  We present a differential equation-based mathematical model of nectar
foraging by the honey bee Apis mellifera. The model focuses on two behavioural
classes; nectar foragers and nectar receivers. Results generated from the model
are used to demonstrate how different classes within a collective can
collaborate to combine information and produce finely tuned decisions through
simple interactions. In particular we show the importance of the `search time'
- the time a returning forager takes to find an available nectar receiver - in
restricting the forager population to a level consistent with colony-wide
needs.


  We employ a basic formalism from convex analysis to show a simple relation
between the entanglement of formation $E_F$ and the conjugate function $E^*$ of
the entanglement function $E(\rho)=S(\trace_A\rho)$. We then consider the
conjectured strong superadditivity of the entanglement of formation $E_F(\rho)
\ge E_F(\rho_I)+E_F(\rho_{II})$, where $\rho_I$ and $\rho_{II}$ are the
reductions of $\rho$ to the different Hilbert space copies, and prove that it
is equivalent with subadditivity of $E^*$. As an application, we show that
strong superadditivity would follow from multiplicativity of the maximal
channel output purity for all non-trace-preserving quantum channels, when
purity is measured by Schatten $p$-norms for $p$ tending to 1.


  We report the first isotopic composition measurements of trinitite, nuclear
detonation debris from the Trinity test, using the novel forensics technique of
decay energy spectroscopy (DES). DES measures the unique total decay energy (Q
value) of each alpha-decaying isotope in a small radioactive sample embedded in
a microcalorimeter detector. We find that DES can measure the major
alpha-decaying isotopes in small particles of trinitite with no dissolution or
chemical processing. These first measurements demonstrate the potential of DES
to provide a radiometric isotopic characterization method with sensitivity and
precision to complement traditional forensics techniques.


  The spin-lattice coupling plays an important role in strongly frustrated
magnets. In ZnCr$_2$O$_4$, an excellent realization of the Heisenberg
antiferromagnet on the ``pyrochlore'' network, a lattice distortion relieves
the geometrical frustration through a spin-Peierls-like phase transition at
$T_c = 12.5$ K. Conversely, spin correlations strongly influence the elastic
properties of a frustrated magnet. By using infrared spectroscopy and published
data on magnetic specific heat, we demonstrate that the frequency of an optical
phonon triplet in ZnCr$_2$O$_4$ tracks the nearest-neighbor spin correlations
above $T_c$. The splitting of the phonon triplet below $T_c$ provides a way to
measure of the spin-Peierls order parameter.


  We consider the problem of inference for parameters selected to report only
after some algorithm, the canonical example being inference for model
parameters after a model selection procedure. The conditional correction for
selection requires knowledge of how the selection is affected by changes in the
underlying data, and current research explicitly describes this selection. In
this work, we assume 1) we have in silico access to the selection algorithm and
2) for parameters of interest, the data input into the algorithm satisfies
(pre-selection) a central limit theorem jointly with an estimator of our
parameter of interest. Under these assumptions, we recast the problem into a
statistical learning problem which can be fit with off-the-shelf models for
binary regression. The feature points in this problem are set by the user,
opening up the possibility of active learning methods for computationally
expensive selection algorithms. We consider two examples previously out of
reach of this conditional approach: stability selection and multiple
cross-validation.


  This paper reports on the determination of $\alpha_S$ from lattice
simulations with 2+1+1 twisted-mass dynamical flavours {\it via} the
computation of the ghost-gluon coupling renormalized in the MOM Taylor scheme.
A high-statistics sample of gauge configurations, used to evaluate the coupling
from ghost and gluon propagators, allows for the appropriate update of previous
results, now performing an improved analysis of data with reduced statistical
errors and the systematical uncertainties under a better control.


  In this paper, we study $L^1$-matrix convex sets $\{K_{n}\}$ in $*$-locally
convex spaces and show that every C$^*$-ordered operator space is complete
isometrically, completely isomorphic to $\{A_{0}(K_{n}, M_{n}(V))\}$ for a
suitable $L^1$-matrix convex set $\{K_{n}\}$. Further, we generalize the notion
of regular embedding of a compact convex set to $L^{1}$-regular embedding of
$L^{1}$-matrix convex set. Using $L^{1}$-regular embedding of $L^{1}$-convex
set, we find conditions under which $A_{0}(K_{n}, M_{n}(V))$ is an abstract
operator system.


  In this paper we study welded knots and their invariants. We focus on
generating examples of non-trivial knotted ribbon tori as the tube of welded
knots that are obtained from classical knot diagrams by welding some of the
crossings. Non-triviality is shown by determining the fundamental group of the
concerned welded knot. Sample examples under consideration are the standard
diagrams of the family of $(2,q)$ torus knots and the twist knots. Standard
diagrams of knots from Rolfsen's tables with $6$ crossings are also discussed
which are not in the family of torus and twist knots.


  Here we report the results of an investigation into the effects of ionizing
radiation on commercial-off-the-shelf InGaAs and Si photodiodes. The
photodiodes were exposed to 30, 52, and 98 MeV protons with fluences ranging
from 10^8 - 5x10^11 protons/cm^2 at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility.
We tested the photodiodes for changes to their dark current and their relative
responsivity as a function of wavelength. The Si photodiodes showed increasing
damage to their responsivity with increasing fluence; the InGaAs photodiodes
showed significantly increased dark current as the fluence increased. In
addition, we monitored the absolute responsivity of the InGaAs photodiodes over
their entire bandpass. Our measurements showed no evidence for broadband
degradation or graying of the response at the fluences tested. All measurements
in this investigation were made relative to detectors traceable to NIST
standards.


  In this paper we study some aspects of knots and links in lens spaces.
Namely, if we consider lens spaces as quotient of the unit ball $B^{3}$ with
suitable identification of boundary points, then we can project the links on
the equatorial disk of $B^{3}$, obtaining a regular diagram for them. In this
contest, we obtain a complete finite set of Reidemeister type moves
establishing equivalence, up to ambient isotopy, a Wirtinger type presentation
for the fundamental group of the complement of the link and a diagrammatic
method giving the first homology group. We also compute Alexander polynomial
and twisted Alexander polynomials of this class of links, showing their
correlation with Reidemeister torsion.


  In this paper we investigate rods made of nonlinearly elastic,
composite--materials that feature a micro-heterogeneous prestrain that
oscillates (locally periodic) on a scale that is small compared to the length
of the rod. As a main result we derive a homogenized bending-torsion theory for
rods as $\Gamma$-limit from 3D nonlinear elasticity by simultaneous
homogenization and dimension reduction under the assumption that the prestrain
is of the order of the diameter of the rod. The limit model features a
spontaneous curvature-torsion tensor that captures the macroscopic effect of
the micro-heterogeneous prestrain. We device a formula that allows to compute
the spontaneous curvature-torsion tensor by means of a weighted average of the
given prestrain. The weight in the average depends on the geometry of the
composite and invokes correctors that are defined with help of boundary value
problems for the system of linear elasticity. The definition of the correctors
depends on a relative scaling parameter $\gamma$, which monitors the ratio
between the diameter of the rod and the period of the composite's
microstructure. We observe an interesting size-effect: For the same prestrain a
transition from flat minimizers to curved minimizers occurs by just changing
the value of $\gamma$. Moreover, in the paper we analytically investigate the
microstructure-properties relation in the case of isotropic, layered
composites, and consider applications to nematic liquid-crystal-elastomer rods
and shape programming.


  Using the empirical data from the Norwegian tax office, we analyse the wealth
and income of the richest individuals in Norway during the period 2010--2013.
We find that both annual income and wealth level of the richest individuals are
describable using the Pareto law. We find that the robust mean Pareto exponent
over the four-year period to be $\approx 2.3$ for income and $\approx 1.5$ for
wealth.


  In this paper by reduction we construct a family of conformally flat
Hamiltonian-minimal Lagrangian tori in $\mathbb{CP}^3$ as the image of the
composition of the Hopf map $\mathcal{H}: \mathbb{S}^7\to \mathbb{CP}^3$ and a
map $\psi:\mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{S}^7$ with certain conditions.


  A new relative orbit solution with new dynamical masses is determined for the
nearby white dwarf - red dwarf pair 40 Eri BC. The period is 230.09+/-0.68y. It
is predicted to close slowly over the next half-century getting as close as
1.32" in early 2066. We determine masses of 0.575+/-0.018 $m_\odot$ for the
white dwarf and 0.2041+/-0.0064 $m_\odot$ for the red dwarf companion. The
inconsistency of the masses determined by gravitational redshift and dynamical
techniques, due to a premature orbit calculation, no longer exists.


  Customization generation techniques have significantly advanced the synthesis
of specific concepts across varied contexts. Multi-concept customization
emerges as the challenging task within this domain. Existing approaches often
rely on training a fusion matrix of multiple Low-Rank Adaptations (LoRAs) to
merge various concepts into a single image. However, we identify this
straightforward method faces two major challenges: 1) concept confusion, where
the model struggles to preserve distinct individual characteristics, and 2)
concept vanishing, where the model fails to generate the intended subjects. To
address these issues, we introduce LoRA-Composer, a training-free framework
designed for seamlessly integrating multiple LoRAs, thereby enhancing the
harmony among different concepts within generated images. LoRA-Composer
addresses concept vanishing through concept injection constraints, enhancing
concept visibility via an expanded cross-attention mechanism. To combat concept
confusion, concept isolation constraints are introduced, refining the
self-attention computation. Furthermore, latent re-initialization is proposed
to effectively stimulate concept-specific latent within designated regions. Our
extensive testing showcases a notable enhancement in LoRA-Composer's
performance compared to standard baselines, especially when eliminating the
image-based conditions like canny edge or pose estimations. Code is released at
\url{https://github.com/Young98CN/LoRA_Composer}


  In an experiment in a diamond anvil cell utilizing helium pressure medium,
yttrium metal displays a superconducting transition temperature which increases
monotonically from Tc ? 3.5 K at 30 GPa to 17 K at 89.3 GPa, one of the highest
transition temperatures for any elemental superconductor. The pressure
dependence of Tc differs substantially from that observed in previous studies
under quasihydrostatic pressure to 30 GPa. Remarkably, the dependence of Tc on
relative volume V/Vo is linear over the entire pressure range above 33 GPa,
implying that higher values of Tc are likely at higher pressures. For the
trivalent metals Sc, Y, La, Lu there appears to be some correlation between Tc
and the ratio of the Wigner-Seitz radius to the ion core radius.


  Understanding the relaxation pathways of photoexcited molecules is essential
to gain atomistic level insight into photochemistry. Herein, we perform a
time-resolved study of ultrafast molecular symmetry breaking via geometric
relaxation (Jahn-Teller distortion) on the methane cation. Attosecond transient
absorption spectroscopy with soft X-rays at the carbon K-edge reveals that the
distortion occurs within $10\pm 2$ femtoseconds after few-femtosecond
strong-field ionization of methane. The distortion activates coherent
oscillations in the scissoring vibrational mode of the symmetry broken cation,
which are detected in the X-ray signal. These oscillations are damped within
$58\pm13$ femtoseconds, as vibrational coherence is lost with the energy
redistributing into lower-frequency vibrational modes. This study completely
reconstructs the molecular relaxation dynamics of this prototypical example and
opens new avenues for exploring complex systems.


  Accurate density estimation methodologies play an integral role in a variety
of scientific disciplines, with applications including simulation models,
decision support tools, and exploratory data analysis. In the past, histograms
and kernel density estimators have been the predominant tools of choice,
primarily due to their ease of use and mathematical simplicity. More recently,
the use of wavelets for density estimation has gained in popularity due to
their ability to approximate a large class of functions, including those with
localized, abrupt variations. However, a well-known attribute of wavelet bases
is that they can not be simultaneously symmetric, orthogonal, and compactly
supported. Multiwavelets-a more general, vector-valued, construction of
wavelets-overcome this disadvantage, making them natural choices for estimating
density functions, many of which exhibit local symmetries around features such
as a mode. We extend the methodology of wavelet density estimation to use
multiwavelet bases and illustrate several empirical results where multiwavelet
estimators outperform their wavelet counterparts at coarser resolution levels.


  This paper verifies Abhyankar's Inertia Conjecture for certain sporadic
groups $G$ in particular characteristics by showing that all possible inertia
groups occur for $G$-Galois covers of the affine line. For a larger set of
sporadic groups, all but finitely many possible ramification invariants are
shown to occur. In particular, we prove that all but eight of the possible
ramification invariants are realizable for $\text{M}_{11}$-Galois covers of the
affine line.


  Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), which aims to identify the correct sense of
a given polyseme, is a long-standing problem in NLP. In this paper, we propose
to use BERT to extract better polyseme representations for WSD and explore
several ways of combining BERT and the classifier. We also utilize sense
definitions to train a unified classifier for all words, which enables the
model to disambiguate unseen polysemes. Experiments show that our model
achieves the state-of-the-art results on the standard English All-word WSD
evaluation.


  In this paper, we propose an efficient implementation of combining Dynamical
Mean field theory (DMFT) with electronic structure calculation based on the
local density approximation (LDA). The pseudo-potential-plane-wave method is
used in the LDA part, which makes it possible to be applied to large systems.
The full loop self consistency of the charge density has been reached in our
implementation which allows us to compute the total energy related properties.
The procedure of LDA+DMFT is introduced in detail with a complete flow chart.
We have also applied our code to study the electronic structure of several
typical strong correlated materials, including Cerium, Americium and NiO. Our
results fit quite well with both the experimental data and previous studies.


  We investigated the role of the cyclotron emission (CE) associated to cosmic
magnetic fields (MF) on the evolution of cosmic microwave background (CMB)
spectral distortions. We computed the photon and energy injection rates by
including spontaneous and stimulated emission and absorption. These CE rates
have been compared with those of bremsstrahlung (BR) and double Compton
scattering (DC), for realistic CMB distorted spectra at various cosmic epochs.
For reasonable MF strengths we found that the CE contribution to the evolution
of the CMB spectrum is much smaller than the BR and DC contributions. The
constraints on the energy exchanges at various redshifts can be then derived,
under quite general assumptions, by considering only Compton scattering (CS),
BR, and DC, other than the considered dissipation process. Upper limits to the
CMB polarization degree induced by CE have been estimated.


  Background and Aims: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is routinely used for
diagnosis and risk stratification following myocardial infarction (MI), though
its interpretation is confounded by anatomical variability and sex differences.
Women have a higher incidence of missed MI diagnosis and poorer outcomes
following infarction. Sex differences in ECG biomarkers and torso-ventricular
anatomy have not been well characterised, largely due to the absence of
high-throughput torso reconstruction methods.
  Methods: This work presents quantification of sex differences in ECG versus
anatomical biomarkers in healthy and post-MI subjects, enabled by a novel,
end-to-end automated pipeline for torso-ventricular anatomical reconstruction
from clinically standard cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Personalised 3D
torso-ventricular reconstructions were generated for 425 post-MI subjects and
1051 healthy controls from the UK Biobank. Regression models were created
relating the extracted torso-ventricular and ECG parameters.
  Results: Half the sex difference in QRS durations is explained by smaller
ventricles in women both in healthy ($3.4 \pm 1.3$ms of $6.0 \pm 1.5$ms) and
post-MI ($4.5 \pm 1.4$ms of $8.3 \pm 2.5$ms) subjects. Lower baseline STj
amplitude in women is also associated with smaller ventricles, and more
superior and posterior cardiac position. Post-MI T wave amplitude and R axis
deviations are more strongly associated with a more posterior and horizontal
cardiac position in women rather than electrophysiology as in men.
  Conclusion: A novel computational pipeline enables the three-dimensional
reconstruction of 1476 torso-cardiac geometries of healthy and post-myocardial
infarction subjects, quantification of sex and BMI-related differences and
association with ECG biomarkers. Any ECG-based tool should be reviewed
considering anatomical sex differences to avoid sex-biased outcomes.


  We consider a dimer lattice of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) type,
where alternating linear couplings have a controllably small difference, and
the cubic nonlinearity ($\beta$-FPUT) is the same for all interaction pairs. We
use a weakly nonlinear formal reduction within the lattice bandgap to obtain a
continuum, nonlinear Dirac-type system. We derive the Dirac soliton profiles
and the model's conservation laws analytically. We then examine the cases of
the semi-infinite and the finite domains and illustrate how the soliton
solutions of the bulk problem can be ``glued'' to the boundaries for different
types of boundary conditions. We thus explain the existence of various kinds of
nonlinear edge states in the system, of which only one leads to the standard
topological edge states observed in the linear limit. We finally examine the
stability of bulk and edge states and verify them through direct numerical
simulations, in which we observe a solitary wave setting into motion due to the
instability.


  Survey respondents may give untruthful answers to sensitive questions when
asked directly. In recent years, researchers have turned to the list experiment
(also known as the item count technique) to overcome this difficulty. While
list experiments may be less prone to bias than direct questioning, list
experiments are also more susceptible to sampling variability. We show that
researchers do not have to abandon direct questioning altogether in order to
gain the advantages of list experimentation. We develop a nonparametric
estimator of the prevalence of sensitive behaviors that combines list
experimentation and direct questioning. We prove that this estimator is
asymptotically more efficient than the standard difference-in-means estimator,
and we provide a basis for inference using Wald-type confidence intervals.
Additionally, leveraging information from the direct questioning, we derive two
nonparametric placebo tests of the identifying assumptions for the list
experiment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our combined estimator and
placebo tests with an original survey experiment.


  We investigate a well studied system of a quantum dot coupled to a Coulomb
box and leads, realizing a spin-flavor Kondo model. It exhibits a recently
discovered non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behavior with emergent SO(5) symmetry. Here,
through a detailed bosonization and refermionization solution, we push forward
our previous work and provide a consistent and complete description of the
various exotic properties and phase diagram. A unique NFL phase emerges from
the presence of an uncoupled Majorana fermion from the flavor sector, whereas
FL-like susceptibilities result from the gapping out of a pair of Majroana
fermions from the spin and flavor sectors. Other properties, such as a
$T^{3/2}$ scaling of the conductance, stability under channel or spin symmetry
breaking and a re-appearance of NFL behavior upon breaking the particle-hole
symmetry, are all accounted for by a renormalization group treatment of the
refermionized Majorana model.


  We consider several graphs classes defined in terms of conditions on cliques
and stable sets, including CIS, split, equistable, and other related classes.
We pursue a systematic study of the relations between them. As part of this
study, we introduce two generalizations of CIS graphs, obtain a new
characterization of split graphs, and a characterization of CIS line graphs.


  We study the interplay between phase separation and self-assembly in chains,
rings and branched structures in a model of particles with dissimilar patches.
We extend Wertheim's first order perturbation theory to include the effects of
ring formation and theoretically investigate the thermodynamics of the model.
We find a peculiar shape for the vapor-liquid coexistence, featuring re-entrant
behavior in both phases and two critical points, despite the single-component
nature of the system. The emergence of the lower critical point is caused by
the self-assembly of rings taking place in the vapor, generating a phase with
lower energy and lower entropy than the liquid. Monte Carlo simulations of the
same model fully support these unconventional theoretical predictions.


  The Embedded Horizon is defined to be a horizon that is in equilibrium with
the exterior of the black hole, that is, isolated on the outside, but
dynamically evolving on the inside, analogous to the inner and outer event
horizons of the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. This is shown as the result of
charge variance on the horizon, which is expressed in electrical angular
coordinates. The mass and energy of the black hole are discussed. The intrinsic
metric is calculated by taking the electric potential into consideration. An
area law evolution law is formulated, which suggests that the inner dynamical
horizon evolves until it reaches the radius of the isolated horizon. The
dynamical horizon, then, reaches equilibrium with the exterior, turning into an
isolated horizon, thus turning extremal.


  We present an explicit basis for orders of arbitrary level N>1 in definite
rational quaternion algebras. These orders have applications to computations of
spaces of elliptic and quaternionic modular forms.


  We investigate how a fast radio burst (FRB) emitted near a magnetar would
propagate through its surrounding dipole magnetosphere at radii $r=10^7$-$10^9$
cm. First, we show that a GHz burst emitted in the O-mode with luminosity $L\gg
10^{40}$ erg/s is immediately damped for all propagation directions except a
narrow cone along the magnetic axis. Then we examine bursts in the X-mode. GHz
waves propagating near the magnetic equator behave as magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
waves if they have $L\gg 10^{40}$ erg/s. The waves develop plasma shocks in
each oscillation and dissipate at $r\sim 3 \times 10^8 L_{42}^{-1/4}$ cm. Waves
with lower $L$ or propagation directions closer to the magnetic axis do not
obey MHD. Instead, they interact with individual particles and require a
kinetic description. The kinetic interaction quickly accelerates particles to
Lorentz factors $10^4$-$10^5$ at the expense of the wave energy, which again
results in strong damping of the wave. In either propagation regime, MHD or
kinetic, the dipole magnetosphere surrounding the FRB source acts as a pillow
absorbing the radio burst and re-radiating the absorbed energy in X-rays. These
results constrain the origin of observed FRBs. We argue that the observed FRBs
avoid damping because they are emitted by relativistic outflows from
magnetospheric explosions, so that the GHz waves do not need to propagate
through the outer equilibrium magnetosphere surrounding the magnetar.


  A thorough classification of the topologies of compact homogeneous universes
is given except for the hyperbolic spaces, and their global degrees of freedom
are completely worked out. To obtain compact universes, spatial points are
identified by discrete subgroups of the isometry group of the generalized
Thurston geometries, which are related to the Bianchi and the
Kantowski-Sachs-Nariai universes. Corresponding to this procedure their total
degrees of freedom are shown to be categorised into those of the universal
covering space and the Teichm\"uller parameters. The former are given by
constructing homogeneous metrics on simply connected manifold. The
Teichm\"uller spaces are also given by explicitly constructing expressions for
the discrete subgroups of the isometry group.


  We determine all triples $(a,b,n)$ of positive integers such that $a$ and $b$
are relatively prime and $n^k$ divides $a^n + b^n$ (respectively, $a^n - b^n$),
when $k$ is the maximum of $a$ and $b$ (in fact, we answer a slightly more
general question). As a by-product, it is found that, for $m, n \in \mathbb
N^+$ with $n \ge 2$, $n^m$ divides $ m^n + 1$ if and only if $(m,n)=(2,3)$ or
$(1,2)$, which generalizes problems from the 1990 and 1999 editions of the
International Mathematical Olympiad. The results are related to a conjecture by
K. Gy\H{o}ry and C. Smyth on the finiteness of the sets $R_k^\pm(a,b) := \{n
\in \mathbb N^+: n^k \mid a^n \pm b^n\}$, when $a,b,k$ are fixed integers with
$k \ge 3$, $\gcd(a,b) = 1$ and $|ab| \ge 2$.


  A novel hierarchical model is introduced to solve a general problem of
detecting groups of similar objects. Under this model, detection of groups is
performed in hierarchically organized layers while each layer represents a
scope for target objects. The processing of these layers involves sequential
extraction of appearance features for an individual object, consistency
measurement features for nearby objects, and finally the distribution features
for all objects within the group. Using the concept of scope-based
normalization, the extracted features not only enhance local contrast of an
individual object, but also provide consistent characterization for all related
objects. As an example, a microcalcification group detection system for 2D
mammography was developed, and then the learned model was transferred to 3D
digital breast tomosynthesis without any retraining or fine-tuning. The
detection system demonstrated state-of-the-art performance and detected 96% of
cancerous lesions at the rate of 1.2 false positives per volume as measured on
an independent tomosynthesis test set.


  Authentication is the first defence mechanism in many electronic systems,
including Internet of Things (IoT) applications, as it is essential for other
security services such as intrusion detection. As existing authentication
solutions proposed for IoT environments do not provide multi-level
authentication assurance, particularly for device-to-device authentication
scenarios, we recently proposed the M2I (Multi-Factor Multi-Level and
Interaction based Authentication) framework to facilitate multi-factor
authentication of devices in device-to-device and device-to-multiDevice
interactions. In this paper, we extend the framework to address group
authentication. Two Many-to-One (M2O) protocols are proposed, the Hybrid Group
Authentication and Key Acquisition (HGAKA) protocol and the Hybrid Group Access
(HGA) protocol. The protocols use a combination of symmetric and asymmetric
cryptographic primitives to facilitate multifactor group authentication. The
informal analysis and formal security verification show that the protocols
satisfy the desirable security requirements and are secure against
authentication attacks.


  Two CCD epochs of light minimum and a complete R light curve of SS Ari are
presented. The light curve obtained in 2007 was analyzed with the 2003 version
of the W-D code. It is shown that SS Ari is a shallow contact binary system
with a mass ratio $q=3.25$ and a degree of contact factor f=9.4(\pm0.8%). A
period investigation based on all available data shows that there may exist two
distinct solutions about the assumed third body. One, assuming eccentric orbit
of the third body and constant orbital period of the eclipsing pair results in
a massive third body with $M_3=1.73M_{\odot}$ and P_3=87.0$yr. On the contrary,
assuming continuous period changes of the eclipsing pair the orbital period of
tertiary is 37.75yr and its mass is about $0.278M_{\odot}$. Both of the cases
suggest the presence of an unseen third component in the system.


  Hand-curated natural language systems provide an inspectable, correctable
alternative to language systems based on machine learning, but maintaining them
requires considerable effort and expertise. Interactive Natural Language
Debugging (INLD) aims to lessen this burden by casting debugging as a reasoning
problem, asking the user a series of questions to diagnose and correct errors
in the system's knowledge. In this paper, we present work in progress on an
interactive error diagnosis system for the CNLU semantic parser. We show how
the first two stages of the INLD pipeline (symptom identification and error
localization) can be cast as a model-based diagnosis problem, demonstrate our
system's ability to diagnose semantic errors on synthetic examples, and discuss
design challenges and frontiers for future work.


  We present here a minor modification of our numerical implementation of the
Hall effect for the 2D Riemann solver used in Constrained Transport schemes, as
described in Marchand et al. (2018). In the previous work, the tests showed
that the angular momentum was not conserved during protostellar collapse
simulations, with significant impact. By removing the whistler waves speed from
the characteristic speeds of non-magnetic variables in the 1D Riemann solver,
we are able to improve the angular momentum conservation in our test-case by
one order of magnitude, while keeping the second-order numerical convergence of
the scheme. We also reproduce the simulations of Tsukamoto et al. (2015) with
consistent resistivities, the three non-ideal MHD effects and initial rotation,
and agree with their results. In this case, the violation of angular momentum
conservation is negligible in regard to the total angular momentum and the
angular momentum of the disk.


  To verify the conjecture that Yang-Mills theory in the infrared limit is
equivalent to a spin system whose excitations are knot solitons, a numerical
algorithm based on the inverse Monte Carlo method is proposed. To investigate
the stability of the effective spin field action, numerical studies of the
renormalization group flow for the coupling constants are suggested. A
universality of the effective spin field action is also discussed.


  In frustrated magnetic systems with competing interactions fluctuations can
lift the residual accidental degeneracy. We argue that the state selection may
have different outcomes for quantum and thermal order by disorder. As an
example, we consider the semiclassical Heisenberg fcc antiferromagnet with only
the nearest-neighbor interactions. Zero-point oscillations select the type 3
collinear antiferromagnetic state at T=0. Thermal fluctuations favor instead
the type 1 antiferromagnetic structure. The opposite tendencies result in a
finite-temperature transition between the two collinear states. Competition
between effects of quantum and thermal order by disorder is a general
phenomenon and is also realized in the J1-J2 square-lattice antiferromagnet at
the critical point J2 = 0.5 J1.


  During tissue invasion individual tumor cells exhibit two interconvertible
migration modes, namely mesenchymal and amoeboid migration. The cellular
microenvironment triggers the switch between both modes, thereby allowing
adaptation to dynamic conditions. It is, however, unclear if this
amoeboid-mesenchymal migration plasticity contributes to a more effective tumor
invasion. We address this question with a mathematical model, where the
amoeboid-mesenchymal migration plasticity is regulated in response to local
extracellular matrix resistance. Our numerical analysis reveals that
extracellular matrix structure and presence of a chemotactic gradient are key
determinants of the model behavior. Only in complex microenvironments, if the
extracellular matrix is highly heterogeneous and a chemotactic gradient directs
migration, the amoeboid-mesenchymal migration plasticity allows a more
widespread invasion compared to the non-switching amoeboid and mesenchymal
modes. Importantly, these specific conditions are characteristic for in vivo
tumor invasion. Thus, our study suggests that \emph{in vitro} systems aiming at
unraveling the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumor invasion should take
into account the complexity of the microenvironment by considering the combined
effects of structural heterogeneities and chemical gradients on cell migration.


  We have examined extended structures, bridges and arches, in computer
generated, non-sequentially stabilized, hard sphere deposits. The bridges and
arches have well defined distributions of sizes and shapes. The distribution
functions reflect the contraints associated with hard particle packing and the
details of the restructuring process. A subpopulation of string-like bridges
has been identified. Bridges are fundamental microstructural elements in real
granular systems and their sizes and shapes dominate considerations of
structural properties and flow instabilities such as jamming.


  Axial charge in a QCD plasma is P- and CP-odd. We propose and study P- and
CP-odd observables in photon and di-lepton emissions from an axially charged
QCD plasma, which may provide possible experimental evidences of axial charge
fluctuation and triangle anomaly in the plasma created in heavy-ion collisions.
Our observables measure spin alignments of the emitted photons and di-leptons,
and are shown to be related to the imaginary part of chiral magnetic
conductivity at finite frequency-momentum, which ultimately arises from the
underlying triangle anomaly of the QCD plasma with a finite axial charge
density. We present an exemplar computation of these observables in strongly
coupled regime using AdS/CFT correspondence.


  The article is devoted to the topical issue of the cloud technologies
implementation in educational process in general and when studying geography,
in particular. The authors offer a selection of online services which can
contribute to the effective acquisition of geographical knowledge in higher
school. The publication describes such cloud technologies as Gapminder,
DESA,Datawrapper.de, Time.Graphics, HP Reveal, MOZAIK education, Settera
Online, Click-that-hood, Canva, Paint Instant. It is also made some theoretical
generalization of their economic, technical, technological, didactic advantages
and disadvantages. Visual examples of application are provided in the article.
The authors make notice that in the long run the technologies under study
should become a valuable educational tool of creation virtual information and
education environments connected into common national, and then global,
educational space.


  Creating finite element models for simulation of bone behaviour, fracture
occurrence and propagation requires feeding the system with adequate mechanical
data. To date, little is known about the mechanical behaviour of long canine
bones, and in cases of modelling a bone-breakage scenario the ultimate strain
at failure still needs to be determined. Extrapolation from human literature or
other species is uninteresting as differences of mechanical properties between
species are expected (Vahey et al, 1987) [1]. Our purpose was to measure the
ultimate tensile strain of canine long bones by Digital Image Correlation
(DIC), an optical technique to measure strain under load and a promising
measurement method for our purpose. Tension tests of cortical bone strips and
flexion tests of entire bones were performed, and the ultimate tensile strain
was measured and compared between different specimen and testing scenarios.


  We find stochastic equations governing eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a
dynamical complex Ginibre ensemble reaffirming the intertwined role played
between both sets of matrix degrees of freedom. We solve the accompanying
Smoluchowski-Fokker-Planck equation valid for any initial matrix. We derive
evolution equations for the averaged extended characteristic polynomial and for
a class of $k$-point eigenvalue correlation functions. From the latter we
obtain a novel formula for the eigenvector correlation function which we
inspect for Ginibre and spiric initial conditions and obtain macro- and
microscopic limiting laws.


  Building on work of Baldwin and Beaudoin, assuming Martin's Axiom, we
construct a zero-dimensional separable metrizable space $X$ such that $X$ is
countable dense homogeneous while $X^2$ is not. It follows from results of
Hru\v{s}\'ak and Zamora Avil\'es that such a space $X$ cannot be Borel.
Furthermore, $X$ can be made homogeneous and completely Baire as well.


  Motivated by a need to understand spin-momentum transport in CPP (current
perpendicular to the plane) structures, a quantum field theoretical treatment
of spin-spin interactions in ferromagnets is presented. The sd interaction of
the conduction electrons and the magnetic medium is treated non-perturbatively
from first principles in real space. The localized magnetic moments also
interact with each other through a Heisenberg exchange potential. To take into
account correlation effects, a second quantized formulation is used. The
semi-classical limit is taken by using a coherent-state path-integral technique
which also allows us to go beyond a linear-response approach. We derive a set
of coupled equations of motion for the nonuniform magnetization, the spin
current and the two-point correlation functions of the magnetization. The rate
of change of the magnetization is shown to obey a generalized Landau-Lifshitz
equation that takes into account interaction with the conduction electrons.
Within the relaxation time approximation it is shown that the polarization of
the conduction electrons obeys a diffusion equation. The diffusion tensor,
which has off-diagonal terms due to the sd exchange interaction, is now
explicitly dependent on the magnetization of the medium. We also show that the
magnetization fluctuations satisfy a diffusion-type equation. The derived
equations are used in two illustrative examples.


  The issue of different parameterizations of the axisymmetric vesicle shape
addressed by Hu Jian-Guo and Ou-Yang Zhong-Can [ Phys.Rev. E {\bf 47} (1993)
461 ] is reassesed, especially as it transpires through the corresponding Euler
- Lagrange equations of the associated elastic energy functional. It is argued
that for regular, smooth contours of vesicles with spherical topology,
different parameterizations of the surface are equivalent and that the
corresponding Euler - Lagrange equations are in essence the same. If, however,
one allows for discontinuous (higher) derivatives of the contour line at the
pole, the differently parameterized Euler - Lagrange equations cease to be
equivalent and describe different physical problems. It nevertheless appears to
be true that the elastic energy corresponding to smooth contours remains a
global minimum.


  The design of sensors or "things" as part of the new Internet of Underwater
Things (IoUTs) paradigm comes with multiple challenges including limited
battery capacity, not polluting the water body, and the ability to track
continuously phenomena with high temporal/spatial variability. We claim that
traditional digital sensors are incapable to meet these demands because of
their high power consumption, high complexity (cost), and the use of
non-biodegradable materials. To address the above challenges, we propose a
novel architecture consisting of a sensing substrate of dense analog
biodegradable sensors over which lies the traditional Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN). The substrate analog biodegradable sensors perform Shannon mapping (a
data-compression technique) using just a single Field Effect Transistor (FET)
without the need for power-hungry Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) resulting
in much lower power consumption, complexity, and the ability to be powered
using only sustainable energy-harvesting techniques. A novel and efficient
decoding technique is also presented. Both encoding/decoding techniques have
been verified via Spice and MATLAB simulations accounting for underwater
acoustic channel variations.


  It is shown in what way monomial group connects Abelian group Z^{n} and total
linear group GL(n). It is shown that any subgroup of Abelian group Z^{n}
induces subgroup of monomial group $S_{2}\wr S_n}$, which in its turn induces
corresponding subgroup of GL_{n}(R).


  The EUROnu project has studied three possible options for future, high
intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. The first is a Super Beam,
in which the neutrinos come from the decay of pions created by bombarding
targets with a 4 MW proton beam from the CERN High Power Superconducting Proton
Linac. The far detector for this facility is the 500 kt MEMPHYS water
Cherenkov, located in the Fr\'ejus tunnel. The second facility is the Neutrino
Factory, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of {\mu}+ and {\mu}- beams
in a storage ring. The far detector in this case is a 100 kt Magnetised Iron
Neutrino Detector at a baseline of 2000 km. The third option is a Beta Beam, in
which the neutrinos come from the decay of beta emitting isotopes, in
particular 6He and 18Ne, also stored in a ring. The far detector is also the
MEMPHYS detector in the Fr\'ejus tunnel. EUROnu has undertaken conceptual
designs of these facilities and studied the performance of the detectors. Based
on this, it has determined the physics reach of each facility, in particular
for the measurement of CP violation in the lepton sector, and estimated the
cost of construction. These have demonstrated that the best facility to build
is the Neutrino Factory. However, if a powerful proton driver is constructed
for another purpose or if the MEMPHYS detector is built for astroparticle
physics, the Super Beam also becomes very attractive.


  We provide a characterization for multitwists satisfying the braid relation
in the mapping class group of an orientable surface.


  We perform an uncertainty estimate of quadrupole moments and B(E2) transition
rates that inform nuclear collectivity. In particular, we study the low-lying
states of 6Li and 12C using the ab initio symmetry-adapted no-core shell model.
For a narrow standard deviation of approximately 1% on the low-energy constants
which parametrize high-precision chiral potentials, we find output standard
deviations in the collective observables ranging from approximately 3-6%. The
results mark the first step towards a rigorous uncertainty quantification of
collectivity in nuclei that aims to account for all sources of uncertainty in
ab initio descriptions of challenging collective and clustering observables.


  In the mid sixties, A. Grothendieck envisioned a vast generalization of
Galois theory to systems of polynomials in several variables, motivic Galois
theory, and introduced tannakian categories on this occasion. In characteristic
zero, various unconditional approaches were later proposed. The most precise
one, due to J. Ayoub, relies on Voevodsky theory of mixed motives and on a new
tannakian theory. It sheds new light on periods of algebraic varieties, and
shows in particular that polynomial relations between periods of a pencil of
algebraic varieties always arise from Stokes formula.


  In this paper we establish the existence of bound state solutions of any
given order to $$ \Delta_m u +f(u)=0, x\in R^N, N\ge m>1, (P) $$ where
$\Delta_m u=\nabla\cdot(|\nabla u|^{m-2}\nabla u)$ using the same techniques as
in [GST] to establish the existence of a ground state solution to (P). Since
our solutions change sign, we assume f is continuous in R. The main point here
is that by asking a stronger subcritical assumption (see (f_3)(ii) below) than
the one considered in [GST], we are able to adapt their techniques to obtain
the existence of bound states with a prescribed number of zeros.


  A breakthrough result of B\'ar\'any, Hochman and Rapaport published in 2019
established that every self-affine measure on $\mathbb{R}^2$ satisfying certain
mild non-degeneracy conditions has Hausdorff dimension equal to its Lyapunov
dimension. In combination with a variational principle established earlier by
Morris and Shmerkin this result implied as a corollary that the attractor of a
planar affine iterated function system satisfying the same conditions
necessarily has Hausdorff dimension equal to a value proposed by Falconer in
1988. In this article we extend the variational principle of Morris and
Shmerkin from the planar context to the case of affine iterated function
systems acting on $\mathbb{R}^d$. This allows a recent theorem of Rapaport on
the dimensions of self-affine measures in $\mathbb{R}^3$ to be extended into a
characterisation of the dimensions of the corresponding self-affine subsets of
$\mathbb{R}^3$. At the core of the present work is an algebraic result
concerned with finding large Zariski-dense Schottky semigroups inside a given
finitely generated completely reducible semigroup of linear transformations.


  Nitrogen (N) removal from estuaries is driven in part by sedimentary
microbial processes. The processes of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium
oxidation (anammox) remove N from estuaries by producing di-nitrogen gas, and
each can be coupled to N recycling pathways such as nitrification and
dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Environmental conditions in
estuaries influence sedimentary N cycling processes; therefore, seawater
intrusion may affect the coupling of N cycling processes in the freshwater
portions of estuaries. This study investigated the potential effects of
seawater intrusion on these process couplings through a comparative modeling
approach. We applied environ analysis, a form of ecological network analysis,
to two N cycling mass-balance network models constructed at freshwater
(oligohaline) and saltwater (polyhaline) sites in the Cape Fear River Estuary,
North Carolina. We used a space-for-time substitution to predict the effects of
seawater intrusion on the sedimentary N cycle. Further, we conducted an
uncertainty analysis using linear inverse modeling to evaluate the effects of
parameterization uncertainty on model results. Nitrification coupled to both
denitrification and anammox was 2.5 times greater in the oligohaline model,
while DNRA coupled to anammox was 2.7 times greater in the polyhaline model.
However, the total amount of N2 gas produced relative to the nitrogen inputs to
each network was 4.7% and 4.6% at the oligohaline and polyhaline sites,
respectively. These findings suggest that changes in water chemistry from
seawater intrusion may favor direct over coupled nitrogen removal, but may not
substantially change the N removal capacity of the sedimentary microbial
processes.


  We make a scalar extension of the B-L gauge model where the ${\bf S}_{3}$
non-abelian discrete group drives mainly the Yukawa sector. Motived by the
large and small hierarchies among the quark and active neutrino masses
respectively, the quark and lepton families are not treated on the same footing
under the assignment of the discrete group. As a consequence, the Nearest
Neighbor Interactions (NNI) textures appear in the quark sector, leading to the
CKM mixing matrix, whereas in the lepton sector, a soft breaking of the $\mu
\leftrightarrow \tau$ symmetry in the effective neutrino mass that comes from
type I see-saw mechanism, provides a non-maximal atmospheric angle and a
non-zero reactor angle.


  In this paper we present a preliminary study for designing interactive
systems that are sensible to human emotions based on the body movements. To do
so, we first review the literature on the various approaches for defining and
characterizing human emotions. After justifying the adopted characterization
space for emotions, we then focus on the movement characteristics that must be
captured by the system for being able to recognize the human emotions.


  Upper homogeneous finite type (upho) posets are a large class of partially
ordered sets with the property that the principal order filter at every vertex
is isomorphic to the whole poset. Well-known examples include k-array trees,
the grid graphs, and the Stern poset. Very little is known about upho posets in
general. In this paper, we construct upho posets with Schur-positive Ehrenborg
quasisymmetric functions, whose rank-generating functions have rational poles
and zeros. We also categorize the rank-generating functions of all planar upho
posets. Finally, we prove the existence of an upho poset with uncomputable
rank-generating function.


  This paper presents a compelling argument for the physical light speed in the
Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe to vary with the cosmic time
coordinate "t" of FLRW. It must be variable when the radial comoving
differential coordinates of FLRW is interpreted as physical and therefore
transformable by a Lorentz transform locally to differentials of stationary
physical coordinates. Because the FLRW differential radial distance has a time
varying coefficient a(t), integration of the transformed differentials to
obtain stationary coordinates for a short radial distance requires the light
speed c(t) to be proportional to the square root of da/dt. Since we assume
homogeneity of space, this derived c(t) is the physical light speed on all
points of the FLRW universe. This impacts the interpretation of all
astronomical observations of distant phenomena that are sensitive to light
speed. A world transform from FLRW that has a Minkowski metric close to the
origin is shown to have a physical radius out to all points of the visible
universe. In order to obtain numerical values for c(t), the general relativity
(GR) field equation is extended by using a variable gravitational constant and
rest mass that keeps constant the gravitational and particle rest energies.
This also keeps constant the proportionality constant between the GR tensors of
the field equation and conserves the rest stress-energy tensor of the ideal
fluid used in the FLRW GR field equation. In the same way all of special and
general relativity is extended to include a variable light speed.


  Due to their versatile composition and customizable properties, A$_2$BC
Heusler alloys have found applications in magnetic refrigeration, magnetic
shape memory effects, permanent magnets, and spintronic devices. The discovery
of all-$d$-metal Heusler alloys with improved mechanical properties compared to
those containing main group elements, presents an opportunity to engineer
Heuslers alloys for energy-related applications. Using high-throughput density
functional theory calculations, we screened magnetic all-$d$-metal Heusler
compounds and identified 686 (meta)stable compounds. Our detailed analysis
revealed that the inverse Heusler structure is preferred when the
electronegativity difference between the A and B/C atoms is small, contrary to
conventional Heusler alloys. Additionally, our calculations of Pugh ratios and
Cauchy pressures demonstrated that ductile and metallic bonding are widespread
in all-$d$-metal Heuslers, supporting their enhanced mechanical behaviour. We
identified 49 compounds with a double-well energy surface based on Bain path
calculations and magnetic ground states, indicating their potential as
candidates for magnetocaloric and shape memory applications. Furthermore, by
calculating the free energies, we propose that 11 compounds exhibit structural
phase transitions, and propose isostructural substitution to enhance the
magnetocaloric effect.


  We propose unsupervised representation learning and feature extraction from
dendrograms. The commonly used Minimax distance measures correspond to building
a dendrogram with single linkage criterion, with defining specific forms of a
level function and a distance function over that. Therefore, we extend this
method to arbitrary dendrograms. We develop a generalized framework wherein
different distance measures and representations can be inferred from different
types of dendrograms, level functions and distance functions. Via an
appropriate embedding, we compute a vector-based representation of the inferred
distances, in order to enable many numerical machine learning algorithms to
employ such distances. Then, to address the model selection problem, we study
the aggregation of different dendrogram-based distances respectively in
solution space and in representation space in the spirit of deep
representations. In the first approach, for example for the clustering problem,
we build a graph with positive and negative edge weights according to the
consistency of the clustering labels of different objects among different
solutions, in the context of ensemble methods. Then, we use an efficient
variant of correlation clustering to produce the final clusters. In the second
approach, we investigate the combination of different distances and features
sequentially in the spirit of multi-layered architectures to obtain the final
features. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach via several
numerical studies.


  The AgreementMaker system was the leading system in the anatomy task of the
Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) competition in 2011. While
AgreementMaker did not compete in OAEI 2012, here we report on its performance
in the 2012 anatomy task, using the same configurations of AgreementMaker
submitted to OAEI 2011. Additionally, we also test AgreementMaker using an
updated version of the UBERON ontology as a mediating ontology, and otherwise
identical configurations. AgreementMaker achieved an F-measure of 91.8% with
the 2011 configurations, and an F-measure of 92.2% with the updated UBERON
ontology. Thus, AgreementMaker would have been the second best system had it
competed in the anatomy task of OAEI 2012, and only 0.1% below the F-measure of
the best system.


  Fall event detection, as one of the greatest risks to the elderly, has been a
hot research issue in the solitary scene in recent years. Nevertheless, there
are few researches on the fall event detection in complex background. Different
from most conventional background subtraction methods which depend on
background modeling, Mask R-CNN method based on deep learning technique can
clearly extract the moving object in noise background. We further propose an
attention guided Bi-directional LSTM model for the final fall event detection.
To demonstrate the efficiency, the proposed method is verified in the public
dataset and self-build dataset. Evaluation of the algorithm performances in
comparison with other state-of-the-art methods indicates that the proposed
design is accurate and robust, which means it is suitable for the task of fall
event detection in complex situation.


  We generalize the stochastic path integral formalism by considering
Hamiltonian dynamics in the presence of general Markovian noise. Kramers'
solution of the activation rate for escape over a barrier is generalized for
non-Gaussian driving noise in both the overdamped and underdamped limit. We
apply our general results to a Josephson junction detector measuring the
electron counting statistics of a mesoscopic conductor. Activation rate
dependence on the third current cumulant includes an additional term
originating from the back-action of the measurement circuit.


  In a previous paper, we proposed a heterotic dark energy model, called
$\Lambda$HDE, in which dark energy is composed of two components: cosmological
constant (CC) and holographic dark energy (HDE). The aim of this work is to
give a more comprehensive and systematic investigation on the cosmological
implications of the $\Lambda$HDE model. Firstly, we make use of the current
observations to constrain the $\Lambda$HDE model, and compare its cosmology-fit
results with the results of the $\Lambda$CDM and the HDE model. Then, by
combining a qualitative theoretical analysis with a quantitative numerical
study, we discuss the impact of considering curvature on the cosmic evolutions
of fractional HDE density $\Omega_{hde}$ and fractional CC density
$\Omega_{\Lambda}$, as well as on the ultimate cosmic fate. Finally, we explore
the effects of adopting different types of observational data. We find that:
(1) the current observational data cannot distinguish the $\Lambda$HDE model
from the $\Lambda$CDM and the HDE model; this indicates that DE may contain
multiple components. (2) the asymptotic solution of $\Omega_{hde}$ and the
corresponding cosmic fate in a flat universe can be extended to the case of a
non-flat universe; moreover, compared with the case of a flat universe,
considering curvature will make HDE closer to a phantom dark energy. (3)
compared with JLA dataset, SNLS3 data more favor a phantom type HDE; in
contrast, using other types of observational data have no significant impact on
the cosmic evolutions of the $\Lambda$HDE model.


  In this article, we prove an extension of the mean value theorem and a
comparison theorem for subharmonic functions. These theorems are used to answer
the question whether we can conclude that two subharmonic functions which agree
almost everywhere on a surface with respect to the surface measure must
coincide everywhere on that surface. We prove that this question has a positive
answer in the case of hypersurfaces, and we also provide a counterexample in
the case of surfaces of higher co-dimension. We also apply these results to
Ahlfors-David sets and we prove other versions of the main results in terms of
measure densities.


  Charge conservation and the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) result from
fundamental symmetries in the Standard Model, and are typically taken as
axiomatic. High-precision tests for small violations of these symmetries could
point to new physics. In this work we consider three models for violation of
these processes which would produce detectable ionization in the high-purity
germanium detectors of the Majorana Demonstrator. Using a 37.5 kg-yr exposure,
we report a new lower limit on the electron mean lifetime of $\tau_e > 3.2
\times 10^{25}$ yr (90\% CL), the best result for this decay channel ($e
\rightarrow \nu_e \overline{\nu_e} \nu_e$ or more generally $e \rightarrow
\mathrm{invisibles}$) in more than two decades. We also present searches for
two types of violation of the PEP, setting new limits on the probability of two
electrons forming a symmetric quantum state. Using our $^{228}$Th calibration
data set, which introduces electrons new to the system through
electron-positron pair production, we obtain a world-leading model-independent
limit for a terrestrial experiment of $\beta^2/2 < 1.0 \times 10^{-3}$ (99.7\%
CL). Our 37.5 kg-yr exposure is also used to search for a process where an
electron in an atomic system spontaneously violates the PEP, resulting in a
model-dependent upper limit of $\beta^2/2 < 1.0 \times 10^{-48}$ (90\% CL).


  It has been theoretically predicted that the \ExB drift caused by the
spontaneously generated potential in scrape-off-layers (SOLs) and divertors in
tokamaks is of a similar size to the poloidal component of the parallel flow
and turbulent flow, thereby it significantly impacts on the plasma transport
there. Many experiments indeed have implied the role of the electric potential,
however, its direct observation through its \ExB flow measurement has never
been realized because the drift velocity ($10^2$--$10^3$ m/s) is significantly
below the detection limit of existing diagnostics. To realize a cross-field ion
flow measurement, variety of systematic uncertainties of the system must be
narrowed down. Here, we develop a conceptual design of the Doppler spectrometry
that enables to measure the impurity flows with $10^2$-m/s accuracy, based on
an in-situ wavelength-calibration techniques developed in astrophysics field,
the iodine-cell method. We discuss its properties and applicability. In
particular, the scaling relation of the wavelength accuracy and various
spectroscopic parameters is newly presented, which suggests the high importance
of the wavelength resolution of the system. Based on transport simulations for
the JT-60SA divertor, the feasibility of the system is assessed.


  We carried out a study of neutrino detection at the experimental fast reactor
JOYO using a 0.76 tons gadolinium loaded liquid scintillator detector. The
detector was set up on the ground level at 24.3m from the JOYO reactor core of
140MW thermal power. The measured neutrino event rate from reactor on-off
comparison was 1.11\pm1.24(stat.)\pm0.46(syst.)events/day. Although the
statistical significance of the measurement was not enough, the background in
such a compact detector at the ground level was studied in detail and MC
simulation was found to describe the data well. A study for improvement of the
detector for future such experiments is also shown.


  We show that finitely generated Abelian groups admit equal growth functions
with respect to symmetric generating sets if and only if they have the same
rank and the torsion parts have the same parity. In contrast, finitely
generated Abelian groups admit equal growth functions with respect to monoid
generating sets if and only if they have same rank. Moreover, we show that the
size of the torsion part is in fact determined by the set of all growth
functions of a finitely generated Abelian group.


  This paper introduces a novel sector-based methodology for star-galaxy
classification, leveraging the latest Sloan Digital Sky Survey data
(SDSS-DR18). By strategically segmenting the sky into sectors aligned with SDSS
observational patterns and employing a dedicated convolutional neural network
(CNN), we achieve state-of-the-art performance for star galaxy classification.
Our preliminary results demonstrate a promising pathway for efficient and
precise astronomical analysis, especially in real-time observational settings.


  We introduce WiCluster, a new machine learning (ML) approach for passive
indoor positioning using radio frequency (RF) channel state information (CSI).
WiCluster can predict both a zone-level position and a precise 2D or 3D
position, without using any precise position labels during training. Prior
CSI-based indoor positioning work has relied on non-parametric approaches using
digital signal-processing (DSP) and, more recently, parametric approaches
(e.g., fully supervised ML methods). However these do not handle the complexity
of real-world environments well and do not meet requirements for large-scale
commercial deployments: the accuracy of DSP-based method deteriorates
significantly in non-line-of-sight conditions, while supervised ML methods need
large amounts of hard-to-acquire centimeter accuracy position labels. In
contrast, WiCluster is precise, requires weaker label-information that can be
easily collected, and works well in non-line-of-sight conditions. Our first
contribution is a novel dimensionality reduction method for charting. It
combines a triplet-loss with a multi-scale clustering-loss to map the
high-dimensional CSI representation to a 2D/3D latent space. Our second
contribution is two weakly supervised losses that map this latent space into a
Cartesian map, resulting in meter-accuracy position results. These losses only
require simple to acquire priors: a sketch of the floorplan, approximate
access-point locations and a few CSI packets that are labelled with the
corresponding zone in the floorplan. Thirdly, we report results and a
robustness study for 2D positioning in two single-floor office buildings and 3D
positioning in a two-story home.


  Neural network weights are typically initialized at random from univariate
distributions, controlling just the variance of individual weights even in
highly-structured operations like convolutions. Recent ViT-inspired
convolutional networks such as ConvMixer and ConvNeXt use large-kernel
depthwise convolutions whose learned filters have notable structure; this
presents an opportunity to study their empirical covariances. In this work, we
first observe that such learned filters have highly-structured covariance
matrices, and moreover, we find that covariances calculated from small networks
may be used to effectively initialize a variety of larger networks of different
depths, widths, patch sizes, and kernel sizes, indicating a degree of
model-independence to the covariance structure. Motivated by these findings, we
then propose a learning-free multivariate initialization scheme for
convolutional filters using a simple, closed-form construction of their
covariance. Models using our initialization outperform those using traditional
univariate initializations, and typically meet or exceed the performance of
those initialized from the covariances of learned filters; in some cases, this
improvement can be achieved without training the depthwise convolutional
filters at all.


  This document proposes a collection of simplified models relevant to the
design of new-physics searches at the LHC and the characterization of their
results. Both ATLAS and CMS have already presented some results in terms of
simplified models, and we encourage them to continue and expand this effort,
which supplements both signature-based results and benchmark model
interpretations. A simplified model is defined by an effective Lagrangian
describing the interactions of a small number of new particles. Simplified
models can equally well be described by a small number of masses and
cross-sections. These parameters are directly related to collider physics
observables, making simplified models a particularly effective framework for
evaluating searches and a useful starting point for characterizing positive
signals of new physics. This document serves as an official summary of the
results from the "Topologies for Early LHC Searches" workshop, held at SLAC in
September of 2010, the purpose of which was to develop a set of representative
models that can be used to cover all relevant phase space in experimental
searches. Particular emphasis is placed on searches relevant for the first
~50-500 pb-1 of data and those motivated by supersymmetric models. This note
largely summarizes material posted at http://lhcnewphysics.org/, which includes
simplified model definitions, Monte Carlo material, and supporting contacts
within the theory community. We also comment on future developments that may be
useful as more data is gathered and analyzed by the experiments.


  We have combined optical data from the 2dF-SDSS Luminous Red Galaxy and QSO
(2SLAQ) redshift survey with radio measurements from the 1.4 GHz VLA FIRST and
NVSS surveys to identify a volume-limited sample of 391 radio galaxies at
redshift 0.4<z<0.7. By determining an accurate radio luminosity function for
early-type galaxies in this redshift range, we can investigate the cosmic
evolution of the radio-galaxy population over a wide range in radio luminosity.
  The low-power radio galaxies in our LRG sample (those with 1.4 GHz radio
luminosities in the range 10^{24} to 10^{25} W/Hz, corresponding to FR I radio
galaxies in the local universe) undergo significant cosmic evolution over the
redshift range 0<z<0.7, consistent with pure luminosity evolution of the form
(1+z)^k where k=2.0+/-0.3. Our results appear to rule out (at the 6-7 sigma
level) models in which low-power radio galaxies undergo no cosmic evolution.
The most powerful radio galaxies in our sample (with radio luminosities above
10^{26} W/Hz) may undergo more rapid evolution over the same redshift range.
  The evolution seen in the low-power radio-galaxy population implies that the
total energy input into massive early-type galaxies from AGN heating increases
with redshift, and was roughly 50% higher at z~0.55 (the median redshift of the
2SLAQ LRG sample) than in the local universe.


  We study the tidal interaction of galaxies in the Eridanus supergroup, using
HI data from the pre-pilot survey of WALLABY (Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy
All-sky Blind surveY). We obtain optical photometric measurements and quantify
the strength of tidal perturbation using a tidal parameter $S_{sum}$. For
low-mass galaxies of $M_* \lesssim 10^9 M_\odot$, we find a dependence of
decreasing HI-to-optical disk size ratio with increasing $S_{sum}$, but no
dependence of HI spectral line asymmetry with $S_{sum}$. This is consistent
with the behavior expected under tidal stripping. We confirm that the color
profile shape and color gradient depend on the stellar mass, but there is
additional correlation of low-mass galaxies having their color gradients within
$2R_{50}$ increasing with higher $S_{sum}$. For these low-mass galaxies, the
dependence of color gradients on $S_{sum}$ is driven by color becoming
progressively redder in the inner disk when tidal perturbations are stronger.
For high-mass galaxies, there is no dependence of color gradients on $S_{sum}$,
and we find a marginal reddening throughout the disks with increasing
$S_{sum}$. Our result highlights tidal interaction as an important
environmental effect in producing the faint end of the star formation
suppressed sequence in galaxy groups.


  A radically new approach to surface probing based on a replacement of the
solid-state near-field probes by the 'long-field' ones is presented and
discussed. Such probes may enable to create a radically new generation
microscopes with non-perturbing long-range action probe based on a highly
sensitive RF test method with a single-layer flat coil. This may give a start
for creation of a new direction in microscopy.


  We introduce sub-Eulerian polynomials to count elements of $D_n$ by which a
recurrence relation for the Eulerian polynomials of type $D$ is obtained.


  We use the matrix product formalism to find exact ground states of two new
spin-1 quantum chains with nearest neighbor interactions. One of the models,
model I, describes a one-parameter family of quantum chains for which the
ground state can be found exactly. In certain limit of the parameter, the
Hamiltonian turns into the interesting case $H=\sum_i ({\bf S}_i\cdot {\bf
S}_{i+1})^2$. The other model which we label as model II, corresponds to a
family of solvable three-state vertex models on square two dimensional
lattices. The ground state of this model is highly degenerate and the matrix
product states is a generating state of such degenerate states. The simple
structure of the matrix product state allows us to determine the properties of
degenerate states which are otherwise difficult to determine. For both models
we find exact expressions for correlation functions.


  The threat of spoofing can pose a risk to the reliability of automatic
speaker verification. Results from the bi-annual ASVspoof evaluations show that
effective countermeasures demand front-ends designed specifically for the
detection of spoofing artefacts. Given the diversity in spoofing attacks,
ensemble methods are particularly effective. The work in this paper shows that
a bank of very simple classifiers, each with a front-end tuned to the detection
of different spoofing attacks and combined at the score level through
non-linear fusion, can deliver superior performance than more sophisticated
ensemble solutions that rely upon complex neural network architectures. Our
comparatively simple approach outperforms all but 2 of the 48 systems submitted
to the logical access condition of the most recent ASVspoof 2019 challenge.


  We prove that, for a density of disorder $\rho$ small enough, a certain class
of discrete random Schr\"odinger operators on $\Z^d$ with diluted potentials
exhibits a Lifschitz behaviour from the bottom of the spectrum up to energies
at a distance of the order $\rho^\alpha$ from the bottom of the spectrum, with
$\alpha>2(d+1)/d$. This leads to localization for the energies in this zone for
these low density models. The same results hold for operators on the
continuous, and in particular, with Bernoulli or Poisson random potential.


  The low temperature properties of a wide range of many-fermion systems are
well understood within the framework of Landau's theory of Fermi liquids. The
low-energy physics of these systems is governed by interacting fermionic
quasiparticles with momenta and energies near a Fermi surface in momentum
space. Nonequilibrium properties are described by a kinetic equation for the
distribution function for quasiparticles proposed by Landau. Quasiparticle
interactions with other quasiparticles, phonons or impurities lead to internal
forces acting on a distribution of nonequilibrium quasiparticles, as well as
collision processes that ultimately limit the transport of mass, heat, charge
and magnetization, as well as limit the coherence times of quasiparticles. For
Fermi liquids that are close to a second order phase transition, e.g. Fermi
liquids that undergo a superfluid transition, \emph{incipient} Cooper pairs -
long-lived fluctuations of the ordered phase - provide a new channel for
scattering quasiparticles, as well as corrections to internal forces acting on
the distribution of nonequilibrium quasiparticles. We develop the theory of
quasiparticle transport for Fermi liquids in the vicinity of a BCS-type
superfluid transition starting from Keldysh's field theory for non-equilibrium,
strongly interacting fermions. The leading corrections to Fermi liquid theory
for non-equilibrium quasiparticle transport near a Cooper instability arise
from the virtual emission and absorption of incipient Cooper pairs. Our theory
is applicable to quasiparticle transport in superconductors, nuclear matter and
the low temperature phases of liquid $^3$He. As an implementation of the theory
we calculate the pairing fluctuation corrections to the attenuation of zero
sound in liquid $^3$He near the superfluid transition and demonstrate
quantitative agreement with experimental results.


  Regularized regression approaches such as the Lasso have been widely adopted
for constructing sparse linear models in high-dimensional datasets. A
complexity in fitting these models is the tuning of the parameters which
control the level of introduced sparsity through penalization. The most common
approach to select the penalty parameter is through $k$-fold cross-validation.
While cross-validation is used to minimise the empirical prediction error,
approaches such as the $m$-out-of-$n$ paired bootstrap which use smaller
training datasets provide consistency in selecting the non-zero coefficients in
the oracle model, performing well in an asymptotic setting but having
limitations when $n$ is small. In fact, for models such as the Lasso there is a
monotonic relationship between the size of training sets and the penalty
parameter. We propose a generalization of these methods for selecting the
regularization parameter based on a flexible-weighted bootstrap procedure that
mimics the $m$-out-of-$n$ bootstrap and overcomes its challenges for all sample
sizes. Through simulation studies we demonstrate that when selecting a penalty
parameter, the choice of weights in the bootstrap procedure can be used to
dictate the size of the penalty parameter and hence the sparsity of the fitted
model. We empirically illustrate our weighted bootstrap procedure by applying
the Lasso to integrate clinical and microRNA data in the modeling of
Alzheimer's disease. In both the real and simulated data we find a narrow part
of the parameter space to perform well, emulating an $m$-out-of-$n$ bootstrap,
and that our procedure can be used to improve interpretation of other
optimization heuristics.


  Change-point detection has been a classical problem in statistics and
econometrics. This work focuses on the problem of detecting abrupt
distributional changes in the data-generating distribution of a sequence of
high-dimensional observations, beyond the first two moments. This has remained
a substantially less explored problem in the existing literature, especially in
the high-dimensional context, compared to detecting changes in the mean or the
covariance structure. We develop a nonparametric methodology to (i) detect an
unknown number of change-points in an independent sequence of high-dimensional
observations and (ii) test for the significance of the estimated change-point
locations. Our approach essentially rests upon nonparametric tests for the
homogeneity of two high-dimensional distributions. We construct a single
change-point location estimator via defining a cumulative sum process in an
embedded Hilbert space. As the key theoretical innovation, we rigorously derive
its limiting distribution under the high dimension medium sample size (HDMSS)
framework. Subsequently we combine our statistic with the idea of wild binary
segmentation to recursively estimate and test for multiple change-point
locations. The superior performance of our methodology compared to other
existing procedures is illustrated via extensive simulation studies as well as
over stock prices data observed during the period of the Great Recession in the
United States.


  In this paper, we introduce an invariant of Cohen-Macaulay local rings in
terms of the reduction number of canonical ideals. The invariant can be defined
in arbitrary Cohen-Macaulay rings and it measures how close to being
Gorenstein. First, we clarify the relation between almost Gorenstein rings and
nearly Gorenstein rings by using the invariant in dimension one. We next
characterize the idealization of trace ideals over Gorenstein rings in terms of
the invariant. It provides better prospects for a result of the almost
Gorenstein property of idealization.


  Recent work in the multi-agent domain has shown the promise of Graph Neural
Networks (GNNs) to learn complex coordination strategies. However, most current
approaches use minor variants of a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), which
applies a convolution to the communication graph formed by the multi-agent
system. In this paper, we investigate whether the performance and
generalization of GCNs can be improved upon. We introduce ModGNN, a
decentralized framework which serves as a generalization of GCNs, providing
more flexibility. To test our hypothesis, we evaluate an implementation of
ModGNN against several baselines in the multi-agent flocking problem. We
perform an ablation analysis to show that the most important component of our
framework is one that does not exist in a GCN. By varying the number of agents,
we also demonstrate that an application-agnostic implementation of ModGNN
possesses an improved ability to generalize to new environments.


  In recent years, many different numerical evolution schemes for Einstein's
equations have been proposed to address stability and accuracy problems that
have plagued the numerical relativity community for decades. Some of these
approaches have been tested on different spacetimes, and conclusions have been
drawn based on these tests. However, differences in results originate from many
sources, including not only formulations of the equations, but also gauges,
boundary conditions, numerical methods, and so on. We propose to build up a
suite of standardized testbeds for comparing approaches to the numerical
evolution of Einstein's equations that are designed to both probe their
strengths and weaknesses and to separate out different effects, and their
causes, seen in the results. We discuss general design principles of suitable
testbeds, and we present an initial round of simple tests with periodic
boundary conditions. This is a pivotal first step toward building a suite of
testbeds to serve the numerical relativists and researchers from related fields
who wish to assess the capabilities of numerical relativity codes. We present
some examples of how these tests can be quite effective in revealing various
limitations of different approaches, and illustrating their differences. The
tests are presently limited to vacuum spacetimes, can be run on modest
computational resources, and can be used with many different approaches used in
the relativity community.


  We study spacing selection in directional solidification of Al-Cu alloys
under transient growth conditions. New experimental results are presented which
reveal that dendritic spacing versus solidification rate evolves in an almost
step-wise fashion, consistent with previous theoretical predictions of Langer
and co-workers. Phase field simulations of directional solidification with
dynamical growth conditions approximating those in the experiments confirm this
behavior. Changes in dendrite arm spacing is shown to be consistent with
dendrite instabilities confined, initially, to sub-domains, rather than the
entire system. This is due to the rapid variation in growth conditions, which
prevent the system from adapting as a whole but, rather, in a succession of
quasi-isolated domains.


  We study a black hole domain wall system in dilatonic gravity being the
low-energy limit of the string theory. Using the C-metric construction we
derive the metric for an infinitisemally thin domain wall intersecting dilaton
black hole. The behavior of the domain wall in the spacetime of dilaton black
hole was analyzed and it was revealed that the extereme dilaton black hole
always expelled the domain wall. We elaborated the back reaction problem and
concluded that topological kink solution smoothes out singularity of the
considered topological defect. Finally we gave some comments concerning
nucleation of dilaton black holes in the presence of the domain wall. We found
that domain walls would rather prefer to nucleate small black holes on them,
than large ones inside them.


  We simulate the polarized radiative transfer in vicinities of the UX Ori type
stars during their minima. Our model of an eclipse by an extended disc
perturbation generalizes the compact gas-dust cloud eclipse model. We apply the
radiative transfer method based on enumeration using the directions grid to
model the influence of the perturbation extensions along azimuth and radius on
the eclipse depth and parameters of the linear polarization. We investigate
eclipses both for the flared disc and for the disc with a puffing-up in the
dust sublimation zone. The puffing-up is obtained by adding a disc wind to the
model. Comparison with a compact cloud eclipse model reveals that the eclipse
by a large-scale azimuthally extended perturbation may be significantly deeper
and show a greater linear polarization degree. We also demonstrate that the
perturbation extension together with the disc puffing-up can strongly affect
the degree of polarization and colour index of the star during the eclipse. The
position angle of the linear polarization may also change markedly during and
after an eclipse by a large scale perturbation for the model with a puffed-up
inner rim. Also, in this model, the maximum degree of the linear polarization
can be achieved not at the brightness minimum but closer to the end of the
eclipse. We discuss the modelling results in the context of the
photopolarimetric observations of UX Ori stars.


  A number of results for reactions involving subdiffusive species all with the
same anomalous exponent gamma have recently appeared in the literature and can
often be understood in terms of a subordination principle whereby time t in
ordinary diffusion is replaced by t^gamma. However, very few results are known
for reactions involving different species characterized by different anomalous
diffusion exponents. Here we study the reaction dynamics of a (sub)diffusive
particle surrounded by a sea of (sub)diffusive traps in one dimension. We find
rigorous results for the asymptotic survival probability of the particle in
most cases, with the exception of the case of a particle that diffuses normally
while the anomalous diffusion exponent of the traps is smaller than 2/3.


  Next-generation space telescopes will observe the atmospheres of rocky
planets orbiting nearby M-dwarfs. Understanding these observations will require
well-developed theory in addition to numerical simulations. Here we present
theoretical models for the temperature structure and atmospheric circulation of
dry, tidally locked rocky exoplanets with grey radiative transfer and test them
using a general circulation model (GCM). First, we develop a
radiative-convective model that captures surface temperatures of slowly
rotating and cool atmospheres. Second, we show that the atmospheric circulation
acts as a global heat engine, which places strong constraints on large-scale
wind speeds. Third, we develop a radiative-convective-subsiding model which
extends our radiative-convective model to hot and thin atmospheres. We find
that rocky planets develop large day-night temperature gradients at a ratio of
wave-to-radiative timescales up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the
value suggested by work on hot Jupiters. The small ratio is due to the heat
engine inefficiency and asymmetry between updrafts and subsidence in convecting
atmospheres. Fourth, we show using GCM simulations that rotation only has a
strong effect on temperature structure if the atmosphere is hot or thin. Our
models let us map out atmospheric scenarios for planets such as GJ 1132b and
show how thermal phase curves could constrain them. Measuring phase curves of
short-period planets will require similar amounts of time on the James Webb
Space Telescope as detecting molecules via transit spectroscopy, so future
observations should pursue both techniques.


  In the context of tomographic cosmic shear surveys, there exists a nulling
transformation of weak lensing observations (also called BNT transform) that
allows us to simplify the correlation structure of tomographic cosmic shear
observations, as well as to build observables that depend only on a localised
range of redshifts and thus independent from the low-redshift/small-scale
modes. This procedure renders possible accurate, and from-first-principles,
predictions of the convergence and aperture mass one-point distributions (PDF).
We here explore other consequences of this transformation on the (reduced)
numerical complexity of the estimation of the joint PDF between nulled bins and
demonstrate how to use these results to make theoretical predictions.


  Let G be a graph and let I = I(G) be its edge ideal. In this paper, when G is
a forest or a cycle, we explicitly compute the regularity of I^s for all s > 0.
In particular, for these classes of graphs, we provide the asymptotic linear
function reg(I^s) as s > 0, and the initial value of s starting from which
reg(I^s) attains its linear form. We also give new bounds on the regularity of
I when G contains a Hamiltonian path and when G is a Hamiltonian graph.


  Exactly twenty five years ago the world of high energy physics was set on
fire by the discovery of a new particle with an unusually narrow width at 3095
MeV, known popularly as the $J/\Psi$ revolution. This discovery was very
decisive in our understanding as well as formulating the current picture
regarding the basic constituents of nature. I look back at the discovery,
pointing out how unexpected, dramatic and significant it was.


  The Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are one of the mainstream
devices for wind energy utilization in the urban areas. The market's pursuit of
high wind energy conversion efficiency promotes the research on improving the
wind turbine power coefficient while reducing noise. This paper makes further
investigation on the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of a small VAWT with
V-shaped blades and trailing-edge serrations. The feasibility of utilizing the
Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes SST k-omega turbulence model and the FW-H
method is verified against experiments. The studied V-shaped blades can
effectively improve the power performance of VAWT over a wide range of tip
speed ratios under normal wind speed conditions, and the trailing-edge
serrations will also slightly increase the power output of V-bladed VAWT at the
optimal tip speed ratio. The power coefficient of the V-bladed wind turbine
with trailing-edge serrations is about 28.3% higher than that of the original
turbine. In addition, a dumbbell-shaped noise directivity distribution was
first discovered in the VAWT compared with the traditional elliptical
distribution. The V-bladed VAWT generated less low-frequency noise and the
trailing-edge serrations realized the expected noise reduction effect.
Practically, this study proposes a feasible solution for the design of
high-efficiency and low-noise wind turbines.


  We construct explicit families of quasi-hyperbolic and hyperbolic surfaces.
This is based on earlier work of Vojta, and the recent expansion and
generalization of it by the first author. In this paper we further extend it to
the singular case, obtaining results for the surface of cuboids, the
generalized surfaces of cuboids, and other families of Diophantine surfaces of
general type. In particular, we produce explicit families of smooth complete
intersection surfaces of multidegrees $(m_1,\ldots,m_n)$ in $\mathbb{P}^{n+2}$
which are hyperbolic, for any $n \geq 8$ and any degrees $m_i \geq 2$. We also
show similar results for complete intersection surfaces in $\mathbb{P}^{n+2}$
for $n=4,5,6,7$. These families give evidence for [Dem18, Conjecture 0.18] in
the case of surfaces.


  Large web-sourced multimodal datasets have powered a slew of new methods for
learning general-purpose visual representations, advancing the state of the art
in computer vision and revolutionizing zero- and few-shot recognition. One
crucial decision facing practitioners is how, if at all, to curate these
ever-larger datasets. For example, the creators of the LAION-5B dataset chose
to retain only image-caption pairs whose CLIP similarity score exceeded a
designated threshold. In this paper, we propose a new state-of-the-art data
filtering approach motivated by our observation that nearly 40% of LAION's
images contain text that overlaps significantly with the caption. Intuitively,
such data could be wasteful as it incentivizes models to perform optical
character recognition rather than learning visual features. However, naively
removing all such data could also be wasteful, as it throws away images that
contain visual features (in addition to overlapping text). Our simple and
scalable approach, T-MARS (Text Masking and Re-Scoring), filters out only those
pairs where the text dominates the remaining visual features -- by first
masking out the text and then filtering out those with a low CLIP similarity
score of the masked image. Experimentally, T-MARS outperforms the top-ranked
method on the "medium scale" of DataComp (a data filtering benchmark) by a
margin of 6.5% on ImageNet and 4.7% on VTAB. Additionally, our systematic
evaluation on various data pool sizes from 2M to 64M shows that the accuracy
gains enjoyed by T-MARS linearly increase as data and compute are scaled
exponentially. Code is available at https://github.com/locuslab/T-MARS.


  Resistive random-access memory is one of the most promising candidates for
the next generation of non-volatile memory technology. However, its crossbar
structure causes severe "sneak-path" interference, which also leads to strong
inter-cell correlation. Recent works have mainly focused on sub-optimal data
detection schemes by ignoring inter-cell correlation and treating sneak-path
interference as independent noise. We propose a near-optimal data detection
scheme that can approach the performance bound of the optimal detection scheme.
Our detection scheme leverages a joint data and sneak-path interference
recovery and can use all inter-cell correlations. The scheme is appropriate for
data detection of large memory arrays with only linear operation complexity.


  We apply a large-scale shell model to the study of proton-rich odd-mass
nuclei with $N \approx Z$. Calculations predict unexpected structure in the
$^{69}$As nucleus for which a detailed experiment was recently performed. In
this odd-proton nucleus, one neutron competes with one proton for occupying the
high-$j$ intruder orbit $g_{9/2}$ in the $9/2_1^+$ state and almost solely
occupies the $g_{9/2}$ orbit in other low-lying positive-parity states. The
T=0, J=9 one-proton-one-neutron alignment takes place in the negative-parity
states with medium-high spins. A unique coexistence of two lowest bands with
positive and negative signs of spectroscopic quadrupole moments is predicted.


  Asset allocation is an investment strategy that aims to balance risk and
reward by constantly redistributing the portfolio's assets according to certain
goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon. Unfortunately, there is no
simple formula that can find the right allocation for every individual. As a
result, investors may use different asset allocations' strategy to try to
fulfil their financial objectives. In this work, we conduct an extensive
benchmark study to determine the efficacy and reliability of a number of
optimization techniques. In particular, we focus on traditional approaches
based on Modern Portfolio Theory, and on machine-learning approaches based on
deep reinforcement learning. We assess the model's performance under different
market tendency, i.e., both bullish and bearish markets. For reproducibility,
we provide the code implementation code in this repository.


  Acoustic waves are those waves which travel with the speed of sound through a
medium. H. Lamb has derived a cutoff frequency for stratified and isothermal
medium for the propagation of acoustic waves. In order to find the cutoff
frequency many methods were introduced after Lamb's work. In this paper, we
have chosen the method to determine cutoff frequencies for acoustic waves
propagating in non-isothermal media. This turning point frequency method can be
applied to various atmospheres like solar atmosphere, stellar atmosphere,
earth's atmosphere etc. Here, we have analytically derived the cutoff frequency
and have graphically analyzed and compared with the Lamb's cut-off frequencyfor
earth's troposphere, lower and upper stratosphere.


  We study the frequency and phase synchronization in two coupled identical and
nonidentical neurons with channel noise. The occupation number method is used
to model the neurons in the context of stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley model in which
the strength of of channel noise is represented by ion channel cluster size of
the initiation region of neuron. It is shown that frequency synchronization
only was achieved at arbitrary value of couple strength as long as two neurons'
channel cluster sizes are the same. We also show that the relative phase of
neurons can display profuse dynamic behavior under the combined action of
coupling and channel noise. Both qualitative and quantitative descriptions are
applied to describe the transitions between those behaviors. Relevance of our
findings to controlling neural synchronization experimentally is discussed.


  Relay cooperation and integrated microwave and millimeter-wave (mm-wave)
dual-band communication are likely to play key roles in 5G. In this paper, we
study a two-user uplink scenario in such dual-bands, modeled as a
multiple-access relay channel (MARC), where two sources communicate to a
destination assisted by a relay. However, unlike the microwave band,
transmitters in the mm-wave band must employ highly directional antenna arrays
to combat the ill effects of severe path-loss and small wavelength. The
resulting mm-wave links are point-to-point and highly directional, and are thus
used to complement the microwave band by transmitting to a specific receiver.
For such MARCs, the capacity is partially characterized for sources that are
near the relay in a joint sense over both bands. We then study the impact of
the mm-wave spectrum on the performance of such MARCs by characterizing the
transmit power allocation scheme for phase faded mm-wave links that maximizes
the sum-rate under a total power budget. The resulting scheme adapts the link
transmission powers to channel conditions by transmitting in different modes,
and all such modes and corresponding conditions are characterized. Finally, we
study the properties of the optimal link powers and derive practical insights.


  This is a study of front dynamics in reaction diffusion systems near
Nonequilibrium Ising-Bloch bifurcations. We find that the relation between
front velocity and perturbative factors, such as external fields and curvature,
is typically multivalued. This unusual form allows small perturbations to
induce dynamic transitions between counter-propagating fronts and nucleate
spiral vortices. We use these findings to propose explanations for a few
numerical and experimental observations including spiral breakup driven by
advective fields, and spot splitting.


  Suppose $X$ is a compact connected metric space and $f: X \to X$ is a metric
coarse expanding conformal map in the sense of Ha\"issinsky-Pilgrim. We show
that if $X$ contains a homeomorphic copy of the letter "Y", then the Hausdorff
dimension of $X$ is greater than one. As an application, we show that for a
semi-hyperbolic rational map $f$ its Julia set $\mathcal{J}_f$ is
quasi-symmetric equivalent to a space having Hausdorff dimension 1 if and only
if $\mathcal{J}_f$ is homeomorphic to a circle or a closed interval.