  We show that the construction of the higher Gaudin Hamiltonians associated to
the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{gl}_{n}$ admits an interpolation to any complex $n$.
We do this using the Deligne's category $\mathcal{D}_{t}$, which is a formal
way to define the category of finite-dimensional representations of the group
$GL_{n}$, when $n$ is not necessarily a natural number.
  We also obtain interpolations to any complex $n$ of the no-monodromy
conditions on a space of differential operators of order $n$, which are
considered to be a modern form of the Bethe ansatz equations. We prove that the
relations in the algebra of higher Gaudin Hamiltonians for complex $n$ are
generated by our interpolations of the no-monodromy conditions.
  Our constructions allow us to define what it means for a pseudo-deifferential
operator to have no monodromy. Motivated by the Bethe ansatz conjecture for the
Gaudin model associated with the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{gl}_{n\vert n'}$,
we show that a ratio of monodromy-free differential operators is a
pseudo-differential operator without monodromy.


  We examine the role of seesaw motivated exotic scalars in loop-mediated Higgs
decays. We consider a simple TeV-scale seesaw model built upon the fermionic
quintuplet mediator in conjunction with the scalar quadruplet, where we examine
portions of the model parameter space for which the contributions of charged
components of the scalar quadruplet significantly increase the $h \to \gamma
\gamma$ decay rate. The most significant change in the diphoton width comes
from a doubly charged scalar \Phi^{--} which should be the lightest component
in the scalar quadruplet. There is a mild suppression of the $h \to Z \gamma$
decay width by a factor 0.9 -- 0.7 in the part of the parameter space where the
$h \to \gamma \gamma$ decay width is enhanced by a factor 1.25 -- 2.


  Context. The main feature of the spatial large-scale galaxy distribution is
an intricate network of galaxy filaments. Although many attempts have been made
to quantify this network, there is no unique and satisfactory recipe for that
yet. Aims. The present paper compares the filaments in the real data and in the
numerical models, to see if our best models reproduce statistically the
filamentary network of galaxies. Methods. We apply an object point process with
interactions (the Bisous process) to trace and describe the filamentary network
both in the observed samples (the 2dFGRS catalogue) and in the numerical models
that have been prepared to mimic the data.We compare the networks. Results. We
find that the properties of filaments in numerical models (mock samples) have a
large variance. A few mock samples display filaments that resemble the observed
filaments, but usually the model filaments are much shorter and do not form an
extended network. Conclusions. We conclude that although we can build numerical
models that are similar to observations in many respects, they may fail yet to
explain the filamentary structure seen in the data. The Bisous-built filaments
are a good test for such a structure.


  The observance of parity conserving time reversal violation in light quark
systems could signal the presence of physics beyond the Standard Model. I
discuss the implications of low-energy time reversal tests for the existence of
such T-violating, P-conserving (TVPC) interactions. I argue that searches for
permanent electric dipole moments (EDM's) and direct TVPC searches provide
complementary information on P-conserving T-violation. EDM searches yield
constraints only under the assumption that parity symmetry is restored at the
scale Lambda associated with new TVPC physics. If parity remains broken at
short distances, direct searches yield the least ambiguous bounds. In the
latter case, improving the experimental precision of direct TVPC searches in
neutron beta-decay and polarized epithermal neutron transmission at the
Spallation Neutron Source could yield tighter bounds.


  To achieve atomic-level characterization of the diamond (001) surface,
persistent efforts have been made over the past few decades. The motivation
behind the pursuit extends beyond investigating surface defects and adsorbates;
it also involves unraveling the mystery of the smooth growth of diamond.
However, the inherently low conductivity and the short C-C bonds render atomic
resolution imaging exceptionally challenging. Here, we successfully overcame
these challenges by employing non-contact atomic force microscopy with reactive
Si tips. Atomic resolution imaging was achieved even at room temperature. With
density-functional-theory calculations, we clarified that the critical factors
for atomic resolution are in the formation of tilted C-Si bonds between
scanning probes and surfaces, along with reordering of the surface C-C dimers.
Implications of the findings extend beyond the realm of surface
characterization. The present atomic-resolution microscopies drive future
advancements in diamond technologies by providing avenues for identifying
dopants and constructing artificial nanostructures.


  The structure of eta-nucleus bound systems (eta mesic nuclei) is investigated
as one of the tools to study in-medium properties of the N(1535) (N^*)
resonance by using the chiral doublet model to incorporate the medium effects
of the N^* resonance in a chiral symmetric way. We find that the shape and the
depth of the eta-nucleus optical potential are strongly affected by the
in-medium properties of the N^* and the nucleon. Especially, as a general
feature of the potential, the existence of a repulsive core of the eta-nucleus
potential at the nuclear center with an attractive part at the nuclear surface
is concluded. We calculate the level structure of bound states in this
'central-repulsive and surface-attractive' optical potential and find that the
level structure is sensitive to the in-medium properties of the N^*. The
(d,3He) spectra are also evaluated for the formation of these bound states to
investigate the experimental feasibility. We also make comments on the possible
existence of halo-like eta states in beta-unstable halo nuclei.


  We investigate the effect of heavy flavor contributions to vector boson ($V$
= $\gamma$, $Z$, $W$) production which is described by the Drell-Yan mechanism.
All reactions with bottom and top quarks ($Q_i$ = $b$, $t$) in the final state,
like $q_1 + \bar{q}_2\rightarrow V + Q_1 + \bar{Q}_2$ and $g + g\rightarrow V +
Q_1 + \bar{Q}_2$, are considered. This study also includes the virtual
contributions containing heavy flavor loops which were not taken into account
earlier in the literature. Our analysis reveals that the above corrections to
the Drell-Yan cross section are very small. Only at energies characteristic for
the LHC they are of the same order of magnitude as the order \alphastwo~QCD
contributions due to light quark and gluon subprocesses calculated earlier in
the literature.


  We report the results of Suzaku observations of the young supernova remnant,
Vela Jr.\ (RX J0852.0$-$4622), which is known to emit synchrotron X-rays, as
well as TeV gamma-rays. Utilizing 39 Suzaku mapping observation data from Vela
Jr., a significant hard X-ray emission is detected with the hard X-ray detector
(HXD) from the north-west TeV-emitting region. The X-ray spectrum is well
reproduced by a single power-law model with the photon index of
3.15$^{+1.18}_{-1.14}$ in the 12--22 keV band. Compiling this with the soft
X-ray spectrum simultaneously observed with the X-ray imaging spectrometer
(XIS) onboard Suzaku, we find that the wide-band X-ray spectrum in the 2--22
keV band is reproduced with a single power-law or concave broken power-law
model, which are statistically consistent with each other. Whichever the model
of a single or broken power-law is appropriate, clearly the spectrum has no
rolloff structure. Applying this result to the method introduced in
\citet{yama2014}, we find that one-zone synchrotron model with electron
spectrum having a power-law plus exponential cutoff may not be applicable to
Vela Jr.


  The impact-parameter representation of the spin-flip amplitude of hadron
elastic scattering is examined in different unitarisation schemes, taking the
Born term of the spin-flip amplitude from the Dubna Dynamical Model (DDM). It
is shown that the basic properties of the unitarisation schemes are independent
of the functional form used for unitarisation but heavily depend on the
asymptotic value of the unitarised amplitude.


  Closed bosonic string theory on toroidal orbifolds is studied in a Lagrangian
path integral formulation. It is shown that a level one twisted WZW action
whose field value is restricted to Cartan subgroups of simply-laced Lie groups
on a Riemann surface is a natural and nontrivial extension of a first quantized
action of string theory on orbifolds with an antisymmetric background field.


  Freezing-of-gait a mysterious symptom of Parkinsons disease and defined as a
sudden loss of ability to move forward. Common treatments of freezing episodes
are currently of moderate efficacy and can likely be improved through a
reliable freezing evaluation. Basic-science studies about the characterization
of freezing episodes and a 24/7 evidence-support freezing detection system can
contribute to the reliability of the evaluation in daily life. In this study,
we analyzed multi-modal features from brain, eye, heart, motion, and gait
activity from 15 participants with idiopathic Parkinsons disease and 551
freezing episodes induced by turning in place. Statistical analysis was first
applied on 248 of the 551 to determine which multi-modal features were
associated with freezing episodes. Features significantly associated with
freezing episodes were ranked and used for the freezing detection. We found
that eye-stabilization speed during turning and lower-body trembling measure
significantly associated with freezing episodes and used for freezing
detection. Using a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, we obtained a
sensitivity of 97%+/-3%, a specificity of 96%+/-7%, a precision of 73%+/-21%, a
Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.82+/-0.15, and an area under the
Precision-Recall curve of 0.94+/-0.05. According to the Precision-Recall
curves, the proposed freezing detection method using the multi-modal features
performed better than using single-modal features.


  Moir\'e materials represent strongly interacting electron systems bridging
topological and correlated physics. Despite significant advances, decoding
wavefunction properties underlying the quantum geometry remains challenging.
Here, we utilize polarization-resolved photocurrent measurements to probe
magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, leveraging its sensitivity to the Berry
connection that encompasses quantum "textures" of electron wavefunctions. Using
terahertz light resonant with optical transitions of its flat bands, we observe
bulk photocurrents driven by broken symmetries and reveal the interplay between
electron interactions and quantum geometry. We observe inversion-breaking
gapped states undetectable through quantum transport, sharp changes in the
polarization axes caused by interaction-induced band renormalization, and
recurring photocurrent patterns at integer fillings of the moir\'e unit cell
that track the evolution of quantum geometry through the cascade of phase
transitions. The large and tunable terahertz response intrinsic to flat-band
systems offers direct insights into the quantum geometry of interacting
electrons and paves the way for innovative terahertz quantum technologies.


  In this letter, we investigate the performance of reconfigurable intelligent
surface (RIS)-assisted communications, under the assumption of generalized
Gaussian noise (GGN), over Rayleigh fading channels. Specifically, we consider
an RIS, equipped with $N$ reflecting elements, and derive a novel closed-form
expression for the symbol error rate (SER) of arbitrary modulation schemes. The
usefulness of the derived new expression is that it can be used to capture the
SER performance in the presence of special additive noise distributions such as
Gamma, Laplacian, and Gaussian noise. These special cases are also considered
and their associated asymptotic SER expressions are derived, and then employed
to quantify the achievable diversity order of the system. The theoretical
framework is corroborated by numerical results, which reveal that the shaping
parameter of the GGN ($\alpha$) has a negligible effect on the diversity order
of RIS-assisted systems, particularly for large $\alpha$ values. Accordingly,
the maximum achievable diversity order is determined by $N$.


  Given a formula in a temporal logic such as LTL or MTL, a fundamental problem
is the complexity of evaluating the formula on a given finite word. For LTL,
the complexity of this task was recently shown to be in NC. In this paper, we
present an NC algorithm for MTL, a quantitative (or metric) extension of LTL,
and give an NCC algorithm for UTL, the unary fragment of LTL. At the time of
writing, MTL is the most expressive logic with an NC path-checking algorithm,
and UTL is the most expressive fragment of LTL with a more efficient
path-checking algorithm than for full LTL (subject to standard
complexity-theoretic assumptions). We then establish a connection between LTL
path checking and planar circuits, which we exploit to show that any further
progress in determining the precise complexity of LTL path checking would
immediately entail more efficient evaluation algorithms than are known for a
certain class of planar circuits. The connection further implies that the
complexity of LTL path checking depends on the Boolean connectives allowed:
adding Boolean exclusive or yields a temporal logic with P-complete
path-checking problem.


  We investigate of the systems of proper motions of stars in the ground-based
catalogues HSOY, UCAC5, GPS1 and PMA derived by combining with the Gaia DR1
space data. Assuming the systematic differences of stellar proper motions of
two catalogues to be caused by the mutual solid-body rotation and glide of the
coordinate systems produced by the data of the catalogues under comparison, we
analyse the components of the mutual rotation vector and displacement of the
origins of these systems. The equatorial components of the vector of mutual
rotation velocity of the compared coordinate systems, as well as velocities of
the mutual displacement of their origins, varying within the range from 0.2 to
2.9 mas/yr, were derived from a comparison of proper motions of the sources
that are common for Gaia EDR3 and the TGAS, UCAC5, HSOY, GPS1 and PMA
catalogues, respectively. The systematic errors of proper motions of stars in
the HSOY, GPS1, PMA and Gaia EDR3 catalogues in the range of faint stellar
magnitudes were estimated by analysing the formal proper motions of
extragalactic objects contained in these catalogues. The coordinate system
realised by the Gaia EDR3 data at the level of < 0.1 mas/yr is shown to have no
rotation and glide relative to the LQAC-5, ALLWISEAGN, Milliquas extragalactis
sources within the range from 15 to 21 stellar G magnitude. Among the
ground-based catalogues, the system of proper motions of the PMA stars, which
is independent of the Gaia EDR3 data, is the closest to the Gaia EDR3 system of
proper motions in G magnitude range from 15 to 21.


  The main purpose of this note is to exhibit a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism loop
undetected by the Seidel morphism of certain 2-point blow-ups of $S^2 \times
S^2$, exactly one of which being monotone. As side remarks, we show that
Seidel's morphism is injective on all Hirzebruch surfaces and discuss how to
adapt the monotone example to the Lagrangian setting.


  We present a method to embed local electroneutrality within
Onsager-Stefan-Maxwell electrolytic-transport models, circumventing their
formulation as differential systems with an algebraic constraint. Flux-explicit
transport laws are formulated for general multicomponent electrolytes, in which
the conductivity, component diffusivities, and transference numbers relate to
Stefan-Maxwell coefficients through invertible matrix calculations. A
construction we call a `salt-charge basis' implements Guggenheim's
transformation of species electrochemical potentials into combinations
describing a minimal set of neutral components, leaving a unique combination
associated with electricity. Defining conjugate component concentrations and
fluxes that preserve the structures of the Gibbs function and energy
dissipation retains symmetric Onsager reciprocal relations. The framework
reproduces Newman's constitutive laws for binary electrolytes and the
Pollard-Newman laws for molten salts; we also propose laws for salt solutions
in two-solvent blends, such as lithium-ion-battery electrolytes. Finally, we
simulate a potentiostatic Hull cell containing a non-ideal binary electrolyte
with concentration-dependent properties.


  The observation of X-rays during quiescence from transiently accreting
neutron stars provides unique clues about the nature of dense matter. This,
however, requires extensive modeling of the crusts and matching the results to
observations. The pycnonuclear fusion reaction rates implemented in these
models are theoretically calculated by extending phenomenological expressions
and have large uncertainties spanning many orders of magnitude. We present the
first sensitivity studies of these pycnonuclear fusion reactions in realistic
network calculations. We also couple the reaction network with the thermal
evolution code dStar to further study their impact on the neutron star cooling
curves in quiescence. Varying the pycnonuclear fusion reaction rates alters the
depth at which nuclear heat is deposited although the total heating remains
constant. The enhancement of the pycnonuclear fusion reaction rates leads to an
overall shallower deposition of nuclear heat. The impurity factors are also
altered depending on the type of ashes deposited on the crust. These total
changes correspond to a variation of up to 9 eV in the modeled cooling curves.
While this is not sufficient to explain the shallow heat source, it is
comparable to the observational uncertainties and can still be important for
modeling the neutron star crust.


  Starting from the semi-analytic construction of a equation of state (EoS)
which takes into account nuclear and quark matter at finite temperature, we
study the possibility that proto-neutron stars, be proto-hybrid stars whose
cores are composed of quark matter. We obtain the mass-radius relationship and
discuss the latest constraints on masses and radii of neutron stars,
considering the pulsars PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0348 + 0432.


  We investigate extra spatial dimensions ($D = 3+\epsilon$) in the early
universe using very high resolution molecular rotational spectroscopic data
derived from a large molecular cloud containing moderately cold carbon monoxide
gas at Z $\approx 6.42$. It turns out that the $\epsilon$-dependent quantum
mechanical wavelength transitions are solvable for a linear molecule and we
present the solution here. The CO microwave data allows a very precise
determination of $< \epsilon > = -0.00000657 \pm .10003032$. The probability
that $ < \epsilon > \neq 0$ is one in 7794, only 850 million years (using the
standard cosmology) after the Big Bang.


  We propose a model of dark matter: galaxy-sized 't Hooft-Polyakov magnetic
monopoles in a new, extraordinarily weakly coupled SU(2) gauge sector with an
adjoint Higgs field and two flavors of fundamental fermions. We fit the
parameters by asserting that the dark matter halos of the lightest dwarf
spheroidal (dSph) galaxies consist of a single charge Q=1 monopole. Lensing and
wide binary bounds are then easily satisfied and the monopoles form in time to
help with CMB fluctuations. In this model dSph and low surface brightness (LSB)
halos automatically have (1) A minimum mass - Dirac quantization solves the
missing satellite problem, (2) A constant density core (r<r_1), (3) An
intermediate regime (r_1<r<r_2) with density proportional to 1/r^2. The model
predicts that (A) r_1 is proportional to the stellar rotational/dispersion
velocities at r_1<r<r_2, (B) r_2 is reasonably Q independent and so dSph halos
extend at least ten times farther than their half-light and tidal radii, (C)
The minimal stellar dispersion is 1/sqrt{2} times the next-smallest allowed
value. A serious potential problem with our proposal is that non-BPS monopoles
are repulsive. The Jackiw-Rebbi mechanism yields four species of monopoles, and
we assume that, for some choice of Yukawa couplings, one species is light and
serves only to screen the repulsive interactions of another.


  We propose a predictive standard model for heavy electron systems based on a
detailed phenomenological two-fluid description of existing experimental data.
It leads to a new phase diagram that replaces the Doniach picture, describes
the emergent anomalous scaling behavior of the heavy electron (Kondo) liquid
measured below the lattice coherence temperature, T*, seen by many different
experimental probes, that marks the onset of collective hybridization, and
enables one to obtain important information on quantum criticality and the
superconducting/antiferromagnetic states at low temperatures. Because T* is
~J^2\rho/2, the nearest neighbor RKKY interaction, a knowledge of the
single-ion Kondo coupling, J, to the background conduction electron density of
states, \rho, makes it possible to predict Kondo liquid behavior, and to
estimate its maximum superconducting transition temperature in both existing
and newly discovered heavy electron families.


  We study a dense colloidal suspension confined between two quasiparallel
glass plates as a model system for a supercooled liquid in confined geometries.
We directly observe the three-dimensional Brownian motion of the colloidal
particles using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The particles form dense
layers along the walls, but crystallization is avoided as we use a mixture of
two particle sizes. A normally liquid-like sample, when confined, exhibits
slower diffusive motion. Particle rearrangements are spatially heterogeneous,
and the shapes of the rearranging regions are strongly influenced by the
layering. These rearranging regions become more planar upon confinement. The
wall-induced layers and changing character of the spatially heterogeneous
dynamics appear strongly connected to the confinement induced glassiness.


  In this paper, we study the physical properties and characteristics of matter
forming thin accretion disks in static and spherically symmetric wormhole
spacetimes. In particular, the time averaged energy flux, the disk temperature
and the emission spectra of the accretion disks are obtained for these exotic
geometries, and are compared with the Schwarzschild solution. It is shown that
more energy is emitted from the disk in a wormhole geometry than in the case of
the Schwarzschild potential and the conversion efficiency of the accreted mass
into radiation is more than a factor of two higher for the wormholes than for
static black holes. These effects in the disk radiation are confirmed in the
radial profiles of temperature corresponding to the flux distributions, and in
the emission spectrum \omega L(\omega) of the accretion disks. We conclude that
specific signatures appear in the electromagnetic spectrum, thus leading to the
possibility of distinguishing wormhole geometries by using astrophysical
observations of the emission spectra from accretion disks.


  We present subarcsecond-resolution mid-infrared images of the debris disk
surrounding the 230 Myr- old A star Zeta Lep. Our data obtained with T-ReCS at
Gemini South show the source to be unresolved at 10.4 microns but clearly
extended at 18.3 microns. Quadratic subtraction of the PSF profile from that of
Zeta Lep implies a characteristic radius for the dust disk of 3 AU, which is
comparable in size to our solar system's asteroid belt. Simple models suggest
that the 18 micron flux is well approximated by two contiguous annuli of
mid-infrared-emitting dust from 2-4 and 4-8 AU with a 3:1 flux ratio for the
annuli, respectively. We consider two scenarios for the collisions that must be
resupplying the dust population: (1) continuous "steady state" grinding of
planetesimals, and (2) an isolated cataclysmic collision. We determine that
radiation pressure and subsequent collisions are the dominant determinants of
the disk morphology in either case, and that Poynting-Robertson drag is
comparatively insignificant.


  We study condensation of scalar fields around compact reflecting stars in a
box. We propose no light scalar hair behaviors that the neutral compact star
cannot support the existence of small single positive mass scalar field in it's
exterior spacetime for very general self-interacting potentials. Moreover, we
find that this no light scalar hair property can be violated by including an
additional Maxwell field coupled to the scalar field in a charged compact
reflecting star background.


  We develop a new method for regularising neural networks. We learn a
probability distribution over the activations of all layers of the model and
then insert imputed values into the network during training. We obtain a
posterior for an arbitrary subset of activations conditioned on the remainder.
This is a generalisation of data augmentation to the hidden layers of a
network, and a form of data-aware dropout. We demonstrate that our training
method leads to higher test accuracy and lower test-set cross-entropy for
neural networks trained on CIFAR-10 and SVHN compared to standard
regularisation baselines: our approach leads to networks with better calibrated
uncertainty over the class posteriors all the while delivering greater test-set
accuracy.


  We introduce the package "GraphicalModelsMLE" for computing the maximum
likelihood estimates (MLEs) of a Gaussian graphical model in the computer
algebra system Macaulay2. This package allows the computation of MLEs for the
class of loopless mixed graphs. Additional functionality allows the user to
explore the underlying algebraic structure of the model, such as its maximum
likelihood degree and the ideal of score equations.


  The ropelength of a knot is the quotient of its length by its thickness. We
consider a family of energy functions for knots, depending on a power p, which
approach ropelength as p increases. We describe a numerically computed trefoil
knot which seems to be a local minimum for ropelength; there are nearby
critical points for the p-energies, which are evidently local minima for large
enough p.


  We give a summary of the current state of Local Bubble research, resulting
from the discussions of a dedicated panel meeting. After more than 25 years of
intense observational and theoretical work, we are still far from a coherent
picture, although a probable one emerges at the horizon. A multi-supernova
origin seems to be the best guess, with non-equilibrium cooling and soft X-ray
emission accompanying its expansion. In addition our vantage point may force us
to accept a substantial but quantitatively unknown contribution from
heliospheric emission.


  Concerning the gravitational corrections to the running of gauge couplings
two different results were reported. Some authors claim that gravitational
correction at the one-loop level indicates an interesting effect of universal
gravitational decreasing of gauge couplings, that is, gravitational correction
works universally in the direction of asymptotic freedom no matter how the
gauge coupling behaves without gravity, while others reject the presence of
gravitational correction at the one-loop level at all. Being these calculations
done in the framework of an effective field theory approach to general
relativity, we wanted to draw attention to a recently discovered profound
quantum-gravitational effect of space-time dimension running that inevitably
affects the running of gauge couplings. The running of space-time dimension
indicating gradual reduction of dimension as one gets into smaller scales acts
on the coupling constants in the direction of asymptotic freedom and therefore
in any case manifests the plausibility of this quantum-gravitational effect.
Curiously enough, the results are also in perfect quantitative agreement with
those of Robinson and Wilczek.


  In the way of proving Kneser's conjecture, L\'{a}szl\'{o} Lov\'{a}sz settled
out a new lower bound for the chromatic number. He showed that if neighborhood
complex $\mathcal{N}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is topologically $k$-connected, then
its chromatic number is at least $k+3$. Then he completed his proof by showing
that this bound is tight for the Kneser graph. However, there are some graphs
where this bound is not useful at all, even comparing by the obvious bound; the
clique number. For instance, if a graph contains no complete bipartite graph
$\mathcal{K}_{l, m}$, then its Lov\'{a}sz's bound is at most $l+m-1$. But, it
can have an arbitrarily large chromatic number.
  In this note, we present new graphs showing that the gaps between the
chromatic number, the clique number, and the Lov\'{a}sz bound can be
arbitrarily large. More precisely, for given positive integers $l, m$ and
$2\leq p\leq q$, we construct a connected graph which contains a copy of
$\mathcal{K}_{l,m}$, and its chromatic number, clique number, and Lov\'{a}sz's
bound are $q$, $p$, and $3$, respectively.


  We compute the O(alpha_s) corrections to the Wilson coefficient of the
kinetic operator in inclusive semileptonic B decays. Our analytic calculation
agrees with reparameterization invariance and with previous numerical results
and paves the way to the calculation of analogous corrections to other
power-suppressed coefficients.


  Statistical properties of circulation encode relevant information about the
multi-scale structure of turbulent cascades. Recent massive computational
efforts have posed challenging theoretical issues, as the dependence of
circulation moments upon Reynolds numbers and length scales, and the specific
shape of the heavy-tailed circulation probability distribution functions. We
address these focal points in an investigation of circulation statistics for
planar cuts of three-dimensional flows. The model introduced here borrows ideas
from the structural approach to turbulence, whereby turbulent flows are
depicted as dilute vortex gases, combined with the standard Obukhov-Kolmogorov
phenomenological framework of small-scale intermittency. We are able to
reproduce, in this way, key statistical features of circulation, in close
agreement with empirical observations compiled from direct numerical
simulations.


  The worldwide growth of e-commerce has created new challenges for logistics
companies, one of which is being able to deliver products quickly and at low
cost, which reflects directly in the way of sorting packages, needing to
eliminate steps such as storage and batch creation. Our work presents a
multi-agent system that uses trajectory data mining techniques to extract
territorial patterns and use them in the dynamic creation of last-mile routes.
The problem can be modeled as a Dynamic Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
(VRP) with Stochastic Customer, being therefore NP-HARD, what makes its
implementation unfeasible for many packages. The work's main contribution is to
solve this problem only depending on the Warehouse system configurations and
not on the number of packages processed, which is appropriate for Big Data
scenarios commonly present in the delivery of e-commerce products.
Computational experiments were conducted for single and multi depot instances.
Due to its probabilistic nature, the proposed approach presented slightly lower
performances when compared to the static VRP algorithm. However, the
operational gains that our solution provides making it very attractive for
situations in which the routes must be set dynamically.


  We probe the environmental properties of X-ray supernova remnants (SNRs) at
various points along their evolutionary journey, especially the S-T phase, and
their conformance with theoretically derived models of SNR evolution. The
remnant size is used as a proxy for the age of the remnant. Our data set
includes 34 Milky Way, 59 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and 5 Small Magellanic
Cloud (SMC) SNRs. We select remnants that have been definitively typed as
either core-collapse (CC) or Type Ia supernovae, with well-defined size
estimates, and a thermal X-ray flux measured over the entire remnant. A catalog
of SNR size and X-ray luminosity is presented and plotted, with ambient density
and age estimates from the literature. Model remnants with a given density, in
the Sedov-Taylor (S-T) phase, are overplotted on the diameter-vs-luminosity
plot, allowing the evolutionary state and physical properties of SNRs to be
compared to each other, and to theoretical models. We find that small, young
remnants are predominantly Type Ia remnants or high luminosity CCs, suggesting
that many CC SNRs are not detected until after they have emerged from the
progenitor's wind-blown bubble. An examination of the distribution of SNR
diameters in the Milky Way and LMC reveals that LMC SNRs must be evolving in an
ambient medium which is 30% as dense as that in the Milky Way. This is
consistent with ambient density estimates for the Galaxy and LMC.


  A 2+1-dimensional anisentropic magnetogasdynamic system with a polytropic gas
law is shown to admit an integrable elliptic vortex reduction when $\gamma=2$
to a nonlinear dynamical subsystem with underlying integrable
Hamiltonian-Ermakov structure. Exact solutions of the magnetogasdynamic system
are thereby obtained which describe a rotating elliptic plasma cylinder. The
semi-axes of the elliptical cross-section, remarkably, satisfy a
Ermakov-Ray-Reid system.


  We study complex networks under random matrix theory (RMT) framework. Using
nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor spacing distributions we analyze the
eigenvalues of adjacency matrix of various model networks, namely, random,
scale-free and small-world networks. These distributions follow Gaussian
orthogonal ensemble statistic of RMT. To probe long-range correlations in the
eigenvalues we study spectral rigidity via $\Delta_3$ statistic of RMT as well.
It follows RMT prediction of linear behavior in semi-logarithmic scale with
slope being $\sim 1/\pi^2$. Random and scale-free networks follow RMT
prediction for very large scale. Small-world network follows it for
sufficiently large scale, but much less than the random and scale-free
networks.


  The Bismut formula is established for the intrinsic derivative of singular
McKean-Vlasov SDEs, where the noise coefficient belongs to a local Sobolev
space, and the drift contains a locally integrable time-space term as well as a
time-space-distribution term Lipschitz continuous in the space and distribution
variables. The results are new also for classical SDEs.


  We consider both finite-state game graphs and recursive game graphs (or
pushdown game graphs), that can model the control flow of sequential programs
with recursion, with multi-dimensional mean-payoff objectives. In pushdown
games two types of strategies are relevant: global strategies, that depend on
the entire global history; and modular strategies, that have only local memory
and thus do not depend on the context of invocation. We present solutions to
several fundamental algorithmic questions and our main contributions are as
follows: (1) We show that finite-state multi-dimensional mean-payoff games can
be solved in polynomial time if the number of dimensions and the maximal
absolute value of the weight is fixed; whereas if the number of dimensions is
arbitrary, then problem is already known to be coNP-complete. (2) We show that
pushdown graphs with multi-dimensional mean-payoff objectives can be solved in
polynomial time. (3) For pushdown games under global strategies both single and
multi-dimensional mean-payoff objectives problems are known to be undecidable,
and we show that under modular strategies the multi-dimensional problem is also
undecidable (whereas under modular strategies the single dimensional problem is
NP-complete). We show that if the number of modules, the number of exits, and
the maximal absolute value of the weight is fixed, then pushdown games under
modular strategies with single dimensional mean-payoff objectives can be solved
in polynomial time, and if either of the number of exits or the number of
modules is not bounded, then the problem is NP-hard. (4) Finally we show that a
fixed parameter tractable algorithm for finite-state multi-dimensional
mean-payoff games or pushdown games under modular strategies with
single-dimensional mean-payoff objectives would imply the solution of the
long-standing open problem of fixed parameter tractability of parity games.


  This paper deals with the numerical modeling of wave propagation in porous
media described by Biot's theory. The viscous efforts between the fluid and the
elastic skeleton are assumed to be a linear function of the relative velocity,
which is valid in the low-frequency range. The coexistence of propagating fast
compressional wave and shear wave, and of a diffusive slow compressional wave,
makes numerical modeling tricky. To avoid restrictions on the time step, the
Biot's system is splitted into two parts: the propagative part is discretized
by a fourth-order ADER scheme, while the diffusive part is solved analytically.
Near the material interfaces, a space-time mesh refinement is implemented to
capture the small spatial scales related to the slow compressional wave. The
jump conditions along the interfaces are discretized by an immersed interface
method. Numerical experiments and comparisons with exact solutions confirm the
accuracy of the numerical modeling. The efficiency of the approach is
illustrated by simulations of multiple scattering.


  It is shown that in nanoporous titanium dioxide films, sensitivity to
atmospheric hydrogen exposure and electroforming can coexist and are
interdependent. The devices work as conventional hydrogen sensors below a
threshold electric field while above it, the well-known electroforming is
observed. Offering hydrogen in this regime accelerates the electroforming
process, and in addition to the usual reversible increase of the conductance in
response to the hydrogen gas, an irreversible conductance decrease is
superimposed. The behavior is interpreted in terms of a phenomenological model
where current carrying, oxygen-deficient filaments with hydrogen-dependent
conductivities form inside the titanium dioxide matrix.


  The spectrum of short-wavelength magnons in two-dimensional quantum
Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice is calculated in the third order
in $1/S$ expansion. It is shown that $1/S$ series for $S=1/2$ converges fast in
the whole Brillouin zone except for the neighborhood of the point ${\bf
k}=(\pi,0)$, at which absolute values of the third and the second order
$1/S$-corrections are approximately equal to each other. It is shown that the
third order corrections make deeper the roton-like local minimum at ${\bf
k}=(\pi,0)$ improving the agreement with the recent experiments and numerical
results in the neighborhood of this point. It is suggested that $1/S$ series
converges slowly near ${\bf k}=(\pi,0)$ also for $S=1$ although the spectrum
renormalization would be small in this case due to very small values of
high-order $1/S$ corrections.


  While there are numerous linear algebra teaching tools, they tend to be
focused on the basics, and not handle the more advanced aspects. This project
aims to fill that gap, focusing specifically on methods like Strassen's fast
matrix multiplication.


  Large field surveys of NH3, C2S, 13CO and C18O in the L1551 dark cloud have
revealed a prolate, pre-protostellar molecular core (L1551-MC) in a relatively
quiescent region to the northwest of the well-known IRS 5 source. The kinetic
temperature is measured to be 9K, the total mass is ~2Msun, and the average
particle density is 10^4-10^5 cm^(-3). L1551-MC is 2.25' x 1.11' in projection
oriented at a position angle of 133deg. The turbulent motions are on the order
of the sound speed in the medium and contain 4% of the gravitational energy,
E_{grav}, of the core. The angular momentum vector is projected along the major
axis of L1551-MC corresponding to a rotational energy of 2.5E-3(sin
i)^(-2)|E_{grav}|. The thermal energy constitutes about a third of |E_{grav}|
and the virial mass is approximately equal to the total mass. L1551-MC is
gravitationally bound and in the absence of strong, ~160 microgauss, magnetic
fields will likely contract on a ~0.3 Myr time scale. The line profiles of many
molecular species suggest that the cold quiescent interior is surrounded by a
dynamic, perhaps infalling envelope which is embedded within the ambient
molecular gas of L1551.


  We compute the two-loop QCD helicity amplitudes for the production of a Higgs
boson in association with a bottom-quark pair at a hadron collider. We take the
approximations of leading colour and work in the five flavour scheme, where the
bottom quarks are massless while the Yukawa coupling is non-zero. We extract
analytic expressions from multiple numerical evaluations over finite fields and
present the results in terms of an independent set of special functions that
can be reliably evaluated over the full phase space.


  Trehalose diesters exhibiting $\alpha$,$\omega$-unsaturation are glycolipids
which can be easily polymerized by ADMET (acyclic diene metathesis)
polymerization. In this paper, enzymatic esterification was performed to
selectively esterify primary hydroxyl groups of trehalose (6 and 6'-positions)
with vinyl undecenoate. The vinyl ester was beforehand obtained by
palladium-catalyzed transesterification of undecenoic acid with vinyl acetate.
The resulting trehalose diundecenoate was homopolymerized and copolymerized
with undecenyl undecenoate in order to obtain random copolymers with different
compositions. The synthesis of such copolymers was confirmed by 1 H NMR
spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Their solid-state phase
separation were investigated by DSC and X-ray scattering as function of
temperature and their solution self-assembly was investigated by dynamic light
scattering (DLS) in water.


  The odd-odd fp-shell nucleus 52Sc was investigated using in-beam gamma-ray
spectroscopy following secondary fragmentation of a 55V and 57Cr cocktail beam.
Aside from the known gamma-ray transition at 674(5)keV, a new decay at
E_gamma=212(3) keV was observed. It is attributed to the depopulation of a
low-lying excited level. This new state is discussed in the framework of
shell-model calculations with the GXPF1, GXPF1A, and KB3G effective
interactions. These calculations are found to be fairly robust for the
low-lying level scheme of 52Sc irrespective of the choice of the effective
interaction. In addition, the frequency of spin values predicted by the shell
model is successfully modeled by a spin distribution formulated in a
statistical approach with an empirical, energy-independent spin-cutoff
parameter.


  In many engineering and industrial applications, the investigation of
rotating turbulent flow is of great interest. In rotor-stator cavities, the
centrifugal and Coriolis forces have a strong influence on the turbulence by
producing a secondary flow in the meridian plane composed of two thin boundary
layers along the disks separated by a non-viscous geostrophic core. Most
numerical simulations have been performed using RANS and URANS modelling, and
very few investigations have been performed using LES. This paper reports on
quantitative comparisons of two high-order LES methods to predict a turbulent
rotor-stator flow at the rotational Reynolds number Re=400000. The classical
dynamic Smagorinsky model for the subgrid-scale stress (Germano et al., Phys
Fluids A 3(7):1760-1765, 1991) is compared to a spectral vanishing viscosity
technique (S\'everac & Serre, J Comp Phys 226(2):1234-1255, 2007). Numerical
results include both instantaneous data and postprocessed statistics. The
results show that both LES methods are able to accurately describe the unsteady
flow structures and to satisfactorily predict mean velocities as well as
Reynolds stress tensor components. A slight advantage is given to the spectral
SVV approach in terms of accuracy and CPU cost. The strong improvements
obtained in the present results with respect to RANS results confirm that LES
is the appropriate level of modelling for flows in which fully turbulent and
transition regimes are involved.


  We investigate the notion of a subgroup of a quantum group. We suggest a
general definition, which takes into account the work that has been done for
quantum homogeneous spaces. We further restrict our attention to reductive
subgroups, where some faithful flatness conditions apply. Furthermore, we
proceed with a categorical approach to the problem of finding quantum
subgroups. We translate all existing results into the language of module and
monoidal categories and give another characterization of the notion of a
quantum subgroup.


  Semi-supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods often rely on
graphs to model data, prompting research on how theoretical properties of
operators on graphs are leveraged in learning problems. While most of the
existing literature focuses on undirected graphs, directed graphs are very
important in practice, giving models for physical, biological, or
transportation networks, among many other applications. In this paper, we
propose a new framework for rigorously studying continuum limits of learning
algorithms on directed graphs. We use the new framework to study the PageRank
algorithm, and show how it can be interpreted as a numerical scheme on a
directed graph involving a type of normalized graph Laplacian. We show that the
corresponding continuum limit problem, which is taken as the number of webpages
grows to infinity, is a second-order, possibly degenerate, elliptic equation
that contains reaction, diffusion, and advection terms. We prove that the
numerical scheme is consistent and stable and compute explicit rates of
convergence of the discrete solution to the solution of the continuum limit
PDE. We give applications to proving stability and asymptotic regularity of the
PageRank vector. Finally, we illustrate our results with numerical experiments
and explore an application to data depth.


  We consider propagation of transverse magnetic electromagnetic waves through
a nonlinear metamaterial slab, of subwavelength thickness and very small
average dielectric permittivity, made up of alternating metal and dielectric
nonlinear layers. Exploiting the effective-medium approach, we prove that the
output field intensity is a multi-valued function of both the input field
intensity and incidence angle so that the transmissivity exhibits a novel kind
of multi-stability and a pronounced two-parameter hysteresis behavior. The
predicted two-parameter hysteresis physically stems from the fact that, since
the linear and nonlinear contributions to the overall dielectric response can
be comparable, the slab can host more than one electromagnetic configuration
compatible with the incident field and the boundary conditions, regardless of
the slab thickness. We investigate slab transmission also through full wave
simulations proving the robustness of the two-parameter hysteresis beyond the
effective-medium approximation.


  In the Minkowski space-time, a world hyper-sheet is a timelike hypersurface
consisting of a one-parameter family of spacelike submanifolds. Recently,
Bousso and Randall introduced the notion of caustics of world hyper-sheets in
order to define the notion of holographic domains in space-time. Here, we give
a mathematical framework for describing the caustics of world hyper-sheets in
the Minkowski space-time. As a consequence, we investigate the singularities of
the caustics of world hyper-sheets and whose geometrical meanings. Although the
Minkowski space-time has zero gravity, this framework gives a simple toy model
for general cases.


  Discovering the mechanism underlying the ubiquity of $"1/f^{\alpha}"$ noise
has been a long--standing problem. The wide range of systems in which the
fluctuations show the implied long--time correlations suggests the existence of
some simple and general mechanism that is independent of the details of any
specific system. We argue here that a {\it memoryless nonlinear response}
suffices to explain the observed non--trivial values of $\alpha$: a random
input noisy signal $S(t)$ with a power spectrum varying as $1/f^{\alpha'}$,
when fed to an element with such a response function $R$ gives an output
$R(S(t))$ that can have a power spectrum $1/f^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha <
\alpha'$. As an illustrative example, we show that an input Brownian noise
($\alpha'=2$) acting on a device with a sigmoidal response function $R(S)=
\sgn(S)|S|^x$, with $x<1$, produces an output with $\alpha = 3/2 +x$, for $0
\leq x \leq 1/2$. Our discussion is easily extended to more general types of
input noise as well as more general response functions.


  Isotropic positive definite functions on spheres play important roles in
spatial statistics, where they occur as the correlation functions of
homogeneous random fields and star-shaped random particles. In approximation
theory, strictly positive definite functions serve as radial basis functions
for interpolating scattered data on spherical domains. We review
characterizations of positive definite functions on spheres in terms of
Gegenbauer expansions and apply them to dimension walks, where monotonicity
properties of the Gegenbauer coefficients guarantee positive definiteness in
higher dimensions. Subject to a natural support condition, isotropic positive
definite functions on the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^3$, such as Askey's and
Wendland's functions, allow for the direct substitution of the Euclidean
distance by the great circle distance on a one-, two- or three-dimensional
sphere, as opposed to the traditional approach, where the distances are
transformed into each other. Completely monotone functions are positive
definite on spheres of any dimension and provide rich parametric classes of
such functions, including members of the powered exponential, Mat\'{e}rn,
generalized Cauchy and Dagum families. The sine power family permits a
continuous parameterization of the roughness of the sample paths of a Gaussian
process. A collection of research problems provides challenges for future work
in mathematical analysis, probability theory and spatial statistics.


  This paper discusses three matter-of-principle methods for measuring the
general relativity correction to the Newtonian values of the position of
collinear Lagrangian points L1 and L2 of the Sun-Earth-satellite system. All
approaches are based on time measurements. The first approach exploits a pulsar
emitting signals and two receiving antennas located at L1 and L2, respectively.
The second method is based on a relativistic positioning system based on the
Lagrangian points themselves. These first two methods depend crucially on the
synchronization of clocks at L1 and L2. The third method combines a pulsar and
an artificial emitter at the stable points L4 or L5 forming a basis for the
positioning of the collinear points L1 and L2. Further possibilities are
mentioned and the feasibility of the measurements is considered.


  We consider a $d$-dimensional branching particle system in a random
environment. Suppose that the initial measures converge weakly to a measure
with bounded density. Under the Mytnik-Sturm branching mechanism, we prove that
the corresponding empirical measure $X_t^n$ converges weakly in the Skorohod
space $D([0,T];M_F(\mathbb{R}^d))$ and the limit has a density $u_t(x)$, where
$M_F(\mathbb{R}^d)$ is the space of finite measures on $\mathbb{R}^d$. We also
derive a stochastic partial differential equation $u_t(x)$ satisfies. By using
the techniques of Malliavin calculus, we prove that $u_t(x)$ is jointly
H\"{o}lder continuous in time with exponent $\frac{1}{2}-\epsilon$ and in space
with exponent $1-\epsilon$ for any $\epsilon>0$.


  We expose the theoretical mechanisms underlying disorder-induced nematicity
in systems exhibiting strong fluctuations or ordering in the nematic channel.
Our analysis consists of a symmetry-based Ginzburg-Landau approach and
associated microscopic calculations. We show that a single featureless
point-like impurity induces nematicity locally, already above the critical
nematic transition temperature. The persistence of fourfold rotational symmetry
constrains the resulting disorder-induced nematicity to be inhomogeneous and
spatially average to zero. Going beyond the single impurity case, we discuss
the effects of finite disorder concentrations on the appearance of nematicity.
We identify the conditions that allow disorder to enhance the nematic
transition temperature, and we provide a concrete example. The presented
theoretical results can explain a large series of recent experimental
discoveries of disorder-induced nematic order in iron-based superconductors.


  Driver drowsiness has caused a large number of serious injuries and deaths on
public roads and incurred billions of taxpayer dollars in costs. Hence,
monitoring of drowsiness is critical to reduce this burden on society. This
paper surveys the broad range of solutions proposed to address the challenges
of driver drowsiness, and identifies the key steps required for successful
implementation. Although some commercial products already exist, with
vehicle-based methods most commonly implemented by automotive manufacturers,
these systems may not have the level of accuracy required to properly predict
and monitor drowsiness. State-of-the-art models use physiological, behavioural
and vehicle-based methods to detect drowsiness, with hybrid methods emerging as
a superior approach. Current setbacks to implementing these methods include
late detection, intrusiveness and subject diversity. In particular,
physiological monitoring methods such as Electroencephalography (EEG) are
intrusive to drivers; while behavioural monitoring is least robust, affected by
external factors such as lighting, as well as being subject to privacy
concerns. Drowsiness detection models are often developed and validated based
on subjective measures, with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale being the most
popular. Subjective and incoherent labelling of drowsiness, lack of on road
data and inconsistent protocols for data collection are among other challenges
to be addressed to progress drowsiness detection for reliable on-road use.


  System combination is an important technique for combining the hypotheses of
different machine translation systems to improve translation performance.
Although early statistical approaches to system combination have been proven
effective in analyzing the consensus between hypotheses, they suffer from the
error propagation problem due to the use of pipelines. While this problem has
been alleviated by end-to-end training of multi-source sequence-to-sequence
models recently, these neural models do not explicitly analyze the relations
between hypotheses and fail to capture their agreement because the attention to
a word in a hypothesis is calculated independently, ignoring the fact that the
word might occur in multiple hypotheses. In this work, we propose an approach
to modeling voting for system combination in machine translation. The basic
idea is to enable words in hypotheses from different systems to vote on words
that are representative and should get involved in the generation process. This
can be done by quantifying the influence of each voter and its preference for
each candidate. Our approach combines the advantages of statistical and neural
methods since it can not only analyze the relations between hypotheses but also
allow for end-to-end training. Experiments show that our approach is capable of
better taking advantage of the consensus between hypotheses and achieves
significant improvements over state-of-the-art baselines on Chinese-English and
English-German machine translation tasks.


  A nonlinear wave mechanical equation is proposed by inserting an imaginary
quantum potential into the Schr\"{o}dinger equation. An explicit expression for
its solution is given under certain assumptions and it is shown that it entails
attenuation related effects as non-unitary evolution, non-exponential quantum
decay and entropy production. In the quantum hydrodynamical formulation the
existence of circulation effects for the osmotic velocity field is established.
Finally, a time-invariant equation for the probability density is derived,
analogous to the tensor Lighthill equation in aeroacoustics, which admits both
retarded and advanced solutions.


  Let $\Gamma$ be a discrete icc subgroup of PSL(2,R) of infinite covolume. and
let M denote the quotient of the unit disc by $\Gamma$. We prove that a
Toeplitz operator with $\Gamma$-invariant symbol f in C(M) is Brauer Fredholm
if its symbol is invertible on the boundary of M and its Brauer index is equal
to the winding number of f at the boundary. We construct the associated
extension of the algebra of functions continuous on the boundary of M by the
Brauer ideal in the C*-algebra generated by such operators.


  Many important stochastic counting models can be written as general
birth-death processes (BDPs). BDPs are continuous-time Markov chains on the
non-negative integers and can be used to easily parameterize a rich variety of
probability distributions. Although the theoretical properties of general BDPs
are well understood, traditionally statistical work on BDPs has been limited to
the simple linear (Kendall) process, which arises in ecology and evolutionary
applications. Aside from a few simple cases, it remains impossible to find
analytic expressions for the likelihood of a discretely-observed BDP, and
computational difficulties have hindered development of tools for statistical
inference. But the gap between BDP theory and practical methods for estimation
has narrowed in recent years. There are now robust methods for evaluating
likelihoods for realizations of BDPs: finite-time transition, first passage,
equilibrium probabilities, and distributions of summary statistics that arise
commonly in applications. Recent work has also exploited the connection between
continuously- and discretely-observed BDPs to derive EM algorithms for maximum
likelihood estimation. Likelihood-based inference for previously intractable
BDPs is much easier than previously thought and regression approaches analogous
to Poisson regression are straightforward to derive. In this review, we outline
the basic mathematical theory for BDPs and demonstrate new tools for
statistical inference using data from BDPs. We give six examples of BDPs and
derive EM algorithms to fit their parameters by maximum likelihood. We show how
to compute the distribution of integral summary statistics and give an example
application to the total cost of an epidemic. Finally, we suggest future
directions for innovation in this important class of stochastic processes.


  A variety of nickel oxide compounds have long been studied for their
manifestation of various correlated electron phenomena. Recently,
superconductivity was observed in nanoscale infinite layer nickelate thin films
of Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_2$, epitaxially stabilized on SrTiO$_3$ substrates
via topotactic reduction from the perovskite precursor phase. Here we present
the synthesis and properties of PrNiO$_2$ thin films on SrTiO$_3$. Upon doping
in Pr$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_2$, we observe superconductivity with a transition
temperature of 7-12 K, and robust critical current density at 2 K of 334
kA/cm$^2$. These findings indicate that superconductivity in the infinite layer
nickelates is relatively insensitive to the details of the rare earth 4$f$
configuration. Furthermore, they motivate the exploration of a broader family
of compounds based on two-dimensional NiO$_2$ planes, which will enable
systematic investigation of the superconducting and normal state properties and
their underlying mechanisms.


  A moduli space ${\mathcal N}$ of stable parabolic vector bundles, of rank $r$
and parabolic degree zero, on a $n$-pointed curve has two naturally occurring
holomorphic $T^*{\mathcal N}$--torsors over it. One of them is given by the
moduli space of pairs of the form $(E_*, D)$, where $E_* \in {\mathcal N}$ and
$D$ is a connection on $E_*$. This $T^*{\mathcal N}$--torsor has a $C^\infty$
section that sends any $E_* \in {\mathcal N}$ to the unique connection on it
with unitary monodromy. The other $T^*{\mathcal N}$--torsor is given by the
sheaf of holomorphic connections on a theta line bundle over ${\mathcal N}$.
This $T^*{\mathcal N}$--torsor also has a $C^\infty$ section given by the
Hermitian structure on the theta bundle constructed by Quillen. We prove that
these two $T^*{\mathcal N}$--torsors are isomorphic by a canonical holomorphic
map. This holomorphic isomorphism interchanges the above two $C^\infty$
sections.


  In this paper we develop algorithms for orthogonal similarity transformations
of skew-symmetric matrices to simpler forms. The first algorithm is similar to
the algorithm for the block antitriangular factorization of symmetric matrices,
but in the case of skew-symmetric matrices, an antitriangular form is always
obtained. Moreover, a simple two-sided permutation of the antitriangular form
transforms the matrix into a multi-arrowhead matrix. In addition, we show that
the block antitriangular form of the skew-Hermitian matrices has the same
structure as the block antitriangular form of the symmetric matrices.


  This paper tackles the problem of the semantic gap between a document and a
query within an ad-hoc information retrieval task. In this context, knowledge
bases (KBs) have already been acknowledged as valuable means since they allow
the representation of explicit relations between entities. However, they do not
necessarily represent implicit relations that could be hidden in a corpora.
This latter issue is tackled by recent works dealing with deep representation
learn ing of texts. With this in mind, we argue that embedding KBs within deep
neural architectures supporting documentquery matching would give rise to
fine-grained latent representations of both words and their semantic relations.
In this paper, we review the main approaches of neural-based document ranking
as well as those approaches for latent representation of entities and relations
via KBs. We then propose some avenues to incorporate KBs in deep neural
approaches for document ranking. More particularly, this paper advocates that
KBs can be used either to support enhanced latent representations of queries
and documents based on both distributional and relational semantics or to serve
as a semantic translator between their latent distributional representations.


  Adhesion interactions mediated by multiple bond types are relevant for many
biological and soft matter systems, including the adhesion of biological cells
and functionalized colloidal particles to various substrates. To elucidate
advantages and disadvantages of multiple bond populations for the stability of
heterogeneous adhesion clusters of receptor-ligand pairs, a theoretical model
for a homogeneous parallel adhesion bond cluster under constant loading is
extended to several bond types. The stability of the entire cluster can be
tuned by changing densities of different bond populations as well as their
extensional rigidity and binding properties. In particular, bond extensional
rigidities determine the distribution of total load to be shared between
different sub-populations. Under a gradual increase of the total load, the
rupture of a heterogeneous adhesion cluster can be thought of as a multistep
discrete process, in which one of the bond sub-populations ruptures first,
followed by similar rupture steps of other sub-populations or by immediate
detachment of the remaining cluster. This rupture behavior is qualitatively
independent of involved bond types, such as slip and catch bonds.
Interestingly, an optimal stability is generally achieved when the total
cluster load is shared such that loads on distinct bond populations are equal
to their individual critical rupture forces. We also show that cluster
heterogeneity can drastically affect cluster lifetime.


  We describe a theoretically-motivated algorithm for extrapolation of antenna
radiation patterns from a small number of measurements. This algorithm exploits
constraints on the antenna's underlying design to avoid ambiguities, but is
sufficiently general to address many different antenna types. A theoretical
basis for the robustness of this algorithm is developed, and its performance is
verified in simulation using a number of popular antenna designs.


  The Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
represents an unprecedented crisis for our planet. It is a bane of the \"uber
connected world that we live in that this virus has affected almost all
countries and caused mortality and economic upheaval at a scale whose effects
are going to be felt for generations to come. While we can all be buoyed at the
pace at which vaccines have been developed and brought to market, there are
still challenges ahead for all countries to get their populations vaccinated
equitably and effectively. This paper provides an overview of ongoing
immunization efforts in various countries. In this early draft, we have
identified a few key factors that we use to review different countries' current
COVID-19 immunization strategies and their strengths and draw conclusions so
that policymakers worldwide can learn from them. Our paper focuses on processes
related to vaccine approval, allocation and prioritization, distribution
strategies, population to vaccine ratio, vaccination governance, accessibility
and use of digital solutions, and government policies. The statistics and
numbers are dated as per the draft date [June 24th, 2021].


  Credit risk prediction is an effective way of evaluating whether a potential
borrower will repay a loan, particularly in peer-to-peer lending where class
imbalance problems are prevalent. However, few credit risk prediction models
for social lending consider imbalanced data and, further, the best resampling
technique to use with imbalanced data is still controversial. In an attempt to
address these problems, this paper presents an empirical comparison of various
combinations of classifiers and resampling techniques within a novel risk
assessment methodology that incorporates imbalanced data. The credit
predictions from each combination are evaluated with a G-mean measure to avoid
bias towards the majority class, which has not been considered in similar
studies. The results reveal that combining random forest and random
under-sampling may be an effective strategy for calculating the credit risk
associated with loan applicants in social lending markets.


  The centre of our Galaxy hosts almost two hundreds of very young stars, a
subset of which is orbiting the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a
relatively thin disc-like structure. First analyses indicated a power-law
surface density profile of the disc, $\Sigma \propto R^\beta$ with $\beta =
-2$. Recently, however, speculations about this profile arose. In particular,
it now seems to be better described by a sort of broken power-law. By means of
both analytical arguments and numerical N-body modelling, we show that such a
broken power-law profile is a natural consequence of the two-body relaxation of
the disc which is, due to small relative velocities of stars on nearby
co-planar Keplerian orbits around the SMBH, effective enough to affect the
evolution of the disc on time-scales comparable to its estimated age. In the
inner, densest part of the disc, the profile becomes rather flat ($\beta ~ -1$)
while the outer parts keep imprints of the initial state. Our numerical models
show that the observed projected surface density profile of the young stellar
disc can result from two-body relaxation driven evolution of a disc with
initial single power-law profile with $-2 < \beta < -1.5$. In addition, we
suggest that two-body relaxation may have caused a significant radial migration
of the S-stars towards the central SMBH, thus playing an important role in
their formation scenario.


  Given a graph~$G$, the domination number, denoted by~$\gamma(G)$, is the
minimum cardinality of a dominating set in~$G$. Dual to the notion of
domination number is the packing number of a graph. A packing of~$G$ is a set
of vertices whose pairwise distance is at least three. The packing
number~$\rho(G)$ of~$G$ is the maximum cardinality of one such set.
Furthermore, the inequality~$\rho(G) \leq \gamma(G)$ is well-known. Henning et
al.\ conjectured that~$\gamma(G) \leq 2\rho(G)+1$ if~$G$ is subcubic. In this
paper, we progress towards this conjecture by showing that~${\gamma(G) \leq
\frac{120}{49}\rho(G)}$ if~$G$ is a bipartite cubic graph. We also show that
$\gamma(G) \leq 3\rho(G)$ if~$G$ is a maximal outerplanar graph, and
that~$\gamma(G) \leq 2\rho(G)$ if~$G$ is a biconvex graph. Moreover, in the
last case, we show that this upper bound is tight.


  Human pose estimation is a fundamental yet challenging task in computer
vision. Although deep learning techniques have made great progress in this
area, difficult scenarios (e.g., invisible keypoints, occlusions, complex
multi-person scenarios, and abnormal poses) are still not well-handled. To
alleviate these issues, we propose a novel Spatial Preserve and Content-aware
Network(SPCNet), which includes two effective modules: Dilated Hourglass
Module(DHM) and Selective Information Module(SIM). By using the Dilated
Hourglass Module, we can preserve the spatial resolution along with large
receptive field. Similar to Hourglass Network, we stack the DHMs to get the
multi-stage and multi-scale information. Then, a Selective Information Module
is designed to select relatively important features from different levels under
a sufficient consideration of spatial content-aware mechanism and thus
considerably improves the performance. Extensive experiments on MPII, LSP and
FLIC human pose estimation benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our
network. In particular, we exceed previous methods and achieve the
state-of-the-art performance on three aforementioned benchmark datasets.


  We prove a dimension distortion estimate for mappings of sub-exponentially
integrable distortion in Euclidean spaces, which is essentially sharp in the
plane.


  We study N=2 Liouville theory with arbitrary central charge in the presence
of boundaries. After reviewing the theory on the sphere and deriving some
important structure constants, we investigate the boundary states of the theory
from two approaches, one using the modular transformation property of annulus
amplitudes and the other using the bootstrap of disc two-point functions
containing degenerate bulk operators. The boundary interactions describing the
boundary states are also proposed, based on which the precise correspondence
between boundary states and boundary interactions is obtained. The open string
spectrum between D-branes is studied from the modular bootstrap approach and
also from the reflection relation of boundary operators, providing a
consistency check for the proposal.


  Low-mass galaxies in nearby clusters are the most numerous galaxy type in the
universe, yet their origin and properties remain largely unknown. To study
basic questions concerning these galaxies we present the results of a survey
designed to constrain the characteristics and properties of the stellar
populations in a magnitude complete sample of low-mass cluster galaxies (LMCGs)
in the center of the Perseus cluster. Using deep, high-quality WIYN UBR images,
we demonstrate that the 53 LMCGs in our sample have a significant scatter about
the color-magnitude relationship at M_B > -15. By comparing single-burst
stellar population models to our photometry, we argue that stellar populations
in LMCGs all have ages > 1 Gyrs, with redder LMCGs having stellar metallicities
[Fe/H] > -0.5. By assuming that the colors of LMCGs reflect metallicity, and
have co-evolved with the giant ellipticals, we find a wide range of values,
from solar to [Fe/H] ~ -3. We argue from this that LMCGs have multiple origins,
and fundamentally differ from Local Group dwarf spheroidals/ellipticals. The
inferred lower metallicities of the bluer LMCGs implies that these are possibly
primordial galaxies formed through self enrichment and stellar feedback
provided by winds from supernova. We also investigate several other formation
scenarios for these LMCGS, including: self enrichment induced by the
confinement of metals in halos by the intracluster medium, in situ formation
out of intracluster gas, systems with extreme dark halos, and as remnants of
higher mass systems. We conclude that roughly half of all low-mass cluster
galaxies have stellar populations and kinematic properties, discussed in
previous papers in this series, consistent with being the remnants of stripped
galaxies accreted into clusters a few Gyrs ago.


  Automated Essay scoring has been explored as a research and industry problem
for over 50 years. It has drawn a lot of attention from the NLP community
because of its clear educational value as a research area that can engender the
creation of valuable time-saving tools for educators around the world. Yet,
these tools are generally focused on detecting good grammar, spelling mistakes,
and organization quality but tend to fail at incorporating persuasiveness
features in their final assessment. The responsibility to give actionable
feedback to the student to improve the strength of their arguments is left
solely on the teacher's shoulders. In this work, we present a transformer-based
architecture capable of achieving above-human accuracy in annotating
argumentative writing discourse elements for their persuasiveness quality and
we expand on planned future work investigating the explainability of our model
so that actionable feedback can be offered to the student and thus potentially
enable a partnership between the teacher's advice and the machine's advice.


  In this review article we discuss selected developments regarding the role of
the equation of state (EOS) in simulations of core-collapse supernovae. There
are no first-principle calculations of the state of matter under supernova
conditions since a wide range of conditions is covered, in terms of density,
temperature and isospin asymmetry. Instead, model EOS are commonly employed in
supernova studies. These can be divided into regimes with intrinsically
different degrees of freedom: heavy nuclei at low temperatures, inhomogeneous
nuclear matter where light and heavy nuclei coexist together with unbound
nucleons, and the transition to homogeneous matter at high densities and
temperatures. In this article we discuss each of these phases with particular
view on their role in supernova simulations.


  A method of measuring the thickness of steel plates using through
transmission of an acoustic pulse is demonstrated. This study has been done on
a stainless steel plate with regions of thickness 10:0 mm, 9:8 mm, and 9:6 mm,
using broadband pulses with energy in 200 kHz to 600 kHz band. Ultimately the
goal is to perform similar air-coupled thickness measurements in a single sided
pitch-catch measurement setup.
  The spectra of the transmitted pulses show the first and second harmonics of
the compressional waves in the plate. When compared to a plane wave model of a
fluid layer embedded in air, the second harmonic of the plate resonance fits
well with the expected value. However, the first harmonic deviates such that
the plate appears thicker at this resonance. This is believed to be caused by
the finite aperture of the transmitting transducer, causing deviations from a
plane wave. Thickness differences of 0:2 mm between the different regions of
the plate were shown to be resolved.
  A third peak was found in the spectra. The origin of this peaks has not been
verified, but is believed to come from the third harmonic of the shear wave in
the steel plate.


  We study the gravitational collapse of a dust dark matter star in a
$\Lambda$-background. We consider two distinct cases: First we do not have a
dark matter and dark energy coupling; second, we consider that $\Lambda $ decay
in dark particles. The approach adopted assumes a modified matter expansion
rate and we have formation of a black hole, since that, we have the formation
of an apparent horizon. A brief comparison of the process of the matter
condensation using the gravitational collapse approach and the linear scalar
perturbation theory is considered.


  The buildup and release of a sense of tension is one of the most essential
aspects of the process of listening to music. A veridical computational model
of perceived musical tension would be an important ingredient for many music
informatics applications. The present paper presents a new approach to
modelling harmonic tension based on a distributed representation of chords. The
starting hypothesis is that harmonic tension as perceived by human listeners is
related, among other things, to the expectedness of harmonic units (chords) in
their local harmonic context. We train a word2vec-type neural network to learn
a vector space that captures contextual similarity and expectedness, and define
a quantitative measure of harmonic tension on top of this. To assess the
veridicality of the model, we compare its outputs on a number of well-defined
chord classes and cadential contexts to results from pertinent empirical
studies in music psychology. Statistical analysis shows that the model's
predictions conform very well with empirical evidence obtained from human
listeners.


  The transformer extends its success from the language to the vision domain.
Because of the stacked self-attention and cross-attention blocks, the
acceleration deployment of vision transformer on GPU hardware is challenging
and also rarely studied. This paper thoroughly designs a compression scheme to
maximally utilize the GPU-friendly 2:4 fine-grained structured sparsity and
quantization. Specially, an original large model with dense weight parameters
is first pruned into a sparse one by 2:4 structured pruning, which considers
the GPU's acceleration of 2:4 structured sparse pattern with FP16 data type,
then the floating-point sparse model is further quantized into a fixed-point
one by sparse-distillation-aware quantization aware training, which considers
GPU can provide an extra speedup of 2:4 sparse calculation with integer
tensors. A mixed-strategy knowledge distillation is used during the pruning and
quantization process. The proposed compression scheme is flexible to support
supervised and unsupervised learning styles. Experiment results show GPUSQ-ViT
scheme achieves state-of-the-art compression by reducing vision transformer
models 6.4-12.7 times on model size and 30.3-62 times on FLOPs with negligible
accuracy degradation on ImageNet classification, COCO detection and ADE20K
segmentation benchmarking tasks. Moreover, GPUSQ-ViT can boost actual
deployment performance by 1.39-1.79 times and 3.22-3.43 times of latency and
throughput on A100 GPU, and 1.57-1.69 times and 2.11-2.51 times improvement of
latency and throughput on AGX Orin.


  This work is motivated by Radulescu's result on the comparison of C*-tensor
norms on C*(F_n) x C*(F_n). For unital C*-algebras A and B, there are natural
inclusions of A and B into their unital free product, their maximal tensor
product and their minimal tensor product. These inclusions define three
operator system structures on the internal sum A+B, the first of which we
identify as the coproduct of A and B in the category of operator systems.
Partly using ideas from quantum entanglement theory, we prove various
interrelations between these three operator systems. As an application, the
present results yield a significant improvement over Radulescu's bound on
C*(F_n) x C*(F_n). At the same time, this tight comparison is so general that
it cannot be regarded as evidence for a positive answer to the QWEP conjecture.


  A recent breakthrough by K\"unnemann, Mazowiecki, Sch\"utze, Sinclair-Banks,
and Wegrzycki (ICALP, 2023) bounds the running time for the coverability
problem in $d$-dimensional vector addition systems under unary encoding to
$n^{2^{O(d)}}$, improving on Rackoff's $n^{2^{O(d\lg d)}}$ upper bound (Theor.
Comput. Sci., 1978), and provides conditional matching lower bounds.
  In this paper, we revisit Lazi\'c and Schmitz' "ideal view" of the backward
coverability algorithm (Inform. Comput., 2021) in the light of this
breakthrough. We show that the controlled strongly monotone descending chains
of downwards-closed sets over $\mathbb{N}^d$ that arise from the dual backward
coverability algorithm of Lazi\'c and Schmitz on $d$-dimensional unary vector
addition systems also enjoy this tight $n^{2^{O(d)}}$ upper bound on their
length, and that this also translates into the same bound on the running time
of the backward coverability algorithm.
  Furthermore, our analysis takes place in a more general setting than that of
Lazi\'c and Schmitz, which allows to show the same results and improve on the
2EXPSPACE upper bound derived by Benedikt, Duff, Sharad, and Worrell (LICS,
2017) for the coverability problem in invertible affine nets.


  We formulate and prove a generalization of Zariski-van Kampen theorem on the
topological fundamental groups of smooth complex algebraic varieties. As an
application, we prove a hyperplane section theorem of Lefschetz-Zariski-van
Kampen type for the fundamental groups of the complements to the Grassmannian
dual varieties.


  Colombeau's generalized functions are used to adapt the distributional
approach to singular hypersurfaces in general relativity with signature change.
Equations governing the dynamics of singular hypersurface is obtained and it is
shown that matching leads to de Sitter space for the Lorentzian region. The
matching is possible for different sections of the de Sitter hyperboloid. A
relation between the radius of $S^4$, as the Euclidean manifold, and the
cosmological constant leading to inflation after signature change is obtained.


  Copious production of very energetic jets is expected at the LHC due to the
large increase in collision energy. Jet reconstruction at these high center of
mass energies will provide crucial leverage to map out the QCD evolution of
parton energy loss and a unique insight into the nature of the hot QCD matter.
This article presents jet reconstruction techniques and the preliminary jet
results in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV collected by the CMS experiment
at the LHC. Jet reconstruction prospects for the heavy ion collisions are also
discussed.


  Let $G$ be an algebraic group of type $G_2$ over a field $k$ of
characteristic $\neq 2,3$. In this paper we calculate centralizers of
semisimple elements in anisotropic $G_2$. Using these, we show explicitly that
there are six conjugacy classes of centralizers in the compact real form of
$G_2$.


  A direct measurement of the expansion of W 3(OH) is made by comparing Very
Large Array images taken about 10 yr apart. The expansion is anisotropic with a
typical speed of 3 to 5 km/s, indicating a dynamical age of only 2300 yr. These
observations are inconsistent with either the freely expanding shell model or a
simple bow shock model. The most favored model is a slowly expanding shell-like
HII region, with either a fast rarefied flow or another less massive diffuse
ionized region moving towards the observer. There is also a rapidly evolving
source near the projected center of emission, perhaps related to the central
star.


  We critically examine recently published results on the thermal production of
massive vector bosons in a quark-gluon plasma. We claim the production rate is
a collinear safe observable.


  Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become one of the main research topics
in computer science in recent years, primarily owing to the significant
challenges imposed by these networks and their immense applicability. WSNs have
been employed for a diverse group of monitoring applications, with emphasis on
industrial control scenarios, traffic management, rescue operations, public
safety, residential automation, weather forecasting, and several other fields.
These networks constitute resource-constrained sensors for which security and
energy efficiency are essential concerns. In this context, many research
efforts have been focused on increasing the security levels and reducing the
energy consumption in the network. This paper provides a state-of-the-art
survey of recent works in this direction, proposing a new taxonomy for the
security attacks and requirements of WSNs.


  We provide a new construction of the modes of the Poincare dodecahedral space
S^3/I*. The construction uses the Hopf map, Maxwell's multipole vectors and
orbifolds. In particular, the *235-orbifold serves as a parameter space for the
modes of S^3/I* shedding new light on the geometrical significance of the
dimension of each space of $k$-modes, as well as on the modes themselves.


  Finite dynamical systems (e.g. Boolean networks and logical models) have been
used in modeling biological systems to focus attention on the qualitative
features of the system, such as the wiring diagram. Since the analysis of such
systems is hard, it is necessary to focus on subclasses that have the
properties of being general enough for modeling and simple enough for
theoretical analysis. In this paper we propose the class of AND-NOT networks
for modeling biological systems and show that it provides several advantages.
Some of the advantages include: Any finite dynamical system can be written as
an AND-NOT network with similar dynamical properties. There is a one-to-one
correspondence between AND-NOT networks, their wiring diagrams, and their
dynamics. Results about AND-NOT networks can be stated at the wiring diagram
level without losing any information. Results about AND-NOT networks are
applicable to any Boolean network. We apply our results to a Boolean model of
Th-cell differentiation.


  A large number of cosmological parameters have been suggested for obtaining
information on the nature of dark energy. In this work, we study the efficacy
of these different parameters in discriminating theoretical models of dark
energy, using both currently available supernova (SNe) data, and simulations of
future observations. We find that the current data does not put strong
constraints on the nature of dark energy, irrespective of the cosmological
parameter used. For future data, we find that the although deceleration
parameter can accurately reconstruct some dark energy models, it is unable to
discriminate between different models of dark energy, therefore limiting its
usefulness. Physical parameters such as the equation of state of dark energy,
or the dark energy density do a good job of both reconstruction and
discrimination if the matter density is known to high accuracy. However,
uncertainty in matter density reduces the efficacy of these parameters. A
recently proposed parameter, Om(z), constructed from the first derivative of
the SNe data, works very well in discriminating different theoretical models of
dark energy, and has the added advantage of not being dependent on the value of
matter density. Thus we find that a cosmological parameter constructed from the
first derivative of the data, for which the theoretical models of dark energy
are sufficiently distant from each other, and which is independent of the
matter density, performs the best in reconstructing dark energy from SNe data.


  We report the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the temperature-induced
phase transitions in Fe1.08Te in the pressure range 0-3 GPa using synchrotron
powder x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal a plethora of phase
transitions. At ambient pressure, Fe1.08Te undergoes simultaneous first-order
structural symmetry-breaking and magnetic phase transitions, namely from the
paramagnetic tetragonal (P4/nmm) to the antiferromagnetic monoclinic (P2_1/m)
phase. We show that, at a pressure of 1.33 GPa, the low temperature structure
adopts an orthorhombic symmetry. More importantly, for pressures of 2.29 GPa
and higher, a symmetry-conserving tetragonal-tetragonal phase transition has
been identified from a change in the c/a ratio of the lattice parameters. The
succession of different pressure and temperature-induced structural and
magnetic phases indicates the presence of strong magneto-elastic coupling
effects in this material.


  This resource paper addresses the challenge of evaluating Information
Retrieval (IR) systems in the era of autoregressive Large Language Models
(LLMs). Traditional methods relying on passage-level judgments are no longer
effective due to the diversity of responses generated by LLM-based systems. We
provide a workbench to explore several alternative evaluation approaches to
judge the relevance of a system's response that incorporate LLMs: 1. Asking an
LLM whether the response is relevant; 2. Asking the LLM which set of nuggets
(i.e., relevant key facts) is covered in the response; 3. Asking the LLM to
answer a set of exam questions with the response.
  This workbench aims to facilitate the development of new, reusable test
collections. Researchers can manually refine sets of nuggets and exam
questions, observing their impact on system evaluation and leaderboard
rankings.
  Resource available at https://github.com/TREMA-UNH/autograding-workbench


  We study the distribution of type IIB flux vacua in the moduli space near
various singular loci, e.g. conifolds, ADE singularities on P1, Argyres-Douglas
point etc, using the Ashok- Douglas density det(R + omega). We find that the
vacuum density is integrable around each of them, irrespective of the type of
the singularities. We study in detail an explicit example of an Argyres-Douglas
point embedded in a compact Calabi-Yau manifold.


  Developing an application with some tables must concern the validation of
input (specially in Table Child). In order to maximize the accuracy and data
input validation. Its called lookup (took data from other dataset). There are
two ways to look up data from Table Parent: 1) Using Objects (DBLookupComboBox
and DBookupListBox), or 2) Arranging the properties of data types fields (shown
by using DBGrid). In this article is using Borland Delphi software (Inprise
product). The method is offered using 5 (five) practise steps: 1) Relational
Database Scheme, 2) Form Design, 3) Object DatabasesRelationships Scheme, 4)
Properties and Field Type Arrangement, and 5) Procedures. The result of this
paper are: 1) The relationship that using lookup objects are valid, and 2)
Delphi Lookup Objects can be used for 1-1, 1-N, and M-N relationship.


  Concentration of the strongest transitions on the high-energy side of some
emission, photoexcitation and Auger spectra of atoms is related with the
existence of the additional selection rule for the number of vacancy-electron
pairs.


  Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ and let $\mathcal{L} \subset \Omega$ be a
one-dimensional set with finite length $L =|\mathcal{L}|$. We are interested in
minimizers of an energy functional that measures the size of a set projected
onto itself in all directions: we are thus asking for sets that see themselves
as little as possible (suitably interpreted). Obvious minimizers of the
functional are subsets of a straight line but this is only possible for $L \leq
\mbox{diam}(\Omega)$. The problem has an equivalent formulation: the expected
number of intersections between a random line and $\mathcal{L}$ depends only on
the length of $\mathcal{L}$ (Crofton's formula). We are interested in sets
$\mathcal{L}$ that minimize the variance of the expected number of
intersections. We solve the problem for convex $\Omega$ and slightly less than
half of all values of $L$: there, a minimizing set is the union of copies of
the boundary and a line segment.


  CP-violation in $\Delta A_{\textrm {CP}} = -0.154(29)$, in the $D^0 \to
\pi^+\pi^-/K^+K^-$ system, is established and its central value is one order of
magnitude above the naive Standard Model (SM) estimate. It remains unclear
whether this is due to currently incalculable strong interaction matrix
elements or genuine new physics (NP) such as a shift in ${\cal O}_8$ with a
weak phase. We show that the interference of the long-distance (LD) terms with
the ${\cal O}_8$ matrix element can give rise to $A_{\text{CP}}^{D \to V
\gamma} = \textrm{few} \cdot 10^{-3}$ (for reference values
${\textrm{Im}}[C_8^{NP}] \approx 10^{-3}$). In addition, it is pointed out that
the ratio of left- to right-handed (photon polarisation) LD amplitudes is
measurable in time-dependent CP (TDCP) asymmetries. We argue that both theory
and experimental consideration favour weak annihilation (WA) as the dominant LD
contribution. More definite progress could be achieved by either computing the
radiative corrections to WA or the measurement of the charged modes
$D^+_{(d,s)} \to (\rho,K^{*})^+ \gamma$ and $D_s \to \rho^+ \gamma$.


  Nowadays, static, mobile, terrestrial, and airborne laser scanning
technologies have become familiar data sources for engineering work, especially
in the area of land surveying. The diversity of Light Detection and Ranging
(LiDAR) data applications thanks to the accuracy and the high point density in
addition to the 3D data processing high speed allow laser scanning to occupy an
advanced position among other spatial data acquisition technologies. Moreover,
the unmanned aerial vehicle drives the airborne scanning progress by solving
the flying complexity issues. However, before the employment of the laser
scanning technique, it is unavoidable to assess the accuracy of the scanner
being used under different circumstances. The key to success is determined by
the correct selection of suitable scanning tools for the project. In this
paper, the terrestrial LiDAR data is tested and used for several laser scanning
projects having diverse goals and typology, e.g., road deformation monitoring,
building facade modelling, road modelling, and stockpile modelling and volume
measuring. The accuracy of direct measurement on the LiDAR point cloud is
estimated as 4mm which may open the door widely for LiDAR data to play an
essential role in survey work applications.


  CAT-SD (CATegorization by Similarity-Dissimilarity) is a recently developed
method for handling nominal classification problems in the context of Multiple
Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA). This paper describes the design and
implementation of this method, as well as an application dealing with a
recruitment process in the Special Forces of the Portuguese Army. In addition,
it proposes interaction protocols to elicit the preference parameters of the
method to facilitate the construction of a decision model when the analyst
guides the decision maker. CAT-SD has been implemented in DecSpace, a
user-friendly on-line platform for supporting decision aiding processes using
one or more MCDA methods. The study related to the Portuguese Army Special
Forces recruitment presents and demonstrates how these protocols and a tool
like DecSpace can facilitate the process of applying the method in real-world
scenarios.


  We use the Millennium Simulation series to investigate the mass and redshift
dependence of the concentration of equilibrium cold dark matter (CDM) halos. We
extend earlier work on the relation between halo mass profiles and assembly
histories to show how the latter may be used to predict concentrations for
halos of all masses and at any redshift. Our results clarify the link between
concentration and the ``collapse redshift'' of a halo as well as why
concentration depends on mass and redshift solely through the dimensionless
``peak height'' mass parameter, $\nu(M,z)=\delta_{\rm crit}(z)/\sigma(M,z)$. We
combine these results with analytic mass accretion histories to extrapolate the
$c(M,z)$ relations to mass regimes difficult to reach through direct
simulation. Our model predicts that, at given $z$, $c(M)$ should deviate
systematically from a simple power law at high masses, where concentrations
approach a constant value, and at low masses, where concentrations are
substantially lower than expected from extrapolating published empirical fits.
This correction may reduce the expected self-annihilation boost factor from
substructure by about one order of magnitude. The model also reproduces the
$c(M,z)$ dependence on cosmological parameters reported in earlier work, and
thus provides a simple and robust account of the relation between cosmology and
the mass-concentration-redshift relation of CDM halos.


  We present CO(J=1-0) observations in the direction of the Soft Gamma Repeater
SGR 1806-20 with the SEST telescope. We detected several molecular clouds, and
we discuss in this paper the implications of these observations for the
distance to the X-ray counterpart AX 1805.7-2025, the supernova remnant
G10.0-0.3 and the very luminous O9-B2 star detected in the line of sight. The
distance of SGR 1806-20 is estimated to be 14.5 +/- 1.4 kpc and this Soft Gamma
Repeater is very likely associated with one of the brightest HII regions in the
Galaxy, W31. The large size of G10.0-0.3 (25 x 38 pc) for a young supernova
remnant possibly powered by a central pulsar (AX 1805.7-2025) indicates that
G10.0-0.3 could be expanding in the very low density region produced by the
wind of the blue star.


  A two-dimensional layer of oxide reveals itself as a essential element to
drive the photocatalytic activity in a nanostructured hybrid material, which
combines high-quality epitaxial graphene and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. In
particular, it has been revealed that the addition of a 2D Ti oxide layer
sandwiched between graphene and metal induces a p-doping of graphene and a
consistent shift in the Ti d states. These modifications induced by the
interfacial oxide layer induce a reduction of the probability of charge carrier
recombination and enhance the photocatalytic activity of the heterostructure.
This is indicative of a capital role played by thin oxide films in fine-tuning
the properties of heterostructures based on graphene and pave the way to new
combinations of graphene/oxides for photocatalysis-oriented applications.


  We discuss boosts in a deformed Minkowski space, i.e. a four-dimensional
space-time with metric coefficients depending on non-metric coordinates (in
particular on the energy). The general form of a boost in an arbitrary
direction is derived in the case of space anisotropy. Two maximal 3-vector
velocities are mathematically possible, an isotropic and an anisotropic one.
However, only the anisotropic velocity has physical meaning, being invariant
indeed under deformed boosts.