  Information on the equation of state (EOS) of neutron matter may be gained
from studies of 208Pb. Descriptions of 208Pb require credible models of
structure, taking particular note also of the spectrum. Such may be tested by
analyses of scattering data. Herein, we report on such analyses using an RPA
model for 208Pb in a folding model of the scattering. No a posteriori
adjustment of parameters are needed to obtain excellent agreement with data.
  From those analyses, the skin thickness of 208Pb is constrained to lie in the
range 0.13-0.17 fm.


  We determine the excitation spectrum of a bosonic dipolar quantum gas in a
one-dimensional geometry, from the dynamical density-density correlation
functions simulated by means of Reptation Quantum Monte Carlo techniques. The
excitation energy is always vanishing at the first vector of the reciprocal
lattice in the whole crossover from the liquid-like at low density to the
quasi-ordered state at high density, demonstrating the absence of a roton
minimum. Gaps at higher reciprocal lattice vectors are seen to progressively
close with increasing density, while the quantum state evolves into a
quasi-periodic structure. The simulational data together with the
uncertainty-principle inequality also provide a rigorous proof of the absence
of long-range order in such a super-strongly correlated system. Our conclusions
confirm that the dipolar gas is in a Luttinger-liquid state, significantly
affected by the dynamical correlations. The connection with ongoing experiments
is also discussed.


  Parton distributions are an essential ingredient of the LHC program. PDFs are
relevant for precision Standard Model measurements, for Higgs boson
characterization as well as for New Physics searches. In this contribution I
review recent progress in the determination of the parton distributions of the
proton during the last year. Important developments include the impact of new
LHC measurements to pin down poorly known PDFs, studies of theoretical
uncertainties, higher order calculations for processes relevant for PDF
determinations, PDF benchmarking exercises with LHC data, as well as
methodological and statistical improvements in the global analysis framework. I
conclude with some speculative considerations about future directions in PDF
determinations from the theory point of view.


  We present the bilateral solver, a novel algorithm for edge-aware smoothing
that combines the flexibility and speed of simple filtering approaches with the
accuracy of domain-specific optimization algorithms. Our technique is capable
of matching or improving upon state-of-the-art results on several different
computer vision tasks (stereo, depth superresolution, colorization, and
semantic segmentation) while being 10-1000 times faster than competing
approaches. The bilateral solver is fast, robust, straightforward to generalize
to new domains, and simple to integrate into deep learning pipelines.


  Dynamical System has been widely used for encoding trajectories from human
demonstration, which has the inherent adaptability to dynamically changing
environments and robustness to perturbations. In this paper we propose a
framework to learn a dynamical system that couples position and orientation
based on a diffeomorphism. Different from other methods, it can realise the
synchronization between positon and orientation during the whole trajectory.
Online grasping experiments are carried out to prove its effectiveness and
online adaptability.


  This paper was first written in 1990, but was never published. In it, the
author presents a novel approach to the study of constant curvature spacetimes
in 2+1 dimensions. A parameterization of flat 2+1-dimensional domains of
dependence is given in terms of measured geodesic laminations. There is also an
interesting reinterpretation of Thurston's Earthquake Theorem involving anti-de
Sitter spacetimes.
  With the permission of the author, it will be published for the first time in
a forthcoming issue of Geometriae Dedicata, together with detailed "notes"
outlining the developments in the field in the intervening years. The version
posted here is nearly identical to the original; we merely corrected
typographical errors and occasional notational mistakes, and also updated the
references in the bibliography.


  We present global VLBI observations of the 21-cm transition of atomic
hydrogen seen in absorption against the radio source J0855+5751. The foreground
absorber (SDSS~J085519.05+575140.7) is a dwarf galaxy at $z$ = 0.026. As the
background source is heavily resolved by VLBI, the data allow us to map the
properties of the foreground HI gas with a spatial resolution of 2pc. The
absorbing gas corresponds to a single coherent structure with an extent
$>$35pc, but we also detect significant and coherent variations, including a
change in the HI optical depth by a factor of five across a distance of
$\leq$6pc. The large size of the structure provides support for the Heiles &
Troland model of the ISM, as well as its applicability to external galaxies.
The large variations in HI optical depth also suggest that caution should be
applied when interpreting $T_S$ measurements from radio-detected DLAs. In
addition, the distorted appearance of the background radio source is indicative
of a strong jet-cloud interaction in its host galaxy. We have measured its
redshift ($z$ = 0.54186) using optical spectroscopy on the William Herschel
Telescope and this confirms that J0855+5751 is a FRII radio source with a
physical extent of $<$1kpc and supports the previous identification of this
source as a Compact Symmetric Object. These sources often show absorption
associated with the host galaxy and we suggest that both HI and OH should be
searched for in J0855+5751.


  We present the results of a Suzaku study of a bright point-like source in the
6.7 keV intensity map of the Galactic center region. We detected an intense
FeXXV 6.7 keV line with an equivalent width of ~1 keV as well as emission lines
of highly ionized Ar and Ca from a spectrum obtained by the X-ray Imaging
Spectrometer. The overall spectrum is described very well by a heavily absorbed
(~2x10^{23}cm^{-2}) thin thermal plasma model with a temperature of 3.8+/-0.6
keV and a luminosity of ~3x10^{34} erg s^{-1} (2.0--8.0 keV) at 8 kpc. The
absorption, temperature, luminosity, and the 6.7 keV line intensity were
confirmed with the archived XMM-Newton data. The source has a very red
(J-Ks=8.2 mag) infrared spectral energy distribution (SED), which was fitted by
a blackbody emission of ~1000 K attenuated by a visual extinction of ~31 mag.
The high plasma temperature and the large X-ray luminosity are consistent with
a wind-wind colliding Wolf-Rayet binary. The similarity of the SED to those of
the eponymous Quintuplet cluster members suggests that the source is a WC-type
source.


  In a variety of different settings cumulative sum (CUSUM) procedures have
been applied for the sequential detection of structural breaks in the
parameters of stochastic models. Yet their performance depends strongly on the
time of change and is best under early-change scenarios. For later changes
their finite sample behavior is rather questionable. We therefore propose
modified CUSUM procedures for the detection of abrupt changes in the regression
parameter of multiple time series regression models, that show a higher
stability with respect to the time of change than ordinary CUSUM procedures.
The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics and the consistency of the
procedures are provided. In a simulation study it is shown that the proposed
procedures behave well in finite samples. Finally the procedures are applied to
a set of capital asset pricing data related to the Fama-French extension of the
capital asset pricing model.


  The famous Miller-Urey experiment, which provides essential information on
the prebiotic synthesis of the molecules of life, still has many obscure
points. In this paper, we want to suggest a way of possible future progress,
which consists in framing the experience of Miller and Urey in the context of
the kinetics of ionized gas, or plasma. In this framework, extremely effective
and versatile theoretical tools, based on quantum mechanics and chemical
kinetics, make it possible to look, in a new way, at the elementary processes
that lead to the formation of excited species and ions, at the base of the
cascade of subsequent reactions.


  This paper presents how to make use of the advantage of round-off error
effect in some research areas. The float-point operation complies with the
reproduce theorem without the external random perturbation. The computation
uncertainty principle and the high nonlinear of chaotic system guarantee the
numerical error is random and departure from the analytical result. Combining
these two properties we can produce unilateral one-way function and provide a
case of utilizing this function to construct encryption algorithm. The
multiple-precision (MP) library is used to analyze nonlinear dynamics systems
and achieve the code. As an example, we provide a scheme of encrypting a
plaintext by employing the one-way function with Lorenz system. Since the
numerical solution used in this scheme is beyond the maximum effective
computation time (MECT) and it cannot satisfy the requirements of return-map
analysis and phase space reconstruction, it can block some existing attacks.


  Smart home energy management systems help the distribution grid operate more
efficiently and reliably, and enable effective penetration of distributed
renewable energy sources. These systems rely on robust forecasting,
optimization, and control/scheduling algorithms that can handle the uncertain
nature of demand and renewable generation. This paper proposes an advanced ML
algorithm, called Recurrent Trend Predictive Neural Network based Forecast
Embedded Scheduling (rTPNN-FES), to provide efficient residential demand
control. rTPNN-FES is a novel neural network architecture that simultaneously
forecasts renewable energy generation and schedules household appliances. By
its embedded structure, rTPNN-FES eliminates the utilization of separate
algorithms for forecasting and scheduling and generates a schedule that is
robust against forecasting errors. This paper also evaluates the performance of
the proposed algorithm for an IoT-enabled smart home. The evaluation results
reveal that rTPNN-FES provides near-optimal scheduling $37.5$ times faster than
the optimization while outperforming state-of-the-art forecasting techniques.


  We study the $k$-connectivity augmentation problem ($k$-CAP) in the
single-pass streaming model. Given a $(k-1)$-edge connected graph $G=(V,E)$
that is stored in memory, and a stream of weighted edges $L$ with weights in
$\{0,1,\dots,W\}$, the goal is to choose a minimum weight subset $L'\subseteq
L$ such that $G'=(V,E\cup L')$ is $k$-edge connected. We give a
$(2+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm for this problem which requires to store
$O(\epsilon^{-1} n\log n)$ words. Moreover, we show our result is tight: Any
algorithm with better than $2$-approximation for the problem requires
$\Omega(n^2)$ bits of space even when $k=2$. This establishes a gap between the
optimal approximation factor one can obtain in the streaming vs the offline
setting for $k$-CAP.
  We further consider a natural generalization to the fully streaming model
where both $E$ and $L$ arrive in the stream in an arbitrary order. We show that
this problem has a space lower bound that matches the best possible size of a
spanner of the same approximation ratio. Following this, we give improved
results for spanners on weighted graphs: We show a streaming algorithm that
finds a $(2t-1+\epsilon)$-approximate weighted spanner of size at most
$O(\epsilon^{-1} n^{1+1/t}\log n)$ for integer $t$, whereas the best prior
streaming algorithm for spanner on weighted graphs had size depending on $\log
W$. Using our spanner result, we provide an optimal $O(t)$-approximation for
$k$-CAP in the fully streaming model with $O(nk + n^{1+1/t})$ words of space.
  Finally we apply our results to network design problems such as Steiner tree
augmentation problem (STAP), $k$-edge connected spanning subgraph ($k$-ECSS),
and the general Survivable Network Design problem (SNDP). In particular, we
show a single-pass $O(t\log k)$-approximation for SNDP using $O(kn^{1+1/t})$
words of space, where $k$ is the maximum connectivity requirement.


  Within the metric formalism of $f(R,T,L_m)$ gravity theories, we investigate
the hydrostatic equilibrium structure of compact stars taking into account both
isotropic and anisotropic pressure. For this purpose, we focus on the
$f(R,T,L_m)= R+ \alpha TL_m$ model, where $\alpha$ is a free parameter. We
derive the modified TOV equations and the relativistic moment of inertia in the
slowly rotating approximation. Using an equation of state (EoS) for
color-superconducting quark stars, we examine the effects of the $\alpha TL_m$
term on the different macroscopic properties of these stars. Our results reveal
that the decrease of the parameter $\alpha$ leads to a noticeable increase in
the maximum-mass values. For negative $\alpha$ with sufficiently small
$\vert\alpha\vert$, we obtain a qualitative behavior similar to the general
relativistic (GR) context, namely, it is possible to obtain a critical stellar
configuration such that the mass reaches its maximum. However, for sufficiently
large values of $\vert\alpha\vert$ keeping negative $\alpha$, the critical
point cannot be found on the mass-radius diagram. We also find that the
inclusion of anisotropic pressure can provide masses and radii quite consistent
with the current observational measurements, which opens an outstanding window
onto the physics of anisotropic quark stars. By comparing the $I-C$ relations
of isotropic quark stars in modified gravity, we show that such a correlation
remains almost unchanged as the parameter $\alpha$ varies from GR counterpart.
On the other hand, given a fixed $\alpha$, the $I-C$ relation is insensitive to
variations of the anisotropy parameter $\beta$ to $\mathcal{O}(4\%)$.


  We calculate amplitudes for 2D vacuum transitions by means of the Euclidean
methods of Coleman-De Luccia (CDL) and Brown-Teitelboim (BT), as well as the
Hamiltonian formalism of Fischler, Morgan and Polchinski (FMP). The resulting
similarities and differences in between the three approaches are compared with
their respective 4D realisations. For CDL, the total bounce can be expressed as
the product of relative entropies, whereas, for the case of BT and FMP, the
transition rate can be written as the difference of two generalised entropies,
ultimately enabling to circumvent the need to resort to detailed balance. By
means of holographic arguments, we show that the Euclidean methods, as well as
the Lorentzian cases without non-extremal black holes, provide examples of an
AdS$_2$/CFT$_1 \subset $ AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ correspondence. Such embedding is not
possible in the presence of islands for which the setup corresponds to
AdS$_2$/CFT$_1 \not\subset $ AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$. We find that whenever an island
is present, up-tunnelling is possible.


  We study the asymptotic stability of a planar rarefaction wave (in the $ x_1
$- direction) for the 3-d isentropic Navier-Stokes equations, where the initial
perturbation is periodic on the torus $ \mathbb{T}^3 $ with zero average. To
solve this Cauchy problem in which the initial data is periodic with respect to
only $ x_2 $ and $ x_3 $ but not to $ x_1, $ we construct a suitable ansatz
carrying the oscillations of the solution in the $ x_1 $- direction, but
remaining to be periodic in the transverse $ x_2 $- and $ x_3 $- directions. In
such a way, the difference between the ansatz and the solution can be
integrable on the region $ \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{T}^2, $ which allows us to
utilize the energy method with the aid of a Gagliardo-Nirenberg type inequality
on $ \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{T}^2 $ to prove the result.


  Double source lensing provides a dimensionless ratio of distance ratios, a
"remote viewing" of cosmology through distances relative to the gravitational
lens, beyond the observer. We use this to test the cosmological framework,
particularly with respect to spatial curvature and the distance duality
relation. We derive a consistency equation for constant spatial curvature,
allowing not only the investigation of flat vs curved but of the
Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker framework itself. For distance duality,
we demonstrate that the evolution of the lens mass profile slope must be
controlled to $\gtrsim5$ times tighter fractional precision than a claimed
distance duality violation. Using LENSPOP forecasts of double source lensing
systems in Euclid and LSST surveys we also explore constraints on dark energy
equation of state parameters and any evolution of the lens mass profile slope.


  The decomposition group of an irreducible plane curve $X\subset\mathbb P^2$
is the subgroup $\mathrm{Dec}(X)\subset\mathrm{Bir}(\mathbb P^2)$ of birational
maps which restrict to a birational map of $X$. We show that $\mathrm{Dec}(X)$
is generated by its elements of degree $\leq2$ when $X$ is either a conic or
rational cubic curve.


  Spin-tomographic symbols of qudit states and spin observables are studied.
Spin observables are associated with the functions on a manifold whose points
are labelled by spin projections and 2-sphere coordinates. The star-product
kernel for such functions is obtained in explicit form and connected with
Fourier transform of characters of SU(2) irreducible representation. The
kernels are shown to be in close relation to the Chebyshev polynomials. Using
specific properties of these polynomials, we establish the recurrence relation
between kernels for different spins. Employing the explicit form of the
star-product kernel, a sum rule for Clebsch-Gordan and Racah coefficients is
derived. Explicit formulas are obtained for the dual tomographic star-product
kernel as well as for intertwining kernels which relate spin-tomographic
symbols and dual tomographic symbols.


  Functional Renormalisation Group (FRG) equations are constructed for a simple
Yukawa-model with discrete chiral symmetry, including also the effect of a
nonzero composite fermion background beyond the conventional scalar condensate.
The evolution of the effective potential of the model, generically depending on
two invariants, is explored with help of power series expansions. Systematic
investigation of the effect of a class of irrelevant operators on the lower
(stability) bound allows a non-perturbative extension of the maximal cut-off
value consistent with any given mass of the scalar field.


  Two dimensional QCD is quantized on the light front coordinate. We solve the
Einstein-Schr\"odinger equation by the use of Tamm-Dancoff truncation and find
that the simplest wavefunction produces the $M/g$ versus $m/g$ relation in
agreement with other calculations, where $M$ and $m$ are the masses of the
ground state and quarks, respectively.


  We study the effects of negative spatial curvature on the statistics of
inhomogeneities in open cosmological models. In particular we examine the
suppression of large-separation correlations in density and gravitational
potential fluctuations and the resulting suppression of large-angle
correlations in the anisotropy of the microwave background radiation. We obtain
an expression which gives the {\it minimum} amount of suppression of
correlations for any statistical distribution described by a ``power
spectrum''. This minimum suppression requires that the correlations fall off
exponentially above the curvature scale. To the extent that the observed
correlations in the temperature anisotropy extend to large angular scales, one
can set a lower bound to the radius of curvature and hence on $\Omega_0$.


  Semantic communications, a promising approach for agent-human and agent-agent
interactions, typically operate at a feature level, lacking true semantic
understanding. This paper explores understanding-level semantic communications
(ULSC), transforming visual data into human-intelligible semantic content. We
employ an image caption neural network (ICNN) to derive semantic
representations from visual data, expressed as natural language descriptions.
These are further refined using a pre-trained large language model (LLM) for
importance quantification and semantic error correction. The subsequent
semantic importance-aware communications (SIAC) aim to minimize semantic loss
while respecting transmission delay constraints, exemplified through adaptive
modulation and coding strategies. At the receiving end, LLM-based semantic
error correction is utilized. If visual data recreation is desired, a
pre-trained generative artificial intelligence (AI) model can regenerate it
using the corrected descriptions. We assess semantic similarities between
transmitted and recovered content, demonstrating ULSC's superior ability to
convey semantic understanding compared to feature-level semantic communications
(FLSC). ULSC's conversion of visual data to natural language facilitates
various cognitive tasks, leveraging human knowledge bases. Additionally, this
method enhances privacy, as neither original data nor features are directly
transmitted.


  Analysis on very detailed measurements of resistivity ($ \rho $) and
thermoelectric power (S) of magnetic impurity (Co) substituted iron silicide
(FeSi) has been presented in this report. The impurity valence electrons of Co
dominate the whole physical properties at low temperatures below 35 K, below
the critical concentration x$_{c}$. The negative thermopower and the positive
slope in the resistivity at low temperatures are exotic and show that the
system is not entirely insulator below the critical concentration of MIT
(x$_{c}$). So, due to the external impurity electrons, the system's magnetic
ground state could change considerably compared to the parent compound FeSi.
This report may help unveil the exotic nature of the ground state in the
semi-metallic regime between x = 0 to x = 0.02. We have also explained the
electrical and thermal transport properties using the two-band model.


  In this work we apply the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics
to the quantized spherically symmetric black-hole coupled to a massless scalar
field. The wave-functional used was first obtained by Tomimatsu using the
standard ADM quantization and a gauge that places the observer close to the
black-hole horizon. Using the causal interpretation, we compute quantum
trajectories determined by the initial conditions. We show that the quantum
trajectories for the black-hole mass can either increase or decrease with time.
The quantum trajectories that show increasing mass represent the usual
black-hole behavior of continuous energy absorption. The mass-decreasing
quantum trajectories are a purely quantum mechanical phenomena. They can be
physically interpreted as describing a black-hole that evaporates.


  We construct the covariant nonlocal action for recently suggested
long-distance modifications of gravity theory motivated by the cosmological
constant and cosmological acceleration problems. This construction is based on
the special nonlocal form of the Einstein-Hilbert action explicitly revealing
the fact that this action within the covariant curvature expansion begins with
curvature-squared terms. Nonlocal form factors in the action of both quantum
and brane-induced nature are briefly discussed. In particular, it is emphasized
that for certain class of quantum initial value problems nonlocal nature of the
Euclidean action does not contradict the causality of effective equations of
motion.


  Long-term time variabilities of the OVII (0.57 keV) emission in the soft
X-ray diffuse background were studied using six Suzaku annual observations of
blank sky towards the Lockman Hole made from 2006 to 2011. After time intervals
in which the emission was enhanced on time scales of a few tens of ks were
removed, the O VII intensity was found to be constant from 2006 to 2009 within
the 90% statistical errors. The intensity in 2010 and 2011 was higher by 2-3 LU
(photons/s/cm/sr) than the earlier values. The most plausible origin of the
fast variable component is Solar wind charge exchange (SWCX). The intensity
increase is not positively correlated with the proton flux at the L1 point.
Since all the observations were made in the same season of a year, the
variation cannot be explained by parallax of the SWCX induced X-ray emission
from the Heliosphere. We consider that it is related to the geometrical change
of slow and fast solar wind structures associated with the 11 year solar
activity. The observed variation was compared with that expected from the SWCX
induced X-ray emission model.


  We are in the process of upgrading the VERITAS array of Cherenkov telescopes
with new, high efficiency photomultipliers (PMT) that will considerably lower
the energy threshold of the instrument and improve the overall sensitivity. The
upgrade will be finished in Summer 2012 when the PMTs will be installed in the
existing cameras. We discuss the performance of the new photon detectors and
the status of the project.


  We present a novel method for detecting communities in bipartite networks.
Based on an extension of the $k$-clique community detection algorithm, we
demonstrate how modular structure in bipartite networks presents itself as
overlapping bicliques. If bipartite information is available, the bi-clique
community detection algorithm retains all of the advantages of the $k$-clique
algorithm, but avoids discarding important structural information when
performing a one-mode projection of the network. Further, the bi-clique
community detection algorithm provides a new level of flexibility by
incorporating independent clique thresholds for each of the non-overlapping
node sets in the bipartite network.


  We introduce a notion of scalar curvature of a twisted generalized Kahler
manifold in terms of pure spinors formalism. A moment map framework with a
modified action of generalized Hamiltonians on an arbitrary compact generalized
Kahler manifold is developed. Then it turns out that a moment map is given by
the scalar curvature, which is a generalization of the result of the scalar
curvature as a moment map in the ordinary Kahler geometry, due to Fujiki and
Donaldson.
  A noncommutative compact Lie group $G$ does not have any Kahler structure.
However, we show that every compact Lie group admits generalized Kahler
structures with constant scalar curvature. In particular, generalized Kahler
structures with constant scalar curvature on the standard Hopf surface are
explicitly given.


  In a recent paper, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1074 (1998), Golubev and Zaikin (GZ)
found that ``zero-point fluctuations of electrons'' contribute to the dephasing
rate extracted from the magnetoresistance. As a result, the dephasing rate
remains finite at zero temperature. GZ claimed that their results ``agree well
with the experimental data''. We point out that the GZ results are incompatible
with (i) conventional perturbation theory of the effects of interaction on weak
localization (WL), and (ii) with the available experimental data. More detailed
criticism of GZ findings can be found in cond-mat/9808053.


  We report on the emission properties of PSR B1929+10 and its putative X-ray
trail from a multi-wavelength study performed with XMM-Newton, the ESO NTT, the
HST, the Effelsberg 100m Radio Telescope and the Jodrell Bank Radio
Observatory. The XMM-Newton observations confirm the existence of the diffuse
emission with a trail morphology lying in a direction opposite to the
transverse motion of the pulsar. The trail has a length of ~15 arcmin. Its
spectrum is non-thermal and produced by electron-synchrotron emission in the
shock between the pulsar wind and the surrounding medium. Assuming that the
electron lifetime against synchrotron cooling is comparable to the source
transit time over the X-ray trail length, the magnetic field strength in the
trail emitting region is inferred to be ~5 uG. Inspecting data from the
Effelsberg 11cm radio continuum survey of the Galactic plane we discovered an
elongated feature apparently coincident with the X-ray trail. The emission
properties observed from PSR 1929+10 are found to finally challenge the picture
of the emission properties of old non-recycled rotation powered pulsars. Both,
the temporal and spectral X-ray emission properties of PSR 1929+10 are in
excellent agreement with a non-thermal and, thus, magnetospheric radiation
dominated emission scenario. A flux contribution from the thermal emission of
heated polar caps of ~7% is inferred from a best fitting composite Planckian
and power law spectral model. The X-ray pulse profile is found to be markedly
different from the broad sinusoidal pulse profile seen in the low statistic
ROSAT data. Simulations in the framework of an outer-gap emission model are
able to reproduce the observed X-ray pulse profile and its phase relation
relative to the radio pulse.


  A classical problem in Distance Geometry, with multiple practical
applications (in molecular structure determination, sensor network localization
etc.) is to find the possible placements of the vertices of a graph with given
edge lengths. For minimally rigid graphs, the double-exponential Gr\"obner
Bases algorithm with an elimination order can be applied, in theory, but it is
impractical even for small instances. By relating the problem to the
computation of circuit polynomials in the Cayley-Menger ideal, we recently
proposed an algebraic-combinatorial approach and an elimination algorithm for
circuit polynomials [23]. It is guided by a tree structure whose leaves
correspond to complete $K_4$ graphs and whose nodes perform algebraic resultant
operations. In this paper we uncover further combinatorial structure in the
Cayley-Menger algebraic matroid that leads to an extension of our algorithm. In
particular, we generalize the combinatorial resultant operation of [23] to take
advantage of the non-circuit generators and irreducible polynomials in the
Cayley-Menger ideal and use them as leaves of the tree guiding the elimination.
Our new method has been implemented in Mathematica and allows previously
unobtainable calculations to be carried out. In particular, the
$K_{3,3}$-plus-one circuit polynomial, with over one million terms in 10
variables and whose calculation crashed after several days with the previous
method of [23], succeeded now in approx. 30 minutes.


  We report the detection of CO(3-2) emission from the submillimeter-selected
luminous galaxy SMM J14011+0252. The optical counterpart of the submillimeter
source has been identified as a merger system with spectral characteristics
consistent with a starburst at z=2.565. The CO emission confirms the optical
identification of the submillimeter source and implies a molecular gas mass of
5x10^{10}h_{75}^{-2} M(sun), after correcting for a lensing amplification
factor of 2.75. The large molecular gas mass and the radio emission are
consistent with the starburst interpretation of the source. These results are
similar to those found for SMM J02399-0136, which was the first submillimeter
selected CO source found at high redshift. The CO detections of these two
high-redshift submillimeter galaxies suggest the presence of massive reservoirs
of molecular gas which is consistent with the inferred high rates of
star-formation (1000 M(sun)/yr). These two systems appear to be associated with
merger events which may evolve into present day luminous elliptical galaxies.


  The brain criticality framework has largely considered brain dynamics to be
monofractal even though experimental evidence suggests that the brain exhibits
significant multifractality. To understand how multifractality may emerge in
critical-like systems, we use a computational model for critical neural
oscillations. We find that multifractality emerges near a synchronization phase
transition. These findings show multifractality in temporal dynamics peaks at
criticality in neural fields, providing a generative model for interpreting
multifractality in brain recordings.


  Multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) potential energy curves
(PECs) and spin-orbit couplings for the X $^2\Pi$, A $^2 \Sigma^+$, 1 $^2
\Sigma^-$, 1 $^4 \Sigma^-$, and 1 $^4 \Pi$ states of OH are computed and
refined against empirical energy levels and transitions to produce a
spectroscopic model. Predissociation lifetimes are determined by discretising
continuum states in the variational method nuclear motion calculation by
restricting the calculation to finite range of internuclear separations.
Varying this range give a series of avoided crossings between quasi-bound
states associated with the A $^2 \Sigma^+$ and continuum states, from which
predissociation lifetimes are extracted. 424 quasi-bound A $^2 \Sigma^+$ state
rovibronic energy levels are analysed and 374 predissociation lifetimes are
produced, offering good coverage of the predissociation region. Agreement with
measured lifetimes is satisfactory and a majority of computed results were
within experimental uncertainty. A previously unreported A $^2 \Sigma^+$ state
predissociation channel which goes via the X $^2\Pi$ is identified in the
calculations. A python package, binslt, is produced to calculate
predissociation lifetimes, associated line broadening parameters, and
uncertainties from Duo *.states files is made available. The PECs and other
curves from this work will be used to produce a rovibronic ExoMol linelist and
temperature-dependent photodissociation cross sections for the hydroxyl
radical.


  The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports results from an analysis of the
combined $\nu_e$ and $\bar \nu_e$ appearance data from $6.46 \times 10^{20}$
protons on target in neutrino mode and $11.27 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target
in antineutrino mode. A total excess of $240.3 \pm 34.5 \pm 52.6$ events ($3.8
\sigma$) is observed from combining the two data sets in the energy range
$200<E_\nu^{QE}<1250$ MeV. In a combined fit for CP-conserving $\nu_\mu
\rightarrow \nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}\rightarrow\bar{\nu}_e$ oscillations via
a two-neutrino model, the background-only fit has a $\chi^2$-probability of
0.03% relative to the best oscillation fit. The data are consistent with
neutrino oscillations in the $0.01 < \Delta m^2 < 1.0$ eV$^2$ range and with
the evidence for antineutrino oscillations from the Liquid Scintillator
Neutrino Detector (LSND).


  Explosive data traffic growth leads to a continuous surge in capacity demands
across mobile networks. In order to provision high network capacity, small cell
base stations (SCBSs) are widely deployed. Owing to the close proximity to
mobile users, SCBSs can effectively enhance the network capacity and offloading
traffic load from macro BSs (MBSs). However, the cost-effective backhaul may
not be readily available for SCBSs, thus leading to backhaul constraints in
small cell networks (SCNs). Enabling cache in BSs may mitigate the backhaul
constraints in SCNs. Moreover, the dense deployment of SCBSs may incur
excessive energy consumption. To alleviate brown power consumption, renewable
energy will be explored to power BSs. In such a network, it is challenging to
dynamically balance traffic load among BSs to optimize the network utilities.
In this paper, we investigate the traffic load balancing in
backhaul-constrained cache-enabled small cell networks powered by hybrid energy
sources. We have proposed a network utility aware (NUA) traffic load balancing
scheme that optimizes user association to strike a tradeoff between the green
power utilization and the traffic delivery latency. On balancing the traffic
load, the proposed NUA traffic load balancing scheme considers the green power
utilization, the traffic delivery latency in both BSs and their backhaul, and
the cache hit ratio. The NUA traffic load balancing scheme allows dynamically
adjusting the tradeoff between the green power utilization and the traffic
delivery latency. We have proved the convergence and the optimality of the
proposed NUA traffic load balancing scheme. Through extensive simulations, we
have compared performance of the NUA traffic load balancing scheme with other
schemes and showed its advantages in backhaul-constrained cache-enabled small
cell networks with hybrid power supplies.


  We give a generalisation of Deligne-Lusztig varieties for general and special
linear groups over finite quotients of the ring of integers in a
non-archimedean local field. Previously, a generalisation was given by Lusztig
by attaching certain varieties to unramified maximal tori inside Borel
subgroups. In this paper we associate a family of so-called extended
Deligne-Lusztig varieties to all tamely ramified maximal tori of the group.
  Moreover, we analyse the structure of various generalised Deligne-Lusztig
varieties, and show that the "unramified" varieties, including a certain
natural generalisation, do not produce all the irreducible representations in
general. On the other hand, we prove results which together with some
computations of Lusztig show that for
$\SL_{2}(\mathbb{F}_{q}[[\varpi]]/(\varpi^{2}))$, with odd $q$, the extended
Deligne-Lusztig varieties do indeed afford all the irreducible representations.


  Two rational primes p, q are called dual elliptic if there is an elliptic
curve E mod p with q points. They were introduced as an interesting means for
combining the strengths of the elliptic curve and cyclotomy primality proving
algorithms. By extending to elliptic curves some notions of galois theory of
rings used in the cyclotomy primality tests, one obtains a new algorithm which
has heuristic cubic run time and generates certificates that can be verified in
quadratic time.
  After the break through of Agrawal, Kayal and Saxena has settled the
complexity theoretical problem of primality testing, some interest remains for
the practical aspect of state of the art implementable proving algorithms.


  We derive an effective Hamiltonian for spin polarons forming in weakly doped
antiferromagnets and demonstrate that the system becomes superconducting at
finite doping. We argue that the driving mechanism which gives rise to
superconductivity is lowering of the kinetic energy by formation of mobile
antiferromagnetic spin bipolarons. That source of attraction between holes is
by definition effective if the antiferromagnetic correlation length is longer
than the radius of forming polarons. Notwithstanding that the attraction is
strongest in the undoped system with long range order, the superconducting
order parameter vanishes when the doping parameter decreases which should be
attributed to emptying the spin polaron band and approaching the Mott insulator
phase. Since the hypothetical normal phase of low density gas of fermions is
unstable against formation of bound hole pairs the intensity of low energy
excitations is suppressed and the pseudogap forms in the underdoped region.


  This paper aims to investigate the influence of inhomogeneous radiation in
void formation. Since the process of void formation is non-linear, a fully
relativistic model, which simulates the evolution of voids from the moment of
the last scattering until the present instant, is presented. It is found that
in order to obtain a model of a void which evolves from $\delta_0 = - 10^{-5}$
at the last scattering moment to the present day $\delta = - 0.94$, the
existence of radiation must be taken into account. The ratio of radiation
energy density to matter energy density in CDM models at the moment of last
scattering is 1/5. This paper proves that such a value of radiation energy
density cannot be neglected and influences the first stages of void evolution.
Namely, it is important to the process of structure formation and hence
significantly influences the dynamics of the Universe in the first millions of
years after the last scattering.
  From the fact that the evolution of voids proceeds differently in various
cosmological background models we use the process of void formation to put some
limits on values of cosmological parameters. We find that the model with
$\Omega_{mat} \approx 0.3$ fits the observational data best.


  Camera arrays (CamArrays) are widely used in commercial filming projects for
achieving special visual effects such as bullet time effect, but are very
expensive to set up. We propose CamSwarm, a low-cost and lightweight
alternative to professional CamArrays for consumer applications. It allows the
construction of a collaborative photography platform from multiple mobile
devices anywhere and anytime, enabling new capturing and editing experiences
that a single camera cannot provide. Our system allows easy team formation;
uses real-time visualization and feedback to guide camera positioning; provides
a mechanism for synchronized capturing; and finally allows the user to
efficiently browse and edit the captured imagery. Our user study suggests that
CamSwarm is easy to use; the provided real-time guidance is helpful; and the
full system achieves high quality results promising for non-professional use.
  A demo video is provided at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgkHcvcyTTM.


  We present a comprehensive abundance analysis of 20 elements for 16 new
low-metallicity stars from the Chemical Abundances of Stars in the Halo (CASH)
project. The abundances have been derived from both Hobby-Eberly Telescope High
Resolution Spectrograph snapshot spectra (R~15,000) and corresponding
high-resolution (R~35,000) Magellan MIKE spectra. The stars span a metallicity
range from [Fe/H] from -2.9 to -3.9, including four new stars with [Fe/H]<-3.7.
We find four stars to be carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars, confirming
the trend of increasing [C/Fe] abundance ratios with decreasing metallicity.
Two of these objects can be classified as CEMP-no stars, adding to the growing
number of these objects at [Fe/H]<-3. We also find four neutron-capture
enhanced stars in the sample, one of which has [Eu/Fe] of 0.8 with clear
r-process signatures. These pilot sample stars are the most metal-poor
([Fe/H]<-3.0) of the brightest stars included in CASH and are used to calibrate
a newly-developed, automated stellar parameter and abundance determination
pipeline. This code will be used for the entire ~500 star CASH snapshot sample.
We find that the pipeline results are statistically identical for snapshot
spectra when compared to a traditional, manual analysis from a high-resolution
spectrum.


  The salient feature of both classical and quantum gravity is its universal
and attractive character. However, less is known about the behaviour and
build-up of quantum correlations when quantum systems interact via graviton
exchange. In this work, we show that quantum correlations can remain strongly
suppressed for certain choices of parameters even when considering two adjacent
quantum systems in delocalized states. Using the framework of linearized
quantum gravity with post-Newtonian contributions, we find that there are
special values of delocalization where gravitationally induced entanglement
drops to negligible values, albeit non-vanishing. We find a pronounced
cancellation point far from the Planck scale, where the system tends towards
classicalization. In addition, we show that quantum correlations begin to
reemerge for large and tiny delocalizations due to Heisenberg's uncertainty
principle and the universal coupling of gravity to the energy-momentum tensor,
forming a valley of gravitational entanglement.


  Depth estimation features are helpful for 3D recognition. Commodity-grade
depth cameras are able to capture depth and color image in real-time. However,
glossy, transparent or distant surface cannot be scanned properly by the
sensor. As a result, enhancement and restoration from sensing depth is an
important task. Depth completion aims at filling the holes that sensors fail to
detect, which is still a complex task for machine to learn. Traditional
hand-tuned methods have reached their limits, while neural network based
methods tend to copy and interpolate the output from surrounding depth values.
This leads to blurred boundaries, and structures of the depth map are lost.
Consequently, our main work is to design an end-to-end network improving
completion depth maps while maintaining edge clarity. We utilize self-attention
mechanism, previously used in image inpainting fields, to extract more useful
information in each layer of convolution so that the complete depth map is
enhanced. In addition, we propose boundary consistency concept to enhance the
depth map quality and structure. Experimental results validate the
effectiveness of our self-attention and boundary consistency schema, which
outperforms previous state-of-the-art depth completion work on Matterport3D
dataset. Our code is publicly available at
https://github.com/tsunghan-wu/Depth-Completion.


  We introduce the time-dependent restricted active space Configuration
Interaction method to solve the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for
many-electron atoms, and particularly apply it to the treatment of
photoionization processes in atoms. The method is presented in a very general
formulation and incorporates a wide range of commonly used approximation
schemes, like the single-active electron approximation, time-dependent
Configuration Interaction with single-excitations, or the time-dependent
R-matrix method. We proof the applicability of the method by calculating the
photoionization cross sections of Helium and Beryllium, as well as the
X-ray--IR pump-probe ionization in Beryllium


  Gauge fields are formulated in terms of the zero-energy eigenstates of
2-dimensional Schr$\ddot {\rm o}$dinger equations with central potentials
$V_a(\rho)=-a^2g_a\rho^{2(a-1)}$ ($a\not=0$, $g_a>0$ and
$\rho=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$). It is shown that the zero-energy states can naturally
be interpreted as a kind of interacting gauge fields of which effects are
solved as the factors $e^{ig_c\chi_A}$, where $\chi_A$ are complex gauge
functions written by the zero-energy eigenfunctions. We see that the gauge
fields for $a=1$ are nothing but tachyons that have negative squared-mass
$m^2=-g_1$. We also find out U(1)-type gauge fields for $a=1/2$ and SU(3)-type
gauge fields for $a=3/2$. Massive particles with internal structures described
by the zero-energy states are also studied.


  It is quite common in modern research, for a researcher to test many
hypotheses. The statistical (frequentist) hypothesis testing framework, does
not scale with the number of hypotheses in the sense that naively performing
many hypothesis tests will probably yield many false findings. Indeed,
statistical "significance" is evidence for the presence of a signal within the
noise expected in a single test, not in a multitude. In order to protect
himself from an uncontrolled number of erroneous findings, a researcher has to
consider of the type or errors he wishes to avoid and select the adequate
procedure for that particular error type and data structure. A quick search of
the tag [multiple-comparisons] in the statistics Questions & Answers web site
Cross Validates (http://stats.stackexchange.com) demonstrates the amount of
confusion this task can actually cause. This was also a point made at the 2009
Multiple Comparisons conference in Tokyo. In an attempt to offer guidance, we
review possible error types for multiple testing, and demonstrate them with
some practical examples, which clarify the formalism. Finally, we include some
notes on the software implementations of the methods discussed.
  The emphasis of this manuscript is on the error-rates, and not on the
procedures themselves. We do try to name several procedures in this manuscript
where appropriate. P-value adjustment will not be discussed as it is procedure
specific. I.e., it is the choice of a procedure that defines the p-value
adjustment, and not the error rate itself. Simultaneous confidence intervals
will, also, not be discussed.


  We study the connection between minimal Liouville string theory and
generalized open KdV hierarchies. We are interested in generalizing Douglas
string equation formalism to the open topology case. We show that combining the
results of the closed topology, based on the Frobenius manifold structure and
resonance transformations, with the appropriate open case modification, which
requires the insertion of macroscopic loop operators, we reproduce the
well-known result for the expectation value of a bulk operator for the FZZT
brane coupled to the general (q,p) minimal model. The matching of the results
of the two setups gives new evidence of the connection between minimal
Liouville gravity and the theory of Topological Gravity.


  We calculate the double resonant (DR) Raman spectrum of graphene, and
determine the lines associated to both phonon-defect processes, and two-phonons
ones. Phonon and electronic dispersions reproduce calculations based on density
functional theory corrected with GW. Electron-light, -phonon, and -defect
scattering matrix elements and the electronic linewidth are explicitly
calculated. Defect-induced processes are simulated by considering different
kind of idealized defects. For an excitation energy of $\epsilon_L=2.4$ eV, the
agreement with measurements is very good and calculations reproduce: the
relative intensities among phonon-defect or among two-phonon lines; the
measured small widths of the D, $D'$, 2D and $2D'$ lines; the line shapes; the
presence of small intensity lines in the 1800, 2000 cm$^{-1}$ range. We
determine how the spectra depend on the excitation energy, on the light
polarization, on the electronic linewidth, on the kind of defects and on their
concentration. According to the present findings, the intensity ratio between
the $2D'$ and 2D lines can be used to determine experimentally the electronic
linewidth. The intensity ratio between the $D$ and $D'$ lines depends on the
kind of model defect, suggesting that this ratio could possibly be used to
identify the kind of defects present in actual samples. Charged impurities
outside the graphene plane provide an almost undetectable contribution to the
Raman signal.


  Dynamical encounters of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in a disc of compact
objects around a supermassive BH (SMBH) can accelerate the formation and
coalescence of BH binaries. It has been proposed that binary-single encounters
among BHs in such discs can lead to an excess of highly-eccentric BH mergers.
However, previous studies have neglected how the disc velocity dispersion and
the SMBH's tidal field affect the 3-body dynamics. We investigate the outcomes
of binary-single encounters considering different values of the disc velocity
dispersion, and examine the role of the SMBH's tidal field. We then demonstrate
how their inclusion affects the properties of merging BH binaries. We perform
simulations of 4-body encounters (i.e. with the SMBH as fourth particle) using
the highly-accurate, regularized code TSUNAMI, which includes post-Newtonian
corrections up to order 3.5PN. The disc velocity dispersion controls how orbits
in the disc are aligned and circular, and determines the relative velocity of
the binary-single pair before the encounter. As the velocity dispersion
decreases, the eccentricity of post-encounter binaries transitions from thermal
to superthermal, and binaries experience enhanced hardening. The transition
between these two regimes happens at disc eccentricities and inclinations of
order e ~ i ~ 10^-4. These distinct regimes correspond to a disc dominated by
random motions, and one dominated by the Keplerian shear. The inclusion of the
SMBH's tidal field and the disc velocity dispersion can significantly affect
the number of GW mergers, and especially the number of highly-eccentric
inspirals. These can be up to ~2 times higher at low velocity dispersion, and
~12 times lower at high velocity dispersions. The spin-orbit alignment is
influenced by the tidal field exclusively at high velocity dispersions,
effectively inhibiting the formation of anti-aligned binary BHs.


  Dense plasma environment affects the electronic structure of ions via
variations of the microscopic electrical fields, also known as plasma
screening. This effect can be either estimated by simplified analytical models,
or by computationally expensive and to date unverified numerical calculations.
We have experimentally quantified plasma screening from the energy shifts of
the bound-bound transitions in matter driven by the x-ray free electron laser
(XFEL). This was enabled by identification of detailed electronic
configurations of the observed K{\alpha}, K\b{eta} and K{\gamma} lines. This
work paves the way for improving plasma screening models including connected
effects like ionization potential depression and continuum lowering, which will
advance the understanding of atomic physics in Warm Dense Matter regime.


  In this paper we study projective flat deformations of projective spaces. We
prove that the singular fibers of projective flat deformations of projective
spaces appear either in codimension 1 or over singular points of the base. We
also describe projective flat deformations of projective spaces with smooth
total space, and discuss flatness criteria.


  This paper deals with Lata{\l}a's estimation of the moments of Gaussian
chaoses. It is shown that his argument can be simplified significantly using
Talagrand's generic chaining.


  An open question in studying normal grain growth concerns the asymptotic
state to which microstructures converge. In particular, the distribution of
grain topologies is unknown. We introduce a thermodynamic-like theory to
explain these distributions in two- and three-dimensional systems. In
particular, a bending-like energy $E_i$ is associated to each grain topology
$t_i$, and the probability of observing that particular topology is
proportional to $\frac{1}{s(t_i)}e^{-\beta E_i}$, where $s(t_i)$ is the order
of an associated symmetry group and $\beta$ is a thermodynamic-like constant.
We explain the physical origins of this approach, and provide numerical
evidence in support.


  The dynamic heat transfer between two half-spaces separated by a vacuum gap
due to coupling of their surface modes is modelled using the theory that
describes the dynamic energy transfer between two coupled harmonic oscillators
each separately connected to a heat bath and with the heat baths maintained at
different temperatures. The theory is applied for the case when the two
surfaces are made up of a polar crystal which supports surface polaritons that
can be excited at room temperature and the predicted heat transfer is compared
with the steady state heat transfer value calculated from standard
fluctuational electrodynamics theory. It is observed that for small time
intervals the value of heat flux can reach as high as 1.5 times that of steady
state value.


  In this work, we study the accuracy that can be achieved when inferring the
atmospheric information from realistic numerical magneto-hydrodynamic
simulations that reproduce the spatial resolution we will obtain with future
observations made by the 4m class telescopes DKIST and EST. We first study
multiple inversion configurations using the SIR code and the Fe I transitions
at 630 nm until we obtain minor differences between the input and the inferred
atmosphere in a wide range of heights. Also, we examine how the inversion
accuracy depends on the noise level of the Stokes profiles. The results
indicate that when the majority of the inverted pixels come from strongly
magnetised areas, there are almost no restrictions in terms of the noise,
obtaining good results for noise amplitudes up to 1$\times10^{-3}$ of $I_c$. At
the same time, the situation is different for observations where the dominant
magnetic structures are weak, and noise restraints are more demanding.
Moreover, we find that the accuracy of the fits is almost the same as that
obtained without noise when the noise levels are on the order of
1$\times10^{-4}$of $I_c$. We, therefore, advise aiming for noise values on the
order of or lower than 5$\times10^{-4}$ of $I_c$ if observers seek reliable
interpretations of the results for the magnetic field vector reliably. We
expect those noise levels to be achievable by next-generation 4m class
telescopes thanks to an optimised polarisation calibration and the large
collecting area of the primary mirror.


  In this work, supersonic premixed H2/air combustion stabilised by a cavity
flame-holder in a model scramjet combustor with a Mach 1.5 inflow is studied
via direct numerical simulations. By applying turbulent and laminar inlet
condition separately, we compare the flame stabilisation characteristics
between these two cases to study the effect of inflow turbulence. The ignition
and flame propagation process are similar in both cases.After combustion in the
area near the cavity reaches quasi-stationary state, the results show that with
inflow turbulence more robust vortices are developed in cavity shear layer and
near the aft wall, resulting in a thicker reaction zone and larger flame
surface which present more efficient combustion. In addition, the inlet
turbulence enhances the entry of fresh mixture and this further supports flame
stabilisation near the cavity. However, the fully developed cavity shear layer
also leads to greater cavity resistance. As for the flame stabilization, with
inlet turbulence more robust recirculation and stronger mass exchange process
is observed and promote the radical transport. These results give a preliminary
insight into the flame stabilization mechanism. The distribution of progress
variable indicates that the flame stabilized toward products side with
turbulent inlet.


  We show that the signs of the leading irrelevant interactions for Dirac
fermions are constrained by the analytic structure of the S-matrix. If Regge
behavior obtains, negative signs indicate the presence of higher-spin bound
states that spoil the convergence of the dispersion integrals and drive the
corresponding operators relevant. For nucleon-nucleon scattering, the
negativity of some of the low-energy interactions signals the presence of a
spin-1 bound state: the deuteron. We connect the divergence of the dispersion
integral to the "Sommerfeld enhancement" of the cross-section for low-energy
scattering. We also discuss how this illuminates potential pitfalls in using
perturbative methods to understand the dependence of the low-energy nuclear
interaction on the masses of the light quarks. Finally, we suggest the
possibility of applying similar reasoning to the current-current operators in
the electroweak effective lagrangian, where no bound states spoil convergence
of the dispersion relations.


  A new scheme of photon echo based quantum memory in the optimal optical QED
cavity with off-resonant Raman atomic transition is proposed. The scheme
employs the atomic ensembles characterized by an optically thin resonant
transition and natural inhomogeneous broadening of the resonant line composed
of the arbitrary narrow homogeneous spectral components. The scheme provides
robust and quite simple coherent control of the light-atoms dynamics that can
be implemented by using an existing optical technique and opens a practical way
for realization of the efficient long-lived multi-mode optical quantum memory.


  A physically unclonable function (PUF) is an electronic circuit that produces
an intrinsic identifier in response to a challenge. These identifiers depend on
uncontrollable variations of the manufacturing process, which make them hard to
predict or to replicate. Various security protocols leverage on such intrinsic
randomness for authentification, cryptographic key generation,
anti-counterfeiting, etc. Evaluating the entropy of PUFs (for all possible
challenges) allows one to assess the security properties of such protocols.
  In this paper, we estimate the probability distribution of certain kinds of
PUFs composed of $n$ delay elements. This is used to evaluate relevant R\'enyi
entropies and determine how they increase with $n$. Such a problem was known to
have extremely high complexity (in the order of $2^{2^n}$) and previous entropy
estimations were carried out up to $n=7$. Making the link with the theory of
Boolean threshold functions, we leverage on the representation by Chow
parameters to estimate probability distributions up to $n=10$. The resulting
Shannon entropy of the PUF is close to the max-entropy, which is asymptotically
quadratic in $n$.


  We discuss the problem of separating consistently the total correlations in a
bipartite quantum state into a quantum and a purely classical part. A measure
of classical correlations is proposed and its properties are explored.


  The "extended" solar cycle 24 began in 1999 near 70 degrees latitude,
similarly to cycle 23 in 1989 and cycle 22 in 1979. The extended cycle is
manifested by persistent Fe XIV coronal emission appearing near 70 degrees
latitude and slowly migrating towards the equator, merging with the latitudes
of sunspots and active regions (the "butterfly diagram") after several years.
Cycle 24 began its migration at a rate 40% slower than the previous two solar
cycles, thus indicating the possibility of a peculiar cycle. However, the onset
of the "Rush to the Poles" of polar crown prominences and their associated
coronal emission, which has been a precursor to solar maximum in recent cycles
(cf. Altrock 2003), has just been identified in the northern hemisphere.
Peculiarly, this "Rush" is leisurely, at only 50% of the rate in the previous
two cycles. The properties of the current "Rush to the Poles" yields an
estimate of 2013 or 2014 for solar maximum.


  In this paper, we use a nonlinear hierarchical model predictive control (MPC)
to stabilize the Segway robot. We also use hardware in the loop (HIL)
simulation in order to model the delay response of the wheels' motor and verify
the control algorithm. In Two-Wheeled Personal Transportation Robots (TWPTR),
changing the center of mass location and value, the nonlinearity of the
equations, and the dynamics of the system are topics complicating the control
problem. A nonlinear MPC predicts the dynamics of the system and solves the
control problem efficiently, but requires the exact information of the system
models. Since model uncertainties are unavoidable, the time-delay control (TDC)
method is used to cancel the unknown dynamics and unexpected disturbances. When
the TDC method is applied, the results show that the maximum required torque
for engines is reduced by 7%. And the maximum displacement of the robot has
dropped by 44% around the balance axis. In other words, robot stability has
increased by 78%. Due to the cost of implementing control in practice, this
research runs the HIL simulation for the first time. The use of this simulation
helps in implementing the control algorithms without approximation, and also
the system response can be discussed in a more realistic way.


  Physical quantities in the mixed $p$-spin glasses are evaluated with
Nishimori's gauge theory and several variance inequalities. The $\mathbb
Z_2$-symmetry breaking and the replica-symmetry breaking are studied in finite
and infinite dimensions. Obtained bounds on the expectation of the square of
the magnetization and spontaneous magnetization enable us to clarify properties
of paramagnetic and spin glass phases. It is proven that variances of
ferromagnetic and spin glass order parameters vanish on the Nishimori line in
the infinite volume limit. These results imply the self-averaging of these
order parameters on the Nishimori line. The self-averaging of the spin glass
order parameter rigorously justifies already argued absence of replica-symmetry
breaking on the Nishimori line.


  We study synchronizing partial DFAs, which extend the classical concept of
synchronizing complete DFAs and are a special case of synchronizing unambiguous
NFAs. A partial DFA is called synchronizing if it has a word (called a reset
word) whose action brings a non-empty subset of states to a unique state and is
undefined for all other states. While in the general case the problem of
checking whether a partial DFA is synchronizing is PSPACE-complete, we show
that in the strongly connected case this problem can be efficiently reduced to
the same problem for a complete DFA. Using combinatorial, algebraic, and formal
languages methods, we develop techniques that relate main synchronization
problems for strongly connected partial DFAs with the same problems for
complete DFAs. In particular, this includes the \v{C}ern\'{y} and the rank
conjectures, the problem of finding a reset word, and upper bounds on the
length of the shortest reset words of literal automata of finite prefix codes.
We conclude that solving fundamental synchronization problems is equally hard
in both models, as an essential improvement of the results for one model
implies an improvement for the other.


  We present an end-to-end joint training framework that explicitly models
6-DoF motion of multiple dynamic objects, ego-motion and depth in a monocular
camera setup without supervision. Our technical contributions are three-fold.
First, we propose a differentiable forward rigid projection module that plays a
key role in our instance-wise depth and motion learning. Second, we design an
instance-wise photometric and geometric consistency loss that effectively
decomposes background and moving object regions. Lastly, we introduce a new
auto-annotation scheme to produce video instance segmentation maps that will be
utilized as input to our training pipeline. These proposed elements are
validated in a detailed ablation study. Through extensive experiments conducted
on the KITTI dataset, our framework is shown to outperform the state-of-the-art
depth and motion estimation methods. Our code and dataset will be available at
https://github.com/SeokjuLee/Insta-DM.


  Added lemma provided by Michel Brion. Other (minor) changes. Submitted
version.
  Let k be any field, let X' be a projective and geometrically integral
k-scheme and let Y' be a finite closed subscheme of X'. If f: Y'-> Y is a
schematically dominant morphism between finite k-schemes and X is obtained by
pinching X' along Y' via f, we describe the kernel (and, in certain cases, the
cokernel) of the induced pullback map Br_{1}X -> Br_{1}X' between the
corresponding algebraic (cohomological) Brauer groups of X and X'_solely_ in
terms of the Brauer groups of the residue fields of Y and Y' and the Amitsur
subgroups of X and X' in Br k. As an application, we compute the Brauer group
of a projective and geometrically integral k-rational curve (with arbitrary
singularities) over any field k. We also extend a well-known theorem of
Roquette and Lichtenbaum to a class of singular curves over any local field.


  In this paper, we present our work participating in the BioCreative VII Track
3 - automatic extraction of medication names in tweets, where we implemented a
multi-task learning model that is jointly trained on text classification and
sequence labelling. Our best system run achieved a strict F1 of 80.4, ranking
first and more than 10 points higher than the average score of all
participants. Our analyses show that the ensemble technique, multi-task
learning, and data augmentation are all beneficial for medication detection in
tweets.


  We investigate in detail the $\nu=+1$ displacement-field-tuned interacting
phase diagram of $L=3,4,5,6,7$ layer rhombohedral graphene aligned to hBN
(R$L$G/hBN). Our calculations account for the 3D nature of the Coulomb
interaction, the inequivalent stacking orientations $\xi=0,1$, the effects of
the filled valence bands, and the choice of `interaction scheme' for specifying
the many-body Hamiltonian. We show that the latter has a dramatic impact on the
Hartree-Fock phase boundaries and the properties of the phases, including for
pentalayers (R5G/hBN) with large displacement field $D$ where recent
experiments observed a Chern insulator at $\nu=+1$ and fractional Chern
insulators for $\nu<1$. In this large $D$ regime, the low-energy conduction
bands are polarized away from the aligned hBN layer, and are hence
well-described by the folded bands of moir\'eless rhombohedral graphene at the
non-interacting level. Despite this, the filled valence bands develop
moir\'e-periodic charge density variations which can generate an effective
moir\'e potential, thereby explicitly breaking the approximate continuous
translation symmetry in the conduction bands, and leading to contrasting
electronic topology in the ground state for the two stacking arrangements.
Within time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory, we further characterize the strength
of the moir\'e pinning potential in the Chern insulator phase by computing the
low-energy $\mathbf{q}=0$ collective mode spectrum, where we identify competing
gapped pseudophonon and valley magnon excitations. Our results emphasize the
importance of careful examination of both the single-particle and interaction
model for a proper understanding of the correlated phases in R$L$G/hBN.


  In this work we present a model for the evacuation of pedestrians from an
enclosure considering a continuous space substrate and discrete time. We
analyze the influence of behavioral features that affect the use of the empty
space, that can be linked to the attitudes or characters of the pedestrians. We
study how the interaction of different behavioral profiles affects the needed
time to evacuate completely a room and the occurrence of clogging. We find that
neither fully egotistic nor fully cooperative attitudes are optimal from the
point of view of the crowd. In contrast, intermediate behaviors provide lower
evacuation times. This lead us to identify some phenomena closely analogous to
the {\em faster-is-slower} effect. The proposed model enables for the
introduction of Game Theory elements to solve conflicts between pedestrians
which try to occupy the same space. Moreover, it allows for distinguishing
between the role of the attitudes in the search for empty space and the
attitudes in the conflicts. In the present version we only focus on the first
of these instances.


  The authors' design for a M\"ossbauer spectroscopy unit accessed via the
Internet is presented. The spectrometer's configuration, operational
peculiarities, key specifications, and remote access procedures are described.
More detailed educational, scientific, and technical information can be found
at the project's official website http://efmsb.sinp.msu.ru.


  Neutrino-cooled hyperaccretion disks around stellar mass black holes are
plausible candidates for the central engine of gamma-ray bursts. We calculate
the one-dimensional structure and the annihilation luminosity of such disks.
The neutrino optical depth is of crucial importance in determining the neutrino
cooling rate and is in turn dependent on the electron fraction, the free
nucleon fraction, and the electron degeneracy, with given density and
temperature of the disk matter. We construct a bridging formula for the
electron fraction that works for various neutrino optical depths, and give
exact definitions for the free proton fraction and free neutron fraction. We
show that the electron degeneracy has important effects in the sense that it
enlarges the absorption optical depth for neutrinos, and it along with the
neutronization processes favored by high temperature cause the electron
fraction to drop to be below 0.1 in the inner region of the disk. The resulting
neutrino annihilation luminosity is considerably reduced comparing with that
obtained in previous works where the electron degeneracy was not considered and
the electron fraction was simply taken to be 0.5, but it is still likely to be
adequate for gamma-ray bursts, and it is ejected mainly from the inner region
of the disk and has an anisotropic distribution.


  Kinetically-grown self-avoiding walks have been studied on Watts-Strogatz
small-world networks, rewired from a two-dimensional square lattice. The
maximum length L of this kind of walks is limited in regular lattices by an
attrition effect, which gives finite values for its mean value < L >. For
random networks, this mean attrition length < L > scales as a power of the
network size, and diverges in the thermodynamic limit (large system size N).
For small-world networks, we find a behavior that interpolates between those
corresponding to regular lattices and randon networks, for rewiring probability
p ranging from 0 to 1. For p < 1, the mean self-intersection and attrition
length of kinetically-grown walks are finite. For p = 1, < L > grows with
system size as N^{1/2}, diverging in the thermodynamic limit. In this limit and
close to p = 1, the mean attrition length diverges as (1-p)^{-4}. Results of
approximate probabilistic calculations agree well with those derived from
numerical simulations.


  This paper explores the problem of quantum measurement complexity. In
computability theory, the complexity of a problem is determined by how long it
takes an effective algorithm to solve it. This complexity may be compared to
the difficulty for a hypothetical oracle machine, the output of which may be
verified by a computable function but cannot be simulated on a physical
machine. We define a quantum oracle machine for measurements as one that can
determine the state by examining a single copy. The complexity of measurement
for a realizable machine will then be respect to the number of copies of the
state that needs to be examined. A quantum oracle cannot perform simultaneous
exact measurement of conjugate variables, although approximate measurement may
be performed as circumscribed by the Heisenberg uncertainty relations. When
considering the measurement of a variable, there might be residual uncertainty
if the number of copies of the variable is limited. Specifically, we examine
the quantum measurement complexity of linear polarization of photons that is
used in several quantum cryptography schemes and we present a relation using
information theoretic arguments. The idea of quantum measurement complexity is
likely to find uses in measurements in biological systems.


  Exclusive and inclusive, semileptonic and non-leptonic, charmed decays of the
B-meson are investigated in the context of a phenomenological quark model.
Bound-state effects are taken care of by adopting a single (model-dependent)
non-perturbative wave function, describing the motion of the light spectator
quark in the B-meson. A nice reproduction of both exclusive and inclusive
semileptonic data is obtained. Our predictions for the electron spectrum are
presented and compared with those of the Isgur-Scora-Grinstein-Wise quark
model. Finally, our approach is applied to the calculation of inclusive
non-leptonic widths, obtaining a remarkable agreement with experimental
findings.


  We are interested in global properties of systems of left-invariant
differential operators on compact Lie groups: regularity properties, properties
on the closedness of the range and finite dimensionality of their cohomology
spaces, when acting on various function spaces e.g. smooth, analytic and
Gevrey. Extending the methods of Greenfield and Wallach (1973) to systems, we
obtain abstract characterizations for these properties and use them to derive
some generalizations of results due to Greenfield (1972), Greenfield and
Wallach (1972), as well as global versions of a result of Caetano and Cordaro
(2011) for involutive structures.


  We show explicitly how the E model attractor is obtained from the general
scalar-tensor theory of gravity with arbitrary conformal factors in the strong
coupling limit. By using conformal transformations, any attractor with the
observables $n_s$ and $r$ can be obtained. The existence of attractors imposes
a challenge to distinguish different models.


  Diffusion-based image translation guided by semantic texts or a single target
image has enabled flexible style transfer which is not limited to the specific
domains. Unfortunately, due to the stochastic nature of diffusion models, it is
often difficult to maintain the original content of the image during the
reverse diffusion. To address this, here we present a novel diffusion-based
unsupervised image translation method using disentangled style and content
representation.
  Specifically, inspired by the splicing Vision Transformer, we extract
intermediate keys of multihead self attention layer from ViT model and used
them as the content preservation loss. Then, an image guided style transfer is
performed by matching the [CLS] classification token from the denoised samples
and target image, whereas additional CLIP loss is used for the text-driven
style transfer. To further accelerate the semantic change during the reverse
diffusion, we also propose a novel semantic divergence loss and resampling
strategy. Our experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms
state-of-the-art baseline models in both text-guided and image-guided
translation tasks.


  Cyber human interaction is a broad term encompassing the range of
interactions that humans can have with technology. While human interaction with
fixed and mobile computers is well understood, the world is on the cusp of
ubiquitous and sustained interactions between humans and robots. While robotic
systems are intertwined with computing and computing technologies, the word
robot here describes technologies that can physically affect and in turn be
affected by their environments which includes humans. This chapter delves into
issues of cyber human interaction from the perspective of humans interacting
with a subset of robots known as assistive robots. Assistive robots are robots
designed to assist individuals with mobility or capacity limitations in
completing everyday activities, commonly called instrumental activities of
daily living. These range from household chores, eating or drinking to any
activity with which a user may need the daily assistance of a caregiver to
complete. One common type of assistive robot is the wheelchair mounted robotic
arm. This device is designed to attach to a user's wheelchair to allow him or
her to complete their activities independently. In short, these devices have
sensors that allow them to sense and process their environment with varying
levels of autonomy to perform actions that benefit and improve the well-being
of people with capability limitations or disabilities. While human robot
interaction is a popular research topic, not much research has been dedicated
with regard to individual with limitations. In this chapter, we provide an
overview of assistive robotic devices, discuss common methods of user
interaction, and the need for an adaptive compensation framework to support
potential users in regaining their functional capabilities.


  We have developed a method to equip homodyne interferometers with the
capability to operate with constant high sensitivity over many fringes for
continuous real-time tracking. The method can be considered as an extension of
the "J_1...J_4" methods, and its enhancement to deliver very sensitive angular
measurements through Differential Wavefront Sensing is straightforward. Beam
generation requires a sinusoidal phase modulation of several radians in one
interferometer arm. On a stable optical bench, we have demonstrated a long-term
sensitivity over thousands of seconds of 0.1 mrad/sqrt[Hz] that correspond to
20 pm/sqrt[Hz] in length, and 10 nrad/sqrt[Hz] in angle at millihertz
frequencies.


  Deep spectral methods reframe the image decomposition process as a graph
partitioning task by extracting features using self-supervised learning and
utilizing the Laplacian of the affinity matrix to obtain eigensegments.
However, instance segmentation has received less attention compared to other
tasks within the context of deep spectral methods. This paper addresses the
fact that not all channels of the feature map extracted from a self-supervised
backbone contain sufficient information for instance segmentation purposes. In
fact, Some channels are noisy and hinder the accuracy of the task. To overcome
this issue, this paper proposes two channel reduction modules: Noise Channel
Reduction (NCR) and Deviation-based Channel Reduction (DCR). The NCR retains
channels with lower entropy, as they are less likely to be noisy, while DCR
prunes channels with low standard deviation, as they lack sufficient
information for effective instance segmentation. Furthermore, the paper
demonstrates that the dot product, commonly used in deep spectral methods, is
not suitable for instance segmentation due to its sensitivity to feature map
values, potentially leading to incorrect instance segments. A new similarity
metric called Bray-Curtis over Chebyshev (BoC) is proposed to address this
issue. It takes into account the distribution of features in addition to their
values, providing a more robust similarity measure for instance segmentation.
Quantitative and qualitative results on the Youtube-VIS2019 dataset highlight
the improvements achieved by the proposed channel reduction methods and the use
of BoC instead of the conventional dot product for creating the affinity
matrix. These improvements are observed in terms of mean Intersection over
Union and extracted instance segments, demonstrating enhanced instance
segmentation performance. The code is available on:
https://github.com/farnooshar/SpecUnIIS


  In multi-cast scenario, all desired users are divided into $K$ groups. Each
group receives its own individual confidential message stream. Eavesdropper
group aims to intercept $K$ confidential-message streams. To achieve a secure
transmission, two secure schemes are proposed: maximum group receive power plus
null-space (NS) projection (Max-GRP plus NSP) and leakage. The former obtains
its precoding vector per group by maximizing its own group receive power
subject to the orthogonal constraint, and its AN projection matrix consist of
all bases of NS of all desired steering vectors from all groups. The latter
attains its desired precoding vector per group by driving the current
confidential message power to its group steering space and reducing its power
leakage to eavesdropper group and other $K-1$ desired ones by maximizing signal
to leakage and noise ratio (Max-SLNR). And its AN projection matrix is designed
by forcing AN power into the eavesdropper steering space by viewing AN as a
useful signal for eavesdropper group and maximizing AN to leakage-and-noise
ratio (Max-ANLNR). Simulation results show that the proposed two methods are
better than conventional method in terms of both bit-error-rate (BER) and
secrecy sum-rate per group. Also, the leakage scheme performs better than
Max-GRP-NSP , especially in the presence of direction measurement errors.
However, the latter requires no channel statistical parameters and thus is
simpler compared to the former.


  Robots operating in the open world encounter various different environments
that can substantially differ from each other. This domain gap also poses a
challenge for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) being one of the
fundamental tasks for navigation. In particular, learning-based SLAM methods
are known to generalize poorly to unseen environments hindering their general
adoption. In this work, we introduce the novel task of continual SLAM extending
the concept of lifelong SLAM from a single dynamically changing environment to
sequential deployments in several drastically differing environments. To
address this task, we propose CL-SLAM leveraging a dual-network architecture to
both adapt to new environments and retain knowledge with respect to previously
visited environments. We compare CL-SLAM to learning-based as well as classical
SLAM methods and show the advantages of leveraging online data. We extensively
evaluate CL-SLAM on three different datasets and demonstrate that it
outperforms several baselines inspired by existing continual learning-based
visual odometry methods. We make the code of our work publicly available at
http://continual-slam.cs.uni-freiburg.de.


  This study improves the performance of neural named entity recognition by a
margin of up to 11% in F-score on the example of a low-resource language like
German, thereby outperforming existing baselines and establishing a new
state-of-the-art on each single open-source dataset. Rather than designing
deeper and wider hybrid neural architectures, we gather all available resources
and perform a detailed optimization and grammar-dependent morphological
processing consisting of lemmatization and part-of-speech tagging prior to
exposing the raw data to any training process. We test our approach in a
threefold monolingual experimental setup of a) single, b) joint, and c)
optimized training and shed light on the dependency of downstream-tasks on the
size of corpora used to compute word embeddings.


  We propose a multifunctional integrated plasmonic-photonic polarization
converter for polarization demultiplexing in an indium-phosphide membrane on
silicon platform. Using a compact 1$\times$4 multimode interference coupler,
this device can provide simultaneous half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate
(HWP and QWP) functionalities, where the latter generates two quasi-circular
polarized beams with opposite spins and topological charges of $l$ = $\pm$1.
Our device employs a two-section HWP to obtain a very large conversion
efficiency of $\geq$ 91% over the entire C to U telecom bands, while it offers
a conversion efficiency of $\geq$ 95% over $\sim$ 86% of the C to U bands. Our
device also illustrates QWP functionality, where the transmission contrast
between the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes is $\approx$ 0 dB
over the whole C band and 55% of the C to U bands. We expect this device can be
a promising building block for the realization of ultracompact on-chip
polarization demultiplexing and lab-on-a-chip biosensing platforms. Finally,
our proposed device allows the use of the polarization and angular momentum
degrees of freedom, which makes it attractive for quantum information
processing.


  This paper addresses the problem of determining the best answer in
Community-based Question Answering (CQA) websites by focussing on the content.
In particular, we present a system, ACQUA [http://acqua.kmi.open.ac.uk], that
can be installed onto the majority of browsers as a plugin. The service offers
a seamless and accurate prediction of the answer to be accepted. Previous
research on this topic relies on the exploitation of community feedback on the
answers, which involves rating of either users (e.g., reputation) or answers
(e.g. scores manually assigned to answers). We propose a new technique that
leverages the content/textual features of answers in a novel way. Our approach
delivers better results than related linguistics-based solutions and manages to
match rating-based approaches. More specifically, the gain in performance is
achieved by rendering the values of these features into a discretised form. We
also show how our technique manages to deliver equally good results in
real-time settings, as opposed to having to rely on information not always
readily available, such as user ratings and answer scores. We ran an evaluation
on 21 StackExchange websites covering around 4 million questions and more than
8 million answers. We obtain 84% average precision and 70% recall, which shows
that our technique is robust, effective, and widely applicable.


  Shape memory structures are playing an important role in many cutting-edge
intelligent fields. However, the existing technologies can only realize 4D
printing of a single polymer or metal, which limits practical applications.
Here, we report a construction strategy for TSMP/M heterointerface, which uses
Pd2+-containing shape memory polymer (AP-SMR) to induce electroless plating
reaction and relies on molecular dynamics, which has both shape memory
properties and metal activity and information processing power. Through
multi-material DLP 3D printing technology, the interface can be 3D selectively
programmed on functional substrate parts of arbitrary shapes to become 4D
electronic smart devices (Robotics). Microscopically, this type of interface
appears as a composite structure with a nanometer-micrometer interface height,
which is composed of a pure substrate layer (smart materials), an intermediate
layer (a composite structure in which metal particles are embedded in a polymer
cross-linked network) and a pure metal layer. The structure programmed by
TSMP/M heterointerface exhibits both SMA characteristics and metal properties,
thus having more intelligent functions (electroactive, electrothermal
deformation, electronically controlled denaturation) and higher performance
(selectivity of shape memory structures can be realized control, remote
control, inline control and low voltage control). This is expected to provide a
more flexible manufacturing process as platform technology for designing,
manufacturing and applying smart devices with new concepts, and promote the
development of cutting-edge industries such as smart robots and smart
electronics.


  In this paper we test the use of a deep learning approach to automatically
count Wandering Albatrosses in Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite imagery. We
use a dataset of manually labelled imagery provided by the British Antarctic
Survey to train and develop our methods. We employ a U-Net architecture,
designed for image segmentation, to simultaneously classify and localise
potential albatrosses. We aid training with the use of the Focal Loss
criterion, to deal with extreme class imbalance in the dataset. Initial results
achieve peak precision and recall values of approximately 80%. Finally we
assess the model's performance in relation to inter-observer variation, by
comparing errors against an image labelled by multiple observers. We conclude
model accuracy falls within the range of human counters. We hope that the
methods will streamline the analysis of VHR satellite images, enabling more
frequent monitoring of a species which is of high conservation concern.


  A projectile (84^Kr_36) having kinetic energy around 1 A GeV was used to
expose NIKFI BR-2 emulsion target. A total of 700 inelastic events are used in
the present studies on projectile fragments. The emission angle of the
projectile fragments are strongly affected by charge of the other projectile
fragments emitted at same time with different emission angle is observed. The
angular distribution studies show symmetrical nature for lighter charge
projectile fragments. The symmetrical nature decreased with the charge of
projectile fragments. At ~4o of emission angle for double charge projectile
fragments, the momentum transfer during interaction is similar for various
target species of emulsion were observed. We also observed a small but
significant amplitude peaks on both side of the big peak for almost all light
charge projectile fragments having different delta angle values. It reflects
that there are few percent of projectile fragments that are coming from the
decay of heavy projectile fragments or any other process.


  Comment on paper: Gopalswamy, N., S. Yashiro, and S. Akiyama (2007),
Geoeffectiveness of halo coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06112,
doi:10.1029/2006JA012149
  Gopalswamy et al. [2007] studied the geoeffectiveness of halo coronal mass
ejections (CMEs) on the basis of solar observations during 1996-2005 and found
that the geoeffectiveness of 229 frontside halo CMEs was 71%. Recently for
observations of 305 frontside halo CMEs during 1997-2003 the geoeffectiveness
was found to be 40% [Kim et al., 2005]. Complex analysis of both solar and
interplanetary measurements showed that the geoeffectiveness of frontside halo
CMEs is likely to be about 50% [Yermolaev et al., 2005; Yermolaev and
Yermolaev, 2006]. Gopalswamy et al. [2007] did not discuss possible causes of
this difference and were limited only to the general words: "The reason for the
conflicting results (geoeffectiveness of CMEs ranging from 35% to more than
80%) may be attributed to the different definition of halo CMEs and
geoeffectiveness." So, here we shall present our point of view on high
geoeffectivenees of CME obtained in paper by Gopalswamy et al. [2007].


  Plasmonic nanoantennas is a hot and rapidly expanding research field. Here we
overview basic operating principles and applications of novel magneto-plasmonic
nanoantennas, which are made of ferromagnetic metals and driven not only by
light, but also by external magnetic fields. We demonstrate that
magneto-plasmonic nanoantennas enhance the magneto-optical effects, which
introduces additional degrees of freedom in the control of light at the
nano-scale. This property is used in conceptually new devices such as
magneto-plasmonic rulers, ultra-sensitive biosensors, one-way subwavelength
waveguides and extraordinary optical transmission structures, as well as in
novel biomedical imaging modalities. We also point out that in certain cases
'non-optical' ferromagnetic nanostructures may operate as magneto-plasmonic
nanoantennas. This undesigned extra functionality capitalises on established
optical characterisation techniques of magnetic nanomaterials and it may be
useful for the integration of nanophotonics and nanomagnetism on a single chip.


  We discuss the characteristic interference features of soft radiation in the
threshold production of heavy unstable particles: soft gluon radiation in $\ee
\to \tt$ and soft photon radiation in $\ee \to \ww$. We show that the heavy
particle decay width controls the interference between the emission off the
final state particles. As a result, the radiation pattern may provide a way of
measuring the decay width of the heavy particles.


  In high Tc superconductors the magnetic and electronic properties are
determined by the probability that valence electrons virtually jump from site
to site in the CuO2 planes, a mechanism opposed by on-site Coulomb repulsion
and favored by hopping integrals. The spatial extent of the latter is related
to transport properties, including superconductivity, and to the dispersion
relation of spin excitations (magnons). Here, for three antiferromagnetic
parent compounds (single-layer Bi2Sr0.99La1.1CuO6+delta, double-layer
Nd1.2Ba1.8Cu3O6 and infinite-layer CaCuO2) differing by the number of apical
atoms, we compare the magnetic spectra measured by resonant inelastic x-ray
scattering over a significant portion of the reciprocal space and with
unprecedented accuracy. We observe that the absence of apical oxygens increases
the in-plane hopping range and, in CaCuO2, it leads to a genuine 3D
exchange-bond network. These results establish a corresponding relation between
the exchange interactions and the crystal structure, and provide fresh insight
into the materials dependence of the superconducting transition temperature.


  Molecular line intensity calculations are not a straightforward task. We
present a description of the basics for including molecular linesin synthetic
spectra, and of the input data needed. We aim both at describing ways in which
molecular lines are computed in the context of photospheres of F-G-K stars, and
to present a new online available version of our code for spectrum synthesis of
cool stars. We apply calculations to molecular bands in the ultraviolet,
visible and near-infrared main features, and comparisons with spectra of
reference stars are shown. We provide user-friendly tools for the free use of
the code PFANT. The code is available at http://trevisanj.github.io/PFANT.


  Although spatial prediction is widely used for urban and environmental
monitoring, its accuracy is often unsatisfactory if only a small number of
samples are available in the study area. The objective of this study was to
improve the prediction accuracy in such a case through transfer learning using
larger samples obtained outside the study area. Our proposal is to pre-train
latent spatial-dependent processes, which are difficult to transfer, and apply
them as additional features in the subsequent transfer learning. The proposed
method is designed to involve local spatial dependence and can be implemented
easily. This spatial-regression-based transfer learning is expected to achieve
a higher and more stable prediction accuracy than conventional learning, which
does not explicitly consider local spatial dependence. The performance of the
proposed method was examined using land price and crime predictions. These
results suggest that the proposed method successfully improved the accuracy and
stability of these spatial predictions.


  This paper presents the current problem of investigation of the effect of
implementation of improved methods of the life cycle stages organisation to
online community management. The online community life cycle is the sum of the
stages of organisation and development of online community. The current
approaches of scientific researches of social processes within the WWW are
analysed. The types of life cycles are distinguished and implemented in the
online community management. The algorithm of life cycle stages of the online
community is designed. The total quality of the life cycle stages execution and
quality of the life cycle stages execution of Lviv Polytechnic online community
from 2013 till 2016. Currently, the appropriate study and development of
community management hardware and software provoke the most interest because
online communities are a widespread and popular phenomenon, and the existing
management software for them is imperfect and not complex.


  Bose-Einstein condensates with tunable interatomic interactions have been
studied intensely in recent experiments. The investigation of the collapse of a
condensate following a sudden change in the nature of the interaction from
repulsive to attractive has led to the observation of a remnant condensate that
did not undergo further collapse. We suggest that this high-density remnant is
in fact the absolute minimum of the energy, if the attractive atomic
interactions are nonlocal, and is therefore inherently stable. We show that a
variational trial function consisting of a superposition of two distinct
gaussians is an accurate representation of the wavefunction of the ground state
of the conventional local Gross-Pitaevskii field equation for an attractive
condensate and gives correctly the points of emergence of instability. We then
use such a superposition of two gaussians as a variational trial function in
order to calculate the minima of the energy when it includes a nonlocal
interaction term. We use experimental data in order to study the long range of
the nonlocal interaction, showing that they agree very well with a
dimensionally derived expression for this range.


  Using key tools such as It\^o formula for general semi-martingales, moments
estimates for L\'{e}vy-type stochastic integrals and properties of regular
varying functions we find conditions under which solutions of stochastic
differential equation with jumps are almost sure asymptotically equivalent
nonrandom function with $t\to \infty$.