  Phonons (collective atomic vibrations in solids) are more effective in
transporting heat than photons. This is the reason why the conduction mode of
heat transport in nonmetals (mediated by phonons) is dominant compared to the
radiation mode of heat transport (mediated by photons). However, since phonons
are unable to traverse a vacuum gap (unlike photons) it is commonly believed
that two bodies separated by a gap cannot exchange heat via phonons. Recently,
a mechanism was proposed by which phonons can transport heat across a vacuum
gap - through Van der Waals interaction between two bodies with gap less than
wavelength of light. Such heat transfer mechanisms are highly relevant for
heating (and cooling) of nanostructures; the heating of the flying heads in
magnetic storage disks is a case in point. Here, the theoretical derivation for
modeling phonon transmission is revisited and extended to the case of two
bodies made of different materials separated by a vacuum gap. Magnitudes of
phonon transmission, and hence the heat transfer, for commonly used materials
in the micro and nano-electromechanical industry are calculated and compared
with the calculation of conduction heat transfer through air for small gaps.


  A brief review of the construction and classifiaction of the bicovariant
differential calculi on quantum groups is given.


  Using hydrodynamical simulations of entire galactic discs similar to the
Milky Way, reaching 4.6pc resolution, we study the origins of observed physical
properties of giant molecular clouds (GMCs). We find that efficient stellar
feedback is a necessary ingredient in order to develop a realistic interstellar
medium (ISM), leading to molecular cloud masses, sizes, velocity dispersions
and virial parameters in excellent agreement with Milky Way observations. GMC
scaling relations observed in the Milky Way, such as the mass-size ($M$--$R$),
velocity dispersion-size ($\sigma$--$R$), and the $\sigma$--$R\Sigma$
relations, are reproduced in a feedback driven ISM when observed in projection,
with $M\propto R^{2.3}$ and $\sigma\propto R^{0.56}$. When analysed in 3D, GMC
scaling relations steepen significantly, indicating potential limitations of
our understanding of molecular cloud 3D structure from observations.
Furthermore, we demonstrate how a GMC population's underlying distribution of
virial parameters can strongly influence the scatter in derived scaling
relations. Finally, we show that GMCs with nearly identical global properties
exist in different evolutionary stages, where a majority of clouds being either
gravitationally bound or expanding, but with a significant fraction being
compressed by external ISM pressure, at all times.


  Triadic interactions are higher-order interactions that occur when a set of
nodes affects the interaction between two other nodes. Examples of triadic
interactions are present in the brain when glia modulate the synaptic signals
among neuron pairs or when interneuron axon-axonic synapses enable presynaptic
inhibition and facilitation, and in ecosystems when one or more species can
affect the interaction among two other species. On random graphs, triadic
percolation has been recently shown to turn percolation into a fully-fledged
dynamical process in which the size of the giant component undergoes a route to
chaos. However, in many real cases, triadic interactions are local and occur on
spatially embedded networks. Here we show that triadic interactions in spatial
networks induce a very complex spatio-temporal modulation of the giant
component which gives rise to triadic percolation patterns with significantly
different topology. We classify the observed patterns (stripes, octopus, and
small clusters) with topological data analysis and we assess their information
content (entropy and complexity). Moreover, we illustrate the multistability of
the dynamics of the triadic percolation patterns and we provide a comprehensive
phase diagram of the model. These results open new perspectives in percolation
as they demonstrate that in presence of spatial triadic interactions, the giant
component can acquire a time-varying topology. Hence, this work provides a
theoretical framework that can be applied to model realistic scenarios in which
the giant component is time-dependent as in neuroscience.


  We study the electrostatic responses (i.e. retardation effects due to the
propagation of electromagnetic waves are ignored) of a linear homogeneous and
anisotropic (LHA) dielectric film to an arbitrary external electrostatic
potential, which may be generated by charges located either inside or outside
it. A formalism is developed to calculate the polarization charges induced in
the film. In our derivation, the idea is exploited that a physical boundary can
be looked upon as a region of rapid variation in polarization rather than a
simple geometric separation. With this no boundary conditions are needed in
solving the relevant electrostatics problem. Our approach makes it clear that
the responses consist of two contributions, one arising from the very presence
of surfaces while the other existing even in an infinite medium. The approach
can be applied not just to electrostatic but also many problems and is of great
pedagogical value. In light of the results, we discuss graphene plasma waves
under the influence of a LHA dielectric film such as a few-layer hexagonal
boron nitride. It is found that the dispersion of these waves is strongly
affected by the anisotropy at wavelengths comparable to the film thickness.


  The strange metallic regime across a number of high-temperature
superconducting materials presents numerous challenges to the classic theory of
Fermi liquid metals. Recent measurements of the dynamical charge response of
strange metals, including optimally doped cuprates, have revealed a broad,
featureless continuum of excitations, extending over much of the Brillouin
zone. The collective density oscillations of this strange metal decay into the
continuum in a manner that is at odds with the expectations of Fermi liquid
theory. Inspired by these observations, we investigate the phenomenology of
bosonic collective modes and the particle-hole excitations in a class of
strange metals by making an analogy to the phonons of classical lattices
falling apart across an unconventional jamming-like transition associated with
the onset of rigidity. By making comparisons to the experimentally measured
dynamical response functions, we reproduce many of the qualitative features
using the above framework. We conjecture that the dynamics of electronic charge
density over an intermediate range of energy scales in a class of strongly
correlated metals can be at the brink of a jamming-like transition.


  One of the more promising recent approaches to turbulence modelling is the
Variational Multiscale Large Eddy Simulation (VMS LES) method proposed by
Hughes et al. [Comp. Visual. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 47-59, 2000]. This method avoids
several conceptual issues of traditional filter-based LES by employing a priori
scale partitioning in the discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations.
  Most applications of VMS LES reported to date have been based on hierarchical
bases, in particular global spectral methods, in which scale partitioning is
straightforward. In the present work we describe the implementation of the
methodology in a three-dimensional high-order spectral element method with a
nodal basis. We report results from coarse grid simulations of turbulent
channel flow at different Reynolds numbers to assess the performance of the
model.
  Key words: Large eddy simulation, variational multiscale method, spectral
element method, incompressible flow 1991 MSC: 76F65, 65M60, 65M70 PACS:
47.27.Eq, 02.70.Hm, 02.70.Dh


  A number of problems in quantum state and system identification are
addressed. Specifically, it is shown that the maximum likelihood estimation
(MLE) approach, already known to apply to quantum state tomography, is also
applicable to quantum process tomography (estimating the Kraus operator sum
representation (OSR)), Hamiltonian parameter estimation, and the related
problems of state and process (OSR) distribution estimation. Except for
Hamiltonian parameter estimation, the other MLE problems are formally of the
same type of convex optimization problem and therefore can be solved very
efficiently to within any desired accuracy.
  Associated with each of these estimation problems, and the focus of the
paper, is an optimal experiment design (OED) problem invoked by the Cramer-Rao
Inequality: find the number of experiments to be performed in a particular
system configuration to maximize estimation accuracy; a configuration being any
number of combinations of sample times, hardware settings, prepared initial
states, etc. We show that in all of the estimation problems, including
Hamiltonian parameter estimation, the optimal experiment design can be obtained
by solving a convex optimization problem.
  Software to solve the MLE and OED convex optimization problems is available
upon request from the first author.


  In this proceeding, we present the new precise directed flow $v_{1}$,
measurement of $\pi$, $K$, $p$ and $\phi$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm
NN}}$ = 27, 54.4 GeV and deuteron at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5 and
19.6 GeV. The first measurement of pseudorapidity and centrality dependence of
the $v_{1}$ of high-$p_{T}$ ($>$5 GeV/$c$) charged hadrons in Au+Au collisions
at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 200 GeV are reported. The elliptic flow $v_{2}$, of
identified hadrons ($\pi$, $K$, $p$, $\phi$, $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda$, $\Xi$,
$\Omega$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 54.4 GeV are also
presented. The results are compared with model calculations to discuss the
physics implications.


  Knowledge graphs (KGs) enhance the performance of large language models
(LLMs) and search engines by providing structured, interconnected data that
improves reasoning and context-awareness. However, KGs only focus on text data,
thereby neglecting other modalities such as speech. In this work, we introduce
wav2graph, the first framework for supervised learning knowledge graph from
speech data. Our pipeline are straightforward: (1) constructing a KG based on
transcribed spoken utterances and a named entity database, (2) converting KG
into embedding vectors, and (3) training graph neural networks (GNNs) for node
classification and link prediction tasks. Through extensive experiments
conducted in inductive and transductive learning contexts using
state-of-the-art GNN models, we provide baseline results and error analysis for
node classification and link prediction tasks on human transcripts and
automatic speech recognition (ASR) transcripts, including evaluations using
both encoder-based and decoder-based node embeddings, as well as monolingual
and multilingual acoustic pre-trained models. All related code, data, and
models are published online.


  The most general homogeneous and isotropic statistical ensemble of linear
scalar perturbations which are regular at early times, in a universe with only
photons, baryons, neutrinos, and a cold dark matter (CDM) component, is
described by a 5x5 symmetric matrix-valued generalization of the power
spectrum. This description is complete if the perturbations are Gaussian, and
even in the non-Gaussian case describes all observables quadratic in the small
perturbations. The matrix valued power spectrum describes the auto- and
cross-correlations of the adiabatic, baryon isocurvature, CDM isocurvature,
neutrino density isocurvature, and neutrino velocity isocurvature modes. In
this paper we examine the prospects for constraining or discovering
isocurvature modes using forthcoming MAP and PLANCK measurements of the cosmic
microwave background (CMB) anisotropy. We also consider the degradation in
estimates of the cosmological parameters resulting from the inclusion of these
modes. In the case of MAP measurements of the temperature alone, the
degradation is drastic. When isocurvature modes are admitted, uncertainties in
the amplitudes of the mode auto-- and cross--correlations, and in the
cosmological parameters, become of order one. With the inclusion of
polarisation (at an optimistic sensitivity) the situation improves for the
cosmological parameters but the isocurvature modes are still only weakly
constrained. Measurements with PLANCK's estimated errors are far more
constraining, especially so with the inclusion of polarisation. If PLANCK
operates as planned the amplitudes of isocurvature modes will be constrained to
less than ten per cent of the adiabatic mode and simultaneously key
cosmological parameters will be estimated to a few per cent or better.


  Recent investigations on optical nonlinearities of plasmonic materials
suggest their responses may be even beyond the usual perturbative description.
To better understand these surprisingly strong responses, we develop here a
simple but general approach to describe the nonlinear optical response of
plasmonic materials up to $n$th perturbation order. We apply the approach to
understand spectral broadening occurring in resonant metasurfaces and
investigate the enhancement of high-harmonic generation from multiply-resonant
metasurfaces, predicting an over million-fold enhancement of higher harmonics.


  The effect of topology on the thermodynamics of a gas of adjoint
representation charges interacting via 1+1 dimensional SU(N) gauge fields is
investigated. We demonstrate explicitly the existence of multiple vacua
parameterized by the discrete superselection variable k=1,...,N. In the low
pressure limit, the k dependence of the adjoint gas equation of state is
calculated and shown to be non-trivial. Conversely, in the limit of high system
pressure, screening by the adjoint charges results in an equation of state
independent of k. Additionally, the relation of this model to adjoint QCD at
finite temperature in two dimensions and the limit of large N are discussed.


  Recent microfluidic experiments revealed that large particles advected in a
fluidic loop display long-range hydrodynamic interactions. However, the
consequences of such couplings on the traffic dynamics in more complex networks
remain poorly understood. In this letter, we focus on the transport of a finite
number of particles in one-dimensional loop networks. By combining numerical,
theoretical, and experimental efforts, we evidence that this collective process
offers a unique example of Hamiltonian dynamics for hydrodynamically
interacting particles. In addition, we show that the asymptotic trajectories
are necessarily reciprocal despite the microscopic traffic rules explicitly
break the time reversal symmetry. We exploit these two remarkable properties to
account for the salient features of the effective three-particle interaction
induced by the exploration of fluidic loops.


  Using functional RG, we reexamine the glass phase of the 2D random-field Sine
Gordon model. It is described by a line of fixed points (FP) with a
super-roughening amplitude $\bar{(u(0)-u(r))^2} \sim A(T) \ln^2 r $ as
temperature $T$ is varied. A speculation is that this line is identical to the
one found in disordered free-fermion models via exact results from ``nearly
conformal'' field theory. This however predicts $A(T=0)=0$, contradicting
numerics. We point out that this result may be related to failure of
dimensional reduction, and that a functional RG method incorporating higher
harmonics and non-analytic operators predicts a non-zero $A(T=0)$ which
compares reasonably with numerics.


  Inspired by Gambetta's theory on the origins of the mafia in Sicily, we
report a geo-concentrating phenomenon of scams in China, and propose a novel
economic explanation. Our analysis has some policy implications.


  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling
neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by insufficient top-down modulation of
the amygdala activity by the prefrontal cortex. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback
(rtfMRI-nf) is an emerging method with potential for modifying the
amygdala-prefrontal interactions. We report the first controlled emotion
self-regulation study in veterans with combat-related PTSD utilizing rtfMRI-nf
of the amygdala activity. PTSD patients in the experimental group (EG, n=20)
learned to upregulate BOLD activity of the left amygdala (LA) using rtfMRI-nf
during a happy emotion induction task. PTSD patients in the control group (CG,
n=11) were provided with a sham rtfMRI-nf. The study included three rtfMRI-nf
training sessions, and EEG recordings were performed simultaneously with fMRI.
PTSD severity was assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS).
The EG participants showed a significant reduction in total CAPS ratings,
including significant reductions in avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms.
Overall, 80% of the EG participants demonstrated clinically meaningful
reductions in CAPS ratings, compared to 38% in the CG. During the first
session, fMRI connectivity of the LA with the orbitofrontal cortex and the
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was progressively enhanced, and this
enhancement significantly and positively correlated with initial CAPS ratings.
Left-lateralized enhancement in upper alpha EEG coherence also exhibited a
significant positive correlation with the initial CAPS. Reduction in PTSD
severity between the first and last rtfMRI-nf sessions significantly correlated
with enhancement in functional connectivity between the LA and the left DLPFC.
Our results demonstrate that the rtfMRI-nf of the amygdala activity has the
potential to correct the amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity
deficiencies specific to PTSD.


  In the context of a broad class of quenched models, we derive a generalized
differential form of the Kadanoff-Baym (KB) ansatz which relates the out of
equilibrium correlated and spectral Green's functions. This relation holds at
any time both before the quench (when it coincides with the
fluctuation-dissipation theorem) as well as after it. We also examine, in the
context of exactly soluble quenched models, the validity of some of the earlier
alternative extensions of the KB ansatz.


  The option of sharing images, videos and audio files on social media opens up
new possibilities for distinguishing between false information and fake news on
the Internet. Due to the vast amount of data shared every second on social
media, not all data can be verified by a computer or a human expert. Here, a
check-worthiness analysis can be used as a first step in the fact-checking
pipeline and as a filtering mechanism to improve efficiency. This paper
proposes a novel way of detecting the check-worthiness in multi-modal tweets.
It takes advantage of two classifiers, each trained on a single modality. For
image data, extracting the embedded text with an OCR analysis has shown to
perform best. By combining the two classifiers, the proposed solution was able
to place first in the CheckThat! 2023 Task 1A with an F1 score of 0.7297
achieved on the private test set.


  We study quasinormal modes for massive scalar fields in Schwarzschild-anti-de
Sitter black holes. When the mass-squared is above the Breitenlohner-Freedman
bound we show that for large angular momenta, $\ell$, there exist quasinormal
modes with imaginary parts of size $\exp(-\ell/C)$. We provide an asymptotic
expansion for the real parts of the modes closest to the real axis and identify
the vanishing of certain coefficients depending on the dimension.


  This is a condensed exposition of the results of a future work, based on a
talk of the second author at the Oberwolfach workshop "Poisson Geometry", April
30--4 May 2007.


  The profitability of various investment styles in investment funds depends on
macroeconomic conditions. Market ecology, which views financial markets as
ecosystems of diverse, interacting and evolving trading strategies, has shown
that endogenous interactions between strategies determine market behaviour and
styles' performance. We present Evology: a heterogeneous, empirically
calibrated multi-agent market ecology agent-based model to quantify endogenous
interactions between US equity mutual funds, particularly Value and Growth
investment styles. We outline the model design, validation and calibration
approach and its potential for optimising investment strategies using machine
learning algorithms.


  Cutting planes (cuts) are important for solving mixed-integer linear programs
(MILPs), which formulate a wide range of important real-world applications. Cut
selection -- which aims to select a proper subset of the candidate cuts to
improve the efficiency of solving MILPs -- heavily depends on (P1) which cuts
should be preferred, and (P2) how many cuts should be selected. Although many
modern MILP solvers tackle (P1)-(P2) by manually designed heuristics, machine
learning offers a promising approach to learn more effective heuristics from
MILPs collected from specific applications. However, many existing
learning-based methods focus on learning which cuts should be preferred,
neglecting the importance of learning the number of cuts that should be
selected. Moreover, we observe from extensive empirical results that (P3) what
order of selected cuts should be preferred has a significant impact on the
efficiency of solving MILPs as well. To address this challenge, we propose a
novel hierarchical sequence model (HEM) to learn cut selection policies via
reinforcement learning. Specifically, HEM consists of a two-level model: (1) a
higher-level model to learn the number of cuts that should be selected, (2) and
a lower-level model -- that formulates the cut selection task as a sequence to
sequence learning problem -- to learn policies selecting an ordered subset with
the size determined by the higher-level model. To the best of our knowledge,
HEM is the first method that can tackle (P1)-(P3) in cut selection
simultaneously from a data-driven perspective. Experiments show that HEM
significantly improves the efficiency of solving MILPs compared to
human-designed and learning-based baselines on both synthetic and large-scale
real-world MILPs, including MIPLIB 2017. Moreover, experiments demonstrate that
HEM well generalizes to MILPs that are significantly larger than those seen
during training.


  Recent experimental data indicates that the fine structure constant alpha may
be varying on cosmological time scales. We consider the possibility that such a
variation could be induced by a second order phase transition which occurs at
late times (z ~ 1 - 3) and involves a change in the vacuum expectation value
(vev) of a scalar with milli-eV mass. Such light scalars are natural in
supersymmetric theories with low SUSY breaking scale. If the vev of this scalar
contributes to masses of electrically charged fields, the low-energy value of
alpha changes during the phase transition. The observational predictions of
this scenario include isotope-dependent deviations from Newtonian gravity at
sub-millimeter distances, and (if the phase transition is a sharp event on
cosmological time scales) the presence of a well-defined step-like feature in
the alpha(z) plot. The relation between the fractional changes in alpha and the
QCD confinement scale is highly model dependent, and even in grand unified
theories the change in alpha does not need to be accompanied by a large shift
in nucleon masses.


  Following the discovery of the cosmic rays by Victor Hess in 1912, more than
70 years and numerous technological developments were needed before an
unambiguous detection of the first very-high-energy gamma-ray source in 1989
was made. Since this discovery the field on very-high-energy gamma-ray
astronomy experienced a true revolution: A second, then a third generation of
instruments were built, observing the atmospheric cascades from the ground,
either through the atmospheric Cherenkov light they comprise, or via the direct
detection of the charged particles they carry. Present arrays, 100 times more
sensitive than the pioneering experiments, have detected a large number of
astrophysical sources of various types, thus opening a new window on the
non-thermal Universe. New, even more sensitive instruments are currently being
built; these will allow us to explore further this fascinating domain. In this
article we describe the detection techniques, the history of the field and the
prospects for the future of ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy.


  Given a connected 2-complex X with fundamental group G, we show how pi_3(X)
may be computed as a module over Z[G]. Further we show that if X is a finite
connected 2-complex with G (the fundamental group) finite of odd order, then
the stable class of pi_3(X) is determined by G.


  We use spectra from the ALFALFA, GASS and COLD GASS surveys to quantify
variations in the mean atomic and molecular gas mass fractions throughout the
SFR-M* plane and along the main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies.
Although galaxies well below the MS tend to be undetected in the Arecibo and
IRAM observations, reliable mean atomic and molecular gas fractions can be
obtained through a spectral stacking technique. We find that the position of
galaxies in the SFR-M* plane can be explained mostly by their global cold gas
reservoirs as observed in the HI line, with in addition systematic variations
in the molecular-to-atomic ratio and star formation efficiency. When looking at
galaxies within +/-0.4 dex of the MS, we find that as stellar mass increases,
both atomic and molecular gas mass fractions decrease, stellar bulges become
more prominent, and the mean stellar ages increase. Both star formation
efficiency and molecular-to-atomic ratios vary little for massive main sequence
galaxies, indicating that the flattening of the MS is due to the global
decrease of the cold gas reservoirs of galaxies rather than to bottlenecks in
the process of converting cold atomic gas to stars.


  Kilonovae, one source of electromagnetic emission associated with neutron
star mergers, are powered by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the
neutron-rich merger ejecta. Models for kilonova emission consistent with the
electromagnetic counterpart to GW170817 predict characteristic abundance
patterns, determined by the relative balance of different types of material in
the outflow. Assuming the observed source is prototypical, this inferred
abundance pattern in turn must match $r$-process abundances deduced by other
means, such as what is observed in the solar system. We report on analysis
comparing the input mass-weighted elemental compositions adopted in our
radiative transfer simulations to the mass fractions of elements in the Sun, as
a practical prototype for the potentially universal abundance signature from
neutron-star mergers. We characterize the extent to which our parameter
inference results depend on our assumed composition for the dynamical and wind
ejecta and examine how the new results compare to previous work. We find that a
dynamical ejecta composition calculated using the FRDM2012 nuclear mass and
FRLDM fission models with extremely neutron-rich ejecta ($Y_{\rm{e}} = 0.035$)
along with moderately neutron-rich ($Y_{\rm e} = 0.27$) wind ejecta composition
yields a wind-to-dynamical mass ratio of $M_{\rm{w}}/M_{\rm{d}}$ = 0.47 which
best matches the observed AT2017gfo kilonova light curves while also producing
the best-matching abundance of neutron-capture elements in the solar system.


  Using photometry from the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) and photometry
and spectroscopy from three ground-based optical datasets we have analyzed the
stellar content of OB associations and field areas in and around the regions N
79, N 81, N 83, and N 94 in the LMC. We compare data for the OB association
Lucke-Hodge 2 (LH 2) to determine how strongly the initial mass function (IMF)
may depend on different photometric reductions and calibrations. We also
correct for the background contribution of field stars, showing the importance
of correcting for field star contamination in determinations of the IMF of star
formation regions. It is possible that even in the case of an universal IMF,
the variability of the density of background stars could be the dominant factor
creating the differences between calculated IMFs for OB associations.
  We have also combined the UIT data with the Magellanic Cloud Photometric
Survey to study the distribution of the candidate O-type stars in the field. We
find a significant fraction, roughly half, of the candidate O-type stars are
found in field regions, far from any obvious OB associations. These stars are
greater than 2 arcmin (30 pc) from the boundaries of existing OB associations
in the region, which is a distance greater than most O-type stars with typical
dispersion velocities will travel in their lifetimes. The origin of these
massive field stars (either as runaways, members of low-density star-forming
regions, or examples of isolated massive star formation) will have to be
determined by further observations and analysis.


  Bright squeezed vacuum, a promising tool for quantum information, can be
generated by high-gain parametric down-conversion. However, its frequency and
angular spectra are typically quite broad, which is undesirable for
applications requiring single-mode radiation. We tailor the frequency spectrum
of high-gain parametric down-conversion using an SU(1,1) interferometer
consisting of two nonlinear crystals with a dispersive medium separating them.
The dispersive medium allows us to select a narrow band of the frequency
spectrum to be exponentially amplified by high-gain parametric amplification.
The frequency spectrum is thereby narrowed from (56.5 +- 0.1) to (1.22 +- 0.02)
THz and, in doing so, the number of frequency modes is reduced from
approximately 50 to 1.82 +- 0.02. Moreover, this method provides control and
flexibility over the spectrum of the generated light through the timing of the
pump.


  In the past few years, the Chaplygin gas (CG) has been considered as an
appealing candidate for unifying dark matter and dark energy into a single
substance. This picture had to face several problems when trying to fit its
predictions with cosmological observations. We point out another potential
problem of this model, showing that, when the CG is described through a
classical scalar field, the corresponding trajectories are strongly unstable.
This implies that an extreme fine tuning must apply to the initial values of
the field in order to end up today with values allowed by observational data.


  This technical report briefly describes our JDExplore d-team's Vega v2
submission on the SuperGLUE leaderboard. SuperGLUE is more challenging than the
widely used general language understanding evaluation (GLUE) benchmark,
containing eight difficult language understanding tasks, including question
answering, natural language inference, word sense disambiguation, coreference
resolution, and reasoning. [Method] Instead of arbitrarily increasing the size
of a pretrained language model (PLM), our aim is to 1) fully extract knowledge
from the input pretraining data given a certain parameter budget, e.g., 6B, and
2) effectively transfer this knowledge to downstream tasks. To achieve goal 1),
we propose self-evolution learning for PLMs to wisely predict the informative
tokens that should be masked, and supervise the masked language modeling (MLM)
process with rectified smooth labels. For goal 2), we leverage the prompt
transfer technique to improve the low-resource tasks by transferring the
knowledge from the foundation model and related downstream tasks to the target
task. [Results] According to our submission record (Oct. 2022), with our
optimized pretraining and fine-tuning strategies, our 6B Vega method achieved
new state-of-the-art performance on 4/8 tasks, sitting atop the SuperGLUE
leaderboard on Oct. 8, 2022, with an average score of 91.3.


  In distributed computing, multiple processes interact to solve a problem
together. The main model of interaction is the message-passing model, where
processes communicate by exchanging messages. Nevertheless, there are several
models varying along important dimensions: degree of synchrony, kinds of
faults, number of faults... This variety is compounded by the lack of a general
formalism in which to abstract these models. One way to bring order is to
constrain these models to communicate in rounds. This is the setting of the
Heard-Of model, which captures many models through predicates on the messages
sent in a round and received on time. Yet, it is not easy to define the
predicate that captures a given operational model. The question is even harder
for the asynchronous case, as unbounded message delay means the implementation
of rounds must depend on details of the model. This paper shows that
characterising asynchronous models by heard-of predicates is indeed meaningful.
This characterization relies on delivered predicates, an intermediate
abstraction between the informal operational model and the heard-of predicates.
Our approach splits the problem into two steps: first extract the delivered
model capturing the informal model, and then characterize the heard-of
predicates that are generated by this delivered model. For the first part, we
provide examples of delivered predicates, and an approach to derive more. It
uses the intuition that complex models are a composition of simpler models. We
define operations like union, succession or repetition that make it easier to
derive complex delivered predicates from simple ones while retaining
expressivity. For the second part, we formalize and study strategies for when
to change rounds. Intuitively, the characterizing predicate of a model is the
one generated by a strategy that waits for as much messages as possible,
without blocking forever.


  The absence of interesting harmonic sections for the Sasaki and
Cheeger-Gromoll metrics has led to the consideration of alternatives, for
example in the form of a two-parameter family of natural metrics shown to relax
existence conditions for harmonicity. This article investigates harmonic
Killing vector fields, proves their non-existence on S^2, obtains rigidity
results for harmonic gradient vector fields on the two-sphere, classifies
spherical quadratic gradient fields in all dimensions and determines the
tension field, concluding with the discovery of a family of metrics making Hopf
vector fields harmonic maps on S^{2n+1}.


  Theory of representations of universal algebra is a natural development of
the theory of universal algebra. Morphism of the representation is the map that
conserve the structure of the representation. Exploring of morphisms of the
representation leads to the concepts of generating set and basis of
representation. In the book I considered the notion of tower of representations
of $F_i$-algebras, i=1 ..., n, as the set of coordinated representations of
$F_i$-algebras.


  Chandrayaan-2, the second Indian mission to the Moon, carries a spectrometer
called the Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) to perform soft X-ray spectral
measurements of the Sun while a companion payload measures the fluorescence
emission from the Moon. Together these two payloads will provide quantitative
estimates of elemental abundances on the lunar surface. XSM is also expected to
provide significant contributions to the solar X-ray studies with its highest
time cadence and energy resolution spectral measurements. For this purpose, the
XSM employs a Silicon Drift Detector and carries out energy measurements of
incident photons in the 1 -- 15 keV range with a resolution of less than 180 eV
at 5.9 keV, over a wide range of solar X-ray intensities. Extensive ground
calibration experiments have been carried out with the XSM using laboratory
X-ray sources as well as X-ray beam-line facilities to determine the instrument
response matrix parameters required for quantitative spectral analysis. This
includes measurements of gain, spectral redistribution function, and effective
area, under various observing conditions. The capability of the XSM to maintain
its spectral performance at high incident flux as well as the dead-time and
pile-up characteristics have also been investigated. The results of these
ground calibration experiments of the XSM payload are presented in this
article.


  Quantum gauge theories with finite-dimensional representation spaces are
constructed that can have canonical gauge field theories as singular limits.
They describe nature as a recursive quantum assembly by iterating Fermi-Dirac
quantification. Six iterations are necessary and sufficient for present
physics. The gauge structure, the spin-statistics correlation, the space-time
metric, and the Higgs field are modeled.


  We outline a proof of a geometric version of the Satake isomorphism. Given a
connected, complex algebraic reductive group G we show that the tensor category
of representations of the dual group $\check G$ is naturally equivalent to a
certain category of perverse sheaves on the loop Grassmannian of G. The above
result has been announced by Ginsburg in \cite{G} and some of the arguments are
borrowed from \cite{G}. However, we use a more "natural" commutativity
constraint for the convolution product, due to Drinfeld. Secondly, we give a
direct geometric proof that the global cohomology functor is exact and
decompose this cohomology functor into a direct sum of weights. We avoid the
use of the decomposition theorem of \cite{BBD} which makes our techniques
applicable to perverse sheaves with coefficients over arbitrary commutative
rings. This note includes sketches of (some of the) proofs. The details, as
well as the generalization to representations over arbitrary fields and
commutative rings will appear elsewhere.


  The unprecedented growth in the availability of data of all types and
qualities and the emergence of the field of data science has provided an
impetus to finally realizing the implementation of the full breadth of the
Nolan and Temple Lang proposed integration of computing concepts into
statistics curricula at all levels in statistics and new data science programs
and courses. Moreover, data science, implemented carefully, opens accessible
pathways to stem for students for whom neither mathematics nor computer science
are natural affinities, and who would traditionally be excluded. We discuss a
proposal for the stealth development of computational skills in students' first
exposure to data science through careful, scaffolded exposure to computation
and its power. The intent of this approach is to support students, regardless
of interest and self-efficacy in coding, in becoming data-driven learners, who
are capable of asking complex questions about the world around them, and then
answering those questions through the use of data-driven inquiry. This
discussion is presented in the context of the International Data Science in
Schools Project which recently published computer science and statistics
consensus curriculum frameworks for a two-year secondary school data science
program, designed to make data science accessible to all.


  The NuMI Off-Axis $\nu_{e}$ Appearance (NO$\nu$A) is the currently running
leading long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, whose main physics goal
is to explore the current issues in the neutrino sector, such as determination
of the neutrino mass ordering, resolution of the octant of atmospheric mixing
angle and to constrain the Dirac-type CP violating phase $\delta_{CP}$. In this
paper, we would like to investigate whether it is possible to extract the best
possible results from NO$\nu$A with a shorter time-span than its scheduled run
period by analyzing its capability to discriminate the degeneracy among various
neutrino oscillation parameters within four years of run time, with two years
in each neutrino and antineutrino modes. Further, we study the same by adding
the data from T2K experiment for a total of five years run with 3.5 years in
neutrino mode and 1.5 years in antineutrino mode. We find that NO$\nu$A (2+2)
has a better oscillation parameter degeneracy discrimination capability
compared to its scheduled run period for four years, i.e, NO$\nu$A (3+1).


  We introduce a new perspective on the classical Nirenberg problem of
understanding the possible Gauss curvatures of metrics on $S^{2}$ conformal to
the round metric. A key tool is to employ the smooth Cheeger-Gromov compactness
theorem to obtain general and essentially sharp a priori estimates for Gauss
curvatures $K$ contained in naturally defined stable regions. We prove that in
such stable regions, the map $u \rightarrow K_{g}$, $g = e^{2u}g_{+1}$ is a
proper Fredholm map with well-defined degree on each component. This leads to a
number of new existence and non-existence results. We also present a new proof
and generalization of the Moser theorem on Gauss curvatures of even conformal
metrics on $S^{2}$.
  In contrast to previous work, the work here does not use any of the
Sobolev-type inequalities of Trudinger-Moser-Aubin-Onofri.


  We demonstrate the attractor behavior of inflation driven by a scalar field
or a tachyon field in the context of recently proposed four-dimensional
effective gravity induced on the world-volume of a three-brane in
five-dimensional Einstein gravity, and we obtain a set of exact inflationary
solutions. Phase portraits indicate that an initial kinetic term decays rapidly
and it does not prevent the onset of inflation. The trajectories more rapidly
reach the slow-roll curve than in the standard cosmology.


  We give a conjectural description for the cone of effective divisors of the
Grothendieck-Knudsen moduli space of stable rational curves with n marked
points. Namely, we introduce new combinatorial structures called hypertrees and
show they give exceptional divisors with many remarkable properties.


  Focus accuracy affects the quality of the astronomical observations.
Auto-focusing is necessary for imaging systems designed for astronomical
observations. The automatic focus system searches for the best focus position
by using a proposed search algorithm. The search algorithm uses the image's
focus levels as its objective function in the search process. This paper aims
to study the performance of several search algorithms to select a suitable one.
The proper search algorithm will be used to develop an automatic focus system
for Kottamia Astronomical Observatory (KAO). The optimal search algorithm is
selected by applying several search algorithms into five sequences of
star-clusters observations. Then, their performance is evaluated based on two
criteria, which are accuracy and number of steps. The experimental results show
that the Binary search is the optimal search algorithm.


  We consider inhomogeneous preheating in multi-field models of cosmological
perturbation. After preheating, two fields are trapped at an enhanced symmetric
point. One field is an oscillating field and the other is a light field that
plays an important role in generating perturbation. In this presentation, we
consider two types of potential for the light field.


  Invisible cloaks provide a way to hide an object under the detection of
waves. A perfect cloak guides the incident waves through the cloaking shell
without any distortion. In most cases, some important quantum degrees of
freedom, e.g. electron spin or photon polarization, are not taken into account
when designing a cloak. Here, we propose to use the temporal steering
inequality of these degrees of freedom to detect the existence of an invisible
cloak.


  Edge Intelligence (EI) integrates Edge Computing (EC) and Artificial
Intelligence (AI) to push the capabilities of AI to the network edge for
real-time, efficient and secure intelligent decision-making and computation.
However, EI faces various challenges due to resource constraints, heterogeneous
network environments, and diverse service requirements of different
applications, which together affect the trustworthiness of EI in the eyes of
stakeholders. This survey comprehensively summarizes the characteristics,
architecture, technologies, and solutions of trustworthy EI. Specifically, we
first emphasize the need for trustworthy EI in the context of the trend toward
large models. We then provide an initial definition of trustworthy EI, explore
its key characteristics and give a multi-layered architecture for trustworthy
EI. Then, we summarize several important issues that hinder the achievement of
trustworthy EI. Subsequently, we present enabling technologies for trustworthy
EI systems and provide an in-depth literature review of the state-of-the-art
solutions for realizing the trustworthiness of EI. Finally, we discuss the
corresponding research challenges and open issues.


  The magnetic properties of $\alpha$-NaFeO$_2$ are studied by neutron
diffraction and magnetization measurements. An ordered phase with spins aligned
along the b$_hex$ axis exists at low temperatures (T < 4 K). At intermediate
temperatures (4 K < T < 11 K), the system passes through an incommensurate
ordered phase before transforming into a short range ordered state at higher
temperatures that persists up to at least 50 K. Although the short range
ordering does not persist to room temperature according to neutron diffraction,
the magnetic susceptibility does not follow Curie-Weiss behavior, even up to
320 K. This rich magnetic behavior can be understood qualitatively as a
competition between different magnetic exchange interactions that are similar
in magnitude. The delicate balance between these interactions makes
$\alpha$-NaFeO$_2$ a candidate for more detailed theoretical work to understand
magnetic behavior in frustrated magnetic systems.


  In the operation of networked control systems, where multiple processes share
a resource-limited and time-varying cost-sensitive network, communication delay
is inevitable and primarily influenced by, first, the control systems deploying
intermittent sensor sampling to reduce the communication cost by restricting
non-urgent transmissions, and second, the network performing resource
management to minimize excessive traffic and eventually data loss. In a
heterogeneous scenario, where control systems may tolerate only specific levels
of sensor-to-controller latency, delay sensitivities need to be considered in
the design of control and network policies to achieve the desired performance
guarantees. We propose a cross-layer optimal co-design of control, sampling and
resource management policies for an NCS consisting of multiple stochastic
linear time-invariant systems which close their sensor-to-controller loops over
a shared network. Aligned with advanced communication technology, we assume
that the network offers a range of latency-varying transmission services for
given prices. Local samplers decide either to pay higher cost to access a
low-latency channel, or to delay sending a state sample at a reduced price. A
resource manager residing in the network data-link layer arbitrates channel
access and re-allocates resources if link capacities are exceeded. The
performance of the local closed-loop systems is measured by a combination of
linear-quadratic Gaussian cost and a suitable communication cost, and the
overall objective is to minimize a defined social cost by all three policy
makers. We derive optimal control, sampling and resource allocation policies
under different cross-layer awareness models, including constant and
time-varying parameters, and show that higher awareness generally leads to
performance enhancement at the expense of higher computational complexity.


  We realize an unpaired Dirac cone at the center of the first Brillouin zone,
using a gyromagnetic photonic crystal with broken square sub-lattice symmetry
and broken time reversal symmetry. The behavior of the Dirac modes can be
described by a gyromagnetic effective medium model with near-zero refractive
index, and Voigt parameter near unity. When two domains are subjected to
opposite magnetic biases, there exist unidirectional edge states along the
domain wall. This establishes a link between topological edge states and the
surface waves of homogenous magneto-optical media.


  We present a detailed spectroscopic analysis of 115 helium-line (DB) and 28
cool, He-rich hydrogen-line (DA) white dwarfs based on atmosphere fits to
optical spectroscopy and photometry. We find that 63% of our DB population show
hydrogen lines, making them DBA stars. We also demonstrate the persistence of
pure DB white dwarfs with no detectable hydrogen feature at low effective
temperatures. Using state-of-the art envelope models, we next compute the total
quantity of hydrogen, $M_{\rm{H}}$, that is contained in the outer convection
zone as a function of effective temperature and atmospheric H/He ratio. We find
that some $(T_{\rm{eff}},M_{\rm{H}})$ pairs cannot physically exist as a
homogeneously mixed structure; such combination can only occur as stratified
objects of the DA spectral type. On that basis, we show that the values of
$M_{\rm{H}}$ inferred for the bulk of the DBA stars are too large and
incompatible with the convective dilution scenario. We also present evidence
that the hydrogen abundances measured in DBA and cool, helium-rich white dwarfs
cannot be globally accounted for by any kind of accretion mechanism onto a pure
DB star. We suggest that cool, He-rich DA white dwarfs are most likely created
by the convective mixing of a DA star with a thin hydrogen envelope; they are
not cooled down DBA's. We finally explore several scenarios that could account
for the presence of hydrogen in DBA stars.


  We performed high-field magnetotransport experiments up to 50 T on strained
La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 films. Two films with different strain, one expansively
strained with Tc ~ 26 K and the other compressively strained with Tc ~ 44 K,
show a striking contrast in the normal-state transport: the former has a
prominent low-temperature upturn while the latter has not. Identifying the
low-temperature upturn as due to the Kondo effect, our experimental
observations indicate that Cooper and Kondo singlet formations are competing in
high- Tc cuprates: Kondo singlet formation hinders Cooper pair formation. Based
on these results, we propose a new scenario for the electronic phase diagram of
La2-xSrxCuO4. According to our scenario, underdoped insulating La2-xSrxCuO4 can
be regarded as a "Kondo insulator".


  In this paper, we propose a novel neural network structure, namely
\emph{feedforward sequential memory networks (FSMN)}, to model long-term
dependency in time series without using recurrent feedback. The proposed FSMN
is a standard fully-connected feedforward neural network equipped with some
learnable memory blocks in its hidden layers. The memory blocks use a
tapped-delay line structure to encode the long context information into a
fixed-size representation as short-term memory mechanism. We have evaluated the
proposed FSMNs in several standard benchmark tasks, including speech
recognition and language modelling. Experimental results have shown FSMNs
significantly outperform the conventional recurrent neural networks (RNN),
including LSTMs, in modeling sequential signals like speech or language.
Moreover, FSMNs can be learned much more reliably and faster than RNNs or LSTMs
due to the inherent non-recurrent model structure.


  We have developed a modified Michelson interferometer type Raman laser system
to manipulate cold 87 Rb atoms to interfere. A frequency modulated continuous
wave technique was introduced to determine the optical path difference, thus
compensating it to zero to minimize the effects of common mode noise. The
linewidth (full width at half maximum) of the beat signal at 6.834 GHz was
measured to 1Hz limited by the resolution bandwidth of the spectral analyzer.
The measured rms phase variance of the phase noise at 166 MHz was 0.015 rad2,
mainly restricted by our poor performance radio frequency microwave source.
With modest improvements, we plan to apply this laser system to form an atom
interferometer for acceleration and rotation measurements.


  A finite subset $M \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ is basic, if for any function $f
\colon M \to \mathbb{R}$ there exists a collection of functions $f_1, \ldots,
f_d \colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that for each element $(x_1, \ldots,
x_d)\in M$ we have $f(x_1, \ldots, x_d) = f_1(x_1) + \ldots + f_d(x_d)$. For
certain finite sets, we prove a criterion for a set to be basic, and we show
that it cannot be extended to the general case. In addition, we interpret the
above criterion in terms of doubly-weighted graphs and give an estimation for
the number of elements in certain basic and non-basic subsets.


  In this paper, we consider a novel cache-enabled heterogeneous network
(HetNet), where macro base stations (BSs) with traditional sub-6 GHz are
overlaid by dense millimeter wave (mmWave) pico BSs. These two-tier BSs, which
are modeled as two independent homogeneous Poisson Point Processes, cache
multimedia contents following the popularity rank. High-capacity backhauls are
utilized between macro BSs and the core server. A maximum received power
strategy is introduced for deducing novel algorithms of the success probability
and area spectral efficiency (ASE). Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations are
presented to verify the analytical conclusions and numerical results
demonstrate that: 1) the proposed HetNet is an interference-limited system and
it outperforms the traditional HetNets; 2) there exists an optimal pre-decided
rate threshold that contributes to the maximum ASE; and 3) 73 GHz is the best
mmWave carrier frequency regarding ASE due to the large antenna scale.


  We study an N-body Calogero model in the S_N-symmetric subspace of the
positive definite Fock space. We construct a new algebra of S_N-symmetric
operators represented on the symmetric Fock space, and find a natural
orthogonal basis by mapping the algebra onto the Heisenberg algebra. Our main
result is the bosonic realization of nonlinear symmetry algebra describing the
structure of degenerate levels of Calogero model.


  Finding a Hadamard matrix (H-matrix) among the set of all binary matrices of
corresponding order is a hard problem, which potentially can be solved by
quantum computing. We propose a method to formulate the Hamiltonian of finding
H-matrix problem and address its implementation limitation on existing quantum
annealing machine (QAM) that allows up to quadratic terms, whereas the problem
naturally introduces higher order ones. For an M-order H-matrix, such a
limitation increases the number of variables from M^2 to (M^3 +M^2-M)/2, which
makes the formulation of the Hamiltonian too exhaustive to do by hand. We use
symbolic computing techniques to manage this problem. Three related cases are
discussed: (1) finding N < M orthogonal binary vectors, (2) finding
M-orthogonal binary vectors, which is equivalent to finding a H-matrix, and (3)
finding N-deleted vectors of an M-order H-matrix. Solutions of the problems by
a 2-body simulated annealing software and by an actual quantum annealing
hardware are also discussed.


  The emergence of chiral anomaly entails various fascinating phenomena such as
anomalous quantum Hall effect and chiral magnetic effect in different branches
of (non-)Hermitian physics. While in the single-particle picture, anomalous
currents merely appear due to the coupling of massless particles with
background fields, many-body interactions can also be responsible for anomalous
transport in interacting systems. In this Letter, we study anomalous chiral
currents in systems where interacting massless fermions with complex Fermi
velocities are coupled to complex gauge fields. Our results reveal that
incorporating non-Hermiticity and many-body interactions gives rise to
additional terms in anomalous relations beyond their Hermitian counterparts. We
further present that many-body corrections in the subsequent non-Hermitian
chiral magnetic field or anomalous Hall effect are nonvanishing in
nonequilibrium or inhomogeneous systems. Our results advance efforts in
understanding the anomalous transport in interacting non-Hermitian systems.


  We consider solution operators of linear ordinary boundary problems with "too
many" boundary conditions, which are not always solvable. These generalized
Green's operators are a certain kind of generalized inverses of differential
operators. We answer the question when the product of two generalized Green's
operators is again a generalized Green's operator for the product of the
corresponding differential operators and which boundary problem it solves.
Moreover, we show that---provided a factorization of the underlying
differential operator---a generalized boundary problem can be factored into
lower order problems corresponding to a factorization of the respective Green's
operators. We illustrate our results by examples using the Maple package
IntDiffOp, where the presented algorithms are implemented.


  The influential Residual Networks designed by He et al. remain the
gold-standard architecture in numerous scientific publications. They typically
serve as the default architecture in studies, or as baselines when new
architectures are proposed. Yet there has been significant progress on best
practices for training neural networks since the inception of the ResNet
architecture in 2015. Novel optimization & data-augmentation have increased the
effectiveness of the training recipes. In this paper, we re-evaluate the
performance of the vanilla ResNet-50 when trained with a procedure that
integrates such advances. We share competitive training settings and
pre-trained models in the timm open-source library, with the hope that they
will serve as better baselines for future work. For instance, with our more
demanding training setting, a vanilla ResNet-50 reaches 80.4% top-1 accuracy at
resolution 224x224 on ImageNet-val without extra data or distillation. We also
report the performance achieved with popular models with our training
procedure.


  While matching procedures based on pairwise distances are conceptually
appealing and thus favored in practice, theoretical guarantees for such
procedures are rarely found in the literature. We propose and analyze matching
procedures based on distance profiles that are easily implementable in
practice, showing these procedures are robust to outliers and noise. We
demonstrate the performance of the proposed method using a real data example
and provide simulation studies to complement the theoretical findings.


  Initiated by the discovery of topological insulators, topologically
non-trivial materials, more specifically topological semimetals and metals have
emerged as new frontiers in the field of quantum materials. In this work, we
perform a systematic measurement of EuMg2Bi2, a compound with antiferromagnetic
transition temperature at 6.7 K, observed via electrical resistivity,
magnetization and specific heat capacity measurements. By utilizing
angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in concurrence with first-principles
calculations, we observe Dirac cones at the corner and the zone center of the
Brillouin zone. From our experimental data, multiple Dirac states at G and K
points are observed, where the Dirac nodes are located at different energy
positions from the Fermi level. Our experimental investigations of detailed
electronic structure as well as transport measurements of EuMg2Bi2 suggest that
it could potentially provide a platform to study the interplay between topology
and magnetism.


  We study the performance of caching schemes based on LT under peeling
(iterative) decoding algorithm. We assume that users ask for downloading
content to multiple cache-aided transmitters. Transmitters are connected
through a backhaul link to a master node while no direct link exists between
users and the master node. Each content is fragmented and coded with LT code.
Cache placement at each transmitter is optimized such that transmissions over
the backhaul link is minimized. We derive a closed form expression for the
calculation of the backhaul transmission rate. We compare the performance of a
caching scheme based on LT with respect to a caching scheme based on maximum
distance separable codes. Finally, we show that caching with \acl{LT} codes
behave as good as caching with maximum distance separable codes.


  Metasurfaces and metagratings offers new platforms for electromagnetic wave
control with significant responses. However, metasurfaces based on abrupt phase
change and resonant structures suffer from the drawback of high loss and face
challenges when applied in water waves. Therefore, the application of
metasurfaces in water wave control is not ideal due to the limitations
associated with high loss and other challenges. We have discovered that
non-resonant metagratings exhibit promising effects in water wave control.
Leveraging the similarity between bridges and metagratings, we have
successfully developed a water wave metagrating model inspired by the Luoyang
Bridge in ancient China. We conducted theoretical calculations and simulations
on the metagrating and derived the equivalent anisotropic model of the
metagrating. This model provides evidence that the metagrating has the
capability to control water waves and achieve unidirectional surface water
wave. The accuracy of our theory is strongly supported by the clear observation
of the unidirectional propagation phenomenon during simulation and experiments
conducted using a reduced version of the metagrating. It is the first time that
the unidirectional propagation of water waves has been seen in water wave
metagrating experiment. Above all, we realize the water wave metagrating
experiment for the first time. By combining complex gratings with real bridges,
we explore the physics embedded in the ancient building-Luoyang Bridge, which
are of great significance for the water wave metagrating design, as well as the
development and preservation of ancient bridges.


  We study groups and rings definable in d-minimal expansions of ordered
fields. We generalize to such objects some known results from o-minimality. In
particular, we prove that we can endow a definable group with a definable
topology making it a topological group, and that a definable ring of dimension
at least 1 and without zero divisors is a skew field.


  The asymmetric price impact between the institutional purchases and sales of
32 liquid stocks in Chinese stock markets in year 2003 is carefully studied. We
analyze the price impact in both drawup and drawdown trends with consecutive
positive and negative daily price changes, and test the dependence of the price
impact asymmetry on the market condition. For most of the stocks institutional
sales have a larger price impact than institutional purchases, and larger
impact of institutional purchases only exists in few stocks with primarily
increasing tendencies. We further study the mean return of trades surrounding
institutional transactions, and find the asymmetric behavior also exists before
and after institutional transactions. A new variable is proposed to investigate
the order book structure, and it can partially explain the price impact of
institutional transactions. A linear regression for the price impact of
institutional transactions further confirms our finding that institutional
sales primarily have a larger price impact than institutional purchases in the
bearish year 2003.


  Let a set of nodes $\mathcal X$ in plain be $n$-independent, i.e., each node
has a fundamental polynomial of degree $n.$ Suppose also that $|\mathcal X|=
d(n,k-2)+2,$ where $d(n,k-2) = (n+1)+n+\cdots+(n-k+4)$ and $\ k\le n-1.$ In
this paper we prove that there can be at most $4$ linearly independent curves
of degree less than or equal to $k$ passing through all the nodes of $\mathcal
X.$ We provide a characterization of the case when there are exactly four such
curves. Namely, we prove that then the set $\mathcal X$ has a very special
construction: All its nodes but two belong to a (maximal) curve of degree
$k-2.$ At the end, an important application to the Gasca-Maeztu conjecture is
provided.


  The cocrystallization landscape of benzamide and urea interacting with
aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids was studied both experimentally and
theoretically. Ten new cocrystals of benzamide were synthesized using an
oriented samples approach via a fast dropped evaporation technique. Information
about types of known bi-component cocrystals augmented with knowledge of simple
binary eutectic mixtures was used for the analysis of virtual screening
efficiency among 514 potential pairs involving aromatic carboxylic acids
interacting with urea or benzamide. Quantification of intermolecular
interaction was achieved by estimating the excess thermodynamic functions of
binary liquid mixtures under supercooled conditions within a COSMO-RS
framework. The smoothed histograms suggest that slightly more potential pairs
of benzamide are characterized in the attractive region compared to urea.
Finally, it is emphasized that prediction of cocrystals of urea is fairly
direct, while it remains ambiguous for benzamide paired with carboxylic acids.
The two known simple eutectics of urea are found within the first two quartiles
defined by excess thermodynamic functions, and all known cocrystals are outside
of this range belonging to the third or fourth quartile. On the contrary, such
a simple separation of positive and negative cases of benzamide miscibility in
the solid state is not observed. The difference in properties between urea and
benzamide R2,2(8) heterosynthons is also documented by alterations of
substituent effects...


  We analyze the linear stability of the edge of a thin liquid metal layer
subject to a transverse high-frequency AC magnetic field. The layer is treated
as a perfectly conducting liquid sheet that allows us to solve the problem
analytically for both a semi-infinite geometry with a straight edge and a thin
disk of finite radius. It is shown that the long-wave perturbations of a
straight edge are monotonically unstable when the wave number exceeds some
critical value $k_c,$ which is determined by the surface tension and the linear
density of the electromagnetic force acting on the edge. The higher the density
of electromagnetic force, the shorter the critical wavelength. The
perturbations with wavelength shorter than the critical are stabilized by the
surface tension, whereas the growth rate of long wave perturbations reduces as
$\sim k$ for wave numbers $k\to 0$. Thus, there is the fastest growing
perturbation with the wave number $k_\max=2/3 k_c$. By applying the general
approach developed for the semi-infinite sheet, we find that a circular disk
becomes linearly unstable with respect to exponentially growing perturbation
with the azimuthal wave number $m=2$ when the magnetic Bond number exceeds
$Bm_c=3\pi$. The instability characteristics agree well with the experimental
data.


  We propose two coding schemes combining decode-forward (DF) and noisy network
coding (NNC) with different flavors. The first is a combined DF-NNC scheme for
the one-way relay channel which includes both DF and NNC as special cases by
performing rate splitting, partial block Markov encoding and NNC. The second
combines two different DF strategies and layered NNC for the two-way relay
channel. One DF strategy performs coherent block Markov encoding at the source
at the cost of power splitting at the relay, the other performs independent
source and relay encoding but with full relay power, and layered NNC allows a
different compression rate for each destination. Analysis and simulation show
that both proposed schemes supersede each individual scheme and take full
advantage of both DF and NNC.


  We present the search methods and initial results for transient radio signals
in the High Time Resolution Universe (HTRU) Survey. The HTRU survey's
single-pulse search, the software designed to perform the search, and a
determination of the HTRU survey's sensitivity to single pulses are described.
Initial processing of a small fraction of the survey has produced 11
discoveries, all of which are sparsely-emitting neutron stars, as well as
provided confirmation of two previously unconfirmed neutron stars. Most of the
newly discovered objects lie in regions surveyed previously, indicating both
the improved sensitivity of the HTRU survey observing system and the dynamic
nature of the radio sky. The cycles of active and null states in nulling
pulsars, rotating radio transients (RRATs), and long-term intermittent pulsars
are explored in the context of determining the relationship between these
populations, and of the sensitivity of a search to the various
radio-intermittent neutron star populations. This analysis supports the case
that many RRATs are in fact high-null-fraction pulsars (i. e. with null
fraction >~0.95), and indicates that intermittent pulsars appear distinct from
nulling pulsars in their activity cycle timescales. We find that in the
measured population, there is a deficit of pulsars with typical emission
timescales greater than ~300 s that is not readily explained by selection
effects. The HTRU low-latitude survey will be capable of addressing whether
this deficit is physical. We predict that the HTRU survey will explore pulsars
with a broad range of nulling fractions (up to and beyond 0.999), and at its
completion is likely to increase the currently known RRATs by a factor of more
than two.


  We have developed a cryogenic platform for the control and readout of spin
qubits that comprises a high density of dc and radio frequency sample
interconnects based on a set of coupled printed circuit boards. The modular
setup incorporates 24 filtered dc lines, 14 control and readout lines with
bandwidth from dc to above 6 GHz, and 2 microwave connections for excitation to
40 GHz. We report the performance of this platform, including signal integrity
and crosstalk measurements and discuss design criteria for constructing sample
interconnect technology needed for multi-qubit devices.


  We examine the known curvature terms in the DBI part of the D-brane action
under the T-duality transformation. Using the compatibility of the action with
the standard rules of T-duality at the linear order as a guiding principle, we
include the appropriate NS-NS $B$-field terms in the action and show that they
reproduce the O(\alpha'^2) terms of the corresponding disk-level scattering
amplitude.


  In this work, we propose a hybrid parallel Jaya optimisation algorithm for a
multi-core environment with the aim of solving large-scale global optimisation
problems. The proposed algorithm is called HHCPJaya, and combines the
hyper-population approach with the hierarchical cooperation search mechanism.
The HHCPJaya algorithm divides the population into many small subpopulations,
each of which focuses on a distinct block of the original population
dimensions. In the hyper-population approach, we increase the small
subpopulations by assigning more than one subpopulation to each core, and each
subpopulation evolves independently to enhance the explorative and exploitative
nature of the population. We combine this hyper-population approach with the
two-level hierarchical cooperative search scheme to find global solutions from
all subpopulations. Furthermore, we incorporate an additional updating phase on
the respective subpopulations based on global solutions, with the aim of
further improving the convergence rate and the quality of solutions. Several
experiments applying the proposed parallel algorithm in different settings
prove that it demonstrates sufficient promise in terms of the quality of
solutions and the convergence rate. Furthermore, a relatively small
computational effort is required to solve complex and large-scale optimisation
problems.


  We prove the local well posedness of the Benjamin-Ono equation and the
generalized Benjamin-Ono equation in $ H^1(\T) $. This leads to a global
well-posedness result in $ H^1(\T)$ for the Benjamin-Ono equation.


  The following class of sum-product statistics
  T_n(p)=\frac{1}{k}\sum_{h=1}^p \sum_{(s_1...s_h)\in P(p,h)}
\sum_{i_1=l+1}^{i_0} ... \sum_{i_h=l+1}^{i_{h-1}} i_h \prod_{i=i_1}^{i_h}
\frac{(Y_{n-i+1,n}-Y_{n-i,n})^{s_i}}{s_i!}
  (where $l,$ $k=i_{0}$ and n are positive integers, $0<l<k<n,$ $P(p,h)$ is the
set of all ordered parititions of $\ p>0$ into $\ h$ positive integers and
$Y_{1,n}\leq ...\leq Y_{n,n}$ are the order statistics based on a sequence of
independent random variables $Y_{1},$ $Y_{2},...$with underlying distribution
$\mathbb{P}(Y\leq y)=G(Y)=F(e^{y})$), is introduced. For each p,
$T_{n}(p)^{-1/p}$ is an estimator of the index of a distribution whose upper
tail varies regularly at infinity. \ This family generalizes the so called Hill
statistic and the Dekkers-Einmahl-De Haan one. We study the limiting laws of
the process ${T_{n}(p),1\leq p<\infty}$ and completely describe the covariance
function of the Gaussian limiting process with the help of combinatorial
techniques. Many results available for Hill's statistic regarding asymptotic
normality and laws of the iterated logarithm are extended to each margin
$T_{n}(p,k)$, for $p$ fixed, and for any distribution function lying in the
extremal domain. In the process, we obtain special classes of numbers related
to those of paths joining the opposite coins within a parallelogram.


  The metric algebroid proposed by Vaisman (the Vaisman algebroid) governs the
gauge symmetry algebra generated by the C-bracket in double field theory (DFT).
We show that the Vaisman algebroid is obtained by an analogue of the Drinfel'd
double of Lie algebroids. Based on a geometric realization of doubled
space-time as a para-Hermitian manifold, we examine exterior algebras and a
para-Dolbeault cohomology on DFT and discuss the structure of the Drinfel'd
double behind the DFT gauge symmetry. Similar to the Courant algebroid in the
generalized geometry, Lagrangian subbundles $(L,\tilde{L})$ in a para-Hermitian
manifold play Dirac-like structures in the Vaisman algebroid. We find that an
algebraic origin of the strong constraint in DFT is traced back to the
compatibility condition needed for $(L,\tilde{L})$ be a Lie bialgebroid. The
analysis provides a foundation toward the "coquecigrue problem" for the gauge
symmetry in DFT.


  It was demonstrated that optical modulation together with simultaneous
terahertz (THz) imaging application enables an increase in contrast by an order
of magnitude illustrating hence the technique as convenient contactless tool
for characterization of graphene deposited on high-resistivity silicon
substrates. It was shown that the single- and double-layer graphene can be
discriminated and characterized via variation of THz image contrast using a
discrete frequency in a continuous wave mode. Modulation depth of 45 % has been
reached, the contrast variation from 0.16 up to 0.23 is exposed under laser
illumination for the single and double layer graphene, respectively. The
technique was applied in the development and investigation of graphene-based
optical diffractive elements for THz imaging systems.


  Comprehensive evaluation is one of the basis of experimental science. In
High-Performance Graph Processing, a thorough evaluation of contributions
becomes more achievable by supporting common input formats over different
frameworks. However, each framework creates its specific format, which may not
support reading large-scale real-world graph datasets. This shows a demand for
high-performance libraries capable of loading graphs to (i) accelerate
designing new graph algorithms, (ii) to evaluate the contributions on a wide
range of graph algorithms, and (iii) to facilitate easy and fast comparison
over different graph frameworks.
  To that end, we present ParaGrapher, a high-performance API and library for
loading large-scale and compressed graphs. ParaGrapher supports different types
of requests for accessing graphs in shared- and distributed-memory and
out-of-core graph processing. We explain the design of ParaGrapher and present
a performance model of graph decompression, which is used for evaluation of
ParaGrapher over three storage types. Our evaluation shows that by
decompressing compressed graphs in WebGraph format, ParaGrapher delivers up to
3.2 times speedup in loading and up to 5.2 times speedup in end-to-end
execution in comparison to the binary and textual formats.
  ParaGrapher is available online on
https://blogs.qub.ac.uk/DIPSA/ParaGrapher/.


  A new viewpoint on electoral involvement is proposed from the study of the
statistics of the proportions of abstentionists, blank and null, and votes
according to list of choices, in a large number of national elections in
different countries. Considering 11 countries without compulsory voting
(Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland,
Romania, Spain and Switzerland), a stylized fact emerges for the most populated
cities when one computes the entropy associated to the three ratios, which we
call the entropy of civic involvement of the electorate. The distribution of
this entropy (over all elections and countries) appears to be sharply peaked
near a common value. This almost common value is typically shared since the
1970's by electorates of the most populated municipalities, and this despite
the wide disparities between voting systems and types of elections. Performing
different statistical analyses, we notably show that this stylized fact reveals
particular correlations between the blank/null votes and abstentionists ratios.
  We suggest that the existence of this hidden regularity, which we propose to
coin as a `weak law on recent electoral behavior among urban voters', reveals
an emerging collective behavioral norm characteristic of urban citizen voting
behavior in modern democracies. Analyzing exceptions to the rule provide
insights into the conditions under which this normative behavior can be
expected to occur.


  Considerable progress has recently been made in leveraging CLIP (Contrastive
Language-Image Pre-Training) models for text-guided image manipulation.
However, all existing works rely on additional generative models to ensure the
quality of results, because CLIP alone cannot provide enough guidance
information for fine-scale pixel-level changes. In this paper, we introduce
CLIPVG, a text-guided image manipulation framework using differentiable vector
graphics, which is also the first CLIP-based general image manipulation
framework that does not require any additional generative models. We
demonstrate that CLIPVG can not only achieve state-of-art performance in both
semantic correctness and synthesis quality, but also is flexible enough to
support various applications far beyond the capability of all existing methods.


  Extreme-value copulas arise in the asymptotic theory for componentwise maxima
of independent random samples. An extreme-value copula is determined by its
Pickands dependence function, which is a function on the unit simplex subject
to certain shape constraints that arise from an integral transform of an
underlying measure called spectral measure. Multivariate extensions are
provided of certain rank-based nonparametric estimators of the Pickands
dependence function. The shape constraint that the estimator should itself be a
Pickands dependence function is enforced by replacing an initial estimator by
its best least-squares approximation in the set of Pickands dependence
functions having a discrete spectral measure supported on a sufficiently fine
grid. Weak convergence of the standardized estimators is demonstrated and the
finite-sample performance of the estimators is investigated by means of a
simulation experiment.


  The Shub-Smale Tau Conjecture is a hypothesis relating the number of integral
roots of a polynomial f in one variable and the Straight-Line Program (SLP)
complexity of f. A consequence of the truth of this conjecture is that, for the
Blum-Shub-Smale model over the complex numbers, P differs from NP. We prove two
weak versions of the Tau Conjecture and in so doing show that the Tau
Conjecture follows from an even more plausible hypothesis.
  Our results follow from a new p-adic analogue of earlier work relating real
algebraic geometry to additive complexity. For instance, we can show that a
nonzero univariate polynomial of additive complexity s can have no more than
15+s^3(s+1)(7.5)^s s! =O(e^{s\log s}) roots in the 2-adic rational numbers Q_2,
thus dramatically improving an earlier result of the author. This immediately
implies the same bound on the number of ordinary rational roots, whereas the
best previous upper bound via earlier techniques from real algebraic geometry
was a quantity in Omega((22.6)^{s^2}).
  This paper presents another step in the author's program of establishing an
algorithmic arithmetic version of fewnomial theory.


  A variety of modeling techniques is used with surface photometry from the
literature and recently acquired high-accuracy stellar kinematic data to
constrain the three-dimensional mass distribution in the luminous cuspy
elliptical galaxy NGC 1700. First, we model the radial velocity field and
photometry, and, using a Bayesian technique, estimate the triaxiality T and
short-to-long axis ratio c in five concentric annuli between approximately 1
and 3 effective radii. The results are completely consistent with T being
constant inside about 2.5 r_e (36 arcsec; 6.7/h kpc). Adding an assumption of
constant T as prior information gives an upper limit of T < 0.16 (95%
confidence); this relaxes to T < 0.22 if it is also assumed that there is
perfect alignment between the angular momentum and the galaxy's intrinsic short
axis. Near axisymmetry permits us then to use axisymmetric models to constrain
the radial mass profile. Using the Jeans (moment) equations, we demonstrate
that 2-integral, constant-M/L models cannot fit the data; but a 2-integral
model in which the cumulative enclosed M/L increases by a factor of roughly 2
from the center out to 12/h kpc can. Three-integral models constructed by
quadratic programming show that, in fact, no constant-M/L model is consistent
with the kinematics. Anisotropic 3-integral models with variable M/L, while not
uniquely establishing a minimum acceptable halo mass, imply, as do the moment
models, a cumulative M/L_B approximately 10 h at 12/h kpc. We conclude that NGC
1700 represents the best stellar dynamical evidence to date for dark matter in
elliptical galaxies.


  Motivated by the possibility to load multi-color fermionic atoms in optical
lattices, we study the entropy dependence of the properties of the
one-dimensional antiferromagnetic SU(N) Heisenberg model, the effective model
of the SU(N) Hubbard model with one particle per site (filling 1/N). Using
continuous-time world line Monte Carlo simulations for N=2 to 5, we show that
characteristic short-range correlations develop at low temperature as a
precursor of the ground state algebraic correlations. We also calculate the
entropy as a function of temperature, and we show that the first sign of
short-range order appears at an entropy per particle that increases with N and
already reaches 0.8k_B at N=4, in the range of experimentally accessible
values.


  Using the coupled cluster method (CCM) we study the full (zero-temperature)
ground-state (GS) phase diagram of a spin-half ($s=1/2$) $J_{1}$-$J_{2}$
Heisenberg model on a cross-striped square lattice. Each site of the square
lattice has 4 nearest-neighbour exchange bonds of strength $J_{1}$ and 2
next-nearest-neighbour (diagonal) bonds of strength $J_{2}$. The $J_{2}$ bonds
are arranged so that the basic square plaquettes in alternating columns have
either both or no $J_{2}$ bonds included. The classical ($s \rightarrow
\infty$) version of the model has 4 collinear phases when $J_{1}$ and $J_{2}$
can take either sign. Three phases are antiferromagnetic (AFM), showing
so-called N\'{e}el, double N\'{e}el and double columnar striped order
respectively, while the fourth is ferromagnetic. For the quantum $s=1/2$ model
we use the 3 classical AFM phases as CCM reference states, on top of which the
multispin-flip configurations arising from quantum fluctuations are
incorporated in a systematic truncation hierarchy. Calculations of the
corresponding GS energy, magnetic order parameter and the susceptibilities of
the states to various forms of valence-bond crystalline (VBC) order are thus
carried out numerically to high orders of approximation and then extrapolated
to the (exact) physical limit. We find that the $s=1/2$ model has 5 phases,
which correspond to the four classical phases plus a new quantum phase with
plaquette VBC order. The positions of the 5 quantum critical points are
determined with high accuracy. While all 4 phase transitions in the classical
model are first order, we find strong evidence that 3 of the 5 quantum phase
transitions in the $s=1/2$ model are of continuous deconfined type.


  We find that the model of a black hole plus an exterior halo of quadrupoles
and octopoles recently proposed by us is more chaotic than previously detected.
In fact, the quadrupolar component gives rise also to a chaotic behavior, found
after further numerical search. This fact reinforces even more the role of
chaos in relativistic core--halo models.


  Recent results from searches for new physics at HERA are reviewed. Exploiting
the uniqueness of lepton-hadron collisions at high energy, searches are
performed for electron-quark resonant states (leptoquarks or squarks in
R-parity-violating supersymmetry) or excited states of fermions. New phenomena
at a very high energy scale, manifested at present energies as effective
four-fermion contact interaction, are also investigated, including cases with
lepton-flavor violation. Finally, the status of events with a high-energy
lepton and missing transverse momentum is presented, resulting in the most
stringent constraint on the flavor-changing neutral current t-u-\gamma coupling
which could yield single-top production.


  For a class of fully nonlinear equations having second order operators which
may be singular or degenerate when the gradient of the solutions vanishes, and
having first order terms with power growth, we prove the existence and
uniqueness of suitably defined viscosity solution of Dirichlet problem and we
further show that it is a Lipschitz continuous function.


  Reverse and stable bipolar resistive switching effect was observed in planar
NdCeCuO - NdCeO - Ag heterostructures. It was shown that the current voltage
charactereriscs of the BRSE observed has a diode character. Simulations were
used to consider the influence of the nonuniform distribution of an electric
field at the interface of a heterojunction on the effect of bipolar resistive
switching in investigated structures. The inhomogeneous distribution of the
electric field near the contact edge creates regions of higher electric field
strength which, in turn, stimulates motion and redistribution of defects,
changes of the resistive properties of the whole structure and formation of a
percolation channel.


  Cyclic, ramified extensions $L/K$ of degree $p$ of local fields with residue
characteristic $p$ are fairly well understood. Unless $\mbox{char}(K)=0$ and
$L=K(\sqrt[p]{\pi_K})$ for some prime element $\pi_K\in K$, they are defined by
an Artin-Schreier equation. Additionally, through the work of Ferton, Aiba, de
Smit and Thomas, and others, much is known about their Galois module structure
of ideals, the structure of each ideal $\mathfrak{P}_L^n$ as a module over its
associated order $\mathfrak{A}_{K[G]}(n)=\{x\in K[G]:x\mathfrak{P}_L^n\subseteq
\mathfrak{P}_L^n\}$ where $G=\mbox{Gal}(L/K)$. This paper extends these results
to separable, ramified extensions of degree $p$ that are not Galois.


  We summarise the proceedings of the SRCfTA workshop on ``Supernova Remnants,
Pulsars and the Interstellar Medium'' that was held at the University of Sydney
on Mar 18 and 19, 1999.


  Multipartite entanglement enables secure and anonymous key exchange between
multiple parties in a network. In particular Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)
states have been introduced as resource states for anonymous key exchange
protocols, in which an anonymous subset of parties within a larger network
establishes a secret key. However, the use of other types of multipartite
entanglement for such protocols remains relatively unexplored. Here we
demonstrate that linear cluster states can serve as a versatile and potentially
scalable resource in such applications. We implemented an anonymous key
exchange protocol with four photons in a linear cluster state and established a
shared key between three parties in our network. We show how to optimize the
protocol parameters to account for noise and to maximize the finite key rate
under realistic conditions. As cluster states have been established as a
flexible resource in quantum computation, we expect that our demonstration
provides a first step towards their hybrid use for networked computing and
communication.


  We have made the first experimental demonstration of the simultaneous minimum
uncertainty product between two complementary observables for a two-state
system (a qubit). A partially entangled two-photon state was used to perform
such measurements. Each of the photons carries (partial) information of the
initial state thus leaving a room for measurements of two complementary
observables on every member in an ensemble.


  Starting from a faithful five-dimensional matrix representation of the group
of two independent oscillators and applying the R-matrix method we generate
some classes of deformed fermionic-bosonic quantum Hopf algebras. The
corresponding Lie deformed superalgebras of type I--II, obtained by duality,
are computed and a realization of generators of these deformed superalgebras
are given in terms of the usual fermionic and bosonic creation and annihilation
operators associated to the supersymmetric harmonic oscillator. Then, a
generalized deformed annihilator is construted and their eigenstates are
computed giving a new class of deformed coherent states.


  In this era of explosive growth in technology, the internet of things (IoT)
has become the game changer when we consider technologies like smart homes and
cities, smart energy, security and surveillance, and healthcare. The numerous
benefits provided by IoT have become attractive technologies for users and
cybercriminals. Cybercriminals of today have the tools and the technology to
deploy millions of sophisticated attacks. These attacks need to be
investigated; this is where digital forensics comes into play. However, it is
not easy to conduct a forensic investigation in IoT systems because of the
heterogeneous nature of the IoT environment. Additionally, forensic
investigators mostly rely on evidence from service providers, a situation that
can lead to evidence contamination. To solve this problem, the authors proposed
a blockchain-based IoT forensic model that prevents the admissibility of
tampered logs into evidence.


  The decay of gravitational potentials in the presence of dark energy leads to
an additional, late-time contribution to anisotropies in the cosmic microwave
background (CMB) at large angular scales. The imprint of this so-called
integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect to the CMB angular power spectrum has been
detected and studied in detail, but reconstructing its spatial contributions to
the CMB $\textit{map}$, which would offer the tantalizing possibility of
separating the early- from the late-time contributions to CMB temperature
fluctuations, is more challenging. Here we study the technique for
reconstructing the ISW map based on information from galaxy surveys and focus
in particular on how its accuracy is impacted by the presence of photometric
calibration errors in input galaxy maps, which were previously found to be a
dominant contaminant for ISW signal estimation. We find that both including
tomographic information from a single survey and using data from multiple,
complementary galaxy surveys improve the reconstruction by effectively
self-calibrating the estimator against spurious power contributions from
calibration errors. A high-fidelity reconstruction further requires one to
account for the contribution of calibration errors to the observed galaxy power
spectrum in the model used to construct the ISW estimator. We find that if the
photometric calibration errors in galaxy surveys can be independently
controlled at the level required to obtain unbiased dark energy constraints,
then it is possible to reconstruct ISW maps with excellent accuracy using a
combination of maps from two galaxy surveys with properties similar to Euclid
and SPHEREx.


  We elucidate the relation between smooth Calabi-Yau structures and
pre-Calabi-Yau structures. We show that, from a smooth Calabi-Yau structure on
an $A_\infty$-category $A$, one can produce a pre-Calabi-Yau structure on $A$;
as defined in our previous work, this is a shifted noncommutative version of an
polyvector field satisfying a Maurer-Cartan equation. We explain how this
relation is an analogue of the Legendre transform, and how it admits a lift to
a weak equivalence of two natural simplicial sets, one whose points are
non-degenerate negative cyclic chains, and another whose points are
nondegenerate pre-CY structures.


  A G-equivariant spin^c structure on a manifold gives rise to a virtual
representation of the group G, called the spin^c quantization of the manifold.
We present a cutting construction for S^1-equivariant spin^c manifolds, and
show that the quantization of the original manifold is isomorphic to the direct
sum of the quantizations of the cut spaces. Our proof uses Kostant-type
formulas, which express the quantization in terms of local data around the
fixed point set of the S^1-action.


  The "Spinors" software is a "Mathematica" package which implements
2-component spinor calculus as devised by Penrose for General Relativity in
dimension 3+1. The "Spinors" software is part of the "xAct" system, which is a
collection of "Mathematica" packages to do tensor analysis by computer. In this
paper we give a thorough description of "Spinors" and present practical
examples of use.


  Let $X$ be a scheme over a field $K$ and let $M_X$ be the intersection of all
subfields $L$ of $\bar K$ such that $X$ has a $L$-valued point. In this note we
prove that for a variety $X$ over a field $K$ finitely generated over its prime
field one has that $M_X = K$


  Learning with an artificial neural network encodes the system behavior in a
feed-forward function with a number of parameters optimized by data-driven
training. An open question is whether one can minimize the network complexity
without loss of performance to reveal how and why it works. Here we investigate
the learning of the phase transition in the Ising model and find that having
two hidden neurons can be enough for an accurate prediction of critical
temperature. We show that the networks learn the scaling dimension of the order
parameter while being trained as a phase classifier, demonstrating how the
machine learning exploits the Ising universality to work for different lattices
of the same criticality within a single set of trainings in one lattice
geometry.


  Non-fullerene acceptors based on perylenediimides (PDIs) have garnered
significant interest as an alternative to fullerene acceptors in organic
photovoltaics (OPVs), but their charge transport phenomena are not well
understood, especially in bulk heterojunctions (BHJs). Here, we investigate
charge transport and current fluctuations by performing correlated
low-frequency noise and impedance spectroscopy measurements on two BHJ OPV
systems, one employing a fullerene acceptor and the other employing a dimeric
PDI acceptor. In the dark, these measurements reveal that PDI-based OPVs have a
greater degree of recombination in comparison to fullerene-based OPVs.
Furthermore, for the first time in organic solar cells, 1/f noise data are fit
to the Kleinpenning model to reveal underlying current fluctuations in
different transport regimes. Under illumination, 1/f noise increases by
approximately four orders of magnitude for the fullerene-based OPVs and three
orders of magnitude for the PDI-based OPVs. An inverse correlation is also
observed between noise spectral density and power conversion efficiency.
Overall, these results show that low-frequency noise spectroscopy is an
effective in-situ diagnostic tool to assess charge transport in emerging
photovoltaic materials, thereby providing quantitative guidance for the design
of next-generation solar cell materials and technologies.


  It has been shown that the gamma-ray flux observed by HESS from the J1745-290
Galactic Center source is well fitted as the secondary gamma-rays photons
generated from Dark Matter annihilating into Standard Model particles in
combination with a simple power law background. The neutrino flux expected from
such Dark Matter source has been also analyzed. The main results of such
analyses for 50 TeV Dark Matter annihilating into W+W- gauge boson and
preliminary results for antiprotons are presented.


  We present the results of an extensive campaign of coordinated X-ray (ROSAT)
and UV (IUE) observations of the symbiotic star AG Dra during a long period of
quiescence (1990-1993) followed by two optical outbursts in 1994 and 1995. The
hot component (i.e. X-ray emitting compact object) turns out to be very
luminous during the quiescent phase: (9.5+/-1.5)*10^36 (D/2.5 kpc)^2 erg/s.
This suggests that the compact object is burning hydrogen-rich matter on its
surface even in the quiescent (as defined optically) state at a rate of
(3.2+/-0.5)*10^-8 (D/2.5 kpc)^2 M_sun/yr. Assuming a steady state, i.e. burning
at precisely the accretion supply rate, this high rate suggests a Roche lobe
filling cool companion though Bondi-Hoyle accretion from the companion wind
cannot be excluded. We have discovered a remarkable decrease of the X-ray flux
during both optical maxima. In the UV these events were characterized by a
large increase of the emission line and continuum fluxes. The anticorrelation
of X-ray/UV flux and optical brightness evolution is very likely due to a
temperature decrease of the hot component which could be the result of an
increased mass transfer to the burning compact object, causing it to slowly
expand to about twice its original size during each optical outburst.


  We construct infinitely many examples of pairs of isospectral but
non-isometric $1$-cusped hyperbolic $3$-manifolds. These examples have infinite
discrete spectrum and the same Eisenstein series. Our constructions are based
on an application of Sunada's method in the cusped setting, and so in addition
our pairs are finite covers of the same degree of a 1-cusped hyperbolic
3-orbifold (indeed manifold) and also have the same complex length-spectra.
Finally we prove that any finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifold isospectral to
the figure-eight knot complement is homeomorphic to the figure-eight knot
complement.