  A method for combinatorial sputter deposition of thin films on microparticles
is presented. The method is developed for a laboratory-scale magnetron sputter
system and uses a piezoelectric actuator to agitate the microparticles through
oscillation. Custom-made components enable to agitate up to nine separate
batches of particles simultaneously. Due to the agitation, the whole surface of
the particles can be exposed to the sputter flux and thus can be completely
covered with a thin film. By sputtering a CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy target,
separate batches of polystyrene microspheres (500 um monodisperse diameter), Fe
alloy particles (300 um mean size) and NaCl salt particles (350 um mean size)
were simultaneously coated with a homogeneous thin film. In contrast, a
CrMnFeCoNi thin film that was deposited on agglomerating Al particles (5 um
mean size) only partially covers the surface of the particles. By co-sputtering
a CrMn, an FeCo and a Ni target, nine separate batches of Al particles (25 um
mean size) were coated with a CrMnFeCoNi thin film with a composition gradient.
These depositions demonstrate the ability to coat different types of particles
with uniform films (from elemental to multinary compositions) and to deposit
films with composition gradients on uniform particles.


  The method of self-similar factor approximants is shown to be very convenient
for solving different evolution equations and boundary-value problems typical
of physical applications. The method is general and simple, being a
straightforward two-step procedure. First, the solution to an equation is
represented as an asymptotic series in powers of a variable. Second, the series
are summed by means of the self-similar factor approximants. The obtained
expressions provide highly accurate approximate solutions to the considered
equations. In some cases, it is even possible to reconstruct exact solutions
for the whole region of variables, starting from asymptotic series for small
variables. This can become possible even when the solution is a transcendental
function. The method is shown to be more simple and accurate than different
variants of perturbation theory with respect to small parameters, being
applicable even when these parameters are large. The generality and accuracy of
the method are illustrated by a number of evolution equations as well as
boundary value problems.


  In the context of investigations of possible highly relativistic motions of a
spinning particle in the gravitational field, which can be described by the
Mathisson equations under different supplementary condition, we analyze the
circular orbits in a Schwarzschild field. The very orbits most clearly
demonstrate the effect of the gravitational spin-orbit interaction on the
particle's motion. It is shown that the Mathisson equations under the
Frenkel-Mathisson and Tulczyjew-Dixon conditions have the common solutions
describing the highly relativistic circular orbits in the region
$r=3M(1+\delta), |\delta|\ll 1$. These orbits essentially differ from the
geodesic circular orbits in the same region, particularly by the value of the
particle's energy on the corresponding orbits.


  Formulate the problem as follows. Split a file into n pieces so that it can
be restored without any m parts (1<=m<=n). Such problems are called problems
secret sharing. There exists a set of methods for solving such problems, but
they all require a fairly large number of calculations applied to the problem
posed above. The proposed method does not require calculations, and requires
only the operations of the division of the file into equal (nearly equal) parts
and gluing them in a certain order in one or more files.


  Exoplanet properties crucially depend on their host stars' parameters. In
case the exoplanet host star shows pulsations, asteroseismology can be used for
an improved description of the stellar parameters. We aim to revisit the
pulsational properties of beta Pic and identify its pulsation modes from
normalised amplitudes in five different passbands. We also investigate the
potential presence of a magnetic field. We conduct a frequency analysis using
three seasons of BRITE-Constellation observations in the BRITE blue and red
filters, the ~620-day long bRing light curve and the nearly 8-year long SMEI
photometric time series. We calculate normalised amplitudes using all passbands
including previously published values obtained from ASTEP observations. We
investigate the magnetic properties of beta Pic using spectropolarimetric
observations conducted with the HARPSpol instrument. Using 2D rotating models,
we fit the normalised amplitudes and frequencies through Monte Carlo Markov
Chains. We identify 15 pulsation frequencies in the range from 34 to 55c/d,
where two display clear amplitude variability. We use the normalised amplitudes
in up to five passbands to identify the modes as three l = 1, six l = 2 and six
l = 3 modes. beta Pic is shown to be non-magnetic with an upper limit of the
possible undetected dipolar field of 300G. Multiple fits to the frequencies and
normalised amplitudes are obtained including one with a near equator-on
inclination for beta Pic, which corresponds to our expectations based on the
orbital inclination of beta Pic b and the orientation of the circumstellar
disk. This solution leads to a rotation rate of 27% of the Keplerian break-up
velocity, a radius of 1.497+-0.025Rsun, and a mass of 1.797+-0.035Msun. The ~2%
errors in radius and mass do not account for uncertainties in the models and a
potentially erroneous mode-identification.


  We present the results of training a large trajectory model using real-world
user check-in data. Our approach follows a pre-train and fine-tune paradigm,
where a base model is pre-trained via masked trajectory modeling and then
adapted through fine-tuning for various downstream tasks. To address challenges
posed by noisy data and large spatial vocabularies, we propose a novel spatial
tokenization block. Our empirical analysis utilizes a comprehensive dataset of
over 2 billion check-ins generated by more than 6 million users. Through
fine-tuning on 3 downstream tasks we demonstrate that our base model has
effectively learned valuable underlying patterns in raw data, enabling its
application in meaningful trajectory intelligence tasks. Despite some
limitations, we believe this work represents an important step forward in the
realization of a foundation model for trajectory intelligence.


  We develop a method to derive the exact formula of entanglement entropy for
generic inhomogeneous conformal field theory (CFT) quantum quenches with open
boundary condition (OBC), which characterizes the generic boundary effect
unresolved by analytical methods in the past. We identify the generic OBC
quenches with Euclidean path integrals in complicated spacetime geometries, and
we show that a special class of OBC quenches, including the M\"obius and
sine-square-deformation quenches, have simple boundary effects calculable from
Euclidean path integrals in a simple strip spacetime geometry. We verify that
our generic CFT formula matches well with free fermion tight-binding model
numerical calculations for various quench problems with OBC. Our method can be
easily generalized to calculate any local quantities expressible as one-point
functions in such quantum quench problems.


  We study the q-deformed fuzzy sphere, which is related to D-branes on SU(2)
WZW models, for both real q and q a root of unity. We construct for both cases
a differential calculus which is compatible with the star structure, study the
integral, and find a canonical frame of one-forms. We then consider actions for
scalar field theory, as well as for Yang-Mills and Chern-Simons-type gauge
theories. The zero curvature condition is solved.


  Document-level multi-event extraction aims to extract the structural
information from a given document automatically. Most recent approaches usually
involve two steps: (1) modeling entity interactions; (2) decoding entity
interactions into events. However, such approaches ignore a global view of
inter-dependency of multiple events. Moreover, an event is decoded by
iteratively merging its related entities as arguments, which might suffer from
error propagation and is computationally inefficient. In this paper, we propose
an alternative approach for document-level multi-event extraction with event
proxy nodes and Hausdorff distance minimization. The event proxy nodes,
representing pseudo-events, are able to build connections with other event
proxy nodes, essentially capturing global information. The Hausdorff distance
makes it possible to compare the similarity between the set of predicted events
and the set of ground-truth events. By directly minimizing Hausdorff distance,
the model is trained towards the global optimum directly, which improves
performance and reduces training time. Experimental results show that our model
outperforms previous state-of-the-art method in F1-score on two datasets with
only a fraction of training time.


  High-resolution R~50 000 long-slit spectroscopy of the inner knots of the
highly symmetrical protostellar outflow HH 212 was obtained in the 1-0 S(1)
line of H2 at 2.12 micron with a spatial resolution of ~0.45 arcsec. At the
resulting velocity resolution of ~6 km s-1, multiple slit oriented observations
of the northern first knot NK1 clearly show double-peaked line profiles
consistent with either a radiative bow shock or dual (forward and reverse)
shocks. In contrast, the velocity distribution of the southern first knot SK1
remains single-peaked, suggesting a significantly lower jet velocity and
possibly a different density variation in the jet pulses in the southern flow
compared to the northern flow. Comparison with a semi-empirical analytical
model of bow shock emission allows us to constrain parameters such as the bow
inclination to the line of sight, the bow shock and jet velocities for each
flow. Although a few features are not reproduced by this model, it confirms the
presence of several dynamical and kinematical asymmetries between opposite
sides of the HH 212 bipolar jet. The position-velocity diagrams of both knots
exhibit complex dynamics that are broadly consistent with emission from a bow
shock and/or jet shock, which does not exclude jet rotation, although a clear
signature of jet rotation in HH 212 is missing. Alternative interpretations of
the variation of radial velocity across these knots, such as a variation in the
jet orientation, as well as for the velocity asymmetries between the flows, are
also considered. The presence of a correlation between flow velocity and
collimation in each flow is suggested.


  Consider a component of the Hilbert scheme whose general point corresponds to
a degree d genus g smooth irreducible and nondegenerate curve in a projective
variety X. We give lower bounds for the dimension of such a component when X is
P^3, P^4 or a smooth quadric threefold in P^4 respectively. Those bounds make
sense from the asymptotic viewpoint if we fix d and let g vary. Some examples
are constructed using determinantal varieties to show the sharpness of the
bounds for d and g in a certain range. The results can also be applied to study
rigid curves.


  We argue that string theory should have a formulation for which stability and
causality are evident. Rather than regard strings as fundamental objects, we
suggest they should be regarded as composite systems of more fundamental
point-like objects. A tentative scheme for such a reinterpretation is described
along the lines of 't Hooft's $1/N$ expansion and the light-cone
parametrization of the string.


  Internet-of-Things (IoT) is omnipresent, ranging from home solutions to
turning wheels for the fourth industrial revolution. This article presents the
novel concept of Internet-of-Agro-Things (IoAT) with an example of automated
plant disease prediction. It consists of solar enabled sensor nodes which help
in continuous sensing and automating agriculture. The existing solutions have
implemented a battery powered sensor node. On the contrary, the proposed system
has adopted the use of an energy efficient way of powering using solar energy.
It is observed that around 80% of the crops are attacked with microbial
diseases in traditional agriculture. To prevent this, a health maintenance
system is integrated with the sensor node, which captures the image of the crop
and performs an analysis with the trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
model. The deployment of the proposed system is demonstrated in a real-time
environment using a microcontroller, solar sensor nodes with a camera module,
and an mobile application for the farmers visualization of the farms. The
deployed prototype was deployed for two months and has achieved a robust
performance by sustaining in varied weather conditions and continued to remain
rust-free. The proposed deep learning framework for plant disease prediction
has achieved an accuracy of 99.2% testing accuracy.


  In this paper, we will show methods to interpret some rigid origami with
higher degree vertices as the limit case of structures with degree-4
supplementary angle vertices. The interpretation is based on separating each
crease into two parallel creases, or \emph{double lines}, connected by
additional structures at the vertex. We show that double-lined versions of
degree-4 flat-foldable vertices possess a rigid folding motion, as do symmetric
degree-$2n$ vertices. The latter gives us a symbolic analysis of the original
vertex, showing that the tangent of the quarter fold angles are proportional to
each other. The double line method is also a potentially useful in giving
thickness to rigid origami mechanisms. By making single crease into two
creases, the fold angles can be distributed to avoid $180^\circ$ folds, when
panels can easily collide with each other. This can be understood as an
extension of the crease offset method of thick rigid origami with an additional
guarantee of rigid-foldability.


  Using a single particle density distribution for a system of self-gravitating
particles which ultimately forms a black hole, we from a condensed matter point
of view derive the Schwarzschild radius and by including the quantum mechanical
exchange energy we find a small correction to the Schwarzschild radius, which
we designate as the skin of the black hole.


  In this paper we study aspects of top tagging from first principles of QCD.
We find that the method known as the CMS top tagger becomes collinear unsafe at
high $p_t$ and propose variants thereof which are IRC safe, and hence suitable
for analytical studies, while giving a comparable performance to the CMS
tagger. We also develop new techniques to identify three-pronged jet
substructure, based on adaptations of the Y-splitter method and its combination
with grooming. A novel feature of our studies, relative to previous
calculations of two-pronged substructure, is our use of triple-collinear
splitting functions, which owes to the presence of two mass scales of the same
order, $m_t$ and $m_W$, in the signal jet. We carry out leading logarithmic
resummed calculations for the various top-taggers, for both background and
signal jets, and compare the results to those from parton showers. We also
identify and comment on the main features driving tagger performance at high
$p_t$ and discuss the role of non-perturbative effects.


  Fractals emerge everywhere in nature, exhibiting intricate geometric
complexities through the self-organizing patterns that span across multiple
scales. Here, we investigate beyond steady-states the interplay between this
geometry and the vanishing dynamics, through phase-transitional thermal melting
and hydrodynamic void collapse, within fractional continuous models. We present
general analytical expressions for estimating vanishing times with their
applicability contingent on the fractality of space. We apply our findings on
the fractal environments crucial for plant growth: natural soils. We focus on
the transport phenomenon of cavity shrinkage in incompressible fluid,
conducting a numerical study beyond the inviscid limit. We reveal how a minimal
collapsing time can emerge through a non-trivial coupling between the fluid
viscosity and the surface fractal dimension.


  We argue that the rolling-tachyon solution in cubic OSFT proceeds at late
times to precisely the analytic tachyon-vacuum solution constructed by Schnabl.
In addition, we demonstrate the relationship between the rolling-tachyon
solution and the standard BCFT description by showing that there is a finite
gauge transformation which relates the two.


  We study stability of a spherical vortex introduced by M. Hill in 1894, which
is an explicit solution of the three-dimensional incompressible Euler
equations. The flow is axi-symmetric with no swirl, the vortex core is simply a
ball sliding on the axis of symmetry with a constant speed, and the vorticity
in the core is proportional to the distance from the symmetry axis. We use the
variational setting introduced by A. Friedman and B. Turkington (Trans. Amer.
Math. Soc., 1981), which produced a maximizer of the kinetic energy under
constraints on vortex strength, impulse, and circulation. We match the set of
maximizers with the Hill's vortex via the uniqueness result of C. Amick and L.
Fraenkel (Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 1986). The matching process is done by an
approximation near exceptional points (so-called metrical boundary points) of
the vortex core. As a consequence, the stability up to a translation is
obtained by using a concentrated compactness method.


  In this note we show that Kadison's similarity problem for C*-algebras is
equivalent to a problem in perturbation theory: must close C*-algebras have
close commutants?


  The S0 galaxy NGC 3245 contains a circumnuclear disk of ionized gas and dust
with a radius of 1.1" (110 pc), making it an ideal target for dynamical studies
with the Hubble Space Telescope. We have obtained spectra of the nuclear disk
with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, using an 0.2"-wide slit at five
parallel positions. Measurements of the H-alpha and [N II] emission lines are
used to map out the kinematic structure of the disk in unprecedented detail.
The data reveal a rotational velocity field with a steep velocity gradient
across the innermost 0.4". We construct dynamical models for a thin gas disk in
circular rotation, using HST optical images to map out the gravitational
potential due to stars. The H-alpha+[N II] surface brightness measured from an
HST narrow-band image is folded into the models, and we demonstrate that many
of the apparent small-scale irregularities in the observed velocity curves are
the result of the patchy distribution of emission-line surface brightness. A
central dark mass of (2.1+/-0.5)x10^8 solar masses is required for the models
to reproduce the steep central velocity gradient. This value for the central
mass is consistent with recently discovered correlations between black-hole
mass and bulge velocity dispersion.


  Despite the biological importance of non-coding RNA, their structural
characterization remains challenging. Making use of the rapidly growing
sequence databases, we analyze nucleotide coevolution across homologous
sequences via Direct-Coupling Analysis to detect nucleotide-nucleotide
contacts. For a representative set of riboswitches, we show that the results of
Direct-Coupling Analysis in combination with a generalized Nussinov algorithm
systematically improve the results of RNA secondary structure prediction beyond
traditional covariance approaches based on mutual information. Even more
importantly, we show that the results of Direct-Coupling Analysis are enriched
in tertiary structure contacts. By integrating these predictions into molecular
modeling tools, systematically improved tertiary structure predictions can be
obtained, as compared to using secondary structure information alone.


  This Mathematica 5.2 package~\footnote{QDENSITY is available at
http://www.pitt.edu/~tabakin/QDENSITY} is a simulation of a Quantum Computer.
The program provides a modular, instructive approach for generating the basic
elements that make up a quantum circuit. The main emphasis is on using the
density matrix, although an approach using state vectors is also implemented in
the package. The package commands are defined in {\it Qdensity.m} which
contains the tools needed in quantum circuits, e.g. multiqubit kets,
projectors, gates, etc. Selected examples of the basic commands are presented
here and a tutorial notebook, {\it Tutorial.nb} is provided with the package
(available on our website) that serves as a full guide to the package. Finally,
application is made to a variety of relevant cases, including Teleportation,
Quantum Fourier transform, Grover's search and Shor's algorithm, in separate
notebooks: {\it QFT.nb}, {\it Teleportation.nb}, {\it Grover.nb} and {\it
Shor.nb} where each algorithm is explained in detail. Finally, two examples of
the construction and manipulation of cluster states, which are part of ``one
way computing" ideas, are included as an additional tool in the notebook {\it
Cluster.nb}. A Mathematica palette containing most commands in QDENSITY is also
included: {\it QDENSpalette.nb} .


  Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults and can
be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Radiologists,
neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, and radiation oncologists rely on
multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for diagnosis, treatment planning, and longitudinal
treatment monitoring; yet automated, objective, and quantitative tools for
non-invasive assessment of meningiomas on mpMRI are lacking. The BraTS
meningioma 2023 challenge will provide a community standard and benchmark for
state-of-the-art automated intracranial meningioma segmentation models based on
the largest expert annotated multilabel meningioma mpMRI dataset to date.
Challenge competitors will develop automated segmentation models to predict
three distinct meningioma sub-regions on MRI including enhancing tumor,
non-enhancing tumor core, and surrounding nonenhancing T2/FLAIR hyperintensity.
Models will be evaluated on separate validation and held-out test datasets
using standardized metrics utilized across the BraTS 2023 series of challenges
including the Dice similarity coefficient and Hausdorff distance. The models
developed during the course of this challenge will aid in incorporation of
automated meningioma MRI segmentation into clinical practice, which will
ultimately improve care of patients with meningioma.


  This paper introduces a novel approach of utilizing the reconfigurable
intelligent surface (RIS) for joint data modulation and signal beamforming in a
multi-user downlink cellular network by leveraging the idea of backscatter
communication. We present a general framework in which the RIS, referred to as
modulating intelligent surface (MIS) in this paper, is used to: i) beamform the
signals for a set of users whose data modulation is already performed by the
base station (BS), and at the same time, ii) embed the data of a different set
of users by passively modulating the deliberately sent carrier signals from the
BS to the RIS. To maximize each user's spectral efficiency, a joint non-convex
optimization problem is formulated under the sum minimum mean-square error
(MMSE) criterion. Alternating optimization is used to divide the original joint
problem into two tasks of: i) separately optimizing the MIS phase-shifts for
passive beamforming along with data embedding for the BS- and MIS-served users,
respectively, and ii) jointly optimizing the active precoder and the receive
scaling factor for the BS- and MIS-served users, respectively. While the
solution to the latter joint problem is found in closed-form using traditional
optimization techniques, the optimal phase-shifts at the MIS are obtained by
deriving the appropriate optimization-oriented vector approximate message
passing (OOVAMP) algorithm. Moreover, the original joint problem is solved
under both ideal and practical constraints on the MIS phase shifts, namely, the
unimodular constraint and assuming each MIS element to be terminated by a
variable reactive load. The proposed MIS-assisted scheme is compared against
state-of-the-art RIS-assisted wireless communication schemes and simulation
results reveal that it brings substantial improvements in terms of system
throughput while supporting a much higher number of users.


  We present the results of low lying excitation of coupled optical cavity
arrays. We derive the Dirac equation for this system and explain the existence
of Majorana fermion mode in the system. We present quite a few analytical
relations between the Rabi frequency oscillation and the atom-photon coupling
strength to achieve the different physical situation of our study and also the
condition for massless excitation in the system. We present several analytical
relations between the Dirac spinor field, order and disorder operators for our
systems. We also show that the Luttinger liquid physics is one of the intrinsic
concept in our system.


  In this work, we present the formation and characterization of a quaternary
(pseudo ternary) icosahedral quasicrystal in Al65Ga5Pd17Mn13 alloy. The X ray
diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of
icosahedral B2 type and O crystalline (orthorhombic structure) phases in as
cast alloy. The icosahedral phase gets formed after annealing at 800 C for 60
hours. The formation of icosahedral phase in AlGaPdMn quaternary alloy by
present technique has been studied for the first time. The Energy dispersive
X-ray analysis investigations suggest the presence of Ga (5 at) in the alloy.
It is interesting to note that pseudo twelve fold pattern in the as cast alloy
has been observed. Icosahedral AlGaPdMn provides a new opportunity to
investigate the various characteristics including surface characteristics.
Attempts will be made to discuss the micromechanisms for the formation of
quasicrystalline phase in Al-Ga-Pd-Mn alloys.


  In the context of assessing and characterizing structures in X-ray images, we
compare different approaches. Most often the intensity level is very low and
necessitates a special treatment of Poisson statistics. The method based on
wavelet function histogram is shown to be the most reliable one. We also
present a multi-resolution filtering method based on the wavelet coefficients
detection. Comparative results are presented by means of a simulated cluster of
galaxies.


  We present an analysis of the deepest Herschel images in four major
extragalactic fields GOODS-North, GOODS-South, UDS and COSMOS obtained within
the GOODS-Herschel and CANDELS-Herschel key programs. The picture provided by
10497 individual far-infrared detections is supplemented by the stacking
analysis of a mass-complete sample of 62361 star-forming galaxies from the
CANDELS-HST H band-selected catalogs and from two deep ground-based Ks
band-selected catalogs in the GOODS-North and the COSMOS-wide fields, in order
to obtain one of the most accurate and unbiased understanding to date of the
stellar mass growth over the cosmic history. We show, for the first time, that
stacking also provides a powerful tool to determine the dispersion of a
physical correlation and describe our method called "scatter stacking" that may
be easily generalized to other experiments. We demonstrate that galaxies of all
masses from z=4 to 0 follow a universal scaling law, the so-called main
sequence of star-forming galaxies. We find a universal close-to-linear slope of
the logSFR-logM* relation with evidence for a flattening of the main sequence
at high masses (log(M*/Msun) > 10.5) that becomes less prominent with
increasing redshift and almost vanishes by z~2. This flattening may be due to
the parallel stellar growth of quiescent bulges in star-forming galaxies.
Within the main sequence, we measure a non varying SFR dispersion of 0.3 dex.
The specific SFR (sSFR=SFR/M*) of star-forming galaxies is found to
continuously increase from z=0 to 4. Finally we discuss the implications of our
findings on the cosmic SFR history and show that more than 2/3 of present-day
stars must have formed in a regime dominated by the main sequence mode. As a
consequence we conclude that, although omnipresent in the distant Universe,
galaxy mergers had little impact in shaping the global star formation history
over the last 12.5 Gyr.


  We analyze the pressure-driven flow of a viscoelastic fluid in arbitrarily
shaped, narrow channels and present a theoretical framework for calculating the
relationship between the flow rate $q$ and pressure drop $\Delta p$. We utilize
the Oldroyd-B model and first identify the characteristic scales and
dimensionless parameters governing the flow in the lubrication limit. Employing
a perturbation expansion in powers of the Deborah number ($De$), we provide
analytical expressions for the velocity, stress, and the $q-\Delta p$ relation
in the weakly viscoelastic limit up to $O(De^2)$. Furthermore, we exploit the
reciprocal theorem derived by Boyko $\&$ Stone (Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 6,
2021, pp. L081301) to obtain the $q-\Delta p$ relation at the next order,
$O(De^3)$, using only the velocity and stress fields at the previous orders. We
validate our analytical results with two-dimensional numerical simulations of
the Oldroyd-B fluid in a hyperbolic, symmetric contracting channel and find
excellent agreement. For the flow-rate-controlled situation, both our theory
and simulations reveal weak dependence of the velocity field on the Deborah
number, so that the velocity can be approximated as Newtonian. In contrast to
the velocity, the pressure drop strongly depends on the viscoelastic effects
and decreases with $De$. Elucidating the relative importance of different terms
in the momentum equation contributing to the pressure drop, we identify that a
pressure drop reduction for narrow contracting geometries is primarily due to
gradients in the viscoelastic shear stresses, while viscoelastic axial stresses
have a minor effect on the pressure drop along the symmetry line.


  Data sharing in the medical image analysis field has potential yet remains
underappreciated. The aim is often to share datasets efficiently with other
sites to train models effectively. One possible solution is to avoid
transferring the entire dataset while still achieving similar model
performance. Recent progress in data distillation within computer science
offers promising prospects for sharing medical data efficiently without
significantly compromising model effectiveness. However, it remains uncertain
whether these methods would be applicable to medical imaging, since medical and
natural images are distinct fields. Moreover, it is intriguing to consider what
level of performance could be achieved with these methods. To answer these
questions, we conduct investigations on a variety of leading data distillation
methods, in different contexts of medical imaging. We evaluate the feasibility
of these methods with extensive experiments in two aspects: 1) Assess the
impact of data distillation across multiple datasets characterized by minor or
great variations. 2) Explore the indicator to predict the distillation
performance. Our extensive experiments across multiple medical datasets reveal
that data distillation can significantly reduce dataset size while maintaining
comparable model performance to that achieved with the full dataset, suggesting
that a small, representative sample of images can serve as a reliable indicator
of distillation success. This study demonstrates that data distillation is a
viable method for efficient and secure medical data sharing, with the potential
to facilitate enhanced collaborative research and clinical applications.


  A linear differential operator $T=Q(z)\frac{d}{dz}+P(z)$ with polynomial
coefficients defines a continuous family of Hutchinson operators when acting on
the space of positive powers of linear forms. In this context, $T$ has a unique
minimal Hutchinson-invariant set $M_{CH}^{T}$ in the complex plane. Using a
geometric interpretation of its boundary in terms of envelops of certain
families of rays, we subdivide this boundary into local and global arcs (the
former being portions of integral curves of the rational vector field
$\frac{Q(z)}{P(z)}\partial_{z}$), and singular points of different types which
we classify below. The latter decomposition of the boundary of $M_{CH}^{T}$ is
largely determined by its intersection with the plane algebraic curve formed by
the inflection points of trajectories of the field
$\frac{Q(z)}{P(z)}\partial_{z}$. We provide an upper bound for the number of
local arcs in terms of degrees of $P$ and $Q$. As an application of our
classification, we obtain a number of global geometric properties of minimal
Hutchinson-invariant sets.


  Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are the backbone of many text and speech
applications. These architectures are typically made up of several
computationally complex components such as; non-linear activation functions,
normalization, bi-directional dependence and attention. In order to maintain
good accuracy, these components are frequently run using full-precision
floating-point computation, making them slow, inefficient and difficult to
deploy on edge devices. In addition, the complex nature of these operations
makes them challenging to quantize using standard quantization methods without
a significant performance drop. We present a quantization-aware training method
for obtaining a highly accurate integer-only recurrent neural network (iRNN).
Our approach supports layer normalization, attention, and an adaptive piecewise
linear (PWL) approximation of activation functions, to serve a wide range of
state-of-the-art RNNs. The proposed method enables RNN-based language models to
run on edge devices with $2\times$ improvement in runtime, and $4\times$
reduction in model size while maintaining similar accuracy as its
full-precision counterpart.


  We investigate three-boson recombination of equal mass systems as function of
(negative) scattering length, mass, finite energy, and finite temperature. An
optical model with an imaginary potential at short distance reproduces
experimental recombination data and allows us to provide a simple
parametrization of the recombination rate as function of scattering length and
energy. Using the two-body van der Waals length as unit we find that the
imaginary potential range and also the potential depth agree to within thirty
percent for Lithium and Cesium atoms. As opposed to recent studies suggesting
universality of the threshold for bound state formation, our results suggest
that the recombination process itself could have universal features.


  Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFET) have extremely low leakage current,
exhibit excellent subthreshold swing and are less susceptible to short channel
effects. However, TFETs do face certain special challenges, particularly with
respect to the process induced variations in (i) the channel length and (ii)
the thickness of the silicon thin-film and the gate oxide. This paper, for the
first time, studies the impact of the above process variations on the
electrical characteristics of a Double Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor
(DGTFET). Using two dimensional device simulations, we propose the Strained
Double Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (SDGTFET) with high-k gate
dielectric as a possible solution for effectively compensating the process
induced variations in the on-current, threshold voltage and subthreshold-swing
improving the reliability of the DGTFET.


  We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of SN2005ip for the first 3yr
after discovery, showing an underlying Type II-L SN interacting with a steady
wind to yield an unusual Type IIn spectrum. For the first 160d, it had a fast
linear decline from a modest peak absolute magnitude of about -17.4
(unfiltered), followed by a plateau at roughly -14.8 for more than 2yr.
Initially having a normal broad-lined spectrum superposed with sparse narrow
lines from the photoionized CSM, it quickly developed signs of strong CSM
interaction with a spectrum similar to that of SN1988Z. As the underlying
SNII-L faded, SN2005ip exhibited a rich high-ionization spectrum with a dense
forest of narrow coronal lines, unprecedented among SNe but reminiscent of some
active galactic nuclei. The line-profile evolution of SN 2005ip confirms that
dust formation caused its recently reported infrared excess, but these lines
reveal that it is the first SN to show clear evidence for dust in both the fast
SN ejecta and the slower post-shock gas. SN2005ip's complex spectrum confirms
the origin of the strange blue continuum in SN2006jc, which also had post-shock
dust formation. We suggest that SN2005ip's late-time plateau and coronal
spectrum result from rejuvenated CSM interaction between a sustained fast shock
and a clumpy stellar wind, where X-rays escape through the optically thin
interclump regions to heat the pre-shock CSM to coronal temperatures.


  This paper proposes an image-to-painting translation method that generates
vivid and realistic painting artworks with controllable styles. Different from
previous image-to-image translation methods that formulate the translation as
pixel-wise prediction, we deal with such an artistic creation process in a
vectorized environment and produce a sequence of physically meaningful stroke
parameters that can be further used for rendering. Since a typical vector
render is not differentiable, we design a novel neural renderer which imitates
the behavior of the vector renderer and then frame the stroke prediction as a
parameter searching process that maximizes the similarity between the input and
the rendering output. We explored the zero-gradient problem on parameter
searching and propose to solve this problem from an optimal transportation
perspective. We also show that previous neural renderers have a parameter
coupling problem and we re-design the rendering network with a rasterization
network and a shading network that better handles the disentanglement of shape
and color. Experiments show that the paintings generated by our method have a
high degree of fidelity in both global appearance and local textures. Our
method can be also jointly optimized with neural style transfer that further
transfers visual style from other images. Our code and animated results are
available at \url{https://jiupinjia.github.io/neuralpainter/}.


  We give a detailed description of the differences between the factorization
and results derived from SCET and QCDF for decays B -> M1 M2. This serves as a
reply to a comment about our work "B-> M1 M2: Factorization, charming penguins,
strong phases, and polarization" [1] made by the authors in [2]. We disagree
with their criticisms.


  We calculated the dependence of the transition frequencies on the
fine-structure constant $\alpha$ ($q$-factors) for Ni~II. Nickel is one of the
few elements with high sensitivity to $\alpha$-variation, whose lines are
observed at high redshifts. This makes it a sensitive probe for
$\alpha$-variation on the cosmological timescale. The electronic structure of
Ni II ion was treated within the configuration interaction (CI) method using
Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian.


  Let $\mathbb F_q$ be a finite field, where $q$ is an odd prime power. Let
$R=\mathbb{F}_q+u\mathbb{F}_q+v\mathbb{F}_q+uv\mathbb F_q$ with
$u^2=u,v^2=v,uv=vu$. In this paper, we study the algebraic structure of
$(\theta, \Theta)$-cyclic codes of block length $(r,s )$ over $\mathbb{F}_qR.$
Specifically, we analyze the structure of these codes as left
$R[x:\Theta]$-submodules of $\mathfrak{R}_{r,s} =
\frac{\mathbb{F}_q[x:\theta]}{\langle x^r-1\rangle} \times
\frac{R[x:\Theta]}{\langle x^s-1\rangle}$. Our investigation involves
determining generator polynomials and minimal generating sets for this family
of codes. Further, we discuss the algebraic structure of separable codes. A
relationship between the generator polynomials of $(\theta, \Theta)$-cyclic
codes over $\mathbb F_qR$ and their duals is established. Moreover, we
calculate the generator polynomials of dual of $(\theta, \Theta)$-cyclic codes.
As an application of our study, we provide a construction of quantum
error-correcting codes (QECCs) from $(\theta, \Theta)$-cyclic codes of block
length $(r,s)$ over $\mathbb{F}_qR$. We support our theoretical results with
illustrative examples.


  The effect of chemical doping on the ZSiNRs with Mn as passivating element
replacing H atoms at one edge are investigated by first principles
calculations.The structures optimized in the typical ferromagnetic and
antiferromagnetic coupling show that the system leads to an AFM state and
achieve half metallic properties.Also,our first principle approach based on the
Keldysh nonequilibrium Greens function method gives the spin dependent
transport properties of the device. When the system changes from parallel to
antiparallel configuration. the spin up current increases rapidly while the
spin down current is still depressed. Further, it is found that the system is a
quite good spin filtering device with nearly 80 percent spin filtering
efficiency at a wide bias voltage region and therefore suitable for
applications. The mechanisms for these phenomena are proposed in detail.


  By means of sophisticated Monte Carlo methods, we investigate the
conformational phase diagram of a simple model for flexible polymers with
explicit thickness. The thickness constraint, which is introduced geometrically
via the global radius of curvature of a polymer conformation, accounts for the
excluded volume of the polymer and induces cooperative effects supporting the
formation of secondary structures. In our detailed analysis of the temperature
and thickness dependence of the conformational behavior for classes of short
tubelike polymers, we find that known secondary-structure segments like helices
and turns, but also ringlike conformations and stiff rods are dominant
intrinsic topologies governing the phase behavior of such cooperative tubelike
objects. This shows that the thickness constraint is indeed a fundamental
physical parameter that allows for a classification of generic polymer
structures.


  We investigate whether the force and torque exerted by light pressure on an
irregularly shaped dielectric resonator allow to detect resonant frequencies,
delivering information complemental to the scattering cross section by
mechanical means. The peak-to-valley ratio in the torque signal can be many
times larger than in the scattering cross section, and, furthermore, depends on
the structure of the resonance wave pattern. The far-field emission pattern of
the associated quasi-bound states can be tested by the angular dependence of
the mechanical probes at finite amplification rate. We relate the force and
torque to the scattering matrix and present numerical results for an annularly
shaped dielectric resonator.


  We study a discretization in space and time for a class of nonlinear
diffusion equations with flux limitation. That class contains the so-called
relativistic heat equation, as well as other gradient flows of Renyi entropies
with respect to transportation metrics with finite maximal velocity.
Discretization in time is performed with the JKO method, thus preserving the
variational structure of the gradient flow. This is combined with an entropic
regularization of the transport distance, which allows for an efficient
numerical calculation of the JKO minimizers. Solutions to the fully discrete
equations are entropy dissipating, mass conserving, and respect the finite
speed of propagation of support.
  First, we give a proof of $\Gamma$-convergence of the infinite chain of JKO
steps in the joint limit of infinitely refined spatial discretization and
vanishing entropic regularization. The singularity of the cost function makes
the construction of the recovery sequence significantly more difficult than in
the $L^p$-Wasserstein case. Second, we define a practical numerical method by
combining the JKO time discretization with a "light speed" solver for the
spatially discrete minimization problem using Dykstra's algorithm, and
demonstrate its efficiency in a series of experiments.


  A microscopic study of mode-locked pulse generation is presented for vertical
external-cavity surface-emitting lasers utilizing type-II quantum well
configurations. The coupled Maxwell semiconductor Bloch equations are solved
numerically where the type-II carrier replenishment is modeled via suitably
chosen reservoirs. Conditions for stable mode-locked pulses are identified
allowing for pulses in the \unit[100]{fs} range. Design strategies for type-II
configurations are proposed that avoid potentially unstable pulse dynamics.


  We studied solid solution effects on the mechanical properties of
nanocrystalline (NC) $\mathrm{Pd}_{\mathrm{100-x}} \mathrm{Au}_{\mathrm{x}}$
alloys ($0 \leq \mathrm{x} < 50 \mathrm{at.\%}$) at the low end of the
nanoscale. Concentration has been used as control parameter to tune material
properties (elastic moduli, Burgers vector, stacking fault energies) at
basically unaltered microstructure (grain size $D\approx 10\mathrm{ nm}$). In
stark contrast to coarse grained fcc alloys, we observe solid solution
softening for increasing Au-content. The available predictions from models and
theories taking explicitly into account the effect of the nanoscale
microstructure on the concentration-dependent shear strength have been
disproved without exception. As a consequence, it is implied that dislocation
activity contributes only marginally to strength. In fact, we find a linear
correlation between shear strength and shear modulus which quantitatively
agrees with the universal behavior of metallic glasses discovered by Johnson
and Samwer [W.L. Johnson and K. Samwer, PRL 95, 195501 (2005)].


  We prove that the spatial gradient of (variational) solutions to parabolic
obstacle problems of p-Laplacian type enjoys the same regularity of the data
and of the derivatives of the obstacle in the scale of Lorentz spaces.


  This paper theoretically proves that an electron storage ring can generate
coherent radiation in THz region using a quick kicker magnet and an ac
sextupole magnet. When the vertical chromaticity is modulated by the ac
sextupole magnet, the vertical beam collective motion excited by the kicker
produces a wavy spatial structure after a number of longitudinal oscillation
periods. We calculate the radiation spectral distribution from the wavy bunch
in Hefei Light Source(HLS). If we reduce electron energy to 400MeV, it can
produce extremely strong coherent synchrotron radiation(CSR) at 0.115THz.


  Mapping of spatial hotspots, i.e., regions with significantly higher rates of
generating cases of certain events (e.g., disease or crime cases), is an
important task in diverse societal domains, including public health, public
safety, transportation, agriculture, environmental science, etc. Clustering
techniques required by these domains differ from traditional clustering methods
due to the high economic and social costs of spurious results (e.g., false
alarms of crime clusters). As a result, statistical rigor is needed explicitly
to control the rate of spurious detections. To address this challenge,
techniques for statistically-robust clustering (e.g., scan statistics) have
been extensively studied by the data mining and statistics communities. In this
survey we present an up-to-date and detailed review of the models and
algorithms developed by this field. We first present a general taxonomy for
statistically-robust clustering, covering key steps of data and statistical
modeling, region enumeration and maximization, and significance testing. We
further discuss different paradigms and methods within each of the key steps.
Finally, we highlight research gaps and potential future directions, which may
serve as a stepping stone in generating new ideas and thoughts in this growing
field and beyond.


  We perform a non-perturbative analysis of the constraints of the Ho\v{r}ava
Gravitational theory. In distinction to Einstein gravity the theory has
constraints of the first class together with second class ones. We analyze the
consequences of having to impose second classes constraints at any time in the
quantum formulation of the theory. The second class constraints are formulated
as strongly elliptic partial differential equations allowing a global analysis
on the existence and uniqueness of the solution. We discuss the possibility of
formulating the theory in terms of a master action with first class constraints
only. In this case the Ho\v{r}ava theory would correspond to a gauged fixed
version of the master theory. Finally we obtain, using the non-perturbative
solution of the constraints, the explicit expression of the gravitational
energy. It is, under some assumptions, always positive and the solution of
Ho\v{r}ava field equations at minimal energy is the Minkowski metric.


  We study the continuum limit of the Benincasa-Dowker-Glaser causal set action
on a causally convex compact region. In particular, we compute the action of a
causal set randomly sprinkled on a small causal diamond in the presence of
arbitrary curvature in various spacetime dimensions. In the continuum limit, we
show that the action admits a finite limit. More importantly, the limit is
composed by an Einstein-Hilbert bulk term as predicted by the
Benincasa-Dowker-Glaser action, and a boundary term exactly proportional to the
codimension-two joint volume. Our calculation provides strong evidence in
support of the conjecture that the Benincasa-Dowker-Glaser action naturally
includes codimension-two boundary terms when evaluated on causally convex
regions.


  Inspired by recent work of S. K. Donaldson on constant scalar curvature
metrics on toric complex surfaces, we study obstructions to the extension of
the Calabi flow on a polarized toric variety. Under some technical assumptions,
we prove that the Calabi flow can be extended for all time.


  Chance constrained optimal power flow (OPF) has been recognized as a
promising framework to manage the risk from variable renewable energy (VRE). In
presence of VRE uncertainties, this paper discusses a distributionally robust
chance constrained approximate AC-OPF. The power flow model employed in the
proposed OPF formulation combines an exact AC power flow model at the nominal
operation point and an approximate linear power flow model to reflect the
system response under uncertainties. The ambiguity set employed in the
distributionally robust formulation is the Wasserstein ball centered at the
empirical distribution. The proposed OPF model minimizes the expectation of the
quadratic cost function w.r.t. the worst-case probability distribution and
guarantees the chance constraints satisfied for any distribution in the
ambiguity set. The whole method is data-driven in the sense that the ambiguity
set is constructed from historical data without any presumption on the type of
the probability distribution, and more data leads to smaller ambiguity set and
less conservative strategy. Moreover, special problem structures of the
proposed problem formulation are exploited to develop an efficient and scalable
solution approach. Case studies are carried out on IEEE 14 and 118 bus systems
to show the accuracy and necessity of the approximate AC model and the
attractive features of the distributionally robust optimization approach
compared with other methods to deal with uncertainties.


  Let G be an algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field k of
characteristic zero. We give a simple proof of the following result: if H^1(L,
G) = {1} for some finitely generated field extension L/k of transcendence
degree \ge 3 then H^1(K, G) = {1} for every field extension K/k.


  In this paper we propose a bilevel optimization approach for the placement of
space and time observations in variational data assimilation problems. Within
the framework of supervised learning, we consider a bilevel problem where the
lower-level task is the variational reconstruction of the initial condition of
a semilinear system, and the upper-level problem solves the optimal placement
with help of a sparsity inducing function. Due to the pointwise nature of the
observations, an optimality system with regular Borel measures is obtained as
necessary optimality condition for the lower-level problem. The latter is then
considered as constraint for the upper-level instance, yielding an optimization
problem constrained by a multi-state system with measures. We demonstrate
existence of Lagrange multipliers and derive a necessary optimality system
characterizing the optimal solution of the bilevel problem. The numerical
solution is carried out also on two levels. The lower-level problem is solved
using a standard BFGS method, while the upper-level one is solved by means of a
projected BFGS algorithm based on the estimation of $\epsilon$-active sets.
Finally some numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the main
features of our approach.


  A revolution in radio receiving technology is underway with the development
of densely packed phased arrays for radio astronomy. This technology can
provide an exceptionally large field of view, while at the same time sampling
the sky with high angular resolution. Such an instrument, with a field of view
of over 100 square degrees, is ideal for performing fast, all-sky, surveys,
such as the "intensity mapping" experiment to measure the signature of Baryonic
Acoustic Oscillations in the HI mass distribution at cosmological redshifts.
The SKA, built with this technology, will be able to do a billion galaxy
survey. I will present a very brief introduction to radio interferometry, as
well as an overview of the Square Kilometre Array project. This will be
followed by a description of the EMBRACE prototype and a discussion of results
and future plans.


  We compute the crossover exponent associated with the spin-3 operator in
three-dimensional O(N) models. A six-loop field-theoretical calculation in the
fixed-dimension approach gives $\phi_3 = 0.601(10)$ for the experimentally
relevant case N=2 (XY model). The corresponding exponent $\beta_3 = 1.413(10)$
is compared with the experimental estimates obtained in materials undergoing a
normal-incommensurate structural transition and in liquid crystals at the
smectic-A--hexatic-B phase transition, finding good agreement.


  The squeeze-out phenomenon of $K^+$ and $K^-$ mesons, i.e. the azimuthal
asymmetry of $K^+$ and $K^-$ mesons emitted at midrapidity in heavy ion
reactions, is investigated for beam energies of 1-2 A.GeV. It is found that the
squeeze-out signal is strongly affected by in-medium potentials of these
mesons. The repulsive $K^+$-nucleus potential gives rise to a pronounced
out-of-plane emission of $K^+$'s at midrapidity. With the $K^+$ potential we
reproduce well the experimental data of the $K^+$ azimuthal distribution. It is
found that the attractive $K^-$-nucleus potential cancels to a large extent the
influence of rescattering and reabsorption of the $K^-$ mesons on the
projectile and target residuals (i.e. shadowing). This results in an
azimuthally isotropic emission of the midrapidity $K^-$ mesons with transverse
momentum up to 0.8 GeV/c. Since it is well accepted that the shadowing alone
would lead to a significant out-of-plane preference of particle emission, in
particular at high transverse momenta, the disappearance of the out-of-plane
preference for the $K^-$ mesons can serve as an unambiguous signal of the
attractive $K^-$ potential. We also apply a covariant formalism of the kaon
dynamics to the squeeze-out phenomenon. Discrepancies between the theory and
the experiments and possible solutions are discussed.


  In this paper a vectorized algorithm for simultaneously computing up to eight
singular value decompositions (SVDs, each of the form $A=U\Sigma V^{\ast}$) of
real or complex matrices of order two is proposed. The algorithm extends to a
batch of matrices of an arbitrary length $n$, that arises, for example, in the
annihilation part of the parallel Kogbetliantz algorithm for the SVD of a
square matrix of order $2n$. The SVD algorithm for a single matrix of order two
is derived first. It scales, in most instances error-free, the input matrix $A$
such that its singular values $\Sigma_{ii}$ cannot overflow whenever its
elements are finite, and then computes the URV factorization of the scaled
matrix, followed by the SVD of a non-negative upper-triangular middle factor. A
vector-friendly data layout for the batch is then introduced, where the
same-indexed elements of each of the input and the output matrices form
vectors, and the algorithm's steps over such vectors are described. The
vectorized approach is then shown to be about three times faster than
processing each matrix in isolation, while slightly improving accuracy over the
straightforward method for the $2\times 2$ SVD.


  We describe the design and elements of implementation of the Akamai Maui
Short Course (AMSC). The AMSC contains four full inquiry activities each of
which builds on those previous: Camera Obscura and Sun Shadows, Lenses and
Refraction, Color and Light, and the Adaptive Optics Demonstrator. In addition
we describe the workings of two additional strands: 1) Communication, and 2)
Science, Technology and Society. We also discuss our assessment methods and our
results.


  We describe the fast transient classification algorithm in the center of the
kilonova (KN) science module currently implemented in the Fink broker and
report classification results based on simulated catalogs and real data from
the ZTF alert stream. We used noiseless, homogeneously sampled simulations to
construct a basis of principal components (PCs). All light curves from a more
realistic ZTF simulation were written as a linear combination of this basis.
The corresponding coefficients were used as features in training a random
forest classifier. The same method was applied to long (>30 days) and medium
(<30 days) light curves. The latter aimed to simulate the data situation found
within the ZTF alert stream. Classification based on long light curves achieved
73.87% precision and 82.19% recall. Medium baseline analysis resulted in 69.30%
precision and 69.74% recall, thus confirming the robustness of precision
results when limited to 30 days of observations. In both cases, dwarf flares
and point Type Ia supernovae were the most frequent contaminants. The final
trained model was integrated into the Fink broker and has been distributing
fast transients, tagged as KN_candidates, to the astronomical community,
especially through the GRANDMA collaboration. We showed that features
specifically designed to grasp different light curve behaviors provide enough
information to separate fast (KN-like) from slow (non-KN-like) evolving events.
This module represents one crucial link in an intricate chain of infrastructure
elements for multi-messenger astronomy which is currently being put in place by
the Fink broker team in preparation for the arrival of data from the Vera Rubin
Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.


  For a commutative ring $R$ and an ADE Dynkin quiver $Q$, we prove that the
multiplicative preprojective algebra of Crawley-Boevey and Shaw, with parameter
$q=1$, is isomorphic to the (additive) preprojective algebra as $R$-algebras if
and only if the bad primes for $Q$ (2 in type D, 2 and 3 for $Q = E_{6}$,
$E_{7}$ and 2, 3 and 5 for $Q= E_{8}$) are invertible in $R$. We construct an
explicit isomorphism over $\mathbb{Z}[1/2]$ in type D, over $\mathbb{Z}[1/2,
1/3]$ for $Q = E_{6}$, $E_{7}$ and over $\mathbb{Z}[1/2, 1/3, 1/5]$ for
$Q=E_{8}$. Conversely, if some bad prime is not invertible in $R$, we show that
the additive and multiplicative preprojective algebras differ in zeroth
Hochschild homology, and hence are not isomorphic. In fact, one only needs the
vanishing of certain classes in zeroth Hochschild homology of the
multiplicative preprojective algebra, utilizing a rigidification argument for
isomorphisms that may be of independent interest.
  In the setting of Ginzburg dg-algebras, our obstructions are new in type E
and give a more elementary proof of the negative result of Etg\"{u}--Lekili
arXiv:1502.07922 in type D. Moreover, the zeroth Hochschild homology of the
multiplicative preprojective algebra can be interpreted as the space of
unobstructed deformations of the multiplicative Ginzburg dg-algebra by Van den
Bergh duality. Finally, we observe that the multiplicative preprojective
algebra is not symmetric Frobenius if $Q \neq A_1$, a departure from the
additive preprojective algebra in characteristic 2 for $Q = D_{2n}$, $n \geq 2$
and $Q =E_{7}$, $E_{8}$.


  Globular clusters (GCs), as old as our Galaxy, constantly lose their members
to the field as they cross through the Milky Way (MW). These GC escaped stars
(or escapees) are suggested to contribute significantly to the MW halo. If a
star has left the host GC a long time ago, chemical finger prints, e.g., N
enrichment, may reveal its origin. In this work, we aim to establish dynamical
connections between N-rich field stars recently identified by LAMOST and the
existing MW GCs. By constructing the full action distribution, and combining
with metallicity, we found 29 potential GC progenitors for 15 N-rich field
stars. Particularly, some of them may be related to MW accretion events. On the
other hand, if a star recently left its host GC via tidal evaporation, it still
maintain the kinematic properties of the cluster. Here we identify extra-tidal
candidates based on their spatial locations, proper motions (PMs), and their
position on color-magnitude-diagrams (CMDs). We successfully identified more
than 1600 extra-tidal candidates in the vicinity of six Gaia-Enceladus
(GE)-related GCs (i.e., NGC 1851, NGC 1904, NGC 6205, NGC 6341, NGC 6779, NGC
7089). The density map of the extra-tidal candidates is confirmed to be an
efficient way to find extra-tidal structures. The possible two density peaks at
opposite directions of the inner boundary is a good indicator for long stellar
stream. Among 95 extra-tidal candidates with spectroscopic radial velocities
and metallicity, 54 of them are confirmed to be GC escaped stars, as they share
similar properties as host GCs. These extra-tidal candidates are ideal targets
for follow-up spectroscopic observation, as it greatly improves the scientific
outcome. Once statistically significant number of spectroscopic radial
velocities and metallicities are available, the GC dynamical evolution (e.g.,
mass loss, rotation) can be carefully investigated.


  The BICEP-2 team has reported the detection of primordial cosmic microwave
background B-mode polarization, with hints of a suppression of power at large
angular scales relative to smaller scales. Provided that the B-mode
polarization is due to primordial gravitational waves, this might imply a blue
tilt of the primordial gravitational wave spectrum. Such a tilt would be
incompatible with standard inflationary models, although it was predicted some
years ago in the context of a mechanism that thermally generates the primordial
perturbations through a Hagedorn phase of string cosmology. The purpose of this
note is to encourage greater scrutiny of the data with priors informed by a
model that is immediately falsifiable, but which \textit{predicts} features
that might be favoured by the data-- namely a blue tensor tilt with an induced
and complimentary red tilt to the scalar spectrum, with a naturally large
tensor to scalar ratio that relates to both.


  Due to the experimental time constraints of state of the art quantum
simulations with trapped ions, the direct preparation of the ground state by
adiabatically ramping the field of a transverse field Ising model becomes more
and more difficult as the number of particles increase. We propose a
spectroscopy protocol that intentionally creates excitations through diabatic
ramping of the transverse field and measures a low-noise observable as a
function of time for a constant field to reveal the structure of the coherent
dynamics of the resulting many-body states. To simulate the experimental data,
noise from counting statistics and decoherence error are added. Compressive
sensing is then applied to Fourier transform the simulated data into the
frequency domain and extract the the low-lying energy excitation spectrum. By
using compressive sensing, the amount of data in time needed to extract this
energy spectrum is sharply reduced making such experiments feasible with
current technology.


  A MEMS based tribometer has been developed that can be read out with
nanometer and nano-Newton resolution, approaching the resolution and
sensitivity of a friction force microscope (FFM). It can be used to study
friction of MEMS device sidewall surfaces. We find repeatable but irregular
stick-slip behavior related to the surface roughness or surface modification
(wear), depending on the normal force between the sliding surfaces. In
addition, we show that normal force modulation can decrease the apparent
friction even though the average normal force remains the same. This may be a
technologically viable way to reduce friction and wear in microscopic contacts.


  We present a systematic study of a mobile impurity immersed in a
three-dimensional Fermi sea of fermions at finite temperature, by using the
standard non-self-consistent many-body $T$-matrix theory that is equivalent to
a finite-temperature variational approach with the inclusion of
one-particle-hole excitation. The impurity spectral function is determined in
the real-frequency domain, avoiding any potential errors due to the numerical
analytic continuation in previous $T$-matrix calculations and the small
spectral broadening parameter used in variational calculations. In the
weak-coupling limit, we find that the quasiparticle decay rate of both
attractive and repulsive polarons does not increase significantly with
increasing temperature, and therefore Fermi polarons may remain well-defined
far above Fermi degeneracy. In contrast, near the unitary limit with strong
coupling, the decay rate of Fermi polarons rapidly increase and the
quasiparticle picture breaks down close to the Fermi temperature. We analyze in
detail the recent ejection and injection radio-frequency (rf) spectroscopy
measurements, performed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and at
European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), respectively. We show
that the momentum average of the spectral function, which is necessary to
account for the observed rf-spectroscopy, has a sizable contribution to the
width of the quasiparticle peak in spectroscopy. As a result, the measured
decay rate of Fermi polarons could be significantly larger than the calculated
quasiparticle decay rate at zero momentum. By take this crucial contribution
into account, we find that there is a reasonable agreement between theory and
experiment for the lifetime of Fermi polarons in the strong-coupling regime, as
long as they remain well-defined.


  In this work we study the renormalization of the electrodynamics of spin 1/2
fermions in the Poincar\'e projector formalism which is second order in the
derivatives of the fields. We analyze the superficial degree of divergence of
the vertex functions of this theory, calculate at one-loop level the vacuum
polarization, fermion self-energy and \gamma-fermion-fermion vertex function
and the divergent piece of the one-loop contributions to the
\gamma-\gamma-fermion-fermion vertex function. It is shown that these functions
are renormalizable independently of the value of the gyromagnetic factor g
which is a free parameter of the theory. We find a photon propagator and a
running coupling constant \alpha (q^2) that depend on the value of g. The
magnetic moment form factor contains a divergence associated to g which
disappears for g=2 but in general requires the coupling g to be renormalized. A
suitable choice of the renormalization condition for the magnetic form factor
yields the one loop finite correction \Delta{g}=g\alpha/2\pi. For a particle
with g=2 we recover results of Dirac theory for the photon propagator, the
running of \alpha (q^2) and the one-loop corrections to the gyromagnetic
factor.


  A highly homogeneous study of 23 halo field dwarf stars has achieved a Li
abundance accuracy of 0.033 dex per star. The work shows that the intrinsic
spread of the Li abundances of these stars at a given metallicity is <0.02 dex,
and consistent with zero. That is, the Spite Li plateau for halo field dwarfs
is incredibly thin. The thinness rules out depletion by more than 0.1 dex by a
rotational-induced extra-mixing mechanism. Despite the thinness of the plateau,
an increase of Li with [Fe/H] is seen, interpreted as evidence of Galactic
chemical evolution (GCE) of Li, primarily due to Galactic cosmic ray (GCR)
spallation reactions in the era of halo formation. The rate of Li evolution is
concordant with: (1) observations of spallative 6Li in halo dwarfs; (2) GCE
models; and (3) data on Li in higher metallicity halo stars. New data have also
revealed four new ultra-Li-deficient halo dwarfs, doubling the number known.
Based on their propensity to cluster at the halo main sequence turnoff and also
to exist redward of the turnoff, we hypothesise that they are the products of
binary mergers that ultimately will become blue stragglers. We explain their
low Li abundances by normal pre-main-sequence (and possibly main-sequence)
destruction in the low mass stars prior to their merging. If this explanation
is correct, then such stars need no longer be considered an embarrassment to
the existence of negligible Li destruction in the majority of field halo
dwarfs.


  Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex mental disorder that necessitates accurate
and timely diagnosis for effective treatment. Traditional methods for SZ
classification often struggle to capture transient EEG features and face high
computational complexity. This study proposes a convolutional autoencoder (CAE)
to address these challenges by reducing dimensionality and computational
complexity. Additionally, we introduce a novel approach utilizing spectral
scalograms (SS) combined with EfficientNet (ENB) architectures. The SS,
obtained through continuous wavelet transform, reveals temporal and spectral
information of EEG signals, aiding in the identification of transient features.
ENB models, through transfer learning (TL), extract discriminative features and
improve SZ classification accuracy. Experimental evaluation on a comprehensive
dataset demonstrates the efficacy of our approach, achieving a five-fold mean
cross-validation accuracy of 98.5\% using CAE with a soft voting classifier and
99\% employing SS with the ENB7 model. These results suggest the potential of
our methods to enhance SZ diagnosis, surpassing traditional deep learning (DL)
and TL techniques. By leveraging CAE and ENBs, this research offers a robust
framework for objective SZ classification, promoting early intervention and
improved patient outcomes.


  In this paper we introduce {\em global and local announcement logic} (GLAL),
a dynamic epistemic logic with two distinct announcement operators --
$[\phi]^+_A$ and $[\phi]^-_A$ indexed to a subset $A$ of the set $Ag$ of all
agents -- for global and local announcements respectively. The boundary case
$[\phi]^+_{Ag}$ corresponds to the public announcement of $\phi$, as known from
the literature. Unlike standard public announcements, which are {\em model
transformers}, the global and local announcements are {\em pointed model
transformers}. In particular, the update induced by the announcement may be
different in different states of the model. Therefore, the resulting
computations are trees of models, rather than the typical sequences. A
consequence of our semantics is that modally bisimilar states may be
distinguished in our logic. Then, we provide a stronger notion of bisimilarity
and we show that it preserves modal equivalence in GLAL. Additionally, we show
that GLAL is strictly more expressive than public announcement logic with
common knowledge. We prove a wide range of validities for GLAL involving the
interaction between dynamics and knowledge, and show that the satisfiability
problem for GLAL is decidable. We illustrate the formal machinery by means of
detailed epistemic scenarios.


  In this work, all-silicon, integrated optofluidic platforms, fabricated by
electrochemical micromachining technology, making use of vertical,
one-dimensional high-aspect- ratio photonic crystals for flow-through
(bio)sensing applications are reviewed. The potential of such platforms for
point-of-care applications is discussed for both pressure-driven and
capillarity- driven operations with reference to refractometry and biochemical
sensing.


  Quantum spin Hall insulators, recently realized in HgTe/(Hg,Cd)Te quantum
wells, support topologically protected, linearly dispersing edge states with
spin-momentum locking. A local magnetic exchange field can open a gap for the
edge states. A quantum-dot structure consisting of two such magnetic tunneling
barriers is proposed and the charge transport through this device is analyzed.
The effects of a finite bias voltage beyond linear response, of a gate voltage,
and of the charging energy in the quantum dot are studied within a combination
of Green-function and master-equation approaches. Among other results, a
partial recurrence of non-interacting behavior is found for strong
interactions, and the possibility of controlling the edge magnetization by a
locally applied gate voltage is proposed.


  Recently, the first two authors have defined a Z-grading on group algebras of
symmetric groups and more generally on the cyclotomic Hecke algebras of type
G(l,1,d). In this paper we explain how to grade Specht modules over these
algebras.


  Neutral Particle Analyzer (NPA) is one of the crucial diagnostic devices on
Tokamak facilities. Stripping unit is one of the main parts of the NPA. A
windowless gas stripping room with two differential pipes is adopted in a
parallel direction of electric and magnetic fields (E//B) NPA. The pressure
distributions in the stripping chamber are simulated by Ansys Fluent together
with MolFlow+. Based on the pressure distributions extracted from the
simulation, the stripping efficiency of the E//B NPA is studied with GEANT4.
The hadron reaction physics is modified to track the charge state of each
particle in a cross section base method in GEANT4. The transmission rates ($R$)
and the stripping efficiencies $f_{+1}$ are examined for the particle energy
ranging from 20 to 200 keV at the input pressure ($P_0$) ranging from 20 to 400
Pa. According to the combined global efficiency, $R \times f_{+1}$, $P_0$ = 240
Pa is obtained as the optimum pressure for the maximum global efficiency in the
incident energy range investigated.


  We consider a non--homogeneous incompressible and heat conducting fluid
confined to a 3D domain perforated by tiny holes. The ratio of the diameter of
the holes and their mutual distance is critical, the former being equal to
$\epsilon^3$, the latter proportional to $\epsilon$, where $\epsilon$ is a
small parameter. We identify the asymptotic limit for $\epsilon \to 0$, in
which the momentum equation contains a friction term of Brinkman type
determined uniquely by the viscosity and geometric properties of the
perforation. Besides the inhomogeneity of the fluid, we allow the viscosity and
the heat conductivity coefficient to depend on the temperature, where the
latter is determined via the Fourier law with homogenized (oscillatory) heat
conductivity coefficient that is different for the fluid and the solid holes.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result in the critical case for
the inhomogenous heat--conducting fluid.


  This work presents the first continuum shell-model study of weakly bound
neutron-rich nuclei involving multiconfiguration mixing. For the
single-particle basis, the complex-energy Berggren ensemble representing the
bound single-particle states, narrow resonances, and the non-resonant continuum
background is taken. Our shell-model Hamiltonian consists of a one-body finite
potential and a zero-range residual two-body interaction. The systems with two
valence neutrons are considered. The Gamow shell model, which is a
straightforward extension of the traditional shell model, is shown to be an
excellent tool for the microscopic description of weakly bound systems. It is
demonstrated that the residual interaction coupling to the particle continuum
is important; in some cases, it can give rise to the binding of a nucleus.


  The deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) is an example of phase
transitions beyond the Landau symmetry breaking paradigm that attracts wide
interest. However, its nature has not been settled after decades of study. In
this paper, we apply the recently proposed fuzzy sphere regularization to study
the $\mathrm{SO}(5)$ non-linear sigma model (NL$\sigma$M) with a topological
Wess-Zumino-Witten term, which serves as a dual description of the DQCP with an
exact $\mathrm{SO}(5)$ symmetry. We demonstrate that the fuzzy sphere functions
as a powerful microscope, magnifying and revealing a wealth of crucial
information about the DQCP, ultimately paving the way towards its final answer.
In particular, through exact diagonalization, we provide clear evidence that
the DQCP exhibits approximate conformal symmetry. The evidence includes the
existence of a conserved $\mathrm{SO}(5)$ symmetry current, a stress tensor,
and integer-spaced levels between conformal primaries and their descendants.
Most remarkably, we have identified 23 primaries and 76 conformal descendants.
Furthermore, by examining the renormalization group flow of the lowest symmetry
singlet as well as other primaries, we provide numerical evidence in favour of
DQCP being pseudo-critical, with the approximate conformal symmetry plausibly
emerging from nearby complex fixed points. The primary spectrum we compute also
has important implications, including the conclusion that the $\mathrm{SO}(5)$
DQCP cannot describe a direct transition from the N\'eel to valence bond solid
phase on the honeycomb lattice.


  The Deep Space Network (DSN) is a worldwide array of radio telescopes that
supports NASA's interplanetary spacecraft missions. When the DSN antennas are
not communicating with spacecraft, they provide a valuable resource for
performing observations of radio magnetars, searches for new pulsars at the
Galactic Center, and additional pulsar-related studies. We describe the DSN's
capabilities for carrying out these types of observations. We also present
results from observations of three radio magnetars, PSR J1745-2900, PSR
J1622-4950, and XTE J1810-197, and the transitional magnetar candidate, PSR
J1119-6127, using the DSN radio telescopes near Canberra, Australia.


  If suitable quantum optical interactions were available, transforming optical
field mode operators in a nonlinear fashion, the all-photonics platform could
be one of the strongest contenders for realizing a quantum computer. Unlike
other, matter-based (solid-state or atomic) platforms, photonic qubits can be
operated at room temperature and high clock rates (GHz or, in principle, even
THz). In addition, recent continuous-variable time-domain approaches are
extremely well scalable. Moreover, while single-photon qubits may be processed
directly, "brighter" logical qubits may be embedded in individual oscillator
modes, using so-called bosonic codes, for an in-principle fault-tolerant
processing. In this paper, we show how elements of all-optical, universal, and
fault-tolerant quantum computation can be implemented using only beam splitters
together with single-mode cubic phase gates in reasonable numbers, and possibly
off-line squeezed-state or single-photon resources. Our approach is based on a
decomposition technique combining exact gate decompositions and approximate
Trotterization. This allows for efficient decompositions of certain nonlinear
continuous-variable multimode gates into the elementary gates, where the few
cubic gates needed may even be weak or all identical, thus facilitating
potential experiments. The final gate operations include two-mode controlled
phase rotation and three-mode Rabi-type Hamiltonian gates, which are shown to
be employable for realizing high-fidelity single-photon two-qubit entangling
gates or, as a bosonic-code example, creating high-quality
Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states. We expect our method of general use with
various applications, including those that rely on quartic Kerr-type
interactions.


  A significant fraction of planetary nebulae (PNe) and proto-planetary nebulae
(PPNe) exhibit aspherical, axisymmetric structures, many of which are highly
collimated. The origin of these structures is not entirely understood, however
recent evidence suggests that many observed PNe harbor binary systems, which
may play a role in their shaping. In an effort to understand how binaries may
produce such asymmetries, we study the effect of low-mass (< 0.3 M_sun)
companions (planets, brown dwarfs and low-mass main sequence stars) embedded
into the envelope of a 3.0 M_sun star during three epochs of its evolution (Red
Giant Branch, Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB), interpulse AGB). We find that
common envelope evolution can lead to three qualitatively different
consequences: (i) direct ejection of envelope material resulting in a
predominately equatorial outflow, (ii) spin-up of the envelope resulting in the
possibility of powering an explosive dynamo driven jet and (iii) tidal
shredding of the companion into a disc which facilitates a disc driven jet. We
study how these features depend on the secondary's mass and discuss
observational consequences.


  A large class of nonlocal equations and nonlocal charges for the Harry Dym
hierarchy is exhibited. They are obtained from nonlocal Casimirs associated
with its bi-Hamiltonian structure. The Lax representation for some of these
equations is also given.


  The proliferation of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) that support a wide variety of
applications, like entity search, question answering and recommender systems,
has led to the need for identifying overlapping information among different
KGs. Entity Alignment (EA) is the problem of detecting such overlapping
information among KGs that refer to the same real-world entities. Recent works
have shown a great potential in exploiting KG embeddings for the task of EA,
with most works focusing on the structural representation of entities (i.e.,
entity neighborhoods) in a KG and some works also exploiting the available
factual information of entities (e.g., their names and associated literal
values). However, real-word KGs exhibit high levels of structural and semantic
heterogeneity, making EA a challenging task in which most existing methods
struggle to achieve good results. In this work, we propose HybEA, an
open-source EA method that focuses on both structure and facts, using two
separate attention-based models. Our experimental results show that HybEA
outperforms state-of-the-art methods by at least 5% and as much as 20+% (with
an average difference of 11+%) Hits@1, in 5 widely used benchmark datasets.


  If the standard model of quark interactions is supplemented by a discrete A_4
symmetry (which may be relevant for the lepton sector), the spontaneous
breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry allows arbitrary quark masses, but
all mixing angles are predicted to be zero. A pattern of the explicit breaking
of A_4 is proposed, which results in a realistic charged-current mixing matrix.


  I discuss some of the basic techniques and results of soft gluon resummation,
and their applications to scattering at collider energies.


  Social networks have become an inseparable part of human life and processing
them in an efficient manner is a top priority in the study of networks. These
networks are highly dynamic and they are growing incessantly. Inspired by the
concept of triadic closure, we propose a probabilistic mechanism to model the
evolution of these dynamic graphs. Although triadic closure is ubiquitous in
social networks and its presence helps forming communities, probabilistic
models encapsulating it have not been studied adequately.
  We theoretically analyze our model and show how to bound the growth rate of
some characteristics of the graph, such as degree of vertices. Leveraging our
theoretical results, we develop a scheduling subroutine to process
modifications of the graph in batches. Our scheduling subroutine is then used
to speed up the state-of-the-art algorithms with negligible loss in their
approximation guarantees. We demonstrate the applicability of our method by
applying it to the densest subgraph and tri-densest subgraph discovery problem.


  We study the $N = 2$ coset models in their formulation as supersymmetric
gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten models. A model based on the coset $G/H$ is invariant
under a symmetry group isomorphic to $\Z_{k+Q}$, where $k$ is the level of the
model and $Q$ is the dual Coxeter number of $G$. Using a duality-like
relationship, we show that the $\Z_m$ orbifold of the vectorially gauged model
and the $\Z_{\tilde{m}}$ orbifold of the axially gauged model are each others
mirror partners when $m \tilde{m} = k + Q$.


  The recent speculation of Maggiore that the periodicity of a black hole may
be the origin of the area quantization law is confirmed. We exclusively utilize
the period of motion of an outgoing wave, which is shown to be related to the
vibrational frequency of the perturbed black hole, to quantize the horizon
areas of a Schwarzschild black hole and a Kerr black hole. It is shown that the
equally spaced area spectrum for both cases takes the same form and the spacing
is the same as that obtained through the quasinormal mode frequencies.
Particularly, for a Kerr black hole, the small angular momentum assumption,
which is necessary from the perspective of quasinormal mode, is not employed as
the general area spacing is reproduced.


  Treatment planning systems at proton-therapy centres generally use X-ray
computed tomography (CT) as primary imaging technique to infer the proton
treatment doses to tumour and healthy tissues. However, proton stopping powers
in the body, as derived from X-ray images, suffer from important proton-range
uncertainties. In order to reduce this uncertainty in range, one could use
proton-CT images instead. The main goal of this work is to test the
capabilities of a newly-developed proton-CT scanner, based on the use of a set
of tracking detectors and a high energy resolution scintillator for the
residual energy of the protons. Different custom-made phantoms were positioned
at the field of view of the scanner and were irradiated with protons at the CCB
proton-therapy center in Krakow. We measured with the phantoms at different
angles and produced sinograms that were used to obtain reconstructed images by
Filtered Back-Projection (FBP). The obtained images were used to determine the
capabilities of our scanner in terms of spatial resolution and proton Relative
Stopping Power mapping and validate its use as proton-CT scanner. The results
show that the scanner can produce medium-high quality images, with spatial
resolution better than 2 mm in radiography, below 3 mm in tomography and
resolving power in the RSP comparable to other state of the art pCT cameras.


  We construct a model of a universe filled with a perfect fluid with isotropic
particle pressure. The anisotropic plane symmetric Kasner spacetime is used as
a seed metric and through a conformal mapping a perfect fluid is generated. The
model is inhomogeneous, irrotational, shearing and accelerating. For negative
time, the universe is expanding while for positive time it is collapsing. With
the aid of graphical three dimensional plots it is established that the density
and pressure hypersurfaces are smooth and singularity free. Additionally the
sound-speed index is computed and the fluid obeys causality criterion.


  Smart meters are an enabling technology for many smart grid applications.
This paper introduces a design for a low-cost smart meter system as well as the
fundamentals of smart metering. The smart meter platform, provided as open
hardware, is designed with a connector interface compatible to the Arduino
platform, thus opening the possibilities for smart meters with flexible
hardware and computation features, starting from low-cost 8 bit micro
controllers up to powerful single board computers that can run Linux. The
metering platform features a current transformer which allows a non-intrusive
installation of the current measurement unit. The suggested design can switch
loads, offers a variable sampling frequency, and provides measurement data such
as active power, reactive and apparent power. Results indicate that measurement
accuracy and resolution of the proposed metering platform are sufficient for a
range of different applications and loads from a few watts up to five
kilowatts.


  I develop simple thermodynamic relations for a collection of noninteracting
classical particles confined in a harmonic trap. The volume of such a trap is
not a good thermodynamic variable, so conventional expressions of the first law
of thermodynamics and the ideal gas law must be modified. I use the frequency
of oscillations about the minimum of the trap as an external parameter
characterizing the confinement, and derive elementary relations between
particle number, temperature, energy, oscillation frequency, and a generalized
pressure, that are analogous to conventional thermodynamic relations for an
ideal gas in a rigid volume. I also discuss heat capacities for trapped
particles.


  Security at the physical layer (PHY) is a salient research topic in wireless
systems, and machine learning (ML) is emerging as a powerful tool for providing
new data-driven security solutions. Therefore, the application of ML techniques
to the PHY security is of crucial importance in the landscape of more and more
data-driven wireless services. In this context, we first summarize the family
of bespoke ML algorithms that are eminently suitable for wireless security.
Then, we review the recent progress in ML-aided PHY security, where the term
"PHY security" is classified into two different types: i) PHY authentication
and ii) secure PHY transmission. Moreover, we treat neural networks as special
types of ML and present how to deal with PHY security optimization problems
using neural networks. Finally, we identify some major challenges and
opportunities in tackling PHY security challenges by applying carefully
tailored ML tools.


  This paper contains the individual contributions of all speakers of the
session on 'Last Call for RHIC Predictions' at Quark Matter 99, and a summary
by the convenor.


  SnTe is a prototypical topological crystalline insulator, in which the
gapless surface state is protected by a crystal symmetry. The hallmark of the
topological properties in SnTe is the Dirac cones projected to the surfaces
with mirror symmetry, stemming from the band inversion near the L points of its
bulk Brillouin zone, which can be measured by angle-resolved photoemission. We
have obtained the (111) surface of SnTe film by molecular beam epitaxy on
BaF2(111) substrate. Photon-energy-dependence of in situ angle-resolved
photoemission, covering multiple Brillouin zones in the direction perpendicular
tothe (111) surface, demonstrate the projected Dirac cones at the Gamma_bar and
M_bar points of the surface Brillouinzone. In addition, we observe a
Dirac-cone-like band structure at the Gamma point of the bulk Brillouin
zone,whose Dirac energy is largely different from those at the Gamma_bar and
M_bar points.


  By using the recursion relations found in the framework of N=2 Super
Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(2), we reconstruct the structure of the
instanton moduli space and its volume form for all winding numbers. The
construction is reminiscent of the Deligne-Knudsen-Mumford compactification and
uses an analogue of the Wolpert restriction phenomenon which arises in the case
of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces.


  The Jovian magnetosphere is complicated by the multiple plasma sources and
ion species present within it, as well as fast rotation with its dipole axis
titled from its rotational axis. To date global models of Jovian have neglected
the presence of the different ion species as well as the tilted nature of the
dipole axis. This paper reports the results of the first multi-fluid global
modeling of these effects in a single self-consistent study for processes
occurring in the outer magnetosphere. In the inner magnetosphere the model
densities are shown to be comparable to observed densities with much of the
density variables due to the wobble. The wobble enables plasma to be
transported to higher latitudes and then centrifugal acceleration leads to
radial transport of the plasma. At the interface between the middle and outer
magnetosphere, the wobble produces a sinusoidal modulation of the plasma
properties, which yields at a fixed observing point two density peaks, each
with the planetary period. However, because of solar wind forcing and the fast
rotation of Jupiter, torques are exerted on the outer magnetospheric plasma
such that the azimuthal speed between the southern and northern hemispheres are
unequal. This leads to the asymmetric square wave modulation of the plasma
properties in the outer magnetosphere such that only one density peak is seen
each planetary period in the outer magnetosphere. This differential speed leads
to reconnection in the tail at the planetary period and enhanced ejection of
plasma down the tail at the planetary period. These processes could explain the
periodicity seen in the New Horizons' data without the need for invoking
arbitrary solar wind conditions. The energetic particles generated by these
processes are shown to map to the arc-like structures seen in the dusk side
auroral features.


  Hundreds of thousands of astronomy education activities exist, but their
discoverability and quality is highly variable. The web platform for astronomy
education activities, astroEDU, presented in this paper tries to solve these
issues. Using the familiar peer-review workflow of scientific publications,
astroEDU is improving standards of quality, visibility and accessibility, while
providing credibility to these astronomy education activities. astroEDU targets
activity guides, tutorials and other educational activities in the area of
astronomy education, prepared by teachers, educators and other education
specialists. Each of the astroEDU activities is peer-reviewed by an educator as
well as an astronomer to ensure a high standard in terms of scientific content
and educational value. All reviewed materials are then stored in a free open
online database, enabling broad distribution in a range of different formats.
In this way astroEDU is not another web repository for educational resources
but a mechanism for peer-reviewing and publishing high-quality astronomy
education activities in an open access way. This paper will provide an account
on the implementation and first findings of the use of astroEDU.


  In this paper, using the canonical correspondence between the idempotents and
clopens, we obtain several new results on lifting idempotents. The Zariski
clopens of the maximal spectrum are precisely determined, then as an
application, lifting idempotents modulo the Jacobson radical is characterized.
Lifting idempotents modulo an arbitrary ideal is also characterized in terms of
certain connected sets related to that ideal. Then as an application, we obtain
that the sum of a lifting ideal and a regular ideal is a lifting ideal. We
prove that lifting idempotents preserves the orthogonality in countable cases.
The lifting property of an arbitrary morphism of rings is characterized. As
another major result, it is proved that the number of idempotents of a ring $R$
is finite if and only if it is of the form $2^{\kappa}$ where $\kappa$ is the
cardinal of the connected components of Spec$(R)$. Finally, it is proved that
the primitive idempotents of a zero dimensional ring are in 1-1 correspondence
with the isolated points of its prime spectrum. These results either generalize
or improve several important results in the literature.


  We define the $m$th-order Eulerian numbers with a combinatorial
interpretation. The recurrence relation of the $m$th-order Eulerian numbers,
the row generating function and the row sums of the $m$th-order Eulerian
triangle are presented. We also define the $m$th-order Eulerian fraction and
its alternative form. Some properties of the $m$th-order Eulerian fractions are
represented by using differentiation and integration. An inversion relationship
between second-order Eulerian numbers and Stirling numbers of the second kind
is given. Finally, we give the exact expression of the values of the
$m$th-order Eulerian numbers.


  We present an estimation of the point source (PS) catalogue that could be
extracted from the forthcoming ESA Planck mission data. We have applied the
Spherical Mexican Hat Wavelet (SMHW) to simulated all-sky maps that include
CMB, Galactic emission (thermal dust, free-free and synchrotron), thermal
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and PS emission, as well as instrumental white noise.
This work is an extension of the one presented in Vielva et al. (2001a). We
have developed an algorithm focused on a fast local optimal scale
determination, that is crucial to achieve a PS catalogue with a large number of
detections and a low flux limit. An important effort has been also done to
reduce the CPU time processor for spherical harmonic transformation, in order
to perform the PS detection in a reasonable time. The presented algorithm is
able to provide a PS catalogue above fluxes: 0.48 Jy (857 GHz), 0.49 Jy (545
GHz), 0.18 Jy (353 GHz), 0.12 Jy (217 GHz), 0.13 Jy (143 GHz), 0.16 Jy (100 GHz
HFI), 0.19 Jy (100 GHz LFI), 0.24 Jy (70 GHz), 0.25 Jy (44 GHz) and 0.23 Jy (30
GHz). We detect around 27700 PS at the highest frequency Planck channel and
2900 at the 30 GHz one. The completeness level are: 70% (857 GHz), 75% (545
GHz), 70% (353 GHz), 80% (217 GHz), 90% (143 GHz), 85% (100 GHz HFI), 80% (100
GHz LFI), 80% (70 GHz), 85% (44 GHz) and 80% (30 GHz). In addition, we can find
several PS at different channels, allowing the study of the spectral behaviour
and the physical processes acting on them. We also present the basic procedure
to apply the method in maps convolved with asymmetric beams. The algorithm
takes ~ 72 hours for the most CPU time demanding channel (857 GHz) in a Compaq
HPC320 (Alpha EV68 1 GHz processor) and requires 4 GB of RAM memory.