopy which shows that all four stars now exhibit
strong H-alpha emission, narrow CaII emission and a spectral type which is
consistent at all wavelengths.
  We propose a scheme to understand these changes whereby the composite spectra
of these stars can be explained by a period of active accretion onto the
central, young star. In this scheme the composite spectrum consists of a
contribution from the stellar photosphere and a contribution from a hot,
optically thick, accretion component. The optically thick nature of the
accretion flow explains the weakness of the H-alpha emission during this phase.
Within this scheme, the change to a single spectral type at all wavelengths and
emergence of strong H-alpha emission are consistent with the accretion columns
becoming optically thin, as the accretion rate drops. There is a strong analogy
here with the dwarf novae class of interacting binaries, which show similar
behaviour during the decline from outbursts of high mass-transfer rate.
  The most important consequence of this interpretation is that these objects
bring into question the association of Weak-Line T Tauri stars (WTTs) with
non-accreting or discless objects. In light of this result we consider the
justification for this paradigm.


  We consider nebulae which are created around binary systems containing
rotation powered pulsars and companion stars with strong stellar winds. It is
proposed that the stellar and pulsar winds have to mix at some distance from
the binary system, defined by the orbital period of the companion stars and the
velocity of the stellar wind. The mixed pulsar-stellar wind expands with a
specific velocity determined by the pulsar power and the mass loss rate of the
companion star. Relativistic particles, either from the inner pulsar
magnetosphere and/or accelerated at the shocks between stellar and pulsar
winds, are expected to be captured and isotropized in the reference frame of
the mixed wind. Therefore, they can efficiently comptonize stellar radiation
producing GeV-TeV $\gamma$-rays in the inverse Compton process. We calculate
the $\gamma$-ray spectra expected in such scenario for the two example binary
systems: J1816+4510 which is the redback type millisecond binary and LS 5039
which is supposed to contain energetic pulsar. It is concluded that the steady
TeV $\gamma$-ray emission from J1816+4510 should be on the 100 hr sensitivity
limit of the planned Cherenkov Telescope Array, provided that $\epsilon\sim
10%$ of the rotational energy lost by the pulsar is transferred to TeV
electrons. On the other hand, the comparison of the predicted steady TeV
$\gamma$-ray emission, expected from $\gamma$-ray binary LS 5039, with the
observations of the TeV emission in a low state, reported by the H.E.S.S.
Collaboration, allows us to put stringent upper limit on the product of the
part of the hemisphere in which the mixed pulsar-stellar wind is confined,
$\Delta_{\rm mix}$, and the energy conversion efficiency, $\epsilon$, from the
supposed pulsar to the TeV electrons injected in this system, $\Delta_{\rm
mix}\cdot \epsilon <1%$.


  The pattern theory of Grenander is a mathematical framework where patterns
are represented by probability models on random variables of algebraic
structures. In this paper, we review three families of probability models,
namely, the discriminative models, the descriptive models, and the generative
models. A discriminative model is in the form of a classifier. It specifies the
conditional probability of the class label given the input signal. A
descriptive model specifies the probability distribution of the signal, based
on an energy function defined on the signal. A generative model assumes that
the signal is generated by some latent variables via a transformation. We shall
review these models within a common framework and explore their connections. We
shall also review the recent developments that take advantage of the high
approximation capacities of deep neural networks.


  Adversarial Examples Detection (AED) is a crucial defense technique against
adversarial attacks and has drawn increasing attention from the Natural
Language Processing (NLP) community. Despite the surge of new AED methods, our
studies show that existing methods heavily rely on a shortcut to achieve good
performance. In other words, current search-based adversarial attacks in NLP
stop once model predictions change, and thus most adversarial examples
generated by those attacks are located near model decision boundaries. To
surpass this shortcut and fairly evaluate AED methods, we propose to test AED
methods with \textbf{F}ar \textbf{B}oundary (\textbf{FB}) adversarial examples.
Existing methods show worse than random guess performance under this scenario.
To overcome this limitation, we propose a new technique, \textbf{ADDMU},
\textbf{a}dversary \textbf{d}etection with \textbf{d}ata and \textbf{m}odel
\textbf{u}ncertainty, which combines two types of uncertainty estimation for
both regular and FB adversarial example detection. Our new method outperforms
previous methods by 3.6 and 6.0 \emph{AUC} points under each scenario. Finally,
our analysis shows that the two types of uncertainty provided by \textbf{ADDMU}
can be leveraged to characterize adversarial examples and identify the ones
that contribute most to model's robustness in adversarial training.


  A cosmological model describing the evolution of $n$ Einstein spaces $(n>1)$
with $m$-component perfect-fluid matter is considered. When all spaces are
Ricci-flat and for any $\alpha$-th component the pressures in all spaces are
proportional to the density: $p_{i}^{(\alpha)} = (1- h_{i}^{(\alpha)})
\rho^{(\alpha)}$, $h_{i}^{(\alpha)}$ = const, the Einstein and Wheeler-DeWitt
equations are integrated in the cases: i) $m=1$, for all $h_{i}^{(\alpha)}$;
ii) $m > 1$, for some special sets of $h_{i}^{(\alpha)}$. For $m=1$ the quantum
wormhole solutions are also obtained. \\


  The nature of a neutrino, whether it is a Dirac type or Majorana type, may be
comprehensively probed using their quantum statistical properties. If the
neutrino is a Majorana fermion, then by definition it is identical and
indistinguishable from the corresponding antineutrino. When a Majorana neutrino
and antineutrino are pair produced, the corresponding state has to obey the
Pauli principle unlike in the Dirac case. We use this property to distinguish
between the two cases using the process $B^0 \to
\mu^-\,\mu^+\,\nu_\mu\,\bar{\nu}_\mu$. We show that the two cases differ
dramatically in a special kinematic scenario where, in the rest frame of the
parent $B$ meson, the muons fly away back-to-back (i.e. fly with 3-momenta of
equal magnitudes but opposite directions), and so do the neutrino and
antineutrino. Unlike any other scenario, we know the energies and magnitudes of
$3$-momenta of both the neutrino and the antineutrino in this back-to-back
configuration without even directly measuring them. This provides a way of
avoiding the constraint imposed by the `practical Dirac-Majorana confusion
theorem', as one need not fully integrate over neutrino and antineutrino in
this case. As a true signature of the universal principle of quantum statistics
which does not depend on the size of the mass of the particle but its spin, the
difference between Dirac and Majorana cases in this special kinematic
configuration does survive independent of the neutrino mass as long as neutrino
mass is nonzero. The analysis presented here is applicable immediately to
several other processes with the same final state as in the case of $B^0$ decay
without any major change.


  The analysis of the secondary Bjerknes force between two bubbles suggests
that this force is analogous to the electrostatic forces. The same analogy is
suggested by the existence of a scattering cross section of an acoustic wave on
a bubble. Our paper brings new arguments in support of this analogy. The study
which we perform is dedicated to the acoustic force and to the scattering cross
section at resonance in order to highlight their angular frequency independence
of the inductor wave. Also, our study reveals that the angular frequency and
the amplitude of the induction pressure wave are not related. Highlighting this
analogy will allow us a better understanding of the electrostatic interaction
if the electron is modeled as an oscillating bubble in the vacuum.


  Optimizing the interfaces in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is essential for
enhancing their performance, improving their stability, and making them
commercially viable for large-scale deployment in solar energy harvesting
applications. Point defects, like vacancies, have a dual role, as they can
inherently provide a proper doping, but they can also reduce the collected
current by trap-assisted recombination. Moreover, they can play an active role
in ion migration. Using {\it ab initio} density functional theory (DFT)
calculations we investigate the changes in the band alignment induced by
interfacial vacancy defects in a TiO$_2$/MAPI/Cu$_2$O based PSC. Depending on
the type of the vacancy (Ti, Cu, O, Pb, I) in the oxide and perovskite
materials, additional doping is superimposed on the already existing
background. Their effect on the performance of the PSCs becomes visible, as
shown by SCAPS simulations. The most significant impact is observed for $p$
type doping of TiO$_2$ and $n$ type doping of Cu$_2$O, while the effective
doping of the perovskite layer affects one of the two interfaces. We discuss
these results based on modification of the band structure near the active
interfaces and provide further insights concerning the optimization of electron
and hole collection.


  High-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductivity develops near
antiferromagnetic phases, and it is possible that magnetic excitations
contribute to the superconducting pairing mechanism. To assess the role of
antiferromagnetism, it is essential to understand the doping and temperature
dependence of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin correlations. The
phase diagram is asymmetric with respect to electron and hole doping, and for
the comparatively less-studied electron-doped materials, the antiferromagnetic
phase extends much further with doping [1, 2] and appears to overlap with the
superconducting phase. The archetypical electron-doped compound
Nd{2-x}Ce{x}CuO{4\pm\delta} (NCCO) shows bulk superconductivity above x \approx
0.13 [3, 4], while evidence for antiferromagnetic order has been found up to x
\approx 0.17 [2, 5, 6]. Here we report inelastic magnetic neutron-scattering
measurements that point to the distinct possibility that genuine long-range
antiferromagnetism and superconductivity do not coexist. The data reveal a
magnetic quantum critical point where superconductivity first appears,
consistent with an exotic quantum phase transition between the two phases [7].
We also demonstrate that the pseudogap phenomenon in the electron-doped
materials, which is associated with pronounced charge anomalies [8-11], arises
from a build-up of spin correlations, in agreement with recent theoretical
proposals [12, 13].


  Recent redshift-distance measurements of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at
cosmological distances suggest that two-third of the energy density of the
universe is dominated by dark energy component with an effective negative
pressure. This dark energy component is described by the equation of state
$p_{x} = w \rho_{x}$ $(w \geq -1)$. We use gravitational lensing statistics to
constrain the equation of state of this dark energy. We use $n(\Delta\theta)$,
image separation distribution function of lensed quasars, as a tool to probe
$w$. We find that for the observed range of $\Omega_m \sim 0.2 - 0.4$, $w$
should lie between $-0.8 \leq w \leq -0.4$ in order to have five lensed quasars
in a sample of 867 optical quasars. This limit is highly sensitive to lens and
Schechter parameters and evolution of galaxies.