  The HiRes and AGASA Collaborations have published contradictory energy
spectra for energies above the GZK cut-off. In this article, we investigate the
acceptance of fluorescence telescopes to different primary particles at the
highest energies. Using CORSIKA shower simulations without and with the new
pre-showering scheme, which allows photons to interact in the Earth magnetic
field, we estimate the aperture of the HiRes I telescope for gammas and protons
primaries. We calculate the dependence of the telescope sensitivity to primary
particle identity. We also investigate the possibility that systematic
differences in shower development for hadrons and gammas could mask or distort
vital features of the cosmic ray energy spectrum at energies above the
photo-pion production threshold. The impact of these effects on the true
acceptance of a fluorescence detector is analyzed in the context of top-down
production models.


  Bernstein fits implemented into R allow another route for Kruskal-Wallis
power-study tool development. Monte-Carlo Kruskal-Wallis power studies were
compared with measured power, with Monte-Carlo ANOVA equivalent and with an
analytical method, with or without normalization, using four simulated runs
each with 60-100 populations (each population with N=30000 from a set of
Pearson-type ranges): random selection gave 6300 samples analysed for
predictive power. Three medical-study datasets (Dialysis/systolic blood
pressure; Diabetes/sleep-hours; Marital-status/high-density-lipoprotein
cholesterol) were also analysed. In three from four simulated runs (run_one,
run_one_relaxed, and run_three) with Pearson types pooled, Monte-Carlo
Kruskal-Wallis gave predicted sample sizes significantly slightly lower than
measured but more accurate than with ANOVA methods; the latter gave high
sample-size predictions. Populations (run_one_relaxed) with ANOVA assumptions
invalid gave Kruskal-Wallis predictions similar to those measured. In two from
three medical studies, Kruskal-Wallis predictions (Dialysis: similar
predictions; Marital: higher than measured) were more accurate than ANOVA (both
higher than measured) but in one (Diabetes) the reverse was found
(Kruskal-Wallis: lower; Monte-Carlo ANOVA: similar to measured). These
preliminary studies appear to show that Monte-Carlo Kruskal-Wallis power
studies based on Bernstein fits might perform better than ANOVA equivalents in
many settings (and provide reasonable results when ANOVA cannot be used); and
both Monte-Carlo methods appeared considerably more accurate than the analysed
analytical version.


  We present a class of interacting nonlocal quantum field theories, in which
the CPT invariance is violated while the Lorentz invariance is present. This
result rules out a previous claim in the literature that the CPT violation
implies the violation of Lorentz invariance. Furthermore, there exists the
reciprocal of this theorem, namely that the violation of Lorentz invariance
does not lead to the CPT violation, provided that the residual symmetry of
Lorentz invariance admits the proper representation theory for the particles.
The latter occurs in the case of quantum field theories on a noncommutative
space-time, which in place of the broken Lorentz symmetry possesses the twisted
Poincar\'e invariance. With such a CPT-violating interaction and the addition
of a C-violating (e.g., electroweak) interaction, the quantum corrections due
to the combined interactions could lead to different properties for the
particle and antiparticle, including their masses.


  Here we use time-resolved and steady-state optical spectroscopy on
state-of-the-art low- and high-bandgap perovskite films for tandems to quantify
intrinsic recombination rates and absorption coefficients. We apply these data
to calculate the limiting efficiency of perovskite-silicon and all-perovskite
two-terminal tandems employing currently available bandgap materials as 42.0 %
and 40.8 % respectively. By including luminescence coupling between sub-cells,
i.e. the re-emission of photons from the high-bandgap sub-cell and their
absorption in the low-bandgap sub-cell, we reveal the stringent need for
current matching is relaxed when the high-bandgap sub-cell is a luminescent
perovskite compared to calculations that do not consider luminescence coupling.
We show luminescence coupling becomes important in all-perovskite tandems when
charge carrier trapping rates are < 10$^{6}$ s$^{-1}$ (corresponding to carrier
lifetimes longer than 1 ${\mu}$s at low excitation densities) in the
high-bandgap sub-cell, which is lowered to 10$^{5}$ s$^{-1}$ in the
better-bandgap-matched perovskite-silicon cells. We demonstrate luminescence
coupling endows greater flexibility in both sub-cell thicknesses, increased
tolerance to different spectral conditions and a reduction in the total
thickness of light absorbing layers. To maximally exploit luminescence coupling
we reveal a key design rule for luminescent perovskite-based tandems: the
high-bandgap sub-cell should always have the higher short-circuit current.
Importantly, this can be achieved by reducing the bandgap or increasing the
thickness in the high-bandgap sub-cell with minimal reduction in efficiency,
thus allowing for wider, unstable bandgap compositions (>1.7 eV) to be avoided.
Finally, we experimentally visualise luminescence coupling in an all-perovskite
tandem device stack through cross-section luminescence images.


  This paper is concerned with the linear quadratic optimal control problem for
networked system simultaneously with input delay and Markovian dropout.
Different from the results in the literature, we consider the hold-input
strategy, which is much more computationally complicated than zero-input
strategy, but much better in most cases especially in the transition phase.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of optimal control
problem over a finite horizon are given by the coupled difference Riccati-type
equations. Moreover, the networked control system is mean-square stability if
and only if the coupled algebraic Riccati-type equations have a particular
solution. The key technique in this paper is to tackle the forward and backward
difference equations, which are more difficult to be dealt with, due to the
adaptability of controller and the temporal correlation caused by simultaneous
input delay and Markovian jump.


  An essential component in modern solvers for mixed-integer (linear) programs
(MIPs) is the separation of additional inequalities (cutting planes) to tighten
the linear programming relaxation. Various algorithmic decisions are necessary
when integrating cutting plane methods into a branch-and-bound (B&B) solver as
there is always the trade-off between the efficiency of the cuts and their
costs, given that they tend to slow down the solution time of the relaxation.
One of the most crucial questions is: Should cuts only be generated globally at
the root or also locally at nodes of the tree? We address this question by a
machine learning approach for which we train a regression forest to predict the
speed-up (or slow-down) provided by using local cuts. We demonstrate with an
open implementation that this helps to improve the performance of the FICO
Xpress MIP solver on a public test set of general MIP instances. We further
report on the impact of a practical implementation inside Xpress on a large,
diverse set of real-world industry MIPs.


  We extend the quantum Hall matrix model to include couplings to external
electric and magnetic fields. The associated current suffers from matrix
ordering ambiguities even at the classical level. We calculate the linear
response at low momenta -- this is unambigously defined. In particular, we
obtain the correct fractional quantum Hall conductivity, and the expected
density modulations in response to a weak and slowly varying magnetic field.
These results show that the classical quantum Hall matrix models describe
important aspects of the dynamics of electrons in the lowest Landau level. In
the quantum theory the ordering ambiguities are more severe; we discuss
possible strategies, but we have not been able to construct a good density
operator, satisfying the pertinent lowest Landau level commutator algebra.


  The antiferromagnetic order and structural distortion in the LaFe(As1-xSbx)O
system have been investigated by powder neutron diffraction and physical
properties measurements. Polycrystalline samples of LaFe(As1-xSbx)O (x<0.5)
were prepared using solid state synthesis at ambient and high pressure. We find
that the isoelectronic substitution of Sb for As decreases the structural and
magnetic transition temperatures but, contrary to the effects of phosphorus
substitution, superconductivity is not induced. Instead a slight increase in
the Fe magnetic moment is observed.


  In this note we introduce a method to calculate the finite volume corrections
to the mean field results for the free energy when replica symmetry is broken
at one-step. We find that the naive results are modified by the presence of
additional corrections: these corrections can be interpreted as arising from
fluctuations in the size of the blocks in the replica approach. The computation
suggests a new approach for deriving the replica broken results in a rigorous
way.


  We present results of numerical simulations of sequences of binary-single
scattering events of black holes in dense stellar environments. The simulations
cover a wide range of mass ratios from equal mass objects to 1000:10:10 solar
masses and compare purely Newtonian simulations to simulations in which
Newtonian encounters are interspersed with gravitational wave emission from the
binary. In both cases, the sequence is terminated when the binary's merger time
due to gravitational radiation is less than the arrival time of the next
interloper. We find that black hole binaries typically merge with a very high
eccentricity (0.93 < e < 0.95 pure Newtonian; 0.85 < e < 0.90 with
gravitational wave emission) and that adding gravitational wave emission
decreases the time to harden a binary until merger by ~ 30% to 40%. We discuss
the implications of this work for the formation of intermediate-mass black
holes and gravitational wave detection.


  Human beings process stereoscopic correspondence across multiple scales.
However, this bio-inspiration is ignored by state-of-the-art cost aggregation
methods for dense stereo correspondence. In this paper, a generic cross-scale
cost aggregation framework is proposed to allow multi-scale interaction in cost
aggregation. We firstly reformulate cost aggregation from a unified
optimization perspective and show that different cost aggregation methods
essentially differ in the choices of similarity kernels. Then, an inter-scale
regularizer is introduced into optimization and solving this new optimization
problem leads to the proposed framework. Since the regularization term is
independent of the similarity kernel, various cost aggregation methods can be
integrated into the proposed general framework. We show that the cross-scale
framework is important as it effectively and efficiently expands
state-of-the-art cost aggregation methods and leads to significant
improvements, when evaluated on Middlebury, KITTI and New Tsukuba datasets.


  An Intelligent Personal Agent (IPA) is an agent that has the purpose of
helping the user to gain information through reliable resources with the help
of knowledge navigation techniques and saving time to search the best content.
The agent is also responsible for responding to the chat-based queries with the
help of Conversation Corpus. We will be testing different methods for optimal
query generation. To felicitate the ease of usage of the application, the agent
will be able to accept the input through Text (Keyboard), Voice (Speech
Recognition) and Server (Facebook) and output responses using the same method.
Existing chat bots reply by making changes in the input, but we will give
responses based on multiple SRT files. The model will learn using the human
dialogs dataset and will be able respond human-like. Responses to queries about
famous things (places, people, and words) can be provided using web scraping
which will enable the bot to have knowledge navigation features. The agent will
even learn from its past experiences supporting semi-supervised learning.


  I study a model which describes the birth of the universe using a global
topological phase transition with a complex manifold where the time, $\tau$, is
considered as a complex variable. Before the big bang $\tau$ is a purely
imaginary variable so that the space can be considered as Euclidean. The phase
transition from a pre-inflation to inflation is examined by studying the
dynamical rotation of the time on the complex plane. Back-reaction effects are
exactly calculated using Relativistic Quantum Geometry.


  We analyze a sample of 25 [Ne V] $\lambda$3426 emission-line galaxies at
$1.4<z<2.3$ using Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 G102 and G141
grism observations from the CANDELS Lyman-$\alpha$ Emission at Reionization
(CLEAR) survey. [Ne V] emission probes extremely energetic photoionization
(97.11-126.21 eV), and is often attributed to energetic radiation from active
galactic nuclei (AGN), shocks from supernova, or an otherwise very hard
ionizing spectrum from the stellar continuum. In this work, we use [Ne V] in
conjunction with other rest-frame UV/optical emission lines ([O II]
$\lambda\lambda$3726,3729, [Ne III] $\lambda$3869, H$\beta$, [O III]
$\lambda\lambda$4959,5007, H$\alpha$+[N II] $\lambda\lambda$6548,6583, [S II]
$\lambda\lambda$6716,6731), deep (2--7 Ms) X-ray observations (from Chandra),
and mid-infrared imaging (from Spitzer) to study the origin of this emission
and to place constraints on the nature of the ionizing engine. The majority of
the [Ne V]-detected galaxies have properties consistent with ionization from
AGN. However, for our [Ne V]-selected sample, the X-ray luminosities are
consistent with local ($z\lesssim 0.1$) X-ray-selected Seyferts, but the [Ne V]
luminosities are more consistent with those from $z\sim 1$ X-ray-selected QSOs.
The excess [Ne V] emission requires either reduced hard X-rays, or a $\sim$0.1
keV excess. We discuss possible origins of the apparent [Ne V] excess, which
could be related to the ``soft (X-ray) excess'' observed in some QSOs and
Seyferts, and/or be a consequence of a complex/anisotropic geometry for the
narrow line region, combined with absorption from a warm, relativistic wind
ejected from the accretion disk. We also consider implications for future
studies of extreme high-ionization systems in the epoch of reionization ($z
\gtrsim 6$) with JWST.


  In recent work [PRE 100, 022121 (2019)] evidence was found that the surface
adsorption transition of interacting self-avoiding trails (ISATs) placed on the
square lattice displays a non-universal behavior at the special adsorption
point (SAP) where the collapsing polymers adsorb. In fact, different surface
exponents $\phi^{(s)}$ and $1/\delta^{(s)}$ were found at the SAP depending on
whether the surface orientation is horizontal (HS) or diagonal (DS). Here, we
revisit these systems and study other ones, through extensive Monte Carlo
simulations, considering much longer trails than previous works. Importantly,
we demonstrate that the different exponents observed in the reference above are
due to the presence of a previously unseen surface-attached-globule (SAG) phase
in the DS system, which changes the multicritical nature of the SAP and is
absent in the HS case. By considering a modified horizontal surface (mHS) where
the trails are forbidden of having two consecutive steps along it, resembling
the DS situation, a stable SAG phase is found in the phase diagram, and both DS
and mHS systems present similar $1/\delta^{(s)}$ exponents at the SAP, being
$1/\delta^{(s)} \approx 0.44$, whilst $1/\delta^{(s)} \approx 0.34$ in the HS
case. Intriguingly, while $\phi^{(s)} \approx 1/\delta^{(s)}$ is found for the
DS and HS scenarios, as expected, in the mHS case $\phi^{(s)}$ is about $10$\%
smaller than $1/\delta^{(s)}$. These results strongly indicate that at least
two universality classes exist for the SAPs of adsorbing ISATs on the square
lattice.


  We prove that generic elements of braid groups are pseudo-Anosov, in the
following sense: in the Cayley graph of the braid group with n $\ge$ 3 strands,
with respect to Garside's generating set, we prove that the proportion of
pseudo-Anosov braids in the ball of radius l tends to 1 exponentially quickly
as l tends to infinity. Moreover, with a similar notion of genericity, we prove
that for generic pairs of elements of the braid group, the conjugacy search
problem can be solved in quadratic time. The idea behind both results is that
generic braids can be conjugated "easily" into a rigid braid.


  Using the latest PandaX limits on light dark matter (DM) with light mediator,
we check the implication on the parameter space of the general singlet
extension of MSSM (without $Z_3$ symmetry), which can have a sizable DM
self-interaction to solve the small-scale structure problem. We find that the
PandaX limits can stringently constrain such a paramter space, depending on the
coupling $\lambda$ between the singlet and doublet Higgs fields. For the
singlet extension of MSSM with $Z_3$ symmetry, the so-called NMSSM, we also
demonstrate the PandaX constraints on its parameter space which gives a light
DM with correct relic density but without sufficient self-interaction to solve
the small-scale structure problem. We find that in this NMSSM the GeV dark
matter with a sub-GeV mediator has been stringently constrained.


  We show that locally solvable subgroups of PLo(I) are countable. Then for
each countable ordered set, we construct a locally solvable subgroup of
Thompson's Group F. We develop machinery for understanding embeddings from
solvable subgroups into solvable subgroups. Finally, we apply this machinery to
show the ordered sets used in our construction are invariant under isomorphisms
between the groups constructed. Therefore, we effectively distinguish the
groups and provide uncountably many non-isomorphic locally solvable, hence
elementary amenable, subgroups of Thompson's Group F.


  In this work, we study the lepton number violating Bc meson decays via one
intermediate on-shell heavy neutrino. The specific studied process is
$B_{c}^{+} \to \mu^{+} \ N \to \mu^{+} \mu^{+} \tau^{-} \nu$ which could allow
distinguishing the nature of the heavy neutrino nature (Dirac or Majorana) by
studying the tau lepton energy spectrum in the LHCb experiment. The result
suggests that this signature could be observed in the collected data during the
HL-LHCb lifetime.


  Acceleration and transport of high-energy particles and fluid dynamics of
atmospheric plasma are interrelated aspects of solar flares. We present here
self-consistently combined Fokker-Planck modeling of particles and hydrodynamic
simulation of flare plasma. Energetic electrons are modeled with the Stanford
unified code of acceleration, transport, and radiation, while plasma is modeled
with the NRL flux tube code. We calculated the collisional heating rate from
the particle transport code, which is more accurate than those based on
approximate analytical solutions. We used a realistic spectrum of injected
electrons provided by the stochastic acceleration model, which has a smooth
transition from a quasi-thermal background at low energies to a nonthermal tail
at high energies. The inclusion of low-energy electrons results in relatively
more heating in the corona (vs. chromosphere), a larger downward conductive
flux, and thus a stronger chromospheric evaporation than obtained in previous
studies, which had a deficit in low-energy electrons due to an arbitrarily
assumed low-energy cutoff. The energy and spatial distributions of energetic
electrons and bremsstrahlung photons bear signatures of the changing density
distribution caused by chromospheric evaporation. In particular, the density
jump at the evaporation front gives rise to enhanced X-ray emission.


  Existing stellar X-ray surveys suggest major problems in our understanding of
the evolution of stellar magnetic activity in solar and late-type stars,
reaching conflicting conclusions over the rate of decay of X-ray activity and
the spectral types responsible. We are confronting these discrepancies with a
new model of the expected stellar X-ray luminosity distribution, combining a
Galactic population synthesis model with current theories for rotational spin-
down and the rotation - activity relation for the stellar magnetic dynamo. Here
we test our model using new observations of the stellar content of the Chandra
COSMOS survey, for which 60 new stellar X-ray sources are identified from the
thin disk and Galactic halo populations. Our model is in approximate agreement
with the observed X-ray luminosity distribution and the distribution of
spectral types responsible. However, slight differences in the form of the
X-ray luminosity distribution exist that may hint at problems in our
understanding of stellar X-ray emission.


  It is shown that all string fields except dilaton are non-propagating in the
(2+1)-dimensional black string. One finds that the perturbation around the
black string reveals a mixing between the dilaton and other fields. Under the
new gauge(dilaton gauge), we disentangle this mixing and obtain one decoupled
dilaton equation. It turns out that this black string is stable. From the
scattering of dilaton off the neutral black string(N=0), we find the absorption
cross-section. Further the absorption cross-section for minimally coupled
scalar is obtained and we compared it with that of dilaton.


  Generally, the topological corner state in two-dimensional second-order
topological insulator (2D SOTI) is equivalent to the well-known domain wall
state, originated from the mass-inversion between two adjacent edges with phase
shift of pi. In this work, go beyond this conventional physical picture, we
report a fractional mass-kink induced 2D SOTI in monolayer FeSe with canted
checkerboard antiferromagnetic (AFM) order by analytic model and
first-principles calculations. The canted spin associated in-plane Zeeman field
can gap out the quantum spin Hall edge state of FeSe, forming a fractional
mass-kink with phase shift of pi/2 at the rectangular corner, and generating an
in-gap topological corner state with fractional charge of e/4. Moreover, the
topological corner state is robust to local perturbation, existing in both
naturally and non-naturally cleaved corners, regardless of the edge
orientation. Our results not only demonstrate a material system to realize the
unique 2D AFM SOTI, but also pave a new way to design the higher-order
topological states from fractional mass-kink with arbitrary phase shift, which
are expected to draw immediate experimental attention.


  Let $p$ and $q$ be distinct primes, and let $X_{p,q}$ be the $(q+1)$-regular
graph whose nodes are supersingular elliptic curves over
$\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p$ and whose edges are $q$-isogenies. For fixed $p$, we
compute the distribution of the $\ell$-Sylow subgroup of the sandpile group
(i.e.\ Jacobian) of $X_{p,q}$ as $q \to \infty$. We find that the distribution
disagrees with the Cohen-Lenstra heuristic in this context. Our proof is via
Galois representations attached to modular curves. As a corollary of our
result, we give an upper bound on the probability that the Jacobian is cyclic,
which we conjecture to be sharp.


  The article describes the application of the Hough transform to a honeycomb
block image. The problem of cutting a mold from a honeycomb block is described.
A number of image transformations are considered to increase the efficiency of
the Hough algorithm. A method for obtaining a binary image using a simple
threshold, a method for obtaining a binary image using Otsu binarization, and
the Canny Edge Detection algorithm are considered. The method of binary
skeleton (skeletonization) is considered, in which the skeleton is obtained
using 2 main morphological operations: Dilation and Erosion. As a result of a
number of experiments, the optimal sequence of processing the original image
was revealed, which allows obtaining the coordinates of the maximum number of
faces. This result allows one to choose the optimal places for cutting a
honeycomb block, which will improve the quality of the resulting shapes.


  This paper introduces Bayesian uncertainty modeling using Stochastic Weight
Averaging-Gaussian (SWAG) in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. We
apply the approach to standard tasks in natural language inference (NLI) and
demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in terms of prediction accuracy and
correlation with human annotation disagreements. We argue that the uncertainty
representations in SWAG better reflect subjective interpretation and the
natural variation that is also present in human language understanding. The
results reveal the importance of uncertainty modeling, an often neglected
aspect of neural language modeling, in NLU tasks.


  Previous STIS long-slit observations of Eta Carinae identified numerous
absorption features in both the stellar spectrum, and in the adjacent nebular
spectra, along our line-of-sight. The absorption features became temporarily
stronger when the ionizing FUV radiation field was reduced by the periastron
passage of the secondary star. Subsequently, dissipation of a dusty structure
in our LOS has led to a long-term increase in the apparent magnitude of \ec, an
increase in the ionizing UV radiation, and the disappearance of absorptions
from multiple velocity-separated shells extending across the foreground
Homunculus lobe. We use HST/STIS spectro-images, coupled with published
infrared and radio observations, to locate this intervening dusty structure.
Velocity and spatial information indicate the occulter is ~1000 au in front of
Eta Carinae. The Homunculus is a transient structure composed of dusty,
partially-ionized ejecta that eventually will disappear due to the relentless
rain of ionizing radiation and wind from the current binary system along with
dissipation and mixing with the ISM. This evolving complex continues to provide
an astrophysical laboratory that changes on human timescales.


  The evolution of a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) depends on properties of the
progenitor star, supernova, and surrounding environment. As some of these
quantities are difficult to measure, reproducing the observed dynamical
properties and spectral energy distribution (SED) with an evolutionary model is
often the best approach in estimating their values. G21.5-0.9, powered by the
pulsar J1833-1034, is a well observed PWN for which previous modeling efforts
have struggled to reproduce the observed SED. In this study, we reanalyze
archival infrared (IR; Herschel, Spitzer) and X-ray (Chandra, NuSTAR, Hitomi)
observations. The similar morphology observed between IR line and continuum
images of this source indicates that a significant portion of this emission is
generated by surrounding dust and gas, and not synchrotron radiation from the
PWN. Furthermore, we find the broadband X-ray spectrum of this source is best
described by a series of power laws fit over distinct energy bands. For all
X-ray detectors, we find significant softening and decreasing unabsorbed flux
at higher energy bands. Our model for the evolution of a PWN is able to
reproduce the properties of this source when the supernova ejecta has a low
initial kinetic energy $E_{\mathrm{sn}} \approx 1.2 \times
10^{50}\,\mathrm{ergs}$ and the spectrum of particles injected into the PWN at
the termination shock is softer at low energies. Lastly, our hydrodynamical
modeling of the SNR can reproduce its morphology if there is a significant
density increase of the ambient medium ${\sim} 1.8$ pc north of the explosion
center.


  As experimental searches for WIMP dark matter continue to yield null results,
models beyond the WIMP paradigm have proliferated in order to elude ever
improving observational constraints, among them that of sub-GeV dark matter
mediated by a massive vector portal (a dark photon) associated with a new dark
$U(1)$ gauge symmetry. It has been previously noted that for a significant
range of the parameter space of this class of models, the annihilation of dark
matter particles into a pair of dark photons can dominate the freeze-out
process even when this process is kinematically forbidden for dark matter at
rest -- this is known as the "forbidden dark matter" (FDM) regime. Prior
studies of this regime, however, assume that any "dark Higgs" associated with
breaking the dark $U(1)$ and imparting mass to the dark photon is decoupled
from the dark matter and as such plays no role in the freeze-out process. In
this paper, we explore the effects of a dark Higgs on sub-GeV dark matter
phenomenology in this FDM regime by considering the simplest possible
construction in which there exist non-trivial dark matter-dark Higgs couplings:
a model with a single complex scalar DM candidate coupled directly to the dark
Higgs field. We find that for a wide range of parameter space, the dark Higgs
can alter the resulting relic abundance by many orders of magnitude, and that
this effect can remain significant even for a small dark matter-dark Higgs
coupling constant. Considering measurements from direct detection and
measurements of the CMB, we further find that points in this model's parameter
space which recreate the appropriate dark matter relic abundance suffer only
mild constraints from other sources at present, but may become accessible in
near-future direct detection experiments.


  The diffractive process $\gamma p\to V + X$ (where $V$ is a vector meson and
$X$ results from the dissociation of the proton) is studied. In particular, we
consider the region of large momentum transfer (i.e. $|t|\gg\Lambda_{QCD}^2$)
and large centre-of-mass (CM) energy, $s$. The asymptotic $(s \to \infty,
s/|t|\gg 1$) behaviour is derived from the BFKL equation and compared to that
which is obtained in the Born approximation (two-gluon exchange). We also
calculate the corrections to the Born graphs by iterating the BFKL kernel
numerically. Improved convergence of the BFKL series is found by summing the
logarithms which occur when an exchanged gluon goes nearly on shell.
Importantly, we find evidence that the asymptotic solution to the BFKL equation
is inappropriate over most of the HERA range and we provide more realistic
predictions for the cross section. The predicted cross section is not too small
and can be measured at HERA, up to momentum transfers $|t| \sim 10$GeV$^2$.


  It is known that standard stochastic Galerkin methods encounter challenges
when solving partial differential equations with high-dimensional random
inputs, which are typically caused by the large number of stochastic basis
functions required. It becomes crucial to properly choose effective basis
functions, such that the dimension of the stochastic approximation space can be
reduced. In this work, we focus on the stochastic Galerkin approximation
associated with generalized polynomial chaos (gPC), and explore the gPC
expansion based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) decomposition. A concise
form of the gPC expansion is presented for each component function of the ANOVA
expansion, and an adaptive ANOVA procedure is proposed to construct the overall
stochastic Galerkin system. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of our
proposed adaptive ANOVA stochastic Galerkin method for both diffusion and
Helmholtz problems.


  Lyman-alpha forest data probing the post-reionization Universe shows
surprisingly large opacity fluctuations over rather large ($\ge$50 comoving
Mpc/h) spatial scales. We model these fluctuations using a hybrid approach
utilizing the large volume Millennium simulation to predict the spatial
distribution of QSOs combined with smaller scale full hydrodynamical simulation
performed with RAMSES and post-processed with the radiative transfer code ATON.
We produce realictic mock absorption spectra that account for the contribution
of galaxies and QSOs to the ionising UV background. This improved models
confirm our earlier findings that a significant ($\ge$50%) contribution of
ionising photons from QSOs can explain the large reported opacity fluctuations
on large scales. The inferred QSO luminosity function is thereby consistent
with recent estimates of the space density of QSOs at this redshift. Our
simulations still somewhat struggle, however, to reproduce the very long (110
comoving Mpc/h) high opacity absorption through observed in ULAS J0148+0600,
perhaps suggesting an even later end of reionization than assumed in our
previously favoured model. Medium-deep/medium area QSO surveys as well as
targeted searches for the predicted strong transverse QSO proximity effect
whould illuminate the origin of the observed large scale opacity fluctuations.
They would allow to substantiate whether UV fluctuations due to QSO are indeed
primarily responsible, or whether significant contributions from other recently
proposed mechansims such as large scale fluctuations in temperature and mean
free path (even in the absence of rare bright sources) are required.


  A determinant expression for the rational solutions of the Painlev\'e III
(P$_{\rm III}$) equation whose entries are the Laguerre polynomials is given.
Degeneration of this determinant expression to that for the rational solutions
of P$_{\rm II}$ is discussed by applying the coalescence procedure.


  Calm\`es and Fasel have shown that the twisted Witt groups of split flag
varieties vanish in a large number of cases. For flag varieties over
algebraically closed fields, we sharpen their result to an if-and-only-if
statement. In particular, we show that the twisted Witt groups vanish in many
previously unknown cases. In the non-zero cases, we find that the twisted total
Witt group forms a free module of rank one over the untwisted total Witt group,
up to a difference in grading.
  Our proof relies on an identification of the Witt groups of flag varieties
with the Tate cohomology groups of their K-groups, whereby the verification of
all assertions is eventually reduced to the computation of the (twisted) Tate
cohomology of the representation ring of a parabolic subgroup.


  Magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, dielectric, and electric polarization
of LiCuFe2(VO4)3 have been investigated. Two sequential antiferromagnetic
transitions at TN1 ~ 9.95 K and TN2 ~ 8.17 K are observed under zero magnetic
field. While a dielectric peak at TN1 is clearly identified, the measured
pyroelectric current also exhibits a sharp peak at TN1, implying the
magnetically relevant ferroelectricity. Interestingly, another pyroelectric
peak around TN2 with opposite signal is observed, resulting in the
disappearance of electric polarization below TN2. Besides, the electric
polarization is significantly suppressed in response to external magnetic
field, evidencing remarkable magnetoelectric effect. These results suggest the
essential relevance of the magnetic structure with the ferroelectricity in
LiCuFe2(VO4)3, deserving for further investigation of the underlying mechanism.


  The Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics (Athena) has been
selected by ESA as its second large-class mission. The future European X-ray
observatory will study the hot and energetic Universe with its launch foreseen
in 2028. Microcalorimeters based on superconducting Transition-edge sensor
(TES) are the chosen technology for the detectors array of the X-ray Integral
Field Unit (X-IFU) on board of Athena. The X-IFU is a 2-D imaging
integral-field spectrometer operating in the soft X-ray band (0.3 -12 keV). The
detector consists of an array of 3840 TESs coupled to X-ray absorbers and read
out in the MHz bandwidth using Frequency Domain Multiplexing (FDM) based on
Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs). The proposed design
calls for devices with a high filling-factor, high quantum efficiency,
relatively high count-rate capability and an energy resolution of 2.5 eV at 5.9
keV. The paper will review the basic principle and the physics of the TES-based
microcalorimeters and present the state-of-the art of the FDM read-out.


  The aim of high energy nuclear collisions is to study the transition from
hadronic matter to a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons. I review the basic
questions of this search and summarize recent theoretical developments in the
field.


  In this paper, based on the block operator technique and operator spectral
theory, the general explicit expressions for intertwining operators and direct
rotations of two orthogonal projections have been established. As a
consequence, it is an improvement of Kato's result (Perturbation Theory of
Linear operators, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, 1996); J. Avron, R.
Seiler and B. Simon's Theorem 2.3 (The index of a pair of projections, J.
Funct. Anal. 120(1994) 220-237) and C. Davis, W.M. Kahan, (The rotation of
eigenvectors by a perturbation, III. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 7(1970) 1-46).


  The increasing uncertainty level caused by growing renewable energy sources
(RES) and aging transmission networks poses a great challenge in the assessment
of total transfer capability (TTC) and available transfer capability (ATC). In
this paper, a novel data-driven sparse polynomial chaos expansion (DDSPCE)
method is proposed for estimating the probabilistic characteristics (e.g.,
mean, variance, probability distribution) of probabilistic TTC (PTTC).
Specifically, the proposed method, requiring no pre-assumed probabilistic
distributions of random inputs, exploits data sets directly in estimating the
PTTC. Besides, a sparse scheme is integrated to improve the computational
efficiency. Numerical studies on the modified IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate
that the proposed DDSPCE method can achieve accurate estimation for the
probabilistic characteristics of PTTC with a high efficiency. Moreover,
numerical results reveal the great significance of incorporating discrete
random inputs in PTTC and ATC assessment, which nevertheless was not given
sufficient attention.


  In this article we consider an open string attached to a D$_p$-brane, in the
presence of the pp-wave and background gauge fields. The effects of the string
mass on the open string propagator, open string metric and the noncommutativity
parameter are studied. Some free matrices appear in the propagator and in the
open string variables. The symmetries of the string propagator and consistency
with the zero mass case put some restrictions on these matrices.


  Radiofrequency fields are usually measured in order to be compared with
electromagnetic exposure limits defined by international standardization
organizations with the aim of preserving the human health. However, in the case
of WiFi technology, accurate measurement of the radiation coming from user
terminals and access points is a great challenge due to the nature of these
emissions, which are noncontinuous signals transmitted in the form of pulses of
short duration. Most of the methodologies defined up to now for determining
WiFi exposure levels use or take as reference exposimeters, broadband probes,
and spectrum analyzers without taking into account that WiFi signals are not
continuously transmitted. This leads to an overestimation of the radiation
level that cannot be considered negligible when data of the actual exposure are
needed. To avoid this, other procedures apply empirical weighting factors that
account for the actual duration of burst transmissions. However, this implies
the implementation of additional measurements for calculating the weighting
factors, and thus, increases the complexity of the work. According to this, it
was still necessary to define the frequency domain measurement setup that is
optimal for obtaining realistic WiFi signal values, without requiring the
performance of additional recordings. Thus, the definition of an appropriate
methodology to achieve this goal was established as the main objective of this
paper. The set of tasks carried out to identify such a configuration, as well
as the limitations obtained for other measurement settings, are deeply
explained in this paper.


  The estimation of the L\'{e}vy density, the infinite-dimensional parameter
controlling the jump dynamics of a L\'{e}vy process, is considered here under a
discrete-sampling scheme. In this setting, the jumps are latent variables, the
statistical properties of which can be assessed when the frequency and time
horizon of observations increase to infinity at suitable rates. Nonparametric
estimators for the L\'{e}vy density based on Grenander's method of sieves was
proposed in Figueroa-L\'{o}pez [IMS Lecture Notes 57 (2009) 117--146]. In this
paper, central limit theorems for these sieve estimators, both pointwise and
uniform on an interval away from the origin, are obtained, leading to pointwise
confidence intervals and bands for the L\'{e}vy density. In the pointwise case,
our estimators converge to the L\'{e}vy density at a rate that is arbitrarily
close to the rate of the minimax risk of estimation on smooth L\'{e}vy
densities. In the case of uniform bands and discrete regular sampling, our
results are consistent with the case of density estimation, achieving a rate of
order arbitrarily close to $\log^{-1/2}(n)\cdot n^{-1/3}$, where $n$ is the
number of observations. The convergence rates are valid, provided that $s$ is
smooth enough and that the time horizon $T_n$ and the dimension of the sieve
are appropriately chosen in terms of $n$.


  The charge collection properties in different particle sensor materials with
respect to the shape of the generated signals, the electric field within the
detector, the charge carrier mobility and the carrier lifetime are studied with
the transient current technique (TCT). Using the well-known properties of Si as
a reference, the focus is laid on Cadmium-Telluride (CdTe) and
Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT), which are currently considered as promising
candidates for the efficient detection of X-rays. All measurements are based on
a transient-current technique (TCT) setup, which allows the recording of
current pulses generated by an 241Am alpha-source. These signals will be
interpreted with respect to the build-up of space-charges inside the detector
material and the subsequent deformation of the electric field. Additionally the
influence of different electrode materials (i.e. ohmic or Schottky contacts) on
the current pulse shapes will be treated in the case of CdTe. Finally, the
effects of polarization, i.e. the time-dependent degradation of the detector
signals due to the accumulation of fixed charges within the sensor, are
presented.


  When listening to a sound source in everyday-life situations, typical
movement behavior can lead to a mismatch between the direction of the head and
the direction of interest. This could reduce the performance of directional
algorithms, as was shown in previous work for head movements of normal-hearing
listeners. However, the movement behavior of hearing-impaired listeners and
hearing aid users might be different, and if hearing aid users adapt their
self-motion because of the directional algorithm, its performance might
increase. In this work we therefore investigated the influence of hearing
impairment on self-motion, and the interaction of hearing aids with
self-motion. In order to do this, the self-motion of three hearing-impaired
(HI) participant groups, aided with an adaptive differential microphone (ADM),
aided without ADM, and unaided, was compared, also to previously measured
self-motion data from younger and older normal-hearing (NH) participants. The
self-motion was measured in virtual audiovisual environments (VEs) in the
laboratory. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and SNR improvement
of the ADM resulting from the head movements of the participants were estimated
with acoustic simulations. A strong effect of hearing impairment on self-motion
was found, which led to an overall increase in estimated SNR of 0.8 dB for the
HI participants compared to the NH participants, and differences in estimated
SNR improvement of the ADM. However, the self-motion of the HI participants
aided with ADM and the other HI participants was very similar, indicating that
they did not adapt their self-motion because of the ADM.


  In this article we study the MSSM with stops and Higgs scalars much lighter
than gluinos and squarks of the first two generations. In this setup, one
should use an effective field theory with partial supersymmetry in which the
gluino and heavy squarks are integrated out in order to connect SUSY parameters
(given at a high scale) to observables in the stop sector. In the construction
of this effective theory, valid below the gluino mass scale, we take into
account $O(\alpha_3)$ and $O(Y_{t,b}^2)$ effects and calculate the matching as
well as the renormalization group evolution. As a result, the running of the
parameters for the stop sector is modified with respect to the full MSSM and
SUSY relations between parameters are broken. We show that for some couplings
sizable numerical differences exist between the effective field theory approach
and the naive calculation based on the MSSM running.


  This paper presents RTLFixer, a novel framework enabling automatic syntax
errors fixing for Verilog code with Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite LLM's
promising capabilities, our analysis indicates that approximately 55% of errors
in LLM-generated Verilog are syntax-related, leading to compilation failures.
To tackle this issue, we introduce a novel debugging framework that employs
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and ReAct prompting, enabling LLMs to act
as autonomous agents in interactively debugging the code with feedback. This
framework demonstrates exceptional proficiency in resolving syntax errors,
successfully correcting about 98.5% of compilation errors in our debugging
dataset, comprising 212 erroneous implementations derived from the VerilogEval
benchmark. Our method leads to 32.3% and 10.1% increase in pass@1 success rates
in the VerilogEval-Machine and VerilogEval-Human benchmarks, respectively.


  We define a zeta function woth respect to the twisted Grover matrix of a
mixed digraph, and present an exponential expression and a determinant
expression of this zeta function. As an application, we give a trace formula
with respect to the twisted Grover matrix of a mixed digraph.


  We discuss some aspects of the differential geometry of curves in Minkowski
space. We establish the Serret-Frenet equations in Minkowski space and use them
to give a very simple proof of the fundamental theorem of curves in Minkowski
space. We also state and prove two other theorems which represent Minkowskian
versions of a very known theorem of the differential geometry of curves in
tridimensional Euclidean space. We discuss the general solution for torsionless
paths in Minkowki space. We then apply the four-dimensional Serret-Frenet
equations to describe the motion of a charged test particle in a constant and
uniform electromagnetic field and show how the curvature and the torsions of
the four-dimensional path of the particle contain information on the
electromagnetic field acting on the particle.


  Parton distribution functions (PDFs) at large $x$ are poorly constrained by
high-energy experimental data, but extremely important for probing physics
beyond standard model at colliders. We study the calculation of PDFs at
large-$x$ through large-momentum $P^z$ expansion of the lattice quasi PDFs.
Similar to deep-inelastic scattering, there are two distinct perturbative
scales in the threshold limit where the matching coefficient can be factorized
into a space-like jet function at scale $P^z|1-y|$ and a pair of heavy-light
Sudakov form factors at scale $P^z$. The matching formula allows us to derive a
full renormalization group resummation of large threshold logarithms, and the
result is consistent with the known calculation to the next-to-next to leading
order (NNLO). This paves the way for direct large-$x$ PDFs calculations in
lattice QCD. As by-products, we find that the space-like jet function is
related to a time-like version calculated previously through analytic
continuation, and the heavy-light Sudakov form factor, calculated here to NNLO,
is a universal object appearing as well in the large momentum expansion of
quasi transverse-momentum-dependent PDFs and quasi wave-function amplitudes.


  Robot control using reinforcement learning has become popular, but its
learning process generally terminates halfway through an episode for safety and
time-saving reasons. This study addresses the problem of the most popular
exception handling that temporal-difference (TD) learning performs at such
termination. That is, by forcibly assuming zero value after termination,
unintentionally implicit underestimation or overestimation occurs, depending on
the reward design in the normal states. When the episode is terminated due to
task failure, the failure may be highly valued with the unintentional
overestimation, and the wrong policy may be acquired. Although this problem can
be avoided by paying attention to the reward design, it is essential in
practical use of TD learning to review the exception handling at termination.
This paper therefore proposes a method to intentionally underestimate the value
after termination to avoid learning failures due to the unintentional
overestimation. In addition, the degree of underestimation is adjusted
according to the degree of stationarity at termination, thereby preventing
excessive exploration due to the intentional underestimation. Simulations and
real robot experiments showed that the proposed method can stably obtain the
optimal policies for various tasks and reward designs.
https://youtu.be/AxXr8uFOe7M


  This survey has been written in occasion of the School and Workshop about
Optimal Transport on Quantum Structures at Erd\"os Center in September 2022. We
discuss some recent results on noncommutative entropic optimal transport
problems and their relation to the study of the ground-state energy of a
finite-dimensional composite quantum system at positive temperature, following
the work [FGP23]. In the first part, we review some of the classical
primal-dual formulations of optimal transport in the commutative setting,
including extensions to multimarginal problems and entropic regularisation. We
discuss the main features of the entropic problem and show how optimisers can
be efficiently computed via the so-called Sinkhorn algorithm. In the second
part, we discuss how to apply these ideas to a noncommutative setting, in
particular on the space of density matrices over finite dimensional Hilbert
spaces. In this framework, we present equivalences between primal and dual
formulations, and use them to characterise the optimisers. Despite the lack of
explicit formulas due to the noncommutative nature of the problem, one can also
show that a suitable quantum version of the Sinkhorn algorithm converges to the
minimiser of the entropic problem. In the final part of this work, we discuss
similar results for bosonic and fermionic systems.


  Dust attenuation shapes the spectral energy distribution of galaxies. It is
particularly true for dusty galaxies in which stars experience a heavy
attenuation. The combination of UV-to-IR photometry with the spectroscopic
measurement of the H$\alpha$ recombination line helps to quantify dust
attenuation of the whole stellar population and its wavelength dependence. We
selected an IR complete sample of galaxies in the COSMOS 3D-HST CANDELS field
detected with the Herschel satellite with a signal to noise ratio larger than
five. Optical to NIR photometry is available as well as NIR spectroscopy for
each source. We reduced the sample to the redshift range $0.6 < z < 1.6$ to
include the H$\alpha$ line in the G141 grism spectra. We have used a new
version of the CIGALE code to fit simultaneously the continuum and H$\alpha$
line emission of the 34 selected galaxies. Using flexible attenuation laws with
free parameters, we are able to measure the shape of the attenuation curve for
each galaxy as well as the amount of attenuation of each stellar population,
the former being in general steeper than the starburst law in the UV-optical
with a large variation of the slope among galaxies. The attenuation of young
stars or nebular continuum is found on average about twice the attenuation
affecting older stars, again with a large variation. Our model with power-laws,
based on a modification of the Charlot and Fall recipe, gives results in better
agreement with the radiative transfer models than the global modification of
the slope of the Calzetti law.


  It is currently believed that there is no experimental evidence on possibly
quantum features of gravity or gravity-motivated modifications of quantum
mechanics. Here we show that single-atom interference experi- ments achieving
large spatial superpositions can rule out a framework where the Newtonian
gravitational inter- action is fundamentally classical in the
information-theoretic sense: it cannot convey entanglement. Specifically, in
this framework gravity acts pairwise between massive particles as classical
channels, which effectively induce approximately Newtonian forces between the
masses. The experiments indicate that if gravity does reduce to the pairwise
Newtonian interaction between atoms at the low energies, this interaction
cannot arise from the exchange of just classical information, and in principle
has the capacity to create entanglement. We clarify that, contrary to current
belief, the classical-channel description of gravity differs from the model of
Diosi and Penrose, which is not constrained by the same data.


  We obtain some fine gradient estimates near the boundary for solutions to
fractional elliptic problems subject to exterior Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Our results provide, in particular, the sign of the normal derivative of such
solutions near the boundary of the underlying domain.


  We demonstrate ultrasound detection with 500-$\mu\mathrm{{m}}$-diameter
photonic-crystal slab (PCS) sensors fabricated from CMOS-compatible technology.
An ultrasound signal impinging a PCS sensor causes a local modulation of the
refractive index (RI) of the medium (water) in which the PCS is immersed,
resulting in a periodic spectral shift of the optical resonance of the PCS. The
acoustic sensitivity is found to scale with the index sensitivity $S$ and
quality factor $Q$. A noise equivalent pressure (NEP) of 650 Pa with averaging
(7.4 Pa$/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$) and relative wavelength shifts of up to
4.3$\times10^{-5}$ MPa$^{-1}$ are measured. The frequency response of the
sensors is observed to be flat from 1-20 MHz, with the range limited only by
our measurement apparatus.


  The IceCube Observatory is a kilometer-cube neutrino telescope under
construction at the South Pole and planned to be completed in early 2011. When
completed it will consist of 5,160 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) which detect
Cherenkov radiation from the charged particles produced in neutrino
interactions and by cosmic ray initiated atmospheric showers. IceCube
construction is currently 90% complete. A selection of the most recent
scientific results are shown here. The measurement of the anisotropy in arrival
direction of galactic cosmic rays will also be presented and discussed.


  Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) attempts to use an available or a
learned model to improve the data efficiency of reinforcement learning. This
work proposes a one-step lookback approach that jointly learns the latent-space
model and the policy to realize the sample-efficient continuous robotic
control, wherein the control-theoretical knowledge is utilized to decrease the
model learning difficulty. Specifically, the so-called one-step backward data
is utilized to facilitate the incremental evolution model, an alternative
structured representation of the robotics evolution model in the MBRL field.
The incremental evolution model accurately predicts the robotics movement but
with low sample complexity. This is because the formulated incremental
evolution model degrades the model learning difficulty into a parametric matrix
learning problem, which is especially favourable to high-dimensional robotics
applications. The imagined data from the learned incremental evolution model is
used to supplement training data to enhance the sample efficiency. Comparative
numerical simulations on benchmark continuous robotics control problems are
conducted to validate the efficiency of our proposed one-step lookback
approach.


  A new conjecture is proposed that there are two sorts of matter called
s-matter and v-matter which are symmetric and whose gravitational masses are
opposite to each other, although both masses are positive. Therefore, there are
two sorts of symmetry breaking called V-breaking and S-breaking. In the
S-breaking, s-particles get their masses and form s-galaxies etc., while
v-fermions and v-gauge bosons are still massless and form v-SU(5) singlets.
There is no interaction among the v-SU(5) color-single states except
gravitation so that they distribute loosely in space, cannot be observed and
cause space to expand with an acceleration. When temperature increases to the
critical temperature because space contracts, masses of all particles are zero
so that s-particles and v-particles transform from one to another and the
gravitational mass density becomes negative. Consequently, space stop to
contract and inflation must occur. After reheating, space first expands with a
deceleration and then expands with an acceleration up to now. There is no
space-time singularity. There are the critical temperature, the highest
temperature and the least scale in the universe. A formula describing
distance-redshift is obtained. A huge void is not empty, and is equivalent to a
huge concave lens. The densities of hydrogen in the huge voids must be much
less than that predicted by the conventional theory. The gravitation between
two galaxies with distance long enough will be less than that predicted by the
conventional theory. A black hole with its mass and density big enough will
transform into a white hole. Primordial nucleosynthesis and CMB are explained.
It is possible that the universe is composed of infinite cosmic islands. The
problem of energy conservation is discussed.


  Single photon source represent a fundamental building block for optical
implementations of quantum information tasks ranging from basic tests of
quantum physics to quantum communication and high-resolution quantum
measurement. In this paper we investigate the performance of a multiplexed
system based on asymmetric configuration of multiple heralded single photon
sources. {To compare the effectiveness of different designs we introduce a
single-photon source performance index that is based on the value of single
photon probability required to achieve a guaranteed signal to noise ratio.} The
performance and scalability comparison with both currently existing
multiple-source architectures and faint laser configurations reveals an
advantage the proposed scheme offers in realistic scenarios. This analysis also
provides insights on the potential of using such architectures for integrated
implementation.


  Recently, many gravitational wave events from compact binary mergers have
been detected by LIGO. Determining the final mass and spin of the remnant black
holes (RBHs) is a fundamental issue and is also important in astrophysics. In
this paper, unified models for predicting the final mass and spin of the RBHs
from compact binary mergers is proposed. The models achieve a good accuracy
within the parameter range of interest. In addition, the rotational energy of
the RBHs is also studied which is relevant to the electromagnetic counterparts
of the mergers. It is found the distribution of the rotational energy of the
RBHs from different types of mergers of compact binary has its own
characteristics, which might help identify the electromagnetic counterparts
associated with the mergers.


  The NLO calculation of the DIC process with the isolated photon is presented
and the comparison is made with the other NLO calculation and with recent
measurement at HERA. The satisfactory agreement was found.


  We apply multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (RL) to train end-to-end
robot soccer policies with fully onboard computation and sensing via egocentric
RGB vision. This setting reflects many challenges of real-world robotics,
including active perception, agile full-body control, and long-horizon planning
in a dynamic, partially-observable, multi-agent domain. We rely on large-scale,
simulation-based data generation to obtain complex behaviors from egocentric
vision which can be successfully transferred to physical robots using low-cost
sensors. To achieve adequate visual realism, our simulation combines rigid-body
physics with learned, realistic rendering via multiple Neural Radiance Fields
(NeRFs). We combine teacher-based multi-agent RL and cross-experiment data
reuse to enable the discovery of sophisticated soccer strategies. We analyze
active-perception behaviors including object tracking and ball seeking that
emerge when simply optimizing perception-agnostic soccer play. The agents
display equivalent levels of performance and agility as policies with access to
privileged, ground-truth state. To our knowledge, this paper constitutes a
first demonstration of end-to-end training for multi-agent robot soccer,
mapping raw pixel observations to joint-level actions, that can be deployed in
the real world. Videos of the game-play and analyses can be seen on our website
https://sites.google.com/view/vision-soccer .


  The gasification of multicomponent fuel drops is relevant in various
energy-related technologies. An interesting phenomenon associated with this
process is the self-induced explosion of the drop, producing a multitude of
smaller secondary droplets, which promotes overall fuel atomization and,
consequently, improves the combustion efficiency and reduces emissions of
liquid-fueled engines. Here, we study a unique explosive gasification process
of a tricomponent droplet consisting of water, ethanol, and oil ("ouzo"), by
high-speed monitoring of the entire gasification event taking place in the
well-controlled, levitated Leidenfrost state over a superheated plate. It is
observed that the preferential evaporation of the most volatile component,
ethanol, triggers nucleation of the oil microdroplets/nanodroplets in the
remaining drop, which, consequently, becomes an opaque oil-in-water
microemulsion. The tiny oil droplets subsequently coalesce into a large one,
which, in turn, wraps around the remnant water. Because of the encapsulating
oil layer, the droplet can no longer produce enough vapor for its levitation,
and, thus, falls and contacts the superheated surface. The direct thermal
contact leads to vapor bubble formation inside the drop and consequently drop
explosion in the final stage.


  We study the effect of contingent movement on the persistence of cooperation
on complex networks with empty nodes. Each agent plays Prisoner's Dilemma game
with its neighbors and then it either updates the strategy depending on the
payoff difference with neighbors or it moves to another empty node if not
satisfied with its own payoff. If no neighboring node is empty, each agent
stays at the same site. By extensive evolutionary simulations, we show that the
medium density of agents enhances cooperation where the network flow of mobile
agents is also medium. Moreover, if the movements of agents are more frequent
than the strategy updating, cooperation is further promoted. In scale-free
networks, the optimal density for cooperation is lower than other networks
because agents get stuck at hubs. Our study suggests that keeping a smooth
network flow is significant for the persistence of cooperation in ever-changing
societies.


  The purpose of this work is to develop a procedure to obtain the normal modes
of a coronal loop from time-dependent numerical simulations with the aim of
better understanding observed transverse loop oscillations. To achieve this
goal, in this paper we present a new method and test its performance with a
problem for which the normal modes can be computed analytically. In a follow-up
paper, the application to the simulations of \citet{rial2013} is tackled. The
method proceeds iteratively and at each step consists of (i) a time-dependent
numerical simulation followed by (ii) the Complex Empirical Orthogonal Function
(CEOF) analysis of the simulation results. The CEOF analysis provides an
approximation to the normal mode eigenfunctions that can be used to set up the
initial conditions for the numerical simulation of the following iteration, in
which an improved normal mode approximation is obtained. The iterative process
is stopped once the global difference between successive approximate
eigenfunctions is below a prescribed threshold. The equilibrium used in this
paper contains material discontinuities that result in one eigenfunction with a
jump across these discontinuities and two eigenfunctions whose normal
derivatives are discontinuous there. After 6 iterations, the approximation to
the frequency and eigenfunctions are accurate to $\lesssim 0.7$\% except for
the eigenfunction with discontinuities, which displays a much larger error at
these positions.


  Given a monoid $S$ with $E$ any non-empty subset of its idempotents, we
present a novel one-sided version of idempotent completion we call left
$E$-completion. In general, the construction yields a one-sided variant of a
small category called a constellation by Gould and Hollings. Under certain
conditions, this constellation is inductive, meaning that its partial
multiplication may be extended to give a left restriction semigroup, a type of
unary semigroup whose unary operation models domain. We study the properties of
those pairs $S,E$ for which this happens, and characterise those left
restriction semigroups that arise as such left $E$-completions of their
submonoid of elements having domain $1$. As first applications, we decompose
the left restriction semigroup of partial functions on the set $X$ and the
right restriction semigroup of left total partitions on $X$ as left and right
$E$-completions respectively of the transformation semigroup $T_X$ on $X$, and
decompose the left restriction semigroup of binary relations on $X$ under
demonic composition as a left $E$-completion of the left-total binary
relations. In many cases, including these three examples, the construction
embeds in a semigroup Zappa-Sz\'{e}p product.


  The traditional fluid perturbation theory is improved by taking electronic
excitations and ionizations into account, in the framework of average ion
spheres. It is applied to calculate the equation of state for fluid Xenon,
which turns out in good agreement with the available shock data.


  We report on the results of 18 observations of the core, or peak, of the Fe K
emission line at $\sim 6.4$ keV in 15 Seyfert I galaxies using the {\it
Chandra} High Energy Grating (HEG). These data afford the highest precision
measurements of the peak energy of the Fe K line, and the highest spectral
resolution measurements of the width of the core of the line to date. We were
able to measure the peak energy in 17 data sets, and, excluding a very deep
observation of NGC 3783, we obtained a weighted mean of $6.404 \pm 0.005$ keV.
In all 15 sources the two-parameter, 99% confidence errors on the line peak
energy do not exclude fluorescent $K\alpha$ line emission from Fe {\sc i},
although two sources (Mkn 509 and 3C 120) stand out as very likely being
dominated by $K\alpha$ emission from Fe {\sc xvii} or so. We were able to
measure the line core width in 14 data sets and obtained a weighted mean of
2380 +/- 760 km/s FWHM (excluding the NGC 3783 deep exposure), a little larger
than the instrument resolution. However, there is evidence of underlying broad
line emission in at least 4 sources. In fact, the width of the peak varies
widely from source to source and it may in general have a contribution from the
outer parts of an accretion disk {\it and} more distant matter. For the disk
contribution to also peak at 6.4 keV requires greater line emissivity at
hundreds of gravitational radii than has been deduced from previous studies of
the Fe K line.


  This work proposes a novel approach to restricting the access for blacklisted
Android system API calls. Main feature of the suggested method introduced in
this paper is that it requires only rootless or (user-mode) access to the
system unlike previous works. For that reason this method is valuable for
end-users due to the possibility of project distribution via Play Market and it
does not require any phone system modifications and/or updates. This paper
explains the required background of Android OS necessary for understanding and
describes the method for modification Android application. In this paper the
proof-of-concept implementation. That is able to block the application's IMEI
requests is introduced. Also this paper lists unsuccessful methods that tried
to provide the user security. Obviously with those restrictions application may
lack some of features that can only be granted in unsecured environment.


  Dynamic phase-only beam shaping with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator
is a powerful technique for tailoring the beam's intensity profile or wave
front. While shaping and controlling the light field is a highly researched
topic, dynamic nonlinear beam shaping has hardly been explored so far. One
potential reason is that generating the second harmonic is a degenerate process
as it mixes two fields at the same frequency. To overcome this problem, we
propose the use of type II phase matching as a control mechanism to distinguish
the two involved fields. We experimentally demonstrate that arbitrary intensity
distributions can be shaped in the frequency-converted field at the same
quality as for linear beam shaping and with conversion efficiencies similar to
the case without beam shaping. We envision this technique as a milestone
towards beam shaping beyond the physical limits of liquid crystal displays,
i.e. facilitating dynamic phase-only beam shaping in the ultraviolet spectral
range.


  We demonstrate an electric field control of anomalous Hall effect emerging in
CaIrO$_3$/CaMnO$_3$ heterostructures. We fabricate both electron-type and
hole-type carrier samples by tuning epitaxial strain and then control the
carrier density in CaIrO$_3$ layer via electric double layer gating technique.
As the Fermi energy of CaIrO$_3$ is tuned close to the Dirac line node,
anomalous Hall conductivity is enlarged in both carrier-type samples. This
result reveals that the anomalous Hall effect comes from the intrinsic origin
reflecting the Dirac like dispersion in CaIrO$_3$. We propose that band
splitting induced by the interface ferromagnetism yields several band crossing
points near the Dirac line node. These points play as a source of the Berry
curvature and contribute to the anomalous Hall effect.


  Boger fluids are viscoelastic liquids having constant viscosity for a broad
range of shear rates. They are commonly used to separate the effects of liquid
elasticity from viscosity in any experiment. We present an experimental study
on the shock-induced aerobreakup of a Boger fluid droplet in the Shear-induced
entrainment (SIE) and catastrophic breakup regime (Weber number ranging from ~
800 to 5000). The results are compared with the aerobreakup of a Newtonian
droplet having similar viscosity, and with shear-thinning droplets. The study
aims to identify the role of liquid elasticity without the added complexity of
simultaneous shear-thinning behavior. It is observed that at the early stages
of droplet breakup, liquid elasticity plays an insignificant role, and all the
fluids show similar behavior. However, during the late stages, the impact of
liquid elasticity becomes dominant, which results in a markedly different
morphology of the fragmenting liquid mass compared to a Newtonian droplet.


  For commuting contractions $T_1,\dots ,T_n$ acting on a Hilbert space
$\mathcal H$ with $T=\prod_{i=1}^n T_i$, we find a necessary and sufficient
condition under which $(T_1,\dots ,T_n)$ dilates to commuting isometries
$(V_1,\dots ,V_n)$ on the minimal isometric dilation space $T$, where
$V=\prod_{i=1}^nV_i$ is the minimal isometric dilation of $T$. We construct
both Sch$\ddot{a}$ffer and Sz. Nagy-Foias type isometric dilations for
$(T_1,\dots ,T_n)$ on the minimal dilation spaces of $T$. Also, a different
dilation is constructed when the product $T$ is a $C._0$ contraction, that is
${T^*}^n \rightarrow 0$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$. As a consequence of these
dilation theorems we obtain different functional models for $(T_1,\dots ,T_n)$
in terms of multiplication operators on vectorial Hardy spaces. One notable
fact about our models is that the multipliers are analytic functions in one
variable. The dilation, when $T$ is a $C._0$ contraction, leads to a
conditional factorization of a $T$. Several examples have been constructed.


  Recent developments in synthetic biology, next-generation sequencing, and
machine learning provide an unprecedented opportunity to rationally design new
disease treatments based on measured responses to gene perturbations and drugs
to reprogram cells. The main challenges to seizing this opportunity are the
incomplete knowledge of the cellular network and the combinatorial explosion of
possible interventions, both of which are insurmountable by experiments. To
address these challenges, we develop a transfer learning approach to control
cell behavior that is pre-trained on transcriptomic data associated with human
cell fates, thereby generating a model of the network dynamics that can be
transferred to specific reprogramming goals. The approach combines
transcriptional responses to gene perturbations to minimize the difference
between a given pair of initial and target transcriptional states. We
demonstrate our approach's versatility by applying it to a microarray dataset
comprising >9,000 microarrays across 54 cell types and 227 unique
perturbations, and an RNASeq dataset consisting of >10,000 sequencing runs
across 36 cell types and 138 perturbations. Our approach reproduces known
reprogramming protocols with an AUROC of 0.91 while innovating over existing
methods by pre-training an adaptable model that can be tailored to specific
reprogramming transitions. We show that the number of gene perturbations
required to steer from one fate to another increases with decreasing
developmental relatedness and that fewer genes are needed to progress along
developmental paths than to regress. These findings establish a
proof-of-concept for our approach to computationally design control strategies
and provide insights into how gene regulatory networks govern phenotype.


  In this work we use a proven model to study a dynamic duopolistic competition
between an old and a new technology which, through improved technical
performance - e.g. data transmission capacity - fight in order to conquer
market share. The process whereby an old technology fights a new one off
through own improvements has been named 'sailing-ship effect'. In the
simulations proposed, intentional improvements of both the old and the new
technology are affected by the values of three key parameters: one
scientific-technological, one purely technological and the third purely
economic. The interaction between these components gives rise to different
outcomes in terms of prevalence of one technology over the other.


  In this paper we show that there is a cut-off in the Khovanov homology of
$(2k,2kn)$-torus links, namely that the maximal homological degree of non-zero
homology group of $(2k,2kn)$-torus link is $2k^2n$. Furthermore, we calculate
explicitely the homology groups in homological degree $2k^2n$ and prove that it
coincides with the centre of the ring $H^k$ of crossingless matchings,
introduced by M. Khovanov in \cite{tan}. Also we give an explicit formula for
the ranks of the homology groups of $(3,n)$-torus knots for every $n\in\N$.


  Closed string dynamics in the presence of noncommutative Dp-branes is
investigated. In particular, we compute bulk closed string two-point scattering
amplitudes; the bulk space-time geometries encoded in the amplitudes are shown
to be consistent with the recently proposed background space-time geometries
dual to noncommutative Yang-Mills theories. Three-point closed string
absorption/emission amplitudes are obtained to show some features of
noncommutative Dp-branes, such as modified pole structures and exponential
phase factors linearly proportional to the external closed string momentum.


  The low-energy effective theories describing string compactifications in the
presence of fluxes are so-called gauged supergravities: deformations of the
standard abelian supergravity theories. The deformation parameters can be
identified with the various possible (geometric and non-geometric) flux
components. In these lecture notes we review the construction of gauged
supergravities in a manifestly duality covariant way and illustrate the
construction in several examples.


  We determine the A(1)-homotopy of the topological cyclic homology of the
connective real K-theory spectrum ko. The answer has an associated graded that
is a free F_2[v_2^4]-module of rank 52, on explicit generators in stems -1 \le
* \le 30. The calculation is achieved by using prismatic and syntomic
cohomology of ko as introduced by Hahn-Raksit-Wilson, extending work of
Bhatt-Morrow-Scholze from the case of classical commutative rings to E_\infty
rings. A new feature in our case is that there are nonzero differentials in the
motivic spectral sequence from syntomic cohomology to topological cyclic
homology.


  Findings from existing research provide possible evidence that values are an
important construct that should be part of the self-reflection process.
However, many questions about value reflection remain unexplored. As such, this
position paper aims to provide an overview of relevant research and frameworks,
example studies on value reflection pursued by the authors, and design aspects
that might both improve value reflection processes and provide a brief mapping
of where and how technology could be of help.


  Although many exoplanets have been indirectly detected over the last years,
direct imaging of them with ground-based telescopes remains challenging. In the
presence of atmospheric fluctuations, it is ambitious to resolve the high
brightness contrasts at the small angular separation between the star and its
potential partners. Post-processing of telescope images has become an essential
tool to improve the resolvable contrast ratios. This paper contributes a
post-processing algorithm for fast-cadence imaging, which deconvolves sequences
of telescope images. The algorithm infers a Bayesian estimate of the
astronomical object as well as the atmospheric optical path length, including
its spatial and temporal structures. For this, we utilize physics-inspired
models for the object, the atmosphere, and the telescope. The algorithm is
computationally expensive but allows to resolve high contrast ratios despite
short observation times and no field rotation. We test the performance of the
algorithm with point-like companions synthetically injected into a real data
set acquired with the SHARK-VIS pathfinder instrument at the LBT telescope.
Sources with brightness ratios down to $6\cdot10^{-4}$ to the star are detected
at $185$ mas separation with a short observation time of $0.6\,\text{s}$.


  Spontaneous violation of Lorentz symmetry by the vacuum condensation of an
antisymmetric $2$-tensor is considered. The coset construction for nonlinear
realization of spacetime symmetries is employed to build the most general
low-energy effective action for the Goldstone modes interacting with photons.
We analyze the model within the context of the Standard-Model Extension and
noncommutative QED. Experimental bounds for some parameters of the model are
discussed, and we readdress the subtle issues of stability and causality in
Lorentz non-invariant scenarios. Besides the two photon polarizations, just one
Goldstone mode must be dynamical to set a sensible low-energy effective model,
and the enhancement of the stability by accounting interaction terms points to
a protection against observational Lorentz violation.


  We consider two-site XXX Heisenberg magnets with different boundary
conditions, which are integrable systems on so(4) possessing additional cubic
and quartic integrals of motion. The separated variables for these models are
constructed using the Sklyanin method.


  The importance of the radiative feedback from massive black holes at the
centers of elliptical galaxies is not in doubt, given the well established
relations among electromagnetic output, black hole mass and galaxy optical
luminosity. We show how this AGN radiative output affects the hot ISM of an
isolated elliptical galaxy with the aid of a high-resolution hydrodynamical
code, where the cooling and heating functions include photoionization plus
Compton heating. We find that radiative heating is a key factor in the
self-regulated coevolution of massive black holes and their host galaxies and
that 1) the mass accumulated by the central black hole is limited by feedback
to the range observed today, and 2) relaxation instabilities occur so that duty
cycles are small enough (~0.03) to account for the very small fraction of
massive ellipticals observed to be in the "on" -QSO- phase, when the accretion
luminosity approaches the Eddington luminosity. The duty cycle of the hot
bubbles inflated at the galaxy center during major accretion episodes is of the
order of 0.1-0.4. Major accretion episodes caused by cooling flows in the
recycled gas produced by normal stellar evolution trigger nuclear starbursts
coincident with AGN flaring. During such episodes the central sources are often
obscured; but overall, in the bursting phase (1<z<3), the duty cycle of the
black hole in its "on" phase is of the order of percents and it is unobscured
approximately one-third of the time. Mechanical energy output from
non-relativistic gas winds integrates to 2.3 10^{59} erg, with most of it
caused by broadline AGN outflows. [abridged]


  A brief review of the indirect detection signatures of dark matter is given.
In particular, detection methods of dark matter particle annihilation to
antimatter and gamma-rays are reviewed. With the GLAST satellite soon to be
launched, a crucial window in the energy range of a few GeV up to 300 GeV will
open. The good angular and energy resolution of the instrument means that
structures predicted by cold dark matter models can be searched for. Large,
currently planned ground-based imaging Cherenkov telescope arrays, may further
improve the limits, or discover a signal, if the current understanding of halo
dark matter structure is correct.


  We present a customized 3D mesh Transformer model for the pose transfer task.
As the 3D pose transfer essentially is a deformation procedure dependent on the
given meshes, the intuition of this work is to perceive the geometric
inconsistency between the given meshes with the powerful self-attention
mechanism. Specifically, we propose a novel geometry-contrastive Transformer
that has an efficient 3D structured perceiving ability to the global geometric
inconsistencies across the given meshes. Moreover, locally, a simple yet
efficient central geodesic contrastive loss is further proposed to improve the
regional geometric-inconsistency learning. At last, we present a latent
isometric regularization module together with a novel semi-synthesized dataset
for the cross-dataset 3D pose transfer task towards unknown spaces. The massive
experimental results prove the efficacy of our approach by showing
state-of-the-art quantitative performances on SMPL-NPT, FAUST and our new
proposed dataset SMG-3D datasets, as well as promising qualitative results on
MG-cloth and SMAL datasets. It's demonstrated that our method can achieve
robust 3D pose transfer and be generalized to challenging meshes from unknown
spaces on cross-dataset tasks. The code and dataset are made available. Code is
available: https://github.com/mikecheninoulu/CGT.


  Common envelope (CE) evolution is a critical but still poorly understood
progenitor phase of many high-energy astrophysical phenomena. Although 3D
global hydrodynamic CE simulations have become more common in recent years,
those involving an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) primary are scarce, due to the
high computational cost from the larger dynamical range compared to red giant
branch (RGB) primaries. But CE evolution with AGB progenitors is desirable to
simulate because such events are the likely progenitors of most bi-polar
planetary nebulae (PNe), and prominent observational testing grounds for CE
physics. Here we present a high resolution global simulation of CE evolution
involving an AGB primary and $1\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ secondary, evolved for $20$
orbital revolutions. During the last $16$ of these orbits, the envelope unbinds
at an almost constant rate of about
$0.1$-$0.2\,\mathrm{M}_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. If this rate were maintained,
the envelope would be unbound in less than $10\,\mathrm{yr}$. The dominant
source of this unbinding is consistent with inspiral; we assess the influence
of the ambient medium to be subdominant. We compare this run with a previous
run that used an RGB phase primary evolved from the same $2\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$
main sequence star to assess the influence of the evolutionary state of the
primary. When scaled appropriately, the two runs are quite similar, but with
some important differences.


  In this article we examine the prospect of first order phase transition with
a Y=0 real $SU(2)$ triplet extension of the Standard Model, which remains odd
under $Z_2$, considering the observed Higgs boson mass, perturbative unitarity,
dark matter constraints, etc. Especially we investigate the role of
Higgs-triplet quartic coupling considering one- and two-loop beta functions and
compare the results with the complex singlet extension case. It is observed
that at the one-loop level, no solution can be found for both, demanding the
Planck scale perturbativity. However, for a much lower scale of $10^4$ GeV, the
singlet case predicts first order phase transition consistent with the observed
Higgs boson mass. On the contrary, at the two-loop, both the scenarios foresee
strongly first order phase transition consistent with the observed Higgs mass
with upper bounds of 310, 909 GeV on the triplet and singlet masses,
respectively. This puts the triplet in apparent contradiction with the observed
dark matter relic bound and thus requires additional field for that. The
preferred regions of the parameter space in both cases are identified by
benchmark points, that predict the Gravitational Waves with detectable
frequencies in the present and future experiments.


  We study the automorphism group of a compact 7-manifold $M$ endowed with a
closed non-parallel G$_2$-structure, showing that its identity component is
abelian with dimension bounded by min$\{6,b_2(M)\}$. This implies the
non-existence of compact homogeneous manifolds endowed with an invariant closed
non-parallel G$_2$-structure. We also discuss some relevant examples.


  In this study, we define new paranormed sequence spaces by the sequences of
Fibonacci numbers. Furthermore, we compute the $\alpha-,\beta-$ and $\gamma-$
duals and obtain bases for these sequence spaces. Besides this, we characterize
the matrix transformations from the new paranormed sequence spaces to the
Maddox's spaces $c_{0}(q),c(q),\ell(q)$ and $\ell_{\infty}(q)$.


  In this article, we extend our recent work on a Bombieri-Vinogradov-type
theorem for sparse sets of prime powers $p^N\le x^{1/4-\varepsilon}$ with $p\le
(\log x)^C$ to sparse sets of moduli $s\le x^{1/3-\varepsilon}$ with radical
rad$(s)\le x^{9/40}$. To derive our result, we combine our previous method with
a Bombieri-Vinogradov-type theorem for general moduli $s\le x^{9/40}$ obtained
by Roger Baker.


  This report considers the problem of Byzantine fault-tolerance in synchronous
parallelized learning that is founded on the parallelized stochastic gradient
descent (parallelized-SGD) algorithm. The system comprises a master, and $n$
workers, where up to $f$ of the workers are Byzantine faulty. Byzantine workers
need not follow the master's instructions correctly, and might send malicious
incorrect (or faulty) information. The identity of the Byzantine workers
remains fixed throughout the learning process, and is unknown a priori to the
master. We propose two coding schemes, a deterministic scheme and a randomized
scheme, for guaranteeing exact fault-tolerance if $2f < n$. The coding schemes
use the concept of reactive redundancy for isolating Byzantine workers that
eventually send faulty information. We note that the computation efficiencies
of the schemes compare favorably with other (deterministic or randomized)
coding schemes, for exact fault-tolerance.


  In this note, we characterize the form of an invertible quantum operation,
i.e., a completely positive trace preserving linear transformation (a CPTP map)
whose inverse is also a CPTP map. The precise form of such maps becomes
important in contexts such as self-testing and encryption. We show that these
maps correspond to applying a unitary transformation to the state along with an
ancilla initialized to a fixed state, which may be mixed.
  The characterization of invertible quantum operations implies that one-way
schemes for encrypting quantum states using a classical key may be slightly
more general than the ``private quantum channels'' studied by Ambainis, Mosca,
Tapp and de Wolf (FOCS 2000). Nonetheless, we show that their results, most
notably a lower bound of 2n bits of key to encrypt n quantum bits, extend in a
straightforward manner to the general case.


  We study the vibrational and electronic properties of (x)Na$_2$S-(1-x)GeS$_2$
glasses through DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations, at different sodium
concentrations ($0<x<0.5$). We compute the vibrational density of states for
the different samples in order to determine the contribution of the Na$^+$ ions
in the VDOS. With an in-depth analysis of the eigenvectors we determine the
spatial and atomic localization of the different modes, and in particular in
the zone corresponding to the Boson peak. We also calculate the electronic
density of states as well as the partial EDOS in order to determine the impact
of the introduction of the sodium modifiers on the electronic properties of the
GeS$_2$ matrix.


  Intelligent surface (IS) is envisioned as a promising technology for the
sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, which can effectively reconfigure the
wireless propagation environment via dynamically controllable signal
reflection/transmission. In particular, integrating passive intelligent surface
(IS) into the base station (BS) is a novel solution to enhance the wireless
network throughput and coverage both cost-effectively and energyefficiently. In
this article, we provide an overview of IS-integrated BSs for wireless
networks, including their motivations, practical architectures, and main design
issues. Moreover, numerical results are presented to compare the performance of
different IS-integrated BS architectures as well as the conventional BS without
IS. Finally, promising directions are pointed out to stimulate future research
on IS-BS/terminal integration in wireless networks.


  This letter revisits the informational efficiency of the Bitcoin market. In
particular we analyze the time-varying behavior of long memory of returns on
Bitcoin and volatility 2011 until 2017, using the Hurst exponent. Our results
are twofold. First, R/S method is prone to detect long memory, whereas DFA
method can discriminate more precisely variations in informational efficiency
across time. Second, daily returns exhibit persistent behavior in the first
half of the period under study, whereas its behavior is more informational
efficient since 2014. Finally, price volatility, measured as the logarithmic
difference between intraday high and low prices exhibits long memory during all
the period. This reflects a different underlying dynamic process generating the
prices and volatility.


  Entanglement purification protocols, designed to improve the fidelity of Bell
states over quantum networks for inter-node communications, have attracted
significant attention over the last few decades. These protocols have great
potential to resolve a core challenge in quantum networking of generating
high-fidelity Bell states. However, previous studies focused on the theoretical
discussion with limited consideration of realistic errors. Studies of
dynamically selecting the right purification protocol under various realistic
errors that populate in practice have yet to be performed. In this work, we
study the performance of various purification protocols under realistic errors
by conducting density matrix simulations over a large suite of error models.
Based on our findings of how specific error channels affect the performance of
purification protocols, we propose a module that can be embedded in the quantum
network. This module determines and selects the appropriate purification
protocol, considering not only expected specifications from the network layer
but also the capabilities of the physical layer. Finally, the performance of
our proposed module is verified using two benchmark categories. Compared with
the default approach and exhaustive search approach, we show a success rate
approaching 90% in identifying the optimal purification protocol for our target
applications.


  In this paper, we introduce a novel method to capture visual trajectories for
navigating an indoor robot in dynamic settings using streaming image data.
First, an image processing pipeline is proposed to accurately segment
trajectories from noisy backgrounds. Next, the captured trajectories are used
to design, train, and compare two neural network architectures for predicting
acceleration and steering commands for a line following robot over a continuous
space in real time. Lastly, experimental results demonstrate the performance of
the neural networks versus human teleoperation of the robot and the viability
of the system in environments with occlusions and/or low-light conditions.


  Locally rotationally symmetric (L.R.S.) Bianchi type II stiff fluid
cosmological model is investigated. To get the deterministic model of the
universe, we have assumed a condition $A=B^{m}$ between metric potentials
$A,~B$ where $n$ is the constant. It is shown that the vacuum energy density
$\Lambda$ is positive and proportional to $\frac{1}{t^{2}}$. The values of
deceleration parameter $q$, matter-energy density $\Omega_{m}$ and dark-energy
density $\Omega_{\Lambda}$ are found to be in good agreement with the values
obtain from 5-years WMAP observations. the predicted value of the jerk
parameter agrees with the SNLS SNIa and X-ray galaxy cluster distance data but
does not with the SNIa gold sample data. In general, the model represent
accelerating, shearing and non-rotating universe.The physical and geometrical
behavior of these models are also discussed.


  Discovering causal structure among a set of variables is a fundamental
problem in many domains. However, state-of-the-art methods seldom consider the
possibility that the observational data has missing values (incomplete data),
which is ubiquitous in many real-world situations. The missing value will
significantly impair the performance and even make the causal discovery
algorithms fail. In this paper, we propose an approach to discover causal
structures from incomplete data by using a novel encoder and reinforcement
learning (RL). The encoder is designed for missing data imputation as well as
feature extraction. In particular, it learns to encode the currently available
information (with missing values) into a robust feature representation which is
then used to determine where to search the best graph. The encoder is
integrated into a RL framework that can be optimized using the actor-critic
algorithm. Our method takes the incomplete observational data as input and
generates a causal structure graph. Experimental results on synthetic and real
data demonstrate that our method can robustly generate causal structures from
incomplete data. Compared with the direct combination of data imputation and
causal discovery methods, our method performs generally better and can even
obtain a performance gain as much as 43.2%.


  First, the topological structure of a transition system is studied. Then, two
types of transition system (TS) representations of Boolean networks (BNs) and
Boolean control networks (BCNs) are investigated. The first kind of
representation is state-based, which converts a BCN into a TS with either
distinct control or non-distinct control. The second representation is
output-based, which is also called the simulation of the original BCN. Some
applications are also studied.


  We prove that order convergence on a Boolean algebra turns it into a compact
convergence space if and only if this Boolean algebra is complete and atomic.
We also show that on an Archimedean vector lattice, order intervals are compact
with respect to order convergence if and only the vector lattice is complete
and atomic. Additionally we provide a direct proof of the fact that uo
convergence on an Archimedean vector lattice is induced by a topology if and
only if the vector lattice is atomic.


  We report work done with T. Jayaraman (hep-th/9405146) in this talk. In a
recent paper, Hitchin introduced generalisations of the Teichmuller space of
Riemann surfaces. We relate these spaces to the Teichmuller spaces of
W-gravity. We show how this provides a covariant description of W-gravity and
naturally leads to a Polyakov path integral prescription for W-strings. (Talk
presented at the International Colloquium on Modern Quantum Field Theory II at
the Tata Institute, Bombay during Jan. 5-11, 1994, to appear in the
proceedings)


  Despite the outstanding performance of deep neural networks in different
applications, they are still computationally extensive and require a great
number of memories. This motivates more research on reducing the resources
required for implementing such networks. An efficient approach addressed for
this purpose is matrix factorization, which has been shown to be effective on
different networks. In this paper, we utilize binary matrix factorization and
show its great efficiency in reducing the required number of resources in deep
neural networks. In effect, this technique can lead to the practical
implementation of such networks.