  We consider the following interacting particle system: There is a ``gas'' of
particles, each of which performs a continuous time simple random walk on the
d-dimensional lattice. These particles are called A-particles and move
independently of each other. We assume that we start the system with a Poisson
number of particles at each lattice site x, with the number of particles at
different x's i.i.d. In addition, there are a finite number of B-particles
which perform the same continuous time simple random walks as the A-particles.
A- and B-particles are interpreted as individuals who are healthy or infected,
respectively. The B-particles move independently of each other. The only
interaction is that when a B-particle and an A-particle coincide, the latter
instantaneously turns into a B-particle. Let B(t) be the set of sites visited
by a B-particle during [0,t]. We show that B(t) grows linearly in time and has
an asymptotic shape; more precisely, there exists a non-random convex, compact
set B_0 such that almost surely, for all 0 < a <1, (1-a)tB_0 is contained in
B(t) and B(t) is contained in (1+a)tB_0 eventually.


  The cross section for the reactions of the type $\mu^-\mu^+ \to e\bar\nu_e X$
can not be calculated by the standard methods due to the $t$--channel
singularity in the physical region. In this letter we show that accounting for
the finite sizes of the colliding beams results in the regularization of this
singularity. The finite cross section, which is obtained in this way, turns out
to be linear proportional to the transverse sizes of the colliding beams. As an
application of the above result, we calculate the cross section of the $W$
boson production at $\mu^+\mu^-$ colliders in the reaction $\mu^- \mu^+ \to
e\bar\nu _e W^+$.


  Ultimate storage rings (USRs), with electron emittance smaller than 100
pm.rad and on the scale of the diffraction limit for hard X-rays in both
transverse planes, have the potential to deliver photons with much higher
brightness and higher transverse coherence than that projected for the rings
currently operational or under construction. Worldwide efforts have been made
to design and to build light sources based on USRs. How to obtain a round beam,
i.e. beam with equivalent transverse emittances, is an important topic in USR
studies. In this paper, we show that a locally-round beam can be achieved by
using a pair of solenoid and anti-solenoid with a circularly polarized
undulator located in between. Theoretical analysis and application of this
novel method, particularly to one of the Beijing Advanced Photon Source storage
ring design having natural emittance of 75 pm.rad, are presented.


  Multimode fiber systems are desirable for industrial and scientific
applications. As an interesting effect for the laser beam propagation in a
multimode fiber, nonlinear Kerr beam cleanup has attracted considerable
research interest due to the spatial beam compressing. However, its physical
mechanisms, especially the influences of input conditions on its performances,
remain unclear. Here, we report a new self-organized regime for the multimode
beam propagation in a graded-index multimode fiber: when the input laser has a
dominant mode in which most of the laser energy is concentrated, the beam
profile can be maintaining in a well-defined structure similar to the input
dominant mode in nonlinear regime, while it will evolve to an irregular pattern
in linear regime. The existence and universality of this nonlinear beam
self-maintaining effect have been verified by the experimental and numerical
data. Our results also provide evidence that nonlinear Kerr effects can be the
driving mechanism and nonlinear Kerr beam cleanup is a specific case of this
effect. Further research into this spatial beam shaping effect may provide a
new perspective to understand other multimode fiber nonlinearities.


  The leading order effect of the spin of a distant supermassive black hole
(SMBH) on the orbit of compact binary revolving around it appears at the 1.5
post Newtonian (PN) expansion through coupling with the inner and outer orbital
angular momenta, and makes an oscillating characteristic contribution to the
secular evolution of the compact binary eccentricity over a long time scale
compared to the Kozai-Lidov dynamics caused by a non-spinning SMBH.


  Using high resolution Cluster satellite observations, we show that the
turbulent solar wind is populated by magnetic discontinuities at different
scales, going from proton down to electron scales. The structure of these
layers resembles the Harris equilibrium profile in plasmas. Using a
multi-dimensional intermittency technique, we show that these structures are
connected through the scales. Supported by numerical simulations of magnetic
reconnection, we show that observations are consistent with a scenario where
many current layers develop in turbulence, and where the outflow of these
reconnection events are characterized by complex sub-proton networks of
secondary islands, in a self-similar way. The present work establishes that the
picture of "reconnection in turbulence" and "turbulent reconnection",
separately invoked as ubiquitous, coexist in space plasmas.


  In this paper it is shown that deferentially rotating disks that are in the
presence of weak axial magnetic field are prone to a new nonlinear explosive
instability. The latter occurs due to the near-resonance three-wave
interactions of a magnetorotational instability with stable Alfven-Coriolis and
magnetosonic modes. The dynamical equations that govern the temporal evolution
of the amplitudes of the three interacting modes are derived. Numerical
solutions of the dynamical equations indicate that small frequency mismatch
gives rise to two types of behavior: 1. explosive instability which leads to
infinite values of the three amplitudes within a finite time, and 2. bounded
irregular oscillations of all three amplitudes. Asymptotic solutions of the
dynamical equations are obtained for the explosive instability regimes and are
shown to match the numerical solutions near the explosion time.


  We investigate the dynamics of an Alfven surface (where the Alfven speed
equals the advection velocity) in the context of core collapse supernovae
during the phase of accretion on the proto-neutron star. Such a surface should
exist even for weak magnetic fields because the advection velocity decreases to
zero at the center of the collapsing core. In this decelerated flow, Alfven
waves created by the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) or convection
accumulate and amplify while approaching the Alfven surface. We study this
amplification using one dimensional MHD simulations with explicit physical
dissipation. In the linear regime, the amplification continues until the Alfven
wavelength becomes as small as the dissipative scale. A pressure feedback that
increases the pressure in the upstream flow is created via a non linear
coupling. We derive analytic formulae for the maximum amplification and the non
linear coupling and check them with numerical simulations to a very good
accuracy. We also characterize the non linear saturation of this amplification
when compression effects become important, leading to either a change of the
velocity gradient, or a steepening of the Alfven wave. Applying these results
to core collapse supernovae shows that the amplification can be fast enough to
affect the dynamics, if the magnetic field is strong enough for the Alfven
surface to lie in the region of strong velocity gradient just above the
neutrinosphere. This requires the presence of a strong magnetic field in the
progenitor star, which would correspond to the formation of a magnetar under
the assumption of magnetic flux conservation. An extrapolation of our analytic
formula (taking into account the nonlinear saturation) suggests that the Alfven
wave could reach an amplitude of B ~ 10^15 G, and that the pressure feedback
could significantly contribute to the pressure below the shock.


  We show that by working over the absolute base $\mathbb S$ (the categorical
version of the sphere spectrum) instead of $\mathbb S[\pm 1]$ improves our
previous Riemann-Roch formula for $\overline{{\rm Spec\,}\mathbb Z}$. The
formula equates the (integer-valued) Euler characteristic of an Arakelov
divisor with the sum of the degree of the divisor (using logarithms with base
2) and the number $1$, thus confirming the understanding of the ring $\mathbb
Z$ as a ring of polynomials in one variable over the absolute base $\mathbb S$,
namely $\mathbb S[X], 1+1=X+X^2$.


  We propose a model in which ultra high energy cosmic rays are produced by
collisions between neutron stars and axion stars. The acceleration of such a
cosmic ray is made by the electric field, $\sim 10^{15} (B/10^{12} {G}) {eV}
{cm}^{-1}$, which is induced in an axion star by the strong magnetic field
$B>10^{12}$ G of a neutron star. As we have shown previously, similar
collisions generate gamma ray bursts when the magnetic field is much smaller,
e.g. $\sim 10^{10}$ G. If we assume that the axion mass is $\sim 10^{-9}$ eV,
we can explain huge energies of the gamma ray bursts $\sim 10^{54}$ erg as well
as the ultra high energies of the cosmic rays $\sim 10^{20}$ eV. In addition,
it turns out that these axion stars are plausible candidates for MACHOs. We
point out a possibility of observing monochromatic radiations emitted from the
axion stars.


  As part of the ongoing effort to characterize the low-mass (sub)stellar
population in a sample of massive young clusters, we have targeted the ~2 Myr
old cluster NGC 2244. The distance to NGC 2244 from Gaia DR2 parallaxes is 1.59
kpc, with errors of 1% (statistical) and 11% (systematic). We used the
Flamingos-2 near-infrared camera at the Gemini-South telescope for deep
multi-band imaging of the central portion of the cluster (~2.4pc^2). We
determined membership in a statistical manner, through a comparison of the
cluster's color-magnitude diagram to that of a control field. Masses and
extinctions of the candidate members are then calculated with the help of
evolutionary models, leading to the first initial mass function (IMF) of the
cluster extending into the substellar regime, with the 90\% completeness limit
around 0.02 Msun. The IMF is well represented by a broken power law (dN/dM
\propto M^{-alpha}), with a break at ~0.4 Msun. The slope on the high mass side
(0.4 - 7 Msun) is alpha=2.12+-0.08, close to the standard Salpeter slope. In
the low-mass range (0.02 - 0.4 Msun), we find a slope alpha=1.03+-0.02, which
is at the high end of the typical values obtained in nearby star-forming
regions (alpha=0.5-1.0), but still in agreement within the uncertainties. Our
results reveal no clear evidence for variations in the formation efficiency of
brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars due to the presence of OB stars, or for a
change in stellar densities. Our finding rules out photoevaporation and
fragmentation of infalling filaments as substantial pathways for brown dwarf
formation.


  Deep transfer learning using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance
imaging (DCE-MRI) has shown strong predictive power in characterization of
breast lesions. However, pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
require 2D inputs, limiting the ability to exploit the rich 4D (volumetric and
temporal) image information inherent in DCE-MRI that is clinically valuable for
lesion assessment. Training 3D CNNs from scratch, a common method to utilize
high-dimensional information in medical images, is computationally expensive
and is not best suited for moderately sized healthcare datasets. Therefore, we
propose a novel approach using transfer learning that incorporates the 4D
information from DCE-MRI, where volumetric information is collapsed at feature
level by max pooling along the projection perpendicular to the transverse
slices and the temporal information is contained either in second-post contrast
subtraction images. Our methodology yielded an area under the receiver
operating characteristic curve of 0.89+/-0.01 on a dataset of 1161 breast
lesions, significantly outperforming a previous approach that incorporates the
4D information in DCE-MRI by the use of maximum intensity projection (MIP)
images.


  In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate and characterize spatial
variations on dies or wafers. This new technique exploits recent developments
in matrix completion, enabling estimation of spatial variation across wafers or
dies with a small number of randomly picked sampling points while still
achieving fairly high accuracy. This new approach can be easily generalized,
including for estimation of mixed spatial and structure or device type
information.


  Conductance quantization was measured in submicron constrictions of PbTe,
patterned into narrow,12 nm wide quantum wells deposited between
Pb$_{0.92}$Eu$_{0.08}$Te barriers. Because the quantum confinement imposed by
the barriers is much stronger than the lateral one, the one-dimensional
electron energy level structure is very similar to that usually met in
constrictions of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures. However, in contrast to any
other system studied so far, we observe precise conductance quantization in
$2e^2/h$ units, {\it despite of significant amount of charged defects in the
vicinity of the constriction}. We show that such extraordinary results is a
consequence of the paraelectric properties of PbTe, namely, the suppression of
long-range tails of the Coulomb potentials due to the huge dielectric constant.


  It was proved by Chern, Hirzebruch and Serre that the signature of a fibre
bundle is multiplicative if the fundamental group of the base acts trivially on
the cohomology ring of the fibre with real coefficients, in which case the
signature of the total space equals the product of the signatures of base and
fibre. Hambleton, Korzeniewski and Ranicki proved that in any case the
signature is multiplicative modulo 4. In this paper we present two results
concerning the multiplicativity modulo 8: firstly we identify the obstruction
to multiplicativity modulo 8 with the Arf-Kervaire invariant of a Pontryagin
squaring operation. Furthermore, we prove that if the fibre is even-dimensional
and the action of the fundamental group of the base is trivial on the middle
cohomology of the fibre with $\mathbb{Z}_4$ coefficients, then this
Arf-Kervaire invariant takes value 0 and hence the signature is multiplicative
modulo 8.


  In Mexico, the educative reform that has been taking effect gradually in the
secondary school education from 2005, has eliminated some subjects and created
other that they concentrate in a single degree of studies the themes of the
basic education, waking up changes that represent a challenge for teachers, who
besides are adapted to new academic loads, they face an approach different in
the treatment from the new themes. Beyond the conflicts that all reform can
generate, the present paper is not a political or social analysis, but it
approaches some differences between authorities of Secretaria de Educacion
Publica (Public Education Secretary) and teachers, studying the implications of
the new curriculum of Sciences II (Physics). Additionally, it is considers the
design of didactic sequences to teach some physical concepts in the secondary
school by active learning.


  We present a comprehensive study of the rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud that
addresses aspects of the physical structure and condition of the molecular
cloud and its photodissociation region (PDR) by combining far-infrared and
submillimeter-wave observations with a wide range of angular scale and
resolution. We present 40'x40' maps in CO(4-3) and [CI](3P1-3P0) line emission
from the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO), and
pointed observations in the CO(7-6) and [CI](3P2-3P1) lines. Within, smaller
spectral line maps of the cloud in CO, CS, HCO+ and their rare isotopomers are
made at the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope Observatory (HHT) in
Arizona. Comparison with far-infrared and submillimeter continuum emission, and
near-infrared H2 emission allows clearer determination of the physical and
chemical structure of the rho Oph photodissociation region (PDR). The
excitation conditions needed to produce the observed HCO+ and [OI] emission
directly imply inhomogeneous structure. Strong chemical gradients are observed
in HCO+ and CS; the former is ascribed to a local enhancement in the H2
ionization rate, the latter is principally due to shocks. The distribution of
[CI] is very similar to C18O, and generally consistent with illumination from
the 'far' side of the cloud. A notable exception is found at the the western
edge of the cloud, where UV photons create a PDR viewed `edge-on'. The
abundance of atomic carbon is accurately modeled using a radiation field that
decreases with increasing projected distance from the exciting star HD147889.
In contrast to conclusions of other studies, we find that no non-equilibrium
chemistry is needed to enhance the atomic carbon abundance.


  The success of quantum optimal control for both experimental and theoretical
objectives is connected to the topology of the corresponding control
landscapes, which are free from local traps if three conditions are met: (1)
the quantum system is controllable, (2) the Jacobian of the map from the
control field to the evolution operator is of full rank, and (3) there are no
constraints on the control field. This paper investigates how the violation of
assumption (3) affects gradient searches for globally optimal control fields.
The satisfaction of assumptions (1) and (2) ensures that the control landscape
lacks fundamental traps, but certain control constraints can still introduce
artificial traps. Proper management of these constraints is an issue of great
practical importance for numerical simulations as well as optimization in the
laboratory. Using optimal control simulations, we show that constraints on
quantities such as the number of control variables, the control duration, and
the field strength are potentially severe enough to prevent successful
optimization of the objective. For each such constraint, we show that exceeding
quantifiable limits can prevent gradient searches from reaching a globally
optimal solution. These results demonstrate that careful choice of relevant
control parameters helps to eliminate artificial traps and facilitate
successful optimization.


  We initiate the study of compact group actions on C*-algebras from the
perspective of model theory, and present several applications to C*-dynamics.
Firstly, we prove that the continuous part of the central sequence algebra of a
strongly self-absorbing action is indistinguishable from the continuous part of
the sequence algebra, and in fact equivariantly isomorphic under the Continuum
Hypothesis. As another application, we present a unified approach to several
dimensional inequalities in C*-algebras, which is done through the notion of
order zero dimension for an (equivariant) *-homomorphism. Finiteness of the
order zero dimension implies that the dimension of the target algebra can be
bounded by the dimension of the domain. The dimension can be, among others,
decomposition rank, nuclear dimension, or Rokhlin dimension. As a consequence,
we obtain new inequalities for these quantities.
  As a third application we obtain the following result: if a C*-algebra $A$
absorbs a strongly self-absorbing C*-algebra $D$, and $\alpha $ is an action of
a compact group $G$ on $A$ with finite Rokhlin dimension with commuting towers,
then $\alpha $ absorbs any strongly self-absorbing action of $G$ on $% D$. This
has a number of interesting consequences, already in the case of the trivial
action on $D$. For example, we deduce that $D$-stability passes from $A$ to the
crossed product. Additionally, in many cases of interest, our result restricts
the possible values of the Rokhlin dimension to $0, 1$ and $\infty$, showing a
striking parallel to the behavior of the nuclear dimension for simple
C*-algebras. We also show that an action of a finite group with finite Rokhlin
dimension with commuting towers automatically has the Rokhlin property if the
algebra is UHF-absorbing.


  Mutual exclusion (ME) is a commonly used technique to handle conflicts in
concurrent systems. With recent advancements in non-volatile memory technology,
there is an increased focus on the problem of recoverable mutual exclusion
(RME), a special case of ME where processes can fail and recover. However, in
order to ensure that the problem of RME is also of practical interest, and not
just a theoretical one, memory reclamation poses as a major obstacle in several
RME algorithms. Often RME algorithms need to allocate memory dynamically, which
increases the memory footprint of the algorithm over time. These algorithms are
typically not equipped with suitable garbage collection due to concurrency and
failures.
  In this work, we present the first "general" recoverable algorithm for memory
reclamation in the context of recoverable mutual exclusion. Our algorithm can
be plugged into any RME algorithm very easily and preserves all correctness
property and most desirable properties of the algorithm. The space overhead of
our algorithm is $\mathcal{O}(n^2 * sizeof(node)\ )$, where $n$ is the total
number of processes in the system. In terms of remote memory references (RMRs),
our algorithm is RMR-optimal, i.e, it has a constant RMR overhead per passage.
Our RMR and space complexities are applicable to both $CC$ and $DSM$ memory
models.


  In this paper, we consider the service caching and the computing resource
allocation in edge computing (EC) enabled networks. We introduce a random
service caching design considering multiple types of latency sensitive services
and the base stations (BSs)' service caching storage. We then derive a
successful service probability (SSP). We also formulate a SSP maximization
problem subject to the service caching distribution and the computing resource
allocation. Then, we show that the optimization problem is nonconvex and
develop a novel algorithm to obtain the stationary point of the SSP
maximization problem by adopting the parallel successive convex approximation
(SCA). Moreover, to further reduce the computational complexity, we also
provide a low complex algorithm that can obtain the near-optimal solution of
the SSP maximization problem in high computing capability region. Finally, from
numerical simulations, we show that proposed solutions achieve higher SSP than
baseline schemes. Moreover, we show that the near-optimal solution achieves
reliable performance in the high computing capability region. We also explore
the impacts of target delays, a BSs' service cache size, and an EC servers'
computing capability on the SSP.


  We introduce a neural reading comprehension model that integrates external
commonsense knowledge, encoded as a key-value memory, in a cloze-style setting.
Instead of relying only on document-to-question interaction or discrete
features as in prior work, our model attends to relevant external knowledge and
combines this knowledge with the context representation before inferring the
answer. This allows the model to attract and imply knowledge from an external
knowledge source that is not explicitly stated in the text, but that is
relevant for inferring the answer. Our model improves results over a very
strong baseline on a hard Common Nouns dataset, making it a strong competitor
of much more complex models. By including knowledge explicitly, our model can
also provide evidence about the background knowledge used in the RC process.


  Electricity price forecasting (EPF) plays a major role for electricity
companies as a fundamental entry for trading decisions or energy management
operations. As electricity can not be stored, electricity prices are highly
volatile which make EPF a particularly difficult task. This is all the more
true when dramatic fortuitous events disrupt the markets. Trading and more
generally energy management decisions require risk management tools which are
based on probabilistic EPF (PEPF). In this challenging context, we argue in
favor of the deployment of highly adaptive black-boxes strategies allowing to
turn any forecasts into a robust adaptive predictive interval, such as
conformal prediction and online aggregation, as a fundamental last layer of any
operational pipeline.
  We propose to investigate a novel data set containing the French electricity
spot prices during the turbulent 2020-2021 years, and build a new explanatory
feature revealing high predictive power, namely the nuclear availability.
Benchmarking state-of-the-art PEPF on this data set highlights the difficulty
of choosing a given model, as they all behave very differently in practice, and
none of them is reliable. However, we propose an adequate conformalisation,
OSSCP-horizon, that improves the performances of PEPF methods, even in the most
hazardous period of late 2021. Finally, we emphasize that combining it with
online aggregation significantly outperforms any other approaches, and should
be the preferred pipeline, as it provides trustworthy probabilistic forecasts.


  We introduce the notion of a {\it mock tridiagonal system}. This is a
generalization of a tridiagonal system in which the irreducibility assumption
is replaced by a certain non-vanishing condition. We show how mock tridiagonal
systems can be used to construct tridiagonal systems that meet certain
specifications. This paper is part of our ongoing project to classify the
tridiagonal systems up to isomorphism.


  Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of streaming
algorithms for analyzing massive graphs. Unfortunately, many results have been
negative, establishing that a wide variety of problems require $\Omega(n^2)$
space to solve. One of the few bright spots has been the development of
semi-streaming algorithms for a handful of graph problems -- these algorithms
use space $O(n\cdot\text{polylog}(n))$.
  In the annotated data streaming model of Chakrabarti et al., a
computationally limited client wants to compute some property of a massive
input, but lacks the resources to store even a small fraction of the input, and
hence cannot perform the desired computation locally. The client therefore
accesses a powerful but untrusted service provider, who not only performs the
requested computation, but also proves that the answer is correct.
  We put forth the notion of semi-streaming algorithms for annotated graph
streams (semi-streaming annotation schemes for short). These are protocols in
which both the client's space usage and the length of the proof are $O(n \cdot
\text{polylog}(n))$. We give evidence that semi-streaming annotation schemes
represent a substantially more robust solution concept than does the standard
semi-streaming model. On the positive side, we give semi-streaming annotation
schemes for two dynamic graph problems that are intractable in the standard
model: (exactly) counting triangles, and (exactly) computing maximum matchings.
The former scheme answers a question of Cormode. On the negative side, we
identify for the first time two natural graph problems (connectivity and
bipartiteness in a certain edge update model) that can be solved in the
standard semi-streaming model, but cannot be solved by annotation schemes of
"sub-semi-streaming" cost. That is, these problems are just as hard in the
annotations model as they are in the standard model.


  The full set of polynomial solutions of the nested Bethe Ansatz is
constructed for the case of A_2 rational spin chain. The structure and
properties of these associated solutions are more various then in the case of
usual XXX (A_1) spin chain but their role is similar.


  It was recently shown that nonsymmorphic space group symmetries can protect
novel surface states with hourglass-like dispersions. In this paper, we show
that such dispersions can also appear in the bulk of three-dimensional (3D)
systems which respect nonsymmorphic symmetries. Specifically, we construct 3D
lattice models featuring hourglass-like dispersions in the bulk, which are
protected by nonsymmorphic and time-reversal symmetries. We call such systems
hourglass semimetals, as they have point or line nodes associated with
hourglass-like dispersions. Hourglass nodal lines appear in glide-invariant
planes, while hourglass Weyl points can occur on screw-invariant axes. The Weyl
points and surface Fermi arcs in hourglass Weyl semimetals are stable against
weak perturbations breaking those nonsymmorphic symmetries. Our results may
shed light on searching for exotic Weyl semimetals in nonsymmorphic materials.


  The possible influence of creaming during the measurement of the aggregation
rate of dodecane-in-water nanoemul- sions stabilized with Brij 30 is explored.
For this purpose additional emulsions made with a neutral-buoyancy oil (bro-
mo-dodecane) and mixtures of dodecane and Br-dodecane with squalene were
synthesized. It is concluded that when the effect of ripening is suppressed,
the influence of buoyancy on the evaluation of the flocculation rate is
negligible. In the absence of squalene, ripening is present, and a sizeable
difference in the flocculation rate of dodecane and bro- mo-dodecane is
observed. However, this difference is not caused by the effect of gravity.


  We make extensive numerical studies of masses and radii of proto-neutron
stars during the first second after their birth in core-collapse supernova
events. We use a quasi-static approach for the computation of proto-neutron
star structure, built on parameterized entropy and electron fraction profiles,
that are then evolved with neutrino cooling processes. We vary the equation of
state of nuclear matter, the proto-neutron star mass and the parameters of the
initial profiles, to take into account our ignorance of the supernova
progenitor properties. We show that if masses and radii of a proto-neutron star
can be determined in the first second after the birth, e.g. from gravitational
wave emission, no information could be obtained on the corresponding cold
neutron star and therefore on the cold nuclear equation of state. Similarly, it
seems unlikely that any property of the proto-neutron star equation of state
(hot and not beta-equilibrated) could be determined either, mostly due to the
lack of information on the entropy, or equivalently temperature, distribution
in such objects.


  Pragmatics and non-literal language understanding are essential to human
communication, and present a long-standing challenge for artificial language
models. We perform a fine-grained comparison of language models and humans on
seven pragmatic phenomena, using zero-shot prompting on an expert-curated set
of English materials. We ask whether models (1) select pragmatic
interpretations of speaker utterances, (2) make similar error patterns as
humans, and (3) use similar linguistic cues as humans to solve the tasks. We
find that the largest models achieve high accuracy and match human error
patterns: within incorrect responses, models favor literal interpretations over
heuristic-based distractors. We also find preliminary evidence that models and
humans are sensitive to similar linguistic cues. Our results suggest that
pragmatic behaviors can emerge in models without explicitly constructed
representations of mental states. However, models tend to struggle with
phenomena relying on social expectation violations.


  This paper considers metric balls $B(p,R)$ in two dimensional Riemannian
manifolds when $R$ is less than half the convexity radius. We prove that
$Area(B(p,R)) \geq \frac{8}{\pi}R^2$. This inequality has long been conjectured
for $R$ less than half the injectivity radius. This result also yields the
upper bound $\mu_2(B(p,R)) \leq 2(\frac{\pi}{2 R})^2$ on the first nonzero
Neumann eigenvalue $\mu_2$ of the Laplacian in terms only of the radius. This
has also been conjectured for $R$ up to half the injectivity radius.


  We establish the exact renormalization group equation for the potential of a
one quantum particle system at finite and zero temperature. As an example we
use it to compute the ground state energy of the anharmonic oscillator. We
comment on an improvement of the Feynman Kleinert's variational method by the
renormalization group.


  The electronic structures of a variety of experimentally identified gold and
silver nanoclusters from 20 to 246 atoms, either unprotected or protected by
several types of ligands, are characterized by using point group specific
symmetry analysis. The delocalized electron states around the HOMO-LUMO energy
gap, originating from the metal s-electrons in the cluster core, show symmetry
characteristics according to the point group that describes best the atomic
arrangement of the core. This indicates strong effects of the lattice structure
and overall shape of the metal core to the electronic structure, which cannot
be captured by the conventional analysis based on identification of spherical
angular momentum shells in the superatom model. The symmetry analysis discussed
in this paper is free from any restrictions regarding shape or structure of the
metal core, and is shown to be superior to the conventional spherical harmonics
analysis for any symmetry that is lower than Ih. As an immediate application,
we also demonstrate that it is possible to reach considerable savings in
computational time by using the symmetry information inside a conventional
linear-response calculation for the optical absorption spectrum of the Ag55
cluster anion, without any loss in accuracy of the computed spectrum. Our work
demonstrates an efficient way to analyze the electronic structure of
non-spherical, but atomically ordered nanocrystals and ligand-protected
clusters with nanocrystal metal cores and it can be viewed as the
generalization of the superatom model demonstrated for spherical shapes ten
years ago (Walter et al., PNAS 2008, 105, 9157).


  We report on our continued efforts to understand and delineate the magnetic
dynamo-induced behavior/variability of red dwarf (K5 V - M6 V) stars over their
long lifetimes. These properties include: rotation, light variations (from star
spots), coronal-chromospheric XUV activity and flares. This study is being
carried out as part of the NSF-sponsored Living with a Red Dwarf program. The
Living with a Red Dwarf program's database of dM stars with photometrically
determined rotation rates (from starspot modulations) continues to expand, as
does the inventory of archival XUV observations. When all data sets are
combined with ages from cluster/population memberships and kinematics, the
determination of Age-Rotation-Activity relationships is possible. Such
relationships have broad impacts not only on the studies of magnetic dynamo
theory & angular momentum loss of low-mass stars with deep convective zones,
but also on the suitability of planets hosted by red dwarfs to support life.
With intrinsically low luminosities (L < 0.02L_sun), the liquid water habitable
zones (HZs) for hosted planets are very close to their host stars - typically
at ~0.1-0.4 AU. Planets located close to their host stars risk damage and
atmospheric loss from coronal & chromospheric XUV radiation, flares and plasma
blasts via strong winds and coronal mass ejections. In addition, our
relationships permit the stellar ages to be determined through measures of
either the stars' rotation periods (best way) or XUV activity levels. This also
permits a determination of the ages of their hosted planets. We illustrate this
with examples of age determinations of the exoplanet systems: GJ 581 and HD
85512 (both with large Earth-size planets within the host star's HZ), GJ 1214
(hot, close-in transiting super-Earth planet) and HD 189733 (short period,
hot-Jupiter planet interacting with its host star - age from its dM4 star
companion).


  We use a transfer-matrix method to study the localization properties of
vibrations in a `mass and spring' model with simple cubic lattice structure.
Disorder is applied as a box-distribution to the force-constants $k$ of the
springs. We obtain the reduced localization lengths $\Lambda_M$ from calculated
Lyapunov exponents for different system widths to roughly locate the squared
critical transition frequency $\omega_{\text{c}}^2$. The data is finite-size
scaled to acquire the squared critical transition frequency of
$\omega_{\text{c}}^2 = 12.54 \pm 0.03$ and a critical exponent of $\nu = 1.55
\pm 0.002$.


  If Micro Black Holes (MBHs) can be produced at the LHC, they will decay very
fast. We study hypothetical MBHs that do not decay; in particular, QCD effects
on accretion by MBHs that are produced at rest. We explain why accretion of a
nucleon by such MBHs is associated with pion emission. This pion emission
results in a kick to the MBHs, such that their velocities are large enough to
escape the Earth. Our study provides an extra assurance that MBHs which might
be produced at the LHC are not dangerous.


  By performing ideal magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations with weak
vertical magnetic fields in unstratified cylindrical shearing boxes with
modified boundary treatment, we investigate MHD turbulence excited by
magnetorotational instability. The cylindrical simulation exhibits extremely
large temporal variation in the magnetic activity compared to the simulation in
a normal Cartesian shearing box, although the time-averaged field strengths are
comparable in the cylindrical and Cartesian setups. Detailed analysis of the
terms describing magnetic-energy evolution with "triangle diagrams"
surprisingly reveals that in the cylindrical simulation the compression of
toroidal magnetic field is unexpectedly as important as the winding due to
differential rotation in amplifying magnetic fields and triggering intermittent
magnetic bursts, which are not seen in the Cartesian simulation. The importance
of the compressible amplification is also true for a cylindrical simulation
with tiny curvature; the evolution of magnetic fields in the nearly Cartesian
shearing box simulation is fundamentally different from that in the exact
Cartesian counterpart. The radial gradient of epicycle frequency, $\kappa$,
which cannot be considered in the normal Cartesian shearing box model, is the
cause of this fundamental difference. An additional consequence of the spatial
variation of $\kappa$ is continuous and ubiquitous formation of narrow
high(low)-density and weak(strong)-field localized structures; seeds of these
ring-gap structures are created by the compressible effect and subsequently
amplified and maintained under the marginally unstable condition regarding
"viscous-type" instability.


  Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) has been haunted by the need of pinning
down memory regions. Pinning limits the memory utilization because it impedes
on-demand paging and swapping. It also increases the initialization latency of
large memory applications from seconds to minutes. To remove memory pining,
existing approaches often require special hardware which supports page fault,
and still have inferior performance. We propose NP-RDMA, which removes memory
pinning during memory registration and enables dynamic page fault handling with
commodity RDMA NICs. NP-RDMA does not require NICs to support page fault.
Instead, by monitoring local memory paging and swapping with MMU-notifier,
combining with IOMMU/SMMU-based address mapping, NP-RDMA efficiently detects
and handles page fault in the software with near-zero additional latency to
non-page-fault RDMA verbs. We implement an LD_PRELOAD library (with a modified
kernel module), which is fully compatible with existing RDMA applications.
Experiments show that NP-RDMA adds only 0.1{\sim}2 {\mu}s latency under
non-page-fault scenarios. Moreover, NP-RDMA adds only 3.5{\sim}5.7 {\mu}s and
60 {\mu}s under minor or major page faults, respectively, which is 500x faster
than ODP which uses advanced NICs that support page fault. With non-pinned
memory, Spark initialization is 20x faster and the physical memory usage
reduces by 86% with only 5.4% slowdown. Enterprise storage can expand to 5x
capacity with SSDs while the average latency is only 10% higher. To the best of
our knowledge, NP-RDMA is the first efficient and application-transparent
software approach to remove memory pinning using commodity RDMA NICs.


  Function-on-function linear regression is important for understanding the
relationship between the response and the predictor that are both functions. In
this article, we propose a reproducing kernel Hilbert space approach to
function-on-function linear regressionvia the penalised least square,
regularized by the thin-plate spline smoothness penalty. The minimax optimal
convergence rate of our estimator of the coefficient function is studied. We
derive the Bahadur representation, which allows us to propose statistical
inference methods using bootstrap and the convergence of Banach-valued random
variables in the sup-norm. We illustrate our method and verify our theoretical
results via simulated data experiments and a real data example.


  V4332 Sgr is a red optical transient that erupted in 1994. It is generally
considered to have been due to a stellar merger similar to V838 Mon and V1309
Sco. I obtained optical images of the site with HST in 2014. The images resolve
the dusty ejecta, with dimensions of about 0.53 x 0.42 arcsec; these are
approximately consistent with expectation if the ejecta were launched in 1994.
The size and morphology of the optical nebula are similar to those seen in
recent ALMA and SMA maps of CO emission. The Gaia DR2 parallax of V4332 Sgr has
a large uncertainty. However, I point out a 12th-mag star 10 arcsec south of
V4332 Sgr that has a DR2 proper motion and radial velocity similar to those of
the transient; its distance is 1.63 kpc. If V4332 Sgr is a physical companion
of this star, its absolute visual magnitude at maximum was only -3.6.


  Let $S$ be a regular surface endowed with a very ample line bundle $\mathcal
O_S(h_S)$. Taking inspiration from a very recent result by D. Faenzi on $K3$
surfaces, we prove that if $\mathcal O_S(h_S)$ satisfies a short list of
technical conditions, then such a polarized surface supports special Ulrich
bundles of rank $2$. As applications, we deal with general embeddings of
regular surfaces, pluricanonically embedded regular surfaces and some properly
elliptic surfaces of low degree in $\mathbb P^N$. Finally, we also discuss
about the size of the families of Ulrich bundles on $S$ and we inspect the
existence of special Ulrich bundles on surfaces of low degree.


  The present work concerns the Asteroseismology of the Kepler detached
eclipsing binary KIC 8504570. Particularly, it focuses on the pulsational
behaviour of the oscillating component of this system and the estimation of its
physical parameters in order to enrich the so far poor sample of this kind of
systems. Using spectroscopic observations, the spectral type of the primary
component was determined and used to create accurate light curves models and
estimate its absolute parameters. The light curve residuals were subsequently
analysed using Fourier transformation techniques to obtain the pulsation
models. Theoretical models of $\delta$ Scuti stars were employed to identify
the oscillation modes of the six detected independent frequencies of the
pulsator. In addition, more than 385 combination frequencies were also
detected. The absolute and the pulsational properties of the $\delta$ Scuti
star of this system are discussed and compared with all the currently known
similar cases. Moreover, using a recent (empirical) luminosity-pulsation period
relationship for $\delta$ Scuti stars, the distance of the system was
estimated.


  In this study, we introduce a novel shared-control system for key-hole
docking operations, combining a commercial camera with occlusion-robust pose
estimation and a hand-eye information fusion technique. This system is used to
enhance docking precision and force-compliance safety. To train a hand-eye
information fusion network model, we generated a self-supervised dataset using
this docking system. After training, our pose estimation method showed improved
accuracy compared to traditional methods, including observation-only
approaches, hand-eye calibration, and conventional state estimation filters. In
real-world phantom experiments, our approach demonstrated its effectiveness
with reduced position dispersion (1.23\pm 0.81 mm vs. 2.47 \pm 1.22 mm) and
force dispersion (0.78\pm 0.57 N vs. 1.15 \pm 0.97 N) compared to the control
group. These advancements in semi-autonomy co-manipulation scenarios enhance
interaction and stability. The study presents an anti-interference, steady, and
precision solution with potential applications extending beyond laparoscopic
surgery to other minimally invasive procedures.


  We consider an optimization problem posed by an actual newspaper company,
which consists of computing a minimum length route for a delivery truck, such
that the driver only stops at street crossings, each time delivering copies to
all customers adjacent to the crossing. This can be modeled as an abstract
problem that takes an unweighted simple graph $G = (V, E)$ and a subset of
edges $X$ and asks for a shortest cycle, not necessarily simple, such that
every edge of $X$ has an endpoint in the cycle.
  We show that the decision version of the problem is strongly NP-complete,
even if $G$ is a grid graph. Regarding approximate solutions, we show that the
general case of the problem is APX-hard, and thus no PTAS is possible unless P
$=$ NP. Despite the hardness of approximation, we show that given any
$\alpha$-approximation algorithm for metric TSP, we can build a
$3\alpha$-approximation algorithm for our optimization problem, yielding a
concrete $9/2$-approximation algorithm.
  The grid case is of particular importance, because it models a city map or
some part of it. A usual scenario is having some neighborhood full of
customers, which translates as an instance of the abstract problem where almost
every edge of $G$ is in $X$. We model this property as $|E - X| = o(|E|)$, and
for these instances we give a $(3/2 + \varepsilon)$-approximation algorithm,
for any $\varepsilon > 0$, provided that the grid is sufficiently big.


  If ${\cal H}=(V,{\cal E})$ is a hypergraph, its edge intersection hypergraph
$EI({\cal H})=(V,{\cal E}^{EI})$ has the edge set ${\cal E}^{EI}=\{e_1 \cap e_2
\ |\ e_1, e_2 \in {\cal E} \ \wedge \ e_1 \neq e_2 \ \wedge \ |e_1 \cap e_2
|\geq 2\}$. In the present paper, we consider 4- and 5-uniform hypergraphs
${\cal H}$, respectively, with $EI({\cal H}) = C_n$. Our results fill the gap
between the 3- and the 6-uniform case considered in arXiv:1902.00396.


  We relate non integer powers ${\mathcal L}^{s}$, $s>0$ of a given (unbounded)
positive self-adjoint operator $\mathcal L$ in a real separable Hilbert space
$\mathcal H$ with a certain differential operator of order $2\lceil{s}\rceil$,
acting on even curves $\mathbb R\to \mathcal H$. This extends the results by
Caffarelli--Silvestre and Stinga--Torrea regarding the characterization of
fractional powers of differential operators via an extension problem.


  We study the dynamics of smooth interval maps with non-flat critical points.
For every such a map that is topologically exact, we establish the full
(level-2) Large Deviation Principle for empirical means. In particular, the
Large Deviation Principle holds for every non\nobreakdash-renormalizable
quadratic map. This includes the maps without physical measure found by
Hofbauer and Keller, and challenges the widely-shared view of the Large
Deviation Principle as a refinement of laws of large numbers.


  Quantum computing may offer the opportunity to simulate strongly-interacting
field theories, such as quantum chromodynamics, with physical time evolution.
This would give access to Minkowski-signature correlators, in contrast to the
Euclidean calculations routinely performed at present. However, as with
present-day calculations, quantum computation strategies still require the
restriction to a finite system size, including a finite, usually periodic,
spatial volume. In this work, we investigate the consequences of this in the
extraction of hadronic and Compton-like scattering amplitudes. Using the
framework presented in Phys. Rev. D101 014509 (2020), we quantify the volume
effects for various $1+1$D Minkowski-signature quantities and show that these
can be a significant source of systematic uncertainty, even for volumes that
are very large by the standards of present-day Euclidean calculations. We then
present an improvement strategy, based in the fact that the finite volume has a
reduced symmetry. This implies that kinematic points, which yield the same
Lorentz invariants, may still be physically distinct in the finite-volume
system. As we demonstrate, both numerically and analytically, averaging over
such sets can significantly suppress the unwanted volume distortions and
improve the extraction of the physical scattering amplitudes.


  We present 870 micron images of four low metallicity galaxies (NGC1705,
Haro11, Mrk1089 and UM311) observed with the Large APEX BOlometer CAmera
(LABOCA). We model their spectral energy distributions combining the submm
observations of LABOCA, 2MASS, IRAS, Spitzer photometric data and the IRS data
for Haro11. We find that a significant mass of dust is revealed when using
submm constraints compared to that measured with only mid-IR to far-IR
observations extending only to 160 microns. For NGC1705 and Haro11, an excess
in submillimeter wavelengths is detected and we rerun our SED procedure adding
a cold dust component (10K) to better describe the high 870 micron flux derived
from LABOCA observations, which significantly improves the fit. We find that at
least 70% of the dust mass of these two galaxies can reside in a cold dust
component. We also show that the subsequent dust-to-gas mass ratios,
considering HI and CO observations, can be strikingly high for Haro11 in
comparison with what is usually expected for these low-metallicity
environments. Furthermore, we derive the SFR of our galaxies and compare them
to the Schmidt law. Haro11 falls anomalously far from the Schmidt relation.
These results may suggest that a reservoir of hidden gas could be present in
molecular form not traced by the current CO observations. We also derive the
total IR luminosities derived from our models and compare them with relations
that derive this luminosity from Spitzer bands. We find that the Draine & Li
(2007) formula compares well to our direct IR determinations.


  Unimodular/Phase only sequence having impulse like aperiodic auto-correlation
function plays a central role in the applications of RADAR, SONAR,
Cryptography, and Wireless (CDMA) Communication Systems. In this paper, we
propose a fast iterative algorithm to design phase only sequences of arbitrary
lengths by minimizing the Integrated Side-lobe Level (ISL) metric, which is
very closely related to the auto-correlation property of a sequence. The ISL
minimization problem is solved iteratively by using the
Majorization-Minimization (MM) technique, which ensures a monotonic convergence
to the stationary minimum point. To highlight the performance of a proposed
algorithm, we conduct the numerical experiments for different sequence lengths
using different initializations and also compare them with the existing
algorithms. Numerical simulations show that irrespective of the sequence length
and initialization, the proposed algorithm is performing better than the
state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of speed of convergence. We also show a
computationally efficient way to implement our proposed algorithm by using the
FFT and IFFT operations.


  Observations of type II supernova early light, from breakout until
recombination, can be used to constrain the explosion energy and progenitor
properties. Currently available for this purpose are purely analytic models,
which are accurate only to within an order of magnitude, and detailed numerical
simulations, which are more accurate but are applied to any event separately.
In this paper we derive an analytic model that is calibrated by numerical
simulations. This model is much more accurate than previous analytic models,
yet it is as simple to use. To derive the model we analyze simulated light
curves from numerical explosion of $124$ red supergiant progenitors, calculated
using the stellar evolution code MESA. We find that although the structure of
the progenitors we consider varies, the resulting light curves can be described
rather well based only on the explosion energy, ejecta mass and progenitor
radius. Our calibrated analytic model, which is based on these three
parameters, reproduces the bolometric luminosity within $25\%-35\%$ accuracy
and the observed temperature within $15\%$ accuracy (compared to previous
analytic models which are indeed found to be accurate only to within an order
of magnitude). We also consider deviations of the early time spectrum from
blackbody, and find that the Rayleigh-Jeans regime is slightly shallower
(roughly $L_\nu \propto \nu^{1.4}$). This modified spectrum affects the
optical/near-UV light curve mostly during the first day when the typical
observed temperature is $\gg 10^4 ~^\circ$K. We use our results to study the
optical and near-UV early light curves from first light until recombination and
briefly discuss what can be learned from current and future observations. Light
curves generated using our calibrated model can be downloaded at
http://www.astro.tau.ac.il/~tomersh/.


  We have obtained multi-epoch observations of 31 O-type stars in the Carina
Nebula using the CHIRON spectrograph on the CTIO/SMARTS 1.5-m telescope. We
measure their radial velocities to 1--2 km s$^{-1}$ precision and present new
or updated orbital solutions for the binary systems HD 92607, HD 93576, HDE
303312, and HDE 305536. We also compile radial velocities from the literature
for 32 additional O-type and evolved massive stars in the region. The combined
data set shows a mean heliocentric radial velocity of 0.6 km s$^{-1}$. We
calculate a velocity dispersion of $\le9.1$ km s$^{-1}$, consistent with an
unbound, substructured OB association. The Tr 14 cluster shows a marginally
significant 5 km s$^{-1}$ radial velocity offset from its neighbor Tr 16, but
there are otherwise no correlations between stellar position and velocity. The
O-type stars in Cr 228 and the South Pillars region have a lower velocity
dispersion than the region as a whole, supporting a model of distributed
massive-star formation rather than migration from the central clusters. We
compare our stellar velocities to the Carina Nebula's molecular gas and find
that Tr 14 shows a close kinematic association with the Northern Cloud. In
contrast, Tr 16 has accelerated the Southern Cloud by 10--15 km s$^{-1}$,
possibly triggering further massive-star formation. The expansion of the
surrounding H II region is not symmetric about the O-type stars in radial
velocity space, indicating that the ionized gas is constrained by denser
material on the far side.


  For a geodesic ball with non-negative Ricci curvature and mean convex
boundary, it is known that the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of this geodesic ball
has a sharp lower bound in term of its radius. We show a quantitative explicit
inequality, which bounds the width of geodesic ball in terms of the spectral
gap between the first Dirichlet eigenvalue and the corresponding sharp lower
bound.


  Electroconvection and its coupling with a morphological instability are
important in many applications, including electrodialysis, batteries and fuel
cells. In this work, we study the effects of a two-dimensional channel flow on
the electroconvective and morphological instabilities using two approaches. In
the bulk analysis, we consider the instability of the electroneutral bulk
region driven by a second kind electroosmosis slip velocity boundary condition
and derive the asymptotic solutions for small and large wavenumbers. In the
full analysis, we consider the entire region of the liquid electrolyte and use
the ultraspherical spectral method to numerically solve the eigenvalue
problems. Both studies show that the imposed flow significantly affects the
electroconvective instability. The imposed flow generates a shielding effect by
deforming the perturbed ion concentration field and hinders the ion transfer
from low- to high- concentration regions which causes the instability. It fully
suppresses the electroconvective instability at small wavenumbers and reduces
the growth rate of the perturbations at large wavenumbers. The direct effect of
the flow on the morphological instability is minor, while the suppression of
the electroconvective instability may change the wavenumber of the most
unstable mode of the coupled instabilities. For the electroconvective
instability, the bulk analysis is qualitatively different from the full
analysis at high wavenumbers. For the morphological instability, good agreement
is found between the two studies at both small and large wavenumbers.


  We report the detailed electronic structure of a hole-doped delafossite oxide
CuCr_{1-x}Mg_{x}O_{2} (0 <= x <= 0.03) studied by photoemission spectroscopy
(PES), soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and band-structure
calculations within the local-density approximation +U (LDA+U) scheme. Cr/Cu
3p-3d resonant PES reveals that the near-Fermi-level leading structure has
primarily the Cr 3d character with a minor contribution from the Cu 3d through
Cu 3d-O 2p-Cr 3d hybridization, having good agreement with the band-structure
calculations. This indicates that a doped hole will have primarily the Cr 3d
character. Cr 2p PES and L-edge XAS spectra exhibit typical Cr^{3+} features
for all x, while the Cu L-edge XAS spectra exhibited a systematic change with
x. This indicates now that the Cu valence is monovalent at x=0 and the doped
hole should have Cu 3d character. Nevertheless, we surprisingly observed two
types of charge-transfer satellites that should be attributed to Cu^{+}
(3d^{10}) and Cu^{2+} (3d^{9}) like initial states in Cu 2p-3d resonant PES
spectrum for at x=0, while Cu 2p PES spectra with no doubt shows the Cu^{+}
character even for the lightly doped samples. We propose that these
contradictory results can be understood by introducing no only the Cu 4s state,
but also finite Cu 3d,4s-Cr 3d charge transfer via O 2p states in the
ground-state electronic configuration.


  In this paper we study non-linear noise excitation for the following class of
space-time fractional stochastic equations in bounded domains:
$$\partial^\beta_tu_t(x)=-\nu(-\Delta)^{\alpha/2} u_t(x)+I^{1-\beta}_t[\lambda
\sigma(u)\stackrel{\cdot}{F}(t,x)]$$ in $(d+1)$ dimensions, where $\nu>0,
\beta\in (0,1)$, $\alpha\in (0,2]$. The operator $\partial^\beta_t$ is the
Caputo fractional derivative, $-(-\Delta)^{\alpha/2} $ is the generator of an
isotropic stable process and $I^{1-\beta}_t$ is the fractional integral
operator. The forcing noise denoted by $\stackrel{\cdot}{F}(t,x)$ is a Gaussian
noise. The multiplicative non-linearity $\sigma:\RR{R}\to\RR{R}$ is assumed to
be globally Lipschitz continuous. These equations were recently introduced by
Mijena and Nane(J. Mijena and E. Nane. Space time fractional stochastic partial
differential equations. Stochastic Process Appl. 125 (2015), no. 9,
3301--3326). We first study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of
these equations {and} under suitable conditions on the initial function, we
{also} study the asymptotic behavior of the solution with respect to the
parameter $\lambda$. In particular, our results are significant extensions of
those in Foondun et al (M. Foondun, K. Tian and W. Liu. On some properties of a
class of fractional stochastic equations. Preprint available at arxiv.org
1404.6791v1.), Foondun and Khoshnevisan (M. Foondun and D. Khoshnevisan.
Intermittence and nonlinear parabolic stochastic partial differential
equations, Electron. J. Probab. 14 (2009), no. 21, 548--568.), Nane and Mijena
(J. Mijena and E. Nane. Space time fractional stochastic partial differential
equations. Stochastic Process Appl. 125 (2015), no. 9, 3301--3326; J. B.
Mijena, and E.Nane. Intermittence and time fractional partial differential
equations. Submitted. 2014).


  We give a bijection between partially directed paths in the symmetric wedge
y= +/-x and matchings, which sends north steps to nestings. This gives a
bijective proof of a result of Prellberg et al. that was first discovered
through the corresponding generating functions: the number of partially
directed paths starting at the origin confined to the symmetric wedge y= +/-x
with k north steps is equal to the number of matchings on [2n] with k nestings.


  In this paper, we present the hidden symmetry behind the
Faddeev-Reshetikhin-Takhtajan-Semenov-Tian-Shansky realization of quantum
affine superalgebras $U_q(\hat {osp}(1,2))$ and add the q-Serre relation to the
Drinfeld realization of $U_q(\hat {osp}(1,2))$ (math.QA/9712011) derived from
the FRTS realization.


  Ground-state and finite-temperature behaviour of the mixed spin-1/2 and
spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg model on decorated planar lattices consisting of
inter-connected diamonds is investigated by means of the generalised
decoration-iteration mapping transformation. The obtained exact results clearly
point out that this model has a rather complex ground state composed of two
unusual quantum phases, which is valid regardless of the lattice topology as
well as the spatial dimensionality of the investigated system. It is shown that
the diamond-like decorated planar lattices with a sufficiently high
coordination number may exhibit a striking critical behaviour including
reentrant phase transitions with two or three consecutive critical points.


  In this paper we describe our submissions to the 2nd and 3rd SlavNER Shared
Tasks held at BSNLP 2019 and BSNLP 2021, respectively. The tasks focused on the
analysis of Named Entities in multilingual Web documents in Slavic languages
with rich inflection. Our solution takes advantage of large collections of both
unstructured and structured documents. The former serve as data for
unsupervised training of language models and embeddings of lexical units. The
latter refers to Wikipedia and its structured counterpart - Wikidata, our
source of lemmatization rules, and real-world entities. With the aid of those
resources, our system could recognize, normalize and link entities, while being
trained with only small amounts of labeled data.


  A new extension of the major index, defined in terms of Coxeter elements, is
introduced. For the classical Weyl groups of type $B$, it is equidistributed
with length. For more general wreath products it appears in an explicit formula
for the Hilbert series of the (diagonal action) invariant algebra.


  The fractional Fokker-Planck equation, which contains a variable diffusion
coefficient, is discussed and solved. It corresponds to the L\'evy flights in a
nonhomogeneous medium. For the case with the linear drift, the solution is
stationary in the long-time limit and it represents the L\'evy process with a
simple scaling. The solution for the drift term in the form
$\lambda\hbox{sgn}(x)$ possesses two different scales which correspond to the
L\'evy indexes $\mu$ and $\mu+1$ $(\mu<1)$. The former component of the
solution prevails at large distances but it diminishes with time for a given
$x$. The fractional moments, as a function of time, are calculated. They rise
with time and the rate of this growth increases with $\lambda$.


  Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition (DFER) is crucial for affective
computing but often overlooks the impact of scene context. We have identified a
significant issue in current DFER tasks: human annotators typically integrate
emotions from various angles, including environmental cues and body language,
whereas existing DFER methods tend to consider the scene as noise that needs to
be filtered out, focusing solely on facial information. We refer to this as the
Rigid Cognitive Problem. The Rigid Cognitive Problem can lead to discrepancies
between the cognition of annotators and models in some samples. To align more
closely with the human cognitive paradigm of emotions, we propose an Overall
Understanding of the Scene DFER method (OUS). OUS effectively integrates scene
and facial features, combining scene-specific emotional knowledge for DFER.
Extensive experiments on the two largest datasets in the DFER field, DFEW and
FERV39k, demonstrate that OUS significantly outperforms existing methods. By
analyzing the Rigid Cognitive Problem, OUS successfully understands the complex
relationship between scene context and emotional expression, closely aligning
with human emotional understanding in real-world scenarios.


This paper has been withdrawn by the author due a few mistakes in the paper.


  New nonuniform Berry--Esseen-type bounds for sums of independent random
variables are obtained, motivated by recent studies concerning such bounds for
nonlinear statistics. The proofs are based on the Chen--Shao concentration
techniques within the framework of the Stein method.


  For a planar graph with a given f-vector $(f_{0}, f_{1}, f_{2}),$ we
introduce a cubic polynomial whose coefficients depend on the f-vector. The
planar graph is said to be real if all the roots of the corresponding
polynomial are real. Thus we have a bipartition of all planar graphs into two
disjoint class of graphs, real and complex ones. As a contribution toward a
full recognition of planar graphs in this bipartition, we study and recognize
completely a subclass of planar graphs that includes all the connected grid
subgraphs. Finally, all the 2-connected triangle-free complex planar graphs of
7 vertices are listed.


  We discuss the theoretical and experimental situations for charge symmetry
violation (CSV) effects in the elastic scattering of pi+ and pi- on deuterium
(D) and 3He/3H. Accurate comparison of data for both types of targets provides
evidence for the presence of CSV effects. While there are indications of a CSV
effect in deuterium, it is much more pronounced in the case of 3He/3H. We
provide a description of the CSV effect on the deuteron in terms of single- and
double- scattering amplitudes. The Delta-mass splitting is taken into account.
Theoretical predictions are compared with existing experimental data for pi-d
scattering; a future article will speak to the pi-three nucleon case.


  We analyse the two-loop renormalization group (RG) flow of the gauge and
Yukawa couplings within the E6 inspired supersymmetric (SUSY) models with extra
U(1)_{N} gauge symmetry under which right-handed neutrinos have zero charge. In
these models single discrete \tilde{Z}^{H}_2 symmetry forbids the tree-level
flavor-changing transitions and the most dangerous baryon and lepton number
violating operators. We consider two different scenarios A and B that involve
extra matter beyond the MSSM contained in three and four 5+\overline{5}
representations of SU(5) respectively plus three SU(5) singlets which carry
U(1)_{N} charges. In the scenario A the measured values of the SU(2)_W and
U(1)_Y gauge couplings lie near the fixed points of the RG equations. In the
scenario B the contribution of two--loop corrections spoils the unification of
gauge couplings resulting in the appearance of the Landau pole below the Grand
Unification scale M_X. The solutions for the Yukawa couplings also approach the
quasi fixed points with increasing their values at the scale M_X. We calculate
the two--loop upper bounds on the lightest Higgs boson mass in the vicinity of
these quasi fixed points and compare the results of our analysis with the
corresponding ones in the NMSSM. In all these cases the theoretical
restrictions on the SM--like Higgs boson mass are rather close to 125 GeV.


  This article gives the foundations of the colored Jones polynomial for
singular knots. We extend Masbum and Vogel's algorithm to compute the colored
Jones polynomial for any singular knot. We also introduce the tail of the
colored Jones polynomial of singular knots and use its stability properties to
prove a false theta function identity that goes back to Ramanujan.


  The mean field composite Fermion (CF) picture successfully predicts angular
momenta of multiplets forming the lowest energy band in fractional quantum Hall
(FQH) systems. This success cannot be attributed to a cancellation between
Coulomb and Chern-Simons interactions beyond the mean field, because these
interactions have totally different energy scales. Rather, it results from the
behavior of the Coulomb pseudopotential V(L) (pair energy as a function of pair
angular momentum) in the lowest Landau level (LL). The class of short range
repulsive pseudopotentials is defined that lead to short range Laughlin like
correlations in many body systems and to which the CF model can be applied.
These Laughlin correlations are described quantitatively using the formalism of
fractional parentage. The discussion is illustrated with an analysis of the
energy spectra obtained in numerical diagonalization of up to eleven electrons
in the lowest and excited LL's. The qualitative difference in the behavior of
V(L) is shown to sometimes invalidate the mean field CF picture when applied to
higher LL's. For example, the nu=7/3 state is not a Laughlin nu=1/3 state in
the first excited LL. The analysis of the involved pseudopotentials also
explains the success or failure of the CF picture when applied to other systems
of charged Fermions with Coulomb repulsion, such as the Laughlin quasiparticles
in the FQH hierarchy or charged excitons in an electron-hole plasma.


  A formula on Stirling numbers of the second kind $S(n, k)$ is proved. As a
corollary, for odd $n$ and even $k$, it is shown that $k!S(n, k)$ is a positive
multiple of the greatest common divisor of $j!S(n, j)$ for $k+1\leq j\leq n$.
Also, as an application to algebraic topology, some isomorphisms of unstable
$K^1$-groups of stunted complex projective spaces are deduced.


  This paper proposes an iterative detection and decoding (IDD) scheme and an
approach to improve the selection of access points (APs) in uplink cell-free
massive multiple-antenna systems. A cost-effective scheme for selection of APs
based on local log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) is developed that provides
sufficient statistics to the central processing unit and selects which APs
should be considered for each user. {Numerical results show that the proposed
IDD scheme works very well and the proposed LLRs-based approach to select APs
outperforms the existing techniques in terms of bit error rate and spectral
efficiency while requiring a comparable fronthaul load.


  New computational devices, in particular wearable devices, offer the unique
property of always being available and thus to be able to constantly update the
user with information, such as by notifications. While research has been done
in sophisticated notifications, devices today mainly stick to a binary level of
information, while they are either attention drawing or silent. In this paper,
we want to go further and propose scalable notifications, which adjust the
intensity reaching from subtle to obtrusive and even going beyond that level,
while forcing the user to take action. To illustrate the technical feasibility
and validity of this concept, we developed three prototypes providing
mechano-pressure, thermal, and electrical feedback and evaluated them in
different lab studies. Our first prototype provides subtle poking through to
high and frequent pressure on the user's spine, which creates a significantly
improved back posture. In a second scenario, the users are enabled to perceive
the overuse of a drill by an increased temperature on the palm of a hand until
the heat is intolerable and the users are forced to eventually put down the
tool. The last project comprises a speed control in a driving simulation, while
electric muscle stimulation on the users' legs conveys information on changing
the car's speed by a perceived tingling until the system independently forces
the foot to move. Although our selected scenarios are long way from being
realistic, we see these lab studies as a means to validate our
proof-of-concept. In conclusion, all studies' findings support the feasibility
of our concept of a scalable notification system, including the system of
forced intervention. While we envisage the implementation of our
proof-of-concept into future wearables, more realistic application scenarios
are worthy of exploration.


  Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$ and let
$C/k$ be a smooth connected affine curve. Denote by $\pi_1(C)$ its algebraic
fundamental group. The goal of this paper is to characterize a certain subset
of closed normal subgroups $N$ of $\pi_1(C)$. In "Normal subgroups of
fundamental groups of affine curves in positive characteristic" we proved the
same result under the additional hypothesis that $k$ had countable cardinality.


  The problem of making sequential decisions in unknown probabilistic
environments is studied. In cycle $t$ action $y_t$ results in perception $x_t$
and reward $r_t$, where all quantities in general may depend on the complete
history. The perception $x_t$ and reward $r_t$ are sampled from the (reactive)
environmental probability distribution $\mu$. This very general setting
includes, but is not limited to, (partial observable, k-th order) Markov
decision processes. Sequential decision theory tells us how to act in order to
maximize the total expected reward, called value, if $\mu$ is known.
Reinforcement learning is usually used if $\mu$ is unknown. In the Bayesian
approach one defines a mixture distribution $\xi$ as a weighted sum of
distributions $\nu\in\M$, where $\M$ is any class of distributions including
the true environment $\mu$. We show that the Bayes-optimal policy $p^\xi$ based
on the mixture $\xi$ is self-optimizing in the sense that the average value
converges asymptotically for all $\mu\in\M$ to the optimal value achieved by
the (infeasible) Bayes-optimal policy $p^\mu$ which knows $\mu$ in advance. We
show that the necessary condition that $\M$ admits self-optimizing policies at
all, is also sufficient. No other structural assumptions are made on $\M$. As
an example application, we discuss ergodic Markov decision processes, which
allow for self-optimizing policies. Furthermore, we show that $p^\xi$ is
Pareto-optimal in the sense that there is no other policy yielding higher or
equal value in {\em all} environments $\nu\in\M$ and a strictly higher value in
at least one.


  We propose a clustering-based iterative algorithm to solve certain
optimization problems in machine learning, where we start the algorithm by
aggregating the original data, solving the problem on aggregated data, and then
in subsequent steps gradually disaggregate the aggregated data. We apply the
algorithm to common machine learning problems such as the least absolute
deviation regression problem, support vector machines, and semi-supervised
support vector machines. We derive model-specific data aggregation and
disaggregation procedures. We also show optimality, convergence, and the
optimality gap of the approximated solution in each iteration. A computational
study is provided.


  This paper proposes a human-aware deblurring model that disentangles the
motion blur between foreground (FG) humans and background (BG). The proposed
model is based on a triple-branch encoder-decoder architecture. The first two
branches are learned for sharpening FG humans and BG details, respectively;
while the third one produces global, harmonious results by comprehensively
fusing multi-scale deblurring information from the two domains. The proposed
model is further endowed with a supervised, human-aware attention mechanism in
an end-to-end fashion. It learns a soft mask that encodes FG human information
and explicitly drives the FG/BG decoder-branches to focus on their specific
domains. To further benefit the research towards Human-aware Image Deblurring,
we introduce a large-scale dataset, named HIDE, which consists of 8,422 blurry
and sharp image pairs with 65,784 densely annotated FG human bounding boxes.
HIDE is specifically built to span a broad range of scenes, human object sizes,
motion patterns, and background complexities. Extensive experiments on public
benchmarks and our dataset demonstrate that our model performs favorably
against the state-of-the-art motion deblurring methods, especially in capturing
semantic details.


  A concrete description of all graded maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules of rank
one and two over the affine cone of the simple node (a non-isolated
singularity) is given. For this purpose we construct an alghoritm that provides
extensions of MCM modules over an arbitrary hypersurface.


  Optimal allocation of resources across sub-units in the context of
centralized decision-making systems such as bank branches or supermarket chains
is a classical application of operations research and management science. In
this paper, we develop quantile allocation models to examine how much the
output and productivity could potentially increase if the resources were
efficiently allocated between units. We increase robustness to random noise and
heteroscedasticity by utilizing the local estimation of multiple production
functions using convex quantile regression. The quantile allocation models then
rely on the estimated shadow prices instead of detailed data of units and allow
the entry and exit of units. Our empirical results on Finland's business sector
reveal a large potential for productivity gains through better allocation,
keeping the current technology and resources fixed.


  This paper gives an algebraic characterization of expansive actions of
countable abelian groups on compact abelian groups. This naturally extends the
classification of expansive algebraic $\mathbb{Z}^d$-actions given by Schmidt
using complex varieties. Also included is an application to a natural class of
examples arising from unit subgroups of integral domains.


  In stochastic homogenization of elliptic equations, the corrector plays a
central role. Under a finite range of dependence assumption on the coefficient
field, we show that the large-scale spatial averages of the corrector approach
those of a variant of the Gaussian free field. In contrast to previous work,
the argument does not rely on an underlying product structure of the
probability measure. Instead, we rely on the additivity of energy quantities to
show central limit theorems for these, and derive the large-scale behavior of
the corrector as a consequence.


  For an oriented manifold $M$ whose dimension is less than $4$, we use the
contractibility of certain complexes associated to its submanifolds to cut $M$
into simpler pieces in order to do local to global arguments. In particular, in
these dimensions, we give a different proof of a deep theorem of Thurston in
foliation theory which says that the natural map between classifying spaces
$\mathrm{B}\text{Homeo}^{\delta}(M)\to \mathrm{B}\text{Homeo}(M)$ induces a
homology isomorphism where $\text{Homeo}^{\delta}(M)$ denotes the group of
homeomorphisms of $M$ made discrete. Our proof shows that in low dimensions,
Thurston's theorem can be proved without using foliation theory. Finally, we
show that this technique gives a new perspective on the homotopy type of
homeomorphism groups in low dimensions. In particular, we give a different
proof of Hacher's theorem that the homeomorphism groups of Haken $3$-manifolds
with boundary are homotopically discrete without using his disjunction
techniques.


  Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to originate from ultra-relativistic
winds/fireballs to avoid the "compactness problem". However, the most energetic
photons in GRBs may still suffer from $\gamma-\gamma$ absorption leading to
electron/positron pair production in the winds/fireballs. We show here that in
a wide range of model parameters, the resulting pairs may dominate those
electrons associated with baryons. Later on, the pairs would be carried into a
reverse shock so that a shocked pair-rich fireball may produce a strong flash
at lower frequencies, i.e. in the IR band, in contrast with optical/UV emission
from a pair-poor fireball. The IR emission would show a 5/2 spectral index due
to strong self-absorption. Rapid responses to GRB triggers in the IR band would
detect such strong flashes. The future detections of many IR flashes will infer
that the rarity of prompt optical/UV emissions is in fact due to dust
obscuration in the star formation regions.


  Two approximations used by Sengupta [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 100}, 075429 (2019)]
in numerically computing the adsorption rate of cold hydrogen atoms on
suspended graphene are critically examined. The independent boson model
approximation (IBMA) was used to compute the atom self-energy, and the
single-pole approximation (SPA) was used to obtain the adsorption rate from the
self-energy. It is shown explicitly that there are additional contributions to
the self-energy appearing at the same order of the atom-phonon coupling as the
IBMA terms that alter the value of the real part of the self-energy at low
energies by several orders of magnitude in the regime of interest. This shift
in the self-energy consequently renders the use of SPA invalid.


  For two types of quintessence models having thawing and tracking properties,
there exist analytic solutions for the dark energy equation of state w
expressed in terms of several free parameters. We put observational bounds on
the parameters in such scenarios by using the recent data of Supernovae type
Ia, Cosmic Microwave Background, and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. The
observational constraints are quite different depending on whether or not the
recent BAO data from BOSS are taken into account. With the BOSS data the upper
bounds of today's values of w (=w_0) in thawing models is very close to -1,
whereas without this data the values of w_0 away from -1 can be still allowed.
The tracker equation of state w_{(0)} during the matter era is constrained to
be w_{(0)}<-0.949 at 95 % confidence level even without the BOSS data, so that
the tracker models with w away from -1 are severely disfavored. We also study
observational constraints on scaling models in which w starts to evolve from 0
in the deep matter era and show that the transition to the equation of state
close to w=-1 needs to occur at an early cosmological epoch. In the three
classes of quintessence models studied in this paper, the past evolution of the
Hubble parameters in the best-fit models shows only less than the 2.5 %
difference compared to the LCDM.


  We study non-linear phenomena in double barrier heterostructures. Systems in
3D under the effect of an external magnetic field along the current and 1D
systems are analyzed. Non-linearities are reflected in the I-V characteristic
curve as bistabilities, instabilities and time dependent oscillations of the
currents. The nature of the non-linear behavior depends upon the parameters
that define the system.


  Institutions in highly regulated domains such as finance and healthcare often
have restrictive rules around data sharing. Federated learning is a distributed
learning framework that enables multi-institutional collaborations on
decentralized data with improved protection for each collaborator's data
privacy. In this paper, we propose a communication-efficient scheme for
decentralized federated learning called ProxyFL, or proxy-based federated
learning. Each participant in ProxyFL maintains two models, a private model,
and a publicly shared proxy model designed to protect the participant's
privacy. Proxy models allow efficient information exchange among participants
without the need of a centralized server. The proposed method eliminates a
significant limitation of canonical federated learning by allowing model
heterogeneity; each participant can have a private model with any architecture.
Furthermore, our protocol for communication by proxy leads to stronger privacy
guarantees using differential privacy analysis. Experiments on popular image
datasets, and a cancer diagnostic problem using high-quality gigapixel
histology whole slide images, show that ProxyFL can outperform existing
alternatives with much less communication overhead and stronger privacy.


  Parameter-shared pre-trained language models (PLMs) have emerged as a
successful approach in resource-constrained environments, enabling substantial
reductions in model storage and memory costs without significant performance
compromise. However, it is important to note that parameter sharing does not
alleviate computational burdens associated with inference, thus impeding its
practicality in situations characterized by limited stringent latency
requirements or computational resources. Building upon neural ordinary
differential equations (ODEs), we introduce a straightforward technique to
enhance the inference efficiency of parameter-shared PLMs. Additionally, we
propose a simple pre-training technique that leads to fully or partially shared
models capable of achieving even greater inference acceleration. The
experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods on both
autoregressive and autoencoding PLMs, providing novel insights into more
efficient utilization of parameter-shared models in resource-constrained
settings.


  We present the detailed optical to far-infrared observations of SST
J1604+4304, an ULIRG at z = 1.135. Analyzing the stellar absorption lines,
namely, the CaII H & K and Balmer H lines in the optical spectrum, we derive
the upper limits of an age for the stellar population. Given this constraint,
the minimum {chi}^2 method is used to fit the stellar population models to the
observed SED from 0.44 to 5.8um. We find the following properties. The stellar
population has an age 40 - 200 Myr with a metallicity 2.5 Z_{sun}. The
starlight is reddened by E(B-V) = 0.8. The reddening is caused by the
foreground dust screen, indicating that dust is depleted in the starburst site
and the starburst site is surrounded by a dust shell. The infrared (8-1000um)
luminosity is L_{ir} = 1.78 +/- 0.63 * 10^{12} L_{sun}. This is two times
greater than that expected from the observed starlight, suggesting either that
1/2 of the starburst site is completely obscured at UV-optical wavelengths, or
that 1/2 of L_{ir} comes from AGN emission. The inferred dust mass is 2.0 +/-
1.0 * 10^8 M_{sun}. This is sufficient to form a shell surrounding the galaxy
with an optical depth E(B-V) = 0.8. From our best stellar population model - an
instantaneous starburst with an age 40 Myr, we infer the rate of 19
supernovae(SNe) per year. Simply analytical models imply that 2.5 Z_{sun} in
stars was reached when the gas mass reduced to 30% of the galaxy mass. The gas
metallcity is 4.8 Z_{sun} at this point. The gas-to-dust mass ratio is then 120
+/- 73. The inferred dust production rate is 0.24 +/- 0.12 M_{sun} per SN. If
1/2 of L_{ir} comes from AGN emission, the rate is 0.48 +/- 0.24 M_{sun} per
SN. We discuss the evolutionary link of SST J1604+4304 to other galaxy
populations in terms of the stellar masses and the galactic winds.


  In order to incorporate the finite range effect into effective interactions,
a modification of the Skyrme force by introducing a cut-off factor for high
momentum transfers is proposed. The parameters of the cut-off factor are
determined by fitting the microscopic in-medium cross-sections of Li and
Machleidt over a wide range of energy and nuclear density. Results for the SkM*
and SLy4 forces are presented.


  We present a new class of solutions in odd dimensions to Einstein's equations
containing either a positive or negative cosmological constant. These solutions
resemble the even-dimensional Eguchi-Hanson--(anti)-de Sitter ((A)dS) metrics,
with the added feature of having Lorentzian signatures. They provide an
affirmative answer to the open question as to whether or not there exist
solutions with negative cosmological constant that asymptotically approach
AdS$_{5}/\Gamma$, but have less energy than AdS$_{5}/\Gamma$. We present
evidence that these solutions are the lowest-energy states within their
asymptotic class.


  We examine the surplus extraction problem in a mechanism design setting with
behavioral types. In our model behavioral types always perfectly reveal their
private information. We characterize the sufficient conditions that guarantee
full extraction in a finite version of the reduced form environment of McAfee
and Reny (1992). We found that the standard convex independence condition
identified in Cremer and McLean (1988) is required only among the beliefs of
strategic types, while a weaker condition is required for the beliefs of
behavioral types.


  Driven by the vision of intelligent connection of everything and digital twin
towards 6G, a myriad of new applications, such as immersive extended reality,
autonomous driving, holographic communications, intelligent industrial
internet, will emerge in the near future, holding the promise to revolutionize
the way we live and work. These trends inspire a novel technical design
principle that seamlessly integrates two originally decoupled functionalities,
i.e., wireless communication and sensing, into one system in a symbiotic way,
which is dubbed symbiotic sensing and communications (SSaC), to endow the
wireless network with the capability to "see" and "talk" to the physical world
simultaneously. Noting that the term SSaC is used instead of ISAC (integrated
sensing and communications) because the word ``symbiotic/symbiosis" is more
inclusive and can better accommodate different integration levels and evolution
stages of sensing and communications. Aligned with this understanding, this
article makes the first attempts to clarify the concept of SSaC, illustrate its
vision, envision the three-stage evolution roadmap, namely neutralism,
commensalism, and mutualism of SaC. Then, three categories of applications of
SSaC are introduced, followed by detailed description of typical use cases in
each category. Finally, we summarize the major performance metrics and key
enabling technologies for SSaC.


  We define the splash of a subgeometry on a projective line, extending the
definition of \cite{BaJa13} to general dimension and prove that a splash is
always a linear set. We also prove the converse: each linear set on a
projective line is the splash of some subgeometry. Therefore an alternative
description of linear sets on a projective line is obtained. We introduce the
notion of a club of rank $r$, generalizing the definition from \cite{FaSz2006},
and show that clubs correspond to tangent splashes. We determine the condition
for a splash to be a scattered linear set and give a characterization of clubs,
or equivalently of tangent splashes. We also investigate the equivalence
problem for tangent splashes and determine a necessary and sufficient condition
for two tangent splashes to be (projectively) equivalent.


  Stringent bounds on baryon and lepton number violating interactions have been
derived from the requirement that such interactions, together with electroweak
instantons, do not destroy a cosmological baryon asymmetry produced at an
extremely high temperature in the big bang. While these bounds apply in
specific models, we find that they are generically evaded. In particular, the
only requirement for a theory to avoid these bounds is that it contain charged
particles which, during a certain cosmological epoch, carry a non-zero
hypercharge asymmetry. Hypercharge neutrality of the universe then dictates
that the remaining particles must carry a compensating hypercharge density,
which is necessarily shared amongst them so as to give a baryon asymmetry.
Hence the generation of a hypercharge density in a sector of the theory forces
the universe to have a baryon asymmetry.


  We revisit the idea of brain damage, i.e. the pruning of the coefficients of
a neural network, and suggest how brain damage can be modified and used to
speedup convolutional layers. The approach uses the fact that many efficient
implementations reduce generalized convolutions to matrix multiplications. The
suggested brain damage process prunes the convolutional kernel tensor in a
group-wise fashion by adding group-sparsity regularization to the standard
training process. After such group-wise pruning, convolutions can be reduced to
multiplications of thinned dense matrices, which leads to speedup. In the
comparison on AlexNet, the method achieves very competitive performance.


  We propose a scheme to investigate the quantum phase transition of cold atoms
in the bilayer hexagonal optical lattices. Using the quantum Monte Carlo
method, we calculate the ground state phase diagrams which contain an
antiferromagnet, a solid, a superfluid, a fully polarized state and a
supersolid. We find there is a supersolid emerging in a proper parameter space,
where the diagonal long range order coexists with off-diagonal long range
order. We show that the bilayer optical lattices can be realized by coupling
two monolayer optical lattices and give an experimental protocol to observe
those novel phenomena in the real experiments.


  Second-order processes introduce nonlinearities in quantum dynamics,
unlocking a totally unexpected area of control operations. Here we show that
the well-known Landau-Zener-St\"uckelberg-Majorana (LZSM) transition can be
driven by a virtual process in a three-level system whereby two photons from a
drive with linearly-modulated phase create excitations onto the third level
while avoiding completely the first level. We implement this experimentally in
a transmon qubit achieving a population transfer of $98\%$, limited by
relaxation. We predict and observe experimentally the doubling of the LZSM
velocity. The observation of this effect is made possible by the nearly-exact
cancellation of the two-photon ac Stark shift when the third transition is
included. Furthermore, we demonstrate considerable robustness to offsets in
frequency and amplitude, both in theory and experimentally.


  The effect of an in-plane magnetic field upon open quasi-two-dimensional
electron and hole systems is investigated in terms of the carrier ground-state
spectrum. The magnetic field, classified as weak from the viewpoint of
correlation between size parameters of classical electron motion and the gate
potential spatial profile is shown to efficiently cut off extended modes from
the spectrum and to change singularly the mode density of states (MDOS). The
reduction in the number of current-carrying modes, right up to zero in magnetic
fields of moderate strength, can be viewed as the cause of
magnetic-field-driven metal-to-insulator transition widely observed in
two-dimensional systems. Both the mode number reduction and the MDOS
singularity appear to be most pronounced in the mode states dephasing
associated with their scattering by quenched-disorder potential. This sort of
dephasing is proven to dominate the dephasing which involves solely the
magnetic field whatever level of the disorder.


  We propose a multiple-kernel local-patch descriptor based on efficient match
kernels of patch gradients. It combines two parametrizations of gradient
position and direction, each parametrization provides robustness to a different
type of patch miss-registration: polar parametrization for noise in the patch
dominant orientation detection, Cartesian for imprecise location of the feature
point. Even though handcrafted, the proposed method consistently outperforms
the state-of-the-art methods on two local patch benchmarks.


  We study mean-field phases of the t-J model with long-range Coulomb
interaction. In the order of increasing doping density we find a classical
antiferromagnet, charge and spin stripes, and a uniform d-wave superconductor,
at the realistic doping parameters. Both in-phase and anti-phase stripes exist
as metastable configurations, but the in-phase stripes have a slightly lower
energy. The dependence of the stripe width and the inter-stripe spacing on the
doping is examined. Effects of fluctuations around the mean-field states are
discussed.


  Humans no doubt use language to communicate about their emotional
experiences, but does language in turn help humans understand emotions, or is
language just a vehicle of communication? This study used a form of artificial
intelligence (AI) known as large language models (LLMs) to assess whether
language-based representations of emotion causally contribute to the AI's
ability to generate inferences about the emotional meaning of novel situations.
Fourteen attributes of human emotion concept representation were found to be
represented by the LLM's distinct artificial neuron populations. By
manipulating these attribute-related neurons, we in turn demonstrated the role
of emotion concept knowledge in generative emotion inference. The
attribute-specific performance deterioration was related to the importance of
different attributes in human mental space. Our findings provide a
proof-in-concept that even a LLM can learn about emotions in the absence of
sensory-motor representations and highlight the contribution of
language-derived emotion-concept knowledge for emotion inference.


  The dynamic behavior of a Fermi gas confined in a deformed trap rotating at
low angular velocity is investigated in the framework of hydrodynamic theory.
The differences exhibited by a normal gas in the collisional regime and a
superfluid are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the collective
oscillations excited when the deformation of the rotating trap is suddenly
removed or when the rotation is suddenly stopped. The presence of vorticity in
the normal phase is shown to give rise to precession and beating phenomena
which are absent in the superfluid phase.


  Ultrafast optical pumping of spatially nonuniform magnetic textures is known
to induce far-from-equilibrium spin transport effects. Here, we use ultrafast
x-ray diffraction with unprecedented dynamic range to study the laser-induced
dynamics of labyrinth domain networks in ferromagnetic CoFe/Ni multilayers. We
detected azimuthally isotropic, odd order, magnetic diffraction rings up to 5th
order. The amplitudes of all three diffraction rings quench to different
degrees within 1.6 ps. In addition, all three of the detected diffraction rings
both broaden by 15% and radially contract by 6% during the quench process. We
are able to rigorously quantify a 31% ultrafast broadening of the domain walls
via Fourier analysis of the order-dependent quenching of the three detected
diffraction rings. The broadening of the diffraction rings is interpreted as a
reduction in the domain coherence length, but the shift in the ring radius,
while unambiguous in its occurrence, remains unexplained. In particular, we
demonstrate that a radial shift explained by domain wall broadening can be
ruled out. With the unprecedented dynamic range of our data, our results
provide convincing evidence that labyrinth domain structures are spatially
perturbed at ultrafast speeds under far-from-equilibrium conditions, albeit the
mechanism inducing the perturbations remains yet to be clarified.