  Observations indicate that the central portions of the Present-Day Prestellar
Core Mass Function (CMF) and the Stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) both have
approximately log-normal shapes, but that the CMF is displaced to higher mass
than the IMF by a factor F = 4+/-1. This has lead to suggestions that the shape
of the IMF is directly inherited from the shape of the CMF - and therefore, by
implication, that there is a self-similar mapping from the CMF onto the IMF. If
we assume a self-similar mapping, it follows (i) that F = N0/eta, where eta is
the mean fraction of a core's mass that ends up in stars, and N0 is the mean
number of stars spawned by a single core; and (ii) that the stars spawned by a
single core must have an approximately log-normal distribution of relative
masses, with universal standard deviation sigma0. Observations can be expected
to deliver ever more accurate estimates of F, but this still leaves a
degeneracy between eta and N0; and sigma0 is also unconstrained by observation.
Here we show that these parameters can be estimated by invoking binary
statistics. Specifically, if (a) each core spawns one long-lived binary system,
and (b) the probability that a star of mass M is part of this long-lived binary
is proportional to M^alpha, current observations of the binary frequency as a
function of primary mass and the distribution of mass ratios strongly favour
eta = 1.0 +/- 0.3, N0 = 4.3 +/- 0.4, sigma0 = 0.3 +/- 0.03 and alpha = 0.9 +/-
0.6. The mapping from CMF to IMF is not necessarily self-similar - there are
many possible motivations for a non self-similar mapping - but if it is not,
then the shape of the IMF cannot be inherited from the CMF. Given the limited
observational constraints currently available and the ability of a self-similar
mapping to satisfy them, the possibility that the shape of the IMF is inherited
from the CMF cannot be ruled out at this juncture.


  Medium effects as a function of the mass number $A$ are studied in the total
photonuclear cross section from the $\Delta$-resonance region up to the region
where shadowing effects are known to exist. A consistent picture is obtained by
simply assuming a density dependence of the different mechanisms of resonance
broadening and shadowing. The $\Delta$-mass shift is found to increase with
$A$.


  We study the upward point-set embeddability of digraphs on one-sided convex
point sets with at most 1 bend per edge. We provide an algorithm to compute a
1-bend upward point-set embedding of outerplanar $st$-digraphs on arbitrary
one-sided convex point sets. We complement this result by proving that for
every $n \geq 18$ there exists a $2$-outerplanar $st$-digraph $G$ with $n$
vertices and a one-sided convex point set $S$ so that $G$ does not admit a
1-bend upward point-set embedding on $S$.


  Ambiguous questions are a challenge for Question Answering models, as they
require answers that cover multiple interpretations of the original query. To
this end, these models are required to generate long-form answers that often
combine conflicting pieces of information. Although recent advances in the
field have shown strong capabilities in generating fluent responses, certain
research questions remain unanswered. Does model/data scaling improve the
answers' quality? Do automated metrics align with human judgment? To what
extent do these models ground their answers in evidence? In this study, we aim
to thoroughly investigate these aspects, and provide valuable insights into the
limitations of the current approaches. To aid in reproducibility and further
extension of our work, we open-source our code at
https://github.com/din0s/ambig_lfqa.


  The main experimental results on jet production at HERA are reviewed. A study
of jet shapes shows that the internal structure of jets is well understood. The
potential to accurately determine the strong coupling constant using jet rates
is discussed. First attempts to extract the gluon density in next-to-leading
order are presented. Although fixed order perturbative QCD is able to describe
the shape of most variables associated to the hard subprocess leading to jets,
it does not reproduce the absolute dijet rate over a large phase space region.


  Heavy ion collisions at large baryon density may exhibit a first order phase
transition from a chirally symmetric phase to the symmetry broken ground state.
This should then lead to large density inhomogeneities, which affect the
relative hadron multiplicities.


  This paper describes our system for The Microsoft AI Challenge India 2018:
Ranking Passages for Web Question Answering. The system uses the biLSTM network
with co-attention mechanism between query and passage representations.
Additionally, we use self attention on embeddings to increase the lexical
coverage by allowing the system to take union over different embeddings. We
also incorporate hand-crafted features to improve the system performance. Our
system achieved a Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) of 0.67 on eval-1 dataset.


  The Choquet integral is a tool for the information fusion that is very
effective in the case where fuzzy measures associated with it are well chosen.
In this paper,we propose a new approach for calculating fuzzy measures
associated with the Choquet integral in a context of data fusion in multimodal
biometrics. The proposed approach is based on genetic algorithms. It has been
validated in two databases: the first base is relative to synthetic scores and
the second one is biometrically relating to the face, fingerprintand palmprint.
The results achieved attest the robustness of the proposed approach.


  As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into
operational workflows (LLM-Ops), there is a pressing need for effective
guardrails to ensure safe and aligned interactions, including the ability to
detect potentially unsafe or inappropriate content across languages. However,
existing safe-for-work classifiers are primarily focused on English text. To
address this gap for the Malaysian language, we present a novel safe-for-work
text classifier tailored specifically for Malaysian language content. By
curating and annotating a first-of-its-kind dataset of Malaysian text spanning
multiple content categories, we trained a classification model capable of
identifying potentially unsafe material using state-of-the-art natural language
processing techniques. This work represents an important step in enabling safer
interactions and content filtering to mitigate potential risks and ensure
responsible deployment of LLMs. To maximize accessibility and promote further
research towards enhancing alignment in LLM-Ops for the Malaysian context, the
model is publicly released at
https://huggingface.co/malaysia-ai/malaysian-sfw-classifier.


  I discuss LHC signatures of the charged Higgs boson of the MSSM, focussing
mainly on the case of the charged Higgs boson being heavier than top quark.


  The recent advancement of information and communication technology makes
digitalisation of an entire manufacturing shop-floor possible where physical
processes are tightly intertwined with their cyber counterparts. This led to an
emergence of a concept of digital twin, which is a realistic virtual copy of a
physical object. Digital twin will be the key technology in Cyber-Physical
Production Systems (CPPS) and its market is expected to grow significantly in
the coming years. Nevertheless, digital twin is still relatively a new concept
that people have different perspectives on its requirements, capabilities, and
limitations. To better understand an effect of digital twin's operations,
mitigate complexity of capturing dynamics of physical phenomena, and improve
analysis and predictability, it is important to have a development tool with a
strong semantic foundation that can accurately model, simulate, and synthesise
the digital twin. This paper reviews current state-of-art on tools and
developments of digital twin in manufacturing and discusses potential design
challenges.


  We propose a method for frequency stabilization of a resonant opto-mechanical
oscillator utilizing the different temperature and strain dependence of the
optical and mechanical modes. In particular, we show that the temperature of
the mechanical resonator can be stabilized to microKelvin level without the
need for an external temperature or frequency reference. The method is
promising for reaching the thermodynamically limited performance of
opto-mechanical oscillators, and even for lifting the thermodynamic limit.


  In-situ plasma measurements as well as remote mapping of energetic neutral
atoms around Jupiter provide indirect evidence that an enhancement of neutral
gas is present near the orbit of the moon Europa. Simulations suggest that such
a neutral gas torus can be sustained by escape from Europa's atmosphere and
consists primarily of molecular hydrogen, but the neutral gas torus has not yet
been measured directly through emissions or in-situ. Here we present
observations by the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph of the Hubble Space Telescope
(HST/COS) from 2020 and 2021, which scanned the equatorial plane between 8 and
10 planetary radii west of Jupiter. No neutral gas emissions are detected. We
derive upper limits on the emissions and compare these to modelled emissions
from electron impact and resonant scattering using a Europa torus Monte Carlo
model for the neutral gases. The comparison supports the previous findings that
the torus is dilute and primarily consists of molecular hydrogen. A detection
of sulfur ion emissions radially inward of the Europa orbit is consistent with
emissions from the extended Io torus and with sulfur ion fractional abundances
as previously detected.


  This monograph reviews our current understanding of the physical dynamics of
ice crystal growth, focusing on the spontaneous formation of complex structures
from water vapor (called snow crystals) as a function of temperature,
supersaturation, background gas pressure, and other extrinsic parameters. Snow
crystal growth is a remarkably rich and rather poorly understood phenomenon,
requiring a synthesis of concepts from materials science, crystal-growth
theory, statistical mechanics, diffusion-limited solidification, finite-element
modeling, and molecular surface processes. Building upon recent advances in
precision measurement techniques, computation modeling methods, and molecular
dynamics simulations of crystalline surfaces, I believe we are moving rapidly
toward the long-sought goal of developing a full physical model of snow crystal
formation, using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to create a
semi-empirical characterization of the nanoscale surface attachment kinetics,
and then incorporating that into a full computational model that reproduces the
growth of macroscopic crystalline structures. Section 1 of this monograph deals
mainly with the material properties of ice Ih in equilibrium, including
thermodynamics quantities, facet surface structures, terrace step energies, and
crystal twinning behaviors.


  We give explicit examples of pairs of one-ended, open 4-manifolds whose
end-sums yield uncountably many manifolds with distinct proper homotopy types.
This answers strongly in the affirmative a conjecture of Siebenmann regarding
the nonuniqueness of end-sums. In addition to the construction of these
examples, we provide a detailed discussion of the tools used to distinguish
them; most importantly, the end-cohomology algebra. Key to our Main Theorem is
an understanding of this algebra for an end-sum in terms of the algebras of the
summands together with ray-fundamental classes determined by the rays used to
perform the end-sum. Differing ray-fundamental classes allow us to distinguish
the various examples, but only through the subtle theory of infinitely
generated abelian groups. An appendix is included which contains the necessary
background from that area.


  We study several aspects of the recently introduced fixed-phase spin-orbit
diffusion Monte Carlo (FPSODMC) method, in particular, its relation to the
fixed-node method and its potential use as a general approach for electronic
structure calculations. We illustrate constructions of spinor-based wave
functions with the full space-spin symmetry without assigning up or down spin
labels to particular electrons, effectively "complexifying" even ordinary
real-valued wave functions. Interestingly, with proper choice of the simulation
parameters and spin variables, such fixed-phase calculations enable one to
reach also the fixed-node limit. The fixed-phase solution provides a
straightforward interpretation as the lowest bosonic state in a given effective
potential generated by the many-body approximate phase. In addition, the
divergences present at real wave function nodes are smoothed out to lower
dimensionality, decreasing thus the variation of sampled quantities and making
the sampling also more straightforward. We illustrate some of these properties
on calculations of selected first-row systems that recover the fixed-node
results with quantitatively similar levels of the corresponding biases. At the
same time, the fixed-phase approach opens new possibilities for more general
trial wave functions with further opportunities for increasing accuracy in
practical calculations.


  We study the string instanton wrapping a non-trivial two-cycle in CP(3) of
the type IIA string theory compactified on AdS_4 x CP(3) superspace and find
that it has twelve fermionic zero modes associated with 1/2 of the
supersymmetry of the background thus manifesting that this classical instanton
configuration is 1/2 BPS


  In this paper we consider the dynamical system involved by the Ricci operator
on the space of K\"ahler metrics. A. Nadel has defined an iteration scheme
given by the Ricci operator for Fano manifold and asked whether it has some
nontrivial periodic points. First, we prove that no such periodic points can
exist. We define the inverse of the Ricci operator and consider the dynamical
behaviour of its iterates for a Fano K\"ahler-Einstein manifold. In particular
we show that the iterates do converge to the existing K\"ahler-Ricci soliton on
a toric manifold. Finally, we define a finite dimensional procedure to give an
approximation of K\"ahler-Einstein metrics using this iterative procedure and
apply it for $\mathbb{CP}^2$ blown up in 3 points.


  Let $G$ be an undirected, bounded degree graph with $n$ vertices. Fix a
finite graph $H$, and suppose one must remove $\varepsilon n$ edges from $G$ to
make it $H$-minor free (for some small constant $\varepsilon > 0$). We give an
$n^{1/2+o(1)}$-time randomized procedure that, with high probability, finds an
$H$-minor in such a graph. As an application, suppose one must remove
$\varepsilon n$ edges from a bounded degree graph $G$ to make it planar. This
result implies an algorithm, with the same running time, that produces a
$K_{3,3}$ or $K_5$ minor in $G$. No prior sublinear time bound was known for
this problem.
  By the graph minor theorem, we get an analogous result for any minor-closed
property. Up to $n^{o(1)}$ factors, this resolves a conjecture of
Benjamini-Schramm-Shapira (STOC 2008) on the existence of one-sided property
testers for minor-closed properties. Furthermore, our algorithm is nearly
optimal, by an $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$ lower bound of Czumaj et al (RSA 2014).
  Prior to this work, the only graphs $H$ for which non-trivial one-sided
property testers were known for $H$-minor freeness are the following: $H$ being
a forest or a cycle (Czumaj et al, RSA 2014), $K_{2,k}$, $(k\times 2)$-grid,
and the $k$-circus (Fichtenberger et al, Arxiv 2017).


  We analyze a proof of Bruck to obtain an explicit rate of asymptotic
regularity for Ces\`aro means in uniformly convex Banach spaces. Our rate will
only depend on a norm bound and a modulus $\eta$ of uniform convexity. One
ingredient for the proof by Bruck is a result of Pisier, which shows that every
uniformly convex (in fact every uniformly nonsquare) Banach space has some
Rademacher type $q>1$ with a suitable constant $C_q$. We explicitly determine
$q$ and $C_q$, which only depend on the single value $\eta(1)$ of our modulus.
Beyond these specific results, we summarize how work of Bruck has inspired
developments in the proof mining program, which applies tools from logic to
obtain results in various areas of mathematics.


  The reaction 7Li(pi+,pi-)7B has been measured at incident pion energies of
30-90 MeV. 7Li constitutes the lightest target nucleus, where the pionic charge
exchange may proceed as a binary reaction to a discrete final state. Like in
the Delta-resonance region the observed cross sections are much smaller than
expected from the systematics found for heavier nuclei. In analogy to the
neutron halo case of 11Li this cross section suppression is interpreted as
evidence for a proton halo in the particle-unstable nucleus 7B.


  The Multi-Agent Oriented Programming (MAOP) paradigm provides abstractions to
model and implements entities of agents, as well as of their organisations and
environments. In recent years, researchers have started to explore the
integration of MAOP and the resource-oriented web architecture (REST). This
paper further advances this line of research by presenting an ongoing work on
jacamo-rest, a resource-oriented web-based abstraction for the multi-agent
programming platform JaCaMo. Jacamo-rest takes Multi-Agent System (MAS)
interoperability to a new level, enabling MAS to not only interact with
services or applications of the World Wide Web but also to be managed and
updated in their specifications by other applications. To add a developer
interface to JaCaMo that is suitable for the Web, we provide a novel conceptual
perspective on the management of MAOP specification entities as web resources.
We tested jacamo-rest using it as a middleware of a programming interface
application that provides modern software engineering facilities such as
continuous deployments and iterative software development for MAS.


  We report on measurements of self-diffusion coefficients in discrete
numerical simulations of steady, homogeneous, collisional shearing flows of
nearly identical, frictional, inelastic spheres. We focus on a range of
relatively high solid volume fractions that are important in those terrestrial
gravitational shearing flows that are dominated by collisional interactions.
Diffusion over this range of solid fraction has not been well characterized in
previous studies. We first compare the measured values with an empirical
scaling based on shear rate previously proposed in the literature, and
highlight the presence of anisotropy and the solid fraction dependence. We then
compare the numerical measurements with those predicted by the kinetic theory
for shearing flows of inelastic spheres and offer an explanation for why the
measured and predicted values differ.


  This paper investigate bounds of the commutator width \cite {Mur} of a wreath
product of two groups.
  The commutator width of direct limit of wreath product of cyclic groups are
found.
  For given a permutational wreath product sequence of cyclic groups we
investigate its commutator width and some properties of its commutator
subgroup.
  It was proven that the commutator width of an arbitrary element of the wreath
product of cyclic groups $C_{p_i}, \, p_i\in \mathbb{N} $ equals to 1. As a
corollary, it is shown that the commutator width of Sylows $p$-subgroups of
symmetric and alternating groups $p \geq 2$ are also equal to 1. The structure
of commutator and second commutator of Sylows $2$-subgroups of symmetric and
alternating groups were investigated.
  For an arbitraty group $B$ an upper bound of commutator width of $C_p \wr B$
was founded. For an arbitraty group $B$ commutator width of $C_p \wr B$ was
founded. Also commutator width of Sylow 2-subgroups of alternating group
${A_{{2^{k}}}}$, permutation group ${S_{{2^{k}}}}$ are founded. The result of
research are extended on subgroups $(Syl_2 {A_{{2^{k}}}})'$, $p\geq2$. The
structure of commutator subgroup of Sylow 2-subgroups of symmetric and
alternating groups is investigated.
  Portrait representation of $(Syl_2 {A_{{2^{k}}}})'$, $(Syl_2 {S_{{2^{k}}}})'$
was investigated.


  We study the global scaling-laws of 51 compact field galaxies with redshifts
z = 0.2-1.3 and apparent magnitudes I<23.74 in the flanking fields of the
Hubble Deep Field. Roughly 60% of the 45 compact emission-line galaxies have
sizes, surface brightnesses, luminosities, velocity widths, excitations, star
formation rates (SFR), and mass-to-light ratios characteristic of young
star-forming HII galaxies. The remaining 40% form a more heterogeneous class of
evolved starbursts, similar to local disk starburst galaxies. Without
additional star formation, HII-like distant compacts will most likely fade to
resemble today's spheroidal galaxies such as NGC 205. Our sample implies a
lower limit for the global comoving SFR density of 0.004 M/yr/Mpc^3 at z =
0.55, and 0.008 M/yr/Mpc^3 at z = 0.85. These values, when compared to a
similar sample of local galaxies, support a history of the universe in which
the SFR density declines by a factor 10 from z = 1 to today. From the
comparison with the SFR densities derived from previous data sets, we conclude
that compact emission-line galaxies, though only 20% of the general field
population, may contribute as much as 45% to the global SFR of the universe at
0.4 < z < 1.


  First we investigate the evolutions of the radius function and its gradient
along the volume-preserving mean curvature flow starting from a tube (of
nonconstant radius) over a compact closed domain of a reflective submanifold in
a symmetric space under certain condition for the radius function. Next, we
prove that the tubeness is preserved along the flow in the case where the
ambient space is a rank one symmetric space of non-compact type (other than a
(real) hyperbolic space) and the reflective submanifold is an invariant
submanifold and the radius function of the initial tube is radial. Furthermore,
in this case, we prove that the flow reaches to the invariant submanifold or it
exists in infinite time and converges to another tube of constant mean
curvature over the invariant submanifold in the $C^{\infty}$-topology in
infinite time.


  The magnetised iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector proposed at the India-based
Neutrino Observatory will be a 51 kton detector made up of 151 layers of 56 mm
thick soft iron with 40 mm air gap in between where the RPCs, the active
detectors, will be placed. The main goal of ICAL is to make precision
measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters using the atmospheric
neutrinos as source. The charged current interactions of the atmospheric muon
neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in the detector produce charged muons. The
magnetic field, with a maximum value of $\sim$ 1.5 T in the central region of
ICAL, is a critical component since it will be used to distinguish the charges
and determine the momentum and direction of these muons. It is difficult to
measure the magnetic field inside the iron. The existing methods can only
estimate the internal field and hence will be prone to error. This paper
presents the first simulations study of the effect of errors in the measurement
of the magnetic field in ICAL on its physics potential, especially the neutrino
mass ordering and precision measurement of oscillation parameters in the 2--3
sector. The study is a GEANT4-based analysis, using measurements of the
magnetic field at the prototype ICAL detector. We find that there is only a
small effect on the determination of the mass ordering. While local
fluctuations in the magnetic field measurement are well-tolerated, calibration
errors must remain well within 5\% to retain good precision determination of
the parameters $\sin^2\theta_{23}$ and $\Delta m^2_{32}$.


  This paper considers a random access system where each sender can be in two
modes of operation, active or not active, and where the set of active users is
available to a common receiver only. Active transmitters encode data into
independent streams of information, a subset of which are decoded by the
receiver, depending on the value of the collective interference. The main
contribution is to present an information-theoretic formulation of the problem
which allows us to characterize, with a guaranteed gap to optimality, the rates
that can be achieved by different data streams.
  Our results are articulated as follows. First, we exactly characterize the
capacity region of a two-user system assuming a binary-expansion deterministic
channel model. Second, we extend this result to a two-user additive white
Gaussian noise channel, providing an approximate characterization within
$\sqrt{3}/2$ bit of the actual capacity. Third, we focus on the symmetric
scenario in which users are active with the same probability and subject to the
same received power constraint, and study the maximum achievable expected
sum-rate, or throughput, for any number of users. In this case, for the
symmetric binary expansion deterministic channel (which is related to the
packet collision model used in the networking literature), we show that a
simple coding scheme which does not employ superposition coding achieves the
system throughput. This result also shows that the performance of slotted ALOHA
systems can be improved by allowing encoding rate adaptation at the
transmitters. For the symmetric additive white Gaussian noise channel, we
propose a scheme that is within one bit of the system throughput for any value
of the underlying parameters.


  In the paper, we first study the subgroup of $ K$-automorphisms of
$K[x_1,\allowbreak \ldots,x_n]$ which commutes with a simple derivation of
$K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$. We show that the subgroup of $ K$-automorphisms of
$K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ which commutes with a simple derivation of
$K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ consists of translations under certain hypothesis. We also
prove that the subgroup of $K$-automorphisms of $K[x_1,x_2]$ which commutes
with a simple derivation is trivial under the same hypothesis, and the subgroup
of $ K$-automorphisms of $K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ which commutes with simple
Shamsuddin derivations is trivial under the same hypothesis. Then we give an
affirmative answer to the conjecture proposed in \cite{13} for $n=2$.


  Active inference offers a first principle account of sentient behaviour, from
which special and important cases can be derived, e.g., reinforcement learning,
active learning, Bayes optimal inference, Bayes optimal design, etc. Active
inference resolves the exploitation-exploration dilemma in relation to prior
preferences, by placing information gain on the same footing as reward or
value. In brief, active inference replaces value functions with functionals of
(Bayesian) beliefs, in the form of an expected (variational) free energy. In
this paper, we consider a sophisticated kind of active inference, using a
recursive form of expected free energy. Sophistication describes the degree to
which an agent has beliefs about beliefs. We consider agents with beliefs about
the counterfactual consequences of action for states of affairs and beliefs
about those latent states. In other words, we move from simply considering
beliefs about 'what would happen if I did that' to 'what would I believe about
what would happen if I did that'. The recursive form of the free energy
functional effectively implements a deep tree search over actions and outcomes
in the future. Crucially, this search is over sequences of belief states, as
opposed to states per se. We illustrate the competence of this scheme, using
numerical simulations of deep decision problems.


  This paper introduces the maximal eigengap estimator for finding the
direction of arrival of a wideband acoustic signal using a single
vector-sensor. We show that in this setting narrowband cross-spectral density
matrices can be combined in an optimal weighting that approximately maximizes
signal-to-noise ratio across a wide frequency band. The signal subspace
resulting from this optimal combination of narrowband power matrices defines
the maximal eigengap estimator. We discuss the advantages of the maximal
eigengap estimator over competing methods, and demonstrate its utility in a
real-data application using signals collected in 2019 from an acoustic
vector-sensor deployed in the Monterey Bay.


  We study the entanglement dynamics in a two-spin system governed by a
bilinear Hamiltonian and assisted by phase kicks. It is found that the
application of instant kicks to both spins at some specific moments leads to
enhancement of entanglement. This procedure also improves the transient
character of entanglement leading, for large spins, to a formation of a plateau
for the I-concurrence. We have numerically investigated the spin-spin dynamics
for several values of spins and observed a substantial enhancement of
entanglement in comparison to the evolution without kicks.


  Levin-Wen models are a class of two-dimensional lattice spin models with a
Hamiltonian that is a sum of commuting projectors, which describe topological
phases of matter related to Drinfeld centres. We generalise this construction
to lattice systems internal to a topological phase described by an arbitrary
modular fusion category $\mathcal{C}$. The lattice system is defined in terms
of an orbifold datum $\mathbb{A}$ in $\mathcal{C}$, from which we construct a
state space and a commuting-projector Hamiltonian $H_{\mathbb{A}}$ acting on
it. The topological phase of the degenerate ground states of $H_{\mathbb{A}}$
is characterised by a modular fusion category $\mathcal{C}_{\mathbb{A}}$
defined directly in terms of $\mathbb{A}$. By choosing different $\mathbb{A}$'s
for a fixed $\mathcal{C}$, one obtains precisely all phases which are
Witt-equivalent to $\mathcal{C}$.
  As special cases we recover the Kitaev and the Levin-Wen lattice models from
instances of orbifold data in the trivial modular fusion category of vector
spaces, as well as phases obtained by anyon condensation in a given phase
$\mathcal{C}$.


  In this paper, we propose to augment image-based place recognition with
structural cues. Specifically, these structural cues are obtained using
structure-from-motion, such that no additional sensors are needed for place
recognition. This is achieved by augmenting the 2D convolutional neural network
(CNN) typically used for image-based place recognition with a 3D CNN that takes
as input a voxel grid derived from the structure-from-motion point cloud. We
evaluate different methods for fusing the 2D and 3D features and obtain best
performance with global average pooling and simple concatenation. On the Oxford
RobotCar dataset, the resulting descriptor exhibits superior recognition
performance compared to descriptors extracted from only one of the input
modalities, including state-of-the-art image-based descriptors. Especially at
low descriptor dimensionalities, we outperform state-of-the-art descriptors by
up to 90%.


  Let $[n]$ denote $\{0,1, ... , n-1\}$. A polynomial $f(x) = \sum a_i x^i$ is
a Littlewood polynomial (LP) of length $n$ if the $a_i$ are $\pm 1$ for $i \in
[n]$, and $a_i = 0$ for $i \ge n$. Such an LP is said to have order $m$ if it
is divisible by $(x-1)^m$. The problem of finding the set $L_m$ of lengths of
LPs of order $m$ is equivalent to finding the lengths of spectral-null codes of
order $m$, and to finding $n$ such that $[n]$ admits a partition into two
subsets whose first $m$ moments are equal. Extending the techniques and results
of Boyd and others, we completely determine $L_7$ and $L_8$ and prove that 192
is the smallest element of $L_9$. Our primary tools are the use of carefully
targeted searches using integer linear programming (both to find LPs and to
disprove their existence for specific $n$ and $m$), and an unexpected new
concept (that arose out of observed symmetry properties of LPs) that we call
"regenerative pairs," which produce infinite arithmetic progressions in $L_m$.
We prove that for $m \le$ 8, whenever there is an LP of length $n$ and order
$m$, there is one of length $n$ and order $m$ that is symmetric
(resp.~antisymmetric) if m is even (resp.~odd).


  Given a compact closed four dimensional smooth Riemannian manifold, we prove
existence of extremal functions for Moser-Trudinger type inequality. The method
used is Blow-up analysis combined with capacity techniques.


  PDS 456 is a nearby (z=0.184), luminous (L_bol ~10^47 erg/s) type I quasar. A
deep 190 ks Suzaku observation in February 2007 revealed the complex, broad
band X-ray spectrum of PDS 456. The Suzaku spectrum exhibits highly
statistically significant absorption features near 9 keV in the quasar
rest--frame. We show that the most plausible origin of the absorption is from
blue-shifted resonance (1s-2p) transitions of hydrogen-like iron (at 6.97 keV
in the rest frame). This indicates that a highly ionized outflow may be present
moving at near relativistic velocities (~0.25c). A possible hard X-ray excess
is detected above 15 keV with HXD (at 99.8% confidence), which may arise from
high column density gas (Nh>10^24cm^-2) partially covering the X-ray emission,
or through strong Compton reflection. Here we propose that the iron K-shell
absorption in PDS 456 is associated with a thick, possibly clumpy outflow,
covering about 20% of $4\pi$ steradian solid angle. The outflow is likely
launched from the inner accretion disk, within 15-100 gravitational radii of
the black hole. The kinetic power of the outflow may be similar to the
bolometric luminosity of PDS 456. Such a powerful wind could have a significant
effect on the co-evolution of the host galaxy and its supermassive black hole,
through feedback.


  We propose a fixed-lag smoother-based sensor fusion architecture to leverage
the complementary benefits of range-based sensors and visual-inertial odometry
(VIO) for localization. We use two fixed-lag smoothers (FLS) to decouple
accurate state estimation and high-rate pose generation for closed-loop
control. The first FLS combines ultrawideband (UWB)-based range measurements
and VIO to estimate the robot trajectory and any systematic biases that affect
the range measurements in cluttered environments. The second FLS estimates
smooth corrections to VIO to generate pose estimates at a high rate for online
control. The proposed method is lightweight and can run on a computationally
constrained micro-aerial vehicle (MAV). We validate our approach through
closed-loop flight tests involving dynamic trajectories in multiple real-world
cluttered indoor environments. Our method achieves
decimeter-to-sub-decimeter-level positioning accuracy using off-the-shelf
sensors and decimeter-level tracking accuracy with minimally-tuned open-source
controllers.


  Working over a field of characteristic other than $2$, we examine a
relationship between quadrilaterals and the pencil of conics passing through
their vertices. Asymptotically, such a pencil of conics is what we call a
bisector field, a set ${\mathbb{B}}$ of paired lines such that each line $\ell$
in ${\mathbb{B}}$ simultaneously bisects each pair in ${\mathbb{B}}$ in the
sense that $\ell$ crosses the pairs of lines in ${\mathbb{B}}$ in pairs of
points that all share the same midpoint. We show that a quadrilateral induces a
geometry on the affine plane via an inner product, under which we examine
pencils of conics and pairs of bisectors of a quadrilateral. We show also how
bisectors give a new interpretation of some classically studied features of
quadrangles, such as the nine-point conic.


  Bandwidth forecasting in Mobile Broadband (MBB) networks is a challenging
task, particularly when coupled with a degree of mobility. In this work, we
introduce HINDSIGHT++, an open-source R-based framework for bandwidth
forecasting experimentation in MBB networks with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)
networks. We instrument HINDSIGHT++ following an Automated Machine Learning
(AutoML) paradigm to first, alleviate the burden of data preprocessing, and
second, enhance performance related aspects. We primarily focus on bandwidth
forecasting for Fifth Generation (5G) networks. In particular, we leverage
5Gophers, the first open-source attempt to measure network performance on
operational 5G networks in the US. We further explore the LSTM performance
boundaries on Fourth Generation (4G) commercial settings using NYU-METS, an
open-source dataset comprising of hundreds of bandwidth traces spanning
different mobility scenarios. Our study aims to investigate the impact of
hyperparameter optimization on achieving state-of-the-art performance and
beyond. Results highlight its significance under 5G scenarios showing an
average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) decrease of near 30% when compared to prior
state-of-the-art values. Due to its universal design, we argue that HINDSIGHT++
can serve as a handy software tool for a multitude of applications in other
scientific fields.


  Characterizing the physical properties of cool supergiants allows us to probe
the final stages of a massive star's evolution before it undergoes core
collapse. Despite their importance, the fundamental properties for these stars
-- $T_{\rm eff}$ and $\log L/L_\odot$ -- are only known for a limited number of
objects. The third data release of the Gaia mission contains precise photometry
and low-resolution spectroscopy of hundreds of cool supergiants in the LMC with
well-constrained properties. Using these data, we train a simple and
easily-interpretable machine learning model to regress effective temperatures
and luminosities with high accuracy and precision comparable to the training
data. We then apply our model to 5000 cool supergiants, many of which have no
previously-published $T_{\rm eff}$ or $L$ estimates. The resulting
Hertzprung-Russell diagram is well-populated, allowing us to study the
distribution of cool supergiants in great detail. Examining the luminosity
functions of our sample, we find a notable flattening in the luminosity
function of yellow supergiants above $\log L/L_\odot=5$, and a corresponding
steepening of the red supergiant luminosity function. We place this finding in
context with previous results, and present its implications for the infamous
red supergiant problem.


  In this paper, we consider a variant of Ramsey numbers which we call
complementary Ramsey numbers $\bar{R}(m,t,s)$. We first establish their
connections to pairs of Ramsey $(s,t)$-graphs. Using the classification of
Ramsey $(s,t)$-graphs for small $s,t$, we determine the complementary Ramsey
numbers $\bar{R}(m,t,s)$ for $(s,t)=(4,4)$ and $(3,6)$.


  A presentation by generators and relations of the $n$th symmetric power $B$
of a commutative algebra $A$ over a field of characteristic zero or greater
than $n$ is given. This is applied to get information on a minimal homogeneous
generating system of $B$ (in the graded case). The known result that in
characteristic zero the algebra $B$ is isomorphic to the coordinate ring of the
scheme of $n$-dimensional representations of $A$ is also recovered. The special
case when $A$ is the two-variable polynomial algebra and $n=3$ is applied to
find generators and relations of an algebra of invariants of the symmetric
group of degree four that was studied in connection with the problem of
classifying sets of four unit vectors in the Euclidean space.


  We study the representation theory of the Kazama-Suzuki coset vertex operator
superalgebra associated with the pair of a complex simple Lie algebra and its
Cartan subalgebra. In the case of type $A_{1}$, B.L. Feigin, A.M. Semikhatov,
and I.Yu. Tipunin introduced another coset construction, which is "inverse" of
the Kazama-Suzuki coset construction. In this paper we generalize the latter
coset construction to arbitrary type and establish a categorical equivalence
between the categories of certain modules over an affine vertex operator
algebra and the corresponding Kazama-Suzuki coset vertex operator superalgebra.
Moreover, when the affine vertex operator algebra is regular, we prove that the
corresponding Kazama-Suzuki coset vertex operator superalgebra is also regular
and the category of its ordinary modules carries a braided monoidal category
structure by the theory of vertex tensor categories.


  Seeders (peers that do not request anything but contribute to the system) are
a powerful concept in peer-to-peer (P2P). They allow to leverage the capacities
of a P2P system. While seeding is a natural idea for filesharing or
video-on-demand applications, it seems somehow counter-intuitive in the context
of live streaming. This paper aims at describing the feasibility and
performance of P2P live seeding. After a formal definition of "live seeding"
and efficiency, we consider the theoretical performance of systems where the
overhead is neglected. We then propose a linear overhead model and extend the
results for this model, for a single seeder and for a set of seeders as well
(it is not always possible to perfectly aggregate individual efficiencies in a
given system).


  We introduce the hook length expansion technique and explain how to discover
old and new hook length formulas for partitions and plane trees. The new hook
length formulas for trees obtained by our method can be proved rather easily,
whereas those for partitions are much more difficult and some of them still
remain open conjectures. We also develop a Maple package HookExp for computing
the hook length expansion. The paper can be seen as a collection of hook length
formulas for partitons and plane trees. All examples are illustrated by HookExp
and, for many easy cases, expained by well-known combinatorial arguments.


  Thermodynamical Behaviour of Inhomogeneous Universe with Varying $ \Lambda $
in Presence of Electromagnetic Field is obtained. $ F_{12} $ is the
non-vanishing component of electromagnetic field tensor. To get a deterministic
solution, it is assumed that the free gravitational field is Petrov type-II
non-degenerate.The value of cosmological constant is found to be small and
pasitive supported by recent results from the supernovae observations recently
obtained by High-Z Supernovae Ia Team and Supernovae Cosmological Project. A
relation between cosmological constant and thermodynamical quantities is
established. Some physical and geometric properties of the model are also
discussed.


  Random attractors are the time-evolving pullback attractors of stochastically
perturbed, deterministically chaotic dynamical systems. These attractors have a
structure that changes in time, and that has been characterized recently using
{\sc BraMAH} cell complexes and their homology groups. This description has
been further improved for their deterministic counterparts by endowing the cell
complex with a directed graph, which encodes the order in which the cells in
the complex are visited by the flow in phase space. A templex is a mathematical
object formed by a complex and a digraph; it provides a finer description of
deterministically chaotic attractors and permits their accurate classification.
In a deterministic framework, the digraph of the templex connects cells within
a single complex for all time. Here, we introduce the stochastic version of a
templex. In a random templex, there is one complex per snapshot of the random
attractor and the digraph connects the generators or ``holes'' of successive
cell complexes. Tipping points appear in a random templex as drastic changes of
its holes in motion, namely their birth, splitting, merging, or death. This
paper introduces and computes the random templex for the noise-driven Lorenz
system's random attractor (LORA).


  A full lithium-ion-sulfur cell with a remarkable cycle life was achieved by
combining an environmentally sustainable biomass-derived sulfur-carbon cathode
and a pre-lithiated silicon oxide anode. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy,
energy dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry of the cathode evidenced
the disordered nature of the carbon matrix in which sulfur was uniformly
distributed with a weight content as high as 75%, while scanning and
transmission electron microscopy revealed the micrometric morphology of the
composite. The sulfur-carbon electrode in the lithium half-cell exhibited a
maximum capacity higher than 1200 mAhgS-1, reversible electrochemical process,
limited electrode/electrolyte interphase resistance, and a rate capability up
to C/2. The material showed a capacity decay of about 40% with respect to the
steady-state value over 100 cycles, likely due to the reaction with the lithium
metal of dissolved polysulfides or impurities including P detected in the
carbon precursor. Therefore, the replacement of the lithium metal with a less
challenging anode was suggested, and the sulfur-carbon composite was
subsequently investigated in the full lithium-ion-sulfur battery employing a
Li-alloying silicon oxide anode. The full-cell revealed an initial capacity as
high as 1200 mAhgS-1, a retention increased to more than 79% for 100
galvanostatic cycles, and 56% over 500 cycles. The data reported herein well
indicated the reliability of energy storage devices with extended cycle life
employing high-energy, green, and safe electrode materials.


  We construct cobordism maps for the \textit{minus} version of instanton knot
homology associated to a \textit{specially decorated} knot cobordisms of
arbitrary genus between two null-homologous knots in closed oriented
$3$-manifolds. As an application of our construction, we recover an inequality
between the torsion order of knots in instanton theory, which was originally
established in Heegaard Floer theory by work of Juh\'asz, Miller, and Zemke. We
further use this inequality to compute the framed instanton Floer homology of
any non-zero Dehn surgeries along an alternating knot of bridge index at most
$3$.


  It is unclear how very close binary stars form, given that during the
pre-main-sequence phase the component stars would have been inside each other.
One hypothesis is that they formed further apart, but were brought in closer
after formation by gravitational interaction with a third member of the system.
If so, all close binaries should be members of triple (or higher-order)
systems. As a test of this prediction, we present a search for the signature of
third components in archival spectra of close binaries. In our sample of 75
objects, 23 show evidence for the presence of a third component, down to a
detection limit of tertiary flux contributions of about 0.8% at 5200 \AA\
(considering only contact and semi-detached binaries, we find 20 out of 66). In
a homogeneous subset of 58 contact binaries, we are fairly confident that the
15 tertiaries we have detected are all tertiaries present with mass ratios
$0.28\lesssim M_3/M_{12}\lesssim0.75$ and implied outer periods
$P\lesssim10^6{\rm d}$. We find that if the frequency of tertiaries was the
same as that of binary companions to solar-type stars, we would have expected
to detect about 12 tertiaries. In contrast, if all contact binaries were in
triple systems, one would expect about 20. Thus, our results are not
conclusive, but sufficiently suggestive to warrant further studies.


  With the progress in AI-based facial forgery (i.e., deepfake), people are
increasingly concerned about its abuse. Albeit effort has been made for
training classification (also known as deepfake detection) models to recognize
such forgeries, existing models suffer from poor generalization to unseen
forgery technologies and high sensitivity to changes in image/video quality. In
this paper, we advocate adversarial training for improving the generalization
ability to both unseen facial forgeries and unseen image/video qualities. We
believe training with samples that are adversarially crafted to attack the
classification models improves the generalization ability considerably.
Considering that AI-based face manipulation often leads to high-frequency
artifacts that can be easily spotted by models yet difficult to generalize, we
further propose a new adversarial training method that attempts to blur out
these specific artifacts, by introducing pixel-wise Gaussian blurring models.
With adversarial training, the classification models are forced to learn more
discriminative and generalizable features, and the effectiveness of our method
can be verified by plenty of empirical evidence. Our code will be made publicly
available.


  The numerical analysis of a family of distributed mixed optimal control
problems governed by elliptic variational inequalities (with parameter $\alpha
>0$) is obtained through the finite element method when its parameter
$h\rightarrow 0$. We also obtain the limit of the discrete optimal control and
the associated state system solutions when $\alpha\rightarrow \infty$ (for each
$h>0$) and a commutative diagram for two continuous and two discrete optimal
control and its associated state system solutions is obtained when
$h\rightarrow 0$ and $\alpha\rightarrow \infty$. Moreover, the double
convergence is also obtained when $(h, \alpha)\rightarrow(0, \infty)$.


  The perturbative renormalization of the Ginzburg-Landau model is reconsidered
based on the Feynman diagram technique. We derive renormalization group (RG)
flow equations, exactly calculating all vertices appearing in the perturbative
renormalization of the phi^4 model up to the epsilon^3 order of the
epsilon-expansion. In this case, the phi^2, phi^4, phi^6, and phi^8 vertices
appear. All these vertices are relevant. We have tested the expected basic
properties of the RG flow, such as the semigroup property. Under repeated RG
transformation R_s, appropriately represented RG flow on the critical surface
converges to certain s-independent fixed point. The Fourier-transformed
two-point correlation function G(k) has been considered. Although the
epsilon-expansion of X(k)=1/G(k) is well defined on the critical surface, we
have revealed an inconsistency of the perturbative method with the exact
rescaling of X(k), represented as an expansion in powers of k at k --> 0. We
have discussed also some aspects of the perturbative renormalization of the
two-point correlation function slightly above the critical point. Apart from
the epsilon-expansion, we have tested and briefly discussed also a modified
approach, where the phi^4 coupling constant u is the expansion parameter at a
fixed spatial dimensionality d.


  We find the Euler-Lagrangian equation by maximising the total entropy. Hence
we obtain an expression for mass of the spherically symmetric system by solving
the Euler-Lagrangian equation where the Homotopy Perturbation Method has been
employed. With the help of this expression and the Einstein field equations we
obtain an interior solution set. Thereafter, we explain different aspects of
the solution describing the system in connection to the mass, density,
pressures, energy, stability, mass-radius ratio, compactness factor and surface
redshift. This analysis shows that all the physical properties, in connection
to brown dwarf stars, are valid with the observed features.


  We study FCNC and CP violating processes in the MSSM without a new flavour
structure (flavour blind MSSM). The low energy parameters are determined by the
running of the soft breaking terms from the GUT scale with SUSY phases
consistent with the EDM constraints. We find that the CP asymmetry in b -> s
gamma can reach large values potentially measurable at B factories, especially
in the low BR(b -> s gamma) region. We analyze the SUSY contributions to the
anomalous magnetic moment of the muon pointing out its impact on the b -> s
gamma CP asymmetry and on the SUSY spectrum.


  We analyze a conservative market model for the competition among economic
agents in a close society. A minimum dynamics ensures that the poorest agent
has a chance to improve its economic welfare. After a transient, the system
self-organizes into a critical state where the wealth distribution have a
minimum threshold, with almost no agent below this poverty line, also, very few
extremely rich agents are stable in time. Above the poverty line the
distribution follows an exponential behavior. The local solution exhibits a low
Gini index, while the mean field solution of the model generates a wealth
distribution similar to welfare states like Sweden.


  We discuss how localized twisted moduli in type I string theory can provide a
string realization of brane world supersymmetry breaking models.


  We give a complete classification of Airy structures for finite-dimensional
simple Lie algebras over $\mathbb C$, and to some extent also over $\mathbb R$,
up to isomorphisms and gauge transformations. The result is that the only
algebras of this type which admit any Airy structures are $\mathfrak{sl}_2$,
$\mathfrak{sp}_4$ and $\mathfrak{sp}_{10}$. Among these, each admits exactly
two non-equivalent Airy structures. Our methods apply directly also to
semisimple Lie algebras. In this case it turns out that the number of
non-equivalent Airy structures is countably infinite. We have derived a number
of interesting properties of these Airy structures and constructed many
examples. Techniques used to derive our results may be described, broadly
speaking, as an application of representation theory in semiclassical analysis.


  Federated Learning (FL) decouples model training from the need for direct
access to the data and allows organizations to collaborate with industry
partners to reach a satisfying level of performance without sharing vulnerable
business information. The performance of a machine learning algorithm is highly
sensitive to the choice of its hyperparameters. In an FL setting,
hyperparameter optimization poses new challenges. In this work, we investigated
the impact of different hyperparameter optimization approaches in an FL system.
In an effort to reduce communication costs, a critical bottleneck in FL, we
investigated a local hyperparameter optimization approach that -- in contrast
to a global hyperparameter optimization approach -- allows every client to have
its own hyperparameter configuration. We implemented these approaches based on
grid search and Bayesian optimization and evaluated the algorithms on the MNIST
data set using an i.i.d. partition and on an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor
based industrial data set using a non-i.i.d. partition.


  It is known that there are only finitely many knots with super bridge index
3. Jin and Jeon have provided a list of possible such candidates. However, they
conjectured that the only knots with super bridge index 3 are trefoil and the
figure eight knot. In this paper, we prove that the $5_2$ knot and the $6_2$
knot are also 3-super bridge knots by providing a polynomial representation of
these knots in degree $6.$ This also answers a question asked by Durfee and
O'Shea in their paper on polynomial knots: is there any 5-crossing knot in
degree 6?


  Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have puzzled astronomers since their accidental
discovery in the sixties. The BATSE detector on the COMPTON-GRO satellite has
been detecting one burst per day for the last six years. Its findings have
revolutionized our ideas about the nature of these objects. They have shown
that GRBs are at cosmological distances. This idea was accepted with
difficulties at first. However, the recent discovery of an x-ray afterglow by
the Italian/Dutch satellite BeppoSAX led to a detection of high red-shift
absorption lines in the optical afterglow of GRB970508 and to a confirmation of
its cosmological origin. The simplest and practically inevitable interpretation
of these observations is that GRBs result from the conversion of the kinetic
energy of ultra-relativistic particles flux to radiation in an optically thin
region. The "inner engine" that accelerates the particles or generates the
Poynting flux is hidden from direct observations. Recent studies suggest the
``internal-external'' model: internal shocks that take place within the
relativistic flow produce the GRB while the subsequent interaction of the flow
with the external medium produce the afterglow. The ``inner engine'' that
produces the flow is, however, hidden from direct observations. We review this
model with a specific emphasis on its implications to underground physics.


  The rate and reach of directly-modulated laser links is often limited by the
interplay between chirp and fiber chromatic dispersion. We address this by
optimizing the transmitter, receiver, bias and peak-to-peak current to the
laser jointly. Our approach outperforms Volterra post-equalization at various
symbol rates.


  The process of planet formation offers a rich source of dust production via
grain growth in protostellar discs, and via grinding of larger bodies in debris
disc systems. Chemical evolution models, designed to follow the build up of
metals and dust in galaxies, do not currently account for planet formation. We
consider the possibility that the apparent under-prediction of dust mass in
high redshift galaxies by chemical evolution models could be in part, due to
these models neglecting this process, specifically due to their assumption that
a large fraction of the dust mass is removed from the interstellar medium
during star formation (so-called astration). By adding a planet formation phase
into galaxy chemical evolution, we demonstrate that the dust budget crisis can
be partially ameliorated by a factor of 1.3-1.5 only if a) circumstellar discs
prevent a large fraction of the dust mass entering the star during its birth,
and b) that dust mass is preferentially liberated via jets, winds and outflows
rather than accreted into planetary-mass bodies.


  We present a simple yet effective method for structure prediction of
two-dimensional structures. The method is based on a combination of neural
networks and evolutionary techniques. It allows finding pristine 2D structures
as well as structures grown on a substrate. Conducted tests show, that the
method is efficient and the calculations, based only on the information of
stoichiometry, can lead to stable structures. Since the algorithm is able to
address structures on a given substrate, it can be useful from the experimental
point of view.


  The high energy spin excitation in the high T$_{c}$ cuprates is studied in
the single mode approximation for the $t-t'-J$ model. An exact form for the
mode dispersion is derived. When the Gutzwiller projected BCS state is used as
the variational ground state, a spin-wave-like dispersion of about 2.2$J$ is
uncovered along the $\Gamma=(0,0)$ to $\mathrm{M}=(\pi,0)$ line. Both the mode
energy and the integrated intensity of the spin fluctuation spectrum are found
to be almost doping independent in large doping range, which agrees very well
with the observations of recent RIXS measurements. Together with previous
studies on the quasiparticle properties of the Gutzwiiler projected BCS state,
our results indicate that such a Fermionic RVB theory can provide a consistent
description of both the itinerant and the local aspect of electronic
excitations in the high T$_{c}$ cuprates.


  An infinite family of generalized pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms of the sphere
S is constructed, and their invariant foliations and singular orbits are
described explicitly by means of generalized train tracks. The complex strucure
induced by the invariant foliations is described, and is shown to make S into a
complex sphere. The generalized pseudo-Anosovs thus become quasiconformal
automorphisms of the Riemann sphere, providing a complexification of the
unimodal family which differs from that of the Fatou/Julia theory.


  In this paper we investigate the consequences of imposing an SO(4) symmetry
both on the scalar field and on spacetime prior to any spontaneous symmetry
breakdown in the electroweak model. First we argue that the local electroweak
gauge symmetry is implied by the initial SO(4) symmetry of the scalar field.
Then we parameterize the vacuum, in a slightly different way with respect to
the conventional assignment in the electroweak model, around the ground state
mainly in two different ways: Once over the local electroweak gauge
transformations and once over the local $\gamma$ basis which generates the
SO(4) symmetry of the scalar field. Through comparing the two, we conclude that
a consistent parametrization, requires the complexification of the scalar
field, which simultaneously requires spacetime to obey local Lorentz invariance
in the broken phase of the electroweak vacuum. After spontaneous symmetry
breakdown and complexification, the SO(3,1) invariant quantity of the scalar
field is identified to be the Higgs mass, which yields $m_H=v/2 \cong 123$ GeV.
Also the vacuum state is normalized to a unit state by rescaling the local
$\gamma$ basis, so that the metric tensor inherently contains the speed of
light in the Higgs vacuum. We shortly consider the validity of the SO(3,1)
invariance property of the vacuum state in terms of the Goldstone modes, in
case the Higgs field departs from the ground state. The main goal of the paper
is to treat spacetime and vacuum as the two faces of the same medallion, and to
relate the local spacetime symmetry with the electroweak gauge symmetry, both
in the broken and unbroken phases of the vacuum via complexification and
spontaneous symmetry breaking.


  Quality assurance (QA) tools are receiving more and more attention and are
widely used by developers. Given the wide range of solutions for QA technology,
it is still a question of evaluating QA tools. Most existing research is
limited in the following ways: (i) They compare tools without considering
scanning rules analysis. (ii) They disagree on the effectiveness of tools due
to the study methodology and benchmark dataset. (iii) They do not separately
analyze the role of the warnings. (iv) There is no large-scale study on the
analysis of time performance. To address these problems, in the paper, we
systematically select 6 free or open-source tools for a comprehensive study
from a list of 148 existing Java QA tools. To carry out a comprehensive study
and evaluate tools in multi-level dimensions, we first mapped the scanning
rules to the CWE and analyze the coverage and granularity of the scanning
rules. Then we conducted an experiment on 5 benchmarks, including 1,425 bugs,
to investigate the effectiveness of these tools. Furthermore, we took
substantial effort to investigate the effectiveness of warnings by comparing
the real labeled bugs with the warnings and investigating their role in bug
detection. Finally, we assessed these tools' time performance on 1,049
projects. The useful findings based on our comprehensive study can help
developers improve their tools and provide users with suggestions for selecting
QA tools.


  We decompose the de Rham Laplacian on Sasaki-Einstein manifolds as a sum over
mostly positive definite terms. An immediate consequence are lower bounds on
its spectrum. These bounds constitute a supergravity equivalent of the
unitarity bounds in dual superconformal field theories. The proof uses a
generalization of Kahler identities to the Sasaki-Einstein case.


  We demonstrate the use of a low power near-infrared laser illuminating the
front facet of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) as an optical actuator for the
coherent control of a mid-infrared frequency comb. We show that by appropriate
current control of the QCL comb and intensity modulation of the near-infrared
laser, a tight phase lock of a comb line to a distributed feedback laser is
possible with 2 MHz of locking bandwidth and 200 mrad of residual phase noise.
A characterization of the whole scheme is provided showing the limits of the
electrical actuation which we bypassed using the optical actuation. Both comb
degrees of freedom can be locked by performing electrical injection locking of
the repetition rate in parallel. However, we show that the QCL acts as a fast
near-infrared light detector such that injection locking can also be achieved
through modulation of the near-infrared light. These results on the coherent
control of a quantum cascade laser frequency comb are particularly interesting
for coherent averaging in dual-comb spectroscopy and for mid-infrared frequency
comb applications requiring high spectral purity.


  I have performed a search for young low-mass stars and brown dwarfs (BDs) in
2 regions encompassing a total area of 4 deg^2 in the Taurus star-forming
region, discovering 15 new members of Taurus. In addition, I present 7 new
members outside of these areas from the initial stage of a survey of all of
Taurus. These 22 objects exhibit spectral types of M4.5-M9.25 and masses of
0.3-0.015 M_sun according to the theoretical evolutionary models of Baraffe and
Chabrier, 7 of which are likely to be BDs. Emission in H(alpha), He I, Ca II,
[O I], and [S II] and excess emission in optical and near-IR bands among some
of these objects suggest the presence of accretion, outflows, and circumstellar
disks. The results from the 4 deg^2 survey have been combined with previous
studies of Taurus to arrive at an IMF for a total area of 12.4 deg^2. As in the
previous IMFs for Taurus, the updated IMF peaks at a higher mass (0.8 M_sun)
than the mass functions in IC 348 and Orion (0.1-0.2 M_sun). Meanwhile, the
deficit of BDs in Taurus appears to be less significant (x1.4-1.8) than found
in earlier studies (x2) because of a slightly higher BD fraction in the new IMF
for Taurus and a lower BD fraction in the new spectroscopic IMF for the
Trapezium from Slesnick and coworkers. The spatial distribution of the low-mass
stars and BDs discovered in the two new survey areas closely matches that of
the more massive members. Thus, on the degree size scales (~3 pc) probed to
date, there is no indication that BDs form through ejection.


  In this paper, we develop a large sieve type inequality for some special
characters whose moduli are squares of primes. Our result gives non-trivial
estimate in certain ranges.


  Single-mission altimetric water level observations of rivers are spatially
and temporally limited, and thus they are often unable to quantify the full
extent of extreme flood events. Moreover, only missions with a short-repeat
orbit, such as Envisat, Jason-2, or SARAL, could provide meaningful time series
of water level variations directly. However, long or non-repeat orbit missions
such as CryoSat-2 have a very dense spatial resolution under the trade-off of a
repeat time insufficient for time series extraction. Combining data from
multiple altimeter missions into a multi-mission product allows for increasing
the spatial and temporal resolution of the data. In this study, we combined
water level data from CryoSat-2 with various observations from other altimeter
missions in the Mekong River Basin between 2008 and 2016 into one multi-mission
water level time series using the approach of universal kriging. In contrast to
former multi-mission altimetry methods, this approach allows for the
incorporation of CryoSat-2 data as well as data from other long or non-repeat
orbit missions, such as Envisat-EM or SARAL-DP. Additionally, for the first
time, data from tributaries are incorporated. The multi-mission time series
including CryoSat-2 data adequately reflects the general inter-annual flood
behaviour and the extreme floodings in 2008 and 2011. It performs better than
single-mission time series or multi-mission time series based only on
short-repeat orbit data. The Probability of Detection of the floodings with the
multi-mission altimetry was around 80\% while Envisat and Jason-2
single-mission altimetry could only detect around 40% of the floodings
correctly. However, small flash floods still remain undetectable.


  The problem of handling adaptivity in data analysis, intentional or not,
permeates a variety of fields, including test-set overfitting in ML challenges
and the accumulation of invalid scientific discoveries. We propose a mechanism
for answering an arbitrarily long sequence of potentially adaptive statistical
queries, by charging a price for each query and using the proceeds to collect
additional samples. Crucially, we guarantee statistical validity without any
assumptions on how the queries are generated. We also ensure with high
probability that the cost for $M$ non-adaptive queries is $O(\log M)$, while
the cost to a potentially adaptive user who makes $M$ queries that do not
depend on any others is $O(\sqrt{M})$.


  In this paper we present a new method for dating the surface of the Moon,
obtained by modeling the incoming flux of impactors and converting it into a
size distribution of resulting craters. We compare the results from this model
with the standard chronology for the Moon showing their similarities and
discrepancies. In particular, we find indications of a non-constant impactor
flux in the last 500 Myr and also discuss the implications of our findings for
the Late Heavy Bombardment hypothesis. We also show the potential of our model
for accurate dating of other inner Solar System bodies, by applying it to
Mercury.


  The sums of three trigonometric series with logarithmic coefficients are
derived by extending an approach first utilized by Lerch. By applying
Frullani's theorem to two of these series, two non-trivial integrals involving
hyperbolic functions are evaluated in terms of the digamma function.


  Single Event Upsets (SEU) as well as permanent faults can significantly
affect the correct on-line operation of digital systems, such as memories and
microprocessors; a memory can be made resilient to permanent and transient
faults by using modular redundancy and coding. In this paper, different memory
systems are compared: these systems utilize simplex and duplex arrangements
with a combination of Reed Solomon coding and scrubbing. The memory systems and
their operations are analyzed by novel Markov chains to characterize
performance for dynamic reconfiguration as well as error detection and
correction under the occurrence of permanent and transient faults. For a
specific Reed Solomon code, the duplex arrangement allows to efficiently cope
with the occurrence of permanent faults, while the use of scrubbing allows to
cope with transient faults.


  We investigated the distinction between two kinds of "Complexity equals
Action"(CA) conjecture counting methods which are separately provided by Brown
$ et\, al. $ and Lehner $et\, al.$ separately. For the late-time CA complexity
growth rate, we show that the difference between two counting methods only
comes from the boundary term of the segments on the horizon. However, both
counting methods give the identical late-time result. Our proof is general,
independent of the underlying theories of higher curvature gravity as well as
the explicit stationary spacetime background. To be specific, we calculate the
late-time action growth rate in SAdS black hole for F(Ricci) gravity, and show
that these two methods actually give the same result. Moreover, by using the
Iyer-Wald formalism, we find that the full action rate within the WDW patch can
be expressed as some boundary integrations, and the final contribution only
comes from the boundary on singularity. Although the definitions of the mass of
black hole has been modified in F(Ricci) gravity, its late-time result has the
same form with that of SAdS black hole in Einstein gravity.


  For an almost radial and typical weight $v$, we characterize the continuity
and compactness of the weighted composition operator $u C_{\varphi}$ acting on
the weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions $H_{v}^{\infty}$ in terms of
the $n$th power of the symbol $\varphi$, where $u: \mathbb{D} \to \mathbb{C}$
is an analytic function and $\varphi: \mathbb{D} \to \mathbb{D}$ is analytic.
More precisely, we extend the results of Hyv\"arinen, Kemppainen, Lindstr\"om,
Rautio and Saukko relating to the continuity and essential norm calculus of the
operator $u C_{\varphi}$.


  In this note we show that the maximum number of vertices in any polyhedron
$P=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^d : Ax\leq b\}$ with $0,1$-constraint matrix $A$ and a
real vector $b$ is at most $d!$.


  The dynamics of an electronic Dirac wave packet evolving under the influence
of an ultra-intense laser pulse and an ensemble of highly charged ions is
investigated numerically. Special emphasis is placed on the evolution of
quantum signatures from single to multiple scattering events. We quantify the
occurrence of quantum relativistic interference fringes in various situations
and stress their significance in multiple-particle systems, even in the
relativistic range of laser-matter interaction.


  The robust spin and momentum valley locking of electrons in two-dimensional
semiconductors make the valley degree of freedom of great utility for
functional optoelectronic devices. Owing to the difference in optical selection
rules for the different valleys, these valley electrons can be addressed
optically. The electrons and excitons in these materials exhibit valley Hall
effect, where the carriers from specific valleys are directed to different
directions under electrical or thermal bias. Here we report the optical valley
Hall effect where the light emission from the valley polarized excitons in
monolayer WS2 propagates in different directions owing to the preferential
coupling of excitonic emission to the high momentum states of the hyperbolic
metamaterial. The experimentally observed effects are corroborated with
theoretical modeling of excitonic emission in the near field of hyperbolic
media. The demonstration of the optical valley Hall effect using a bulk
artificial photonic media without the need for nanostructuring opens the
possibility of realizing valley-based excitonic circuits operating at room
temperature.


  Recently, light has been shed on the trend of personalization, which comes
into play whenever different search results are being tailored for a group of
users who have issued the same search query. The unpalatable fact that myriads
of search results are being manipulated has perturbed a horde of people. With
regards to that, personalization can be instrumental in spurring the Filter
Bubble effects, which revolves around the inability of certain users to gain
access to the typified contents that are allegedly irrelevant per the search
engine's algorithm.
  In harmony with that, there is a wealth of research on this area. Each of
these has relied on using techniques revolving around creating Google accounts
that differ in one feature and issuing identical search queries from each
account. The search results are often compared to determine whether those
results are going to vary per account. Thereupon, we have conducted six
experiments that aim to closely inspect and spot the patterns of
personalization in search results. In a like manner, we are going to examine
how the search results are going to vary accordingly. In all of the tasks,
three different metrics are going to be measured, namely, the number of total
hits, the first hit, and the correlation between hits. Those experiments are
centered around fulfilling the following tasks. Firstly, setting up four VPNs
that are located at different geographic locations and comparing the search
results with those obtained in the UAE. Secondly, performing the search while
logging in and out of a Google account. Thirdly, searching while connecting to
different networks: home, phone, and university networks. Fourthly, using
different search engines to issue the search queries. Fifthly, using different
web browsers to carry out the search process. Finally, creating and training
six Google accounts.


  M. Field [5] refers to an unpublished work by J. Ize for a result that loss
of stability through an absolutely irreducible representation of a compact Lie
group leads to bifurcation of steady states. The main ingredient of the proof
is the hypotheses, that for an absolutely irreducible representation of a
compact Lie group there exists a closed subgroup whose fixed point space is odd
dimensional. Then, using Brouwer degree, one gets the result. We refer to the
hypotheses that for an absolutely irreducible representation of a compact Lie
group there exists at least one subgroup with an odd dimensional fixed point
space as the algebraic Ize conjecture (AIC). Lauterbach and Matthews [10] have
shown that the (AIC) is in general not true. In fact they have constructed
three infinite families of finite subgroups of SO{4} which act absolutely
irreducibly on $\R^4$ and for each of them any isotropy subgroup has an even
dimensional fixed point space. Moreover in [10] it is shown that in spite of
this failure of the (AIC) the original conjecture is true at least for groups
in two of these three families. In this paper we show a similar bifurcation
result for the third family defined in [10]. We go on and construct a family of
groups acting absolutely irreducibly on $\R^8$ which have only even dimensional
fixed point spaces. Then we discuss the steady state bifurcations in this case.
We end this paper with a discussion on how to extend the results in [10] to
larger sets of groups which act on $\R^{4}$.


  Large Language Models (LLMs), while powerful, are built and trained to
process a single text input. In common applications, multiple inputs can be
processed by concatenating them together into a single stream of text. However,
the LLM is unable to distinguish which sections of prompt belong to various
input sources. Indirect prompt injection attacks take advantage of this
vulnerability by embedding adversarial instructions into untrusted data being
processed alongside user commands. Often, the LLM will mistake the adversarial
instructions as user commands to be followed, creating a security vulnerability
in the larger system. We introduce spotlighting, a family of prompt engineering
techniques that can be used to improve LLMs' ability to distinguish among
multiple sources of input. The key insight is to utilize transformations of an
input to provide a reliable and continuous signal of its provenance. We
evaluate spotlighting as a defense against indirect prompt injection attacks,
and find that it is a robust defense that has minimal detrimental impact to
underlying NLP tasks. Using GPT-family models, we find that spotlighting
reduces the attack success rate from greater than {50}\% to below {2}\% in our
experiments with minimal impact on task efficacy.


  Radio galaxies with a projected linear size > 1 Mpc are classified as giant
radio sources. According to the current interpretation these are old sources
which have evolved in a low-density ambient medium. Since radiative losses are
negligible at low frequency, extending spectral ageing studies in this
frequency range will allow to determine the zero-age electron spectrum injected
and then to improve the estimate of the synchrotron age of the source. We
present Very Large Array images at 74 MHz and 327 MHz of two giant radio
sources: 3C35 and 3C223. We performed a spectral study using 74, 327, 608 and
1400 GHz images. The spectral shape is estimated in different positions along
the source. The radio spectrum follows a power-law in the hot-spots, while in
the inner region of the lobe the shape of the spectrum shows a curvature at
high frequencies. This steepening is in agreement with synchrotron aging of the
emitting relativistic electrons. In order to estimate the synchrotron age of
the sources, the spectra have been fitted with a synchrotron model of emission.
Using the models, we find that 3C35 is an old source of about 143 Myr, while
3C223 is a younger source of 72 Myr.


  Many important details of the mechanisms underlying the ejection of material
during a (classical) nova eruption are still not understood. Here we present
optical spectroscopy and narrow-band images of the nova V1425 Aql, 23 years
after the nova eruption. We find that the ejecta consist of two significantly
different components. The first resembles what is commonly seen in novae, that
is, a symmetric distribution centred on the position of the underlying
cataclysmic binary and presenting both allowed (hydrogen and helium) and
forbidden ([OIII] and [NII]) transitions. The second one, on the other hand,
consists of material travelling at an approximately three times higher velocity
that is not visible in the allowed transitions, presents a significantly
different [NII] - [OIII] ratio, and is located at approximately 2.3 arcsec to
the southwest of the position of the binary. Comparing the velocities and
spatial extensions of the two ejecta, we find that both originated in the same
nova eruption. We explore possible extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms for the
asymmetry of the high-velocity material in the form of asymmetrically
distributed interstellar material and magnetic accretion, respectively, but
find the available data to be inconclusive. From the expansion parallax, we
derive a distance for the nova of 3.3(3) kpc.


  Gravitational waves emitted by chirping supermassive black hole binaries
could in principle be used to obtain very accurate distance determinations.
Provided they have an electromagnetic counterpart from which the redshift can
be determined, these standard sirens could be used to build a high redshift
Hubble diagram. Errors in the distance measurements will most likely be
dominated by gravitational lensing. We show that the (de)magnification due to
inhomogeneous foreground matter will increase the scatter in the measured
distances by a factor ~10. We propose to use optical and IR data of the
foreground galaxies to minimize the degradation from weak lensing. We find that
the net effect of correcting the estimated distances for lensing is comparable
to increasing the sample size by a factor of three when using the data to
constrain cosmological parameters.


  Let $ M_b$ be the operator of pointwise multiplication by $b$, that is
$\operatorname M_b f=bf$. Set $[ A,B]={} AB- BA$. The Reisz potentials are the
operators $$
  R_\alpha f(x)=\int f(x-y)\frac{dy}{\abs y ^{\alpha}},\qquad 0<\alpha<1. $$
They map $L^p\mapsto L^q$, for $1-\alpha+\frac1q=\frac1p$, a fact we shall take
for granted in this paper. A Theorem of Chanillo \cite{MR84j:42027} states that
one has the equivalence $$ \norm [ M_b, R_\alpha].p\to q.\simeq \norm
b.\operatorname{BMO}. $$ with the later norm being that of the space of
functions of bounded mean oscillation. We discuss a new proof of this result in
a discrete setting, and extend part of the equivalence above to the higher
parameter setting.


  For a perfectoid ring $R$, we compute the full $\mathrm{RO}(\mathbb
T)$-graded ring $\mathrm{TF}_\bigstar(R;\mathbf Z_p)$. This extends and
simplifies work of Gerhardt and Angeltveit-Gerhardt. In even degrees, we find
an $\mathrm{RU}(\mathbb T)$-graded version of B\"okstedt periodicity, with some
additional classes in the case of perfect $\mathbf F_p$-algebras. In odd
degrees, we find extremely intricate and rather mysterious torsion. We also
discuss the $\mathrm{RO}(\mathbb T)$-graded homotopy Tambara functors
$\underline\pi_\bigstar\mathrm{THH}(R;\mathbf Z_p)$.


  In this paper non-transversal intersection of the free and fixed boundary is
shown to hold in any dimension for obstacle problems generated by fully
nonlinear uniformly elliptic operators. Moreover, $C^1$ regularity results of
the free boundary are obtained and a classification of blow-up solutions is
given.


  Pretraining general-purpose visual features has become a crucial part of
tackling many computer vision tasks. While one can learn such features on the
extensively-annotated ImageNet dataset, recent approaches have looked at ways
to allow for noisy, fewer, or even no annotations to perform such pretraining.
Starting from the observation that captioned images are easily crawlable, we
argue that this overlooked source of information can be exploited to supervise
the training of visual representations. To do so, motivated by the recent
progresses in language models, we introduce {\em image-conditioned masked
language modeling} (ICMLM) -- a proxy task to learn visual representations over
image-caption pairs. ICMLM consists in predicting masked words in captions by
relying on visual cues. To tackle this task, we propose hybrid models, with
dedicated visual and textual encoders, and we show that the visual
representations learned as a by-product of solving this task transfer well to a
variety of target tasks. Our experiments confirm that image captions can be
leveraged to inject global and localized semantic information into visual
representations. Project website: https://europe.naverlabs.com/icmlm.


  The DAMA/NaI Collaboration has observed a 4-sigma C.L. model independent
effect investigating the annual modulation signature in the counting rate of an
NaI(Tl) set-up (total exposure of 57986 kg day) and the implications of this
effect have been studied under different model-dependent assumptions. In this
paper we extend one of the previous analyses, the case of a WIMP with a purely
spin-independent coupling, by discussing in detail the implications on the
results of the uncertainties on the dark matter galactic velocity distribution.
We study in a systematic way possible departures from the isothermal sphere
model, which is the parameterization usually adopted to describe the halo. We
specifically consider modifications arising from various matter density
profiles, effects due to anisotropies of the velocity dispersion tensor and
rotation of the galactic halo. The hypothesis of WIMP annual modulation,
already favoured in the previous analysis using an isothermal sphere, is
confirmed in all the investigated scenarios, and the effects of the different
halo models on the determination of the allowed maximum-likelihood region in
the WIMP mass and WIMP-nucleon cross-section are derived and discussed.


  Precision spectroscopy of hyperfine splitting (HFS) is a crucial tool for
investigating the structure of nuclei and testing quantum electrodynamics
(QED). However, accurate theoretical predictions are hindered by two-photon
exchange (TPE) effects. We propose a novel formalism that accounts for nuclear
excitations and recoil in TPE, providing a model-independent description of TPE
effects on HFS in light ordinary and muonic atoms. Combining our formalism with
pionless effective field theory at next-to-next-to-leading order, the predicted
TPE effects on HFS are 41.2(2.6) kHz and 0.116(9) meV for the 1S state in
deuterium and the 2S state in muonic deuterium. These results are within
1.4-1.7 standard deviation from recent measurements and highlight the
importance of nuclear structure effects on HFS and indicate the value of more
precise measurements in future experiments.


  As the pre-trained language models (PLMs) continue to grow, so do the
hardware and data requirements for fine-tuning PLMs. Therefore, the researchers
have come up with a lighter method called \textit{Prompt Learning}. However,
during the investigations, we observe that the prompt learning methods are
vulnerable and can easily be attacked by some illegally constructed prompts,
resulting in classification errors, and serious security problems for PLMs.
Most of the current research ignores the security issue of prompt-based
methods. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a malicious prompt template
construction method (\textbf{PromptAttack}) to probe the security performance
of PLMs. Several unfriendly template construction approaches are investigated
to guide the model to misclassify the task. Extensive experiments on three
datasets and three PLMs prove the effectiveness of our proposed approach
PromptAttack. We also conduct experiments to verify that our method is
applicable in few-shot scenarios.


  Diamond's nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is an optically active defect with
long spin coherence times, showing great potential for both efficient nanoscale
magnetometry and quantum information processing schemes. Recently, both the
formation of buried 3D optical waveguides and high quality single NVs in
diamond were demonstrated using the versatile femtosecond laser-writing
technique. However, until now, combining these technologies has been an
outstanding challenge. In this work, we fabricate laser written photonic
waveguides in quantum grade diamond which are aligned to within micron
resolution to single laser-written NVs, enabling an integrated platform
providing deterministically positioned waveguide-coupled NVs. This fabrication
technology opens the way towards on-chip optical routing of single photons
between NVs and optically integrated spin-based sensing.


  We determine birational superrigidity for a quasi-smooth prime Fano 3-fold of
codimension 4 with no projection centers. In particular we prove birational
superrigidity for Fano 3-folds of codimension 4 with no projection centers
which are recently constructed by Coughlan and Ducat. We also pose some
questions and a conjecture regarding the classification of birationally
superrigid Fano 3-folds.


  Object locating in virtual reality (VR) has been widely used in many VR
applications, such as virtual assembly, virtual repair, virtual remote
coaching. However, when there are a large number of objects in the virtual
environment(VE), the user cannot locate the target object efficiently and
comfortably. In this paper, we propose a label guidance based object locating
method for locating the target object efficiently in VR. Firstly, we introduce
the label guidance based object locating pipeline to improve the efficiency of
the object locating. It arranges the labels of all objects on the same screen,
lets the user select the target labels first, and then uses the flying labels
to guide the user to the target object. Then we summarize five principles for
constructing the label layout for object locating and propose a two-level
hierarchical sorted and orientated label layout based on the five principles
for the user to select the candidate labels efficiently and comfortably. After
that, we propose the view and gaze based label guidance method for guiding the
user to locate the target object based on the selected candidate labels.It
generates specific flying trajectories for candidate labels, updates the flying
speed of candidate labels, keeps valid candidate labels , and removes the
invalid candidate labels in real time during object locating with the guidance
of the candidate labels. Compared with the traditional method, the user study
results show that our method significantly improves efficiency and reduces task
load for object locating.


  Out of nearly 70,000 bills introduced in the U.S. Congress from 2001 to 2015,
only 2,513 were enacted. We developed a machine learning approach to
forecasting the probability that any bill will become law. Starting in 2001
with the 107th Congress, we trained models on data from previous Congresses,
predicted all bills in the current Congress, and repeated until the 113th
Congress served as the test. For prediction we scored each sentence of a bill
with a language model that embeds legislative vocabulary into a
high-dimensional, semantic-laden vector space. This language representation
enables our investigation into which words increase the probability of
enactment for any topic. To test the relative importance of text and context,
we compared the text model to a context-only model that uses variables such as
whether the bill's sponsor is in the majority party. To test the effect of
changes to bills after their introduction on our ability to predict their final
outcome, we compared using the bill text and meta-data available at the time of
introduction with using the most recent data. At the time of introduction
context-only predictions outperform text-only, and with the newest data
text-only outperforms context-only. Combining text and context always performs
best. We conducted a global sensitivity analysis on the combined model to
determine important variables predicting enactment.


  In the preceding paper, we formulated a conjecture on the relations between
certain classes of irreducible representations of affine Hecke algebras of type
B and symmetric crystals for $\gl_\infty$. In the present paper, we prove the
existence of the symmetric crystal and the global basis for $\gl_\infty$.


  The visual appearance of a webpage carries valuable information about its
quality and can be used to improve the performance of learning to rank (LTR).
We introduce the Visual learning TO Rank (ViTOR) model that integrates
state-of-the-art visual features extraction methods by (i) transfer learning
from a pre-trained image classification model, and (ii) synthetic saliency heat
maps generated from webpage snapshots. Since there is currently no public
dataset for the task of LTR with visual features, we also introduce and release
the ViTOR dataset, containing visually rich and diverse webpages. The ViTOR
dataset consists of visual snapshots, non-visual features and relevance
judgments for ClueWeb12 webpages and TREC Web Track queries. We experiment with
the proposed ViTOR model on the ViTOR dataset and show that it significantly
improves the performance of LTR with visual features


  We theoretically demonstrate dc and ac electric voltage generation due to
spinmotive forces originating from domain wall motion and magnetic resonance,
respectively, in two-sublattice antiferromagnets. Our theory accounts for the
canting between the sublattice magnetizations, the nonadiabatic electron spin
dynamics, and the Rashba spin-orbit coupling, with the inter-sublattice
electron dynamics treated as a perturbation. This work suggests a new way to
observe and explore the dynamics of antiferromagnetic textures by electrical
means, an important aspect in the emerging field of antiferromagnetic
spintronics, where both manipulation and detection of antiferromagnets are
needed.


  A simple convex lattice polytope $\Box$ defines a torus-equivariant line
bundle $\LB$ over a toric variety $\XB.$ Atiyah and Bott's Lefschetz
fixed-point theorem is applied to the torus action on the $d''$-complex of
$\LB$ and information is obtained about the lattice points of $\Box$. In
particular an explicit formula is derived, computing the number of lattice
points and the volume of $\Box$ in terms of geometric data at its extreme
points. We show this to be equivalent the results of Brion \cite{brion} and
give an elementary convex geometric interpretation by performing Laurent
expansions similar to those of Ishida \cite{ishida}.


  As increasingly popular metrics of worker and institutional quality,
estimated value-added (VA) measures are now widely used as dependent or
explanatory variables in regressions. For example, VA is used as an explanatory
variable when examining the relationship between teacher VA and students'
long-run outcomes. Due to the multi-step nature of VA estimation, the standard
errors (SEs) researchers routinely use when including VA measures in OLS
regressions are incorrect. In this paper, I show that the assumptions
underpinning VA models naturally lead to a generalized method of moments (GMM)
framework. Using this insight, I construct correct SEs' for regressions that
use VA as an explanatory variable and for regressions where VA is the outcome.
In addition, I identify the causes of incorrect SEs when using OLS, discuss the
need to adjust SEs under different sets of assumptions, and propose a more
efficient estimator for using VA as an explanatory variable. Finally, I
illustrate my results using data from North Carolina, and show that correcting
SEs results in an increase that is larger than the impact of clustering SEs.


  We consider the statistical seriation problem, where the statistician seeks
to recover a hidden ordering from a noisy observation of a permuted Robinson
matrix. In this paper, we tightly characterize the minimax rate for this
problem of matrix reordering when the Robinson matrix is bi-Lipschitz, and we
also provide a polynomial time algorithm achieving this rate; thereby answering
two open questions of [Giraud et al., 2021]. Our analysis further extends to
broader classes of similarity matrices.


  We present experimental studies of the current pumped through a dynamic
quantum dot over a wide range of magnetic fields. At low fields we observe
repeatable structure indicating increased confinement of the electrons in the
dynamic dot. At higher fields (B>3T), we observe structure which changes
markedly from device to device suggesting that in this regime the transport is
sensitive to local disorder. The results are significant for the development of
dynamic quantum dot pumps as quantum standards of electrical current.


  Utilizing the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) Second Incremental Data
Release Catalog, we have retrieved near-IR magnitudes for several hundred hot
subdwarfs (sdO and sdB stars) drawn from the "Catalogue of Spectroscopically
Identified Hot Subdwarfs" (Kilkenny, Heber, & Drilling 1988, 1992). This sample
size greatly exceeds that of previous studies of hot subdwarfs. Examining 2MASS
photometry alone or in combination with visual photometry (Johnson BV or
Stromgren uvby) available in the literature, we show that it is possible to
identify hot subdwarf stars that exhibit atypically red IR colors that can be
attributed to the presence of an unresolved late type companion. Utilizing this
large sample, we attempt for the first time to define an approximately volume
limited sample of hot subdwarfs. We discuss the considerations, biases, and
difficulties in defining such a sample.
  We find that, of the hot subdwarfs in Kilkenny et al., about 40% in a
magnitude limited sample have colors that are consistent with the presence of
an unresolved late type companion. Binary stars are over-represented in a
magnitude limited sample. In an approximately volume limited sample the
fraction of composite-color binaries is about 30%.


  We generalize our methodology for computing with Zariski dense subgroups of
$\mathrm{SL}(n, \mathbb{Z})$ and $\mathrm{Sp}(n, \mathbb{Z})$, to accommodate
input dense subgroups $H$ of $\mathrm{SL}(n, \mathbb{Q})$ and $\mathrm{Sp}(n,
\mathbb{Q})$. A key task, backgrounded by the Strong Approximation theorem, is
computing a minimal congruence overgroup of $H$. Once we have this overgroup,
we may describe all congruence quotients of $H$. The case $n=2$ receives
particular attention.