  We propose a ferromagnetic/ferroelectric hybrid double quantum well
structure, and present an investigation of the Curie temperature (Tc)
modulation in this quantum structure. The combined effects of applied electric
fields and spontaneous electric polarization are considered for a system that
consists of a Mn \delta-doped well, a barrier, and a p-type ferroelectric well.
We calculate the change in the envelope functions of carriers at the lowest
energy sub-band, resulting from applied electric fields and switching the
dipole polarization. By reversing the depolarizing field, we can achieve two
different ferromagnetic transition temperatures of the ferromagnetic quantum
well in a fixed applied electric field. The Curie temperature strongly depends
on the position of the Mn \delta-doped layer and the polarization strength of
the ferroelectric well.


  In 1991, Asher Peres and William Wootters wrote a seminal paper on the
nonlocal processing of quantum information [\textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.}
\textbf{66} 1119 (1991)]. We return to their classic problem and solve it in
various contexts. Specifically, for discriminating the "double trine" ensemble
with minimum error, we prove that global operations are more powerful than
local operations with classical communication (LOCC). Even stronger, there
exists a finite gap between the optimal LOCC probability and that obtainable by
separable operations (SEP). Additionally we prove that a two-way, adaptive LOCC
strategy can always beat a one-way protocol. Our results provide the first
known instance of "nonlocality without entanglement" in two qubit pure states.


  A large fraction of online advertisement is sold via repeated second price
auctions. In these auctions, the reserve price is the main tool for the
auctioneer to boost revenues. In this work, we investigate the following
question: Can changing the reserve prices based on the previous bids improve
the revenue of the auction, taking into account the long-term incentives and
strategic behavior of the bidders? We show that if the distribution of the
valuations is known and satisfies the standard regularity assumptions, then the
optimal mechanism has a constant reserve. However, when there is uncertainty in
the distribution of the valuations, previous bids can be used to learn the
distribution of the valuations and to update the reserve price. We present a
simple, approximately incentive-compatible, and asymptotically optimal dynamic
reserve mechanism that can significantly improve the revenue over the best
static reserve.
  The paper is from July 2014 (our submission to WINE 2014), posted later here
on the arxiv to complement the 1-page abstract in the WINE 2014 proceedings.


  A reliable network is an absolute requirement for telecommunication networks
at this time. This is in line with the growing number of users who need a
reliable and uninterrupted connection to the server. Link Aggregation is one of
the techniques that can be used to provide a reliable network. Link Aggregation
System combines two or more links into one logical link, which is characterized
by the use of a single IP address. During the communication between host and
server, whenever the used link is broken or terminated the other active link
can act as redundancy to resume that communication. This mechanism is called
link redundancy. This mechanism will not run without the existence of another
mechanism that monitors the condition of the links, which is either connected
or disconnected. That mechanism is called link monitoring. Link monitoring used
in this simulation is the Media Independent Interface (MII). In this
simulation, we used Ryu-Controller and mininet Simulator to test the
reliability of Link Aggregation-based SDN (Software Defined Network). During
the simulation, we analyzed failover performance and how the Link Aggregation
distributes the connection across the links for every which comes from a
different source. From the simulations, we confirmed that link redundancy, the
same data rate for every connection, to some degree, worked as intended.


  Bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3, is a multiferroic solid that is attracting
increasing attention as a potential photocatalytic material, because the
ferroelectric polarisation enhances the separation of photogenerated carriers.
With the motivation of finding routes to engineer the band gap and the band
alignment, while conserving or enhancing the ferroelectric properties, we have
investigated the thermodynamic, electronic and ferroelectric properties of
BiCoxFe1 xO3 solid solutions, with 0 < x < 0.13, using density functional
theory. We show that the band gap can be reduced from 2.9 eV to 2.1 eV by
cobalt substitution, while simultaneously increasing the spontaneous
polarisation, which is associated with a notably larger Born effective charge
of Co compared to Fe cations. We discuss the interaction between Co impurities,
which is strongly attractive and would drive the aggregation of Co, as
evidenced by Monte Carlo simulations. Phase separation into a Co-rich phase is
therefore predicted to be thermodynamically preferred, and the homogeneous
solid solution can only exist in metastable form, protected by slow cation
diffusion kinetics. Finally, we discuss the band alignment of pure and
Co-substituted BiFeO3 with relevant redox potentials, in the context of its
applicability in photocatalysis.


  In this paper we study extensions between finite-dimensional simple modules
over classical Lie superalgebras $\mathfrak{gl}(m|n), \mathfrak{osp}(M|2n)$ and
$\mathfrak{q}_m$. We consider a simplified version of the extension graph which
is produced from the $Ext^1$-graph by identifying representations obtained by
parity change and removal of the loops. We give a necessary condition for a
pair of vertices to be connected and show that this condition is sufficient in
most of the cases. This condition implies that the image of a
finite-dimensional simple module under the Duflo-Serganova functor has
indecomposable isotypical components. This yields semisimplicity of
Duflo-Serganova functor for $\mathcal{F}in(\mathfrak{gl}(m|n))$ and for
$\mathcal{F}in(\mathfrak{osp}(M|2n))$.


  Nous poursuivons l'\'etude d'un contr\^ole \'epars d'un op\'erateur
singulier. Plus pr\'ecis\'ement nous expliquons comment on peut conserver
certaines propri\'et\'es de l'op\'erateur initial \`a travers un tel contr\^ole
et d\'ecrivons quelques applications: bornitude de l'adjoint de la
transform\'ee de Riesz et du projecteur de Leray. De plus, nous nous
int\'eresserons \`a donner un regard nouveau sur les dominations \'eparses \`a
travers les oscillations et les fonctions carr\'ees localis\'ees. Aussi, nous
d\'evoilerons une connexion entre les bons intervalles de la d\'ecomposition
\'eparse et une d\'ecomposition atomique.
  We pursue the study of a sparse control for a singular operator. More
precisely, we describe how one can track some properties of the initial
operator, through such a control and describe also some applications:
boundedness of the adjoint of a Riesz transform and of the Leray projector.
Moreover, we will be interested in giving a new insight on the sparse
domination through the oscillations and the localized square functions. Also,
we will reveal a connection between the good intervals of the sparse domination
and the atomic decomposition for a function in a Hardy space.


  Given a set ${\cal V}$ of $n$ sensor node distributed on a 2-dimensional
plane and a source node $s \in {\cal V}$, the {\it interference problem} deals
with assigning transmission range to each $v \in {\cal V}$ such that the
members in ${\cal V}$ maintain connectivity predicate ${\cal P}$, and the
maximum/total interference is minimum. We propose algorithm for both {\it
minimizing maximum interference} and {\it minimizing total interference} of the
networks. For minimizing maximum interference we present optimum solution with
running time $O(({\cal P}_n + n^2) \log n)$ for connectivity predicate ${\cal
P}$ like strong connectivity, broadcast ($s$ is the source), $k$-edge(vertex)
connectivity, spanner, where $O({\cal P}_n)$ is the time complexity for
checking the connectivity predicate ${\cal P}$. The running time of the
previous best known solution was $O({\cal P}_n \times n^2)$ [Bil$\grave{o}$ and
Proietti, 2008].
  For the minimizing total interference we propose optimum algorithm for the
connectivity predicate broadcast. The running time of the propose algorithm is
O(n). For the same problem, the previous best known result was $2(1 + \ln
(n-1))$-factor approximation algorithm [Bil$\grave{o}$ and Proietti, 2008]. We
also propose a heuristic for minimizing total interference in the case of
strongly connected predicate and compare our result with the best result
available in the literature. Experimental results demonstrate that our
heuristic outperform existing result.


  A sudden roadblock on highways due to many reasons such as road maintenance,
accidents, and car repair is a common situation we encounter almost daily.
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) equipped with sensors that can acquire vehicle
dynamics such as speed, acceleration, and location can make intelligent
decisions to change lanes before reaching a roadblock. A number of literature
studies have examined car-following models and lane-changing models. However,
only a few studies proposed an integrated car-following and lane-changing
model, which has the potential to model practical driving maneuvers. Hence, in
this paper, we present an integrated car-following and lane-changing
decision-control system based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to address
this issue. Specifically, we consider a scenario where sudden construction work
will be carried out along a highway. We model the scenario as a Markov Decision
Process (MDP) and employ the well-known DQN algorithm to train the RL agent to
make the appropriate decision accordingly (i.e., either stay in the same lane
or change lanes). To overcome the delay and computational requirement of DRL
algorithms, we adopt an MEC-assisted architecture where the RL agents are
trained on MEC servers. We utilize the highly reputable SUMO simulator and
OPENAI GYM to evaluate the performance of the proposed model under two
policies; {\epsilon}-greedy policy and Boltzmann policy. The results
unequivocally demonstrate that the DQN agent trained using the
{\epsilon}-greedy policy significantly outperforms the one trained with the
Boltzmann policy.


  We consider continuous Dirac operators defined on $\mathbf{R}^d$,
$d\in\{1,2,3\}$, together with various discrete versions of them. Both
forward-backward and symmetric finite differences are used as approximations to
partial derivatives. We also allow a bounded, H\"older continuous, and
self-adjoint matrix-valued potential, which in the discrete setting is
evaluated on the mesh. Our main goal is to investigate whether the proposed
discrete models converge in norm resolvent sense to their continuous
counterparts, as the mesh size tends to zero and up to a natural embedding of
the discrete space into the continuous one. In dimension one we show that
forward-backward differences lead to norm resolvent convergence, while in
dimension two and three they do not. The same negative result holds in all
dimensions when symmetric differences are used. On the other hand, strong
resolvent convergence holds in all these cases. Nevertheless, and quite
remarkably, a rather simple but non-standard modification to the discrete
models, involving the mass term, ensures norm resolvent convergence in general.


  In the minimum $k$-edge-connected spanning subgraph ($k$-ECSS) problem the
goal is to find the minimum weight subgraph resistant to up to $k-1$ edge
failures. This is a central problem in network design, and a natural
generalization of the minimum spanning tree (MST) problem. While the MST
problem has been studied extensively by the distributed computing community,
for $k \geq 2$ less is known in the distributed setting.
  In this paper, we present fast randomized distributed approximation
algorithms for $k$-ECSS in the CONGEST model. Our first contribution is an
$\widetilde{O}(D + \sqrt{n})$-round $O(\log{n})$-approximation for 2-ECSS, for
a graph with $n$ vertices and diameter $D$. The time complexity of our
algorithm is almost tight and almost matches the time complexity of the MST
problem. For larger constant values of $k$ we give an $\widetilde{O}(n)$-round
$O(\log{n})$-approximation. Additionally, in the special case of unweighted
3-ECSS we show how to improve the time complexity to $O(D \log^3{n})$ rounds.
All our results significantly improve the time complexity of previous
algorithms.


  The abundance of infrared singularities in gauge theories due to unresolved
emission of massless particles (soft and collinear) represents the main
difficulty in perturbative calculations. They are typically regularized in
dimensional regularization, and their subtraction is usually achieved
independently for virtual and real corrections. In this paper, we introduce a
new method based on the loop-tree duality (LTD) theorem to accomplish the
summation over degenerate infrared states directly at the integrand level such
that the cancellation of the infrared divergences is achieved simultaneously,
and apply it to reference examples as a proof of concept. Ultraviolet
divergences, which are the consequence of the point-like nature of the theory,
are also reinterpreted physically in this framework. The proposed method opens
the intriguing possibility of carrying out purely four-dimensional
implementations of higher-order perturbative calculations at next-to-leading
order (NLO) and beyond free of soft and final-state collinear subtractions.


  We perform an extended numerical search for practical fermion-to-qubit
encodings with error correcting properties. Ideally, encodings should strike a
balance between a number of the seemingly incompatible attributes, such as
having a high minimum distance, low-weight fermionic logical operators, a small
qubit to fermionic mode ratio and a simple qubit connectivity graph including
ancilla qubits for the measurement of stabilizers. Our strategy consists of a
three-step procedure in which we: first generate encodings with code distances
up to $d\leq4$ by a brute-force enumeration technique; subsequently, we use
these encodings as starting points and apply Clifford deformations to them
which allows us to identify higher-distance codes with $d\leq7$; finally, we
optimize the hardware connectivity graphs of resulting encodings in terms of
the graph thickness and the number of connections per qubit. We report multiple
promising high-distance encodings which significantly improve the weights of
stabilizers and logical operators compared to previously reported alternatives.


  We present a generic scheme to construct corrected trapezoidal rules with
spectral accuracy for integral operators with weakly singular kernels in
arbitrary dimensions. We assume that the kernel factorization of the form,
$K=\alpha\phi+\widetilde{K}$ with smooth $\alpha$ and $\widetilde{K}$, is
available so that the operations on the smooth factors can be performed
accurately on the basis of standard Fourier spectral methods. To achieve high
precision results, our approach utilizes the exact evaluation of the Fourier
coefficients of the radial singularity $\phi$, which can be obtained in
arbitrary dimensions by the singularity isolation/truncation described in this
article. We provide a complete set of formulas for singularities of the type:
$\log(r)$ and $r^{-\nu}$. Convergence analysis shows that the constructed
quadrature rules exhibit almost identical rate of convergence to the
trapezoidal rule applied for non-singular integrands. Especially, for smooth
data, the corrected trapezoidal rules converge super-algebraically.


  Direct measurements of the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are key
to understanding their growth and constrain their symbiotic relationship to
their host galaxies. However, current methods used to directly measure black
hole masses in active quasars become challenging or impossible beyond
$z\gtrsim0.2$. Spectroastrometry (SA) measures the spatial centroid of an
object's spectrum as a function of wavelength, delivering angular resolution
far better than the point-spread function (PSF) for high signal-to-noise ratio
observations. We observed the luminous quasar SDSS J212329.47--005052.9 at
$z=2.279$ with the aim of resolving its $\sim100\mu\mathrm{as}$ H$\alpha$ broad
emission-line region (BLR), and present the first SA constraints on the size
and kinematic structure of the BLR. Using a novel pipeline to extract the SA
signal and reliable uncertainties, we achieved a centroiding precision of
$\simeq100\mu\mathrm{as}$, or $>2000\times$ smaller than the $K$-band
AO-corrected PSF, yielding a tentative $3.2\sigma$ detection of an SA signal
from the BLR. Modeling the BLR emission as arising from an inclined rotating
disk with a mixture of coherent and random motions we constrain
$r_\mathrm{BLR}=454^{+565}_{-162}\,\mu\mathrm{as}$
($3.71^{+4.65}_{-1.28}\,\mathrm{pc}$), providing a $95\%$ confidence upper
limit on the black hole mass $M_\mathrm{BH}\,\sin^2\,i \leq1.8
\times10^9\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$. Our results agree with the $r_\mathrm{BLR}-L$
relation measured for lower-$z$ quasars, but expands its dynamic range by an
order of magnitude in luminosity. We did not detect the potentially stronger SA
signal from the narrow-line region, but discuss in detail why it may be absent.
Already with existing instrumentation, SA can deliver $\sim6\times$ smaller
uncertainties ($\sim15\,\mu\mathrm{as}$) than achieved here, enabling
$\sim10\%$ measurements of SMBH masses in high-$z$ quasars.


  We study the holographic complexity of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton gravity using
the recently proposed "complexity = volume" and "complexity = action"
dualities. The model we consider has a ground state that is represented in the
bulk via a so-called hyperscaling violating geometry. We calculate the action
growth of the Wheeler-DeWitt patch of the corresponding black hole solution at
non-zero temperature and find that, in the presence of violations of
hyperscaling, there is a parametric enhancement of the action growth rate. We
partially match this behavior to simple tensor network models which can capture
aspects of hyperscaling violation. We also exhibit the switchback effect in
complexity growth using shockwave geometries and comment on a subtlety of our
action calculations when the metric is discontinuous at a null surface.


  In [1,2] we have developed a method (we call it the S-function method) that
is successful in treating certain classes of rational second order ordinary
differential equations (rational 2ODEs) that are particularly `resistant' to
canonical Lie methods and to Darbouxian approaches. In this present paper, we
generalize the S-function method making it capable of dealing with a class of
elementary 2ODEs presenting elementary functions. Then, we apply this method to
a Duffing-Van der Pol forced oscillator, obtaining an entire class of first
integrals.


  Automatic evaluation of various text quality criteria produced by data-driven
intelligent methods is very common and useful because it is cheap, fast, and
usually yields repeatable results. In this paper, we present an attempt to
automate the human likeliness evaluation of the output text samples coming from
natural language generation methods used to solve several tasks. We propose to
use a human likeliness score that shows the percentage of the output samples
from a method that look as if they were written by a human. Instead of having
human participants label or rate those samples, we completely automate the
process by using a discrimination procedure based on large pretrained language
models and their probability distributions. As follow up, we plan to perform an
empirical analysis of human-written and machine-generated texts to find the
optimal setup of this evaluation approach. A validation procedure involving
human participants will also check how the automatic evaluation correlates with
human judgments.


  A system for studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of fluctuations in the
boundary of the W7-X plasma using the Gas-Puff Imaging (GPI) technique has been
designed, constructed, installed, and operated. This GPI system addresses a
number of challenges specific to long-pulse superconducting devices like W7-X,
including the long distance between the plasma and the vacuum vessel wall, the
long distance between the plasma and diagnostic ports, the range of last closed
flux surface locations for different magnetic configurations in W7-X, and
management of heat loads on the system's plasma-facing components. The system
features a pair of "converging-diverging" nozzles for partially collimating the
gas puffed locally $\approx$135 mm radially outboard of the plasma boundary, a
pop-up turning mirror for viewing the gas puff emission from the side (also
acting as a shutter for the re-entrant vacuum window), and a high-throughput
optical system that collects visible emission resulting from the interaction
between the puffed gas and the plasma and directs it along a water-cooled
re-entrant tube directly onto the 8 x 16 pixel detector array of the fast
camera. The DEGAS 2 neutrals code was used to simulate the H$_\alpha$ (656 nm)
and the HeI (587 nm) line emission expected from well-characterized gas-puffs
of H$_2$ and He and excited within typical edge plasma profiles in W7-X,
thereby predicting line brightnesses used to reduce the risks associated with
system sensitivity and placement of the field of view. Operation of GPI on W7-X
shows excellent signal to noise ratios (>100) over the field of view for
minimally perturbing gas puffs. The GPI system provides detailed measurements
of the 2-dimensional (radial and poloidal) dynamics of plasma fluctuations in
the W7-X edge, scrape-off layer, and in and around the magnetic islands that
make up the island divertor configuration employed on W7-X.


  Adaptation often involves the acquisition of a large number of genomic
changes which arise as mutations in single individuals. In asexual populations,
combinations of mutations can fix only when they arise in the same lineage, but
for populations in which genetic information is exchanged, beneficial mutations
can arise in different individuals and be combined later. In large populations,
when the product of the population size N and the total beneficial mutation
rate U_b is large, many new beneficial alleles can be segregating in the
population simultaneously. We calculate the rate of adaptation, v, in several
models of such sexual populations and show that v is linear in NU_b only in
sufficiently small populations. In large populations, v increases much more
slowly as log NU_b. The prefactor of this logarithm, however, increases as the
square of the recombination rate. This acceleration of adaptation by
recombination implies a strong evolutionary advantage of sex.


  The condition of unification of gauge couplings in the minimal supersymmetric
standard model provides successful predictions for the weak mixing angle as a
function of the strong gauge coupling and the supersymmetric threshold scale.
In addition, in some scenarios, e.g.\ in the minimal SO(10) model, the tau
lepton and the bottom and top quark Yukawa couplings unify at the grand
unification scale. The condition of Yukawa unification leads naturally to large
values of $\tan\beta$, implying a proper top quark--bottom quark mass
hierarchy. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of unification of the
Yukawa couplings, in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model
with (assumed) universal mass parameters at the unification scale and with
radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry. We show that strong
correlations between the parameters $\mu_0$ and $M_{1/2}$ appear within this
scheme. These correlations have relevant implications for the sparticle
spectrum, which presents several characteristic features. In addition, we show
that due to large corrections to the running bottom quark mass induced through
the supersymmetry breaking sector of the theory, the predicted top quark mass
and $\tan\beta$ values are significantly lower than those previously estimated
in the literature.


  Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been applied in many computer vision tasks
and achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. However, misclassification
will occur when DNNs predict adversarial examples which are created by adding
human-imperceptible adversarial noise to natural examples. This limits the
application of DNN in security-critical fields. In order to enhance the
robustness of models, previous research has primarily focused on the unimodal
domain, such as image recognition and video understanding. Although multi-modal
learning has achieved advanced performance in various tasks, such as action
recognition, research on the robustness of RGB-skeleton action recognition
models is scarce. In this paper, we systematically investigate how to improve
the robustness of RGB-skeleton action recognition models. We initially
conducted empirical analysis on the robustness of different modalities and
observed that the skeleton modality is more robust than the RGB modality.
Motivated by this observation, we propose the \formatword{A}ttention-based
\formatword{M}odality \formatword{R}eweighter (\formatword{AMR}), which
utilizes an attention layer to re-weight the two modalities, enabling the model
to learn more robust features. Our AMR is plug-and-play, allowing easy
integration with multimodal models. To demonstrate the effectiveness of AMR, we
conducted extensive experiments on various datasets. For example, compared to
the SOTA methods, AMR exhibits a 43.77\% improvement against PGD20 attacks on
the NTU-RGB+D 60 dataset. Furthermore, it effectively balances the differences
in robustness between different modalities.


  We study detection prospects of a gravitational-wave background (GWB) sourced
by SU(2) gauge fields considering all possible observational constraints. More
precisely, we consider bounds set by cosmic microwave background measurements,
primordial black hole overproduction, as well as backreaction of the gauge
fields on the background evolution. Gravitational-waves data from the first
three observing runs of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration show no evidence for
a GWB contribution from axion inflation. However, we are able to place
conservative constraints on the parameters of the SU(2) inflation with current
data. We investigate conditions on the inflationary potential that would lead
to a detectable signal that evades astrophysical and cosmological constraints
and discuss detection prospects for third generation networks.


  This work proposes a dependent type theory that combines functions and
session-typed processes (with value dependencies) through a contextual monad,
internalising typed processes in a dependently-typed lambda-calculus. The
proposed framework, by allowing session processes to depend on functions and
vice-versa, enables us to specify and statically verify protocols where the
choice of the next communication action can depend on specific values of
received data. Moreover, the type theoretic nature of the framework endows us
with the ability to internally describe and prove predicates on process
behaviours. Our main results are type soundness of the framework, and a
faithful embedding of the functional layer of the calculus within the
session-typed layer, showcasing the expressiveness of dependent session types.


  In this paper, we consider vacuum asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes $(
\mathscr{M}, g )$ with conformal boundary $( \mathscr{I}, \mathfrak{g} )$. We
establish a correspondence, near $\mathscr{I}$, between such spacetimes and
their conformal boundary data on $\mathscr{I}$. More specifically, given a
domain $\mathscr{D} \subset \mathscr{I}$, we prove that the coefficients
$\mathfrak{g}^{(0)} = \mathfrak{g}$ and $\mathfrak{g}^{(n)}$ (the undetermined
term or stress energy tensor) in a Fefferman-Graham expansion of the metric $g$
from the boundary uniquely determine $g$ near $\mathscr{D}$, provided
$\mathscr{D}$ satisfies a generalised null convexity condition (GNCC). The GNCC
is a conformally invariant criterion on $\mathscr{D}$, first identified by
Chatzikaleas and the second author, that ensures a foliation of pseudoconvex
hypersurfaces in $\mathscr{M}$ near $\mathscr{D}$, and with the pseudoconvexity
degenerating in the limit at $\mathscr{D}$. As a corollary of this result, we
deduce that conformal symmetries of $( \mathfrak{g}^{(0)}, \mathfrak{g}^{(n)}
)$ on domains $\mathscr{D} \subset \mathscr{I}$ satisfying the GNCC extend to
spacetimes symmetries near $\mathscr{D}$. The proof, which does not require any
analyticity assumptions, relies on three key ingredients: (1) a calculus of
vertical tensor-fields developed for this setting; (2) a novel system of
transport and wave equations for differences of metric and curvature
quantities; and (3) recently established Carleman estimates for tensorial wave
equations near the conformal boundary.


  We investigate the oscillations of neutron stars using a purely Newtonian
approach and three other pseudo-Newtonian formulations. Our work is motivated
by the fact that pseudo-Newtonian formulations are commonly used in
core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations. We derive and solve numerically the
radial and nonradial perturbation equations for neutron star oscillations using
different combinations of modified Newtonian hydrodynamics equations and
gravitational potentials. We pay special attention to the formulation proposed
recently by Zha et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 051102 (2020)] that implements
the standard Case A effective potential in CCSN simulations with an additional
lapse-function correction to the hydrodynamics equations. We find that this
"Case A+lapse" formulation can typically approximate the frequency of the
fundamental radial mode of a $1.4 M_\odot$ neutron star computed in general
relativity to about a few tens of percent for our chosen EOS models. For the
nonradial quadrupolar $f$ mode, which is expected to contribute strongly to the
gravitational waves emitted from a protoneutron star, the Case A+lapse
formulation performs much better and can approximate the $f$ mode frequency to
within about a few percent even for the maximum-mass configuration in general
relativity.


  Change and local spatial variation are missing in canonical General
Relativity's observables as usually defined, part of the problem of time.
Definitions can be tested using equivalent formulations, non-gauge and gauge,
because they must have equivalent observables and everything is observable in
the non-gauge formulation. Taking an observable from the non-gauge formulation
and finding the equivalent in the gauge formulation, one requires that the
equivalent be an observable, constraining definitions. For massive photons, the
de Broglie-Proca non-gauge formulation observable A_{\mu} is equivalent to the
Stueckelberg-Utiyama gauge formulation quantity A_{\mu}+\partial_{\mu} \phi.
Thus observables must have 0 Poisson bracket not with each first-class
constraint, but with the Rosenfeld-Anderson-Bergmann-Castellani gauge generator
G, a tuned sum of first-class constraints, in accord with the
Pons-Salisbury-Sundermeyer definition of observables.
  The definition for external gauge symmetries can be tested using massive
gravity, where one can install gauge freedom by parametrization with clock
fields X^A. The non-gauge observable g^{\mu\nu} has the gauge equivalent
X^A,_{\mu} g^{\mu\nu} X^B,_{\nu}. The Poisson bracket of X^A,_{\mu} g^{\mu\nu}
X^B,_{\nu} with G turns out to be not 0 but a Lie derivative. This non-zero
Poisson bracket refines and systematizes Kuchar's proposal to relax the 0
Poisson bracket condition with the Hamiltonian constraint. Thus observables
need covariance, not invariance, in relation to external gauge symmetries.
  The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for massive gravity are those of General
Relativity + Lambda + 4 scalars, so the same definition of observables applies
to General Relativity. Local fields such as g_{\mu\nu} are observables. Thus
observables change. Requiring equivalent observables for equivalent theories
also recovers Hamiltonian-Lagrangian equivalence.


  It is proposed that the rate of relaxation in a liquid is better described by
the geometric mean of the van Hove distribution function, rather than the
standard arithmetic mean used to obtain the mean squared displacement. The
difference between the two means is shown to increase significantly with an
increase in the non-Gaussian character of the displacement distribution.
Preliminary results indicate that the geometric diffusion constant results in a
substantial reduction of the deviation from Stokes-Einstein scaling.


  We study the quadratic regulator problem for linear control systems in
Hilbert spaces, where the cost functional is in some sense unbounded. Our
motivation comes from delay equations with the feedback part containing
discrete delays or, in other words, measurements given by $\delta$-functionals,
which are unbounded in $L_{2}$. Working in an abstract context in which such
(and many others, including parabolic boundary control problems) equations can
be treated, we obtain a version of the Frequency Theorem (following the works
of V.A. Yakubovich and A.L. Likhtarnikov), which guarantees the existence of a
unique optimal process and shows that the optimal cost is given by a quadratic
Lyapunov-like functional. In our adjacent works it is shown that such
functionals can be used to construct inertial manifolds and allow to treat and
extend many works in the field in a unified manner. Here we concentrate on
applications to delay equations and especially mention the works of R.A. Smith
on developments of convergence theorems and the Poincar\'{e}-Bendixson theory;
Yu. A. Ryabov, R.D. Driver and C. Chicone on inertial manifolds for equations
with small delays and their recent generalization for equations of neutral type
given by S. Chen and J. Shen.


  For a family of probability spaces
$\{(X_k,\mathcal{B}_{X_k},\mu_k)\}_{k=1}^N$ and a cost function $c:
X_1\times\cdots\times X_N\to \mathbb{R}$ we consider the Monge-Kantorovich
problem \begin{align*}\tag{MK}\label{MONKANT}
\inf_{\lambda\in\Pi(\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_N)}\int_{\prod_{k=1}^N X_k}c\,d\lambda.
\end{align*} Then for each ordered subset
$\mathcal{P}=\{i_1,\ldots,i_p\}\subsetneq\{1,...,N\}$ with $p\geq 2$ we create
a new cost function $c_\mathcal{P}$ corresponding to the original cost function
$c$ defined on $\prod_{k=1}^p X_{i_k}$. This new cost function $c_\mathcal{P}$
enjoys many of the features of the original cost $c$ while it has the property
that any optimal plan $\lambda$ of \eqref{MONKANT} restricted to $\prod_{k=1}^p
X_{i_k}$ is also an optimal plan to the problem
\begin{align*}\tag{RMK}\label{REDMONKANT}
\inf_{\tau\in\Pi(\mu_{i_1},\ldots\mu_{i_p})}\int_{\prod_{k=1}^p
X_{i_k}}c_{\mathcal{P}}\,d\tau. \end{align*} Our main contribution in this
paper is to show that, for appropriate choices of index set $\mathcal{P}$, one
can recover the optimal plans of \eqref{MONKANT} from \eqref{REDMONKANT}. In
particular, we study situations in which the problem \eqref{MONKANT} admits a
unique solution depending on the uniqueness of the solution for the lower
marginal problems of the form \eqref{REDMONKANT}. This allows us to prove many
uniqueness results for multi-marginal problems when the unique optimal plan is
not necessarily induced by a map. To this end, we extensively benefit from
disintegration theorems and the $c$-extremality notions. Moreover, by employing
this argument, besides recovering many standard results on the subject
including the pioneering work of Gangbo-\'Swi\c ech, several new applications
will be demonstrated to evince the applicability of this argument.


  We address the issue of gravitational radiation in the context of the
Bondi-Sachs space-time, and consider the expression for the gravitational
energy of the radiation obtained in the realm of the teleparallel equivalent of
general relativity (TEGR). This expression is independent of the radial
distance (i.e., of powers of $1/r$) and depends exclusively on the functions
$c(u,\theta,\phi)$ and $d(u,\theta,\phi)$, which yield the news functions ($u$
is the retarded time, $u=t-r$). We investigate the mathematical and physical
features of this energy expression in the simpler framework of axial symmetry.
Once a burst of gravitational radiation takes place in a self gravitating
system, that leads to a loss of the Bondi mass, gravitational radiation is
emitted throughout the whole space-time. The existence and presence of this
radiation in the background structure of the space-time is consistent with the
analysis developed by Papapetrou, and Hallidy and Janis, who found no proof
that a gravitational system that emits a burst of gravitational radiation is
preceded and followed by two stationary gravitational field configurations,
namely, it seems that it is impossible for a gravitational system, which is
initially stationary, to return to a stationary state after emitting a burst of
axially symmetric gravitational radiation, in which case the space-time is not
even asymptotically stationary. Therefore, it is plausible that the
gravitational energy of radiation is present in the background structure of the
space-time, and this is the energy predicted in the TEGR. This analysis lead us
to conjecture that the noise detected in the large terrestrial gravitational
wave observatories is intrinsically related to the background gravitational
radiation.


  We discuss an identity in abstract scattering theory which can be interpreted
as an integer-valued version of the Birman-Krein formula.


  This paper considers the problem of constructing a distributed direct
coupling quantum observer for a closed linear quantum system. The proposed
distributed observer consists of a network of quantum harmonic oscillators and
it is shown that the distributed observer converges to a consensus in a time
averaged sense in which each component of the observer estimates the specified
output of the quantum plant. An example and simulations are included to
illustrate the properties of the distributed observer.


  Recent PAMELA data show that positron fraction has an excess above several
GeV while anti-proton one is not. Moreover ATIC data indicates that
electron/positron flux have a bump from 300 GeV to 800 GeV. Both annihilating
dark matter (DM) with large boost factor and decaying DM with the life around $
10^{26} s$ can account for the PAMELA and ATIC observations if their main final
products are charged leptons ($e$, $\mu$ and $\tau$). In this work, we
calculated the neutrino flux arising from $\mu$ and $\tau$ which originate from
annihilating/decaying DM, and estimated the final muon rate in the neutrino
telescopes, namely Antares and IceCube. Given the excellent angular resolution,
Antares and IceCube are promising to discover the neutrino signals from
Galactic center and/or large DM subhalo in annihilating DM scenario, but very
challenging in decaying DM scenario.


  We consider the fractional quantum Hall effect at the filling factor
$\nu=4/11$, where two independent experiments have observed a well-developed
and quantized Hall plateau. We examine the Abelian state described by the
"$4\bar{2}1^{3}$" parton wave function and numerically demonstrate it to be a
plausible candidate for the ground state at $\nu=4/11$. We work out the
low-energy effective theory of the $4\bar{2}1^{3}$ edge and make predictions
for experimentally measurable properties of the state.


  Atomic Bose-Einstein condensate is heated by atomic losses. Predicted
depletion ranges from 1% for a uniform 3D condensate to around 10% for a
quasi-1D condensate in a harmonic trap.


  An analytical method is proposed for computing the low-Reynolds-number
hydrodynamic mobility function of a small colloidal particle asymmetrically
moving inside a large spherical elastic cavity, the membrane of which is
endowed with resistance toward shear and bending. In conjunction with the
results obtained in the first part [Daddi-Moussa-Ider, L\"{o}wen, and Gekle,
Eur. Phys. J. E 41, 104 (2018)], in which the axisymmetric motion normal to the
surface of an elastic cavity is investigated, the general motion for an
arbitrary force direction can be addressed. The elastohydrodynamic problem is
formulated and solved using the classic method of images through expressing the
hydrodynamic flow fields as a multipole expansion involving higher-order
derivatives of the free-space Green's function. In the quasi-steady limit, we
demonstrate that the particle self-mobility function of a particle moving
tangent to the surface of the cavity is larger than that predicted inside a
rigid stationary cavity of equal size. This difference is justified by the fact
that a stationary rigid cavity introduces additional hindrance to the
translational motion of the encapsulated particle, resulting in a reduction of
its hydrodynamic mobility. Furthermore, the motion of the cavity is
investigated, revealing that the translational pair (composite) mobility, which
linearly couples the velocity of the elastic cavity to the force exerted on the
solid particle, is solely determined by membrane shear properties. Our
analytical predictions are favorably compared with fully-resolved computer
simulations based on a completed-double-layer boundary integral method.


  The top squark (stop) may dominantly decay to a bottom quark and a chargino
if the mass difference between the stop and the lightest neutralino is
comparable or less than the top quark mass. Such a moderately compressed
spectrum is a challenging scenario for the stop search at the Large Hadron
Collider, because it is difficult to separate the signals from the top and
anti-top background. In this paper we focus on the di-leptonic decay channel,
and consider many kinematic variables as possible discriminators. These include
several MT2 variables and new "compatible-masses" variables which fully utilize
all kinematic information of the background. We use several sample spectra with
different characteristics to study the efficiencies of these variables in
distinguishing the signal from the background. The finding is that different
combinations of variables or strategies should be used for different spectra to
maximally enhance the signal significance and expand the reach of the stop
search in this scenario. The new variables that we proposed in this paper are
also useful for other new physics searches with di-leptonic top and anti-top
events as the dominant background.


  We consider the Stokes problem in an exterior domain $\Omega \subset \R^n$
with an external force $\bbf \in L^s(0,T; \bW^{k,\, r}(\Omega ))\, (k\in \N,
1<r<\infty)$. In the present paper we show that in contrast to $\bu$ the
boundary regularity of the pressure can be improved according to the
differentiability of $\bbf$ up to order $ k$. In particular, this implies that
the pressure is smooth with respect to $x\in \Omega$ if $\bbf$ is smooth with
respect to $x\in \Omega $.


  The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most
promising candidates for achieving quantum advantage through quantum-enhanced
combinatorial optimization. A near-optimal solution to the combinatorial
optimization problem is achieved by preparing a quantum state through the
optimization of quantum circuit parameters. Optimal QAOA parameter
concentration effects for special MaxCut problem instances have been observed,
but a rigorous study of the subject is still lacking. In this work we show
clustering of optimal QAOA parameters around specific values; consequently,
successful transferability of parameters between different QAOA instances can
be explained and predicted based on local properties of the graphs, including
the type of subgraphs (lightcones) from which graphs are composed as well as
the overall degree of nodes in the graph (parity). We apply this approach to
several instances of random graphs with a varying number of nodes as well as
parity and show that one can use optimal donor graph QAOA parameters as
near-optimal parameters for larger acceptor graphs with comparable
approximation ratios. This work presents a pathway to identifying classes of
combinatorial optimization instances for which variational quantum algorithms
such as QAOA can be substantially accelerated.


  We present a consistent calculation of the structure functions within a
light-front constituent quark model of the nucleon. Relativistic effects and
the relevance of the covariance constraints are analyzed for both polarized and
unpolarized parton distributions. Various models, which differ in their gluonic
structure at the hadronic scale, are investigated. The results of the full
covariant calculation are compared with those of a non-relativistic
approximation to show the structure and magnitude of the differences.


  In this note we define a polynomial invariant for colored links by a skein
relation. It specializes to the Jones polynomial for classical links.


  The Hubble constant value is currently known to 10% accuracy unless
assumptions are made for the cosmology (Sandage et al. 2006). Gravitational
lens systems provide another probe of the Hubble constant using time delay
measurements. However, current investigations of ~20 time delay lenses, albeit
of varying levels of sophistication, have resulted in different values of the
Hubble constant ranging from 50-80 km/s/Mpc. In order to reduce uncertainties,
more time delay measurements are essential together with better determined mass
models (Oguri 2007, Saha et al. 2006). We propose a more efficient technique
for measuring time delays which does not require regular monitoring with a
high-resolution interferometer array. The method uses double image and
long-axis quadruple lens systems in which the brighter component varies first
and dominates the total flux density. Monitoring the total flux density with
low-resolution but high sensitivity radio telescopes provides the variation of
the brighter image and is used to trigger high-resolution observations which
can then be used to see the variation in the fainter image. We present
simulations of this method together with a pilot project using the WSRT
(Westerbork Radio Synthesis Telescope) to trigger VLA (Very Large Array)
observations. This new method is promising for measuring time delays because it
uses relatively small amounts of time on high-resolution telescopes. This will
be important because many SKA pathfinder telescopes, such as MeerKAT (Karoo
Array Telescope) and ASKAP (Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder), have
high sensitivity but limited resolution.


  Upper bounds on the heat transport and other quantities of interest in
Rayleigh-B\'enard convection are derived in previous work from constraints
resulting from the equations of time evolution for kinetic energy, the root
mean square of temperature, and the temperature averaged over horizontal
planes. Here, we investigate the effect of a new constraint derived from the
time evolution equation for the advective heat transport. This additional
constraint leads to improved bounds on the toroidal dissipation.


  We study the non-Hermitian fermionic superfluidity subject to dissipation of
Cooper pairs on a honeycomb lattice, for which we analyze the attractive
Hubbard model with a complex-valued interaction. Remarkably, we demonstrate the
emergence of the dissipation-induced superfluid phase that is anomalously
enlarged by a cusp on the phase boundary. We find that this unconventional
phase transition originates from the interplay between exceptional lines and
van Hove singularity, which has no counterpart in equilibrium. Moreover, we
demonstrate that the infinitesimal dissipation induces the nontrivial
superfluid solution at the critical point. Our results can be tested in
ultracold atoms with photoassociation techniques by postselcting special
measurement outcomes with the use of quantum-gas microscopy and can lead to
understanding the NH many-body physics triggered by exceptional manifolds in
open quantum systems.


  We tackle the question of whether Large Language Models (LLMs), viewed as
dynamical systems with state evolving in the embedding space of symbolic
tokens, are observable. That is, whether there exist multiple 'mental' state
trajectories that yield the same sequence of generated tokens, or sequences
that belong to the same Nerode equivalence class ('meaning'). If not
observable, mental state trajectories ('experiences') evoked by an input
('perception') or by feedback from the model's own state ('thoughts') could
remain self-contained and evolve unbeknown to the user while being potentially
accessible to the model provider. Such "self-contained experiences evoked by
perception or thought" are akin to what the American Psychological Association
(APA) defines as 'feelings'. Beyond the lexical curiosity, we show that current
LLMs implemented by autoregressive Transformers cannot have 'feelings'
according to this definition: The set of state trajectories indistinguishable
from the tokenized output is a singleton. But if there are 'system prompts' not
visible to the user, then the set of indistinguishable trajectories becomes
non-trivial, and there can be multiple state trajectories that yield the same
verbalized output. We prove these claims analytically, and show examples of
modifications to standard LLMs that engender such 'feelings.' Our analysis
sheds light on possible designs that would enable a model to perform
non-trivial computation that is not visible to the user, as well as on controls
that the provider of services using the model could take to prevent unintended
behavior.


  Slow-roll inflationary scenario is considered in non-canonical scalar field
model supposing a power-law function for kinetic term, and using two
formalisms. In the first approach, the potential is considered as a power-law
function, that is the most common approach in studying inflation.
Hamilton-Jacobi approach is selected as the second formalism, so that the
Hubble parameter is introduced as a function of scalar field instead of the
potential. Employing the last observational data, the free parameters of the
model are constrained, and the predicted form of the potential and attractor
behavior of the model are considered in detail.


  Many giant exoplanets in close orbits have observed radii which exceed
theoretical predictions. One suggested explanation for this discrepancy is heat
deposited deep inside the atmospheres of these "hot Jupiters". Here, we study
extended power sources which distribute heat from the photosphere to the deep
interior of the planet. Our analytical treatment is a generalization of a
previous analysis of localized "point sources". We model the deposition profile
as a power law in the optical depth and find that planetary cooling and
contraction halt when the internal luminosity (i.e. cooling rate) of the planet
drops below the heat deposited in the planet's convective region. A slowdown in
the evolutionary cooling prior to equilibrium is possible only for sources
which do not extend to the planet's center. We estimate the Ohmic dissipation
resulting from the interaction between the atmospheric winds and the planet's
magnetic field, and apply our analytical model to Ohmically heated planets. Our
model can account for the observed radii of most inflated planets which have
equilibrium temperatures $\approx 1500\textrm{K}-2500\textrm{K}$, and are
inflated to a radius $\approx 1.6 R_J$. However, some extremely inflated
planets remain unexplained by our model. We also argue that Ohmically inflated
planets have already reached their equilibrium phase, and no longer contract.
Following Wu & Lithwick who argued that Ohmic heating could only suspend and
not reverse contraction, we calculate the time it takes Ohmic heating to
re-inflate a cold planet to its equilibrium configuration. We find that while
it is possible to re-inflate a cold planet, the re-inflation timescales are
longer by a factor of $\approx 30$ than the cooling time.


  We develop a decomposition algorithm for distributionally-robust two-stage
stochastic mixed-integer convex cone programs, and its important special case
of distributionally-robust two-stage stochastic mixed-integer second order cone
programs. This generalizes the algorithm proposed by Sen and
Sherali~[Mathematical Programming 106(2): 203-223, 2006]. We show that the
proposed algorithm is finitely convergent if the second-stage problems are
solved to optimality at incumbent first stage solutions, and solution to an
optimization problem to identify worst-case probability distribution is
available. The second stage problems can be solved using a branch-and-cut
algorithm. The decomposition algorithm is illustrated with an example.
Computational results on a stochastic programming generalization of a facility
location problem show significant solution time improvements from the proposed
approach. Solutions for many models that are intractable for an extensive form
formulation become possible. Computational results suggest that solution time
requirement does not increase significantly when considering distributional
robust counterparts to the stochastic programming models.


  We construct a gravity dual of a boost-invariant flow of an N=4 SU(N)
supersymmetric Yang-Mills gauge theory plasma with chemical potential. We
present both a first-order corrected late-time solution in
Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates and a zeroth-order solution in parametric
form in Fefferman-Graham coordinates. The resulting background takes the form
of a time-dependent AdS Reissner-Nordstroem-type black hole whose horizons move
into the bulk of the AdS space. The solution correctly reproduces the energy
and charge density as well as the viscosity of the plasma previously computed
in the literature.


  We discussed neutrino masses and mixings in SUSY SO(10) model where quarks
and leptons have Yukawa couplings to at least two 10 and one $\bar{126}$ Higgs
scalars. In this model, the Dirac and the right-handed Majorana mass terms are
expressed by linear combinations of quark and charged lepton mass matrices,
which then determine the neutrino mass matrix by the see-saw mechanism. We show
that there are various solutions to reproduce a large mixing angle for
$\nu_\mu-\nu_\tau$ and a small mixing angle for $\nu_e-\nu_\mu$, as well as the
hierarchical mass spectrum of neutrinos.


  We investigate wether three statements in analysis, that can be proved
classically, are realizable in the realizability model of extensional
continuous functionals induced by Kleene's second model $K_2$. We prove that a
formulation of the Riemann Permutation Theorem as well as the statement that
all partially Cauchy sequences are Cauchy cannot be realized in this model,
while the statement that the product of two anti-Specker spaces is anti-Specker
can be realized.


  The higher order generalisation of the clockwork mechanism to gravitational
interactions provides a means to generate an exponentially suppressed coupling
to matter from a fundamental theory of multiple interacting gravitons, without
introducing large hierarchies in the underlying potential and without the need
for a dilaton, suggesting a possible application to the hierarchy problem. We
work in the framework of ghost free multi-gravity with "nearest-neighbour"
interactions, and present a formalism by which one is able to construct
potentials such that the theory will always exhibit this clockwork effect. We
also consider cosmological solutions to the general theory, where all metrics
are of FRW form, with site-dependent scale factors/lapses. We demonstrate the
existence of multiple deSitter vacua where all metrics share the same Hubble
parameter, and we solve the modified Einstein equations numerically for an
example clockwork model constructed using our formalism, finding that the
evolution of the metric that matter couples to is essentially equivalent to
that of general relativity at the modified Planck scale. It is important to
stress that while we focus on the application to clockwork theories, our work
is entirely general and facilitates finding cosmological solutions to any ghost
free multi-gravity theory with "nearest-neighbour" interactions. Moreover, we
clarify previous work on the continuum limit of the theory, which is
generically a scalar-tensor braneworld, using the Randall-Sundrum model as a
special case and showing how the discrete-clockwork cosmological results map to
the continuum results in the appropriate limit.


  We report a neural-network based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) gain
model built from experimental measurements. The model shows low gain-prediction
error for both the same device used for training (MSE $\leq$ 0.04 dB$^2$) and
different physical units of the same make (generalization MSE $\leq$ 0.06
dB$^2$).


  Over the past decade, many approaches have been introduced for traffic speed
prediction. However, providing fine-grained, accurate, time-efficient, and
adaptive traffic speed prediction for a growing transportation network where
the size of the network keeps increasing and new traffic detectors are
constantly deployed has not been well studied. To address this issue, this
paper presents DistTune based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and the
Nelder-Mead method. Whenever encountering an unprocessed detector, DistTune
decides if it should customize an LSTM model for this detector by comparing the
detector with other processed detectors in terms of the normalized traffic
speed patterns they have observed. If similarity is found, DistTune directly
shares an existing LSTM model with this detector to achieve time-efficient
processing. Otherwise, DistTune customizes an LSTM model for the detector to
achieve fine-grained prediction. To make DistTune even more time-efficient,
DistTune performs on a cluster of computing nodes in parallel. To achieve
adaptive traffic speed prediction, DistTune also provides LSTM re-customization
for detectors that suffer from unsatisfactory prediction accuracy due to for
instance traffic speed pattern change. Extensive experiments based on traffic
data collected from freeway I5-N in California are conducted to evaluate the
performance of DistTune. The results demonstrate that DistTune provides
fine-grained, accurate, time-efficient, and adaptive traffic speed prediction
for a growing transportation network.


  Masses of the three generations of charged leptons are known to completely
satisfy the Koide's mass relation. But the question remains if such a relation
exists for neutrinos? In this paper, by considering SeeSaw mechanism as the
mechanism generating tiny neutrino masses, we show how neutrinos satisfy the
Koide's mass relation, on the basis of which we systematically give exact
values of not only left but also right handed neutrino masses.


  Existing object pose estimation methods commonly require a one-to-one point
matching step that forces them to be separated into two consecutive stages:
visual correspondence detection (e.g., by matching feature descriptors as part
of a perception front-end) followed by geometric alignment (e.g., by optimizing
a robust estimation objective for pointcloud registration or
perspective-n-point). Instead, we propose a matching-free probabilistic
formulation with two main benefits: i) it enables unified and concurrent
optimization of both visual correspondence and geometric alignment, and ii) it
can represent different plausible modes of the entire distribution of likely
poses. This in turn allows for a more graceful treatment of geometric
perception scenarios where establishing one-to-one matches between points is
conceptually ill-defined, such as textureless, symmetrical and/or occluded
objects and scenes where the correct pose is uncertain or there are multiple
equally valid solutions.


  For the problem of nonparametric estimation of signal in Gaussian noise we
point out the strong asymptotically minimax estimators on maxisets for linear
estimators (see \cite{ker93,rio}). It turns out that the order of rates of
convergence of Pinsker estimator on this maxisets is worse than the order of
rates of convergence for the class of linear estimators considered on this
maxisets. We show that balls in Sobolev spaces are maxisets for Pinsker
estimators.


  When receiving machine learning services from the cloud, the provider does
not need to receive all features; in fact, only a subset of the features are
necessary for the target prediction task. Discerning this subset is the key
problem of this work. We formulate this problem as a gradient-based
perturbation maximization method that discovers this subset in the input
feature space with respect to the functionality of the prediction model used by
the provider. After identifying the subset, our framework, Cloak, suppresses
the rest of the features using utility-preserving constant values that are
discovered through a separate gradient-based optimization process. We show that
Cloak does not necessarily require collaboration from the service provider
beyond its normal service, and can be applied in scenarios where we only have
black-box access to the service provider's model. We theoretically guarantee
that Cloak's optimizations reduce the upper bound of the Mutual Information
(MI) between the data and the sifted representations that are sent out.
Experimental results show that Cloak reduces the mutual information between the
input and the sifted representations by 85.01% with only a negligible reduction
in utility (1.42%). In addition, we show that Cloak greatly diminishes
adversaries' ability to learn and infer non-conducive features.


  The Chern number is a genuine topological number. On the other hand, a
symmetry protected topological (SPT) charge is a topological number only when a
symmetry exists. We propose a formula for the SPT charge as a derivative of the
Chern number in terms of the Green function in such a way that it is valid and
related to the associated Hall current even when the symmetry is broken. We
estimate the amount of deviation from the quantized value as a function of the
strength of the broken symmetry. We present two examples. First, we consider
Dirac electrons with the spin-orbit coupling on honeycomb lattice, where the
SPT charges are given by the spin-Chern, valley-Chern and spin-valley-Chern
numbers. Though the spin-Chern charge is not quantized in the presence of the
Rashba coupling, the deviation is estimated to be $10^{-7}$ in the case of
silicene, a silicon cousin of graphene. Second, we analyze the effect of the
mirror-symmetry breaking of the mirror-Chern number in a thin-film of
topological crystalline insulator.


  In terms of accuracy, deep learning (DL) models have had considerable success
in classification problems for medical imaging applications. However, it is
well-known that the outputs of such models, which typically utilise the SoftMax
function in the final classification layer can be over-confident, i.e. they are
poorly calibrated. Two competing solutions to this problem have been proposed:
uncertainty-aware training and evidential neural networks (ENNs). In this
paper, we perform an investigation into the improvements to model calibration
that can be achieved by each of these approaches individually, and their
combination. We perform experiments on two classification tasks: a simpler
MNIST digit classification task and a more complex and realistic medical
imaging artefact detection task using Phase Contrast Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
images. The experimental results demonstrate that model calibration can suffer
when the task becomes challenging enough to require a higher-capacity model.
However, in our complex artefact detection task, we saw an improvement in
calibration for both a low and higher-capacity model when implementing both the
ENN and uncertainty-aware training together, indicating that this approach can
offer a promising way to improve calibration in such settings. The findings
highlight the potential use of these approaches to improve model calibration in
a complex application, which would in turn improve clinician trust in DL
models.


  We apply the Low's theorem to soft gluon emission from heavy quark scattering
in the nonperturbative strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP). The sQGP
is described in terms of the dynamical quasi-particles and adjusted to
reproduce the EoS from lQCD at finite temperature and chemical potential. Since
the emitted gluon is soft and of long wavelength, it does not provide
information on the detailed structure of the scattering, and only the emission
from incoming and outgoing partons is enough. It simplifies the calculations
making the scattering amplitude factorizable into the elastic scattering and
the emission of soft gluon. Imposing a proper upper limit on the emitted gluon
energy, we obtain the guage-invariant scattering cross sections of heavy quarks
with the massive partons of the medium as well as their transport coefficients
(momentum drag and diffusion) in the QGP and compare with those from the
elastic scattering without gluon emission.


  We fit an isothermal oscillatory density model to two ALMA/DSHARP-observed
disks, AS 209 and HL Tau, in which planets have presumably already formed and
they are orbiting within the observed seven dark gaps in each system. These
large disks are roughly similar to our solar nebula, albeit they exhibit milder
radial density profiles and they enjoy lower centrifugal support. We find
power-law density profiles with index $k=0.0$ (radial densities $\rho(R)
\propto R^{-1}$) and centrifugal support against self-gravity so small that it
guarantees dynamical stability for millions of years of evolution. The scale
lengths of the models differ only by a factor of 1.9, but the inner cores of
the disks are very different: HL Tau's core is 8.0 times larger and 3.6 times
denser than the core of AS 209. This results in four dark gaps having formed
within the core of HL Tau, whereas no dark gap is found in the core of AS 209.
On the other hand, the Jeans frequencies and the angular velocities of the
cores are comparable to within factors of 1.9 and 1.6, respectively.


  We discuss an alternative approach to quintessence modifying the usual
equation of state of the cosmological fluid in order to see if going further
than the approximation of perfect fluid allows to better reproduce the
available data. We consider a cosmological model comprising only two fluids,
namely baryons (modelled as dust) and dark matter with a Van der Waals equation
of state. First, the general features of the model are presented and then the
evolution of the energy density, the Hubble parameter and the scale factor are
determined showing that it is possible to obtain accelerated expansion choosing
suitably the model parameters. We use the estimated age of the universe and the
data on the dimensionless coordinate distances to Type Ia supernovae and
distant radio galaxies to see whether Van der Waals quintessence is viable to
explain dark energy and to constrain its parameters.


  We present quite a powerful method in investigations of different phenomena
that can appear when neutrinos and electrons propagate in background matter.
This method implies use of exact solutions of modified Dirac equations that
contain the correspondent effective potentials accounting for the matter
influence on particles. For several particular cases the exact solutions of
modified Dirac and Dirac-Pauli equations for a neutrino and an electron in the
background environment of different composition are obtained (the case of
magnetized matter is also considered). Neutrino reflection, trapping, neutrino
pair creation and annihilation in matter and neutrino energy quantization in a
rotating medium are discussed. The neutrino Green functions in matter are also
derived. The two recently proposed mechanisms of electromagnetic radiation by a
neutrino and an electron in matter (the spin light of neutrino and electron,
$SL\nu$ and $SLe$) are considered. A possibility to introduce an effective
"matter-induced Lorentz force" acting on a neutrino and an electron is
discussed. A new mechanism of electromagnetic radiation that can be emitted by
an electron moving in the neutrino background with non-zero gradient of density
is predicted.


  In this paper we analyse the Bianchi IX Universe dynamics within the corner
region associated to the potential term which the spatial curvature induces in
the Minisuperspace. The study is done in the vacuum and in the presence of a
massless scalar field $\phi$ and a cosmological constant term $\Lambda$. We
investigate the dynamics in terms of WKB scenario for which the isotropic
Misner variables (the volume) and one of the two anisotropic ones (and $\phi$
when present) are treated on a semi-classical level, while the remaining
anisotropy degree of freedom, the one trapped in the corner, is described on a
pure quantum level. The quantum dynamics always reduces to the one of a
time-dependent Schr\"{o}edinger equation for a harmonic potential with a time
dependent frequency. The vacuum case is treated in the limits of a collpasing
and an expanding Universe, while the dynamics in presence of $\phi$ and
$\Lambda$ is studied for $t \rightarrow \infty $. In both analysis the quantum
dynamics of the anisotropy variable is associated to a decaying standard
deviation of its probability density, corresponding to a suppression of the
quantum anisotropy associated. In the vacuum case, the corner configuration
becomes an attractor for the dynamics and the evolution resembles that one of a
Taub cosmology in the limit of a non-singular initial Universe. This suggests
that if the Bianchi dynamics enters enough the potential corner then the
initial singularity is removed and a Taub picture emerges. The case when $\phi$
is present well mimics the De-Sitter phase of an inflationary Universe. Here we
show that both the classical and quantum anisotropies are exponentially
suppressed, so that the resulting dynamics corresponds to an isotropic closed
Robertson-Walker geometry.


  Given an ergodic flow $T=(T_t)_{t\in\Bbb R}$, let $I(T)$ be the set of reals
$s\ne 0$ for which the flows $(T_{st})_{t\in\Bbb R}$ and $T$ are isomorphic. It
is proved that $I(T)$ is a Borel subset of $\Bbb R^*$. It carries a natural
Polish group topology which is stronger than the topology induced from $\Bbb
R$. There exists a mixing flow $T$ such that $I(T)$ is an uncountable meager
subset of $\Bbb R^*$. For a generic flow $T$, the transformations $T_{t_1}$ and
$T_{t_2}$ are spectrally disjoint whenever $|t_1|\ne |t_2|$. A generic
transformation (i) embeds into a flow $T$ with $I(T)=\{1\}$ and (ii) does not
embed into a flow with $I(T)\ne \{1\}$. For each countable multiplicative
subgroup $S\subset\Bbb R^*$, it is constructed a Poisson suspension flow $T$
with simple spectrum such that $I(T)=S$. If $S$ is without rational relations
then there is a rank-one weakly mixing rigid flow $T$ with $I(T)=S$.


  Precise knowledge of a laser's wavelength is crucial for applications from
spectroscopy to telecommunications. Here we present a wavemeter which operates
on the Talbot effect. Tone parameter extraction algorithms are used to retrieve
the frequency of the periodic signal obtained in the sampled Talbot
interferogram. Theoretical performance analysis based on the Cram\'er-Rao lower
bound (CRLB) as well as experimental results are presented and discussed. With
this scheme, we experimentally demonstrate a compact and high-precision
wavemeter with below 10 pm single-shot estimation uncertainty under the
3-$\sigma$ criterion around 780 nm.


  Electron transmission through nanosystems is blocked if there are no states
connecting the left and the right reservoir. Electron-electron scattering can
lift this blockade and we show that this feature can be conveniently
implemented by considering a transport model based on many-particle states. We
discuss typical signatures of this phenomena, such as the presence of a current
signal for a finite bias window.


  We have successfully prepared the MgB2 superconducting bulk and powdered
materials by the method of combustion synthesis. The starting materials used in
this study were powders of Mg and B. X-ray powder diffraction pattern was well
assigned to the P6/mmm MgB2 phase. The temperature dependence of magnetization
shows sharp superconducting transition around 38K. The critical current density
can be estimated from the hysteresis of the magnetization curvature using the
Bean's model. The powdered sample shows a high critical current density of
2x10^6 A/cm2 at 5K under the magnetic field of 1T.


  We consider the distributed channel selection problem in the context of
device-to-device (D2D) communication as an underlay to a cellular network.
Underlaid D2D users communicate directly by utilizing the cellular spectrum but
their decisions are not governed by any centralized controller. Selfish D2D
users that compete for access to the resources construct a distributed system,
where the transmission performance depends on channel availability and quality.
This information, however, is difficult to acquire. Moreover, the adverse
effects of D2D users on cellular transmissions should be minimized. In order to
overcome these limitations, we propose a network-assisted distributed channel
selection approach in which D2D users are only allowed to use vacant cellular
channels. This scenario is modeled as a multi-player multi-armed bandit game
with side information, for which a distributed algorithmic solution is
proposed. The solution is a combination of no-regret learning and calibrated
forecasting, and can be applied to a broad class of multi-player stochastic
learning problems, in addition to the formulated channel selection problem.
Analytically, it is established that this approach not only yields vanishing
regret (in comparison to the global optimal solution), but also guarantees that
the empirical joint frequencies of the game converge to the set of correlated
equilibria.


  The isolated neutron star RX J185635-3754 is the closest known neutron star
to the Sun. Based on HST WFPC2 obervations over a 3 year baseline, I report its
proper motion (332 +/- 1 mas/yr at a position angle of 100.3 +/- 0.1 degrees)
and parallax (16.5 +/- 2.3 mas; 61 pc). This proper motion brings the neutron
star from the general vicinity of the Sco-Cen OB association. For an assumed
neutron star radial velocity between -55 and -60 km/s, the runaway O star zeta
Oph, the Upper Sco OB association, and the neutron star come into spatial
coincidence between 0.9 and 1.0 million years ago. RX J185635-3754 may be the
remnant of the original primary of the zeta Oph system. If so, the space
velocity suggests that the neutron star received a kick of about 200 km/s at
birth.


  We study axion effective field theories (EFTs), with a focus on axion
couplings to massive chiral gauge fields. We investigate the EFT interactions
that participate in processes with an axion and two gauge bosons, and we show
that, when massive chiral gauge fields are present, such interactions do not
entirely originate from the usual anomalous EFT terms. We illustrate this both
at the EFT level and by matching to UV-complete theories. In order to assess
the consistency of the Peccei--Quinn (PQ) anomaly matching, it is useful to
introduce an auxiliary, non-dynamical gauge field associated to the PQ
symmetry. When applied to the case of the Standard Model (SM) electroweak
sector, our results imply that anomaly-based sum rules between EFT interactions
are violated when chiral matter is integrated out, which constitutes a smoking
gun of the latter. As an illustration, we study a UV-complete chiral extension
of the SM, containing an axion arising from an extended Higgs sector and heavy
fermionic matter that obtains most of its mass by coupling to the Higgs
doublets. We assess the viability of such a SM extension through electroweak
precision tests, bounds on Higgs rates and direct searches for heavy charged
matter. At energies below the mass of the new chiral fermions, the model
matches onto an EFT where the electroweak gauge symmetry is non-linearly
realised.


  This paper is the third of a series of three, and it is the continuation of
math-ph/0412074 and math-ph/0412075. After reviewing the conformal spacetime
structure, conformal maps are described in Minkowski spacetime as the twisted
adjoint representation of the group Spin_+(2,4), acting on paravectors.
Twistors are then presented via the paravector model of Clifford algebras and
related to conformal maps in the Clifford algebra over the lorentzian R{4,1}$
spacetime. We construct twistors in Minkowski spacetime as algebraic spinors
associated with the Dirac-Clifford algebra Cl(1,3)(C) using one lower spacetime
dimension than standard Clifford algebra formulations, since for this purpose
the Clifford algebra over R{4,1} is also used to describe conformal maps,
instead of R{2,4}. Although some papers have already described twistors using
the algebra Cl(1,3)(C), isomorphic to Cl(4,1), the present formulation sheds
some new light on the use of the paravector model and generalizations.


  LLVM is an infrastructure for code generation and low-level optimizations,
which has been gaining popularity as a backend for both research and industrial
compilers, including many compilers for functional languages. While LLVM
provides a relatively easy path to high-quality native code, its design is
based on a traditional runtime model which is not well suited to alternative
compilation strategies used in high-level language compilers, such as the use
of heap-allocated continuation closures.
  This paper describes a new LLVM-based backend that supports heap-allocated
continuation closures, which enables constant-time callcc and very-lightweight
multithreading. The backend has been implemented in the Parallel ML compiler,
which is part of the Manticore system, but the results should be useful for
other compilers, such as Standard ML of New Jersey, that use heap-allocated
continuation closures.


  We provide an alternative proof that the Chow group of $1$-cycles on a
Severi--Brauer variety associated to a biquaternion division algebra is
torsion-free. There are three proofs of this result in the literature, all of
which are due to Karpenko and rely on a clever use of $K$-theory. The proof
that we give here, by contrast, is geometric and uses degenerations of quartic
elliptic normal curves.


  Damped Lyman-{\alpha} Absorbers (DLAs) as a class of QSO absorption-line
systems are currently our most important source of detailed information on the
cosmic chemical evolution of galaxies. However, the degree to which this
information is biased by dust remains to be understood. One strategy is to
specifically search for QSOs reddened by metal-rich and dusty foreground
absorbers. In this Letter we present the discovery of a z=2.60 QSO strongly
reddened by dust in an intervening extremely-strong DLA at z=2.226. This QSO
was identified through a novel selection combining the astrometric measurements
from ESA's Gaia satellite with extent optical and near/mid-infrared photometry.
We infer a total neutral atomic-hydrogen column density of log
N(HI)=21.95{\pm}0.15 and a lower limit on the gas-phase metallicity of
[Zn/H]>-0.96. This DLA is also remarkable in exhibiting shielded neutral gas
witnessed in CI and tentative detections of CO molecular bands. The Spectral
Energy Distribution (SED) of the QSO is well-accounted for by a normal QSO-SED
reddened by dust from a DLA with a 10%-of-Solar metallicity, dust extinction of
A_V=0.82{\pm}0.02mag, and LMC-like extinction curve including the
characteristic 2175{\AA} extinction feature. Such QSO absorption-line systems
have shown to be very rare in previous surveys, which have mostly revealed
sight-lines with low extinction. The present case therefore suggests that
previous samples have under-represented the fraction of dusty absorbers.
Building a complete sample of such systems is needed to assess the significance
of this effect.


  The manipulation of the helical edge states of two-dimensional topological
insulators is crucial for the development of technological applications.
Recently, an important step forward, namely, the experimental realization of a
quantum point contact between helical edges, has been accomplished. We
theoretically predict that such a quantum point contact, in the presence of a
time periodic applied electric field, is characterized by a topological quantum
phase transition in the Floquet spectrum. Moreover, we show that it is possible
to detect this dynamical topological quantum phase transition by a bare
conductance measurements.


  In this paper we study dynamical systems generated by a gonosomal evolution
operator of a bisexual population. We find explicitly all (uncountable set) of
fixed points of the operator. It is shown that each fixed point has eigenvalues
less or equal to 1. Moreover, we show that each trajectory converges to a fixed
point, i.e. the operator is reqular. There are uncountable family of invariant
sets each of which consisting unique fixed point. Thus there is one-to-one
correspondence between such invariant sets and the set of fixed points. Any
trajectory started at a point of the invariant set converges to the
corresponding fixed point.


  In this paper, we resort to the TensorFlow framework to investigate the
benefits of applying data vectorization and fitness caching methods to domain
evaluation in Genetic Programming. For this purpose, an independent engine was
developed, TensorGP, along with a testing suite to extract comparative timing
results across different architectures and amongst both iterative and
vectorized approaches. Our performance benchmarks demonstrate that by
exploiting the TensorFlow eager execution model, performance gains of up to two
orders of magnitude can be achieved on a parallel approach running on dedicated
hardware when compared to a standard iterative approach.


  We propose a linear finite-element discretization of Dirichlet problems for
static Hamilton-Jacobi equations on unstructured triangulations. The
discretization is based on simplified localized Dirichlet problems that are
solved by a local variational principle. It generalizes several approaches
known in the literature and allows for a simple and transparent convergence
theory. In this paper the resulting system of nonlinear equations is solved by
an adaptive Gauss-Seidel iteration that is easily implemented and quite
effective as a couple of numerical experiments show.


  Synchrotron light sources and X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facilities are
unique tools providing extremely brilliant X-rays that allow the observation of
matter with atomic spatial resolution. On the one hand, synchrotron light
sources consist of electron circular accelerators and produce synchrotron
radiation in bending magnets and undulators. On the other hand, X-ray FEL
facilities are based on electron linear accelerators and generate more coherent
and shorter pulses suitable for time-resolved experiments. In this contribution
we will qualitatively describe synchrotron and X-ray FEL facilities. We will
start explaining some fundamental concepts related to synchrotron and FEL
radiation. We will then describe the two kinds of machines, including the
history and current facilities, the typical layout, and some basic concepts
about the electron beam dynamics and properties.


  We experimentally investigate the atom optics kicked particle at quantum
resonance using finite duration kicks. Even though the underlying process is
quantum interference it can be well described by an $\epsilon$-pseudoclassical
model. The $\epsilon$-pseudoclassical model agrees well with our experiments
for a wide range of parameters. We investigate the parameters yielding maximal
momentum transfer to the atoms and find that this occurs in the regime where
neither the short pulse approximation nor the Bragg condition is valid.
Nonetheless, the momentum transferred to the atoms can be predicted using a
simple scaling law, which provides a powerful tool for choosing optimal
experimental parameters. We demonstrate this in a measurement of the Talbot
time (from which $h/M$ can be deduced), in which we coherently split atomic
wave-functions into superpositions of momentum states that differ by 200 photon
recoils. Our work may provide a convenient way to implement large momentum
difference beam splitters in atom interferometers.


  We consider a vibrating triangular mass-truss lattice whose unit cell
contains a resonator of a triangular shape. The resonators are connected to the
triangular lattice by trusses. Each resonator is tilted, i.e. it is rotated
with respect to the triangular lattice's unit cell through an angle
$\vartheta_0$. This geometrical parameter is responsible for the emergence of a
resonant mode in the Bloch spectrum for elastic waves and strongly affects the
dispersive properties of the lattice. Additionally, the tilting angle
$\vartheta_0$ triggers the opening of a band gap at a Dirac-like point. We
provide a physical interpretation of these phenomena and discuss the dynamical
implications on elastic Bloch waves. The dispersion properties are used to
design a structured interface containing tilted resonators which exhibit
negative refraction and focussing, as in a "flat elastic lens".


  By means of high-resolution N-body simulations in a LambdaCDM cosmology, we
verify that scaling relations similar to those observed for nearby galaxy
clusters are also defined by their dark matter hosts; the slopes, however, are
not the same. We then show that the scaling relations of galaxy clusters can be
explained as the result of the cosmological collapse of density fluctuations at
the appropriate scales, plus a systematic trend of the M/L ratio with cluster
mass. The empirical fact that the exponent of the Faber-Jackson relation of
elliptical galaxies is significantly different (higher) than that of clusters,
force us to conclude that the galaxy scaling laws might derive from the
cosmological collapse of density fluctuations at the epoch when galactic scales
became non-linear, plus modifications afterward due to early-time dissipative
merging.


  The constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method is used with the Gogny
interaction D1S to calculate potential energy surfaces of fissioning nuclei
${}^{226}$Th and ${}^{256,258,260}$Fm up to very large deformations. The
constraints employed are the mass quadrupole and octupole moments. In this
subspace of collective coordinates, many scission configurations are identified
ranging from symmetric to highly asymmetric fragmentations. Corresponding
fragment properties at scission are derived yielding fragment deformations,
deformation energies, energy partitioning, neutron binding energies at
scission, neutron multiplicities, charge polarization and total fragment
kinetic energies.


  One of the most notorious non-Fermi liquid properties of both archetypal
heavy-fermion systems [1-4] and the high-Tc copper oxide superconductors [5] is
an electrical resistivity that evolves linearly with temperature, T. In the
heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 [5], this linear behaviour was one of the
first indications of the presence of a zero-temperature instability, or quantum
critical point. Here, we report the observation of a unique control parameter
of T-linear scattering in CeCoIn5, found through systematic chemical
substitutions of both magnetic and non-magnetic rare-earth, R, ions into the Ce
sub-lattice. We find that the evolution of inelastic scattering in Ce1-xRxCoIn5
is strongly dependent on the f-electron configuration of the R ion, whereas two
other key properties -- Cooper-pair breaking and Kondo-lattice coherence -- are
not. Thus, T-linear resistivity in CeCoIn5 is intimately related to the nature
of incoherent scattering centers in the Kondo lattice, which provides insight
into the anomalous scattering rate synonymous with quantum criticality [7].


  Human activity recognition (HAR) has been a classic research problem. In
particular, with recent machine learning (ML) techniques, the recognition task
has been largely investigated by companies and integrated into their products
for customers. However, most of them apply a predefined activity set and
conduct the learning process on the cloud, hindering specific personalizations
from end users (i.e., edge devices). Even though recent progress in Incremental
Learning allows learning new-class data on the fly, the learning process is
generally conducted on the cloud, requiring constant data exchange between
cloud and edge devices, thus leading to data privacy issues. In this paper, we
propose PILOTE, which pushes the incremental learning process to the extreme
edge, while providing reliable data privacy and practical utility, e.g., low
processing latency, personalization, etc. In particular, we consider the
practical challenge of extremely limited data during the incremental learning
process on edge, where catastrophic forgetting is required to be handled in a
practical way. We validate PILOTE with extensive experiments on human activity
data collected from mobile sensors. The results show PILOTE can work on edge
devices with extremely limited resources while providing reliable performance.


  The structure of a signed fundamental solution of a conservation law is
studied without the convexity assumption. The types of shocks and rarefaction
waves are classified together with their interactions. A comprehensive picture
of a global dynamics of a nonconvex flux is discussed in terms of
characteristic maps and dynamical convex-concave envelopes.


  (abridged) Within the Orion A molecular cloud, the integral-shaped filament
(ISF) is a prominent, degree-long structure of dense gas and dust, with clear
signs of recent and on-going high-mass star formation. We used the ArTeMiS
bolometer camera at APEX to map a 0.6x0.2 deg^2 region covering OMC-1, OMC-2,
OMC-3 at 350 and 450 micron. We combined these data with Herschel-SPIRE maps to
recover extended emission. The combined Herschel-ArTeMiS maps provide details
on the distribution of dense, cold material, with a high spatial dynamic range,
from our 8'' resolution (0.016 pc) up to the size of the map ~10-15 deg. By
combining Herschel and ArTeMiS data at 160, 250, 350 and 450 micron, we
constructed high-resolution temperature and H2 column density maps. We
extracted radial profiles from the column density map in several,
representative portions of the ISF, that we fitted with Gaussian and Plummer
models to derive their intrinsic widths. We also compared the distribution of
material traced by ArTeMiS with that seen in the higher density tracer
N2H+(1-0) recently observed with the ALMA interferometer. All the radial
profiles that we extracted show clear deviation from a Gaussian, with evidence
for an inner plateau, previously not seen using Herschel-only data. We measure
intrinsic half-power widths in the range 0.06 to 0.11 pc. This is significantly
larger than the Gaussian widths measured for fibers seen in N2H+, which
probably traces only the dense innermost regions of the large-scale filament.
These half-power widths are within a factor of two of the value of 0.1 pc found
for a large sample of nearby filaments in various low-mass star-forming
regions, which tends to indicate that the physical conditions governing the
fragmentation of prestellar cores within transcritical or supercritical
filaments are the same over a large range of masses per unit length.


  Storage-concerned economic dispatch (ED) problems with complementarity
constraints are strongly non-convex and hard to solve because traditional
Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions do not hold in this condition. In our
recent paper, we proposed a new exact relaxation method which directly removes
the complementarity constraints from the model to make it convex and easier to
solve. This paper further extends our previous study, with more than one group
of sufficient conditions that guarantee the exact relaxation presented, proven
and discussed. This paper may contribute to wider application of the exact
relaxation in storage-concerned ED problems.


  In this short note we use the flat space limit and the relation between the
4-pt correlation function of the bottom and top components of the stress tensor
multiplet to constraint its stringy corrections at strong coupling in the
planar limit. Then we use this four point function to compute corrections to
the anomalous dimension of double trace operators of the Lagrangian density and
to compute energy-energy correlators at strong coupling.


  Machine learning techniques have been used to quantify the relationship
between local structural features and variations in local dynamical activity in
disordered glass-forming materials. To date these methods have been applied to
an array of standard (Arrhenius and super-Arrhenius) glass formers, where work
on "soft spots" indicates a connection between the linear vibrational response
of a configuration and the energy barriers to non-linear deformations. Here we
study the Voronoi model, which takes its inspiration from dense epithelial
monolayers and which displays anomalous, sub-Arrhenius scaling of its dynamical
relaxation time with decreasing temperature. Despite these differences, we find
that the likelihood of rearrangements can vary by several orders of magnitude
within the model tissue and extract a local structural quantity, "softness"
that accurately predicts the temperature-dependence of the relaxation time. We
use an information-theoretic measure to quantify the extent to which softness
determines impending topological rearrangements; we find that softness captures
nearly all of the information about rearrangements that is obtainable from
structure, and that this information is large in the solid phase of the model
and decreases rapidly as state variables are varied into the fluid phase.


  An analysis of calibration for reduced-order models (ROMs) is presented in
this work. The Galerkin and least-squares Petrov-Galerkin (LSPG) methods are
tested on compressible flows involving a disparity of temporal scales. A novel
calibration strategy is proposed for the LSPG method and two test cases are
analyzed. The first consists of a subsonic airfoil flow where boundary layer
instabilities are responsible for trailing-edge noise generation and the second
comprises a supersonic airfoil flow with a transient period where a detached
shock wave propagates upstream at the same time that shock-vortex interaction
occurs at the trailing edge. Results show that calibration produces stable and
long-time accurate for both cases. In order to reduce the computational costs
of the LSPG models, an accelerated greedy missing point estimation (MPE)
algorithm is employed for hyper-reduction. For the first case investigated,
LSPG solutions obtained with hyper-reduction show good comparison with those
obtained by the full order model. However, for the supersonic case the
transient features of the flow need to be properly captured by the sampled
points. Otherwise, the dynamics of the moving shock wave are not fully
recovered. The impact of different time-marching schemes is also assessed and,
differently than reported in literature, Galerkin models are shown to be more
accurate than those computed by LSPG when the non-conservative form of the
Navier-Stokes equations are solved. For the supersonic case, the Galerkin and
LSPG models (without hyper-reduction) capture the overall dynamics of the
detached and oblique shock waves along the airfoil. However, when shock-vortex
interaction occurs at the trailing-edge, the Galerkin ROM is able to capture
the high-frequency fluctuations from vortex shedding while the LSPG presents a
more dissipative solution, not being able to recover the flow dynamics.


  We investigate type I second harmonic generation in III-V semiconductor wire
waveguides aligned with a crystallographic axis. In this direction, because of
the single nonzero tensor element of III-V semiconductors, only frequency
conversion by mixing with the longitudinal components of the optical fields is
allowed. We experimentally study the impact of the propagation direction on the
conversion efficiency and confirm the role played by the longitudinal
components through the excitation of an antisymmetric second harmonic higher
order mode.


  We review some examples of heterotic/type II string duality which shed light
on the infrared dynamics of string compactifications with N=2 and N=1
supersymmetry in four dimensions.


  A new mechanism has been proposed to simultaneously explain the presence of
dark matter and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. This scenario
predicts exotic $B$ meson decays into a baryon and a dark sector anti-baryon
($\psi_D$) with branching fractions accessible at $B$ factories. We present a
search for $B \rightarrow \Lambda \psi_D$ decays using data collected by the
$BABAR$ experiment at SLAC. This reaction is identified by fully reconstructing
the accompanying $B$ meson and requiring the presence of a single $\Lambda$
baryon in the remaining particles. No significant signal is observed, and
bounds on the $B \rightarrow \Lambda \psi_D$ branching fraction are derived in
the range $0.13 - 5.2\times 10^{-5}$ for $1.0 < m_{\psi_D} < 4.2$ GeV/$c^{2}$.
These results set strong constraints on the parameter space allowed by the
theory.


  We study the decays of $\Lambda_b \to \Lambda_c(\to B_n f) \ell ^-
\overline{\nu}$ with $\ell = e, \mu, \tau$, where $B_n$ and $f$ are the
daughter baryons and the rest of the particles in $\Lambda_c$ cascade decays,
respectively. In particular, we examine the full angular distributions with
polarized $\Lambda_b$ and lepton mass effects, in which the time-reversal
asymmetries are identified. We concentrate on the decay modes of $\Lambda_b \to
\Lambda_c(\to p K^- \pi^+) \ell ^- \overline{\nu}$ to demonstrate their
experimental feasibility. We show that the observables associated with the
time-reversal asymmetries are useful to search for new physics as they vanish
in the standard model. Explicitly, we find that they are sensitive to the
right-handed current from new physics, and possible to be observed at LHCb.


  The high frequency dynamics of Indomethacin and Celecoxib glasses has been
investigated by inelastic x-ray scattering, accessing a momentum-energy region
still unexplored in amorphous pharmaceuticals. We find evidence of phonon-like
acoustic dynamics, and determine the THz behavior of sound velocity and
acoustic attenuation. Connections with ordinary sound propagation are
discussed, along with the relation between fast and slow degrees of freedom as
represented by non-ergodicity factor and kinetic fragility, respectively.