  In the synthesis of highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes
(SWCNTs), high growth temperatures are preferred, while the formation of
impurity amorphous carbon (a-C) causes the termination of SWCNT growth and
degrades its properties. To remove this by-product, H2O and CO2 have been
employed in metal-catalyzed SWCNT growth systems because of their oxidizing
ability. Recently, nonmetallic nanoparticles have become one of the growth seed
candidates because of their high melting points and fewer metal impurities. In
this study, by using nanodiamond-derived carbon nanoparticles as the solid
growth seeds, we investigated the effect of CO2 and H2O on high-temperature
SWCNT growth with two types of carbon-source supplies: C2H2 and C2H4. In this
growth system, H2O showed oxidizing ability to etch a-C with either carbon
sources. CO2 exhibited a similar a-C formation-preventing role in C2H4-supplied
growth and achieved higher-purity SWCNTs with higher concentration of C2H4 than
the case of H2O. However, in contrast to the other combinations, CO2 injection
in the C2H2-supplied growth significantly enhanced the formation of a-C rather
than the removal of it while the yield of SWCNTs was also increased, indicating
the occurrence of the dehydration reaction between CO2 and C2H2. The present
findings will lead to efficient growth of high-quality SWCNTs from nonmetallic
growth seeds with the use of growth enhancers.


  By adding or removing appropriate structures to Gauss diagram, one can create
useful objects related to virtual links. In this paper few objects of this kind
are studied: twisted virtual links generalizing virtual links; signed chord
diagrams staying halfway between twisted virtual links and Kauffman bracket /
Khovanov homology; alternatable virtual links intermediate between virtual and
classical links. The most profound role here belongs to a structure that we
dare to call orientation of chord diagram. Khovanov homology is generalized to
oriented signed chord diagrams and links in oriented thickened surface such
that the link projection realizes the first Stiefel-Whitney class of the
surface. After this paper was published, V.O.Manturov succeeded in extending
Khovanov homology with arbitrary coefficients to arbitrary virtual links, see
arXiv: math.GT/0601152.


  Python has become the de-facto language for training deep neural networks,
coupling a large suite of scientific computing libraries with efficient
libraries for tensor computation such as PyTorch or TensorFlow. However, when
models are used for inference they are typically extracted from Python as
TensorFlow graphs or TorchScript programs in order to meet performance and
packaging constraints. The extraction process can be time consuming, impeding
fast prototyping. We show how it is possible to meet these performance and
packaging constraints while performing inference in Python. In particular, we
present a way of using multiple Python interpreters within a single process to
achieve scalable inference and describe a new container format for models that
contains both native Python code and data. This approach simplifies the model
deployment story by eliminating the model extraction step, and makes it easier
to integrate existing performance-enhancing Python libraries. We evaluate our
design on a suite of popular PyTorch models on Github, showing how they can be
packaged in our inference format, and comparing their performance to
TorchScript. For larger models, our packaged Python models perform the same as
TorchScript, and for smaller models where there is some Python overhead, our
multi-interpreter approach ensures inference is still scalable.


  Nonequilibrium mode-coupling theory (MCT) for uniformly sheared underdamped
systems is developed, starting from the microscopic thermostatted SLLOD
equation, and the corresponding Liouville equation. Special attention is paid
to the translational invariance in the sheared frame, which requires an
appropriate definition of the transient time-correlators. The derived MCT
equation satisfies the alignment of the wavevectors, and is manifestly
translationally invariant. Isothermal condition is implemented by the
introduction of the current fluctuation in the dissipative coupling to the
thermostat. This current fluctation grows in the $\alpha$-relaxation regime,
which generates a deviation of the yield stress in the glassy phase from the
overdamped case. Response to a perturbation of the shear rate demonstrates an
inertia effect which is not observed in the overdamped case. Our theory turns
out to be a non-trivial extension of the theory by Fuchs and Cates (J. Rheol.
53(4), 2009) to underdamped systems. Since our starting point is identical to
that by Chong and Kim (Phys. Rev. E 79, 2009), the contradictions between
Fuchs-Cates and Chong-Kim are resolved.


  Making and distributing audio recordings of lectures is cheap and technically
straightforward, and these recordings represent an underexploited teaching
resource. We explore the reasons why such recordings are not more used; we
believe the barriers inhibiting such use should be easily overcome. Students
can listen to a lecture they missed, or re-listen to a lecture at revision
time, but their interaction is limited by the affordances of the replaying
technology. Listening to lecture audio is generally solitary, linear, and
disjoint from other available media.
  In this paper, we describe a tool we are developing at the University of
Glasgow, which enriches students' interactions with lecture audio. We describe
our experiments with this tool in session 2012--13. Fewer students used the
tool than we expected would naturally do so, and we discuss some possible
explanations for this.


  The analogue of the charge-conjugation modular invariant for rational
logarithmic conformal field theories is constructed. This is done by
reconstructing the bulk spectrum from a simple boundary condition (the analogue
of the Cardy `identity brane'). We apply the general method to the c_1,p
triplet models and reproduce the previously known bulk theory for p=2 at c=-2.
For general p we verify that the resulting partition functions are modular
invariant. We also construct the complete set of 2p boundary states, and
confirm that the identity brane from which we started indeed exists. As a
by-product we obtain a logarithmic version of the Verlinde formula for the
c_1,p triplet models.


  Let $ \{W(t), t\ge 0\}$ be a standard Brownian motion. If $I$ is a bounded
interval on which $W $ has no zero, an almost sure lower bound to
$\inf\{|W(t)|, t\in I\}$ can be provided, when $I$ is taken from a given
countable family of intervals covering the positive half-line.


  The motion of a classical particle in a gravitational and a Yang-Mills field
was described by S. Sternberg and A. Weinstein by a particular Hamiltonian
system on a Poisson manifold known under the name of Sternberg-Weinstein phase
space. This system leads to the generalization of the Lorentz equation of
motion first discovered by Wong. The aim of this work is to show that
inversely, a Hamiltonian H on a general Poisson manifold, with the property
that its differential vanishes on a Lagrangian submanifold X of a symplectic
leaf and is generic in any other direction, naturally defines a metric on X, as
well as a principal connection form on a canonical principal fiber bundle on X.
These fields, which are credited to model a gravitational and a Yang-Mills
field on X, respectively, define a linearized Hamiltonian system of Wong type
on a canonical linearized Poisson manifold at X locally isomorphic to a
Sternberg-Weinstein phase space. In addition, H is shown to define scalar
fields which first appeared in a theory of Einstein and Mayer. In the presence
of a coisotropic constraint, the reduced system can be regarded as the phase
space of particles in gravitational, Yang-Mills and Higgs fields. We further
show that all our constructions are locally related to usual gauge and
Kaluza-Klein theory via symplectic realization.


  This paper considers the self-consistent Coulomb interaction within arrays of
self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) which are embedded in a pn structure.
Strong emphasis is being put on the statistical occupation of the electronic QD
states which has to be solved self-consistently with the actual
three-dimensional potential distribution. A model which is based on a Green's
function formalism including screening effects is used to calculate the
interaction of QD carriers within an array of QDs, where screening due to the
inhomogeneous bulk charge distribution is taken into acount. We apply our model
to simulate capacitance-voltage (CV) characteristics of a pn structure with
embedded QDs. Different size distributions of QDs and ensembles of spatially
perodic and randomly distributed arrays of QDs are investigated.


  Community detection is a classical problem in the field of graph mining.
While most algorithms work on the entire graph, it is often interesting in
practice to recover only the community containing some given set of seed nodes.
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to this problem, using some
low-dimensional embedding of the graph based on random walks starting from the
seed nodes. From this embedding, we propose some simple yet efficient versions
of the PageRank algorithm as well as a novel algorithm, called WalkSCAN, that
is able to detect multiple communities, possibly overlapping. We provide
insights into the performance of these algorithms through the theoretical
analysis of a toy network and show that WalkSCAN outperforms existing
algorithms on real networks.


  NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino experiment that uses an upgraded NuMI
neutrino source at Fermilab and a 14-kton detector at Ash River, Minnesota. The
detector has a highly active, finely segmented design that offers superb event
identification capability. This talk presents the latest $\nu_\mu$
($\bar{\nu}_\mu$) disappearance and $\nu_e$ ($\bar{\nu}_e$) appearance combined
results using the first NOvA anti-neutrino beam data. In the far detector, 18
$\bar{\nu}_e$ candidate events are observed, with a significance of
$\bar{\nu}_e$ appearance more than 4 $\sigma$. The NOvA results favor a normal
neutrino mass hierarchy.


  We report the observation of vorticity in a macroscopic Bose-Einstein
condensate of polaritons in a ring geometry. Because it is a spinor condensate,
the elementary excitations are "half vortices" in which there is a phase
rotation of $\pi$ in connection with a polarization vector rotation of $\pi$
around a closed path. This is clearly seen in the experimental observations of
the polarization rotation around the ring. In the ring geometry, a new type of
half vortex is allowed in which the handedness of the spin flips from one side
of the ring to the other, in addition to the rotation of the linear
polarization component; such a state is not allowed in a simply-connected
geometry. Theoretical calculation of the energy of this state shows that when
many-body interactions are taken into account, it is lower in energy than a
simple half vortex. The direction of circulation of the flow around the ring
fluctuates randomly between clockwise and counterclockwise from one shot to the
next; this corresponds to spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the
system. These new, macroscopic polariton ring condensates allow for the
possibility of direct control of the vorticity of the condensate.


  We construct a reduction which proves that the fooling set number and the
determinantal rank of a Boolean matrix are NP-hard to compute.


  The article contains a detailed description of the connection between finite
depth inclusions of $II_1$-subfactors and finite $C^*$-tensor categories (i.e.
$C^*$-tensor categories with dimension function for which the number of
equivalence classes of irreducible objects is finite). The $(N,N)$-bimodules
belonging to a $II_1$-subfactor $N\subset M$ with finite Jones index form a
$C^*$-tensor category with dimension function. Conversely, taking an object of
a finite $C^*$-tensor category C we construct a subfactor $A\subset R$ of the
hyperfinite $II_1$-factor R with finite index and finite depth. For this
subfactor we compute the standard invariant and show that the $C^*$-tensor
category of the corresponding $(A,A)$-bimodules is equivalent to a subcategory
of C. We illustrate the results for the $C^*$-tensor category of the unitary
finite dimensional corepresentations of a finite dimensional Hopf-*-algebra.


  We start from a discussion of the general form and general CP-- and CPT--
transformation properties of the Lee--Oehme--Yang (LOY) effective Hamiltonian
for the neutral kaon complex. Next we show that there exists an approximation
which is more accurate than the LOY, and which leads to an effective
Hamiltonian whose diagonal matrix elements posses CPT transformation
properties, which differ from those of the LOY effective Hamiltonian. These
properties of the mentioned effective Hamiltonians are compared with the
properties of the exact effective Hamiltonian for the neutral kaon complex. We
show that the diagonal matrix elements of the exact effective Hamiltonian
governing the time evolution in the subspace of states of an unstable particle
and its antiparticle need not be equal at for $t > t_{0}$ ($t_{0}$ is the
instant of creation of the pair) when the total system under consideration is
CPT invariant but CP noninvariant. The unusual consequence of this result is
that, contrary to the properties of stable particles, the masses of the
unstable particle "1" and its antiparticle "2" need not be equal for $t \gg
t_{0}$ in the case of preserved CPT and violated CP symmetries.


  Breathing disorders such as sleep apnea is a critical disorder that affects a
large number of individuals due to the insufficient capacity of the lungs to
contain/exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide to ensure that the body is in the
stable state of homeostasis. Respiratory Measurements such as minute
ventilation can be used in correlation with other physiological measurements
such as heart rate and heart rate variability for remote monitoring of health
and detecting symptoms of such breathing related disorders. In this work, we
formulate a deep learning based approach to measure remote ventilation on a
private dataset. The dataset will be made public upon acceptance of this work.
We use two versions of a deep neural network to estimate the minute ventilation
from data streams obtained through wearable heart rate and respiratory devices.
We demonstrate that the simple design of our pipeline - which includes
lightweight deep neural networks - can be easily incorporate into real time
health monitoring systems.


  Ions confined using a Paul trap require a stable, high voltage and low noise
radio frequency (RF) potential. We present a guide for the design and
construction of a helical coil resonator for a desired frequency that maximises
the quality factor for a set of experimental constraints. We provide an
in-depth analysis of the system formed from a shielded helical coil and an ion
trap by treating the system as a lumped element model. This allows us to
predict the resonant frequency and quality factor in terms of the physical
parameters of the resonator and the properties of the ion trap. We also compare
theoretical predictions with experimental data for different resonators, and
predict the voltage applied to the ion trap as a function of the Q-factor,
input power and the properties of the resonant circuit.


  A permanent magnet assembly in which the flux density can be altered by a
mechanical operation is often significantly smaller than comparable
electromagnets and also requires no electrical power to operate. In this paper
five permanent magnet designs in which the magnetic flux density can be altered
are analyzed using numerical simulations, and compared based on the generated
magnetic flux density in a sample volume and the amount of magnet material
used. The designs are the concentric Halbach cylinder, the two half Halbach
cylinders, the two linear Halbach arrays and the four and six rod mangle. The
concentric Halbach cylinder design is found to be the best performing design,
i.e. the design that provides the most magnetic flux density using the least
amount of magnet material. A concentric Halbach cylinder has been constructed
and the magnetic flux density, the homogeneity and the direction of the
magnetic field are measured and compared with numerical simulation and a good
agreement is found.


  Crossed modules are known to be a model of pointed connected homotopy
2-types; formally, the homotopy category of crossed modules is equivalent to
the category of pointed connected homotopy 2-types. In forming the homotopy
category of crossed modules, one must resort to computing derived morphisms
using non-constructive topological methods, but Behrang Noohi was able to find
an algebraic model of these derived morphisms called butterflies. The result is
a completely algebraic model of pointed connected homotopy 2-types. Reduced
crossed complexes are a generalization of crossed modules and model a subclass
of pointed connected homotopy types. We will present algebraic objects called
n-butterflies which satisfy similar properties to butterflies and begin to
generalize the theory of butterflies to model morphisms of pointed connected
homotopy n-types.


  We report the detection of a massive rotating disk around the high-mass Class
0 candidate NGC 7538S. The disk is well-resolved with BIMA (HPBW =3.7") in 3.4
mm continuum and in H13CN J = 1 - 0. It is seen nearly edge on and has a size
of ~ 30,000 AU. A young, powerful outflow perpendicular to the rotating disk is
mapped in SiO J = 2 - 1 and HCO+ J = 1 - 0. The dynamical age of the outflow is
< 10,000 yr. The velocity gradient seen in H13CN is consistent with Keplerian
rotation. Assuming that the gas is gravitationally bound, the mass of the
central object is ~ 40 Msun. The mass of the continuum ``disk'' is <= 100 Msun
and has a luminosity of 10^4 Lsun. H13CN gives a mass ~ 400 Msun for the
rotating disk, and ~ 1000 Msun for the extended (20") envelope. Our
observations confirm that this is an extremely massive protostar in its
earliest stages.


  Output stabilizability of a class of infinite dimensional linear systems is
studied in this paper. A criterion for the system to be output stabilizable by
a linear bounded feedback $u=Fx$, $F\in L(Z,\mathbb{R}^{^{p}})$ will be given.


  It is well known that most of the common clustering objectives are NP-hard to
optimize. In practice, however, clustering is being routinely carried out. One
approach for providing theoretical understanding of this seeming discrepancy is
to come up with notions of clusterability that distinguish realistically
interesting input data from worst-case data sets. The hope is that there will
be clustering algorithms that are provably efficient on such 'clusterable'
instances. In other words, hope that "Clustering is difficult only when it does
not matter" (CDNM thesis, for short).
  We believe that to some extent this may indeed be the case. This paper
provides a survey of recent papers along this line of research and a critical
evaluation their results. Our bottom line conclusion is that that CDNM thesis
is still far from being formally substantiated. We start by discussing which
requirements should be met in order to provide formal support the validity of
the CDNM thesis. In particular, we list some implied requirements for notions
of clusterability. We then examine existing results in view of those
requirements and outline some research challenges and open questions.


  The Markov gap \cite{Hayden:2021gno}, namely the difference between reflected
entropy and mutual information, is explicitly computed in the defect extremal
surface model, JT gravity, and the generic 2d extremal black holes, in vacuum
states.
  The phases that contain various island contributions are considered, and
their existence is carefully checked.
  Moreover, we show explicitly how the Markov gap originates from the OPE
coefficient of the boundary CFT. And, as a generalization of
\cite{Hayden:2021gno}, the lower bound of the Markov gap is given by
$\frac{c}{3}\log 2$ times the number of EWCS boundaries on minimal surfaces.
  We propose a boundary way of counting the lower bound for the Markov gap,
which states that the lower bound is given by $\frac{c}{3}\log 2$ times the
number of gaps between two boundary regions in vacuum states.
  We discuss the limitation and possible generalization of the boundary
counting, and its relation to tripartite entanglement.


  We conjecture what the cone of hypercohomology tables of bounded complexes of
coherent sheaves on projective spaces are, when we have specified regularity
conditions on the cohomology sheaves of this complex and its dual.
  There is an injection from the this cone into the cone of homological data
sets of squarefree modules over a polynomial ring $\kk[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$, and
we conjecture that this is an isomorphism: The Tate resolutions of a complex of
coherent sheaves and the exterior coalgebra on $\langle x_1, \ldots, x_n
\rangle$ may be amalgamated together to form a complex of free $\Sym(\oplus_i
x_i \te W^*)$-modules, a procedure introduced by Cox and Materov. Via a
reduction $\oplus_i x_i \te W^* \pil \oplus_i x_i \te \kk$ we get a complex of
free modules over $\kk[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$
  The extremal rays in the cone of squarefree complexes are conjecturally given
by triplets of pure free squarefree complexes introduced in \cite{FlTr}. We
describe the corresponding classes of hypercohomology tables, a class which
generalizes vector bundles with supernatural cohomology.
  We also show how various pure resolutions in the literature, like resolutions
of modules supported on determinantal varieties, and tensor complexes, may be
obtained by the first part of the procedure.


  By means of the idea of measurements on the crossed space-time nonlocal
observables, we extend the mechanism for the two-way quantum teleportation to
the chain teleportation among N spatially separated spin-1/2 systems. Since in
the process only the local interactions are used, the microcausality is
automatically satisfied.


  In this paper we revisit the arguments that have led to the proposal of a
multi-instanton measure for supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories. We then recall
how the moduli space of gauge connections on $\real^4$ can be built from a
hyperk\"ahler quotient construction which we generalize to supermanifolds. The
measure we are looking for is given by the supermetric of the supermoduli space
thus introduced. To elucidate the construction we carry out explicit
computations in the case of N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories.


  We show that extremal black holes have zero entropy by pointing out a simple
fact: they are time-independent throughout the spacetime and correspond to a
single classical microstate. We show that non-extremal black holes, including
the Schwarzschild black hole, contain a region hidden behind the event horizon
where all their Killing vectors are spacelike. This region is nonstationary and
the time $t$ labels a continuous set of classical microstates, the phase space
$[\,h_{ab}(t), P^{ab}(t)\,]$, where $h_{ab}$ is a three-metric induced on a
spacelike hypersurface $\Sigma_t$ and $P^{ab}$ is its momentum conjugate. We
determine explicitly the phase space in the interior region of the
Schwarzschild black hole. We identify its entropy as a measure of an outside
observer's ignorance of the classical microstates in the interior since the
parameter $t$ which labels the states lies anywhere between 0 and 2M. We
provide numerical evidence from recent simulations of gravitational collapse in
isotropic coordinates that the entropy of the Schwarzschild black hole stems
from the region inside and near the event horizon where the metric fields are
nonstationary; the rest of the spacetime, which is static, makes no
contribution. Extremal black holes have an event horizon but in contrast to
non-extremal black holes, their extended spacetimes do not possess a bifurcate
Killing horizon. This is consistent with the fact that extremal black holes are
time-independent and therefore have no distinct time-reverse.


  This paper is directed to the readers who are familiar with the earlier
papers by the author on the topic of mass-energy equivalence. A number of
important questions about the total energy equation H=mv^2 and its implications
are answered qualitatively. The relationship between the equation H=mv^2 and
the 4-vector (Minkowski) representation of Special Relativity is discussed in
detail. Other issues, such as de Broglie's original formulation of wave
mechanics, are also discussed.


  Social interactions determine many economic behaviors, but information on
social ties does not exist in most publicly available and widely used datasets.
We present results on the identification of social networks from observational
panel data that contains no information on social ties between agents. In the
context of a canonical social interactions model, we provide sufficient
conditions under which the social interactions matrix, endogenous and exogenous
social effect parameters are all globally identified. While this result is
relevant across different estimation strategies, we then describe how
high-dimensional estimation techniques can be used to estimate the interactions
model based on the Adaptive Elastic Net GMM method. We employ the method to
study tax competition across US states. We find the identified social
interactions matrix implies tax competition differs markedly from the common
assumption of competition between geographically neighboring states, providing
further insights for the long-standing debate on the relative roles of factor
mobility and yardstick competition in driving tax setting behavior across
states. Most broadly, our identification and application show the analysis of
social interactions can be extended to economic realms where no network data
exists.


  The tensor product of $\mathbb{A}^1$-invariant sheaves with transfers
introduced by Voevodsky is generalized to reciprocity sheaves via the theory of
modulus presheaves with transfers. We prove several general properties of this
construction and compute it in some cases. In particular we obtain new
(motivic) presentations of the absolute K\"ahler differentials and the first
infinitesimal neighborhood of the diagonal.


  Making classifiers robust to adversarial examples is hard. Thus, many
defenses tackle the seemingly easier task of detecting perturbed inputs. We
show a barrier towards this goal. We prove a general hardness reduction between
detection and classification of adversarial examples: given a robust detector
for attacks at distance {\epsilon} (in some metric), we can build a similarly
robust (but inefficient) classifier for attacks at distance {\epsilon}/2. Our
reduction is computationally inefficient, and thus cannot be used to build
practical classifiers. Instead, it is a useful sanity check to test whether
empirical detection results imply something much stronger than the authors
presumably anticipated. To illustrate, we revisit 13 detector defenses. For
11/13 cases, we show that the claimed detection results would imply an
inefficient classifier with robustness far beyond the state-of-the-art.


  The validation of global climate models plays a crucial role in ensuring the
accuracy of climatological predictions. However, existing statistical methods
for evaluating differences between climate fields often overlook time
misalignment and therefore fail to distinguish between sources of variability.
To more comprehensively measure differences between climate fields, we
introduce a new vector-valued metric, the sliced elastic distance. This new
metric simultaneously accounts for spatial and temporal variability while
decomposing the total distance into shape differences (amplitude), timing
variability (phase), and bias (translation). We compare the sliced elastic
distance against a classical metric and a newly developed Wasserstein-based
approach through a simulation study. Our results demonstrate that the sliced
elastic distance outperforms previous methods by capturing a broader range of
features. We then apply our metric to evaluate the historical model outputs of
the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) members, focusing on monthly
average surface temperatures and monthly total precipitation. By comparing
these model outputs with quasi-observational ERA5 Reanalysis data products, we
rank the CMIP models and assess their performance. Additionally, we investigate
the progression from CMIP phase 5 to phase 6 and find modest improvements in
the phase 6 models regarding their ability to produce realistic climate
dynamics.


  AH Her is a Z Cam-type dwarf nova with an orbital period of ~ 0.258 d. Dwarf
nova oscillations and long-period dwarf nova oscillations have been detected,
but no quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and negative superhumps (NSHs) have
been found. We investigated the association between NSHs, QPOs, and outbursts
of AH Her based on \textit{TESS} photometry. We find for the first time the
NSHs with a period of 0.24497(1) d in AH Her, and trace the variation of the
amplitude and period of NSHs with the outburst. The amplitude of the NSHs is
most significant at quiescence, weakening as the outburst rises, becoming
undetectable at the top, rebounding and weakening at the plateau, and
strengthening again as the outburst declines. The variation of the accretion
disk radius can explain the NSHs amplitude variation except for the plateau, so
we suggest that the relationship between NSHs amplitude and outburst can be
used as a window to study the accretion disk instability and the origin of
NSHs. In addition, we find the periodic variations in the amplitude, maxima,
and shape of the NSHs ranging from 2.33(2) d to 2.68(5) d, which may be related
to the precession of the tilted disk. Finally, we find QPOs at the top of AH
Her's long outburst with ~ 2800 s similar to HS 2325+8205, suggesting that the
presence of QPOs at the top of Z Cam's long outburst may be a general
phenomenon


  We study the subsonic flows governed by full Euler equations in the half
plane bounded below by a piecewise smooth curve asymptotically approaching
x1-axis. Nonconstant conditions in the far field are prescribed to ensure the
real Euler flows. The Euler system is reduced to a single elliptic equation for
the stream function. The existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behaviors of the
solutions for the reduced equation are established by Schauder fixed point
argument and some delicate estimates. The existence of subsonic flows for the
original Euler system is proved based on the results for the reduced equation,
and their asymptotic behaviors in the far field are also obtained.


  In development of the started activity on lattice analogues of $W$-algebras,
we define the notion of lattice $W_{\infty}$-algebra, accociated with lattice
integrable system with infinite set of fields. Various kinds of reduction to
lattice $W_N$-algebras, related to discrete $N$-KdV hierarchies are described.
We also discuss the connection of our results with those obtained in the papers
of Xiong [13] and Bonora [14].


  We provide an updated assessment of the power of the Cherenkov Telescope
Array (CTA) to search for thermally produced dark matter at the TeV scale, via
the associated gamma-ray signal from pair-annihilating dark matter particles in
the region around the Galactic centre. We find that CTA will open a new window
of discovery potential, significantly extending the range of robustly testable
models given a standard cuspy profile of the dark matter density distribution.
Importantly, even for a cored profile, the projected sensitivity of CTA will be
sufficient to probe various well-motivated models of thermally produced dark
matter at the TeV scale. This is due to CTA's unprecedented sensitivity,
angular and energy resolutions, and the planned observational strategy. The
survey of the inner Galaxy will cover a much larger region than corresponding
previous observational campaigns with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes.
CTA will map with unprecedented precision the large-scale diffuse emission in
high-energy gamma rays, constituting a background for dark matter searches for
which we adopt state-of-the-art models based on current data. Throughout our
analysis, we use up-to-date event reconstruction Monte Carlo tools developed by
the CTA consortium, and pay special attention to quantifying the level of
instrumental systematic uncertainties, as well as background template
systematic errors, required to probe thermally produced dark matter at these
energies.
  "Full likelihood tables complementing our analysis are provided here [
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4057987 ]"


  Split learning is a distributed training framework that allows multiple
parties to jointly train a machine learning model over vertically partitioned
data (partitioned by attributes). The idea is that only intermediate
computation results, rather than private features and labels, are shared
between parties so that raw training data remains private. Nevertheless, recent
works showed that the plaintext implementation of split learning suffers from
severe privacy risks that a semi-honest adversary can easily reconstruct
labels. In this work, we propose \textsf{TPSL} (Transcript Private Split
Learning), a generic gradient perturbation based split learning framework that
provides provable differential privacy guarantee. Differential privacy is
enforced on not only the model weights, but also the communicated messages in
the distributed computation setting. Our experiments on large-scale real-world
datasets demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of \textsf{TPSL} against
label leakage attacks. We also find that \textsf{TPSL} have a better
utility-privacy trade-off than baselines.


  We find explicitly the multiplicities in the (mixed) trace cocharacter
sequence of two $3\times 3$ matrices over a field of characteristic 0 and show
that asymptotically they behave as polynomials of seventh degree. As a
consequence we obtain also the multiplicities of certain irreducible characters
in the cocharacter sequence of the polynomial identities of $3\times 3$
matrices.


  Multidimensional in data warehouse is a compulsion and become the most
important for information delivery, without multidimensional data warehouse is
incomplete. Multidimensional give the able to analyze business measurement in
many different ways. Multidimensional is also synonymous with online analytical
processing (OLAP).


  While Bayesian methods are praised for their ability to incorporate useful
prior knowledge, in practice, convenient priors that allow for computationally
cheap or tractable inference are commonly used. In this paper, we investigate
the following question: for a given model, is it possible to compute an
inference result with any convenient false prior, and afterwards, given any
target prior of interest, quickly transform this result into the target
posterior? A potential solution is to use importance sampling (IS). However, we
demonstrate that IS will fail for many choices of the target prior, depending
on its parametric form and similarity to the false prior. Instead, we propose
prior swapping, a method that leverages the pre-inferred false posterior to
efficiently generate accurate posterior samples under arbitrary target priors.
Prior swapping lets us apply less-costly inference algorithms to certain
models, and incorporate new or updated prior information "post-inference". We
give theoretical guarantees about our method, and demonstrate it empirically on
a number of models and priors.


  Hot corino chemistry and warm carbon chain chemistry (WCCC) are driven by
gas-grain interactions in star-forming cores: radical-radical recombination
reactions to form complex organic molecules (COMs) in the ice mantle,
sublimation of CH$_4$ and COMs, and their subsequent gas-phase reactions. These
chemical features are expected to depend on the composition of ice mantle which
is set in the prestellar phase. We calculated the gas-grain chemical reaction
network considering a layered ice-mantle structure in star-forming cores, to
investigate how the hot corino chemistry and WCCC depend on the physical
condition of the static phase before the onset of gravitational collapse. We
found that WCCC becomes more active, if the temperature is lower, or the visual
extinction is lower in the static phase, or the static phase is longer.
Dependence of hot corino chemistry on the static-phase condition is more
complex. While CH$_3$OH is less abundant in the models with warmer static
phase, some COMs are formed efficiently in those warm models, since there are
various formation paths of COMs. If the visual extinction is lower, photolysis
makes COMs less abundant in the static phase. Once the collapse starts and
visual extinction increases, however, COMs can be formed efficiently. Duration
of the static phase does not largely affect COM abundances. Chemical diversity
between prototypical hot corinos and hybrid sources, in which both COMs and
carbon chains are reasonably abundant, can be explained by the variation of
prestellar conditions. Deficiency of gaseous COMs in prototypical WCCC sources
is, however, hard to reproduce within our models.


  We revisit the tidal stability of extrasolar systems harboring a transiting
planet and demonstrate that, independently of any tidal model, none but one
(HAT-P-2b) of these planets has a tidal equilibrium state, which implies
ultimately a collision of these objects with their host star. Consequently,
conventional circularization and synchronization timescales cannot be defined
because the corresponding states do not represent the endpoint of the tidal
evolution. Using numerical simulations of the coupled tidal equations for the
spin and orbital parameters of each transiting planetary system, we confirm
these predictions and show that the orbital eccentricity and the stellar
obliquity do not follow the usually assumed exponential relaxation but instead
decrease significantly, reaching eventually a zero value, only during the final
runaway merging of the planet with the star. The only characteristic evolution
timescale of {\it all} rotational and orbital parameters is the lifetime of the
system, which crucially depends on the magnitude of tidal dissipation within
the star. These results imply that the nearly circular orbits of transiting
planets and the alignment between the stellar spin axis and the planetary orbit
are unlikely to be due to tidal dissipation. Other dissipative mechanisms, for
instance interactions with the protoplanetary disk, must be invoked to explain
these properties.


  We present a summary of the latest measurements of branching fractions and
direct CP violations in the charmless hadronic two-body B decays B -> K^+ pi^-,
K^+ pi^0, K^0 pi^+ and K^0 pi^0, performed by the Belle, BABAR, CDF and CLEO
experiments. The interpretations and the future prospects about discrepancies,
called "Kpi puzzle", between theoretical expectations and measurements are
discussed.


  Using a functional method it is demonstrated that a generic quantum system
evolves to a decohered state in a final pointer basis.


  We report on an effective gauge theory of double-layer quantum Hall systems,
that is constructed via bosonization from the response of incompressible states
without referring to composite bosons and fermions. It is pointed out that
dipole-active excitations, both elementary and collective, govern the
long-wavelength features of quantum Hall systems, and the single-mode
approximation is used to study them. The effective theory consists of three
vector fields representing one interlayer collective mode and two cyclotron
modes, and properly incorporates the spectrum of collective excitations on the
right scale of the Coulomb interaction. Special emphasis is placed on exploring
the advantage of looking into quantum Hall systems through their response; in
particular, subtleties inherent to the standard Chern-Simons theories are
critically examined.


  We introduce a mathematical framework for statistical exoplanet population
and astrobiology studies that may help directing future observational efforts
and experiments. The approach is based on a set of differential equations and
provides a time-dependent mapping between star formation, metal enrichment, and
the occurrence of exoplanets and potentially life-harboring worlds over the
chemo-population history of the solar neighborhood. Our results are summarized
as follows: 1) the formation of exoplanets in the solar vicinity was episodic,
starting with the emergence of the thick disk about 11 Gyr ago; 2) within 100
pc from the Sun, there are as many as 11,000 (eta/0.24) Earth-size planets in
the habitable zone ("temperate terrestrial planets" or TTPs) of K-type stars.
The solar system is younger than the median TTP, and was created in a star
formation surge that peaked 5.5 Gyr ago and was triggered by an external agent;
3) the metallicity modulation of the giant planet occurrence rate results in a
later typical formation time, with TTPs outnumbering giant planets at early
times; 4) the closest, life-harboring Earth-like planet would be < 20 pc away
if microbial life arose as soon as it did on Earth in > 1 % of the TTPs around
K stars. If simple life is abundant (fast abiogenesis), it is also old, as it
would have emerged more than 8 Gyr ago in about one third of all life-bearing
planets today. Older Earth analogs are more likely to have developed
sufficiently complex life capable of altering the environment and producing
detectable oxygenic biosignatures.


  Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance on a wide
variety of tasks, but they often struggle with tasks that require multi-step
reasoning or goal-directed planning. To address this, we take inspiration from
the human brain, in which planning is accomplished via the recurrent
interaction of specialized modules in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These
modules perform functions such as conflict monitoring, state prediction, state
evaluation, task decomposition, and task coordination. We find that LLMs are
sometimes capable of carrying out these functions in isolation, but struggle to
autonomously coordinate them in the service of a goal. Therefore, we propose a
black box architecture with multiple LLM-based (GPT-4) modules. The
architecture improves planning through the interaction of specialized
PFC-inspired modules that break down a larger problem into multiple brief
automated calls to the LLM. We evaluate the combined architecture on three
challenging planning tasks -- graph traversal, Tower of Hanoi, and logistics --
finding that it yields significant improvements over standard LLM methods
(e.g., zero-shot prompting, in-context learning, and chain-of-thought). These
results demonstrate the benefit of utilizing knowledge from cognitive
neuroscience to improve planning in LLMs.


  Experimental results indicating the existence of the high magnetic field
Wigner Crystal have been available for a number of years. While variational
wavefunctions have demonstrated the instability of the Laughlin liquid to a
Wigner Crystal at sufficiently small filling, calculations of the excitation
gaps have been hampered by the strong correlations. Recently a new Hamiltonian
formulation of the fractional quantum Hall problem has been developed. In this
work we extend the Hamiltonian approach to include states of nonuniform
density, and use it to compute the excitation gaps of the Wigner Crystal
states. We find that the Wigner Crystal states near $\nu=1/5$ are
quantitatively well described as crystals of Composite Fermions with four
vortices attached. Predictions for gaps and the shear modulus of the crystal
are presented, and found to be in reasonable agreement with experiments.


  We consider the following surveillance problem: Given a set $P$ of $n$ sites
in a metric space and a set of $k$ robots with the same maximum speed, compute
a patrol schedule of minimum latency for the robots. Here a patrol schedule
specifies for each robot an infinite sequence of sites to visit (in the given
order) and the latency $L$ of a schedule is the maximum latency of any site,
where the latency of a site $s$ is the supremum of the lengths of the time
intervals between consecutive visits to $s$. When $k=1$ the problem is
equivalent to the travelling salesman problem (TSP) and thus it is NP-hard. We
have two main results. We consider cyclic solutions in which the set of sites
must be partitioned into $\ell$ groups, for some~$\ell \leq k$, and each group
is assigned a subset of the robots that move along the travelling salesman tour
of the group at equal distance from each other. Our first main result is that
approximating the optimal latency of the class of cyclic solutions can be
reduced to approximating the optimal travelling salesman tour on some input,
with only a $1+\varepsilon$ factor loss in the approximation factor and an
$O\left(\left( k/\varepsilon \right)^k\right)$ factor loss in the runtime, for
any $\varepsilon >0$. Our second main result shows that an optimal cyclic
solution is a $2(1-1/k)$-approximation of the overall optimal solution. Note
that for $k=2$ this implies that an optimal cyclic solution is optimal overall.
The results have a number of consequences. For the Euclidean version of the
problem, for instance, combining our results with known results on Euclidean
TSP, yields a PTAS for approximating an optimal cyclic solution, and it yields
a $(2(1-1/k)+\varepsilon)$-approximation of the optimal unrestricted solution.
If the conjecture mentioned above is true, then our algorithm is actually a
PTAS for the general problem in the Euclidean setting.


  Self-sustained time-dependent current oscillations under dc voltage bias have
been observed in recent experiments on n-doped semiconductor superlattices with
sequential resonant tunneling. The current oscillations are caused by the
motion and recycling of the domain wall separating low- and high-electric-
field regions of the superlattice, as the analysis of a discrete drift model
shows and experimental evidence supports. Numerical simulation shows that
different nonlinear dynamical regimes of the domain wall appear when an
external microwave signal is superimposed on the dc bias and its driving
frequency and driving amplitude vary. On the frequency - amplitude parameter
plane, there are regions of entrainment and quasiperiodicity forming Arnol'd
tongues. Chaos is demonstrated to appear at the boundaries of the tongues and
in the regions where they overlap. Coexistence of up to four electric-field
domains randomly nucleated in space is detected under ac+dc driving.


  A new limit for the neutron electric dipole moment has been recently
reported. This new limit is obtained by combining the result from a previous
experiment with the result from a more recent experiment that has much worse
statistical accuracy. We show that the old result has a systematic error
possibly four times greater than the new limit, and under the circumstances,
averaging of the old and new results is statistically invalid. The conclusion
is that it would be more appropriate to quote two independent but mutually
supportive limits as obtained from each experiment separately.


  A pair of triply charmed baryons, $\Omega_{ccc}\Omega_{ccc}$, is studied as
an ideal dibaryon system by (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD with nearly physical
light-quark masses and the relativistic heavy quark action with the physical
charm quark mass. The spatial baryon-baryon correlation is related to their
scattering parameters on the basis of the HAL QCD method. The
$\Omega_{ccc}\Omega_{ccc}$ in the ${^1S_0}$ channel taking into account the
Coulomb repulsion with the charge form factor of $\Omega_{ccc}$ leads to the
scattering length $a^{\rm C}_0\simeq -19~\text{fm}$ and the effective range
$r^{\rm C}_{\mathrm{eff}}\simeq 0.45~\text{fm}$. The ratio $r^{\rm
C}_{\mathrm{eff}}/a^{\rm C}_0 \simeq -0.024$, whose magnitude is considerably
smaller than that of the dineutron ($-0.149$), indicates that
$\Omega_{ccc}\Omega_{ccc}$ is located in the unitary regime.


  We present an efficient method for the computation of homogenized
coefficients of divergence-form operators with random coefficients. The
approach is based on a multiscale representation of the homogenized
coefficients. We then implement the method numerically using a finite-element
method with hierarchical hybrid grids, which is a semi-implicit method allowing
for significant gains in memory usage and execution time. Finally, we
demonstrate the efficiency of our approach on two- and three-dimensional
examples, for piecewise-constant coefficients with corner discontinuities. For
moderate ellipticity contrast and for a precision of a few percentage points,
our method allows to compute the homogenized coefficients on a laptop computer
in a few seconds, in two dimensions, or in a few minutes, in three dimensions.


  Here we propose a new approach to modeling gene expression based on the
theory of random dynamical systems (RDS) that provides a general coupling
prescription between the nodes of any given regulatory network given the
dynamics of each node is modeled by a RDS. The main virtues of this approach
are the following: (i) it provides a natural way to obtain arbitrarily large
networks by coupling together simple basic pieces, thus revealing the
modularity of regulatory networks; (ii) the assumptions about the stochastic
processes used in the modeling are fairly general, in the sense that the only
requirement is stationarity; (iii) there is a well developed mathematical
theory, which is a blend of smooth dynamical systems theory, ergodic theory and
stochastic analysis that allows one to extract relevant dynamical and
statistical information without solving the system; (iv) one may obtain the
classical rate equations form the corresponding stochastic version by averaging
the dynamic random variables (small noise limit). It is important to emphasize
that unlike the deterministic case, where coupling two equations is a trivial
matter, coupling two RDS is non-trivial, specially in our case, where the
coupling is performed between a state variable of one gene and the switching
stochastic process of another gene and, hence, it is not a priori true that the
resulting coupled system will satisfy the definition of a random dynamical
system. We shall provide the necessary arguments that ensure that our coupling
prescription does indeed furnish a coupled regulatory network of random
dynamical systems. Finally, the fact that classical rate equations are the
small noise limit of our stochastic model ensures that any validation or
prediction made on the basis of the classical theory is also a validation or
prediction of our model.


  We introduce a lattice model of glass transition in polymer globules. This
model exhibits a novel scenario of ergodicity breaking in which the disjoint
regions of phase space do not arise uniformly, but as small chambers whose
number increases exponentially with polymer density. Chamber sizes obey power
law distribution, making phase space similar to a fractal foam. This clearly
demonstrates the importance of the phase space geometry and topology in
describing any glass-forming system, such as semicompact polymers during
protein folding.


  Modern analyses of diffusion processes have proposed nonlinear versions of
the Fokker-Planck equation to account for non-classical diffusion. These
nonlinear equations are usually constructed on a phenomenological basis. Here
we introduce a nonlinear transformation by defining the $q$-generating function
which, when applied to the intermediate scattering function of classical
statistical mechanics, yields, in a mathematically systematic derivation, a
generalized form of the advection-diffusion equation in Fourier space. Its
solutions are discussed and suggest that the $q$-generating function approach
should be a useful tool to generalize classical diffusive transport
formulations.


  Accountability is widely understood as a goal for well governed computer
systems, and is a sought-after value in many governance contexts. But how can
it be achieved? Recent work on standards for governable artificial intelligence
systems offers a related principle: traceability. Traceability requires
establishing not only how a system worked but how it was created and for what
purpose, in a way that explains why a system has particular dynamics or
behaviors. It connects records of how the system was constructed and what the
system did mechanically to the broader goals of governance, in a way that
highlights human understanding of that mechanical operation and the decision
processes underlying it. We examine the various ways in which the principle of
traceability has been articulated in AI principles and other policy documents
from around the world, distill from these a set of requirements on software
systems driven by the principle, and systematize the technologies available to
meet those requirements. From our map of requirements to supporting tools,
techniques, and procedures, we identify gaps and needs separating what
traceability requires from the toolbox available for practitioners. This map
reframes existing discussions around accountability and transparency, using the
principle of traceability to show how, when, and why transparency can be
deployed to serve accountability goals and thereby improve the normative
fidelity of systems and their development processes.


  The total value of domestic market capitalization of the Mexican Stock
Exchange was calculated at 520 billion of dollars by the end of November 2013.
To manage this system and make optimum capital investments, its dynamics needs
to be predicted. However, randomness within the stock indexes makes forecasting
a difficult task. To address this issue, in this work, trends and fractality
were studied using GNU-R over the opening and closing prices indexes over the
past 23 years. Returns, Kernel density estimation, autocorrelation function and
R/S analysis and the Hurst exponent were used in this research. As a result, it
was found that the Kernel estimation density and the autocorrelation function
shown the presence of long-range memory effects. In a first approximation, the
returns of closing prices seems to behave according to a Markovian random walk
with a length of step size given by an alpha-stable random process. For extreme
values, returns decay asymptotically as a power law with a characteristic
exponent approximately equal to 2.5.


  We reveal a novel macroscopic quantum phenomenon induced by a magnetic field.
It corresponds to the {\it non-integer quantization of the superfluid density}
in a superconductor with gap nodes due to the generation of confined
field-induced density waves (CFIDW) over a portion of the Fermi surface (FS).
The Landau numbers $L$ are not sufficient to index these macroscopic quantum
states and new quanrum numbers $\zeta$ must be added. Distinct qualitative
implications of this $|L,\zeta >$ quantization are evident in a number of
puzzling experiments in high-$T_c$ cuprates including the plateaus behavior in
the field profile of thermal conductivity, field induced magnetic moments,
charge textures around the vortices, and field induced vortex-solid to cascade
vortex glass transitions.


  Influence of shower fluctuations on the shape of lateral distribution of
electrons in EAS of fixed size measured by scintillation counters is analyzed
in framework of scaling formalism. Correction factors for the mean square
radius of electrons are calculated for the experimental conditions of KASCADE
array. Possible improvement of the primary mass discrimination by analysis of
lateral distribution of EAS electrons is discussed in detail.


  In the Euclidean Bottleneck Steiner Tree problem, the input consists of a set
of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^2$ called terminals and a parameter $k$, and the
goal is to compute a Steiner tree that spans all the terminals and contains at
most $k$ points of $\mathbb{R}^2$ as Steiner points such that the maximum
edge-length of the Steiner tree is minimized, where the length of a tree edge
is the Euclidean distance between its two endpoints. The problem is
well-studied and is known to be NP-hard. In this paper, we give a $k^{O(k)}
n^{O(1)}$-time algorithm for Euclidean Bottleneck Steiner Tree, which implies
that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT). This settles an open
question explicitly asked by Bae et al. [Algorithmica, 2011], who showed that
the $\ell_1$ and $\ell_{\infty}$ variants of the problem are FPT. Our approach
can be generalized to the problem with $\ell_p$ metric for any rational $1 \le
p \le \infty$, or even other metrics on $\mathbb{R}^2$.


  In this paper, we give a further study in-depth of the pseudo $n$-strong
Drazin inverses in an associative unital ring $R$. The characterizations of
elements $a,b\in R$ for which $aa^{\tiny{\textcircled{\qihao
D}}}=bb^{\tiny{\textcircled{\qihao D}}}$ are provided, and some new equivalent
conditions on pseudo $n$-strong Drazin inverses are obtained. In particular, we
show that an element $a\in R$ is pseudo $n$-strong Drazin invertible if, and
only if, $a$ is $p$-Drazin invertible and $a-a^{n+1}\in \sqrt{J(R)}$ if, and
only if, there exists $e^2=e\in {\rm comm}^2(a)$ such that $ae\in \sqrt{J(R)}$
and $1-(a+e)^n\in \sqrt{J(R)}$. We also consider pseudo $n$-strong Drazin
inverses with involution, and discuss the extended versions of Cline's formula
and Jacobson's lemma of this new class of generalized inverses. Likewise, we
define and explore the so-called {\it pseudo $\pi$-polar} rings and demonstrate
their relationships with periodic rings and strongly $\pi$-regular rings,
respectively.


  Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a widely used biomaterial for the preparation of bone
and dental implants. Despite the relevance of HAp in medicine, exciting
applications involving this material as a bio-compatible photocatalyst, depend
on how well we understand its fundamental properties. Experimental evidence
suggests that oxygen vacancies play a critical role in the production of
surface radicals upon exposure of HAp to ultra-violet (UV) light. However, very
little is known about the underlying physical and chemical details. We present
a hybrid density-functional study of the structural and electronic properties
of oxygen vacancies in large HAp supercells within the plane-wave formalism. We
find that under equilibrium conditions, vacancies occur either as a simple
vacant oxygen site (in the neutral charge state), or as extended structures
replacing several crystalline moieties (in the double plus charge state). Large
atomic relaxations upon ionization make the oxygen vacancy a negative-$U$
defect, where the single plus charge state is metastable, being only accessible
under UV excitation. From inspection of the transition levels, we find that
electron promotion from the valence band top to the donor state of the vacancy,
involves a zero-phonon transition of 3.6-3.9 eV. This mechanism is the most
likely explanation to the 3.4-4.0 eV absorption onset for the observation of
photocatalysis using HAp under persistent UV illumination.


  The presented material continues the previous article (arxiv:1007.1059) and
also is devoted to the equivalent conversion between the graphs. The examining
of the transformation of the vertex graphs into the edge graphs (together with
the opposite transformation) illustrates the reasons of the appearance of
NP-completeness from the point of view of the graph theory. We suggest that it
also illustrates the synchronous possibility and impossibility of the struggle
with NP-completeness.


  We report the measurement of beam-target double-spin asymmetries
($A_\text{LT}$) in the inclusive production of identified hadrons,
$\vec{e}~$+$~^3\text{He}^{\uparrow}\rightarrow h+X$, using a longitudinally
polarized 5.9 GeV electron beam and a transversely polarized $^3\rm{He}$
target. Hadrons ($\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$ and proton) were detected at
16$^{\circ}$ with an average momentum $<$$P_h$$>$=2.35 GeV/c and a transverse
momentum ($p_{T}$) coverage from 0.60 to 0.68 GeV/c. Asymmetries from the
$^3\text{He}$ target were observed to be non-zero for $\pi^{\pm}$ production
when the target was polarized transversely in the horizontal plane. The
$\pi^{+}$ and $\pi^{-}$ asymmetries have opposite signs, analogous to the
behavior of $A_\text{LT}$ in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering.


  The Sc galaxy NGC 6181 was observed at the 6m telescope of SAO RAS with the
scanning Perot-Fabry interferometer in the H-alpha emission line and at the 1m
telescope of SAO RAS in BVRI broadband filters with CCD. Subtraction of the
mean circular rotation curve from the two-dimensional velocity field has
revealed a ring-like zone with a diameter about of 2 kpc where strong radial
gas motions are present. The form of the ring is almost perfectly circular in
the plane of the galaxy. It is located closer to the center than the beginning
of the well-defined spiral structure, but outside of the central
bulge-dominated region. The detected radial velocity reduced to the plane of
the galaxy is about 100 km/sec and probably is azimuthally dependent. The very
inner region of the galaxy, r < 3 arcsec or 0.5 kpc, shows a turn of the
dynamical major axis by about 30 deg. Central continuum isophotes are also
twisted which suggests the presence of small nuclear bar.


  A set in the Euclidean plane is constructed whose image under the classical
Radon transform is Lipschitz in every direction. It is also shown that, under
mild hypotheses, for any such set the function which maps a direction to the
corresponding Lipschitz constant cannot be bounded.


  We discuss the quantum phase transition from the Mott-insulator state to the
density-wave state for cold Bose atoms in a 2D square lattice as the lattice is
adiabatically tilted along one of its primary axes. It is shown that a small
misalignment of the tilt drastically changes the result of the adiabatic
passage and, instead of the density-wave state, one obtains a disordered state.
Intrinsic relation of the problem to Bloch oscillations of hard-core bosons in
a 2D lattice is illuminated.


  The Dicke model describes an ensemble of N identical two-level atoms (qubits)
coupled to a single mode of a bosonic field. The fermion Dicke model should be
obtained by changing the atomic pseudo-spin operators by a linear combination
of Fermi operators. The generalized fermion Dicke model is defined introducing
different coupling constants between the single mode of the bosonic field and
the reservoir. In the thermodynamic limit, the fermion Dicke model can be
analized using the path integral approach with functional method. The system
exhibits a second order phase transition from normal to superrandiance at some
critical temperature with the presence of a condensate. We evaluate the
critical transition temperature and present the spectrum of the collective
bosonic excitations. There is quantum phantum critical behavior when the
coupling constants satisfy an especific condition. Two particular situations
are analyzed. First, we present the spectrum of the collective bosonic
excitations in the case using the rotating-wave approximation, recovering the
well know results. Second, the case only considering virtual processes. In the
last case, it is possible to have a superradiance phase when only virtual
processes are introduced in the interaction Hamiltonian. Here also appears a
quantum phase transition at some critical coupling, and for larger values for
the critical coupling, the system enter in this superradiant phase with a
Goldstone mode.


  The first aim of this paper is to establish the weak convergence rate of
nonlinear two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithms. Its second aim is
to introduce the averaging principle in the context of two-time-scale
stochastic approximation algorithms. We first define the notion of asymptotic
efficiency in this framework, then introduce the averaged two-time-scale
stochastic approximation algorithm, and finally establish its weak convergence
rate. We show, in particular, that both components of the averaged
two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithm simultaneously converge at
the optimal rate $\sqrt{n}$.


  The solution of equations from the title is well known since the Euler's
time. However, its proof in the case of multiple roots of the characteristic
polynomial is rather long and technical and even appearance of the factors
$x^m$ looks artificial. A new proof, proposed below, seems not only shorter,
but also more comprehensible for the students of any level.


  We study the connection between the semiclassical phase space of the
Bose--Hubbard dimer and inherently quantum phenomena in this model, such as
entanglement and dissipation-induced coherence. Near the semiclassical
self-trapping fixed points, the dynamics of EPR entanglement and condensate
fraction consists of beats among just three eigenstates. Since persistent EPR
entangled states arise only in the neighborhood of these fixed points, our
analysis explains essentially all of the entanglement dynamics in the system.
We derive accurate analytical approximations by expanding about the
strong-coupling limit; surprisingly, their realm of validity is nearly the
entire parameter space for which the self-trapping fixed points exist. Finally,
we show significant enhancement of entanglement can be produced by applying
localized dissipation.


  We have investigated how a strong magnetic field (B) could decipher the
anisotropic interaction in heavy quark ($Q$) and antiquark ($\bar Q$) bound
states through the perturbative thermal QCD in real-time formalism. So we
thermalize Schwinger propagator for quarks in LLL and the Feynman propagator
for gluons to calculate the gluon self-energy. For the quark-loop contribution
to the self-energy, the medium does not have any temperature correction and the
vacuum term gives rise an anisotropic term whereas the gluon-loop yields
temperature correction. This finding in quark-loop contribution corroborates
the equivalence of a massless QED in (1+1)-dimension with the massless thermal
QCD in strong B, which (quark sector) is reduced to (1+1)-dimension
(longitudinal). Thus the permittivity of the medium behaves like as a tensor.
Thus the permittivity of medium makes the $Q \bar Q$ potential anisotropic,
which resembles with a contemporary results found in lattice studies. As a
result, potential for $Q \bar Q$-pairs aligned transverse to B is more
attractive than parallel alignment. However, potential is always more
attractive compared to B=0 due to softening of screening mass. However, the
imaginary-part of potential becomes smaller compared to B=0. We have next
investigated the effects of strong ${\bf B}$ on binding energies (B.E.) and
thermal widths ($\Gamma$) of ground states of $c \bar c$ and $b \bar b$ in a
time-independent perturbation theory, where binding energies gets increased and
widths gets decreased, compared to $B =0$. Finally we have studied the
quasi-free dissociation of bound states in a strong B. The dissociation
temperatures estimated for $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ states are obtained as $1.59
\rm{T_c} $ and $2.22 \rm{T_c}$, respectively, which are higher than the
estimate in B=0 , thus preventing early dissolution of $Q \bar Q$ bound states.


  We study the gauge-fixing and symmetries (BRST-invariance and vector
supersymmetry) of various six-dimensional topological models involving Abelian
or non-Abelian 2-form potentials.


  Let $R$ be a ring with $char(R)\neq2$ whose unit group are denoted by
$\mathcal{U}(R)$, $G$ a group with involution $*$, and
$\sigma:G\rightarrow\mathcal{U}(R)$ a nontrivial group homomorphism, with $ker\
\sigma=N$, satisfying $xx^*\in N$ for all $x\in G$. Let $RG$ be the group ring
of $G$ over $R$ and define the involution $\sigma*$ in $RG$ by $\left(
\sum_{x\in G}\alpha_xx\right)^{\sigma*}=\sum_{x\in G}\sigma(x)\alpha_xx^*$. In
this paper, we will classify the group rings $RG$ such that $\mathcal{S}$ is
anticommutative, where $\mathcal{S}$ is the largest subset of $(RG)^+=\left\{
\alpha\in RG: \alpha^{\sigma *}=\alpha\right\}$ that can satisfy
anticommutativity under $char(R)\neq2$.


  The rotation state of small asteroids is affected in the long term by
perturbing torques of gravitational and radiative origin (the YORP effect).
Direct observational evidence of the YORP effect is the primary goal of our
work. We carried out photometric observations of five near-Earth asteroids:
(1862) Apollo, (2100) Ra-Shalom, (85989) 1999 JD6, (138852) 2000 WN10, and
(161989) Cacus. Then we applied the light-curve inversion method to all
available data to determine the spin state and a convex shape model for each of
the five studied asteroids. In the case of (2100) Ra-Shalom, the analysis
required that the spin-axis precession due to the solar gravitational torque
also be included. We obtained two new detections of the YORP effect: (i) $(2.9
\pm 2.0)\times 10^{-9}\,\mathrm{rad\,d}^{-2}$ for (2100) Ra-Shalom, and (ii)
$(5.5\pm 0.7)\times 10^{-8}\,\mathrm{rad\,d}^{-2}$ for (138852) 2000 WN10. The
analysis of Ra-Shalom also reveals a precession of the spin axis with a
precession constant $\sim 3000''\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. This is the first such
detection from Earth-bound photometric data. For the other two asteroids, we
improved the accuracy of the previously reported YORP detection: (i) $(4.94 \pm
0.09)\times 10^{-8}\,\mathrm{rad\,d}^{-2}$ for (1862) Apollo, and (ii)
$(1.86\pm 0.09)\times 10^{-8}\,\mathrm{rad\,d}^{-2}$ for (161989) Cacus.
Despite the recent report of a detected YORP effect for (85989) 1999 JD6, we
show that the model without YORP cannot be rejected statistically. Therefore,
the detection of the YORP effect for this asteroid requires future
observations. The spin-axis precession constant of Ra-Shalom determined from
observations matches the theoretically expected value. The total number of
asteroids with a YORP detection has increased to 12. In all cases, the rotation
frequency increases in time.


  The good mesh quality of an evolving discretized surface or domain is often
compromised during time evolution. In recent years this phenomena have been
overcome in a couple of ways, one of them uses arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian
maps. However, the numerical computation of such maps, without a priori
knowledge, still remained elusive. An algorithm is proposed here to numerically
compute an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian map, which helps to preserve the mesh
properties over time. The algorithm is based on finding an equilibrium state of
a mechanical system of springs, which is determined by the connectivity of the
nodes in the mesh. We present various numerical experiments illustrating the
good properties of the algorithm.


  We are considering typed hierarchies of total, continuous functionals using
complete, separable metric spaces at the base types. We pay special attention
to the so called Urysohn space constructed by P. Urysohn. One of the properties
of the Urysohn space is that every other separable metric space can be
isometrically embedded into it. We discuss why the Urysohn space may be
considered as the universal model of possibly infinitary outputs of algorithms.
The main result is that all our typed hierarchies may be topologically
embedded, type by type, into the corresponding hierarchy over the Urysohn
space. As a preparation for this, we prove an effective density theorem that is
also of independent interest.


  To date, magnetic proximity effect (MPE) has only been conclusively observed
in ferromagnet (FM) based systems. We report the observation of anomalous Hall
effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance in angular dependent magnetoresistance
(ADMR) measurements in Pt on antiferromagnetic (AF) $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$(0001)
epitaxial films at 10 K, which provide evidence for the MPE. The N\'eel order
of $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ and the induced magnetization in Pt show a unique ADMR
compared with all other FM and AF systems. A macrospin response model is
established and can explain the AF spin configuration and all main ADMR
features in the Pt/$\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ bilayers.


  The precise prediction of multi-scale traffic is a ubiquitous challenge in
the urbanization process for car owners, road administrators, and governments.
In the case of complex road networks, current and past traffic information from
both upstream and downstream roads are crucial since various road networks have
different semantic information about traffic. Rationalizing the utilization of
semantic information can realize short-term, long-term, and unseen road traffic
prediction. As the demands of multi-scale traffic analysis increase, on-demand
interactions and visualizations are expected to be available for transportation
participants. We have designed a multi-scale traffic generation system, namely
TrafficGPT, using three AI agents to process multi-scale traffic data, conduct
multi-scale traffic analysis, and present multi-scale visualization results.
TrafficGPT consists of three essential AI agents: 1) a text-to-demand agent
that is employed with Question & Answer AI to interact with users and extract
prediction tasks through texts; 2) a traffic prediction agent that leverages
multi-scale traffic data to generate temporal features and similarity, and fuse
them with limited spatial features and similarity, to achieve accurate
prediction of three tasks; and 3) a suggestion and visualization agent that
uses the prediction results to generate suggestions and visualizations,
providing users with a comprehensive understanding of traffic conditions. Our
TrafficGPT system focuses on addressing concerns about traffic prediction from
transportation participants, and conducted extensive experiments on five
real-world road datasets to demonstrate its superior predictive and interactive
performance


  Though it has been recognized that recommending serendipitous (i.e.,
surprising and relevant) items can be helpful for increasing users'
satisfaction and behavioral intention, how to measure serendipity in the
offline environment is still an open issue. In recent years, a number of
metrics have been proposed, but most of them were based on researchers'
assumptions due to the serendipity's subjective nature. In order to validate
these metrics' actual performance, we collected over 10,000 users' real
feedback data and compared with the metrics' results. It turns out the user
profile based metrics, especially content-based ones, perform better than those
based on item popularity, in terms of estimating the unexpectedness facet of
recommendations. Moreover, the full metrics, which involve the unexpectedness
component, relevance, timeliness, and user curiosity, can more accurately
indicate the recommendation's serendipity degree, relative to those that just
involve some of them. The application of these metrics to several recommender
algorithms further consolidates their practical usage, because the comparison
results are consistent with those from user evaluation. Thus, this work is
constructive for filling the gap between offline measurement and user study on
recommendation serendipity.


  Accurate RNA secondary structure prediction is vital for understanding
cellular regulation and disease mechanisms. Deep learning (DL) methods have
surpassed traditional algorithms by predicting complex features like
pseudoknots and multi-interacting base pairs. However, traditional distance
measures can hardly deal with such tertiary interactions and the currently used
evaluation measures (F1 score, MCC) have limitations. We propose the
Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernel (WL) as an alternative metric. Embracing
graph-based metrics like WL enables fair and accurate evaluation of RNA
structure prediction algorithms. Further, WL provides informative guidance, as
demonstrated in an RNA design experiment.


  In this note we describe a method for finding prime numbers as fixed points
of particularly simple sequences. Some basic calculations show that success
rates for identifying primes this way are over 99.9%. In particular, it seems
that the set of odd primes can be obtained as fixed points of the sequence
which we call A(1), the sequence of smallest divisors of triangular numbers,
where the divisors are positive numbers that have not yet appeared in the
sequence.


  We prove that for any positive integer c there are at least N(c), $1\leq N(c)
< \phi(c)/2$ representations of c as a sum of two positive integers a, b, with
no common divisor, such that the N(c) radicals R(abc) are all greater than kc,
where k an absolute constant.


  Recently it has been found that models of massive stars reach the Eddington
limit in their interior, which leads to dilute extended envelopes. We perform a
comparative study of the envelope properties of massive stars at different
metallicities, with the aim to establish the impact of the stellar metallicity
on the effect of envelope inflation. We analyse published grids of
core-hydrogen burning massive star models computed with metallicities
appropriate for massive stars in the Milky Way, the LMC and the SMC, the very
metal poor dwarf galaxy I Zwicky 18, and for metal-free chemical composition.
Stellar models of all the investigated metallicities reach and exceed the
Eddington limit in their interior, aided by the opacity peaks of iron, helium
and hydrogen, and consequently develop inflated envelopes. Envelope inflation
leads to a redward bending of the zero-age main sequence and a broadening of
the main sequence band in the upper part of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We
derive the limiting L/M-values as function of the stellar surface temperature
above which inflation occurs, and find them to be larger for lower metallicity.
While Galactic models show inflation above ~29 Msun, the corresponding mass
limit for Population III stars is ~150 Msun. While the masses of the inflated
envelopes are generally small, we find that they can reach 1-100 Msun in models
with effective temperatures below ~8000 K, with higher masses reached by models
of lower metallicity. Envelope inflation is expected to occur in sufficiently
massive stars at all metallicities, and is expected to lead to rapidly growing
pulsations, high macroturbulent velocities, and might well be related to the
unexplained variability observed in Luminous Blue Variables like S Doradus and
Eta Carina.


  The group is interesting as the first example of split rank 2 semisimple
group, all the irreducible unitary representations of which are known. We make
a precise realization of the discrete series representations (in Section 2) by
using the Orbit Method and Geometric Quantization, a computation of their
traces (Section 3) and an exact formula for the noncommutative Poisson
summation and endoscopy of for this group (in Section 4).


  In this paper, we study a queueing model that incorporates patient reentrance
to reflect patients' recurring requests for nurse care and their rest periods
between these requests. Within this framework, we address two levels of
decision-making: the priority discipline decision for each nurse and the
nurse-patient assignment problem. We introduce the shortest-first and
longest-first rules in the priority discipline decision problem and show the
condition under which each policy excels through theoretical analysis and
comprehensive simulations. For the nurse-patient assignment problem, we propose
two heuristic policies. We show that the policy maximizing the immediate
decrease in holding costs outperforms the alternative policy, which considers
the long-term aggregate holding cost. Additionally, both proposed policies
significantly surpass the benchmark policy, which does not utilize queue length
information.


  This study investigates the catalytic degradation of ground-level ozone on
low-index stoichiometric and reduced CeO$_2$ surfaces using first-principles
calculations. The presence of oxygen vacancies on the surface enhances the
interaction between ozone and catalyst by serving as active sites for
adsorption and decomposition. Our results suggest that the {111} surface has
superior ozone decomposition performance due to unstable oxygen species
resulting from reaction with catalysts. However, when water is present, it
competes with ozone molecules for these active sites, resulting in reduced
catalytic activity or water poisoning. A possible solution could be heat
treatment that reduces the vacancy concentration, thereby increasing the
available adsorption sites for ozone molecules while minimizing competitive
adsorption by water molecules. These results suggest that controlling moisture
content during operation is crucial for the efficient use of CeO$_2$-based
catalysts in industrial applications to reduce ground-level ozone pollution.


  Dirac's original solution of the nontrivial Bianchi identity for magnetic
monopoles [Dirac 1948], which redefines the fieldstrength along the Dirac
string, diagonalizes the gauge and monopole degrees of freedom. We provide a
variant of the Dirac string, which we motivate through a formal expansion of
the Bianchi identity. We show how to use our variant prescription to study
monopole electrodynamics without reference to a dual potential and provide some
applications.


  We give a proper fractional extension of the classical calculus of variations
by considering variational functionals with a Lagrangian depending on a
combined Caputo fractional derivative and the classical derivative.
Euler-Lagrange equations to the basic and isoperimetric problems are proved, as
well as transversality conditions.


  Context. The majority of bright extragalactic gamma-ray sources are blazars.
Only a few radio galaxies have been detected by Fermi/LAT. Recently, the
GHz-peaked spectrum source PKS 1718-649 was confirmed to be gamma-ray bright,
providing further evidence for the existence of a population of gamma-ray loud,
compact radio galaxies. A spectral turnover in the radio spectrum in the MHz to
GHz range is a characteristic feature of these objects, which are thought to be
young due to their small linear sizes. The multiwavelength properties of the
gamma-ray source PMN J1603-4904 suggest that it is a member of this source
class. Aims. The known radio spectrum of PMN J1603-4904 can be described by a
power law above 1 GHz. Using observations from the Giant Metrewave Radio
Telescope (GMRT) at 150, 325, and 610 MHz, we investigate the behaviour of the
spectrum at lower frequencies to search for a low-frequency turnover. Methods.
Data from the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS ADR) catalogue and archival GMRT
observations were used to construct the first MHz to GHz spectrum of PMN
J1603-4904. Results. We detect a low-frequency turnover of the spectrum and
measure the peak position at about 490 MHz (rest-frame), which, using the known
relation of peak frequency and linear size, translates into a maximum linear
source size of ~1.4 kpc. Conclusions. The detection of the MHz peak indicates
that PMN J1603-4904 is part of this population of radio galaxies with turnover
frequencies in the MHz to GHz regime. Therefore it can be considered the
second, confirmed object of this kind detected in gamma-rays. Establishing this
gamma-ray source class will help to investigate the gamma-ray production sites
and to test broadband emission models.


  The long-tail phenomenon tells us that there are many items in the tail.
However, not all tail items are the same. Each item acquires different kinds of
users. Some items are loved by the general public, while some items are
consumed by eccentric fans. In this paper, we propose a novel metric, item
eccentricity, to incorporate this difference between consumers of the items.
Eccentric items are defined as items that are consumed by eccentric users. We
used this metric to analyze two real-world datasets of music and movies and
observed the characteristics of items in terms of eccentricity. The results
showed that our defined eccentricity of an item does not change much over time,
and classified eccentric and noneccentric items present significantly distinct
characteristics. The proposed metric effectively separates the eccentric and
noneccentric items mixed in the tail, which could not be done with the previous
measures, which only consider the popularity of items.


  The bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of
the generalized Woods-Saxon potential reported in [Phys. Rev. C 72, 027001
(2005)] is extended to the fractional forms using the generalized fractional
derivative and the fractional Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) technique. Analytical
solutions of bound states of the Schrodinger equation for the present potential
are obtained in the terms of fractional Jacobi polynomials. It is demonstrated
that the classical results are a special case of the present results at
Elfa=Beta=1 Therefore, the present results play important role in molecular
chemistry and nuclear physics.


  We introduce RoMQA, the first benchmark for robust, multi-evidence,
multi-answer question answering (QA). RoMQA contains clusters of questions that
are derived from related constraints mined from the Wikidata knowledge graph.
RoMQA evaluates robustness of QA models to varying constraints by measuring
worst-case performance within each question cluster. Compared to prior QA
datasets, RoMQA has more human-written questions that require reasoning over
more evidence text and have, on average, many more correct answers. In
addition, human annotators rate RoMQA questions as more natural or likely to be
asked by people. We evaluate state-of-the-art large language models in
zero-shot, few-shot, and fine-tuning settings, and find that RoMQA is
challenging: zero-shot and few-shot models perform similarly to naive
baselines, while supervised retrieval methods perform well below gold evidence
upper bounds. Moreover, existing models are not robust to variations in
question constraints, but can be made more robust by tuning on clusters of
related questions. Our results show that RoMQA is a challenging benchmark for
large language models, and provides a quantifiable test to build more robust QA
methods.


  The scattering of two off-shell photons is an infrared-safe process in QCD.
For photon virtualities in the range of a few GeV, accessible at LEPII,
power-behaved contributions to the total cross section may become
non-negligible. Based on a dispersion relation for the running coupling, we
discuss these contributions and calculate the coefficients of the leading power
correction for transversely polarized and longitudinally polarized virtual
photons.


  We carry out overdamped simulations in a simple model of jamming - a
collection of bi-disperse soft core frictionless disks in two dimensions - with
the aim to explore the finite size dependence of different quantities, both the
relaxation time obtained from the relaxation of the energy and the
pressure-equivalent of the shear viscosity. The motivation for the paper is the
observation [Nishikawa et al., J. Stat. Phys, 182, 37 (2021)] that there are
finite size effects in the relaxation time, $\tau$, that give problems in the
determination of the critical divergence, and the claim that this is due to a
finite size dependence, $\tau\sim\ln N$, which makes $\tau$ an ill-defined
quantity. Beside analyses to determine the relaxation time for the whole system
we determine particle relaxation times which allow us to determine both
histograms of particle relaxation times and the average particle relaxation
times - two quantities that are very useful for the analyses. The starting
configurations for the relaxation simulations are of two different kinds:
completely random or taken from steady shearing simulations, and we find that
the difference between these two cases are bigger than previously noted and
that the observed problems in the determination of the critical divergence
obtained when starting from random configurations are not present when instead
starting the relaxations from shearing configurations. We also argue that the
the effect that causes the $\ln N$-dependence is not as problematic as
asserted. When it comes to the finite size dependence of the
pressure-equivalent of the shear viscosity we find that our data don't give
support for the claimed strong finite size dependence, but also that it is at
odds with what one would normally expect for a system with a diverging
correlation length, and that this calls for a novel understanding of the
phenomenon of shear-driven jamming.


  Mixed modes have been extensively observed in post-main-sequence stars by the
Kepler and CoRoT space missions. The mixture of the p and g modes can be
measured by the dimensionless coefficient $q$, the so-called coupling strength
factor. In this paper we discuss the utility of the phase shifts $\theta$ from
the eigenvalue condition for mixed modes as a tool to characterize dipolar
mixed modes from the theoretical as well as the practical point of view. Unlike
the coupling strength, whose variation in a given star is very small over the
relevant frequency range, the phase shifts vary significantly for different
modes. The analysis in terms of $\theta$ can also provide a better
understanding of the pressure and gravity radial order for a given mixed mode.
Observed frequencies of the Kepler red-giant star KIC 3744043 are used to test
the method. The results are very promising.


  HESS J1858+020 is a TeV gamma-ray source that was reported not to have any
clear cataloged counterpart at any wavelength. However, it has been recently
proposed that this source is indirectly associated with the radio source,
re-identified as a supernova remnant (SNR), G35.6-0.4. The latter is found to
be middle-aged ($\sim 30$ kyr) and to have nearby molecular clouds (MCs). HESS
J1858+020 was proposed to be the result of the interaction of protons
accelerated in the SNR shell with target ions residing in the clouds. The Fermi
Large Area Telescope (LAT) First Source Catalog does not list any source
coincident with the position of HESS J1858+020, but some lie close. Here, we
analyse more than 2 years of data obtained with the Fermi-LAT for the region of
interest, and consider whether it is indeed possible that the closest LAT
source, 1FGL J1857.1+0212c, is related to HESS J1858+020. We conclude it is
not, and we impose upper limits on the GeV emission originating from HESS
J1858+020. Using a simplified 3D model for the cosmic-ray propagation out from
the shell of the SNR, we consider whether the interaction between SNR G35.6-0.4
and the MCs nearby could give rise to the TeV emission of HESS J1858+020
without producing a GeV counterpart. If so, the pair of SNR/TeV source with no
GeV detection would be reminiscent of other similarly-aged SNRs, such as some
of the TeV hotspots near W28, for which cosmic-ray diffusion may be used to
explain their multi-frequency phenomenology. However, for HESS J1858+020, we
found that although the phase space in principle allows for such GeV--TeV
non-correlation to appear, usual and/or observationally constrained values of
the parameters (e.g., diffusion coefficients and cloud-SNR likely distances)
would disfavor it.


  In this work we show how to use the Operational Space Control framework (OSC)
under joint and cartesian constraints for reinforcement learning in cartesian
space. Our method is therefore able to learn fast and with adjustable degrees
of freedom, while we are able to transfer policies without additional dynamics
randomizations on a KUKA LBR iiwa peg in-hole task. Before learning in
simulation starts, we perform a system identification for aligning the
simulation environment as far as possible with the dynamics of a real robot.
Adding constraints to the OSC controller allows us to learn in a safe way on
the real robot or to learn a flexible, goal conditioned policy that can be
easily transferred from simulation to the real robot.


  We show that any isomorphism between mapping class groups of orientable
infinite-type surfaces is induced by a homeomorphism between the surfaces. Our
argument additionally applies to automorphisms between finite-index subgroups
of these `big' mapping class groups and shows that each finite-index subgroup
has finite outer automorphism group. As a key ingredient, we prove that all
simplicial automorphisms between curve complexes of infinite-type orientable
surfaces are induced by homeomorphisms.


  Statistical mechanics is based on interplay between energy minimization and
entropy maximization. Here we formalize this interplay via axioms of
cooperative game theory (Nash bargaining) and apply it out of equilibrium.
These axioms capture basic notions related to joint maximization of entropy and
minus energy, formally represented by utilities of two different players. We
predict thermalization of a non-equilibrium statistical system employing the
axiom of affine covariance|related to the freedom of changing initial points
and dimensions for entropy and energy|together with the contraction invariance
of the entropy-energy diagram. Whenever the initial non-equilibrium state is
active, this mechanism allows thermalization to negative temperatures.
Demanding a symmetry between players fixes the final state to a specific
positive-temperature (equilibrium) state. The approach solves an important open
problem in the maximum entropy inference principle, {\it viz.} generalizes it
to the case when the constraint is not known precisely.


  This article deals with the quotient category of the category of coherent
sheaves on an irreducible smooth projective variety by the full subcategory of
sheaves supported in codimension greater than c. It turns out that this
category has homological dimension c. As an application of this, we will
describe the space of stability conditions on its derived category in the case
c=1. Moreover, we describe all exact equivalences between these quotient
categories in this particular case which is closely related to classification
problems in birational geometry.


  We use data from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to perform a
statistical study on the mid-infrared (IR) properties of a large number
($\sim10^2$) of BL Lac objects --- low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)
with a jet beamed toward the Earth. As expected, many BL Lac objects are so
highly beamed that their jet synchrotron emission dominates their IR spectral
energy distributions. In other BL Lac objects, however, the jet is not strong
enough to completely dilute the rest of the AGN emission. We do not see
observational signatures of the dusty torus from these weakly beamed BL Lac
objects. The lack of observable torus emission is consistent with suggestions
that BL Lac objects are fed by radiatively inefficient accretion disks.
Implications for the "nature vs. nurture" debate for FR I and FR II radio
galaxies are briefly discussed. Our study supports the notion that, beyond
orientation, accretion rate plays an important role in AGN unification.


  We prove that the pseudoisotopy stable range for manifolds of dimension 2n
can be no better than (2n-2). In order to do so, we define new characteristic
classes for block bundles, extending our earlier work with Ebert, and prove
their non-triviality. We also explain how similar methods show that
Top(2n)/O(2n) is rationally (4n-5)-connected.


  We present an Object-aware Feature Aggregation (OFA) module for video object
detection (VID). Our approach is motivated by the intriguing property that
video-level object-aware knowledge can be employed as a powerful semantic prior
to help object recognition. As a consequence, augmenting features with such
prior knowledge can effectively improve the classification and localization
performance. To make features get access to more content about the whole video,
we first capture the object-aware knowledge of proposals and incorporate such
knowledge with the well-established pair-wise contexts. With extensive
experimental results on the ImageNet VID dataset, our approach demonstrates the
effectiveness of object-aware knowledge with the superior performance of 83.93%
and 86.09% mAP with ResNet-101 and ResNeXt-101, respectively. When further
equipped with Sequence DIoU NMS, we obtain the best-reported mAP of 85.07% and
86.88% upon the paper submitted. The code to reproduce our results will be
released after acceptance.


  Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) deliver state-of-the-art performance in many
image recognition and understanding applications. However, despite their
outstanding performance, these models are black-boxes and it is hard to
understand how they make their decisions. Over the past few years, researchers
have studied the problem of providing explanations of why DNNs predicted their
results. However, existing techniques are either obtrusive, requiring changes
in model training, or suffer from low output quality. In this paper, we present
a novel method, NeuroMask, for generating an interpretable explanation of
classification model results. When applied to image classification models,
NeuroMask identifies the image parts that are most important to classifier
results by applying a mask that hides/reveals different parts of the image,
before feeding it back into the model. The mask values are tuned by minimizing
a properly designed cost function that preserves the classification result and
encourages producing an interpretable mask. Experiments using state-of-the-art
Convolutional Neural Networks for image recognition on different datasets
(CIFAR-10 and ImageNet) show that NeuroMask successfully localizes the parts of
the input image which are most relevant to the DNN decision. By showing a
visual quality comparison between NeuroMask explanations and those of other
methods, we find NeuroMask to be both accurate and interpretable.


  Estimating unknown rotations from noisy measurements is an important step in
SfM and other 3D vision tasks. Typically, local optimization methods
susceptible to returning suboptimal local minima are used to solve the rotation
averaging problem. A new wave of approaches that leverage convex relaxations
have provided the first formal guarantees of global optimality for state
estimation techniques involving SO(3). However, most of these guarantees are
only applicable when the measurement error introduced by noise is within a
certain bound that depends on the problem instance's structure. In this paper,
we cast rotation averaging as a polynomial optimization problem over unit
quaternions to produce the first rotation averaging method that is formally
guaranteed to provide a certifiably globally optimal solution for \textit{any}
problem instance. This is achieved by formulating and solving a sparse convex
sum of squares (SOS) relaxation of the problem. We provide an open source
implementation of our algorithm and experiments, demonstrating the benefits of
our globally optimal approach.