  Blended modeling is an approach that enables users to interact with a model
via multiple notations. In this context, there is a growing need for
open-source industry-grade exemplars of languages with available language
engineering artifacts, in particular, editors and notations for supporting the
creation of models based on a single metamodel in different representations
(e.g., textual, graphical, and tabular ones). These exemplars can support the
development of advanced solutions to address the practical challenges posed by
blended modeling requirements.
  As one such exemplar, this paper introduces EATXT, a textual concrete syntax
for automotive architecture modeling with EAST-ADL, developed in cooperation
with an industry partner in the automotive domain. The EATXT editor is based on
Xtext and provides basic and advanced features, such as an improved
content-assist and serialization specifically addressing blended modeling
requirements. We present the editor features and architecture, the
implementation approach, and previous use of EATXT in research. The EATXT
editor is publicly available, rendering it a valuable resource for language
developers.


  In this paper, we extend the Hermite-Hadamard type $\dot{I}$scan inequality
to the class of symmetrized harmonic convex functions. The corresponding
version for harmonic h-convex functions is also investigated. Furthermore, we
establish Hermite-Hadamard type inequalites for the product of a harmonic
convex function with a symmetrized harmonic convex function.


  Objectives. Public health officials need tools to assist with anticipating
the healthcare resources required to confront the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. We built
a modeling tool to aid practicing public health officials with estimating
healthcare demand from the pandemic in their jurisdictions and to evaluate the
potential impacts of population-wide social-distancing interventions. Methods.
The tool uses a SEIR compartmental model to project the local spread of the
pandemic. Users input case counts, healthcare resources, and select
intervention strategies to evaluate. Outputs include the number of infections
and deaths with and without intervention, and the demand for hospital and
critical care beds and ventilators relative to existing capacity. We illustrate
the tool using data from three regions of Chile. Results. Our scenarios
indicate a surge in COVID-19 patients could overwhelm Chilean hospitals by
June, peaking in July or August at 6 to 50 times the current supply of beds and
ventilators. A lockdown strategy or combination of case isolation, home
quarantine, social distancing of individuals greater than 70 years, and
telework interventions may keep treatment demand below capacity. Conclusions.
Aggressive interventions can avert substantial morbidity and mortality from
COVID-19. Our tool permits rapid evaluation of locally-applicable policy
scenarios and updating of results as new data become available.


  Truncated Levy flights are stochastic processes which display a crossover
from a heavy-tailed Levy behavior to a faster decaying probability distribution
function (pdf). Putting less weight on long flights overcomes the divergence of
the Levy distribution second moment. We introduce a fractional generalization
of the diffusion equation, whose solution defines a process in which a Levy
flight of exponent alpha is truncated by a power-law of exponent 5 - alpha. A
closed form for the characteristic function of the process is derived. The pdf
of the displacement slowly converges to a Gaussian in its central part showing
however a power law far tail. Possible applications are discussed.


  In 1918, Hardy and Ramanujan published a seminal paper which included an
asymptotic formula for the partition function. In their paper, they also claim
without proof an asymptotic equivalence for $p^k(n)$, the number of partitions
of a number $n$ into $k$-th powers. In this paper, we provide an asymptotic
formula for $p^k(n)$, using the Hardy-Littlewood Circle Method. We also provide
a formula for the difference function $p^k(n+1)-p^k(n)$. As a necessary step in
the proof, we obtain a non-trivial bound on exponential sums of the form
$\sum_{m=1}^q e(\frac{am^k}{q})$.


  One of the most important problems in nanoelectronic device theory is to
estimate how fast or how slow a quantum device can turn on/off a current. For
an arbitrary noninteracting phase-coherent device scattering region connected
to the outside world by leads, we have derived an exact solution for the
nonequilibrium, nonlinear, and time-dependent current driven by both up- and
down-step pulsed voltages. Our analysis is based on the Keldysh nonequilibrium
Green's functions formalism where the electronic structure of the leads as well
as the scattering region are treated on an equal footing. A model calculation
for a quantum dot with a Lorentzian linewidth function shows that the
time-dependent current dynamics display interesting finite-bandwidth effects
not captured by the commonly used wideband approximation.


  We analyze recent $K^+$ meson photoproduction data from the CLAS
collaboration for the reactions $\gamma p\rightarrow K^+\Lambda$ and $\gamma
p\rightarrow K^+\Sigma_0$, fitting measured forward-angle differential cross
sections to the form $Ae^{Bt}$. We develop a quantitative scheme for
determining the kinematic region where the fit is to be done, and, from the
extracted $t$-slope $B$, determine whether single-Reggeon exchange can explain
the production mechanism. We find that, in the region $5 < s < 8.1$ GeV$^2$,
production of the $K^+\Lambda$ channel can be explained by single $K^+$ Reggeon
exchange, but the $K^+\Sigma_0$ production channel cannot. We verify these
conclusions by fitting the data to a differential cross section produced by the
interfering sum of two exponential amplitudes.


  We formulate a time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in terms of
the density matrix to study ultrafast phenomena in semiconductor structures. A
system of equations for the density matrix components, which is equivalent to
the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation, is derived. From this we obtain a TDDFT
version of the semiconductor Bloch equations, where the electronic many-body
effects are taken into account in principle exactly. As an example, we study
the optical response of a three-dimensional two-band insulator to an external
short-time pulsed laser field. We show that the optical absorption spectrum
acquires excitonic features when the exchange-correlation potential contains a
$1/q^{2}$ Coulomb singularity. A qualitative comparison of the TDDFT optical
absorption spectra with the corresponding results obtained within the
Hartree-Fock approximation is made.


  We propose a typesafe abstraction to tensors (i.e. multidimensional arrays)
exploiting the type-level programming capabilities of Scala through
heterogeneous lists (HList), and showcase typesafe abstractions of common
tensor operations and various neural layers such as convolution or recurrent
neural networks. This abstraction could lay the foundation of future typesafe
deep learning frameworks that runs on Scala/JVM.


  Traditional machine learning models focus on achieving good performance on
the overall training distribution, but they often underperform on minority
groups. Existing methods can improve the worst-group performance, but they can
have several limitations: (i) they require group annotations, which are often
expensive and sometimes infeasible to obtain, and/or (ii) they are sensitive to
outliers. Most related works fail to solve these two issues simultaneously as
they focus on conflicting perspectives of minority groups and outliers. We
address the problem of learning group annotations in the presence of outliers
by clustering the data in the space of gradients of the model parameters. We
show that data in the gradient space has a simpler structure while preserving
information about minority groups and outliers, making it suitable for standard
clustering methods like DBSCAN. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our
method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art both in terms of group
identification and downstream worst-group performance.


  With a focus on universal quantum computing for quantum simulation, and
through the example of lattice gauge theories, we introduce rather general
quantum algorithms that can efficiently simulate certain classes of
interactions consisting of correlated changes in multiple (bosonic and
fermionic) quantum numbers with non-trivial functional coefficients. In
particular, we analyze diagonalization of Hamiltonian terms using a
singular-value decomposition technique, and discuss how the achieved diagonal
unitaries in the digitized time-evolution operator can be implemented. The
lattice gauge theory studied is the SU(2) gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions
coupled to one flavor of staggered fermions, for which a complete
quantum-resource analysis within different computational models is presented.
The algorithms are shown to be applicable to higher-dimensional theories as
well as to other Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories. The example chosen
further demonstrates the importance of adopting efficient theoretical
formulations: it is shown that an explicitly gauge-invariant formulation using
loop, string, and hadron degrees of freedom simplifies the algorithms and
lowers the cost compared with the standard formulations based on
angular-momentum as well as the Schwinger-boson degrees of freedom. The
loop-string-hadron formulation further retains the non-Abelian gauge symmetry
despite the inexactness of the digitized simulation, without the need for
costly controlled operations. Such theoretical and algorithmic considerations
are likely to be essential in quantumly simulating other complex theories of
relevance to nature.


  Loop I is a nearby giant radio loop spanning over 100 degrees and centered on
the Sco-Cen OB association. It may correspond to a superbubble formed by the
joint action of stellar winds and supernova remnants. ROSAT observations
revealed that the region is filled with a hot gas possibly reheated by
successive supernova explosions. The brightest rim of Loop I, called the North
Polar Spur (NPS), extends to the north along 30 degrees in longitude, at a
distance of about 100 pc from the Sun. Early searches for high-energy gamma
rays associated with electrons or protons accelerated by Loop I were performed
with SAS-II, COSB and EGRET. But a detector with better performance and higher
statistics is required to distinguish the faint signal from the NPS from broad
structures in the Galactic interstellar emission, such as the inverse Compton
emission from cosmic-ray electrons scattering the interstellar radiation field.
We modelled the gamma-ray emission of the Galaxy and compared it to the
Fermi-LAT photons detected above 300 MeV. We observe an excess of photons in
the direction of Loop I. This excess exhibit a large arc-shaped structure
similar to those seen in synchrotron emission.


  A variational calculation of the spin-singlet and spin-triplet state of a
negatively charged exciton (trion) confined to a single quantum well and in the
presence of a perpendicular magnetic field is presented. We calculated the
probability density and the pair correlation function of the singlet and
triplet trion states. The dependence of the energy levels and of the binding
energy on the well width and on the magnetic field strength was investigated.
We compared our results with the available experimental data on GaAs/AlGaAs
quantum wells and find that in the low magnetic field region (B<18 T) the
observed transition are those of the singlet and the dark triplet trion (with
angular momentum $L_z=-1$), while for high magnetic fields (B>25 T) the dark
trion becomes optically inactive and possibly a transition to a bright triplet
trion (angular momentum $L_z=0$) state is observed.


  We describe a closed operator functional calculus in Banach modules over the
group algebra $L^1(\mathbb R)$ and illustrate its usefulness with a few
applications. In particular, we deduce a spectral mapping theorem for operators
in the functional calculus, which generalizes some of the known results. We
also obtain an estimate for the spectrum of a perturbed differential operator
in a certain class.


  At 6th order in perturbation theory, the random magnetic impurity problem at
second order in impurity density narrows down to the evaluation of a single
Feynman diagram with maximal impurity line crossing. This diagram can be
rewritten as a sum of ordinary integrals and nested double integrals of
products of the modified Bessel functions $K_{\nu}$ and $I_{\nu}$, with
$\nu=0,1$. That sum, in turn, is shown to be a linear combination with rational
coefficients of $(2^5-1)\zeta(5)$, $\int_0^{\infty} u K_0(u)^6 du$ and
$\int_0^{\infty} u^3 K_0(u)^6 du$. Unlike what happens at lower orders, these
two integrals are not linear combinations with rational coefficients of Euler
sums, even though they appear in combination with $\zeta(5)$. On the other
hand, any integral $\int_0^{\infty} u^{n+1} K_0(u)^p (uK_1(u))^q du$ with
weight $p+q=6$ and an even $n$ is shown to be a linear combination with
rational coefficients of the above two integrals and 1, a result that can be
easily generalized to any weight $p+q=k$. A matrix recurrence relation in $n$
is built for such integrals. The initial conditions are such that the
asymptotic behavior is determined by the smallest eigenvalue of the transition
matrix.


  Grid stars and reference stars provide the fundamental global and local
astrometric reference frames for observations by the Space Interferometry
Mission. They must therefore be astrometrically stable at the ~1 uas level. I
present simple formulae in closed form to estimate contamination of these
frames by motions due to stellar companions that go undetected in a
radial-velocity (RV) survey of specified precision. The contamination rate
depends almost entirely on the binary-period distribution function and not on
the details of the mass or eccentricity distributions. Screening by a modest RV
survey (sigma_rv=60 m/s) can reduce the fraction of grid stars having
detectable unmodeled accelerations to <<1%. Reference-star selection promises
to be much more challenging, partly because the requirements of astrometric
stability are more severe and partly because the required density of sources is
about 100 times higher, which latter implies that less satisfactory candidates
will have to be accepted. The tools presented here can help design a
reference-star selection strategy, but a full treatment of the problem will
require better knowledge of their companions in the planetary mass range.


  We describe the structure of the extended Clifford Group (defined to be the
group consisting of all operators, unitary and anti-unitary, which normalize
the generalized Pauli group (or Weyl-Heisenberg group as it is often called)).
We also obtain a number of results concerning the structure of the Clifford
Group proper (i.e. the group consisting just of the unitary operators which
normalize the generalized Pauli group). We then investigate the action of the
extended Clifford group operators on symmetric informationally complete POVMs
(or SIC-POVMs) covariant relative to the action of the generalized Pauli group.
We show that each of the fiducial vectors which has been constructed so far
(including all the vectors constructed numerically by Renes et al) is an
eigenvector of one of a special class of order 3 Clifford unitaries. This
suggests a strengthening of a conjuecture of Zauner's. We give a complete
characterization of the orbits and stability groups in dimensions 2-7. Finally,
we show that the problem of constructing fiducial vectors may be expected to
simplify in the infinite sequence of dimensions 7, 13, 19, 21, 31,... . We
illustrate this point by constructing exact expressions for fiducial vectors in
dimensions 7 and 19.


  We report a systematic study of the dynamics of self-propelled particles
(SPPs) over a one-dimensional periodic potential landscape, which is fabricated
on a microgroove-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. From the
measured non-equilibrium probability density function of the SPPs, we find that
the escape dynamics of the slow-rotating SPPs across the potential landscape
can be described by an effective potential, once the self-propulsion force is
included into the potential under the fixed angle approximation. This work
demonstrates that the parallel microgrooves provide a versatile platform for a
quantitative understanding of the interplay among the self-propulsion force,
spatial confinement by the potential landscape, and thermal noise, as well as
its effects on activity-assisted escape dynamics and transport of the SPPs.


  In this chapter I discuss the impact of concepts of Quantum Field Theory in
modern Condensed Physics. Although the interplay between these two areas is
certainly not new, the impact and mutual cross-fertilization has certainly
grown enormously with time, and Quantum Field Theory has become a central
conceptual tool in Condensed Matter Physics. In this chapter I cover how these
ideas and tools have influenced our understanding of phase transitions, both
classical and quantum, as well as topological phases of matter, and dualities.


  Two fundamentally different processes of rocky planet formation exist, but it
is unclear which one built the terrestrial planets of the solar system. Either
they formed by collisions among planetary embryos from the inner solar system,
or by accreting sunward-drifting millimeter-sized 'pebbles' from the outer
solar system. We show that the isotopic compositions of Earth and Mars are
governed by two-component mixing among inner solar system materials, including
material from the innermost disk unsampled by meteorites, whereas the
contribution of outer solar system material is limited to a few percent by
mass. This refutes a pebble accretion origin of the terrestrial planets, but is
consistent with collisional growth from inner solar system embryos. The low
fraction of outer solar system material in Earth and Mars indicates the
presence of a persistent dust-drift barrier in the disk, highlighting the
specific pathway of rocky planet formation in the solar system.


  Robot-assisted intervention has shown reduced radiation exposure to
physicians and improved precision in clinical trials. However, existing
vascular robotic systems follow master-slave control mode and entirely rely on
manual commands. This paper proposes a novel offline reinforcement learning
algorithm, Conservative Actor-critic with SmOoth Gradient (CASOG), to learn
manipulation skills from human demonstrations on vascular robotic systems. The
proposed algorithm conservatively estimates Q-function and smooths gradients of
convolution layers to deal with distribution shift and overfitting issues.
Furthermore, to focus on complex manipulations, transitions with larger
temporal-difference error are sampled with higher probability. Comparative
experiments in a pre-clinical environment demonstrate that CASOG can deliver
guidewire to the target at a success rate of 94.00\% and mean backward steps of
14.07, performing closer to humans and better than prior offline reinforcement
learning methods. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is
promising to improve the autonomy of vascular robotic systems.


  We analyze the running at one-loop of the gauge couplings in the spectral
Pati-Salam model that was derived in the framework of noncommutative geometry.
There are a few different scenario's for the scalar particle content which are
determined by the precise form of the Dirac operator for the finite
noncommutative space. We consider these different scenarios and establish for
all of them unification of the Pati-Salam gauge couplings. The boundary
conditions are set by the usual RG flow for the Standard Model couplings at an
intermediate mass scale at which the Pati-Salam symmetry is broken.


  The focal point of egocentric video understanding is modelling hand-object
interactions. Standard models, e.g. CNNs or Vision Transformers, which receive
RGB frames as input perform well. However, their performance improves further
by employing additional input modalities that provide complementary cues, such
as object detections, optical flow, audio, etc. The added complexity of the
modality-specific modules, on the other hand, makes these models impractical
for deployment. The goal of this work is to retain the performance of such a
multimodal approach, while using only the RGB frames as input at inference
time. We demonstrate that for egocentric action recognition on the
Epic-Kitchens and the Something-Something datasets, students which are taught
by multimodal teachers tend to be more accurate and better calibrated than
architecturally equivalent models trained on ground truth labels in a unimodal
or multimodal fashion. We further adopt a principled multimodal knowledge
distillation framework, allowing us to deal with issues which occur when
applying multimodal knowledge distillation in a naive manner. Lastly, we
demonstrate the achieved reduction in computational complexity, and show that
our approach maintains higher performance with the reduction of the number of
input views. We release our code at
https://github.com/gorjanradevski/multimodal-distillation.


  The Local and Loop I superbubbles are the closest and best investigated
supernova (SN) generated bubbles and serve as test laboratories for
observations and theories of the interstellar medium. Since the morphology and
dynamical evolution of bubbles depend on the ambient density and pressure
distributions, a realistic modelling of the galactic environment is crucial for
a detailed comparison with observations. We have performed 3D high resolution
(down to 1.25 pc on a kpc-scale grid) hydrodynamic simulations of the Local
Bubble (LB) and the neighbouring Loop I (L1) superbubble in a realistically
evolving inhomogeneous background ISM, disturbed already by SN explosions at
the Galactic rate for 200 Myr before the LB and L1 are generated. The LB is the
result of 19 SNe occurring in a moving group, which passed through the present
day local HI cavity. We can reproduce (i) the OVI column density in absorption
within the LB in agreement with COPERNICUS and recent FUSE observations, giving
N(OVI) <2 10^{13} cm^-2 and N(OVI)<7 10^{12} cm^-2, respectively, (ii) the
observed sizes of the Local and Loop I superbubbles, (iii) the interaction
shell between LB and L1, discovered with ROSAT, (iv) constrain the age of the
LB to be 14.5+0.7/-0.4 Myr, (v) predict the merging of the two bubbles in about
3 Myr, when the interaction shell starts to fragment, (vi) the generation of
blobs like the Local Cloud as a consequence of a dynamical instability. We find
that evolving superbubbles strongly deviate from idealised self-similar
solutions due to ambient pressure and density gradients, as well as due to
turbulent mixing and mass loading. Hence, at later times the hot interior can
break through the surrounding shell, which may also help to explain the
puzzling energy "deficit" observed in LMC bubbles.


  The pyrochlore lattice involves corner sharing tetrahedra and the resulting
geometric frustration is believed to suppress any antiferromagnetic order for
Mott insulators on this structure. There are nevertheless short-range
correlations which could be vital near the Mott-Hubbard insulator-metal
transition. We use a static auxiliary-field-based Monte Carlo to study this
problem in real space on reasonably large lattices. The method reduces to
unrestricted Hartree-Fock at zero temperature but captures the key magnetic
fluctuations at finite temperature. Our results reveal that increasing
interaction drives the non magnetic (semi) metal to a 'spin disordered' metal
with small local moments, at some critical coupling, and then, through a small
pseudogap window, to a large moment, gapped, Mott insulating phase at a larger
oupling. The spin disordered metal has a finite residual resistivity which
grows with interaction strength, diverging at the upper coupling. We present
the resistivity, optical conductivity, and density of states across the
metal-insulator transition and for varying temperature. These results set the
stage for the more complex cases of Mott transition in the pyrochlore iridates
and molybdates.


  Using the Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation to study nuclear
pairing, we have found the short-range correlations of the Dirac $^1$S$_0$
pairing fields to be essentially identical to those of the two-nucleon virtual
state at all values of the baryon density. We make use of this fact to develop
a relativistic separable potential that correctly describes the pairing fields.


  Forecast reconciliation of multivariate time series is the process of mapping
a set of incoherent forecasts into coherent forecasts to satisfy a given set of
linear constraints. Commonly used projection matrix based approaches for point
forecast reconciliation are OLS (ordinary least squares), WLS (weighted least
squares), and MinT (minimum trace). Even though point forecast reconciliation
is a well-established field of research, the literature on generating
probabilistic forecasts subject to linear constraints is somewhat limited.
Available methods follow a two-step procedure. Firstly, it draws future sample
paths from the univariate models fitted to each series in the collection (which
are incoherent). Secondly, it uses a projection matrix based approach or
empirical copula based reordering approach to account for contemporaneous
correlations and linear constraints. The projection matrices are estimated
either by optimizing a scoring rule such as energy or variogram score, or
simply using a projection matrix derived for point forecast reconciliation.
  This paper proves that (a) if the incoherent predictive distribution is
Gaussian then MinT minimizes the logarithmic scoring rule; and (b) the
logarithmic score of MinT for each marginal predictive density is smaller than
that of OLS. We show these theoretical results using a set of simulation
studies. We also evaluate them using the Australian domestic tourism data set.


  Due to the sparsity of features, noise has proven to be a great inhibitor in
the classification of handwritten characters. To combat this, most techniques
perform denoising of the data before classification. In this paper, we
consolidate the approach by training an all-in-one model that is able to
classify even noisy characters. For classification, we progressively train a
classifier generative adversarial network on the characters from low to high
resolution. We show that by learning the features at each resolution
independently a trained model is able to accurately classify characters even in
the presence of noise. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our
approach by classifying noisy versions of MNIST, handwritten Bangla Numeral,
and Basic Character datasets.


  Let $\{b_H(t),t\in\mathbb{R}\}$ be the fractional Brownian motion with
parameter $0<H<1$. When $1/2<H$, we consider diffusion equations of the type
\[X(t)=c+\int_0^t\sigma\bigl(X(u)\bigr)\mathrm {d}b_H(u)+\int
_0^t\mu\bigl(X(u)\bigr)\mathrm {d}u.\] In different particular models where
$\sigma(x)=\sigma$ or $\sigma(x)=\sigma x$ and $\mu(x)=\mu$ or $\mu(x)=\mu x$,
we propose a central limit theorem for estimators of $H$ and of $\sigma$ based
on regression methods. Then we give tests of the hypothesis on $\sigma$ for
these models. We also consider functional estimation on $\sigma(\cdot)$ in the
above more general models based in the asymptotic behavior of functionals of
the 2nd-order increments of the fBm.


  Barrier crossing calculations in chemical reaction-rate theory typically
assume that the barrier is large compared to the temperature. When the barrier
vanishes, however, there is a qualitative change in behavior. Instead of
crossing a barrier, particles slide down a sloping potential. We formulate a
renormalization group description of this noisy saddle-node transition. We
derive the universal scaling behavior and corrections to scaling for the mean
escape time in overdamped systems with arbitrary barrier height. We also
develop an accurate approximation to the full distribution of barrier escape
times by approximating the eigenvalues of the Fokker-Plank operator as equally
spaced. This lets us derive a family of distributions that captures the barrier
crossing times for arbitrary barrier height. Our critical theory draws links
between barrier crossing in chemistry, the renormalization group, and
bifurcation theory.


  X-ray observations provide essential and valuable insights into the
acceleration and propagation of non-thermal electrons during solar flares.
Improved X-ray spectral analysis requires a deeper understanding of the
dynamics of energetic electrons. Previous studies have demonstrated that the
dynamics of accelerated electrons of a few thermal speeds are more complex. To
better describe the energetic electrons after injection, a model considering
energy diffusion and thermalization effects in flare conditions (warm-target
model) has recently been developed for Hard X-ray spectral analysis. This model
has demonstrated how the low-energy cut-off, which can hardly be constrained in
cold-target modeling, can be determined. However, the power-law form may not be
the most suitable representation of injected electrons. The kappa distribution,
which is proposed as a physical consequence of electron acceleration, has shown
successful application in RHESSI spectral analysis. In this study, we employ
the kappa-form injected electrons in the warm-target model to analyze two
M-class flares, observed by RHESSI and STIX, respectively. The best-fit results
show that the kappa-form energetic electron spectrum generates lower
non-thermal energy when producing a similar photon spectrum in the fit range
compared to the power-law form. We also demonstrated that the fit parameters
associated with kappa-form electron spectrum can be well determined with small
fit uncertainty. Further, the kappa distribution, which covers the entire
electron energy range, enables the determination of key electron properties
such as total electron number density and average energy in the flare site,
providing valuable information on electron acceleration processes.


  The small polaron, an one-dimensional lattice model of interacting spinless
fermions, with generic non-diagonal boundary terms is studied by the
off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method. The presence of the Grassmann valued
non-diagonal boundary fields gives rise to a typical $U(1)$-symmetry-broken
fermionic model. The exact spectra of the Hamiltonian and the associated Bethe
ansatz equations are derived by constructing an inhomogeneous $T-Q$ relation.


  I elaborate on the argument that the violation of Hara's theorem for
conserved current requires that the current is not sufficiently well localized.
It is also stressed that whatever sign of asymmetry is measured in the $\Xi ^0
\to \Lambda \gamma $ decay, one of the following three statements must be
incorrect: 1) Hara's theorem is satisfied, 2) vector meson dominance is
applicable to weak radiative hyperon decays, and 3) basic structure of our
quark-model description of nuclear parity-violation is correct.


  The demand for high data rates is rapidly increasing as the interest in
Magnetic Induction (MI) communication-based underwater applications grow.
However, the data rate in MI is limited by the use of low operational frequency
in generating a quasi-static magnetic field. In this paper, we propose the use
of full-duplex (FD) MI communication to efficiently utilize the available
bandwidth and instantly double the data rate. We propose a two-dimensional
transceiver architecture to achieve full-duplex communication by exploiting the
directional nature of magnetic fields. We further evaluate the proposed
end-to-end FD MI communication against self-interference (SI), its impact on
communication distance, and robustness in view of orientation sensitivity.
Finally, we conclude by discussing typical challenges in the realization of FD
MI communication and highlight a few potential future research directions.


  We propose a scheme to realize scalable quantum computation in a planar ion
crystal confined by a Paul trap. We show that the inevitable in-plane
micromotion affects the gate design via three separate effects: renormalization
of the equilibrium positions, coupling to the transverse motional modes, and
amplitude modulation in the addressing beam. We demonstrate that all of these
effects can be taken into account and high-fidelity gates are possible in the
presence of micromotion. This proposal opens the prospect to realize
large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation within a single Paul trap.


  Edge computing and 5G have made it possible to perform analytics closer to
the source of data and achieve super-low latency response times, which is not
possible with centralized cloud deployment. In this paper, we present a novel
fever-screening system, which uses edge machine learning techniques and
leverages private 5G to accurately identify and screen individuals with fever
in real-time. Particularly, we present deep-learning based novel techniques for
fusion and alignment of cross-spectral visual and thermal data streams at the
edge. Our novel Cross-Spectral Generative Adversarial Network (CS-GAN)
synthesizes visual images that have the key, representative object level
features required to uniquely associate objects across visual and thermal
spectrum. Two key features of CS-GAN are a novel, feature-preserving loss
function that results in high-quality pairing of corresponding cross-spectral
objects, and dual bottleneck residual layers with skip connections (a new,
network enhancement) to not only accelerate real-time inference, but to also
speed up convergence during model training at the edge. To the best of our
knowledge, this is the first technique that leverages 5G networks and limited
edge resources to enable real-time feature-level association of objects in
visual and thermal streams (30 ms per full HD frame on an Intel Core i7-8650
4-core, 1.9GHz mobile processor). To the best of our knowledge, this is also
the first system to achieve real-time operation, which has enabled fever
screening of employees and guests in arenas, theme parks, airports and other
critical facilities. By leveraging edge computing and 5G, our fever screening
system is able to achieve 98.5% accuracy and is able to process about 5X more
people when compared to a centralized cloud deployment.


  A numerical approach to compute tensor integrals in one-loop calculations is
presented. The algorithm is based on a recursion relation which allows to
express high rank tensor integrals as a function of lower rank ones. At each
level of iteration only inverse square roots of Gram determinants appear. For
the phase-space regions where Gram determinants are so small that numerical
problems are expected, we give general prescriptions on how to construct
reliable approximations to the exact result without performing Taylor
expansions. Working in 4+epsilon dimensions does not require an analytic
separation of ultraviolet and infrared/collinear divergences, and, apart from
trivial integrals that we compute explicitly, no additional ones besides the
standard set of scalar one-loop integrals are needed.


  We study heating effects of a single metallic quantum dot weakly coupled to
two leads. The dominant mechanism for heating at low temperatures is due to
inelastic electron cotunneling processes. We calculate the grain temperature
profile as a function of grain parameters, bias voltage, and time and show that
for nanoscale size grains the heating effects are pronounced and easily
measurable in experiments.


  The number density of local maxima of weak lensing field, referred to as
weak-lensing peak counts, can be used as a cosmological probe. However, its
relevant cosmological information is still unclear. We study the relationship
between the peak counts and other statistics in weak lensing field by using
1000 ray-tracing simulations. We construct a local transformation of lensing
field $\cal K$ to a new Gaussian field $y$, named local-Gaussianized
transformation. We calibrate the transformation with numerical simulations so
that the one-point distribution and the power spectrum of $\cal K$ can be
reproduced from a single Gaussian field $y$ and monotonic relation between $y$
and $\cal K$. Therefore, the correct information of two-point clustering and
any order of moments in weak lensing field should be preserved under
local-Gaussianized transformation. We then examine if local-Gaussianized
transformation can predict weak-lensing peak counts in simulations. The
local-Gaussianized transformation is insufficient to explain weak-lensing peak
counts in the absence of shape noise. The prediction by local-Gaussianized
transformation underestimates the simulated peak counts with a level of
$\sim20-30\%$ over a wide range of peak heights. Local-Gaussianized
transformation can predict the weak-lensing peak counts with a $\sim10\%$
accuracy in the presence of shape noise. Our analyses suggest that the
cosmological information beyond power spectrum and its moments would be
necessary to predict the weak-lensing peak counts with a percent-level
accuracy, which is an expected statistical uncertainty in upcoming wide-field
galaxy surveys.


  By restricting the functional integration to the Regge geometries, we give
the discretized version of the well known path integral formulation of
2--dimensional quantum gravity in the conformal gauge. We analyze the role
played by diffeomorphisms in the Regge framework and we give an exact
expression for the Faddeev--Popov determinant related to a Regge surface; such
an expression in the smooth limit goes over to the correct continuum result.


  Magneto-optical microscopies, including optical measurements of magnetic
circular dichroism, are increasingly ubiquitous tools for probing spin-orbit
coupling, charge-carrier g-factors, and chiral excitations in matter, but the
minimum detectable signal in classical magnetic circular dichroism measurements
is fundamentally limited by the shot-noise limit of the optical readout field.
Here, we use a two-mode squeezed light source to improve the minimum detectable
signal in magnetic circular dichroism measurements by 3 dB compared with
state-of-the-art classical measurements, even with relatively lossy samples
like terbium gallium garnet. We also identify additional opportunities for
improvement in quantum-enhanced magneto-optical microscopies, and we
demonstrate the importance of these approaches for environmentally sensitive
materials and for low temperature measurements where increased optical power
can introduce unacceptable thermal perturbations.


  Within the framework of phenomenological Lagrangians we construct the
effective action of QCD relevant for the study of semileptonic decays of
charmed mesons. Hence we evaluate the form factors of D -> P(0^-) l^+ nu_l at
leading order in the 1/N_C expansion and, by demanding their QCD-ruled
asymptotic behaviour, we constrain the couplings of the Lagrangian. The
features of the model-independent parameterization of form factors provided and
their relevance for the analysis of experimental data are pointed out.


  We present scheme-independent calculations of the anomalous dimensions
$\gamma_{\bar\psi\psi,IR}$ and $\gamma_{\bar\chi\chi,IR}$ of fermion bilinear
operators $\bar\psi\psi$ and $\bar\chi\chi$ at an infrared fixed point in an
asymptotically free SU($N_c$) gauge theory with massless Dirac fermion content
consisting of $N_F$ fermions $\psi^a_i$ in the fundamental representation and
$N_{A_2}$ fermions $\chi^{ab}_j$ in the antisymmetric rank-2 tensor
representation, where $i,j$ are flavor indices. For the case $N_c=4$, $N_F=4$,
and $N_{A_2}=4$, we compare our results with values of these anomalous
dimensions measured in a recent lattice simulation and find agreement.


  Physical health records belong to healthcare providers, but the information
contained within belongs to each patient. In an increasing manner, more
health-related data is being acquired by wearables and other IoT devices
following the ever-increasing trend of the "Quantified Self". Even though data
protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) encourage the usage of privacy-preserving
processing techniques, most of the current IoT infrastructure was not
originally conceived for such purposes. One of the most used communication
protocols, MQTT, is a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol commonly used in
the Edge and IoT applications. In MQTT, the broker must process data on clear
text, hence exposing a large attack surface for a malicious agent to
steal/tamper with this health-related data. In this paper, we introduce MQT-TZ,
a secure MQTT broker leveraging Arm TrustZone, a popular Trusted Execution
Environment (TEE). We define a mutual TLS-based handshake and a two-layer
encryption for end-to-end security using the TEE as a trusted proxy. We provide
quantitative evaluation of our open-source PoC on streaming ECGs in real time
and highlight the trade-offs.


  In the first of these two papers we demonstrated that assuming streams
delineate orbits can lead to order one errors in potential parameters for
realistic Galactic potentials. Motivated by the need for an improvement on
orbit-fitting, we now present an algorithm for constraining the Galactic
potential using tidal streams without assuming that streams delineate orbits.
This approach is independent of the progenitor mass so is valid for all
observed tidal streams. The method makes heavy use of angle-action variables
and seeks the potential which recovers the expected correlations in angle
space. We demonstrate that the method can correctly recover the parameters of a
simple two-parameter logarithmic potential by analysing an N-body simulation of
a stream. We investigate the magnitude of the errors in observational data for
which the method can still recover the correct potential and compare this to
current and future errors in data. The errors in the observables of individual
stars for current and near future data are shown to be too large for the direct
use of this method, but when the data are averaged in bins on the sky, the
resulting averaged data are accurate enough to constrain correctly the
potential parameters for achievable observational errors. From pseudo-data with
errors comparable to those that will be furnished in the era of Gaia (20 per
cent distance errors, 1.2 mas/yr proper motion errors, and 10 km/s
line-of-sight velocity errors) we recover the circular velocity, V_c=220 km/s,
and the flattening of the potential, q=0.9, to be V_c=223+/-10km/s and
q=0.91+/-0.09.


  In this paper, we introduce the notion of completely non-trivial module of a
Lie conformal algebra. By this notion, we classify all finite irreducible
modules of a class of $\mathbb{Z}^+$-graded Lie conformal algebras
$\mathcal{L}=\bigoplus_{i=0}^{\infty} \mathbb{C}[\partial]L_i$ satisfying $
[{L_0}_\lambda L_0]=(\partial+2\lambda)L_0,$ and $[{L_1}_\lambda L_i]\neq 0$
for any $i\in \mathbb{Z}^+$. These Lie conformal algebras include Block type
Lie conformal algebra $\mathcal{B}(p)$ and map Virasoro Lie conformal algebra
$\mathcal{V}(\mathbb{C}[T])=Vir\otimes \mathbb{C}[T]$. As a result, we show
that all non-trivial finite irreducible modules of these algebras are free of
rank one as a $\mathbb{C}[\partial]$-module.


  This paper is concerned with an optimal stock selling rule under a Markov
chain model. The objective is to find an optimal stopping time to sell the
stock so as to maximize an expected return. Solutions to the associated
variational inequalities are obtained. Closed-form solutions are given in terms
of a set of threshold levels. Verification theorems are provided to justify
their optimality. Finally, numerical examples are reported to illustrate the
results.


  We develop Lie's correspondence and an explicit Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff
formula for commutative automorphic formal loops.


  Type IIB toroidal orientifolds are among the earliest examples of flux vacua.
By applying T-duality, we construct the first examples of massive IIA flux
vacua with Minkowski space-times, along with new examples of type IIA flux
vacua. The backgrounds are surprisingly simple with no four-form flux at all.
They serve as illustrations of the ingredients needed to build type IIA and
massive IIA solutions with scale separation. To check that these backgrounds
are actually solutions, we formulate the complete set of type II supergravity
equations of motion in a very useful form that treats the R-R fields
democratically.


  We present spectroscopic follow-up observations of galaxies from the Munich
Near-Infrared Cluster Survey (MUNICS). MUNICS is a wide-field medium-deep
K'-band selected survey covering 1 square degree in the near-infrared K' and J
pass-bands, and 0.35 square degrees in I, R, V, and - recently completed - B.
The spectroscopic sample comprises observations of objects down to a limit of
K' < 17.5 in five survey fields (0.17 square degrees in total), and a sparsely
selected deeper sample (K' < 19.0) constructed in one of the survey patches
(0.03 square degrees). Here we describe the selection procedure of objects for
spectroscopic observations, the observations themselves, the data reduction,
and the construction of the spectroscopic catalogue containing roughly 500
galaxies with secure redshifts. Furthermore we discuss global properties of the
sample like its distribution in colour-redshift space, the accuracy of redshift
determination, and the completeness function of the data. We derive the
rest-frame K'-band luminosity function of galaxies at median redshifts of z =
0.2, z = 0.4, and z = 0.7. We find evidence for mild evolution of magnitudes
(-0.70 mag) and number densities (35 per cent) to redshift one. Furthermore, we
present the rest-frame J-band luminosity function of galaxies at these
redshifts, the first determination of this quantity at higher redshifts, with a
behaviour similar to the K-band luminosity function.


  In this paper, we present a reduced basis method for pricing European and
American options based on the Black-Scholes and Heston model. To tackle each
model numerically, we formulate the problem in terms of a time dependent
variational equality or inequality. We apply a suitable reduced basis approach
for both types of options. The characteristic ingredients used in the method
are a combined POD-Greedy and Angle-Greedy procedure for the construction of
the primal and dual reduced spaces. Analytically, we prove the reproduction
property of the reduced scheme and derive a posteriori error estimators.
Numerical examples are provided, illustrating the approximation quality and
convergence of our approach for the different option pricing models. Also, we
investigate the reliability and effectivity of the error estimators.


  Real-time data-driven optimization and control problems over networks may
require sensitive information of participating users to calculate solutions and
decision variables, such as in traffic or energy systems. Adversaries with
access to coordination signals may potentially decode information on individual
users and put user privacy at risk. We develop local differential privacy,
which is a strong notion that guarantees user privacy regardless of any
auxiliary information an adversary may have, for a larger family of convex
distributed optimization problems. The mechanism allows agent to customize
their own privacy level based on local needs and parameter sensitivities. We
propose a general sampling based approach for determining sensitivity and
derive analytical bounds for specific quadratic problems. We analyze inherent
trade-offs between privacy and suboptimality and propose allocation schemes to
divide the maximum allowable noise, a privacy budget, among all participating
agents. Our algorithm is implemented to enable privacy in distributed optimal
power flow for electric grids.


  We present general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) numerical
simulations of the accretion flow around the supermassive black hole in the
Galactic centre, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). The simulations include for the first
time radiative cooling processes (synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, and inverse
Compton) self-consistently in the dynamics, allowing us to test the common
simplification of ignoring all cooling losses in the modeling of Sgr A*. We
confirm that for Sgr A*, neglecting the cooling losses is a reasonable
approximation if the Galactic centre is accreting below ~10^{-8} Msun/yr i.e.
Mdot < 10^{-7} Mdot_Edd. But above this limit, we show that radiative losses
should be taken into account as significant differences appear in the dynamics
and the resulting spectra when comparing simulations with and without cooling.
This limit implies that most nearby low-luminosity active galactic nuclei are
in the regime where cooling should be taken into account.
  We further make a parameter study of axisymmetric gas accretion around the
supermassive black hole at the Galactic centre. This approach allows us to
investigate the physics of gas accretion in general, while confronting our
results with the well studied and observed source, Sgr A*, as a test case. We
confirm that the nature of the accretion flow and outflow is strongly dependent
on the initial geometry of the magnetic field. For example, we find it
difficult, even with very high spins, to generate powerful outflows from discs
threaded with multiple, separate poloidal field loops.


  We propose a new definition of a transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) wave
function with simpler soft subtraction for $k_T$ factorization of hard
exclusive processes. The un-subtracted wave function involves two pieces of
non-light-like Wilson links oriented in different directions, so that the
rapidity singularity appearing in usual $k_T$ factorization is regularized, and
the pinched singularity from Wilson-link self-energy corrections is alleviated
to a logarithmic one. In particular no soft function is needed, when the two
pieces of Wilson links are orthogonal to each other. We show explicitly at
one-loop level that the simpler definition with the non-dipolar Wilson links
exhibits the same infrared behavior as the one with the dipolar Wilson links
and complicated soft subtraction. It is pointed out that both definitions
reduce to the naive TMD wave function as the non-light-like Wilson links
approach to the light cone. Their equivalence is then extended to all orders by
considering the evolution in the Wilson-link rapidity.


  We realise Buchweitz and Flenner's semiregularity map (and hence a fortiori
Bloch's semiregularity map) for a smooth variety $X$ as the tangent of a
generalised Abel--Jacobi map on the derived moduli stack of perfect complexes
on $X$. The target of this map is an analogue of Deligne cohomology defined in
terms of cyclic homology, and Goodwillie's theorem on nilpotent ideals ensures
that it has the desired tangent space (a truncated de Rham complex).
  Immediate consequences are the semiregularity conjectures: that the
semiregularity maps annihilate all obstructions, and that if $X$ is deformed,
semiregularity measures the failure of the Chern character to remain a Hodge
class. This gives rise to reduced obstruction theories of the type featuring in
the study of reduced Gromov--Witten and Pandharipande--Thomas invariants. We
also give generalisations allowing $X$ to be singular, and even a derived Artin
stack.


  [Abridged] Naturally produced droplets from humans (such as those produced by
breathing, talking, sneezing, and coughing) include several types of cells
(e.g., epithelial cells and cells of the immune system), physiological
electrolytes contained in mucous and saliva (e.g. Na+, K+, Cl-), as well as,
potentially, several infectious agents (e.g. bacteria, fungi, and viruses). In
response to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, which has become a major
public health issue worldwide, we provide a concise overview of airborne germ
transmission as seen from a physics perspective. We study whether coronavirus
aerosols can travel far from the immediate neighborhood and get airborne with
the convective currents developed within confined spaces. We also provide a
recommendation that could help to slow down the spread of the virus.


  Misinformation about climate change causes numerous negative impacts,
necessitating corrective responses. Psychological research has offered various
strategies for reducing the influence of climate misinformation, such as the
fact-myth-fallacy-fact-structure. However, practically implementing corrective
interventions at scale represents a challenge. Automatic detection and
correction of misinformation offers a solution to the misinformation problem.
This study documents the development of large language models that accept as
input a climate myth and produce a debunking that adheres to the
fact-myth-fallacy-fact (``truth sandwich'') structure, by incorporating
contrarian claim classification and fallacy detection into an LLM prompting
framework. We combine open (Mixtral, Palm2) and proprietary (GPT-4) LLMs with
prompting strategies of varying complexity. Experiments reveal promising
performance of GPT-4 and Mixtral if combined with structured prompts. We
identify specific challenges of debunking generation and human evaluation, and
map out avenues for future work. We release a dataset of high-quality
truth-sandwich debunkings, source code and a demo of the debunking system.


  In the present paper, we effect Dirichlet's type of twisted Eulerian
polynomials by using p-adic fermionic q-integral on the p-adic integer ring.
Also, we introduce some new interesting identities for them. As a result of
them, by using contour integral on the generating function of Dirichlet's type
of twisted Eulerian polynomials and so we define twisted Eulerian-L-function
which interpolates of Dirichlet's type of Eulerian polynomials at negative
integers which we state in this paper.


  There is considerable discrepancy between the amount of X-ray absorption and
that inferred from optical (rest frame UV) as measured along gamma-ray burst
(GRB) sight lines, with the former being typically an order of magnitude higher
than what would be expected from the measurement of neutral element species via
optical absorption line spectroscopy. We explore this "missing gas problem" by
using X-ray and optical measurements in a sample of 29 z=0.7-6.3 GRBs from both
spectroscopic data and the afterglow broadband spectral energy distributions.
The low ionisation species detected in the UV are associated with the neutral
interstellar medium in the GRB host galaxy, while soft X-ray absorption, which
is weakly dependent on the ionisation state of the gas, provides a probe of the
total column of gas along the sight line. After careful consideration of any
systematic effects, we find that the neutral gas consists of less than ~10% of
the total gas, and this limit decreases with the more ionised that the X-ray
absorbing gas is, which in our spectral fits is assumed to be neutral. Only a
very small fraction of this ionised gas, however, is detected in UV absorption
lines with ionisation potentials up to ~200eV (i.e. SiIV, CIV, NV, OVI), which
leaves us to postulate that the X-ray excess is due to ultra-highly-ionised,
dense gas in the GRB vicinity.


  We derive three-dimensional, Z(N)-symmetric effective actions in terms of
Polyakov loops by means of strong coupling expansions, starting from thermal
SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions on the lattice. An earlier action in
the literature, corresponding to the (spatial) strong coupling limit, is thus
extended by several higher orders, as well as by additional interaction terms.
We provide analytic mappings between the couplings of the effective theory and
the parameters $N_\tau,\beta$ of the original thermal lattice theory, which can
be systematically improved. We then investigate the deconfinement transition
for the cases SU(2) and SU(3) by means of Monte Carlo simulations of the
effective theory. Our effective models correctly reproduce second order 3d
Ising and first order phase transitions, respectively. Furthermore, we
calculate the critical couplings $\beta_c(N_\tau)$ and find agreement with
results from simulations of the 4d theory at the few percent level for
$N_\tau=4-16$.


  We propose an operationalization of the rural and urban analogy introduced in
Becher and Trowler [2001]. According to them, a specialism is rural if it is
organized into many, smaller topics of research, with higher author mobility
among them, lower rate of collaboration and productivity, lower competition for
resources and citation recognitions compared to an urban specialism. It is
assumed that most humanities specialisms are rural while science specialisms
are in general urban: we set to test this hypothesis empirically. We first
propose an operationalization of the theory in most of its quantifiable
aspects. We then consider specialisms from history, literature, computer
science, biology, astronomy. Our results show that specialisms in the
humanities present a sensibly lower citation and textual connectivity, in
agreement with their organization into more, smaller topics per specialism, as
suggested by the analogy. We argue that the intellectual organization of rural
specialisms might indeed be qualitative different from urban ones, discouraging
the straightforward application of citation-based indicators commonly applied
to urban specialisms without a dedicated re-design in acknowledgement of these
differences.


  In the globular cluster NGC2808, a quasi-standard initial lithium abundance
is derived for a red giant belonging to the `extreme' population, characterized
by a large helium overabundance, and by abundances of proton capture elements
typical of nuclear processing in gas at very high temperatures, where the
initial lithium has been fully destroyed. The observations of lithium in such
extreme cluster stars are important to test different models for the formation
of multiple populations in old Globular Clusters. In the asymptotic giant
branch (AGB) scenario, fresh lithium is synthetized during the initial phases
of hot bottom burning which, afterwards, synthetize the other p-capture
elements. We model the abundance of lithium in the ejecta of superAGB models,
finding values consistent or larger than observed in the `extreme' giant; these
same models describe correctly the magnesium depletion and silicon enrichment
of the extreme population of NGC 2808, so the overall agreement provides
further support to the AGB scenario. In the models involving massive or
supermassive stars, the Lithium observed requires a mixture of the lithium-free
ejecta of the polluting population with more than 40% of standard-lithium
pristine gas. The extended chemical anomalies of NGC 2808 stars are then to be
all explained within at most 60% of the possible dilution range, the initial
helium mass fraction in the ejecta should be Y >= 0.5, to account for the Ye
0.38-0.40 of the extreme population, and further observations of p-process
elements are needed to check the model.


  Acoustic recognition has emerged as a prominent task in deep learning
research, frequently utilizing spectral feature extraction techniques such as
the spectrogram from the Short-Time Fourier Transform and the scalogram from
the Wavelet Transform. However, there is a notable deficiency in studies that
comprehensively discuss the advantages, drawbacks, and performance comparisons
of these methods. This paper aims to evaluate the characteristics of these two
transforms as input data for acoustic recognition using Convolutional Neural
Networks. The performance of the trained models employing both transforms is
documented for comparison. Through this analysis, the paper elucidates the
advantages and limitations of each method, provides insights into their
respective application scenarios, and identifies potential directions for
further research.


  We have studied the adsorption of gas molecules (CO, NO, NO2, O2, N2, CO2,
and NH3) on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) using first principles methods. The
adsorption geometries, adsorption energies, charge transfer, and electronic
band structures are obtained. We find that the electronic and transport
properties of the GNR with armchair-shaped edges are sensitive to the
adsorption of NH3 and the system exhibits n type semiconducting behavior after
NH3 adsorption. Other gas molecules have little effect on modifying the
conductance of GNRs. Quantum transport calculations further indicate that NH3
molecules can be detected out of these gas molecules by GNR based sensor.


  Aiming to mimic the brachiation locomotion of primates, we establish a
brachiation robot model capable of swinging between different bars. The robot's
design is based on a four-link underactuated structure. We propose an offline
trajectory generator with optimization for minimizing energy consumption, which
is implemented by direct collocation method to generate joint-space
trajectories. We also propose a linear Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm
as the feedback controller. The proposed MPC concurrently tracks both
trajectories in joint space and Cartesian space. In simulation experiments, we
analyzed the influence of lower-to-upper arm length ratio and swing time on the
motion performance. The simulation results also demonstrate the robot has
satisfied ability in trajectory tracking, obstacle avoidance and robustness.


  Active Brownian disks moving in two dimensions that exchange information
about their internal state stochastically are chosen to model epidemic spread
in a self-propelled population of agents under the
susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) framework. The state of
infection of an agent, or disk, governs its self-propulsion speed;
consequently, the activity of the agents in the system varies in time. Two
different protocols (one-to-one and one-to-many) are considered for the
transmission of disease from the infected to susceptible populations. The
effectiveness of the two protocols are practically identical at high values of
the infection transmission rate. The one-to-many protocol, however, outperforms
the one-to-one protocol at lower values of the infection transmission rate.
Salient features of the macroscopic SIRS model are revisited, and compared to
predictions from the agent-based model. Lastly, the motility induced phase
separation in a population of such agents with a fluctuating fraction of active
disks is found to be well-described by theories governing phase separation in a
mixture of active and passive particles with a constant fraction of passive
disks.


  With the rapid development of deep learning, deep reinforcement learning
(DRL) began to appear in the field of resource scheduling in recent years.
Based on the previous research on DRL in the literature, we introduce online
resource scheduling algorithm DeepRM2 and the offline resource scheduling
algorithm DeepRM_Off. Compared with the state-of-the-art DRL algorithm DeepRM
and heuristic algorithms, our proposed algorithms have faster convergence speed
and better scheduling efficiency with regarding to average slowdown time, job
completion time and rewards.


  About an essential suggestion to Einstein by Levi-Civita in 1915. Unicuique
suum.


  We demonstrate a tunable Kondo effect realized in small quantum dots. We can
switch our dot from a Kondo impurity to a non-Kondo system as the number of
electrons on the dot is changed from odd to even. We show that the Kondo
temperature can be tuned by means of a gate voltage as a single-particle energy
state nears the Fermi energy. Measurements of the temperature and magnetic
field dependence of a Coulomb-blockaded dot show good agreement with
predictions of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium Kondo effects.


  Under mesoscopic conditions, the transport potential on a thin film with
current is theoretically expected to bear spatial variation due to quantum
interference. Scanning tunneling potentiometry is the ideal tool to investigate
such variation, by virtue of its high spatial resolution. We report in this
{\it Letter} the first detailed measurement of transport potential under
mesoscopic conditions. Epitaxial graphene at a temperature of 17K was chosen as
the initial system for study because the characteristic transport length scales
in this material are relatively large. Tip jumping artifacts are a major
possible contribution to systematic errors; and we mitigate such problems by
using custom-made slender and sharp tips manufactured by focussed ion beam. In
our data, we observe residual resistivity dipoles associated with
topoographical defects, and local peaks and dips in the potential that are not
associated with topographical defects.


  We propose a new Harten-Lax-van Leer discontinuities (HLLD) approximate
Riemann solver to improve the stability of shocks and the accuracy of low-speed
flows in multidimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. Stringent
benchmark tests verify that the new solver is more robust against a numerical
shock instability and is more accurate for low-speed, nearly incompressible
flows than the original solver, whereas additional computational costs are
quite low. The novel ability of the new solver enables us to tackle MHD
systems, including both high and low Mach number flows.


  We describe a semiclassical method to calculate universal transport
properties of chaotic cavities. While the energy-averaged conductance turns out
governed by pairs of entrance-to-exit trajectories, the conductance variance,
shot noise and other related quantities require trajectory quadruplets; simple
diagrammatic rules allow to find the contributions of these pairs and
quadruplets. Both pure symmetry classes and the crossover due to an external
magnetic field are considered.


  Recent progress in the large scale mapping of social networks is opening new
quantitative windows into the structure of human societies. These networks are
largely the result of how we access and utilize information. Here I show that a
universal decision mechanism, where we base our choices upon the actions of
others, can explain much of their structure. Such collective social
arrangements emerge from successful strategies to handle information flow at
the individual level. They include the formation of closely-knit communities
and the emergence of well-connected individuals. The latter can command the
following of others while only exercising ordinary judgement.


  Brushless motors has special place though different motors are available
because of its special features like absence in commutation, reduced noise and
longer lifetime etc., The experimental parameter tracking of BLDC Motor can be
achieved by developing a Reference system and their stability is guaranteed by
adopting Lyapunov Stability theorems. But the stability is guaranteed only if
the adaptive system is incorporated with the powerful and efficient
optimization techniques. In this paper the powerful eagle strategy with
Particle Swarm optimization and Firefly algorithms are applied to evaluate the
performance of brushless motor Where, Eagle Strategy(ES) with the use of Levys
walk distribution function performs diversified global search and the Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Firefly Algorithm(FFA) performs the efficient
intensive local search. The combined operation makes the overall optimization
technique as much convenient The simulation results are obtained by using
MATLAB Simulink software


  The fraction of AGN luminosity obscured by dust and re-emitted in the mid-IR
is critical for understanding AGN evolution, unification, and parsec-scale AGN
physics. For unobscured (Type-1) AGN, where we have a direct view of the
accretion disk, the dust covering factor can be measured by computing the ratio
of re-processed mid-IR emission to intrinsic nuclear bolometric luminosity. We
use this technique to estimate the obscured AGN fraction as a function of
luminosity and redshift for 513 Type-1 AGN from the XMM-COSMOS survey. The
re-processed and intrinsic luminosities are computed by fitting the 18-band
COSMOS photometry with a custom SED-fitting code, which jointly models emission
from: hot-dust in the AGN torus, the accretion disk, and the host-galaxy. We
find a relatively shallow decrease of the luminosity ratio as a function of
Lbol, which we interpret as a corresponding decrease in the obscured fraction.
In the context of the receding torus model, where dust sublimation reduces the
covering factor of more luminous AGN, our measurements require a torus height
which increases with luminosity as h ~ Lbol^{0.3-0.4}. Our obscured
fraction-luminosity relation agrees with determinations from SDSS censuses of
Type-1 and Type-2 quasars, and favors a torus optically thin to mid-IR
radiation. We find a much weaker dependence of obscured fraction on 2-10 keV
luminosity than previous determinations from X-ray surveys, and argue that
X-ray surveys miss a significant population of highly obscured Compton-thick
AGN. Our analysis shows no clear evidence for evolution of obscured fraction
with redshift.


  In order to generate initial data for nonlinear relativistic simulations, one
needs to solve the Einstein constraints, which can be cast into a coupled set
of nonlinear elliptic equations. Here we present an approach for solving these
equations on three-dimensional multi-block domains using finite element
methods. We illustrate our approach on a simple example of Brill wave initial
data, with the constraints reducing to a single linear elliptic equation for
the conformal factor $\psi$. We use quadratic Lagrange elements on
semi-structured simplicial meshes, obtained by triangulation of multi-block
grids. In the case of uniform refinement the scheme is superconvergent at most
mesh vertices, due to local symmetry of the finite element basis with respect
to local spatial inversions. We show that in the superconvergent case
subsequent unstructured mesh refinements do not improve the quality of our
initial data. As proof of concept that this approach is feasible for generating
multi-block initial data in three dimensions, after constructing the initial
data we evolve them in time using a high order finite-differencing multi-block
approach and extract the gravitational waves from the numerical solution.


  High energy (CERN SPS and LHC) inelastic $pp$ ($p\bar p$) scattering is
treated in the framework of additive quark model together with Pomeron exchange
theory. We extract the midrapidity inclusive density of the charged secondaries
produced in a single quark-quark collision and investigate its energy
dependence. Predictions for the $\pi p$ collisions are presented.


  Tuberculosis poses a global health risk and Brazil is among the top twenty
countries by absolute mortality. However, this epidemiological burden is masked
by under-reporting, which impairs planning for effective intervention. We
present a comprehensive investigation and application of a Bayesian
hierarchical approach to modelling and correcting under-reporting in
tuberculosis counts, a general problem arising in observational count data. The
framework is applicable to fully under-reported data, relying only on an
informative prior distribution for the mean reporting rate to supplement the
partial information in the data. Covariates are used to inform both the true
count generating process and the under-reporting mechanism, while also allowing
for complex spatio-temporal structures. We present several sensitivity analyses
based on simulation experiments to aid the elicitation of the prior
distribution for the mean reporting rate and decisions relating to the
inclusion of covariates. Both prior and posterior predictive model checking are
presented, as well as a critical evaluation of the approach.


  Galactic outflows are believed to play a critical role in the evolution of
galaxies by regulating their mass build-up and star formation. Theoretical
models assumes bipolar shapes for the outflows that extends well into the
circumgalctic medium (CGM), up to tens of kpc perpendicular to the galaxies.
They have been directly observed in the local Universe in several individual
galaxies, e.g., around the Milky Way and M82. At higher redshifts, cosmological
simulations of galaxy formation predict an increase in the frequency and
efficiency of galactic outflows due to the increasing star formation activity.
Outflows are responsible for removing potential fuel for star formation from
the galaxy, while at the same enriching the CGM and the intergalactic medium.
These feedback processes, although incorporated as key elements of cosmological
simulations, are still poorly constrained on CGM scales. Here we present an
ultra-deep MUSE image of the mean MgII emission surrounding a sample of
galaxies at z~1 that strongly suggests the presence of outflowing gas on
physical scales of more than 10kpc. We find a strong dependence of the detected
signal on the inclination of the central galaxy, with edge-on galaxies clearly
showing enhanced MgII emission along the minor axis, while face-on galaxies
display much weaker and more isotropic emission. We interpret these findings as
supporting the idea that outflows typically have a bipolar cone geometry
perpendicular to the galactic disk. We demonstrate that the signal is not
dominated by a few outliers. After dividing the galaxy sample in subsamples by
mass, the bipolar emission is only detected in galaxies with stellar mass
$\mathrm{M_* \gtrsim 10^{9.5} M_\odot}$.


  Recent experiments on high density excitons in Cu$_2$O provide evidence for
degenerate quantum statistics and Bose-Einstein condensation of this nearly
ideal gas. We model the time dependence of this bosonic system including
exciton decay mechanisms, energy exchange with phonons, and interconversion
between ortho (triplet-state) and para (singlet-state) excitons, using
parameters for the excitonic decay, the coupling to acoustic and low-lying
optical phonons, Auger recombination, and ortho-para interconversion derived
from experiment. The single adjustable parameter in our model is the
optical-phonon cooling rate for Auger and laser-produced hot excitons. We show
that the orthoexcitons move along the phase boundary without crossing it (i.e.,
exhibit a ``quantum saturation''), as a consequence of the balance of entropy
changes due to cooling of excitons by phonons and heating by the non-radiative
Auger two-exciton recombination process. The Auger annihilation rate for
para-para collisions is much smaller than that for ortho-para and ortho-ortho
collisions, explaining why, under the given experimental conditions, the
paraexcitons condense while the orthoexcitons fail to do so.


  Neutrons produced by the carbon fusion reaction 12C(12C,n)23Mg play an
important role in stellar nucleosynthesis. However, past studies have shown
large discrepancies between experimental data and theory, leading to an
uncertain cross section extrapolation at astrophysical energies. We present the
first direct measurement that extends deep into the astrophysical energy range
along with a new and improved extrapolation technique based on experimental
data from the mirror reaction 12C(12C,p)23Na. The new reaction rate has been
determined with a well-defined uncertainty that exceeds the precision required
by astrophysics models. Using our constrained rate, we find that 12C(12C,n)23Mg
is crucial to the production of Na and Al in Pop-III Pair Instability
Supernovae. It also plays a non-negligible role in the production of weak
s-process elements as well as in the production of the important galactic
gamma-ray emitter 60Fe.


  We study light variability of gravitationally magnified high-redshift star
clusters induced by a foreground population of microlenses. This arises as the
incoherent superposition of light variations from a large number of source
stars traversing the random magnification pattern on the source plane. The
light curve resembles a scale-invariant, Gaussian process on timescales of
years to decades, while exhibits rapid and frequent micro-caustic crossing
flares of larger amplitudes on timescales of days to months. For a concrete
example, we study a young Lyman-continuum-leaking star cluster recently
discovered in the lensed Sunburst Arc at $z=2.37$. We show that one magnified
image happens to be intervened by a faint foreground galaxy, and hence should
exhibit a variable flux at the $1$--$2\%$ level, which is measurable in space
with $\sim 1$--$3\,$ks exposures on the Hubble Space Telescope and more easily
with the James Webb Space Telescope, or from the ground using a $\sim$4-meter
telescope without adaptive optics. Detailed measurement of this variability
will enable us to determine the absolute macro magnification and hence the
intrinsic mass and length scales of the star cluster, test synthetic models of
stellar population, and probe multiplicity of massive stars. We furthermore
suggest that monitoring the other lensed images of the star cluster, which are
free from significant intervention by foreground stellar microlenses, will
allow us to probe planetary to stellar mass compact objects constituting as
little as just a few percent of the dark matter. Given the typical surface
density of intracluster stars, we expect this phenomenon to be relevant for
many other gravitationally magnified star clusters at Cosmic Noon behind galaxy
cluster lenses.


  We discuss various representations of planar $p$-harmonic systems of
equations and their solutions. For coordinate functions of $p$-harmonic maps we
analyze signs of their Hessians, the Gauss curvature of $p$-harmonic surfaces,
the length of level curves as well as we discuss curves of steepest descent.
The isoperimetric inequality for the level curves of coordinate functions of
planar $p$-harmonic maps is proven. Our main techniques involve relations
between quasiregular maps and planar PDEs. We generalize some results due to P.
Lindqvist, G. Alessandrini, G. Talenti and P. Laurence.


  We investigate a model equation in the crystal growth, which is described by
a level-set mean curvature flow equation with driving and source terms. We
establish the well-posedness of solutions, and study the asymptotic speed.
Interestingly, a new type of nonlinear phenomena in terms of asymptotic speed
of solutions appears, which is very sensitive to the shapes of source terms.


  This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to the inconsistency of the
computations used for extra dimensions and the fractal dimensional approach of
the paper.
  An updated version of the paper will be published under a different title.


  We argue that the interaction of stellar wind with the surface of a
circumstellar accretion (or protoplanetary) disk can result in the acceleration
of relativistic electrons in an external layer of the disk, and produce
synchrotron radiation. Conservative estimates give a total synchrotron
luminosity $L_s\sim 10^{-5}\lsun$ for a central star with $\dot M=10^{-6}\msun$
yr$^{-1}$, comparable with the value observed around the TW object in the
W3(OH) region.


  The properties of large-scale galactic outflows, such as their kinetic energy
and momentum rates, correlate with the luminosity of the active galactic
nucleus (AGN). This is well explained by the wind-driven outflow model, where a
fraction of the AGN luminosity drives the outflow. However, significant
departures from these correlations have been observed in a number of galaxies.
This may happen because AGN luminosity varies on a much shorter timescale
($\sim 10^4-10^5$~yr) than outflow properties do ($\sim 10^6$~yr). We
investigate the effect of AGN luminosity variations on outflow properties using
1D numerical simulations. This effect can explain the very weak outflow in PDS
456: if its nucleus is currently much brighter than the long-term average
luminosity, the outflow has not had time to react to this luminosity change.
Conversely, the outflow in Mrk 231 is consistent with being driven by an almost
continuous AGN, while IRAS F11119+3257 represents an intermediate case between
the two. Considering a population of AGN, we find that very low momentum
loading factors $\dot{p}_{\rm out} < L_{\rm AGN}/c$ should be seen in a
significant fraction of objects - up to $15\%$ depending on the properties of
AGN variability and galaxy gas fraction. The predicted distribution of loading
factors is consistent with the available observational data. We discuss how
this model might help constrain the duty cycles of AGN during the period of
outflow inflation, implications for multiphase and spatially distinct outflows,
and suggest ways of improving AGN prescriptions in numerical simulations.


  This paper aims to understand the role of directional material properties on
the mechanical responses of origami structures. We consider the Miura-Ori
structures our target model due to their collapsibility and negative Poisson's
ratio (NPR) effects, which are widely used in shock absorbers, disaster
shelters, aerospace applications, etc. Traditional Miura-Ori structures are
made of isotropic materials (Aluminum, Acrylic), whose mechanical properties
like stiffness and NPR are well understood. However, how these responses are
affected by directional materials, like Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
composites, lacks in-depth understanding. To that end, we study how fiber
directions and arrangements in CFRP composites and Miura-Ori's geometric
parameters control the stiffness and NPR of such structures. Through finite
element analysis, we show that Miura-Ori structures made of CFRP composites can
achieve higher stiffness and Poisson's ratio values than those made of an
isotropic material like Aluminum. Then through regression analysis, we
establish the relationship between different geometric parameters and the
corresponding mechanical responses, which is further utilized to discover the
Miura-Ori structure's optimal shape. We also show that the shear modulus is a
dominant parameter that controls the mechanical responses mentioned above among
the individual composite material properties within the Miura-Ori structure. We
demonstrate that we can optimize the Miura-Ori structure by finding geometric
and material parameters that result in combined stiffest and most compressible
structures. We anticipate our research to be a starting point for designing and
optimizing more sophisticated origami structures with composite materials
incorporated.


  The ample hierarchy of geometries of stables theories is strict. We
generalise the construction of the free pseudospace to higher dimensions and
show that the n-dimensional free pseudospace is \omega-stable n-ample yet not
(n+1)-ample. In particular, the free pseudospace is not 3-ample. A thorough
study of forking is conducted and an explicit description of canonical bases is
exhibited.


  Current approaches for 3D human motion synthesis generate high quality
animations of digital humans performing a wide variety of actions and gestures.
However, a notable technological gap exists in addressing the complex dynamics
of multi human interactions within this paradigm. In this work, we present
ReMoS, a denoising diffusion based model that synthesizes full body reactive
motion of a person in a two person interaction scenario. Given the motion of
one person, we employ a combined spatio temporal cross attention mechanism to
synthesize the reactive body and hand motion of the second person, thereby
completing the interactions between the two. We demonstrate ReMoS across
challenging two person scenarios such as pair dancing, Ninjutsu, kickboxing,
and acrobatics, where one persons movements have complex and diverse influences
on the other. We also contribute the ReMoCap dataset for two person
interactions containing full body and finger motions. We evaluate ReMoS through
multiple quantitative metrics, qualitative visualizations, and a user study,
and also indicate usability in interactive motion editing applications.


  A general maximum principle is proved for optimal controls of abstract
semilinear stochastic evolution equations. The control variable, as well as
linear unbounded operators, acts in both drift and diffusion terms, and the
control set need not be convex.


  We theoretically consider the temporal dynamics of two coupled spin qubits
(e.g., semiconductor quantum dots) driven by the inter-qubit spin-spin
coupling. The presence of environmental noise (e.g., charge traps, nuclear
spins, random magnetic impurities) is accounted for by including random
magnetic field and random inter-qubit coupling terms in the Hamiltonian. Both
Heisenberg coupling and Ising coupling between the spin qubits are considered,
corresponding respectively to exchange and capacitive gates as appropriate for
single spin and singlet-triplet semiconductor qubit systems, respectively. Both
exchange (Heisenberg) and capacitive (Ising) coupling situations can be solved
numerically exactly even in the presence of noise, leading to the key findings
that (i) the steady-state return probability to the initial state remains close
to unity in the presence of strong noise for many, but not all, starting spin
configurations, and (ii) the return probability as a function of time is
oscillatory with a characteristic noise-controlled decay toward the
steady-state value. We also provide results for the magnetization dynamics of
the coupled two-qubit system. Our predicted dynamics can be directly tested in
the already existing semiconductor spin qubit setups providing insight into
their coherent interaction dynamics. Retention of the initial state spin memory
even in the presence of strong environmental noise has important implications
for quantum computation using spin qubits.


  The excitation of the proton into undetected multiparticle states (double
diffraction dissociation) is an important background to single diffractive
deep-inelastic processes $ep \rightarrow e'p'\rho^{0}, ~e'p'J/\Psi, ~e'p'X$ at
HERA. We present estimates of the admixture of the double diffraction
dissociation events in all diffractive events. We find that in the $J/\Psi$
photoproduction, electroproduction of the $\rho^0$ at large $Q^2$ and
diffraction dissociation of real and virtual photons into high mass states $X$
the contamination of the double diffraction dissociation can be as large as
$\sim 30\%$, thus affecting substantially the experimental tests of the pomeron
exchange in deep inelastic scattering at HERA. We discuss a possibility of
tagging the double diffraction dissociation by neutrons observed in the forward
neutron calorimeter. We present evaluations of the spectra of neutrons and
efficiency of neutron tagging based on the experimental data for diffractive
processes in the proton-proton collisions.


  We study the transverse single-spin asymmetry (TSSA) in $p^{\uparrow}p \to
J/\psi X$ reaction, incorporating both transverse-momentum and spin effects. To
predict production cross section of prompt $J/\psi$ we use two different
approaches, the non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization approach and the
Improved Color Evaporation Model (ICEM), and show how the predicted results for
TSSAs depend on choice of hadronization model. For initial-state factorization
we consider two models: the standard Generalized Parton Model (GPM) and the
Colour Gauge-Invariant version of it (CGI-GPM). We demonstrate that PHENIX
collaboration data on TSSA in the process $p^{\uparrow}p \to J/\psi X$
constrain the gluon Sivers function of the proton and rule-out one of existing
parameterizations. Estimates for the TSSAs in $p^{\uparrow}p \to J/\psi X$
process for the conditions of the future SPD NICA experiment are presented for
the first time.


  This work is part of a project on weight bases for the irreducible
representations of semisimple Lie algebras with respect to which the
representation matrices of the Chevalley generators are given by explicit
formulas. In the case of sl_n, the celebrated Gelfand-Tsetlin basis is the only
such basis known. Using the setup of supporting graphs developed by Donnelly,
we present a simple combinatorial proof of the Gelfand-Tsetlin formulas based
on a rational function identity. Some properties of the Gelfand-Tsetlin basis
are derived via an algorithm for solving certain equations on the lattice of
semistandard Young tableaux.


  We introduce motivic analogues of p-adic exponential integrals. We prove a
basic multiplicativity property from which we deduce a motivic analogue of the
Thom-Sebastiani Theorem. In particular, we obtain a new proof of the
Thom-Sebastiani Theorem for the Hodge spectrum of (non isolated) singularities
of functions.


  We present a continuum formulation for $\theta$-vacua in the massive
Schwinger model on the light-front, where $\theta$ enters as a background
electric field. The effective coupling of the external field is partially
screened due to vacuum polarization processes. For small fermion masses and
small $\theta$ we calculate the mass of the meson and find agreement with
results from bosonization.


  The inclusive b-jet production cross section in pp collisions at a
center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is measured using data collected by the CMS
experiment at the LHC. The cross section is presented as a function of the jet
transverse momentum in the range 18 < pT < 200 GeV for several rapidity
intervals. The results are also given as the ratio of the b-jet production
cross section to the inclusive jet production cross section. The measurement is
performed with two different analyses, which differ in their trigger selection
and b-jet identification: a jet analysis that selects events with a b jet using
a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 inverse picobarns, and
a muon analysis requiring a b jet with a muon based on an integrated luminosity
of 3 inverse picobarns. In both approaches the b jets are identified by
requiring a secondary vertex. The results from the two methods are in agreement
with each other and with next-to-leading order calculations, as well as with
predictions based on the PYTHIA event generator.


  We present new X-ray and optical spectroscopy of a Type 2 quasar candidate
selected from a follow-up program of hard, optically-dim, serendipitous Chandra
sources. The source is confirmed to be a Type 2 quasar at z=0.536 with an
intrinsic 2-10 keV luminosity L_{2-10}=5x10^{44} h_{0.7}^{-2} erg/s, an
absorbing column density N_H=8x10^{23} cm^{-2} and a neutral Fe K alpha line
detected by XMM-Newton EPIC-MOS1 as well as Chandra ACIS-S. An extended optical
forbidden emission line cloud is detected at the same redshift, and at about 15
kpc in projected separation. This cloud lies in close proximity to the peak of
the compact steep spectrum radio source 4C+39.29, which has previously been
identified with a foreground galaxy in the cluster Abell 963. We present
evidence to show that 4C+39.29 is associated with the background X-ray Type 2
quasar. The radio luminosity is dominated by lobes with complex structure and
the radio core is weak in comparison to narrow-line radio galaxies at the same
X-ray luminosity. The morphology and emission line properties of the extended
region are consistent with an on-going jet-cloud interaction. 4C+39.29
possesses a combination of high power and high absorbing column density
compared with other X-ray Type 2 quasars in the literature. These observations
highlight the efficacy of using X-rays to identify the primary energy source of
complex radio sources and distant obscured AGN.


  Using two different pseudo-Schwarzschild potentials proposed by Artemova et.
al,$^{1}$ we formulate and solve the equations governing spherically symmetric
transonic inflow and outflow in presence of a relativistic hadronic pressure
mediated steady, standing, spherical shock around the central compact object
and then we self-consistently connect the accretion-wind solutions to calculate
the mass outflow rate $R_{\dot m}$ in terms of minimum number of flow
parameters. Also we study the dependence of this rate on various boundary
conditions governing the flow.


  The role of auxiliary photons in the problem of identifying a state secretly
chosen from a given set of L-photon states is analyzed. It is shown that
auxiliary photons do not increase the ability to discriminate such states by
means of a global measurement using only optical linear elements, conditional
transformation and auxiliary photons.


  We propose that classical random matrix models are properly viewed as finite
difference schemes for stochastic differential operators. Three particular
stochastic operators commonly arise, each associated with a familiar class of
local eigenvalue behavior. The stochastic Airy operator displays soft edge
behavior, associated with the Airy kernel. The stochastic Bessel operator
displays hard edge behavior, associated with the Bessel kernel. The article
concludes with suggestions for a stochastic sine operator, which would display
bulk behavior, associated with the sine kernel.


  In arXiv:1201.4067 and arXiv:1611.08030, Eyink and Shi and Chibbaro et al.,
respectively, formally derived an infinite, coupled hierarchy of equations for
the spectral correlation functions of a system of weakly interacting nonlinear
dispersive waves with random phases in the standard kinetic limit. Analogously
to the relationship between the Boltzmann hierarchy and Boltzmann equation,
this spectral hierarchy admits a special class of factorized solutions, where
each factor is a solution to the wave kinetic equation (WKE). A question left
open by these works and highly relevant for the mathematical derivation of the
WKE is whether solutions of the spectral hierarchy are unique, in particular
whether factorized initial data necessarily lead to factorized solutions. In
this article, we affirmatively answer this question in the case of 4-wave
interactions by showing, for the first time, that this spectral hierarchy is
well-posed in an appropriate function space. Our proof draws on work of Chen
and Pavlovi\'{c} for the Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy in quantum many-body theory
and of Germain et al. for the well-posedness of the WKE.


  We study the influence of Gribov copies, in the Landau gauge, on the lattice
renormalisation constant of the axial current, obtained from a Ward identity on
quark state correlation functions, with the Clover action, in quenched SU(3)
gauge theory. A comparison between the gauge invariant determination of the
renorma= lization constant and the gauge dependent one is discussed. We find
that the residual gauge freedom associated to Gribov copies induces observable
effects, which, at the level of numerical accuracy of our simulation, are
included in the statistical uncertainty inherent in a Monte Carlo simulation.
Doubling the statistics suggests that the fluctuation due to the lattice Gribov
ambiguity scales down at least as fast as a pure statistical error.


  Authenticated data structures provide cryptographic proofs that their answers
are as accurate as the author intended, even if the data structure is being
controlled by a remote untrusted host. We present efficient techniques for
authenticating data structures that represent graphs and collections of
geometric objects. We introduce the path hash accumulator, a new primitive
based on cryptographic hashing for efficiently authenticating various
properties of structured data represented as paths, including any decomposable
query over sequences of elements. We show how to employ our primitive to
authenticate queries about properties of paths in graphs and search queries on
multi-catalogs. This allows the design of new, efficient authenticated data
structures for fundamental problems on networks, such as path and connectivity
queries over graphs, and complex queries on two-dimensional geometric objects,
such as intersection and containment queries.


  In this work we investigate the energy gap between the ground state and the
first excited state in a model of two single-mode Bose-Einstein condensates
coupled via Josephson tunneling. The energy gap is never zero when the
tunneling interaction is non-zero. The gap exhibits no local minimum below a
threshold coupling which separates a delocalised phase from a self-trapping
phase which occurs in the absence of the external potential. Above this
threshold point one minimum occurs close to the Josephson regime, and a set of
minima and maxima appear in the Fock regime. Analytic expressions for the
position of these minima and maxima are obtained. The connection between these
minima and maxima and the dynamics for the expectation value of the relative
number of particles is analysed in detail. We find that the dynamics of the
system changes as the coupling crosses these points.


  We present TRIQS/CTHYB, a state-of-the art open-source implementation of the
continuous-time hybridisation expansion quantum impurity solver of the TRIQS
package. This code is mainly designed to be used with the TRIQS library in
order to solve the self-consistent quantum impurity problem in a multi-orbital
dynamical mean field theory approach to strongly-correlated electrons, in
particular in the context of realistic calculations. It is implemented in C++
for efficiency and is provided with a high-level Python interface. The code is
ships with a new partitioning algorithm that divides the local Hilbert space
without any user knowledge of the symmetries and quantum numbers of the
Hamiltonian. Furthermore, we implement higher-order configuration moves and
show that such moves are necessary to ensure ergodicity of the Monte Carlo in
common Hamiltonians even without symmetry-breaking.


  The discovery of a heavy Higgs boson with mass up to m_H = 1 TeV at the CERN
LHC is possible in the H--> W^+W^- --> l nu jj decay mode. The weak boson
scattering signal and backgrounds from t\bar tjj and from W+jets production are
analyzed with parton level Monte Carlo programs which are built on full tree
level amplitudes for all subprocesses. The use of double jet tagging and the
reconstruction of the W invariant mass reduce the combined backgrounds to the
same level as the Higgs signal. A central mini-jet veto, which distinguishes
the different gluon radiation patterns of the hard processes, further improves
the signal to background ratio to about 2.5:1, with a signal cross section of 1
fb. The jet energy asymmetry of the W --> jj decay will give a clear signature
of the longitudinal polarization of the W's in the final event sample.