  Doping at the rare-earth site by divalent alkaline-earth ions in perovskite
lattice has witnessed a variety of magnetic and electronic orders with
spatially correlated charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Here, we
report an antisite disorder driven spontaneous exchange bias effect as a result
of hole carrier (Sr2+) doping in La2-xSrxCoMnO6 (0 < x < 1) double perovskites.
X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy have evidenced an increase in disorder
with the increase of Sr content up to x = 0.5 and thereby decreases from x =
0.5 to 1. X-ray absorption spectroscopy has revealed that only Co is present in
mixed valent Co2+ and Co3+ states with Sr doping to compensate the charge
neutrality. Magnetotransport is strongly correlated with the increase of
antisite disorder. The antisite disorder at the B-site interrupts the
long-range ferromagnetic order by introducing various magnetic interactions and
instigates reentrant glassy dynamics, phase separation and canted type
antiferromagnetic behavior with the decrease of temperature. This leads to
novel magnetic microstructure with unidirectional anisotropy that causes
spontaneous exchange bias effect that can be tuned with the amount of antisite
disorder.


  We review a geometric approach to proving absolutely continuous (ac) spectrum
for random and deterministic Schr\"odinger operators developed in
\cite{FHS1,FHS2,FHS3,FHS4}. We study decaying potentials in one dimension and
present a simplified proof of ac spectrum of the Anderson model on trees. The
latter implies ac spectrum for a percolation model on trees. Finally, we
introduce certain loop tree models which lead to some interesting open
problems.


  We investigate the effect of superradiance shielding for the analogue
rotating black holes simulated by optical vortices by calculating the radial
motion of massless particles in such spacetime background. We add the
conditions $E<L\Omega_{r_{e}}$ and $L>0$ to judge the classically forbidden
region of superradiance. It is found that the superradiance forbidden region
exists near the static limit inside the ergosphere,which will limit the
classical Penrose process for the particles with some specific energies and
angular momenta. Once these particles satisfying the superradiance conditions
aremeasured at the outside of the ergosphere, this shows that the Penrose
process can be quantum.


  Electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems are
useful tools for clinical purposes like neural prostheses. In this study, we
collected EEG signals related to grasp motions. Five healthy subjects
participated in this experiment. They executed and imagined five
sustained-grasp actions. We proposed a novel data augmentation method that
increases the amount of training data using labels obtained from electromyogram
(EMG) signals analysis. For implementation, we recorded EEG and EMG
simultaneously. The data augmentation over the original EEG data concluded
higher classification accuracy than other competitors. As a result, we obtained
the average classification accuracy of 52.49% for motor execution (ME) and
40.36% for motor imagery (MI). These are 9.30% and 6.19% higher, respectively
than the result of the comparable methods. Moreover, the proposed method could
minimize the need for the calibration session, which reduces the practicality
of most BCIs. This result is encouraging, and the proposed method could
potentially be used in future applications such as a BCI-driven robot control
for handling various daily use objects.


  We report the observation and interpretation of new Raman peaks in few-layer
tungsten diselenide (WSe2), induced by the reduction of symmetry going from 3D
to 2D. In general, Raman frequencies in 2D materials follow quite closely the
frequencies of corresponding eigenmodes in the bulk. However, while the modes
that are Raman active in the bulk are also Raman active in the thin films, the
reverse is not always true due to the reduced symmetry in thin films. Here, we
predict from group theory and density functional calculations that two
intra-layer vibrational modes which are Raman inactive in bulk WSe2 in our
experimental configuration become Raman active in thin film WSe2, due to
reduced symmetry in thin films. This phenomenon explains the Raman peaks we
observe experimentally at ~310 cm-1 and 176 cm-1 in thin film WSe2.
Interestingly, the bulk mode at ~310 cm-1 that is Raman inactive can in fact be
detected in Raman measurements under specific wavelengths of irradiation,
suggesting that in this case, crystal symmetry selection rules may be broken
due to resonant scattering. Both theory and experiment indicate that the and
modes blue-shift with decreasing thickness, which we attribute to surface
effects. Our results shed light on a general understanding of the Raman/IR
activities of the phonon modes in layered transition metal dichalcogenide
materials and their evolution behavior from 3D to 2D.


  Consider an arbitrary extension of a free $\mathbb Z^d$-action on the Cantor
set. It is shown that it has dynamical asymptotic dimension at most $3^d - 1$.


  Experimental prospects for observing CP violation in B-meson decays are
reviewed. Comparisons are made for various options: experiments at $e^+ e^-$
B-Meson Factories, HERA and the TEVATRON will produce results in near future.
They will have a good chance to discover CP violation in B-meson decays. On a
longer time scale, experiments at the LHC will aim at accurate measurements to
make a precision test of the standard model in CP violation.


  Theoretical studies in gravitational wave astronomy have mostly focused on
the information that can be extracted from individual detections, such as the
mass of a binary system and its location in space. Here we consider how the
information from multiple detections can be used to constrain astrophysical
population models. This seemingly simple problem is made challenging by the
high dimensionality and high degree of correlation in the parameter spaces that
describe the signals, and by the complexity of the astrophysical models, which
can also depend on a large number of parameters, some of which might not be
directly constrained by the observations. We present a method for constraining
population models using a Hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach which
simultaneously infers the source parameters and population model and provides
the joint probability distributions for both. We illustrate this approach by
considering the constraints that can be placed on population models for
galactic white dwarf binaries using a future space based gravitational wave
detector. We find that a mission that is able to resolve ~5000 of the shortest
period binaries will be able to constrain the population model parameters,
including the chirp mass distribution and a characteristic galaxy disk radius
to within a few percent. This compares favorably to existing bounds, where
electromagnetic observations of stars in the galaxy constrain disk radii to
within 20%.


  In biodiversity conservation it is often necessary to prioritize the species
to conserve. Existing approaches to prioritization, e.g. the Fair Proportion
Index and the Shapley Value, are based on phylogenetic trees and rank species
according to their contribution to overall phylogenetic diversity. However, in
many cases evolution is not treelike and thus, phylogenetic networks have come
to the fore as a generalization of phylogenetic trees, allowing for the
representation of non-treelike evolutionary events, such as horizontal gene
transfer or hybridization. Here, we extend the concepts of phylogenetic
diversity and phylogenetic diversity indices from phylogenetic trees to
phylogenetic networks. On the one hand, we consider the treelike content of a
phylogenetic network, e.g. the (multi)set of phylogenetic trees displayed by a
network and the LSA tree associated with it. On the other hand, we derive the
phylogenetic diversity of subsets of taxa and biodiversity indices directly
from the internal structure of the network. Furthermore, we introduce our
software package NetDiversity, which was implemented in Perl and allows for the
calculation of all generalized measures of phylogenetic diversity and
generalized phylogenetic diversity indices established in this note that are
independent of inheritance probabilities. We apply our methods to a phylogentic
network representing the evolutionary relationships among swordtails and
platyfishes (Xiphophorus: Poeciliidae), a group of species characterized by
widespread hybridization.


  The midrapidity $\pi^0$ nuclear modification factor, $R_{\rm{AA}}$, at
$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 2.76 TeV in 6 centrality classes as well as the
corresponding $\pi^0$ invariant yields in Pb-Pb and in pp collisions are
presented. The transverse momentum range covered is 0.6 (0.4) GeV/$c$ $<
p_{\mathrm{T}} <$ 12 (10) GeV/$c$ for Pb-Pb (pp) collisions. A suppression of
neutral pions increasing with centrality is observed. The yield of charged
particles associated with a high $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ neutral pion trigger (8
GeV/$c$ $< p_{\mathrm{T}} <$ 16 GeV/$c$) is measured in pp and Pb-Pb collisions
at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 2.76 TeV. The conditional per-trigger yield
modification factor in the near and away side is in agreement with the measured
one for charged particles.


  In Bayesian semi-parametric analyses of time-to-event data, non-parametric
process priors are adopted for the baseline hazard function or the cumulative
baseline hazard function for a given finite partition of the time axis.
However, it would be controversial to suggest a general guideline to construct
an optimal time partition. While a great deal of research has been done to
relax the assumption of the fixed split times for other non-parametric
processes, to our knowledge, no methods have been developed for a gamma process
prior, which is one of the most widely used in Bayesian survival analysis. In
this paper, we propose a new Bayesian framework for proportional hazards models
where the cumulative baseline hazard function is modeled a priori by a gamma
process. A key feature of the proposed framework is that the number and
position of interval cutpoints are treated as random and estimated based on
their posterior distributions.


  The conventional use of two-body B decays to extract $\gamma$, although
theoretically clean, is currently statistics-limited. On the other hand, a bulk
of data on three-body B decays is available from $B$ factories. Applying the
flavor-SU(3)-symmetric approach proposed in Ref.\ \cite{ReyLeLorier:2011ww} to
\babar data, we find the highly promising result $\gamma = (81^{+4}_{-5} ({\rm
avg.}) \pm 5 ({\rm std.\ dev.}))^\circ$. This establishes the use of three-body
B decays as a viable alternative for the extraction of weak phases. In this
preliminary analysis we have neglected several sources of uncertainties such as
the effect of flavor-SU(3) breaking due to meson masses, and error correlations
between input experimental parameters. A better understanding of these will
improve the viability of this method.


  We present an Angle-Resolved PhotoElectron Spectroscopy study of the changes
in the electronic structure of electron doped Ba(Fe(1-x)Co(x))2As2 across the
superconducting phase transition. By changing the polarization of the incoming
light, we were able to observe the opening of the gap for the inner hole pocket
alpha, and to compare its behavior with the outer hole-like band beta.
Measurements along high symmetry directions show that the behavior of beta is
consistent with an isotropic gap opening, while slight anisotropies are
detected for the inner band alpha. The implications of these results for the
s+/- symmetry of the superconducting order parameter are discussed, in relation
to the nature of the different iron orbitals contributing to the electronic
structure of this multiband system.


  Photon-number correlation measurements are performed on bright squeezed
vacuum states using a standard Bell-test setup, and quantum correlations are
observed for conjugate polarization-frequency modes. We further test the
entanglement witnesses for these states and demonstrate the violation of the
separability criteria, which infers that all the macroscopic Bell states,
containing typically $10^6$ photons per pulse, are polarization entangled. The
study also reveals the symmetry of macroscopic Bell states with respect to
local polarization transformations.


  Brittle materials under impact loading exhibit a transition from a cracked
solid to a granular medium. Appropriate representation of this transition to
granular mechanics and the resulting initial fragment size and shape
distribution in computational models is not well understood. The current work
provides a numerical model to analyze competitive crack coalescence in the
transition regime and provides insight into the onset of comminution and the
initial conditions for subsequent granular flow. Crack statistics obtained from
initial flaws using a wing crack growth based damage model have been used to
discretely model elliptical cracks in three dimensions, with and without a
minimal intersection constraint. These cracks are then allowed to coalesce with
nearby cracks along favourable directions and the output fragment statistics
have been predicted. The evolving fragmentation offers insight into the onset
of comminution as well as the final transition to granular mechanics and the
resulting initial fragment statistics. A simple phenomenological model has been
proposed that suggests a transition criterion resembling the one obtained from
the numerical model.


  Dwarf irregular galaxies (dIrrs), as rotationally-supported systems, have
more reliable J-factor measurements than dwarf spheroidal galaxies and have
received attention as targets for dark matter detection in recent years. In
this paper, we use 10 years of IceCube muon-track data and an unbinned
maximum-likelihood-ratio method to search for neutrino signals beyond the
background from the directions of 7 dIrrs, aiming to detect neutrinos produced
by heavy annihilation dark matter. We do not detect any significant signal.
Based on such null results, we calculate the upper limits on the
velocity-averaged annihilation cross section for 1 TeV - 10 PeV dark matter.
Our limits, although weaker than the strictest constraints in the literature in
this mass range, are also a good complement to the existing results considering
the more reliable J-factor measurements of dIrrs.


  This paper is about the relation of the geometry of Lie groupoids over a
fixed compact manifold and the geometry of their (infinite-dimensional)
bisection Lie groups. In the first part of the paper we investigate the
relation of the bisections to a given Lie groupoid, where the second part is
about the construction of Lie groupoids from candidates for their bisection Lie
groups. The procedure of this second part becomes feasible due to some recent
progress in the infinite-dimensional Frobenius theorem, which we heavily
exploit. The main application to the prequantisation of (pre)symplectic
manifolds comes from an integrability constraint of closed Lie subalgebras to
closed Lie subgroups. We characterise this constraint in terms of a modified
discreteness conditions on the periods of that manifold.


  The task of bilingual dictionary induction (BDI) is commonly used for
intrinsic evaluation of cross-lingual word embeddings. The largest dataset for
BDI was generated automatically, so its quality is dubious. We study the
composition and quality of the test sets for five diverse languages from this
dataset, with concerning findings: (1) a quarter of the data consists of proper
nouns, which can be hardly indicative of BDI performance, and (2) there are
pervasive gaps in the gold-standard targets. These issues appear to affect the
ranking between cross-lingual embedding systems on individual languages, and
the overall degree to which the systems differ in performance. With proper
nouns removed from the data, the margin between the top two systems included in
the study grows from 3.4% to 17.2%. Manual verification of the predictions, on
the other hand, reveals that gaps in the gold standard targets artificially
inflate the margin between the two systems on English to Bulgarian BDI from
0.1% to 6.7%. We thus suggest that future research either avoids drawing
conclusions from quantitative results on this BDI dataset, or accompanies such
evaluation with rigorous error analysis.


  3D scene segmentation based on neural implicit representation has emerged
recently with the advantage of training only on 2D supervision. However,
existing approaches still requires expensive per-scene optimization that
prohibits generalization to novel scenes during inference. To circumvent this
problem, we introduce a generalizable 3D segmentation framework based on
implicit representation. Specifically, our framework takes in multi-view image
features and semantic maps as the inputs instead of only spatial information to
avoid overfitting to scene-specific geometric and semantic information. We
propose a novel soft voting mechanism to aggregate the 2D semantic information
from different views for each 3D point. In addition to the image features, view
difference information is also encoded in our framework to predict the voting
scores. Intuitively, this allows the semantic information from nearby views to
contribute more compared to distant ones. Furthermore, a visibility module is
also designed to detect and filter out detrimental information from occluded
views. Due to the generalizability of our proposed method, we can synthesize
semantic maps or conduct 3D semantic segmentation for novel scenes with solely
2D semantic supervision. Experimental results show that our approach achieves
comparable performance with scene-specific approaches. More importantly, our
approach can even outperform existing strong supervision-based approaches with
only 2D annotations. Our source code is available at:
https://github.com/HLinChen/GNeSF.


  We calculate the most divergent contribution to the non-degenerate sector of
the self-energy (or "melonic") graph in the context of the Lorentzian EPRL-FK
Spin Foam model of Quantum Gravity. We find that such a contribution is
logarithmically divergent in the cut-off over the SU(2)-representation spins
when one chooses the face amplitude guaranteeing the face-splitting invariance
of the foam.We also find that the dependence on the boundary data is different
from that of the bare propagator. This fact has its origin in the
non-commutativity of the EPRL-FK Y-map with the projector onto
SL(2,C)-invariant states. In the course of the paper, we discuss in detail the
approximations used during the calculations, its geometrical interpretation as
well as the physical consequences of our result.


  This paper gives an algebraic conjecture which is shown to be equivalent to
Thurston's Geometrization Conjecture for closed, orientable 3-manifolds. It
generalizes the Stallings-Jaco theorem which established a similar result for
the Poincare Conjecture. The paper also gives two other algebraic conjectures;
one is equivalent to the finite fundamental group case of the Geometrization
Conjecture, and the other is equivalent to the union of the Geometrization
Conjecture and Thurston's Virtual Bundle Conjecture.


  Through gravity/gauge duality, the string breaking and running coupling
constant of heavy quark-antiquark pair are investigated in the rotating
background. For the meson decay mode $\rm Q\bar{Q} \rightarrow Q
\bar{q}+\bar{Q} q$, we discuss the string breaking and running coupling in the
parallel and transverse case. It is found that the parallel case has a more
significant on string breaking and running coupling constant than the
transverse case in the confined phase. The string-breaking distance and the
maximum value of running coupling will decrease with the increase of angular
velocity in the parallel case. Besides, we also investigate the running
coupling and screening distance at finite angular velocity in the deconfined
phase. It is found that the maximum values of the running coupling and
screening distance are decreasing functions of angular velocity. The parallel
case has a more significant influence on the running coupling and screening
distance than the transverse case in the deconfined phase.


  The direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs) is an invaluable new tool
to probe gravity and the nature of cosmic acceleration. A large class of
scalar-tensor theories predict that GWs propagate with velocity different than
the speed of light, a difference that can be $\mathcal{O}(1)$ for many models
of dark energy. We determine the conditions behind the anomalous GW speed,
namely that the scalar field spontaneously breaks Lorentz invariance and
couples to the metric perturbations via the Weyl tensor. If these conditions
are realized in nature, the delay between GW and electromagnetic (EM) signals
from distant events will run beyond human timescales, making it impossible to
measure the speed of GWs using neutron star mergers or other violent events. We
present a robust strategy to exclude or confirm an anomalous speed of GWs using
eclipsing binary systems, whose EM phase can be exquisitely determined. he
white dwarf binary J0651+2844 is a known example of such system that can be
used to probe deviations in the GW speed as small as $c_g/c-1\gtrsim 2\cdot
10^{-12}$ when LISA comes online. This test will either eliminate many
contender models for cosmic acceleration or wreck a fundamental pillar of
general relativity.


  Users of social networks display diversified behavior and online habits. For
instance, a user's tendency to reply to a post can depend on the user and the
person posting. For convenience, we group users into aggregated behavioral
patterns, focusing here on the tendency to reply to or reciprocate messages.
The reciprocity feature in social networks reflects the information exchange
among users. We study the properties of a preferential attachment model with
heterogeneous reciprocity levels, give the growth rate of model edge counts,
and prove convergence of empirical degree frequencies to a limiting
distribution. This limiting distribution is not only multivariate regularly
varying, but also has the property of hidden regular variation.


  Due to the periodic characteristics of SQUIDs, a suitable linearization
technique is required for SQUID-based readout. Flux-ramp modulation is a common
linearization technique and is typically applied for the readout of a
microwave-SQUID-multiplexer as well as since recently also for dc-SQUIDs.
Flux-ramp modulation requires another stage in the signal processing chain to
demodulate the SQUID output signal before further processing. For cryogenic
microcalorimenters, these events are given by fast exponentially rising and
slowly exponentially decaying pulses which shall be detected by a trigger
engine and recorded by a storage logic. Since the data rate can be decreased
significantly by demodulation and event detection, it is desirable to do both
steps on the deployed fast FPGA logic during measurement before passing the
data to a general-purpose processor.
  In this contribution, we show the implementation of efficient multi-channel
flux-ramp demodulation computed at run-time on a SoC-FPGA. Furthermore, a
concept and implementation for an online trigger and buffer mechanism with its
theoretical trigger loss rates depending on buffer size is presented. Both FPGA
modules can be operated with up to 500 MHz clock frequency and can efficiently
process 32 channels. Correct functionality and data reduction capability of the
modules are demonstrated in measurements utilizing magnetic microcalorimeter
irradiated with an Iron-55 source for event generation and read out by a
microwave SQUID multiplexer.


  Point processes are a useful mathematical tool for describing events over
time, and so there are many recent approaches for representing and learning
them. One notable open question is how to precisely describe the flexibility of
point process models and whether there exists a general model that can
represent all point processes. Our work bridges this gap. Focusing on the
widely used event intensity function representation of point processes, we
provide a proof that a class of learnable functions can universally approximate
any valid intensity function. The proof connects the well known
Stone-Weierstrass Theorem for function approximation, the uniform density of
non-negative continuous functions using a transfer functions, the formulation
of the parameters of a piece-wise continuous functions as a dynamic system, and
a recurrent neural network implementation for capturing the dynamics. Using
these insights, we design and implement UNIPoint, a novel neural point process
model, using recurrent neural networks to parameterise sums of basis function
upon each event. Evaluations on synthetic and real world datasets show that
this simpler representation performs better than Hawkes process variants and
more complex neural network-based approaches. We expect this result will
provide a practical basis for selecting and tuning models, as well as
furthering theoretical work on representational complexity and learnability.


  In this paper, an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided large-scale MIMO
system is investigated in which constant envelope precoding (CEP) is utilized
at each base station (BS). It is both cost-effective and energy-efficient to
implement CEP in a large-scale antenna array. We aim to optimize the discrete
phase shifts at both the BS and the IRS to minimize the sum power of multi-user
interference (MUI) in the system via our proposed three algorithms. For the
sake of simplicity, a simple single-cell scenario is considered, where the
optimization of the BS and IRS phase shifts is solved by a low-complexity
trellis-based algorithm. Then, this algorithm is extended to a multi-cell
scenario, where the precoding operation in each BS is performed individually.
With the aid of stochastic optimization method, a low-overhead trellis-based
solution is proposed which has better performance than the first one. Finally,
we solve the optimization problem via the semi-definite relaxation (SDR)
scheme, to serve as a performance benchmark for the proposed algorithms.
Meanwhile, interference and complexity analysis is provided for the proposed
algorithms. Numerical results demonstrate that while the performance of the
trellis-based algorithms is negligibly lower than that of the continuous-phase
SDR-based solution, the computational complexity and the implementation cost of
the former is much lower than the latter, which is appealing for practical
applications.


  We consider the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies of theories of gravity
that generalise the Einstein-Hilbert action by replacing the Ricci scalar, R,
with some function, f(R). The general asymptotic behaviour of these cosmologies
is found, at both early and late times, and the effects of adding higher and
lower powers of R to the Einstein-Hilbert action is investigated. The
assumption that the highest powers of R should dominate the Universe's early
history, and that the lowest powers should dominate its future is found to be
inaccurate. The behaviour of the general solution is complicated, and while it
can be the case that single powers of R dominate the dynamics at late times, it
can be either the higher or lower powers that do so. It is also shown that it
is often the lowest powers of R that dominate at early times, when approach to
a bounce or a Tolman solution are generic possibilities. Various examples are
considered, and both vacuum and perfect fluid solutions investigated.


  We present the extraction and processing of the IUE Low Dispersion spectra
within the framework of the ESA ``IUE Newly Extracted Spectra'' (INES) System.
Weak points of SWET, the optimal extraction implementation to produce the
NEWSIPS output products (extracted spectra) are discussed, and the procedures
implemented in INES to solve these problems are outlined. The more relevant
modifications are: 1) the use of a new noise model, 2) a more accurate
representation of the spatial profile of the spectrum and 3) a more reliable
determination of the background. The INES extraction also includes a correction
for the contamination by solar light in long wavelength spectra. Examples
showing the improvements obtained in INES with respect to SWET are described.
Finally, the linearity and repeatability characteristics of INES data are
evaluated and the validity of the errors provided in the extraction is
discussed.


  S.-Y. Pan decomposes the uniform projection of the Weil representation of a
finite symplectic-odd orthogonal dual pair, in terms of Deligne-Lusztig virtual
characters, assuming that the order of the finite field is large enough. In
this paper we use Pan's decomposition to study the theta correspondence for
this kind of dual pairs, following the approach of Adams-Moy and
Aubert-Michel-Rouquier. Our results give the theta correspondence between
unipotent representations and certain quadratic unipotent representations.


  The methods of macroscopic averaging used to derive the macroscopic Maxwell
equations from electron theory are methodologically incorrect and lead in some
cases to a substantial error. For instance, these methods do not take into
account the existence of a macroscopic electromagnetic field EB, HB generated
by carriers of electric charge moving in a thin layer adjacent to the boundary
of the physical region containing these carriers. If this boundary is
impenetrable for charged particles, then in its immediate vicinity all carriers
are accelerated towards the inside of the region. The existence of the
privileged direction of acceleration results in the generation of the
macroscopic field EB, HB. The contributions to this field from individual
accelerated particles are described with a sufficient accuracy by the
Lienard-Wiechert formulas. In some cases the intensity of the field EB, HB is
significant not only for deuteron plasma prepared for a controlled
thermonuclear fusion reaction but also for electron plasma in conductors at
room temperatures. The corrected procedures of macroscopic averaging will
induce some changes in the present form of plasma dynamics equations. The
modified equations will help to design improved systems of plasma confinement.


  A simplified analytical model of the resonant interaction of the beam of
Larmor electrons drifting in the crossed constant fields of a magnetron with a
synchronous wave providing a phase grouping of the drifting charge was
developed to optimize the parameters of an rf resonant injected signal driving
the magnetrons for management of phase and power of rf sources with a rate
required for superconducting high-current accelerators. The model, which
considers the impact of the rf resonant signal injected into the magnetron on
the operation of the injection-locked tube, substantiates the recently
developed method of fast power control of magnetrons in the range up to 10 dB
at the highest generation efficiency, with low noise, precise stability of the
carrier frequency, and the possibility of wideband phase control. Experiments
with continuous wave 2.45 GHz, 1 kW microwave oven magnetrons have verified the
correspondence of the behavior of these tubes to the analytical model. A proof
of the principle of the novel method of power control in magnetrons, based on
the developed model, was demonstrated in the experiments. The method is
attractive for high-current superconducting rf accelerators. This paper also
discusses vector methods of power control with the rates required for
superconducting accelerators, the impact of the rf resonant signal injected
into the magnetron on the rate of phase control of the injection-locked tubes,
and a conceptual scheme of the magnetron transmitter with highest efficiency
for high-current accelerators.


  This paper presents a novel feature set for shape-only leaf identification
motivated by real-world, mobile deployment. The feature set includes basic
shape features, as well as signal features extracted from local area integral
invariants (LAIIs), similar to curvature maps, at multiple scales. The proposed
methodology is evaluated on a number of publicly available leaf datasets with
comparable results to existing methods which make use of colour and texture
features in addition to shape. Over 90% classification accuracy is achieved on
most datasets, with top-four accuracy for these datasets reaching over 98%.
Rotation and scale invariance of the proposed features are demonstrated, along
with an evaluation of the generalisability of the approach for generic shape
matching.


  A left-variable word over an alphabet~$A$ is a word over~$A \cup \{\star\}$
whose first letter is the distinguished symbol~$\star$ standing for a
placeholder. The Ordered Variable Word theorem ($\mathsf{OVW}$), also known as
Carlson-Simpson's theorem, is a tree partition theorem, stating that for every
finite alphabet~$A$ and every finite coloring of the words over~$A$, there
exists a word $c_0$ and an infinite sequence of left-variable words $w_1, w_2,
\dots$ such that $\{ c_0 \cdot w_1[a_1] \cdot \dots \cdot w_k[a_k] : k \in
\mathbb{N}, a_1, \dots, a_k \in A \}$ is monochromatic.
  In this article, we prove that $\mathsf{OVW}$ is $\Pi^0_4$-conservative
over~$\mathsf{RCA}_0 + \mathsf{B}\Sigma^0_2$. This implies in particular that
$\mathsf{OVW}$ does not imply $\mathsf{ACA}_0$ over~$\mathsf{RCA}_0$. This is
the first principle for which the only known separation from~$\mathsf{ACA}_0$
involves non-standard models.


  Objective. To develop an automated, data-driven, and scale-flexible method to
delineate HSAs and HRRs that are up-to-date, representative of all patients,
and have the optimal localization of hospital visits. Data Sources. The 2011
State Inpatient Database (SID) in Florida from the Healthcare Cost and
Utilization Project (HCUP). Study Design. A network optimization method was
used to redefine HSAs and HRRs by maximizing patient-to-hospital flows within
each HSA/HRR while minimizing flows between them. We first constructed as many
HSAs/HRRs as existing Dartmouth units in Florida, and then compared the two by
various metrics. Next, we sought to derive the optimal numbers and
configurations of HSAs/HRRs that best reflect the modularity of hospitalization
patterns in Florida. Principal Findings. The HSAs/HRRs by our method are
favored over the Dartmouth units in balance of region size and market
structure, shape, and most importantly, local hospitalization. Conclusions. The
new method is automated, scale-flexible, and effective in capturing the natural
structure of healthcare system. It has great potential for applications in
delineating other healthcare service areas or in larger geographic regions.


  We present our library for Universal Algebra in the UniMath framework dealing
with multi-sorted signatures, their algebras, and the basics for equation
systems. We show how to implement term algebras over a signature without
resorting to general inductive constructions (currently not allowed in UniMath)
still retaining the computational nature of the definition. We prove that our
single sorted ground term algebras are instances of homotopy W-types. From this
perspective, the library enriches UniMath with a computationally well-behaved
implementation of a class of W-types. Moreover, we give neat constructions of
the univalent categories of algebras and equational algebras by using the
formalism of displayed categories, and show that the term algebra over a
signature is the initial object of the category of algebras. Finally, we
showcase the computational relevance of our work by sketching some basic
examples from algebra and propositional logic.


  The mathematics of a 4-dimensional renormalizable generally covariant
lagrangian model (with first order derivatives) is reviewed. The lorentzian CR
manifolds are totally real submanifolds of 4(complex)-dimensional complex
manifolds determined by four special conditions. The defining tetrad permits
the definition of a class of lorentzian metrics which admit two geodetic and
shear free congruences. These metrics permit the classification of the
structures using the Weyl tensor and the Flaherty pseudo-complex structure. The
Cartan procedure permits the definition of three relative invariants. Viewed as
a pair of two hypersurface-type 3-dimensional CR structures, the lorentzian CR
structures may be osculated on the basis of SU(1,2) group. An osculation on the
basis of SU(2,2) group reveals the Poincare group which may be identified with
the observed group in nature. Examples of static axially symmetric lorentzian
CR structures are computed. For every lorentzian CR manifold, a class of
Kaehler metrics of the ambient complex manifold is found, which induce the
class of compatible lorentzian metrics on the submanifold. Then the lorentzian
CR manifold becomes a lagrangian submanifold in the corresponding ambient
(Kaehler) symplectic manifold. The lorentzian CR manifolds may be considered as
dynamical processes in the context of the Einstein-Infeld-Hofman derivation of
the equations of motion.


  Turbulence is a chaotic flow regime filled by irregular flows. The
dissipation of turbulence is a fundamental problem in the realm of physics.
Theoretically, dissipation cannot be ultimately achieved without collisions,
and so how turbulent kinetic energy is dissipated in the nearly collisionless
solar wind is a challenging problem. Wave particle interactions and magnetic
reconnection are two possible dissipation mechanisms, but which mechanism
dominates is still a controversial topic. Here we analyze the dissipation
region scaling around a solar wind magnetic reconnection region. We find that
the magnetic reconnection region shows a unique multifractal scaling in the
dissipation range, while the ambient solar wind turbulence reveals a
monofractal dissipation process for most of the time. These results provide the
first observational evidences for the intermittent multifractal dissipation
region scaling around a magnetic reconnection site, and they also have
significant implications for the fundamental energy dissipation process.


  Anisotropy of a space naturally leads to direction dependent electromagnetic
tensors and electromagnetic potentials. Starting from this idea and using
variational approaches and exterior derivative formalism, we extend some of the
classical equations of electromagnetism to anisotropic (Finslerian) spaces. The
results differ from the ones obtained by means of the known approach in [3],
[4].


  In this Letter certain fundamental physics issues relating to recent theories
of so-called `spin quantum plasmas' are examined. It is shown that the
derivations and some of the results obtained in these theories contradict
well-established principles of quantum mechanics, especially in their treatment
of fermions and spin. The analysis presented suggests that the aforementioned
theories do not apply for any range of temperatures at the stated densities and
furthermore fail to make any experimentally accessible and testable
predictions.


  The complexity of testing whether a graph contains an induced odd cycle of
length at least five is currently unknown. In this paper we show that this can
be done in polynomial time if the input graph has no induced subgraph
isomorphic to the bull (a triangle with two disjoint pendant edges).


  The hydrodynamic performance of a sea-going ship varies over its lifespan due
to factors like marine fouling and the condition of the anti-fouling paint
system. In order to accurately estimate the power demand and fuel consumption
for a planned voyage, it is important to assess the hydrodynamic performance of
the ship. The current work uses machine-learning (ML) methods to estimate the
hydrodynamic performance of a ship using the onboard recorded in-service data.
Three ML methods, NL-PCR, NL-PLSR and probabilistic ANN, are calibrated using
the data from two sister ships. The calibrated models are used to extract the
varying trend in ship's hydrodynamic performance over time and predict the
change in performance through several propeller and hull cleaning events. The
predicted change in performance is compared with the corresponding values
estimated using the fouling friction coefficient ($\Delta C_F$). The ML methods
are found to be performing well while modelling the hydrodynamic state
variables of the ships with probabilistic ANN model performing the best, but
the results from NL-PCR and NL-PLSR are not far behind, indicating that it may
be possible to use simple methods to solve such problems with the help of
domain knowledge.


  Using molecular simulation and continuum dielectric theory, we consider how
electrochemical kinetics are modulated as a function of twist angle in bilayer
graphene electrodes. By establishing an effective connection between twist
angle and the screening length of charge carriers within the electrode, we
investigate how tunable metallicity can result in modified statistics of the
electron transfer energy gap. Constant potential molecular simulations show
that the activation free energy for electron transfer is an increasing function
of the screening length, or decreasing function the density of states at the
Fermi energy in the electrode, and subsequently a non-monotonic function of
twist angle. We find the twist angle alters the density of states, which tunes
the number of thermally-accessible channels for electron transfer, as well as
the reorganization energy by altering the stability of the vertically excited
state through attenuated image charge interactions. Understanding these effects
allows us to cast the Marcus rate of interfacial electron transfer as a
function of twist angle, in a manner consistent with a growing body of
experimental observations.


  New electronic phases have been identified and placed in the (T,H) phase
diagram of metallic NaxCoO2. At low Na-content (x = 0.36), the magnetic
susceptibility diverges with a power law T^(-n), n<1, and shows (T,H) scaling,
indicating the proximity to a magnetic quantum phase transition. At high Na
contents (x = 0.6) the mass of the quasiparticles does never diverge, but
renormalizes and becomes strongly field dependent at low temperatures, forming
a heavy Fermi-Liquid. Our results make superconducting NaxCoO2 a clear
candidate for magnetically mediated pairing.


  We study a spin orbital model in which the spin-spin interaction couples
linearly to the orbital isospin. Fluctuations drive the transition from
paramagnetic state to C type ordered state into a strongly first order one, as
observed in $V_2O_3$. At T=0, there is a FOCS to FOGS transition. Close to the
transition point, the system shows dynamically generated dimension reduction
and crossover, resulting in one or more spin reentrant transitions.


  This article examines large time behaviour of finite state mean-field
interacting particle systems. Our first main result is a sharp estimate (in the
exponential scale) on the time required for convergence of the empirical
measure process of the $N$-particle system to its invariant measure; we show
that when time is of the order of $\exp\{N\Lambda\}$ for a suitable constant
$\Lambda \geq 0$, the process has mixed well and it is close to its invariant
measure. We then obtain large-$N$ asymptotics of the second largest eigenvalue
of the generator associated with the empirical measure process when it is
reversible with respect to its invariant measure. We show that its absolute
value scales as $\exp\{-N\Lambda\}$. The main tools used in establishing our
results are the large deviation properties of the empirical measure process
from its large-$N$ limit. As an application of the study of large time
behaviour, we also show convergence of the empirical measure of the system of
particles to a global minimum of a certain `entropy' function when particles
are added over time in a controlled fashion. The controlled addition of
particles is analogous to the cooling schedule associated with the search for a
global minimum of a function using the simulated annealing algorithm.


  We analyze the dynamical-algebraic approach to universal quantum control
introduced in P. Zanardi, S. Lloyd, quant-ph/0305013. The quantum state-space
$\cal H$ encoding information decomposes into irreducible sectors and
subsystems associated to the group of available evolutions. If this group
coincides with the unitary part of the group-algebra $\CC{\cal K}$ of some
group $\cal K$ then universal control is achievable over the ${\cal
K}$-irreducible components of $\cal H$. This general strategy is applied to
different kind of bosonic systems. We first consider massive bosons in a
double-well and show how to achieve universal control over all
finite-dimensional
  Fock sectors. We then discuss a multi-mode massless case giving the
conditions for generating the whole infinite-dimensional multi-mode
Heisenberg-Weyl enveloping-algebra. Finally we show how to use an auxiliary
bosonic mode coupled to finite-dimensional systems to generate high-order
non-linearities needed for universal control.


  We consider spin-orbit ("geodetic") precession for a compact binary in
strong-field gravity. Specifically, we compute $\psi$, the ratio of the
accumulated spin-precession and orbital angles over one radial period, for a
spinning compact body of mass $m_1$ and spin $s_1$, with $s_1 \ll G m_1^2/c$,
orbiting a non-rotating black hole. We show that $\psi$ can be computed for
eccentric orbits in both the gravitational self-force and post-Newtonian
frameworks, and that the results appear to be consistent. We present a
post-Newtonian expansion for $\psi$ at next-to-next-to-leading order, and a
Lorenz-gauge gravitational self-force calculation for $\psi$ at first order in
the mass ratio. The latter provides new numerical data in the strong-field
regime to inform the Effective One-Body model of the gravitational two-body
problem. We conclude that $\psi$ complements the Detweiler redshift $z$ as a
key invariant quantity characterizing eccentric orbits in the gravitational
two-body problem.


  We consider the application of the polyharmonic subdivision wavelets (of
Daubechies type) to Image Processing, in particular to Astronomical Images. The
results show an essential advantage over some standard multivariate wavelets
and a potential for better compression.


  This paper considers the question of the rate of convergence to ${\alpha}$-
stable laws, using arguments based on the Zolotarev distance to prove bounds.
We provide a rate of convergence to ${\alpha}$-stable random variable where 1 <
${\alpha}$ < 2, in the generalized CLT, that is, for the partial sums of
independent identically distributed random variables which are not assumed to
be square integrable. This work is a technical report based on the Zolotarev
paper in [1].


  Gait recognition is a term commonly referred to as an identification problem
within the Computer Science field. There are a variety of methods and models
capable of identifying an individual based on their pattern of ambulatory
locomotion. By surveying the current literature on gait recognition, this paper
seeks to identify appropriate metrics, devices, and algorithms for collecting
and analyzing data regarding patterns and modes of ambulatory movement across
individuals. Furthermore, this survey seeks to motivate interest in a broader
scope of longitudinal analysis regarding the perturbations in gait across
states (i.e. physiological, emotive, and/or cognitive states). More broadly,
inferences to normal versus pathological gait patterns can be attributed, based
on both longitudinal and non-longitudinal forms of classification. This may
indicate promising research directions and experimental designs, such as
creating algorithmic metrics for the quantification of fatigue, or models for
forecasting episodic disorders. Furthermore, in conjunction with other
measurements of physiological and environmental conditions, pathological gait
classification might be applicable to inference for syndromic surveillance of
infectious disease states or cognitive impairment.


  Half the known extrasolar planets have orbital eccentricities in excess of
0.3. Such large eccentricities are surprising as it is thought that planets
form in a protoplanetary disk on nearly circular orbits much like the current
states of the solar system planets. Possible explanations for the large
planetary eccentricities include the perturbations that accompany planet-planet
scattering, the tidal interaction between the gas disk and the planets, Kozai's
secular eccentricity cycles, the eccentricity excitation during planetary pair
migration in mean motion resonance, the perturbations by stellar encounters,
stellar-like relaxation that occurs if planets formed through gravitational
instability, and the relative acceleration by the stellar jet system of the
host star with respect to the companion. In this chapter, we comment on the
relevance and characteristics of the various eccentricity origin theories.


  The ~1 Ms Chandra Deep Field North observation is used to study the extended
X-ray sources in the region surrounding the Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N),
yielding the most sensitive probe of extended X-ray emission at cosmological
distances to date. A total of six such sources are detected, the majority of
which align with small numbers of optically bright galaxies. Their angular
sizes, band ratios, and X-ray luminosities -- assuming they lie at the same
distances as the galaxies coincident with the X-ray emission -- are generally
consistent with the properties found for nearby groups of galaxies. One source
is notably different and is likely to be a poor-to-moderate X-ray cluster at
high redshift (i.e., z > 0.7). We are also able to place strong constraints on
the optically detected cluster of galaxies ClG 1236+6215 at z=0.85 and the
wide-angle-tail radio galaxy VLA J123725.7+621128 at z~1-2. With rest-frame
0.5--2.0 keV X-ray luminosities of <(3-15)e42 ergs s^{-1}, the environments of
both sources are either likely to have a significant deficit of hot
intra-cluster gas compared to local clusters of galaxies, or they are X-ray
groups. We find the surface density of extended X-ray sources in this
observation to be 167 (+97,-67) deg^{-2} at a limiting soft-band flux of
approximately 3e-16 ergs s^{-1} cm^{-2}. No evolution in the X-ray luminosity
function of clusters is needed to explain this value. (Abridged)


  We describe some "unrestricted" algorithms which are useful for the
computation of elementary and special functions when the precision required is
not known in advance. Several general classes of algorithms are identified and
illustrated by examples. The topics include: power series methods, use of
halving identities, asymptotic expansions, continued fractions, recurrence
relations, Newton's method, numerical contour integration, and the
arithmetic-geometric mean. Most of the algorithms discussed are implemented in
the MP package (arXiv:1004.3173).


  The separated flow downstream a backward-facing step is controlled using
visual information for feedback. This is done when looking at the flow from two
vantage points. Flow velocity fields are computed in real-time and used to
yield inputs to a control loop. This approach to flow control is shown to be
able to control the detached flow in the same way as has been done before by
using the area of the recirculation region downstream the step as input for a
gradient descent optimization scheme. Visual feedback using real-time
computations of 2D velocity fields also allows for novel inputs to the feedback
scheme. As a proof of concept, the spatially averaged value of the swirling
strength is successfully used as input for an automatically tuned PID
controller.


  Circular variables arise in a multitude of data-modelling contexts ranging
from robotics to the social sciences, but they have been largely overlooked by
the machine learning community. This paper partially redresses this imbalance
by extending some standard probabilistic modelling tools to the circular
domain. First we introduce a new multivariate distribution over circular
variables, called the multivariate Generalised von Mises (mGvM) distribution.
This distribution can be constructed by restricting and renormalising a general
multivariate Gaussian distribution to the unit hyper-torus. Previously proposed
multivariate circular distributions are shown to be special cases of this
construction. Second, we introduce a new probabilistic model for circular
regression, that is inspired by Gaussian Processes, and a method for
probabilistic principal component analysis with circular hidden variables.
These models can leverage standard modelling tools (e.g. covariance functions
and methods for automatic relevance determination). Third, we show that the
posterior distribution in these models is a mGvM distribution which enables
development of an efficient variational free-energy scheme for performing
approximate inference and approximate maximum-likelihood learning.


  The deployment of an expert system running over a wireless acoustic sensors
network made up of bioacoustic monitoring devices that recognise bird species
from their sounds would enable the automation of many tasks of ecological
value, including the analysis of bird population composition or the detection
of endangered species in areas of environmental interest. Endowing these
devices with accurate audio classification capabilities is possible thanks to
the latest advances in artificial intelligence, among which deep learning
techniques excel. However, a key issue to make bioacoustic devices affordable
is the use of small footprint deep neural networks that can be embedded in
resource and battery constrained hardware platforms. For this reason, this work
presents a critical comparative analysis between two heavy and large footprint
deep neural networks (VGG16 and ResNet50) and a lightweight alternative,
MobileNetV2. Our experimental results reveal that MobileNetV2 achieves an
average F1-score less than a 5\% lower than ResNet50 (0.789 vs. 0.834),
performing better than VGG16 with a footprint size nearly 40 times smaller.
Moreover, to compare the models, we have created and made public the Western
Mediterranean Wetland Birds dataset, consisting of 201.6 minutes and 5,795
audio excerpts of 20 endemic bird species of the Aiguamolls de l'Empord\`a
Natural Park.


  The evolution equations of quantum observables are derived from the classical
Hamiltonian equations of motion with the only additional assumption that the
phase space is non-commutative. The demonstration of the quantum evolution laws
is quite general; it does not rely on any assumption on the operator nature of
x and p and is independent of the quantum mechanical formalism.


  Starting with any nondegenerate triangle we can use a well defined interior
point of the triangle to subdivide it into six smaller triangles. We can repeat
this process with each new triangle, and continue doing so over and over. We
show that starting with any arbitrary triangle, the resulting set of triangles
formed by this process contains triangles arbitrarily close (up to similarity)
any given triangle when the point that we use to subdivide is the incenter. We
also show that the smallest angle in a "typical" triangle after repeated
subdivision for many generations does not have the smallest angle going to
zero.


  Despite the importance of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics in modern
physics and related fields, the topic is often omitted from undergraduate and
core-graduate curricula. Key aspects of non-equilibrium physics, however, can
be understood with a minimum of formalism based on a rigorous trajectory
picture. The fundamental object is the ensemble of trajectories, a set of
independent time-evolving systems that easily can be visualized or simulated
(for protein folding, e.g.), and which can be analyzed rigorously in analogy to
an ensemble of static system configurations. The trajectory picture provides a
straightforward basis for understanding first-passage times, "mechanisms" in
complex systems, and fundamental constraints the apparent reversibility of
complex processes. Trajectories make concrete the physics underlying the
diffusion and Fokker-Planck partial differential equations. Last but not least,
trajectory ensembles underpin some of the most important algorithms which have
provided significant advances in biomolecular studies of protein conformational
and binding processes.


  We develop the global constraint picture in the (linear) effective field
theory generalisation of the Standard Model, incorporating data from detectors
that operated at PEP, PETRA, TRISTAN, SpS, Tevatron, SLAC, LEPI and LEP II, as
well as low energy precision data. We fit one hundred and three observables. We
develop a theory error metric for this effective field theory, which is
required when constraints on parameters at leading order in the power counting
are to be pushed to the percent level, or beyond, unless the cut off scale is
assumed to be large, $\Lambda \gtrsim \, 3 \, {\rm TeV}$. We more consistently
incorporate theoretical errors in this work, avoiding this assumption, and as a
direct consequence bounds on some leading parameters are relaxed. We show how
an $\rm S,T$ analysis is modified by the theory errors we include as an
illustrative example.


  Recent observations of the luminosity-red shift relation of distant type Ia
supernovae established the fact that the expansion of the universe is
accelerated. This is interpreted by saying that there exists some kind of agent
(called dark energy), which exerts an overall repulsive effect on ordinary
matter. Dark energy contributes today in the amount of about 73 % to the total
energy content of the universe, and its spatial distribution is compatible with
perfect uniformity. The simplest possible explanation for dark energy is to
assume that it is just a universal constant, the so called cosmological
constant. This would mean that the background arena for all natural phenomena,
once all physical matter-energy has been ideally removed, is the de Sitter
space time. Thus, the Poincar\'e group should be replaced by the de Sitter
group, and one is naturally led to a reformulation of the theory of special
relativity on these grounds. The absence of a privileged class of equivalent
frames (inertial frames) suggests that, in de Sitter relativity it would be
desirable, to characterize significant physical quantities in an intrinsic way,
namely in a manner independent of the choice of any particular coordinate
patch. In this talk we would like to show how this can be accomplished for any
set of independent conserved quantities along the geodesic motion of a free de
Sitter particle. These quantities allow for a natural discussion of classical
pointlike scattering and decay processes.


  The spectra of the scalar ($\sigma$) and vector ($\omega$) mesons in nuclear
matter are studied in detail using the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model. It is
shown that above normal nuclear matter density the effects of $\sigma$-$\omega$
mixing and the decay of the $\sigma$ into $2\pi$ change the spectra of $\sigma$
and $\omega$ mesons considerably. As in Quantum Hadrodynamics we find a
remarkable spectral change in the $\sigma$ meson and the longitudinal mode of
the $\omega$ meson, namely a two-peak structure.


  This work focuses on the temporal average of the backward Euler--Maruyama
(BEM) method, which is used to approximate the ergodic limit of stochastic
ordinary differential equations with super-linearly growing drift coefficients.
We give the central limit theorem (CLT) of the temporal average, which
characterizes the asymptotics in distribution of the temporal average. When the
deviation order is smaller than the optimal strong order, we directly derive
the CLT of the temporal average through that of original equations and the
uniform strong order of the BEM method. For the case that the deviation order
equals to the optimal strong order, the CLT is established via the Poisson
equation associated with the generator of original equations. Numerical
experiments are performed to illustrate the theoretical results.


  We present a simple analytic model, that captures the key features of the
emission of radiation from material ejected by the merger of neutron stars
(NS), and construct the multi-band and bolometric luminosity light curves of
the transient associated with GW170817, AT\,2017gfo, using all available data.
The UV to IR emission is shown to be consistent with a single
$\approx0.05$\,M$_\odot$ component ejecta, with a power-law velocity
distribution between $\approx 0.1\,c$ and $>0.3\,c$, a low opacity,
{$\kappa<1$\,cm$^2$\,g$^{-1}$}, and a radioactive energy release rate
consistent with an initial $Y_{\rm e}<0.4$. The late time spectra require an
opacity of $\kappa_\nu\approx0.1$\,cm$^2$\,g$^{-1}$ at 1 to $2\mu$m. If this
opacity is provided entirely by Lanthanides, their implied mass fraction is
$X_{\rm Ln}\approx10^{-3}$, approximately 30 times below the value required to
account for the solar abundance. The inferred value of $X_{\rm Ln}$ is
uncertain due to uncertainties in the estimates of IR opacities of heavy
elements, which also do not allow the exclusion of a significant contribution
to the opacity by other elements (the existence of a slower ejecta rich in
Lanthanides, that does not contribute significantly to the luminosity, can also
not be ruled out). The existence of a relatively massive, $\approx
0.05$\,M$_\odot$, ejecta with high velocity and low opacity is in tension with
the results of numerical simulations of NS mergers.


  We experimentally demonstrate phase retrieval of a single-soliton Kerr comb
using electric field cross-correlation implemented via dual-comb
interferometry. The phase profile of the Kerr comb is acquired through the
heterodyne beat between the Kerr comb and a reference electro-optical comb with
a pre-characterized phase profile. The soliton Kerr comb has a nearly flat
phase profile, and the pump line is observed to show a phase offset which
depends on the pumping parameters. The experimental results are in agreement
with numerical simulations. Our all-linear approach enables rapid measurements
(3.2 $\mu$s) with low input power (20 $\mu$W).


  The integer quantum Hall effect is a topological state of quantum matter in
two dimensions, and has recently been observed in three-dimensional topological
insulator thin films. Here we study the Landau levels and edge states of
surface Dirac fermions in topological insulators under strong magnetic field.
We examine the formation of the quantum plateaux of the Hall conductance and
find two different patterns, in one pattern the filling number covers all
integers while only odd integers in the other. We focus on the quantum plateau
closest to zero energy and demonstrate the breakdown of the quantum spin Hall
effect resulting from structure inversion asymmetry. The phase diagrams of the
quantum Hall states are presented as functions of magnetic field, gate voltage
and chemical potential. This work establishes an intuitive picture of the edge
states to understand the integer quantum Hall effect for Dirac electrons in
topological insulator thin films.


  Spin-1 resonances are naturally present in composite Higgs frameworks. We
first review a model independent approach to parametrize a single additional
heavy triplet and then we consider more realistic models arising in composite
Higgs scenarios where a larger number of spin-1 resonances is expected. In
these cases, finite width and interference effects can heavily affect the
bounds extracted from the data.


  Bell nonlocality as a resource for device independent certification schemes
has been studied extensively in recent years. The strongest form of device
independent certification is referred to as self-testing, which given a device
certifies the promised quantum state as well as quantum measurements performed
on it without any knowledge of the internal workings of the device. In spite of
various results on self-testing protocols, it remains a highly nontrivial
problem to propose a certification scheme of qudit-qudit entangled states based
on violation of a single $d$-outcome Bell inequality. Here we address this
problem and propose a self-testing protocol for the maximally entangled state
of any local dimension using the minimum number of measurements possible, i.e.,
two per subsystem. Our self-testing result can be used to establish unbounded
randomness expansion, $\log_2d$ perfect random bits, while it requires only one
random bit to encode the measurement choice.


  While (1) serverless computing is emerging as a popular form of cloud
execution, datacenters are going through major changes: (2) storage
dissaggregation in the system infrastructure level and (3) integration of
domain-specific accelerators in the hardware level. Each of these three trends
individually provide significant benefits; however, when combined the benefits
diminish. Specifically, the paper makes the key observation that for serverless
functions, the overhead of accessing dissaggregated persistent storage
overshadows the gains from accelerators. Therefore, to benefit from all these
trends in conjunction, we propose Domain-Specific Computational Storage for
Serverless (DSCS-Serverless). This idea contributes a serverless model that
leverages a programmable accelerator within computational storage to conjugate
the benefits of acceleration and storage disaggregation simultaneously. Our
results with eight applications shows that integrating a comparatively small
accelerator within the storage (DSCS-Serverless) that fits within its power
constrains (15 Watts), significantly outperforms a traditional disaggregated
system that utilizes the NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti GPU (250 Watts). Further, the work
highlights that disaggregation, serverless model, and the limited power budget
for computation in storage require a different design than the conventional
practices of integrating microprocessors and FPGAs. This insight is in contrast
with current practices of designing computational storage that are yet to
address the challenges associated with the shifts in datacenters. In comparison
with two such conventional designs that either use quad-core ARM A57 or a
Xilinx FPGA, DSCS-Serverless provides 3.7x and 1.7x end-to-end application
speedup, 4.3x and 1.9x energy reduction, and 3.2x and 2.3x higher cost
efficiency, respectively.


  We present a framework for gesture customization requiring minimal examples
from users, all without degrading the performance of existing gesture sets. To
achieve this, we first deployed a large-scale study (N=500+) to collect data
and train an accelerometer-gyroscope recognition model with a cross-user
accuracy of 95.7% and a false-positive rate of 0.6 per hour when tested on
everyday non-gesture data. Next, we design a few-shot learning framework which
derives a lightweight model from our pre-trained model, enabling knowledge
transfer without performance degradation. We validate our approach through a
user study (N=20) examining on-device customization from 12 new gestures,
resulting in an average accuracy of 55.3%, 83.1%, and 87.2% on using one,
three, or five shots when adding a new gesture, while maintaining the same
recognition accuracy and false-positive rate from the pre-existing gesture set.
We further evaluate the usability of our real-time implementation with a user
experience study (N=20). Our results highlight the effectiveness, learnability,
and usability of our customization framework. Our approach paves the way for a
future where users are no longer bound to pre-existing gestures, freeing them
to creatively introduce new gestures tailored to their preferences and
abilities.


  The task of graph-to-text generation aims at producing sentences that
preserve the meaning of input graphs. As a crucial defect, the current
state-of-the-art models may mess up or even drop the core structural
information of input graphs when generating outputs. We propose to tackle this
problem by leveraging richer training signals that can guide our model for
preserving input information. In particular, we introduce two types of
autoencoding losses, each individually focusing on different aspects (a.k.a.
views) of input graphs. The losses are then back-propagated to better calibrate
our model via multi-task training. Experiments on two benchmarks for
graph-to-text generation show the effectiveness of our approach over a
state-of-the-art baseline. Our code is available at
\url{http://github.com/Soistesimmer/AMR-multiview}.


  We construct the first non-trivial examples of compact non-isometric
Alexandrov spaces which are isospectral with respect to the Laplacian and not
isometric to Riemannian orbifolds. This construction generalizes independent
earlier results by the authors based on Schueth's version of the torus method.


  We apply the flow equation method for studying the current-current response
function of electron systems with the pairing instability. To illustrate the
specific scheme in which the flow equation procedure determines the
two-particle Green's functions we reproduce the standard response kernel of the
BCS superconductor. We next generalize this non-perturbative treatment
considering the pairing field fluctuations. Our study indicates that the
residual diamagnetic behavior detected above the transition temperature in the
cuprate superconductors can originate from the noncondensed preformed pairs.


  Notwithstanding known obstructions to this idea, we formulate an attempt to
turn quantization into a functorial procedure. We define a category PO of
Poisson manifolds, whose objects are integrable Poisson manifolds and whose
arrows are isomorphism classes of regular Weinstein dual pairs; it follows that
identity arrows are symplectic groupoids, and that two objects are isomorphic
in PO iff they are Morita equivalent in the sense of P. Xu. It has a
subcategory LPO that has duals of integrable Lie algebroids as objects and
cotangent bundles as arrows. We argue that naive C*-algebraic quantization
should be functorial from LPO to the well-known category KK, whose objects are
separable C*-algebras and whose arrows are Kasparov's KK-groups. This limited
functoriality of quantization would already imply the Atiyah-Singer index
theorem, as well as its far-reaching generalizations developed by Connes and
others. In the category KK, isomorphism of objects implies isomorphism of
K-theory groups, so that the functoriality of quantization on all of PO would
imply that Morita equivalent Poisson algebras are quantized by C*-algebras with
isomorphic K-theories. Finally, we argue that the correct codomain for the
possible functoriality of quantization is the category RKK(I), which takes the
deformation aspect of quantization into account.


  Question generation is a challenging task which aims to ask a question based
on an answer and relevant context. The existing works suffer from the
mismatching between question type and answer, i.e. generating a question with
type $how$ while the answer is a personal name. We propose to automatically
predict the question type based on the input answer and context. Then, the
question type is fused into a seq2seq model to guide the question generation,
so as to deal with the mismatching problem. We achieve significant improvement
on the accuracy of question type prediction and finally obtain state-of-the-art
results for question generation on both SQuAD and MARCO datasets.


  It is time-consuming to find the best product among many similar
alternatives. Comparative sentences can help to contrast one item from others
in a way that highlights important features of an item that stand out. Given
reviews of one or multiple items and relevant item features, we generate
comparative review sentences to aid users to find the best fit. Specifically,
our model consists of three successive components in a transformer: (i) an item
encoding module to encode an item for comparison, (ii) a comparison generation
module that generates comparative sentences in an autoregressive manner, (iii)
a novel decoding method for user personalization. We show that our pipeline
generates fluent and diverse comparative sentences. We run experiments on the
relevance and fidelity of our generated sentences in a human evaluation study
and find that our algorithm creates comparative review sentences that are
relevant and truthful.


  The model under consideration is a semi-infinite two-dimensional
two-component plasma (Coulomb gas), stable against bulk collapse for the
dimensionless coupling constant $\beta<2$, in contact with a dielectric wall of
dielectric constant $=0$. The model is mapped onto an integrable sine-Gordon
theory with a ``free'' Neumann boundary condition. Using recent results on a
reflection relationship between the boundary Liouville and sine-Gordon
theories, an explicit expression is derived for the surface tension at a
rectilinear dielectric -- Coulomb gas interface. This expression reproduces the
Debye-H\"uckel $\beta \to 0$ limit and the exact result at the bulk collapse
border, the free-fermion point $\beta =2$, where the surface tension keeps a
finite value. The surface collapse, identified with the divergence of the
surface tension, occurs at $\beta =3$.


  Waves propagating through a weakly scattering random medium show a pronounced
branching of the flow accompanied by the formation of freak waves, i.e.,
extremely intense waves. Theory predicts that this strong fluctuation regime is
accompanied by its own fundamental length scale of transport in random media,
parametrically different from the mean free path or the localization length. We
show numerically how the scintillation index can be used to assess the scaling
behavior of the branching length. We report the experimental observation of
this scaling using microwave transport experiments in quasi-two-dimensional
resonators with randomly distributed weak scatterers. Remarkably, the scaling
range extends much further than expected from random caustics statistics.


  Gestures performed accompanying the voice are essential for voice interaction
to convey complementary semantics for interaction purposes such as wake-up
state and input modality. In this paper, we investigated voice-accompanying
hand-to-face (VAHF) gestures for voice interaction. We targeted hand-to-face
gestures because such gestures relate closely to speech and yield significant
acoustic features (e.g., impeding voice propagation). We conducted a user study
to explore the design space of VAHF gestures, where we first gathered candidate
gestures and then applied a structural analysis to them in different dimensions
(e.g., contact position and type), outputting a total of 8 VAHF gestures with
good usability and least confusion. To facilitate VAHF gesture recognition, we
proposed a novel cross-device sensing method that leverages heterogeneous
channels (vocal, ultrasound, and IMU) of data from commodity devices (earbuds,
watches, and rings). Our recognition model achieved an accuracy of 97.3% for
recognizing 3 gestures and 91.5% for recognizing 8 gestures, excluding the
"empty" gesture, proving the high applicability. Quantitative analysis also
sheds light on the recognition capability of each sensor channel and their
different combinations. In the end, we illustrated the feasible use cases and
their design principles to demonstrate the applicability of our system in
various scenarios.


  With the current measurements performed by CMS and ATLAS experiments, the
light charged Higgs scenario ($m_{H^{\pm}}$ $<$ 160 GeV), is excluded for most
of the parameter space in the context of MSSM. However, there is still
possibility to look for heavy charged Higgs boson particularly in the
$s$-channel single top production process where the charged Higgs may appear as
a heavy resonance state and decay to $t\bar{b}$. The production process under
consideration in this paper is $pp \ra H^{\pm} \ra t\bar{b}~+~h.c.$, where the
top quark decays to $W^{+}b$ and $W^{+}$ boson subsequently decays to two light
jets. It is shown that despite the presence of large QCD and electroweak
background events, the charged Higgs signal can be extracted and observed at a
large area of MSSM parameter space ($m_{H^{\pm}}$,tan$\beta$) at LHC. The
observability of charged Higgs is potentially demonstrated with 5$\sigma$
contours and $95\%$ confidence level exclusion curves at different integrated
LHC luminosities assuming a nominal center of mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 14
TeV.


  We formulate a novel characterization of a family of invertible maps between
two-dimensional domains. Our work follows two classic results: The
Rad\'o-Kneser-Choquet (RKC) theorem, which establishes the invertibility of
harmonic maps into a convex planer domain; and Tutte's embedding theorem for
planar graphs - RKC's discrete counterpart - which proves the invertibility of
piecewise linear maps of triangulated domains satisfying a discrete-harmonic
principle, into a convex planar polygon. In both theorems, the convexity of the
target domain is essential for ensuring invertibility. We extend these
characterizations, in both the continuous and discrete cases, by replacing
convexity with a less restrictive condition. In the continuous case,
Alessandrini and Nesi provide a characterization of invertible harmonic maps
into non-convex domains with a smooth boundary by adding additional conditions
on orientation preservation along the boundary. We extend their results by
defining a condition on the normal derivatives along the boundary, which we
call the cone condition; this condition is tractable and geometrically
intuitive, encoding a weak notion of local invertibility. The cone condition
enables us to extend Alessandrini and Nesi to the case of harmonic maps into
non-convex domains with a piecewise-smooth boundary. In the discrete case, we
use an analog of the cone condition to characterize invertible
discrete-harmonic piecewise-linear maps of triangulations. This gives an analog
of our continuous results and characterizes invertible discrete-harmonic maps
in terms of the orientation of triangles incident on the boundary.


  We prove a variety of results about the group von Neumann algebras associated
to Thompson-like groups arising from so called $d$-ary cloning systems. Cloning
systems are a framework developed by Witzel and the second author, with a
$d$-ary version subsequently developed by Skipper and the second author, which
can be used to construct generalizations of the classical Thompson's groups
$F$, $T$, and $V$. Given a family of groups $(G_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ with a
$d$-ary cloning system, we get a Thompson-like group $\mathscr{T}_d(G_*)$, and
in this paper we find some mild, natural conditions under which the group von
Neumann algebra $\mathcal{L}(\mathscr{T}_d(G_*))$ has desirable properties. For
instance, if the $d$-ary cloning system is "fully compatible" and "diverse"
then we prove that $\mathcal{L}(\mathscr{T}_d(G_*))$ is a type $\textrm{II}_1$
factor. If moreover the $d$-ary cloning system is "uniform" and "slightly pure"
then we prove $\mathcal{L}(\mathscr{T}_d(G_*))$ is even a McDuff factor, so
$\mathscr{T}_d(G_*)$ is inner amenable. Examples of $d$-ary cloning systems
satisfying these conditions are easy to come by, and include many existing
examples, for instance our results show that for $bV$ and $bF$ the
Brin-Dehornoy braided Thompson group and pure braided Thompson group,
$\mathcal{L}(bV)$ and $\mathcal{L}(bF)$ are type $\textrm{II}_1$ factors and
$\mathcal{L}(bF)$ is McDuff. In particular we get the surprising result that
$bF$ is inner amenable.


  We study the open, closed, and non-degenerate embedding dimensions of neural
codes, which are the smallest respective dimensions in which one can find a
realization of a code consisting of convex sets that are open, closed, or
non-degenerate in a sense defined by Cruz, Giusti, Itskov, and Kronholm. For a
given code $\mathcal C$ we define the embedding dimension vector to be the
triple $(a,b,c)$ consisting of these embedding dimensions. Existing results
guarantee that $\max\{a,b\} \le c$, and we show that when any of these
dimensions is at least 2 this is the only restriction on such vectors.
Specifically, for every triple $(a,b,c)$ with $2\le \min \{a,b\}$ and
$\max\{a,b\}\le c$ we construct a code $\mathcal C_{(a,b,c)}$ whose embedding
dimension vector is exactly $(a,b,c)$. Our constructions combine two existing
tools in the convex neural codes literature: sunflowers of convex open sets,
and rigid structures, the latter of which was recently defined in work of Chan,
Johnston, Lent, Ruys de Perez, and Shiu. Our constructions provide the first
examples of codes whose closed embedding dimension is larger than their open
embedding dimension, but still finite.


  We argue that the Einstein-Yang-Mills theory presents nontrivial solutions
with a NUT charge. These solutions approach asymptotically the Taub-NUT
spacetime. They are characterized by the NUT parameter, the mass and the node
numbers of the magnetic potential and present both electric and magnetic
potentials.=0D The existence of nontrivial Einstein-Yang-Mills solutions with
NUT charge in the presence of a negative cosmological constant is also
discussed. We use the counterterm subtraction method to calculate the boundary
energy-momentum tensor and the mass of these configurations. Also, dyon black
hole solutions with nonspherical event horizon topology are shown to exist for
a negative cosmological constant.


  We develop a novel stepsize based on \BB method for solving some challenging
optimization problems efficiently, named regularized \BB (RBB) stepsize. We
indicate that RBB stepsize is the close solution to a
$\ell_{2}^{2}$-regularized least squares problem. When the regularized item
vanishes, the RBB stepsize reduces to the original \BB stepsize. RBB stepsize
includes a class of valid stepsizes, such as another version of \BB stepsize.
The global convergence of the corresponding RBB algorithm is proved in solving
convex quadratic optimization problems. One scheme for adaptively generating
regularization parameters was proposed, named adaptive two-step parameter. An
enhanced RBB stepsize is used for solving quadratic and general optimization
problems more efficiently. RBB stepsize could overcome the instability of BB
stepsize in many ill-conditioned optimization problems. Moreover, RBB stepsize
is more robust than BB stepsize in numerical experiments. Numerical examples
show the advantage of using the proposed stepsize to solve some challenging
optimization problems vividly.


  Given a tripartite quantum state on $A,B,C$ and the erasure channel on $C$,
the rotated Petz map is a recovery channel that acts on $B$ to recover the
erased quantum information. The infidelity of the best recovery is
upper-bounded by the conditional mutual information (CMI). In this work, we
study the infidelity of the rotated Petz map on several physically-relevant
long-range entangled quantum states. Specifically, we study three classes of
quantum phases: (i) steady states of measurement-induced phase transitions,
(ii) critical ground state under local measurements, and (iii) chiral states
under local measurements. We find that the average Petz map infidelity sharply
distinguishes the three classes: (i) and (ii) are distinguished by the scaling
of the infidelity with CMI and (iii) is characterized by an asymmetry of the
infidelity with the rotation parameter. We also study Petz map recovery for
topological order and find an operational interpretation of the topological
entanglement entropy. Our result indicates that the Petz map fidelity is a
useful diagnostic of quantum phases of matter.


  An analysis of the Wigner function for identical particles is presented. Four
situations have been considered. i) A scattering process between two
indistinguishable electrons described by a minimum uncertainty wave packets
showing the exchange and correlation hole in Wigner phase space. ii) An
equilibrium ensemble of N electrons in a one-dimensional box and in a
one-dimensional harmonic potential showing that the reduced single particle
Wigner function as a function of the energy defined in the Wigner phase-space
tends to a Fermi distribution. iii) The reduced one-particle transport-equation
for the Wigner function in the case of interacting electrons showing the need
for the two-particle reduced Wigner function within the BBGKY hierarchy scheme.
iv) The electron-phonon interaction in the two-particle case showing
co-participation of two electrons in the interaction with the phonon bath.


  We develop a skein exact sequence for knot Floer homology, involving singular
knots. This leads to an explicit, algebraic description of knot Floer homology
in terms of a braid projection of the knot.


  In this paper, we investigate the cosmological viability of a double scalar
field model motivated by warm inflation. To this end, we first set up the
theoretical framework in which dark energy, dark matter and inflation are
accounted for in a triple unification scheme. We then compute the overall
dynamics of the model, analyzing the physical role of coupling parameters.
Focussing on the late-time evolution, we test the model against current data.
Specifically, using the low-redshift Pantheon Supernovae Ia and Hubble cosmic
chronometers measurements, we perform a Bayesian analysis through the Monte
Carlo Markov Chains method of integration on the free parameters of the model.
We find that the mean values of the free parameters constrained by observations
lie within suitable theoretical ranges, and the evolution of the scalar fields
provides a good resemblance to the features of the dark sector of the universe.
Such behaviour is confirmed by the outcomes of widely adopted selection
criteria, suggesting a statistical evidence comparable to that of the standard
$\Lambda$CDM cosmology. We finally discuss the presence of large uncertainties
over the free parameters of the model and we debate about fine-tuning issues
related to the coupling constants.


  As a possible approach to the neutrino oscillation on the basis of quantum
field theory, the expectation values of the flavor-neutrino currents are
investigated by employing the finite-time transition matrix in the interaction
representation. Such expectation values give us in the simplest form a possible
way of treating the neutrino oscillation without recourse to any one
flavor-neutrino states. The present paper is devoted to presenting the
formulation and the main structures of the relevant expectation values.


  We show that a 2D projection is representative of its corresponding 3D
distribution at a confidence level of 90 % if it follows a King profile and if
we consider the whole spatial distribution. The level is significantly lower
and not decisive in the vicinity of the 2D cluster center. On another hand, if
we verify the reciprocal statement of the Mattig's distribution (1958) -i.e. a
flux limited sample is represented by a 0.6 slope of its count law-, we point
out that, due to the usual unaccuracy of the slope determination, a slope of
0.6 is not a sufficiently strict criterion for completeness and uniformity of a
sample as often used in the literature.


  We investigate the nature of the continuum emission and stellar populations
in the inner 1-3 kiloparsecs of a complete sample of twenty-four southern radio
galaxies, and compare the results with a control sample of eighteen non-active
early-type galaxies. Twelve of the radio galaxies are classified as
Fanaroff-Riley type I (FRI), eight as FRII and four as intermediate or
undefined type (FRx). Optical long-slit spectra are used to perform spectral
synthesis as a function of distance from the nucleus at an average sampling of
0.5-1.0kpc and quantify the relative contributions of a blue featureless
continuum and stellar population components of different ages. Our main finding
is a systematic difference between the stellar populations of the radio and
control sample galaxies: the former have a larger contribution from an
intermediate age (1Gyr) component, suggesting a connection between the present
radio activity and a starburst which occurred about 1Gyr ago. In addition, we
find a correlation between the contribution of the 1Gyr component and the radio
power, suggesting that more massive starbursts have led to more powerful radio
emission. A similar relation is found between the radio power and the mean age
of the stellar population, in the sense that stronger nuclear activity is found
in younger galaxies.


  To minimize collision risks in the multi-agent path planning problem with
stochastic transition dynamics, we formulate a Markov decision process
congestion game with a multi-linear congestion cost. Players within the game
complete individual tasks while minimizing their own collision risks. We show
that the set of Nash equilibria coincides with the first-order KKT points of a
non-convex optimization problem. Our game is applied to a historical flight
plan over France to reduce collision risks between commercial aircraft.


  While measurement advances now allow extensive surveys of gene activity
(large numbers of genes across many samples), interpretation of these data is
often confounded by noise -- expression counts can differ strongly across
samples due to variation of both biological and experimental origin.
Complimentary to perturbation approaches, we extract functionally related
groups of genes by analyzing the standing variation within a sampled
population. To distinguish biologically meaningful patterns from
uninterpretable noise, we focus on correlated variation and develop a novel
density-based clustering approach that takes advantage of a percolation
transition generically arising in random, uncorrelated data. We apply our
approach to two contrasting RNA sequencing data sets that sample individual
variation -- across single cells of fission yeast and whole animals of C.
elegans worms -- and demonstrate robust applicability and versatility in
revealing correlated gene clusters of diverse biological origin, including cell
cycle phase, development/reproduction, tissue-specific functions, and feeding
history. Our technique exploits generic features of noisy high-dimensional data
and is applicable, beyond gene expression, to feature-rich data that sample
population-level variability in the presence of noise.


  Despite expanding research activity in gravitational lens modeling, there is
no particular software which is considered a standard. Much of the
gravitational lens modeling software is written by individual investigators for
their own use. Some gravitational lens modeling software is freely available
for download but is widely variable with regard to ease of use and quality of
documentation. This review of 13 software packages was undertaken to provide a
single source of information. Gravitational lens models are classified as
parametric models or non-parametric models, and can be further divided into
research and educational software. Software used in research includes the
GRAVLENS package (with both gravlens and lensmodel), Lenstool, LensPerfect,
glafic, PixeLens, SimpLens, Lensview, and GRALE. In this review, GravLensHD,
G-Lens, Gravitational Lensing, lens and MOWGLI are categorized as educational
programs that are useful for demonstrating various aspects of lensing. Each of
the 13 software packages is reviewed with regard to software features
(installation, documentation, files provided, etc.) and lensing features (type
of model, input data, output data, etc.) as well as a brief review of studies
where they have been used. Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of
strong gravitational lensing data for mass mapping, and suggest increased use
of these techniques in the future. Coupled with the advent of greatly improved
imaging, new approaches to modeling of strong gravitational lens systems are
needed. This is the first systematic review of strong gravitational lens
modeling software, providing investigators with a starting point for future
software development to further advance gravitational lens modeling research.


  A whole series of expressions for four species of multipoles (electric,
magnetic, magnetic toroidal, and electric toroidal) is provided as a complete
basis set to describe arbitrary single-centered spinful electron systems. A
compact formula to calculate matrix elements of these multipoles is also
derived. A visualization method of an electronic state characterized in terms
of multipoles is proposed. The complete basis set is useful to narrow down a
candidate order parameter of electron systems in phase transition, to describe
a property of cross-correlated phenomena, to analyze spectra of x-ray
scattering in magnetically ordered state, and so on. We demonstrate a usage of
the complete basis set by taking monopole and toroidal dipole orderings, and
the mutual relationship among three distinct magnetic dipoles (orbital, spin
angular momenta and anisotropic dipole) in a spin-orbit coupled system as prime
examples.


  In this paper we propose a model predictive control scheme for constrained
fractional-order discrete-time systems. We prove that all constraints are
satisfied at all time instants and we prescribe conditions for the origin to be
an asymptotically stable equilibrium point of the controlled system. We employ
a finite-dimensional approximation of the original infinite-dimensional
dynamics for which the approximation error can become arbitrarily small. We use
the approximate dynamics to design a tube-based model predictive controller
which steers the system state to a neighbourhood of the origin of controlled
size. We finally derive stability conditions for the MPC-controlled system
which are computationally tractable and account for the infinite dimensional
nature of the fractional-order system and the state and input constraints. The
proposed control methodology guarantees asymptotic stability of the
discrete-time fractional order system, satisfaction of the prescribed
constraints and recursive feasibility.


  Recent X-ray surveys with Chandra and XMM-Newton have found several genuine
Type II quasars, the long sought-after population of high-luminosity
(high-redshift) Seyfert 2 galaxies, and a sizable number of Type II quasar
candidates. However, at present it is hard to know whether the on-going X-ray
surveys are providing a reliable and nearly complete census of the Type II
quasar population. In order to address this open issue and shed light on the
broad-band properties of Type II quasars, we used the sample of 291
high-ionization narrow emission-line AGN at z=0.3-0.83 selected from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey by Zakamska et al. (2003). Using archival X-ray information,
we were able to place constraints on the X-ray emission of 17 of these objects
(three X-ray detections and 14 upper limits). Using the [O III]5007 line
luminosities to predict the intrinsic X-ray power of the AGN, we found that at
least 47% of the objects in the observed sample provides evidence for the
presence of X-ray absorption (with N_H>10^22 cm^-2), including the four highest
luminosity sources with predicted unobscured luminosities of ~10^45 erg/s. For
the only source with moderate-quality XMM-Newton spectral data, all of the
pieces of the puzzle (2-10 keV luminosity of ~4x10^44 erg/s, N_H~1-3x10^22
cm^-2, and unobscured magnitude M_B=-26 assure that this is a genuine Type II
quasar.


  This short paper describes a numerical method for optimising the conservative
confidence bound on the reliability of a system based on tests of its
individual components. This is an alternative to the algorithmic approaches
identified in Bishop and Povyakalo (RESS 2020). For a given maximum number of
component tests, the numerical method can derive an optimal test plan for any
arbitrary system structure.
  The optimisation method is based on linear programming which is more
efficient that the alternative integer programming. In addition, the
optimisation process need only be performed once for any given system structure
as the solution can be re-used to compute an optimal integer test plan for a
different maximum number of component tests.
  This approach might have broader application to other optimisation problems
that are normally implemented using integer programming methods.


  The last half-dozen years have seen The American Statistician publish
well-argued and provocative calls to change our thinking about statistics and
how we teach it, among them Brown and Kass (2009), Nolan and Temple-Lang
(2010), and Legler et al. (2010). Within this past year, the ASA has issued a
new and comprehensive set of guidelines for undergraduate programs (ASA 2014).
Accepting (and applauding) all this as background, the current article argues
the need to rethink our curriculum from the ground up, and offers five
principles and two caveats intended to help us along the path toward a new
synthesis. These principles and caveats rest on my sense of three parallel
evolutions: the convergence of trends in the roles of mathematics, computation,
and context within statistics education. These ongoing changes, together with
the articles cited above and the seminal provocation by Leo Breiman (2001) call
for a deep rethinking of what we teach to undergraduates. In particular,
following Brown and Kass, we should put priority on two goals, to make
fundamental concepts accessible and to minimize prerequisites to research.


  We investigated temperature dependent Raman spectra of the one-dimensional
spin-ladder compound SrCu2O3. At low temperatures a two-magnon peak is
identified at 3160+/-10 cm^(-1) and its temperature dependence analyzed in
terms of a thermal expansion model. We find that the two-magnon peak position
must include a cyclic ring exchange of J_cycl/J_perp=0.09-0.25 with a coupling
constant along the rungs of J_perp approx. 1215 cm^(-1) (1750 K) in order to be
consistent with other experiments and theoretical results.