  We discuss $\mathrm{L}^p$ fiber spaces which appear, e.g., as extrapolation
spaces of unbounded multiplication operators which in turn are motivated, for
instance, by non-autonomous evolution equations.


  This paper is devoted to the study of hyperbolic systems of linear partial
differential equations perturbed by a Brownian motion. The existence and
uniqueness of solutions are proved by an energy method. The specific features
of this class of stochastic partial differential equations are highlighted and
the comparison with standard existence results for SPDEs is discussed. The
small perturbations problem is studied and a large deviation principle is
stated. A pathwise approximation result, similar to the stochastic differential
equations case, is established, with an application to a support theorem.


  The general consensus in the N-body community is that statistical results of
an ensemble of collisional N-body simulations are accurate, even though
individual simulations are not. A way to test this hypothesis is to make a
direct comparison of an ensemble of solutions obtained by conventional methods
with an ensemble of true solutions. In order to make this possible, we wrote an
N-body code called Brutus, that uses arbitrary-precision arithmetic. In
combination with the Bulirsch--Stoer method, Brutus is able to obtain converged
solutions, which are true up to a specified number of digits. We perform
simulations of democratic 3-body systems, where after a sequence of resonances
and ejections, a final configuration is reached consisting of a permanent
binary and an escaping star. We do this with conventional double-precision
methods, and with Brutus; both have the same set of initial conditions and
initial realisations. The ensemble of solutions from the conventional
simulations is compared directly to that of the converged simulations, both as
an ensemble and on an individual basis to determine the distribution of the
errors. We find that on average at least half of the conventional simulations
diverge from the converged solution, such that the two solutions are
microscopically incomparable. For the solutions which have not diverged
significantly, we observe that if the integrator has a bias in energy and
angular momentum, this propagates to a bias in the statistical properties of
the binaries. In the case when the conventional solution has diverged onto an
entirely different trajectory in phase-space, we find that the errors are
centred around zero and symmetric; the error due to divergence is unbiased, as
long as the time-step parameter, eta <= 2^(-5) and when simulations which
violate energy conservation by more than 10% are excluded.


  The 11-year solar cycle is the dominant pattern of solar activity reflecting
the oscillatory dynamo mechanism in the Sun. Solar cycles were directly
observed since 1700, while indirect proxies suggest their existence over a much
longer period of time but generally without resolving individual cycles and
their continuity. Here we reconstruct individual cycles for the last millennium
using recent 14C data and state-of-the-art models. Starting with the 14C
production rate determined from the so far most precise measurements of
radiocarbon content in tree rings, solar activity is reconstructed in three
physics-based steps: (1) Correction of the 14C production rate for the changing
geomagnetic field; (2) Computation of the open solar magnetic flux; and (3)
Conversion into sunspot numbers outside of grand minima. Solar activity is
reconstructed for the period 971-1900 (85 individual cycles). This more than
doubles the number of solar cycles known from direct solar observations. We
found that lengths and strengths of well-defined cycles outside grand minima
are consistent with those obtained from the direct sunspot observations after
1750. The validity of the Waldmeier rule is confirmed at a highly significant
level. Solar activity is found to be in a deep grand minimum when the activity
is mostly below the sunspot formation threshold, during about 250 years.
Therefore, although considerable cyclic variability in 14C is seen even during
grand minima, individual solar cycles can hardly be reliably resolved therein.
Three potential solar particle events, ca. 994, 1052 and 1279 AD, are shown. A
new about 1000-year long solar activity reconstruction, in the form of annual
(pseudo) sunspot numbers with full assessment of uncertainties, is presented
based on new high-precision 14C measurements and state-of-the-art models, more
than doubling the number of individually resolved solar cycles.


  We present a new explicit class of black holes in general quadratic gravity
with a cosmological constant. These spherically symmetric
Schwarzschild-Bach-(anti-)de Sitter geometries (Schwa-Bach-(A)dS), derived
under the assumption of constant scalar curvature, form a three-parameter
family determined by the black-hole horizon position, the value of Bach
invariant on the horizon, and the cosmological constant. Using a conformal to
Kundt metric ansatz, the fourth-order field equations simplify to a compact
autonomous system. Its solutions are found as power series, enabling us to
directly set the Bach parameter and/or cosmological constant equal to zero. To
interpret these spacetimes, we analyse the metric functions. In particular, we
demonstrate that for a certain range of positive cosmological constant there
are both black-hole and cosmological horizons, with a static region between
them. The tidal effects on free test particles and basic thermodynamic
quantities are also determined.


  We report small-angle neutron scattering measurements of the vortex lattice
(VL) structure in single crystals of the lightly underdoped cuprate
superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.85. At 2 K, and for fields of up to 16 T applied
parallel to the crystal c-axis, we observe a sequence of field-driven and
first-order transitions between different VL structures. By rotating the field
away from the c-axis, we observe each structure transition to shift to either
higher or lower field dependent on whether the field is rotated towards the
[100] or [010] direction. We use this latter observation to argue that the
Fermi surface morphology must play a key role in the mechanisms that drive the
VL structure transitions. Furthermore, we show this interpretation is
compatible with analogous results obtained previously on lightly overdoped
YBa2Cu3O7. In that material, it has long-been suggested that the high field VL
structure transition is driven by the nodal gap anisotropy. In contrast, the
results and discussion presented here bring into question the role, if any, of
a nodal gap anisotropy on the VL structure transitions in both YBa2Cu3O6.85 and
YBa2Cu3O7.


  Small-scale dark matter structure within the Milky Way is expected to affect
pulsar timing. The change in gravitational potential induced by a dark matter
halo passing near the line of sight to a pulsar would produce a varying delay
in the light travel time of photons from the pulsar. Individual transits
produce an effect that would either be too rare or too weak to be detected in
30-year pulsar observations. However, a population of dark matter subhalos
would be expected to produce a detectable effect on the measured properties of
pulsars if the subhalos constitute a significant fraction of the total halo
mass. The effect is to increase the dispersion of measured period derivatives
across the pulsar population. By statistical analysis of the ATNF pulsar
catalogue, we place an upper limit on this dispersion of $\log \sigma_{\dot{P}}
\leq -17.05$. We use this to place strong upper limits on the number density of
ultracompact minihalos within the Milky Way. These limits are completely
independent of the particle nature of dark matter.


  We propose a new principle to realize flatbands which are robust in real
materials, based on a network superstructure of one-dimensional segments. This
mechanism is naturally realized in the nearly commensurate charge-density wave
of 1T-TaS${}_2$ with the honeycomb network of conducting domain walls, and the
resulting flatband can naturally explain the enhanced superconductivity. We
also show that corner states, which are a hallmark of the higher-order
topological insulators, appear in the network superstructure.


  Real-time recognition of dynamic hand gestures from video streams is a
challenging task since (i) there is no indication when a gesture starts and
ends in the video, (ii) performed gestures should only be recognized once, and
(iii) the entire architecture should be designed considering the memory and
power budget. In this work, we address these challenges by proposing a
hierarchical structure enabling offline-working convolutional neural network
(CNN) architectures to operate online efficiently by using sliding window
approach. The proposed architecture consists of two models: (1) A detector
which is a lightweight CNN architecture to detect gestures and (2) a classifier
which is a deep CNN to classify the detected gestures. In order to evaluate the
single-time activations of the detected gestures, we propose to use Levenshtein
distance as an evaluation metric since it can measure misclassifications,
multiple detections, and missing detections at the same time. We evaluate our
architecture on two publicly available datasets - EgoGesture and NVIDIA Dynamic
Hand Gesture Datasets - which require temporal detection and classification of
the performed hand gestures. ResNeXt-101 model, which is used as a classifier,
achieves the state-of-the-art offline classification accuracy of 94.04% and
83.82% for depth modality on EgoGesture and NVIDIA benchmarks, respectively. In
real-time detection and classification, we obtain considerable early detections
while achieving performances close to offline operation. The codes and
pretrained models used in this work are publicly available.


  The influence of atomic vibrations on x-ray absorption near edge structure
(XANES) is calculated by assuming that vibrational energies are small with
respect to the instrumental resolution. The resulting expression shows that, at
the K-edge, vibrations enable electric dipole transitions to 3s and 3d final
states. The theory is applied to the K-edge of Al in Al2O3 corundum and of Ti
in TiO2 rutile and compared with experiment. At the Al K-edge, sizeable
transitions towards 3s final states are obtained, leading to a clear
improvement of the agreement with experimental spectra. At the Ti K-edge,
electric dipole transitions towards 3d final states explain the temperature
dependence of the pre-edge features.


  This article is mostly a writeup of two talks, the first given in the Besse
Seminar at the Ecole Polytechnique in 1998 and the second given at the 2000
International Congress on Differential Geometry in memory of Alfred Gray in
Bilbao, Spain.
  It begins with a discussion of basic geometry of almost complex 6-manifolds.
In particular, I define a 2-parameter family of intrinsic first-order
functionals on almost complex structures on 6-manifolds and compute their
Euler-Lagrange equations.
  It also includes a discussion of a natural generalization of holomorphic
bundles over complex manifolds to the almost complex case. The general almost
complex manifold will not admit any nontrivial bundles of this type, but there
is a large class of nonintegrable almost complex manifolds for which there are
such nontrivial bundles. For example, the standard almost complex structure on
the 6-sphere admits such nontrivial bundles.
  This class of almost complex manifolds in dimension 6 will be referred to as
quasi-integrable. Some of the properties of quasi-integrable structures (both
almost complex and unitary) are developed and some examples are given. However,
it turns out that quasi-integrability is not an involutive condition, so the
full generality of these structures in Cartan's sense is not well-understood.


  The University of Bologna has a long tradition in Digital Humanities, both at
the level of research and teaching. In this article, we want to introduce some
experiences in developing new educational models based on the idea of
transversal learning, collaborative approaches and projects-oriented outputs,
together with the definition of research fields within this vast domain,
accompanied by practical examples. The creation of an international master's
degree (DHDK), a PhD (CHeDE) and a research centre (/DH.arc) are the results of
refining our notion of Digital Humanities in a new bidirectional way: to
reflect on computational methodologies and models in the cultural sphere and to
suggest a cultural approach to Informatics.


  The physics of dirty bosons highlights the intriguing interplay of disorder
and interactions in quantum systems, playing a central role in describing, for
instance, ultracold gases in a random potential, doped quantum magnets, and
amorphous superconductors. Here, we demonstrate how quantum computers can be
used to elucidate the physics of dirty bosons in one and two dimensions.
Specifically, we explore the disorder-induced delocalized-to-localized
transition using adiabatic state preparation. In one dimension, the quantum
circuits can be compressed to small enough depths for execution on currently
available quantum computers. In two dimensions, the compression scheme is no
longer applicable, thereby requiring the use of large-scale classical state
vector simulations to emulate quantum computer performance. In addition,
simulating interacting bosons via emulation of a noisy quantum computer allowed
us to study the effect of quantum hardware noise on the physical properties of
the simulated system. Our results suggest that scaling laws control how noise
modifies observables versus its strength, the circuit depth, and the number of
qubits. Moreover, we observe that noise impacts the delocalized and localized
phases differently. A better understanding of how noise alters the genuine
properties of the simulated system is essential for leveraging noisy
intermediate-scale quantum devices for simulation of dirty bosons, and indeed
for condensed matter systems in general.


  In this work, we extend the recently established system-bath entanglement
theorem (SBET) [J. Chem. Phys. 152, 034102 (2020)] to the nonequilibrium
scenario, in which an arbitrary system couples to multiple Gaussian baths
environments at different temperatures. While the existing SBET connects the
entangled system-bath response functions to those of local systems, the
extended theory is concerned with the nonequilibrium steady-state quantum
transport current through molecular junctions. The new theory is established on
the basis of the generalized Langevin equation, with a close relation to
nonequilibrium thermodynamics in the quantum regime.


  The ground truth for cascading failure in power system can only be obtained
through a detailed dynamic model involving nonlinear differential and algebraic
equations whose solution process is computationally expensive. This has
prohibited adoption of such models for cascading failure simulation. To solve
this, we propose a fast cascading failure simulation approach based on implicit
Backward Euler method (BEM) with stiff decay property. Unfortunately, BEM
suffers from hyperstability issue in case of oscillatory instability and
converges to the unstable equilibrium. We propose a predictor-corrector
approach to fully address the hyperstability issue in BEM. The predictor
identifies oscillatory instability based on eigendecomposition of the system
matrix at the post-disturbance unstable equilibrium obtained as a byproduct of
BEM. The corrector uses right eigenvectors to identify the group of machines
participating in the unstable mode. This helps in applying appropriate
protection schemes as in ground truth. We use Trapezoidal method (TM)-based
simulation as the benchmark to validate the results of the proposed approach on
the IEEE 118-bus network, 2,383-bus Polish grid, and IEEE 68-bus system. The
proposed approach is able to track the cascade path and replicate the end
results of TM-based simulation with very high accuracy while reducing the
average simulation time by approximately 10-35 fold. The proposed approach was
also compared with the partitioned method, which led to similar conclusions.


  We discuss the BFKL equation with a running gauge coupling and identify in
its solutions the contributions originating from different transverse momentum
scales. We show that for a running coupling constant the distribution of the
gluons making up the BFKL Pomeron shifts to smaller transverse momenta so that
the dominant part of Pomeron can have a nonperturbative origin. It is
demonstrated how this soft physics enters into the BFKL solution through the
boundary condition. We consider two kinematical regimes leading to different
behaviour of the rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the gluon
distribution. In the diffusion approximation to the BFKL kernel with running
$\alpha_s$, we find a sequence of poles which replaces the cut for fixed
$\alpha_s$. The second regime corresponds to the singular part of the kernel,
which gives the dominant contribution in the limit of very large transverse
momenta. Finally, a simple more general picture is obtained for the QCD Pomeron
in hard processes: it is of soft, nonperturbative nature, but has hard ends of
DGLAP-type.


  We introduce Bootstrap Your Own Latent (BYOL), a new approach to
self-supervised image representation learning. BYOL relies on two neural
networks, referred to as online and target networks, that interact and learn
from each other. From an augmented view of an image, we train the online
network to predict the target network representation of the same image under a
different augmented view. At the same time, we update the target network with a
slow-moving average of the online network. While state-of-the art methods rely
on negative pairs, BYOL achieves a new state of the art without them. BYOL
reaches $74.3\%$ top-1 classification accuracy on ImageNet using a linear
evaluation with a ResNet-50 architecture and $79.6\%$ with a larger ResNet. We
show that BYOL performs on par or better than the current state of the art on
both transfer and semi-supervised benchmarks. Our implementation and pretrained
models are given on GitHub.


  Differentially private triangle counting in graphs is essential for analyzing
connection patterns and calculating clustering coefficients while protecting
sensitive individual information. Previous works have relied on either central
or local models to enforce differential privacy. However, a significant utility
gap exists between the central and local models of differentially private
triangle counting, depending on whether or not a trusted server is needed. In
particular, the central model provides a high accuracy but necessitates a
trusted server. The local model does not require a trusted server but suffers
from limited accuracy. Our paper introduces a crypto-assisted differentially
private triangle counting system, named CARGO, leveraging cryptographic
building blocks to improve the effectiveness of differentially private triangle
counting without assumption of trusted servers. It achieves high utility
similar to the central model but without the need for a trusted server like the
local model. CARGO consists of three main components. First, we introduce a
similarity-based projection method that reduces the global sensitivity while
preserving more triangles via triangle homogeneity. Second, we present a
triangle counting scheme based on the additive secret sharing that securely and
accurately computes the triangles while protecting sensitive information.
Third, we design a distributed perturbation algorithm that perturbs the
triangle count with minimal but sufficient noise. We also provide a
comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of our proposed methods.
Extensive experiments demonstrate that our CARGO significantly outperforms the
local model in terms of utility and achieves high-utility triangle counting
comparable to the central model.


  How does the percolation transition behave in the absence of quenched
randomness? To address this question, we study two nonrandom self-dual
quasiperiodic models of square-lattice bond percolation. In both models, the
critical point has emergent discrete scale invariance, but none of the
additional emergent conformal symmetry of critical random percolation. From the
discrete sequences of critical clusters, we find fractal dimensions of
$D_f=1.911943(1)$ and $D_f=1.707234(40)$ for the two models, significantly
different from $D_f=91/48=1.89583...$ of random percolation. The critical
exponents $\nu$, determined through a numerical study of cluster sizes and
wrapping probabilities on a torus, are also well below the $\nu=4/3$ of random
percolation. While these new models do not appear to belong to a universality
class, they demonstrate how the removal of randomness can fundamentally change
the critical behavior.


  The Murphy operators in the Hecke algebra H_n of type A are explicit
commuting elements, whose symmetric functions are central in H_n. In [Skein
theory and the Murphy operators, J. Knot Theory Ramif. 11 (2002), 475-492] I
defined geometrically a homomorphism from the Homfly skein C of the annulus to
the centre of each algebra H_n, and found an element P_m in C, independent of
n, whose image, up to an explicit linear combination with the identity of H_n,
is the m-th power sum of the Murphy operators. The aim of this paper is to give
simple geometric representatives for the elements P_m, and to discuss their
role in a similar construction for central elements of an extended family of
algebras H_{n,p}.


  Text-driven diffusion models have unlocked unprecedented abilities in image
generation, whereas their video counterpart still lags behind due to the
excessive training cost of temporal modeling. Besides the training burden, the
generated videos also suffer from appearance inconsistency and structural
flickers, especially in long video synthesis. To address these challenges, we
design a \emph{training-free} framework called \textbf{ControlVideo} to enable
natural and efficient text-to-video generation. ControlVideo, adapted from
ControlNet, leverages coarsely structural consistency from input motion
sequences, and introduces three modules to improve video generation. Firstly,
to ensure appearance coherence between frames, ControlVideo adds fully
cross-frame interaction in self-attention modules. Secondly, to mitigate the
flicker effect, it introduces an interleaved-frame smoother that employs frame
interpolation on alternated frames. Finally, to produce long videos
efficiently, it utilizes a hierarchical sampler that separately synthesizes
each short clip with holistic coherency. Empowered with these modules,
ControlVideo outperforms the state-of-the-arts on extensive motion-prompt pairs
quantitatively and qualitatively. Notably, thanks to the efficient designs, it
generates both short and long videos within several minutes using one NVIDIA
2080Ti. Code is available at https://github.com/YBYBZhang/ControlVideo.


  We propose a method for the resummation of divergent perturbative expansions
in quantum electrodynamics and related field theories. The method is based on a
nonlinear sequence transformation and uses as input data only the numerical
values of a finite number of perturbative coefficients. The results obtained in
this way are for alternating series superior to those obtained using Pad\'{e}
approximants. The nonlinear sequence transformation fulfills an
accuracy-through-order relation and can be used to predict perturbative
coefficients. In many cases, these predictions are closer to available analytic
results than predictions obtained using the Pad\'{e} method.


  In this paper, we present a fast implementation of the Singular Value
Thresholding (SVT) algorithm for matrix completion. A rank-revealing randomized
singular value decomposition (R3SVD) algorithm is used to adaptively carry out
partial singular value decomposition (SVD) to fast approximate the SVT operator
given a desired, fixed precision. We extend the R3SVD algorithm to a recycling
rank revealing randomized singular value decomposition (R4SVD) algorithm by
reusing the left singular vectors obtained from the previous iteration as the
approximate basis in the current iteration, where the computational cost for
partial SVD at each SVT iteration is significantly reduced. A simulated
annealing style cooling mechanism is employed to adaptively adjust the low-rank
approximation precision threshold as SVT progresses. Our fast SVT
implementation is effective in both large and small matrices, which is
demonstrated in matrix completion applications including image recovery and
movie recommendation system.


  The ability of reasoning over evidence has received increasing attention in
question answering (QA). Recently, natural language database (NLDB) conducts
complex QA in knowledge base with textual evidences rather than structured
representations, this task attracts a lot of attention because of the
flexibility and richness of textual evidence. However, existing text-based
complex question answering datasets fail to provide explicit reasoning process,
while it's important for retrieval effectiveness and reasoning
interpretability. Therefore, we present a benchmark \textbf{ReasonChainQA} with
explanatory and explicit evidence chains. ReasonChainQA consists of two
subtasks: answer generation and evidence chains extraction, it also contains
higher diversity for multi-hop questions with varying depths, 12 reasoning
types and 78 relations. To obtain high-quality textual evidences for answering
complex question. Additional experiment on supervised and unsupervised
retrieval fully indicates the significance of ReasonChainQA. Dataset and codes
will be made publicly available upon accepted.


  We discuss the formation and evolution of boxy/peanut bulges (B/Ps) and
present new simulations results. Orbital structure studies show that B/Ps are
parts of bars seen edge-on, they have their origin in vertical instabilities of
the disc material and they are somewhat shorter in extent than bars. When the
bar forms it is vertically thin, but after a time of the order of a Gyr it
experiences a vertical instability and buckles. At that time the strength of
the bar decreases, its inner part becomes thicker, so that, seen edge-on, it
acquires a peanut or boxy shape. A second buckling episode is seen in
simulations with strong bars, accompanied by a further thickening of the B/P
and a weakening of the bar. Quantitatively, this evolution depends considerably
on the properties of the halo and particularly on the extent of its core. This
influences the amount of angular momentum exchanged within the galaxy, emitted
by near-resonant material in the bar region and absorbed by near-resonant
material in the halo and in the outer disc. Haloes with small cores generally
harbour stronger bars and B/Ps and they often witness double buckling.


  We study reheating in $\alpha$-attractor models of inflation in which the
inflaton couples to other scalars or fermions. We show that the parameter space
contains viable regions in which the inflaton couplings to radiation can be
determined from the properties of CMB temperature fluctuations, in particular
the spectral index. This may be the only way to measure these fundamental
microphysical parameters, which shaped the universe by setting the initial
temperature of the hot big bang and contain important information about the
embedding of a given model of inflation into a more fundamental theory of
physics. The method can be applied to other models of single field inflation.


  We describe both theoretically and experimentally the existence and
excitation of confined modes in planar arrays of gold nanodisks. Ordered 2D
lattices of monodispersive nanoparticles are manufactured, embedded in a silica
matrix, and exposed to evanescent prism-coupling illumination, leading to dark
features in the reflectivity, which signal the presence of confined modes
guided along the arrays. We find remarkable agreement between theory and
experiment in the frequency-momentum dispersion of the resonances. Direct
excitation of these modes reveals long propagation distances and deep
extinction features. This characterization of guided modes shows the great
potential of metallic particle arrays for optical signal processing and distant
sensing applications.


  In carbon-ion radiotherapy, single-beam delivery each day in alternate
directions has been commonly practiced for operational efficiency, taking
advantage of the Bragg peak and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for
uniform dose conformation to a tumor. The treatment plans are usually evaluated
with total RBE-weighted dose, which is however deficient in relevance to the
biological effect in the linear-quadratic model due to its quadratic-dose term,
or the dose-fractionation effect. In this study, we reformulate the
extrapolated response dose (ERD), or synonymously BED, which normalizes the
dose-fractionation and cell-repopulation effects as well as the RBE of treating
radiation, based on inactivation of a single model cell system and a typical
treating radiation in carbon-ion RT. The ERD distribution virtually represents
the biological effect of the treatment regardless of radiation modality or
fractionation scheme. We applied the ERD formulation to simplistic model
treatments and to a preclinical survey for hypofractionation based on an actual
prostate-cancer treatment of carbon-ion radiotherapy. The proposed formulation
was demonstrated to be practical and to offer theoretical implications. In the
prostate-cancer case, the ERD distribution was very similar to the
RBE-weighted-dose distribution of the actual treatment in 12 fractions. With
hypofractionation, while the RBE-weighted-dose distribution varied
significantly, the ERD distribution was nearly invariant, implying that the
carbon-ion radiotherapy would be insensitive to fractionation. However,
treatment evaluation with simplistic biological dose is intrinsically limited
and must be complemented in practice somehow by clinical experiences and
biology experiments.


  Stimulated emission is the process fundamental to laser operation, thereby
producing coherent photon output. Despite negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy
(NV$^-$) centres being discussed as a potential laser medium since the 1980's,
there have been no definitive observations of stimulated emission from
ensembles of NV$^-$ to date. Reasons for this lack of demonstration include the
short excited state lifetime and the occurrence of photo-ionisation to the
neutral charge state by light around the zero-phonon line. Here we show both
theoretical and experimental evidence for stimulated emission from NV$^-$
states using light in the phonon-sidebands. Our system uses a continuous wave
pump laser at 532 nm and a pulsed stimulating laser that is swept across the
phononic sidebands of the NV$^-$. Optimal stimulated emission is demonstrated
in the vicinity of the three-phonon line at 700 nm. Furthermore, we show the
transition from stimulated emission to photoionisation as the stimulating laser
wavelength is reduced from 700nm to 620 nm. While lasing at the zero-phonon
line is suppressed by ionisation, our results open the possibility of diamond
lasers based on NV centres, tuneable over the phonon-sideband. This broadens
the applications of NV magnetometers from single centre nanoscale sensors to a
new generation of ultra-precise ensemble laser sensors, which exploit the
contrast and signal amplification of a lasing system.


  The form factors of the descendant operators in the massive Lee-Yang model
are determined up to level 7. This is first done by exploiting the conserved
quantities of the integrable theory to generate the solutions for the
descendants starting from the lowest non-trivial solutions in each operator
family. We then show that the operator space generated in this way, which is
isomorphic to the conformal one, coincides, level by level, with that implied
by the $S$-matrix through the form factor bootstrap. The solutions we determine
satisfy asymptotic conditions carrying the information about the level that we
conjecture to hold for all the operators of the model.


  In some underwater acoustic waveguides with specially selected sound speed
profiles striations or fringes of the interference pattern are determined by a
single parameter \beta\ called the waveguide (or Chuprov) invariant. In the
present paper it is shown that an analytical description of fringes may be
possible in a waveguide with an arbitrary sound speed profile. A simple
analytical expression is obtained for smooth lines formed by local maxima of
the interference pattern. This result is valid at long enough ranges. It is
derived proceeding from a known relation connecting the differences of ray
travel times and the action variables of ray paths.


  We present a construction of the explicit Hodge decomposition for
$\bar\partial$-equation on Riemann surfaces.


  Adversarial robustness evaluates the worst-case performance scenario of a
machine learning model to ensure its safety and reliability. This study is the
first to investigate the robustness of visually grounded dialog models towards
textual attacks. These attacks represent a worst-case scenario where the input
question contains a synonym which causes the previously correct model to return
a wrong answer. Using this scenario, we first aim to understand how multimodal
input components contribute to model robustness. Our results show that models
which encode dialog history are more robust, and when launching an attack on
history, model prediction becomes more uncertain. This is in contrast to prior
work which finds that dialog history is negligible for model performance on
this task. We also evaluate how to generate adversarial test examples which
successfully fool the model but remain undetected by the user/software
designer. We find that the textual, as well as the visual context are important
to generate plausible worst-case scenarios.


  In July 2007, the blazar 3C 454.3 underwent a flare in the optical, reaching
R~13 on July 19. Then the optical flux decreased by one magnitude, being R~14
when the source was detected by the gamma-ray satellite AGILE, that observed
the source on July 24-30. At the same time, the Swift satellite performed a
series of snapshots. We can construct the simultaneous spectral energy
distribution using optical, UV, X-ray and gamma-ray data. These shows that an
increased gamma-ray flux is accompanied by a weaker optical/X-ray flux with
respect to the flare observed in the Spring 2005 by INTEGRAL and Swift. This
confirms earlier suggestions about the behaviour of the jet of 3C 454.3.


  In this study, we define the dual Fibonacci quaternion and the dual Lucas
quternion. We derive the relations between the dual Fibonacci and the dual
Lucas quaternion which connected the Fibonacci and the Lucas numbers.
Furthermore, we give the Binet and Cassini formulas for these quaternions.


  Let $G$ be an adjoint quasi-simple group defined and split over a
non-archimedean local field $K$. We prove that the dual of the Steinberg
representation of $G$ is isomorphic to a certain space of harmonic cochains on
the Bruhat-Tits building of $G$. The Steinberg representation is considered
with coefficients in any commutative ring.


  We address the problem of constructing approximations based on orthogonal
polynomials that preserve an arbitrary set of moments of a given function
without loosing the spectral convergence property. To this aim, we compute the
constrained polynomial of best approximation for a generic basis of orthogonal
polynomials. The construction is entirely general and allows us to derive
structure preserving numerical methods for partial differential equations that
require the conservation of some moments of the solution, typically
representing relevant physical quantities of the problem. These properties are
essential to capture with high accuracy the long-time behavior of the solution.
We illustrate with the aid of several numerical applications to Fokker-Planck
equations the generality and the performances of the present approach.


  In this paper, we revisit the verification of strong K-step opacity (K-SSO)
for partially-observed discrete-event systems modeled as nondeterministic
finite-state automata. As a stronger version of the standard K-step opacity,
K-SSO requires that an intruder cannot make sure whether or not a secret state
has been visited within the last K observable steps. To efficiently verify
K-SSO, we propose a new concurrent-composition structure, which is a variant of
our previously- proposed one. Based on this new structure, we design an
algorithm for deciding K-SSO and prove that the proposed algorithm not only
reduces the time complexity of the existing algorithms, but also does not
depend on the value of K. Furthermore, a new upper bound on the value of K in
K-SSO is derived, which also reduces the existing upper bound on K in the
literature. Finally, we illustrate the proposed algorithm by a simple example.


  Target-oriented opinion words extraction (TOWE) is a new subtask of ABSA,
which aims to extract the corresponding opinion words for a given opinion
target in a sentence. Recently, neural network methods have been applied to
this task and achieve promising results. However, the difficulty of annotation
causes the datasets of TOWE to be insufficient, which heavily limits the
performance of neural models. By contrast, abundant review sentiment
classification data are easily available at online review sites. These reviews
contain substantial latent opinions information and semantic patterns. In this
paper, we propose a novel model to transfer these opinions knowledge from
resource-rich review sentiment classification datasets to low-resource task
TOWE. To address the challenges in the transfer process, we design an effective
transformation method to obtain latent opinions, then integrate them into TOWE.
Extensive experimental results show that our model achieves better performance
compared to other state-of-the-art methods and significantly outperforms the
base model without transferring opinions knowledge. Further analysis validates
the effectiveness of our model.


  Recent blind super-resolution (SR) methods typically consist of two branches,
one for degradation prediction and the other for conditional restoration.
However, our experiments show that a one-branch network can achieve comparable
performance to the two-branch scheme. Then we wonder: how can one-branch
networks automatically learn to distinguish degradations? To find the answer,
we propose a new diagnostic tool -- Filter Attribution method based on Integral
Gradient (FAIG). Unlike previous integral gradient methods, our FAIG aims at
finding the most discriminative filters instead of input pixels/features for
degradation removal in blind SR networks. With the discovered filters, we
further develop a simple yet effective method to predict the degradation of an
input image. Based on FAIG, we show that, in one-branch blind SR networks, 1)
we are able to find a very small number of (1%) discriminative filters for each
specific degradation; 2) The weights, locations and connections of the
discovered filters are all important to determine the specific network
function. 3) The task of degradation prediction can be implicitly realized by
these discriminative filters without explicit supervised learning. Our findings
can not only help us better understand network behaviors inside one-branch
blind SR networks, but also provide guidance on designing more efficient
architectures and diagnosing networks for blind SR.


  We study the dynamics of quantized superfluid vortices on axisymmetric
compact surfaces with no holes, where the total vortex charge must vanish and
the condition of irrotational flow forbids distributed vorticity. A conformal
transformation from the surface to the complex plane allows us to use familiar
formalism to describe the motion of the quantized vortices and to find the
total energy. The simplest case is a vortex dipole with unit vortex charges on
an axisymmetric ellipsoid. We study two special symmetric vortex-dipole
configurations along with a general asymmetric one.


  Deep neural networks are susceptible to adversarial attacks, which pose a
significant threat to their security and reliability in real-world
applications. The most notable adversarial attacks are transfer-based attacks,
where an adversary crafts an adversarial example to fool one model, which can
also fool other models. While previous research has made progress in improving
the transferability of untargeted adversarial examples, the generation of
targeted adversarial examples that can transfer between models remains a
challenging task. In this work, we present a novel approach to generate
transferable targeted adversarial examples by exploiting the vulnerability of
deep neural networks to perturbations on high-frequency components of images.
We observe that replacing the high-frequency component of an image with that of
another image can mislead deep models, motivating us to craft perturbations
containing high-frequency information to achieve targeted attacks. To this end,
we propose a method called Low-Frequency Adversarial Attack (\name), which
trains a conditional generator to generate targeted adversarial perturbations
that are then added to the low-frequency component of the image. Extensive
experiments on ImageNet demonstrate that our proposed approach significantly
outperforms state-of-the-art methods, improving targeted attack success rates
by a margin from 3.2\% to 15.5\%.


  We consider
  the Hilbert-type operator defined by
  $$
  H_{\omega}(f)(z)=\int_0^1 f(t)\left(\frac{1}{z}\int_0^z
B^{\omega}_t(u)\,du\right)\,\omega(t)dt,$$
  where $\{B^{\omega}_\zeta\}_{\zeta\in\mathbb{D}}$ are the reproducing kernels
of the Bergman space $A^2_\omega$ induced by a radial weight $\omega$ in the
unit disc $\mathbb{D}$. We prove that $H_{\omega}$ is bounded on the Hardy
space $H^p$, $1<p<\infty$, if and only if \begin{equation} \label{abs1}
\sup_{0\le r<1} \frac{\widehat{\omega}(r)}{\widehat{\omega}\left(
\frac{1+r}{2}\right)}<\infty, \tag{\dag} \end{equation}
  and
  \begin{equation*}
  \sup\limits_{0<r<1}\left(\int_0^r \frac{1}{\widehat{\omega}(t)^p}
dt\right)^{\frac{1}{p}}
  \left(\int_r^1
\left(\frac{\widehat{\omega}(t)}{1-t}\right)^{p'}\,dt\right)^{\frac{1}{p'}}
<\infty,
  \end{equation*}
  where $\widehat{\omega}(r)=\int_r^1 \omega(s)\,ds$.
  We also prove that $H_\omega: H^1\to H^1$ is bounded if and only if
\eqref{abs1} holds and
  $$ \sup\limits_{r \in [0,1)} \frac{\widehat{\omega}(r)}{1-r} \left(\int_0^r
\frac{ds}{\widehat{\omega}(s)}\right)<\infty.$$
  As for the case $p=\infty$, $H_\omega$ is bounded from $H^\infty$ to $BMOA$,
or to the Bloch space, if and only if \eqref{abs1} holds.
  In addition, we prove that there does not exist radial weights $\omega$ such
that $H_{\omega}: H^p \to H^p $, $1\le p<\infty$, is compact and we consider
the action of $H_{\omega}$ on some spaces of analytic functions closely related
to Hardy spaces.


  Quantum control of solid-state spin qubits typically involves pulses in the
microwave domain, drawing from the well-developed toolbox of magnetic resonance
spectroscopy. Driving a solid-state spin by optical means offers a high-speed
alternative, which in the presence of limited spin coherence makes it the
preferred approach for high-fidelity quantum control. Bringing the full
versatility of magnetic spin resonance to the optical domain requires full
phase and amplitude control of the optical fields. Here, we imprint a
programmable microwave sequence onto a laser field and perform electron spin
resonance in a semiconductor quantum dot via a two-photon Raman process. We
show that this approach yields full SU(2) spin control with over 98%
pi-rotation fidelity. We then demonstrate its versatility by implementing a
particular multi-axis control sequence, known as spin locking. Combined with
electron-nuclear Hartmann-Hahn resonances which we also report in this work,
this sequence will enable efficient coherent transfer of a quantum state from
the electron spin to the mesoscopic nuclear ensemble.


  We introduce a continuous domain framework for the recovery of a planar curve
from a few samples. We model the curve as the zero level set of a trigonometric
polynomial. We show that the exponential feature maps of the points on the
curve lie on a low-dimensional subspace. We show that the null-space vector of
the feature matrix can be used to uniquely identify the curve, given a
sufficient number of samples. The worst-case theoretical guarantees show that
the number of samples required for unique recovery depends on the bandwidth of
the underlying trigonometric polynomial, which is a measure of the complexity
of the curve. We introduce an iterative algorithm that relies on the low-rank
property of the feature maps to recover the curves when the samples are noisy
or when the true bandwidth of the curve is unknown. We also demonstrate the
preliminary utility of the proposed curve representation in the context of
image segmentation.


  As a demonstration of the spectrum-parity matching condition (SPMC) for
quantum state transfer, we investigate the propagation of single-magnon state
in the Heisenberg chain in the confined external tangent magnetic field
analytically and numerically. It shows that the initial Gaussian wave packet
can be retrieved at the counterpart location near-perfectly over a longer
distance if the dispersion relation of the system meets the SPMC approximately.


  For the perturbative model of a plane gravitational wave on a flat background
of Minkowski space-time, electromagnetic radiation from a charged cloud in the
field of a gravitational wave, detected by a remote observer, was found. It is
shown that the charge density in the cloud does not change, and the radiation
is generated by currents induced by the gravitational wave. The angular
distribution of the radiation is obtained. If the refractive index of the cloud
medium is greater than unity, Cherenkov-type radiation is generated.


  The nature of pairing correlations in neutron matter is re-examined. Working
within the conventional approximation in which the $nn$ pairing interaction is
provided by a realistic bare $nn$ potential fitted to scattering data, it is
demonstrated that the standard BCS theory fails in regions of neutron number
density where the pairing constant $\lambda$, depending crucially on density,
has a non-BCS negative sign. We are led to propose a non-BCS scenario for
pairing phenomena in neutron matter that involves the formation of a hidden
dineutron state. In low-density neutron matter where the pairing constant has
the standard BCS sign, two phases organized by pairing correlations are
possible and compete energetically: a conventional BCS phase and a dineutron
phase. In dense neutron matter, where $\lambda$ changes sign, only the
dineutron phase survives and exists until the critical density for termination
of pairing correlations is reached at approximately twice the neutron density
in heavy atomic nuclei.


  The inverse scattering transform is developed to solve the Maxwell-Bloch
system of equations that describes two-level systems with inhomogeneous
broadening, in the case of optical pulses that do not vanish at infinity in the
future. The direct problem, which is formulated in terms of a suitably-defined
uniformization variable, combines features of the formalism with decaying as
well as non-decaying fields. The inverse problem is formulated in terms of a
$2\times 2$ matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem. A novel aspect of the problem is
that no reflectionless solutions can exist, and solitons are always accompanied
by radiation. At the same time, it is also shown that, when the medium is
initially in the ground state, the radiative components of the solutions decay
upon propagation into the medium, giving rise to an asymptotically
reflectionless states. Like what happens when the optical pulse decays rapidly
in the distant past and the distant future, a medium that is initially excited
decays to the stable ground state as $t\to \infty$ and for sufficiently large
propagation distances. Finally, the asymptotic state of the medium and certain
features of the optical pulse inside the medium are considered, and the
emergence of a transition region upon propagation in the medium is briefly
discussed.


  We consider the inequality $$
  - \operatorname{div} A (x, \nabla u)
  \ge
  f (u)
  \quad
  \mbox{in } {\mathbb R}^n, $$ where $n \ge 2$ and $A$ is a Caratheodory
function such that $$
  C_1
  |\xi|^p
  \le
  \xi
  A (x, \xi)
  \quad
  \mbox{and}
  \quad
  |A (x, \xi)|
  \le
  C_2
  |\xi|^{p-1} $$ with some constants $C_1 > 0$, $C_2 > 0$, and $p > 1$ for
almost all $x \in {\mathbb R}^n$ and for all $\xi \in {\mathbb R}^n$. Our aim
is to find exact conditions on the function $f$ guaranteeing that any
non-negative solution of this inequality is identically zero.


  We propose a model with multiple qubits that reproduces the thermal
properties of 4-dimensional (4-dim) Schwarzschild black holes (BHs) by
simultaneously taking account of the emission of Hawking particles and the
zero-energy soft hair evaporation at horizon. The results verify that the
entanglement entropy between a qubit and other subsystems, including emitted
radiation, is much larger than the BH entropy analogue of the qubit, as opposed
to the Page curve prediction. Our result suggests that early Hawking radiation
is entangled with soft hair, and that late Hawking radiation can be highly
entangled with the degrees of freedom of BH, avoiding the emergence of a
firewall at the horizon.


  Online social networks have been one of the most effective platforms for
marketing and advertising. Through "word of mouth" effects, information or
product adoption could spread from some influential individuals to millions of
users in social networks. Given a social network $G$ and a constant $k$, the
influence maximization problem seeks for $k$ nodes in $G$ that can influence
the largest number of nodes. This problem has found important applications, and
a large amount of works have been devoted to identifying the few most
influential users. But most of existing works only focus on the diffusion of a
single idea or product in social networks. However, in reality, one company may
produce multiple kinds of products and one user may also have multiple
adoptions.
  Given multiple kinds of different products with different activation costs
and profits, it is crucial for the company to distribute the limited budget
among multiple products in order to achieve profit maximization. Profit
Maximization with Multiple Adoptions (PM$^{2}$A) problem aims to seek for a
seed set within the budget to maximize the overall profit. In this paper, a
Randomized Modified Greedy (RMG) algorithm based on the Reverse Influence
Sampling (RIS) technique is presented for the PM$^{2}$A problem, which could
achieve a $(1-1/e-\varepsilon)$-approximate solution with high probability.
Compared with the algorithm proposed in [16] that achieves a
$\frac{1}{2}(1-1/e^{2})$-approximate solution, our algorithm provides a better
performance ratio which is also the best performance ratio of the PM$^{2}$A
problem. Comprehensive experiments on three real-world social networks are
conducted, and the results demonstrate that our RMG algorithm outperforms the
algorithm proposed in [16] and other heuristics in terms of profit
maximization, and could better allocate the budget.


  In molecular dynamics, penalized overdamped Langevin dynamics are used to
model the motion of a set of particles that follow constraints up to a
parameter $\varepsilon$. The most used schemes for simulating these dynamics
are the Euler integrator in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and the constrained Euler
integrator. Both have weak order one of accuracy, but work properly only in
specific regimes depending on the size of the parameter $\varepsilon$. We
propose in this paper a new consistent method with an accuracy independent of
$\varepsilon$ for solving penalized dynamics on a manifold of any dimension.
Moreover, this method converges to the constrained Euler scheme when
$\varepsilon$ goes to zero. The numerical experiments confirm the theoretical
findings, in the context of weak convergence and for the invariant measure, on
a torus and on the orthogonal group in high dimension and high codimension.


  We point out certain symmetry induced constraints on topological order in
Mott Insulators (quantum magnets with an odd number of spin $\tfrac{1}{2}$ per
unit cell). We show, for example, that the double semion topological order is
incompatible with time reversal and translation symmetry in Mott insulators.
This sharpens the Hastings-Oshikawa-Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem for 2D quantum
magnets, which guarantees that a fully symmetric gapped Mott insulator must be
topologically ordered, but is silent on which topological order is permitted.
An application of our result is the Kagome lattice quantum antiferromagnet
where recent numerical calculations of entanglement entropy indicate a ground
state compatible with either toric code or double semion topological order. Our
result rules out the latter possibility.


  A pair of resonant laser fields can drive a three-level system into a dark
state where it seizes to absorb and emit radiation due to destructive
interference. We propose a scheme to search for this resonance by randomly
changing the frequency of one of the fields each time a fluorescence photon is
detected. The longer the system is probed, the more likely the frequency is
close to resonance and the system populates the dark state. Due to the
correspondingly long waiting times between detection events, the evolution is
non-ergodic and the precision of the frequency estimate does not follow from
the conventional Cram\'er-Rao bound of parameter estimation. Instead, a
L\'{e}vy statistical analysis yields the scaling of the estimation error with
time for precision probing of this kind.


  In this announcement, we report results on the existence of families of
large-amplitude internal hydrodynamic bores. These are traveling front
solutions of the full two-phase incompressible Euler equation in two
dimensions. The fluids are bounded above and below by flat horizontal walls and
acted upon by gravity. We obtain continuous curves of solutions to this system
that bifurcate from the trivial solution where the interface is flat. Following
these families to the their extreme, the internal interface either overturns,
comes into contact with the upper wall, or develops a highly degenerate "double
stagnation" point.
  Our construction is made possible by a new abstract machinery for global
continuation of monotone front-type solutions to elliptic equations posed on
infinite cylinders. This theory is quite robust and, in particular, can treat
fully nonlinear equations as well as quasilinear problems with transmission
boundary conditions.


  We study logarithmic K-stability for pairs by extending the formula for
Donaldson-Futaki invariants to log setting. We also provide algebro-geometric
counterparts of recent results of existence of Kahler-Einstein metrics with
cone singularities.


  The thermal properties of star-forming clouds have an important influence on
how they fragment into stars, and it is suggested in this paper that the
low-mass stellar IMF, which appears to be almost universal, is determined
largely by the thermal physics of these clouds. In particular, it is suggested
that the characteristic stellar mass, a little below one solar mass, is
determined by the transition from an initial cooling phase of collapse to a
later phase of slowly rising temperature that occurs when the gas becomes
thermally coupled to the dust. Numerical simulations support the hypothesis
that the Jeans mass at this transition point plays an important role in
determining the peak mass of the IMF. A filamentary geometry may also play a
key role in the fragmentation process because the isothermal case is a critical
one for the collapse of a cylinder: the collapse and fragmentation of a
cylinder can continue freely as long as the temperature continues to decrease,
but not if it begins to increase. The limited available results on the
dependence of the thermal properties of clouds on metallicity do not suggest a
strong dependence of the IMF on metallicity, but the far-infrared background
radiation in starburst regions and in the early universe may significantly
shift the peak mass to higher masses in these situations.


  We compare chemical solution deposition (CSD), and pulsed-laser-deposition
(PLD), specimens of the new room-temperature, single-phase, multiferroic
magnetoelectric, [PbFe2/3W1/3O3]x[PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3]1-x (PZTFWx ~ 0.40<x<0.20)
with polarization, loss (<1%), and resistivity (typically 108 ohm.cm) equal to
or superior to BiFeO3. Single phase polycrystalline multiferroics PZTFWx thin
films were fabricated on platinized silicon substrate by CSD and as epitaxial
single-crystal films on MgO substrate by PLD. High dielectric constants (1200-
3000), high polarization (30 - 60 micro C/cm2), weak saturation magnetization
(0.48 - 4.53 emu/cm3), a broad dielectric temperature peak, high-frequency
dispersion, low dielectric loss and low leakage current were observed in these
materials, suggesting the family as candidates for room-temperature
multiferroic devices. The ferroelectric switching in these materials can be
suppressed or quenched with applied magnetic field.


  Majorana zero modes are a much sought-after consequence of one-dimensional
topological superconductivity. Here, we show that, in turn, zero modes
accompanying dynamical instanton events strongly enhance -- in some cases even
enable -- superconductivity. We find that the dynamics of a one-dimensional
topological triplet superconductor is governed by a $\theta$ term in the
action. For isotropic triplets, this term enables algebraic charge-$2e$
superconductivity, which is destroyed by fluctuations in nontopological
superconductors. For anisotropic triplets, zero modes suppress quantum phase
slips and stabilize superconductivity over a large region of the phase diagram.
We present predictions of correlation functions and thermodynamics for states
of topologically enhanced superconductivity.


  Energy harvesting systems based on oscillators aim to capture energy from
mechanical oscillations and convert it into electrical energy. Widely extended
are those based on piezoelectric materials, whose dynamics are Hamiltonian
submitted to different sources of dissipation: damping and coupling. These
dissipations bring the system to low energy regimes, which is not desired in
long term as it diminishes the absorbed energy. To avoid or to minimize such
situations, we propose that the coupling of two oscillators could benefit from
theory of Arnold diffusion. Such phenomenon studies $O(1)$ energy variations in
Hamiltonian systems and hence could be very useful in energy harvesting
applications. This article is a first step towards this goal. We consider two
piezoelectric beams submitted to a small forcing and coupled through an
electric circuit. By considering the coupling, damping and forcing as
perturbations, we prove that the unperturbed system possesses a $4$-dimensional
Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Manifold with $5$ and $4$-dimensional stable and
unstable manifolds, respectively. These are locally unique after the
perturbation. By means of the parameterization method, we numerically compute
parameterizations of the perturbed manifold, its stable and unstable manifolds
and study its inner dynamics. We show evidence of homoclinic connections when
the perturbation is switched on.


  Recently, a class of quantum secret sharing schemes called communication
efficient quantum threshold secret sharing schemes (CE-QTS) was introduced.
These schemes reduced the communication cost during secret recovery. In this
paper, we introduce a general class of communication efficient quantum secret
sharing schemes (CE-QSS) which include both threshold and non-threshold
schemes. We propose a framework for constructing CE-QSS schemes to generalize
the earlier construction of CE-QTS schemes which was based on the staircase
codes. The main component in this framework is a class of quantum codes which
we call the extended Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes. These extended CSS codes
could have other applications. We derive a bound on communication cost for
CE-QSS schemes. Finally, we provide a construction of CE-QSS schemes meeting
this bound using the proposed framework.


  We introduce a novel method for studying systematic trends in nuclear
reaction data using generative adversarial networks. Libraries of nuclear cross
section evaluations exhibit intricate systematic trends across the nuclear
landscape, and predictive models capable of reproducing and analyzing these
trends are valuable for many applications. We have developed a predictive model
using deep generative adversarial networks to learn trends from the inelastic
neutron scattering channel of TENDL for even-even nuclei. The system predicts
cross sections based on adding/subtracting particles to/from the target
nucleus. It can thus help identify cross sections that break from expected
trends and predict beyond the limit of current experiments. Our model can
produce good predictions for cross section curves for many nuclides, and it is
most robust near the line of stability. We also create an ensemble of
predictions to leverage different correlations and estimate model uncertainty.
This research marks an important first step in computer generation of nuclear
cross-section libraries.


  We propose a scaling model for the universal longitudinal conductivity near
the mobility edge for the integer quantum Hall liquid. We fit our model with
available experimental data on exponentially activated conductance near the
Landau level tails in the integer quantum Hall regime. We obtain quantitative
agreement between our scaling model and the experimental data over a wide
temperature and magnetic field range.


  TIFR Near Infrared Imaging Camera-II is a closed-cycle Helium cryo-cooled
imaging camera equipped with a Raytheon 512 x 512 pixels InSb Aladdin III
Quadrant focal plane array having sensitivity to photons in the 1-5 microns
wavelength band. In this paper, we present the performance of the camera on the
newly installed 3.6-m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) based on the
calibration observations carried out during 2017 May 11-14 and 2017 October
7-31. After the preliminary characterization, the camera has been released to
the Indian and Belgian astronomical community for science observations since
2017 May. The camera offers a field-of-view of ~86.5 arcsec x 86.5 arcsec on
the DOT with a pixel scale of 0.169 arcsec. The seeing at the telescope site in
the near-infrared bands is typically sub-arcsecond with the best seeing of
~0.45 arcsec realized in the near-infrared K-band on 2017 October 16. The
camera is found to be capable of deep observations in the J, H and K bands
comparable to other 4-m class telescopes available world-wide. Another
highlight of this camera is the observational capability for sources up to
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) W1-band (3.4 microns) magnitudes of
9.2 in the narrow L-band (nbL; lambda_{cen} ~3.59 microns). Hence, the camera
could be a good complementary instrument to observe the bright nbL-band sources
that are saturated in the Spitzer-Infrared Array Camera ([3.6] <= 7.92 mag) and
the WISE W1-band ([3.4] <= 8.1 mag). Sources with strong polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH) emission at 3.3 microns are also detected. Details of the
observations and estimated parameters are presented in this paper.


  In this paper, we classify the connected non-bipartite integral graphs with
spectral radius three.


  Reynold's abstraction theorem is now a well-established result for a large
class of type systems. We propose here a definition of relational parametricity
and a proof of the abstraction theorem in the Calculus of Inductive
Constructions (CIC), the underlying formal language of Coq, in which
parametricity relations' codomain is the impredicative sort of propositions. To
proceed, we need to refine this calculus by splitting the sort hierarchy to
separate informative terms from non-informative terms. This refinement is very
close to CIC, but with the property that typing judgments can distinguish
informative terms. Among many applications, this natural encoding of
parametricity inside CIC serves both theoretical purposes (proving the
independence of propositions with respect to the logical system) as well as
practical aspirations (proving properties of finite algebraic structures). We
finally discuss how we can simply build, on top of our calculus, a new
reflexive Coq tactic that constructs proof terms by parametricity.


  Bayesian synthetic likelihood (BSL) is a popular method for estimating the
parameter posterior distribution for complex statistical models and stochastic
processes that possess a computationally intractable likelihood function.
Instead of evaluating the likelihood, BSL approximates the likelihood of a
judiciously chosen summary statistic of the data via model simulation and
density estimation. Compared to alternative methods such as approximate
Bayesian computation (ABC), BSL requires little tuning and requires less model
simulations than ABC when the chosen summary statistic is high-dimensional. The
original synthetic likelihood relies on a multivariate normal approximation of
the intractable likelihood, where the mean and covariance are estimated by
simulation. An extension of BSL considers replacing the sample covariance with
a penalised covariance estimator to reduce the number of required model
simulations. Further, a semi-parametric approach has been developed to relax
the normality assumption. In this paper, we present an R package called BSL
that amalgamates the aforementioned methods and more into a single, easy-to-use
and coherent piece of software. The R package also includes several examples to
illustrate how to use the package and demonstrate the utility of the methods.


  To combat COVID-19, both clinicians and scientists need to digest vast
amounts of relevant biomedical knowledge in scientific literature to understand
the disease mechanism and related biological functions. We have developed a
novel and comprehensive knowledge discovery framework, COVID-KG to extract
fine-grained multimedia knowledge elements (entities and their visual chemical
structures, relations, and events) from scientific literature. We then exploit
the constructed multimedia knowledge graphs (KGs) for question answering and
report generation, using drug repurposing as a case study. Our framework also
provides detailed contextual sentences, subfigures, and knowledge subgraphs as
evidence.


  The measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon provides a
stringent test of the standard model and of any physics that lies beyond it.
There is currently a deviation of $3.1\sigma$ between the standard model
prediction for the muon's anomalous magnetic moment and its experimental value.
We calculate the contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment in theories
where the muon couples to a particle in a hidden sector (that is, uncharged
under the standard model) and a connector (which has nontrivial standard model
gauge and hidden sector quantum numbers).


  We combine classical methods of combinatorial group theory with the theory of
small cancellations over relatively hyperbolic groups to construct finitely
generated torsion-free groups that have only finitely many classes of conjugate
elements. Moreover, we present several results concerning embeddings into such
groups.
  As another application of these techniques, we prove that every countable
group $C$ can be realized as a group of outer automorphisms of a group $N$,
where $N$ is a finitely generated group having Kazhdan's property (T) and
containing exactly two conjugacy classes.


  The "Extreme starbursts in the local universe" workshop was held at the
Insituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia in Granada, Spain on 21-25 June 2010.
Bearing in mind the advent of a new generation of facilities such as JWST,
Herschel, ALMA, eVLA and eMerlin, the aim of the workshop was to bring together
observers and theorists to review the latest results. The purpose of the
workshop was to address the following issues: what are the main modes of
triggering extreme starbursts in the local Universe? How efficiently are stars
formed in extreme starbursts? What are the star formation histories of local
starburst galaxies? How well do the theoretical simulations model the
observations? What can we learn about starbursts in the distant Universe
through studies of their local counterparts? How important is the role of
extreme starbursts in the hierarchical assembly of galaxies? How are extreme
starbursts related to the triggering of AGN in the nuclei of galaxies? Overall,
41 talks and 4 posters with their corresponding 10 minutes short talks were
presented during the workshop. In addition, the workshop was designed with
emphasis on discussions, and therefore, there were 6 discussion sessions of up
to one hour during the workshop. Here is presented a summary of the purposes of
the workshop as well as a compilation of the abstracts corresponding to each of
the presentations. The summary and conclusions of the workshop along with a
description of the future prospects by Sylvain Veilleux can be found in the
last section of this document. A photo of the assistants is included.


  We study the effects of plasma viscosity on the dynamics of primordial
magnetic fields by simulating magnetohydrodynamics in the early universe by
appropriate non-linear cascade models. We find numerically that even in the
presence of large kinetic viscosity, magnetic energy is transferred to large
length scales. There are indications, however, that the inverse cascade stops
at a given time which depends on the magnitude of viscosity. For realistic
viscosities we do not find equipartition between magnetic and kinetic energies.


  Most previous efforts to calibrate how rotation and magnetic activity depend
on stellar age and mass have relied on observations of clusters, where
isochrones from stellar evolution models are used to determine the properties
of the ensemble. Asteroseismology employs similar models to measure the
properties of an individual star by matching its normal modes of oscillation,
yielding the stellar age and mass with high precision. We use 27 days of
photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite to characterize
solar-like oscillations in the G8 subgiant of the 94 Aqr triple system. The
resulting stellar properties, when combined with a reanalysis of 35 yr of
activity measurements from the Mount Wilson HK project, allow us to probe the
evolution of rotation and magnetic activity in the system. The asteroseismic
age of the subgiant agrees with a stellar isochrone fit, but the rotation
period is much shorter than expected from standard models of angular momentum
evolution. We conclude that weakened magnetic braking may be needed to
reproduce the stellar properties, and that evolved subgiants in the hydrogen
shell-burning phase can reinvigorate large-scale dynamo action and briefly
sustain magnetic activity cycles before ascending the red giant branch.


  Adding a fourth generation to the Standard Model and assuming it to be valid
up to some cutoff \Lambda, we show that electroweak symmetry is broken by
radiative corrections due to the fourth generation. The effects of the fourth
generation are isolated using a Lagrangian with a genuine scalar without
self-interactions at the classical level. For masses of the fourth generation
consistent with electroweak precision data (including the B \rightarrow K \pi\
CP asymmetries) we obtain a Higgs mass of the order of a few hundreds GeV and a
cutoff \Lambda\ around 1-2 TeV. We study the reliability of the perturbative
treatment used to obtain these results taking into account the running of the
Yukawa couplings of the fourth quark generation with the aid of the
Renormalization Group (RG) equations, finding similar allowed values for the
Higgs mass but a slightly lower cut-off due to the breaking of the perturbative
regime. Such low cut-off means that the effects of new physics needed to
describe electroweak interactions at energy above \Lambda\ should be measurable
at the LHC. We use the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model
with four generations as an explicit example of models realizing the dynamical
electroweak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections and containing new
physics. Here, the cutoff is replaced by the masses of the squarks and
electroweak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections requires the squark
masses to be of the order of 1 TeV.


  Results obtained in the Magellanic Clouds using the latest near-IR DENIS
survey are briefly revised. This sets the base to a similar study of AGB stars
in other galaxies of the Local Group and in particular in NGC6822.


  On revoit explicitement la construction ainsi que certaines propri\'et\'es
des complexes de faisceaux \'etales $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(j)$ sur certains
sch\'emas. Le but de ces notes est d'avoir une r\'ef\'erence pr\'ecise pour la
conjecture de Gersten pour les faisceaux $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(j)$ sur un
corps imparfait ainsi que pour la comparaison entre les groupes de cohomologie
$\mathrm{H}^2(\ast,\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(1))$ et
$\mathrm{H}^2(\ast,\mathbb{G}_m)$. We review explicitly the definition and some
properties of \'etale sheaf complexes $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(j)$ on some
schemes. The purpose of these notes is to be a precise reference for the
Gersten conjecture of $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(j)$ over an imperfect field and
also for the comparison between the cohomology groups
$\mathrm{H}^2(\ast,\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(1))$ and
$\mathrm{H}^2(\ast,\mathbb{G}_m)$.


  In this contribution to the proceedings of the 11th Mathematical Society of
Japan (MSJ) Seasonal Institute (July 2018) we give an overview of some recent
work on a mathematical model for small deformations of a spherical membrane.
The idea is to consider perturbations to minimisers of a surface geometric
energy. The model is obtained from consideration of second order approximations
to a perturbed energy. In particular, the considered problems involve particle
constraints and surface phase field energies.


  The standard formula for the multi-section of the general linear three-term
recurrence relation is simplified in terms of Chebyshev S-polynomials.


  In this paper we propose a new method to detect and classify coexisting
solutions in nonlinear systems. We focus on mechanical and structural systems
where we usually avoid multistability for safety and reliability. We want to be
sure that in the given range of parameters and initial conditions the expected
solution is the only possible or at least has dominant basin of attraction. We
propose an algorithm to estimate the probability of reaching the solution in
given (accessible) ranges of initial conditions and parameters. We use a
modified method of basin stability (Menck et. al., Nature Physics, 9(2) 2013).
In our investigation we examine three different systems: a Duffing oscillator
with a tuned mass absorber, a bilinear impacting oscillator and a beam with
attached rotating pendula. We present the results that prove the usefulness of
the proposed algorithm and highlight its strengths in comparison with classical
analysis of nonlinear systems (analytical solutions, path-following, basin of
attraction ect.). We show that with relatively small computational effort
(comparing to classical analysis) we can predict the behaviour of the system
and select the ranges in parameter's space where the system behaves in a
presumed way. The method can be used in all types of nonlinear complex systems.


  We generalise a recent example by F. Bracci, J. Raissy and B. Stens{\o}nes to
construct automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^{d}$ admitting an arbitrary finite
number of non-recurrent Fatou components, each biholomorphic to
$\mathbb{C}\times(\mathbb{C}^{*})^{d-1}$ and all attracting to a common
boundary fixed point. These automorphisms can be chosen such that each Fatou
component is invariant or such that the components are grouped into periodic
cycles of any common period. We further show that no orbit in these attracting
Fatou components can converge tangent to a complex submanifold, and that every
stable orbit near the fixed point is contained either in these attracting
components or in one of $d$ invariant hypersurfaces tangent to each coordinate
hyperplane on which the automorphism acts as an irrational rotation.


  The minimal area for surfaces whose border are rectangular and circular loops
are calculated using the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation. This amounts to solve
the HJ equation for the value of the minimal area, without calculating the
shape of the corresponding surface. This is done for bulk geometries that are
asymptotically AdS. For the rectangular countour, the HJ equation, which is
separable, can be solved exactly. For the circular countour an expansion in
powers of the radius is implemented. The HJ approach naturally leads to a
regularization which consists in locating the countour away from the border.
The results are compared with other regularization which leaves the countour at
the border and calculates the area of the corresponding minimal surface up to a
diameter smaller than the one of the countour at the border. The results do not
coincide, this is traced back to the fact that in the former case the area of a
minimal surface is calculated and in the second the computed area corresponds
to a fraction of a different minimal surface whose countour lies at the
boundary.


  We show that for any weakly reflective submanifold of a compact isotropy
irreducible Riemannian homogeneous space its inverse image under the parallel
transport map is an infinite dimensional weakly reflective PF submanifold of a
Hilbert space. This is an extension of the author's previous result in the case
of compact irreducible Riemannian symmetric spaces. We also give a
characterization of so obtained weakly reflective PF submanifolds.


  The Sydney University Stellar Interferometer (SUSI) has been used to make a
new determination of the angular diameter of Sirius A. The observations were
made at an effective wavelength of 694.1 nm and the new value for the
limb-darkened angular diameter is 6.048 +/- 0.040mas (+/-0.66%). This new
result is compared with previous measurements and is found to be in excellent
agreement with a conventionally calibrated measurement made with the European
Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at 2.176
microns (but not with a second globally calibrated VLTI measurement). A
weighted mean of the SUSI and first VLTI results gives the limb-darkened
angular diameter of Sirius A as 6.041 +/- 0.017mas (+/-0.28%). Combination with
the Hipparcos parallax gives the radius equal to 1.713 +/- 0.009R_sun. The
bolometric flux has been determined from published photometry and
spectrophotometry and, combined with the angular diameter, yields the emergent
flux at the stellar surface equal to (5.32+/- 0.14)x10^8 Wm^-2 and the
effective temperature equal to 9845 +/- 64 K. The luminosity is 24.7 +/- 0.7
L_sun.


  This survey is about combinatorial objects related to reflection groups and
their applications in representation theory and arithmetic geometry. Coxeter
groups and folded galleries in Coxeter complexes are introduced in detail and
illustrated by examples. Further it is explained how they relate to retractions
in Bruhat-Tits buildings and to the geometry of affine flag varieties and
affine Grassmannians. The goal is to make these topics accessible to a wide
audience.


  When selfish users share a road network and minimize their individual travel
costs, the equilibrium they reach can be worse than the socially optimal
routing. Tolls are often used to mitigate this effect in traditional congestion
games, where all vehicle contribute identically to congestion. However, with
the proliferation of autonomous vehicles and driver-assistance technology,
vehicles become heterogeneous in how they contribute to road latency. This
magnifies the potential inefficiencies due to selfish routing and invalidates
traditional tolling methods. To address this, we consider a network of parallel
roads where the latency on each road is an affine function of the quantity of
flow of each vehicle type. We provide tolls (which differentiate between
vehicle types) which are guaranteed to minimize social cost at equilibrium. The
tolls are a function of a calculated optimal routing; to enable this tolling,
we prove that some element in the set of optimal routings has a lack of cycles
in a graph representing the way vehicles types share roads. We then show that
unless a planner can differentiate between vehicle types in the tolls given,
the resulting equilibrium can be unboundedly worse than the optimal routing,
and that marginal cost tolling fails in our setting.


  The 2D Discrete Gaussian model gives each height function $\eta :
\mathbb{Z}^2\to\mathbb{Z}$ a probability proportional to $\exp(-\beta
\mathcal{H}(\eta))$, where $\beta$ is the inverse-temperature and
$\mathcal{H}(\eta) = \sum_{x\sim y}(\eta_x-\eta_y)^2$ sums over
nearest-neighbor bonds. We consider the model at large fixed $\beta$, where it
is flat unlike its continuous analog (the Gaussian Free Field).
  We first establish that the maximum height in an $L\times L$ box with 0
boundary conditions concentrates on two integers $M,M+1$ with $M\sim
\sqrt{(1/2\pi\beta)\log L\log\log L}$. The key is a large deviation estimate
for the height at the origin in $\mathbb{Z}^2$, dominated by "harmonic
pinnacles", integer approximations of a harmonic variational problem. Second,
in this model conditioned on $\eta\geq 0$ (a floor), the average height rises,
and in fact the height of almost all sites concentrates on levels $H,H+1$ where
$H\sim M/\sqrt{2}$.
  This in particular pins down the asymptotics, and corrects the order, in
results of Bricmont, El-Mellouki and Fr\"ohlich (1986), where it was argued
that the maximum and the height of the surface above a floor are both of order
$\sqrt{\log L}$.
  Finally, our methods extend to other classical surface models (e.g.,
restricted SOS), featuring connections to $p$-harmonic analysis and alternating
sign matrices.


  We extend bifurcation results of nonlinear eigenvalue problems from real
Banach spaces to any neighbourhood of a given point. For points of odd
multiplicity on these restricted domains, we establish that the component of
solutions through the bifurcation point either is unbounded, admits an
accumulation point on the boundary, or contains an even number of odd
multiplicity points. In the simple multiplicity case, we show that branches of
solutions in the directions of corresponding eigenvectors satisfy similar
conditions on our domains.


  I propose the Dominicy-Hill-Worton estimator to estimate the current climate
niche of Homo Sapiens and our croplands. I use this to extrapolate the degree
of unprecedentedness of future climates. Worton's peeled hull is a
non-parametric, N-dimensional generalization of order statistics. Dominicy and
colleagues show that Hill's estimator of the tail-index can be applied to any
homogeneous function of multivariate order statistics. I apply the
Dominicy-Hill estimator to transects through Worton's peels. I find a thick
tail for low temperatures and a thin tail for high ones. That is, warming is
more worrying than cooling. Similarly, wettening is more worrying than drying.
Furthermore, temperature changes are more important than changes in
precipitation. The results are not affected by income, population density, or
time. I replace the Hill estimator by the QQ one and correct it for
top-censoring. The qualitative results are unaffected.


  We find new non-Abelian flux tube solutions in a model of $N_f$ scalar fields
in the fundamental representation of SU(N)xU(1) with $N \leq N_f$ (the
``extended non-Abelian Higgs model''), and study their main properties. Among
the solutions there are spinning strings as well as superconducting ones. The
solutions exist only in a non trivial domain of the parameter space defined by
the ratio between the SU(N) and U(1) coupling constants, the scalar
self-interaction coupling constants, the magnetic fluxes (Abelian as well as
non-Abelian) and the ``twist parameter'' which is a non-trivial relative phase
of the Higgs fields.


  Images recorded below the surface of a finger can have more details and be of
higher quality than the conventional surface fingerprint images. This is
particularly true when the quality of the surface fingerprints is compromised
by, for example, moisture or surface damage. However, there is an unmet need
for an inexpensive fingerprint sensor that is able to acquire high-quality
images deep below the surface in short time. To this end, we report on a
cost-effective full-field optical coherent tomography (FF-OCT) system comprised
of a silicon camera and a powerful near-infrared LED light source. The system,
for example, is able to record 1.7 cm x 1.7 cm en face images in 0.12 s with
the spatial sampling rate of 2116 dots per inch and the sensitivity of 93 dB.
We show that the system can be used to image internal fingerprints and sweat
ducts with a good contrast. Finally, to demonstrate its biometric performance,
we acquired subsurface fingerprint images from 240 individual fingers and
estimated the equal-error-rate to be ~0.8 %. The developed instrument could
also be used in other en face deep-tissue imaging applications because of its
high sensitivity, such as in vivo skin imaging.


  In this manuscript, we examine the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by
perfect fluid dark matter in the presence of the quintessence matter field in
the context of thermodynamics, shadows, and quasinormal modes. We find that the
quintessence matter field sets an upper bound value on the horizon where dark
matter settles a lower limit on the event horizon but also expands the upper
bound value of the horizon. We discuss how this impact alters the black hole's
thermodynamics, shadows, and quasinormal modes.


  The notion of self-similar energy cascades and multifractality has long since
been connected with fully developed, homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. We
introduce a number of amendments to the standard methods for analysing the
multifractal properties of the energy dissipation field of a turbulent flow. We
conjecture that the scaling assumption for the moments of the energy
dissipation rate is valid within the transition range to dissipation introduced
by Castaing et al.(Physica D (46), 177 (1990)). The multifractal spectral
functions appear to be universal well within the error margins and exhibit some
as yet undiscussed features. Furthermore, this universality is also present in
the neither homogeneous nor isotropic flows in the wake very close to a
cylinder or the off-centre region of a free jet.


  [abridged] We present an X-ray study of the low-luminosity active galactic
nucleus (AGN) in NGC4258 using data from Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and the Swift/BAT
survey. We find that signatures of X-ray reprocessing by cold gas are very weak
in the spectrum of this Seyfert-2 galaxy; a weak, narrow fluorescent-Kalpha
emission line of cold iron is robustly detected in both the Suzaku and
XMM-Newton spectra but at a level much below that of most other Seyfert-2
galaxies. We conclude that the circumnuclear environment of this AGN is very
"clean" and lacks the Compton-thick obscuring torus of unified Seyfert schemes.
  From the narrowness of the iron line, together with evidence for line flux
variability between the Suzaku and XMM-Newton observations, we constrain the
line emitting region to be between $3\times 10^3r_g$ and $4\times 10^4r_g$ from
the black hole. We show that the observed properties of the iron line can be
explained if the line originates from the surface layers of a warped accretion
disk. In particular, we present explicit calculations of the expected iron line
from a disk warped by Lens-Thirring precession from a misaligned central black
hole. Finally, the Suzaku data reveal clear evidence for large amplitude
2-10keV variability on timescales of 50ksec as well as smaller amplitude flares
on timescales as short as 5-10ksec. If associated with accretion disk
processes, such rapid variability requires an origin in the innermost regions
of the disk ($r\approx 10r_g$ or less).


  One of the most fundamental method for comparing two given strings $A$ and
$B$ is the longest common subsequence (LCS), where the task is to find (the
length) of an LCS of $A$ and $B$. In this paper, we deal with the STR-IC-LCS
problem which is one of the constrained LCS problems proposed by Chen and Chao
[J. Comb. Optim, 2011]. A string $Z$ is said to be an STR-IC-LCS of three given
strings $A$, $B$, and $P$, if $Z$ is a longest string satisfying that (1) $Z$
includes $P$ as a substring and (2) $Z$ is a common subsequence of $A$ and $B$.
We present three efficient algorithms for this problem: First, we begin with a
space-efficient solution which computes the length of an STR-IC-LCS in $O(n^2)$
time and $O((\ell+1)(n-\ell+1))$ space, where $\ell$ is the length of an LCS of
$A$ and $B$ of length $n$. When $\ell = O(1)$ or $n-\ell = O(1)$, then this
algorithm uses only linear $O(n)$ space. Second, we present a faster algorithm
that works in $O(nr/\log{r}+n(n-\ell+1))$ time, where $r$ is the length of $P$,
while retaining the $O((\ell+1)(n-\ell+1))$ space efficiency. Third, we give an
alternative algorithm that runs in $O(nr/\log{r}+n(n-\ell'+1))$ time with
$O((\ell'+1)(n-\ell'+1))$ space, where $\ell'$ denotes the STR-IC-LCS length
for input strings $A$, $B$, and $P$.


  The Tevatron experiments have each accumulated about 6 \ifb good data since
the start of RUN II. This large dataset provided good opportunities for meson
spectroscopy studies at the Tevatron. This article will cover the recent new
$\Upsilon(nS)$ polarization studies as well as exotic meson spectroscopy
studies.


  This document is a case study in aggressive self-archiving. It collects all
initiatives undertaken by its author in 2012, including unpublished ones,
explains their relevance and relation with one another. Discussed topics
include guided convergence of formal grammars in a broad sense, programmable
grammar transformation operator suites, metasyntactic specifications and
methods of their manipulation, tolerant (soft computing) methods in parsing
theory, megamodelling as modelling linguistic architecture of software systems,
repositories of grammatical knowledge, open notebook computer science, as well
as the number of minor topics (new parsing algorithms, visualisation
techniques, etc). A brief overview of involved venues is also included in the
report.


  Considering a Vaidya exterior spacetime, we study dynamical models of
prototype gravastars, made of an infinitely thin spherical shell of a perfect
fluid with the equation of state $p = \sigma$, enclosing an interior de Sitter
spacetime. We show explicitly that the final output can be a black hole, an
unstable gravastar, a stable gravastar or a "bounded excursion" gravastar,
depending on how the mass of the shell evolves in time, the cosmological
constant and the initial position of the dynamical shell. This work presents,
for the first time in the literature, a gravastar that emits radiation.


  The imperative need to scale computation across numerous nodes highlights the
significance of efficient parallel computing, particularly in the realm of
Message Passing Interface (MPI) integration. The challenging parallel
programming task of generating MPI-based parallel programs has remained
unexplored. This study first investigates the performance of state-of-the-art
language models in generating MPI-based parallel programs. Findings reveal that
widely used models such as GPT-3.5 and PolyCoder (specialized multi-lingual
code models) exhibit notable performance degradation, when generating MPI-based
programs compared to general-purpose programs. In contrast, domain-specific
models such as MonoCoder, which are pretrained on MPI-related programming
languages of C and C++, outperform larger models. Subsequently, we introduce a
dedicated downstream task of MPI-based program generation by fine-tuning
MonoCoder on HPCorpusMPI. We call the resulting model as MPIrigen. We propose
an innovative preprocessing for completion only after observing the whole code,
thus enabling better completion with a wider context. Comparative analysis
against GPT-3.5 zero-shot performance, using a novel HPC-oriented evaluation
method, demonstrates that MPIrigen excels in generating accurate MPI functions
up to 0.8 accuracy in location and function predictions, and with more than 0.9
accuracy for argument predictions. The success of this tailored solution
underscores the importance of domain-specific fine-tuning in optimizing
language models for parallel computing code generation, paving the way for a
new generation of automatic parallelization tools. The sources of this work are
available at our GitHub MPIrigen repository:
https://github.com/Scientific-Computing-Lab-NRCN/MPI-rigen


  A rigorous analytical study of the eigenmodes supported by a charge
accumulation layer within a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) is presented.
The new class of surface plasmons termed Accumulation-Layer Surface Plasmon
(ASP) is introduced. Near resonance ASP are tightly bound and display a vast
effective index tunability that could be of great practical interest. The
suppression of ASP in the presence of epsilon-near zero regions is discussed.


  Acoustic features extracted from speech are widely used in problems such as
biometric speaker identification and first-person activity detection. However,
the use of speech for such purposes raises privacy issues as the content is
accessible to the processing party. In this work, we propose a method for
speaker and posture classification using intraspeech breathing sounds.
Instantaneous magnitude features are extracted using the Hilbert-Huang
transform (HHT) and fed into a CNN-GRU network for classification of recordings
from the open intraspeech breathing sound dataset, BreathBase, that we
collected for this study. Using intraspeech breathing sounds, 87% speaker
classification, and 98% posture classification accuracy were obtained.


  We propose a new single superfield representation for mixed retarded and
advanced correlators for noninteracting disordered systems. The method is
tested in the simpler context of Random Matrix theory, by comparing with well
known universal behavior for level spacing correlations. Our method is general
and could be especially interesting to study localization properties encoded in
the mixed correlators of Quantum Hall systems.


  In this paper we use a generalized version of a method originally proposed by
Holz and Wald to investigate the effects from gravitational lensing on Type Ia
supernovae measurements. We find that results for different mass distributions
in smooth dark matter halos are very similar, making lensing effects
predictable for a broad range of density profiles. Also, a sample of 100
supernovae at z = 1, should be sufficient to discriminate between the case of
all dark matter in smooth halos and the extreme case of all dark matter in
point-like objects.


  As more inverter-connected renewable resources are integrated into the grid,
frequency stability may degrade because of the reduction in mechanical inertia
and damping. A common approach to mitigate this degradation in performance is
to use the power electronic interfaces of the renewable resources for primary
frequency control. Since inverter-connected resources can realize almost
arbitrary responses to frequency changes, they are not limited to reproducing
the linear droop behaviors. To fully leverage their capabilities, reinforcement
learning (RL) has emerged as a popular method to design nonlinear controllers
to optimize a host of objective functions.
  Because both inverter-connected resources and synchronous generators would be
a significant part of the grid in the near and intermediate future, the learned
controller of the former should be stabilizing with respect to the nonlinear
dynamics of the latter. To overcome this challenge, we explicitly engineer the
structure of neural network-based controllers such that they guarantee system
stability by construction, through the use of a Lyapunov function. A recurrent
neural network architecture is used to efficiently train the controllers. The
resulting controllers only use local information and outperform optimal linear
droop as well as other state-of-the-art learning approaches.


  We review continuum elastic models for the transmission of both external
forces and internal active cellular forces in biopolymer gels, and relate them
to recent experiments. Rather than being exhaustive, we focus on continuum
elastic models for small affine deformations and intend to provide a systematic
continuum method and some analytical perspectives to the study of force
transmissions in biopolymer gels. We start from a very brief review of the
nonlinear mechanics of individual biopolymers and a summary of constitutive
models for the nonlinear elasticity of biopolymer gels. We next show that the
simple 3-chain model can give predictions that well fit the shear experiments
of some biopolymer gels, including the effects of strain-stiffening and
negative normal stress. We then review continuum models for the transmission of
internal active forces that are induced by a spherically contracting cell
embedded in a three-dimensional biopolymer gel. Various scaling regimes for the
decay of cell-induced displacements are identified for linear isotropic and
anisotropic materials, and for biopolymer gels with nonlinear
compressive-softening and strain-stiffening elasticity, respectively. After
that, we present (using an energetic approach) the generic and unified
continuum theory proposed in [Ben-Yaakov, Soft Matter, 2015, 11, 1412] about
how the transmission of forces in the biogel matrix can mediate long-range
interactions between cells with mechanical homeostasis. We show the predictions
of the theory in a special hexagonal multicellular array, and relate them to
recent experiments. Finally, we conclude this paper with comments on the
limitations and outlook of continuum modeling, and highlight the needs of
complementary theoretical approaches such as discrete network simulations to
force transmissions in biopolymer gels and phenomenological active gel theories
for multicellular systems.