  (Abridged) Numerical simulation of strange quark stars (QSs) is challenging
due to the strong density discontinuity at the stellar surface. In this paper,
we report successful simulations of rapidly rotating QSs and study their
oscillation modes in full general relativity. Building on top of the numerical
relativity code \texttt{Einstein Toolkit}, we implement a positivity-preserving
Riemann solver and a dust-like atmosphere to handle the density discontinuity
at the surface. We demonstrate the robustness of our numerical method by
performing stable evolutions of rotating QSs close to the Keplerian limit and
extracting their oscillation modes. We focus on the quadrupolar $l=|m|=2$
$f$-mode and study whether they can still satisfy the universal relations
recently proposed for rotating neutron stars (NSs). We find that two of the
three proposed relations can still be satisfied by rotating QSs. For the
remaining broken relation, we propose a new relation to unify the NS and QS
data by invoking the dimensionless spin parameter $j$. The onsets of secular
instabilities for rotating QSs are also studied by analyzing the $f$-mode
frequencies. Same as the result found previously for NSs, we find that QSs
become unstable to the Chandrasekhar-Friedman-Schutz instability when the
angular velocity of the star $\Omega \approx 3.4 \sigma_0$ for sequences of
constant central energy density, where $\sigma_0$ is the mode frequency of the
corresponding nonrotating configurations. For the viscosity-driven instability,
we find that QSs become unstable when $j\approx 0.881$ for both sequences of
constant central energy density and constant baryon mass. Such a high value of
$j$ cannot be achieved by realistic rotating NSs before reaching the Keplerian
limit.


  AT2019wey is a new galactic X-ray binary that was first discovered as an
optical transient by the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) on
December 7, 2019. AT2019wey consists of a black hole candidate as well as a
low-mass companion star ($M_{\text {star }} \lesssim 0.8 M_{\odot}$) and is
likely to have a short orbital period ($P_{\text {orb }} \lesssim 8$ h).
Although AT2019wey began activation in the X-ray band during almost the entire
outburst on March 8, 2020, it did not enter the soft state during the entire
outburst. In this study, we present a detailed spectral analysis of AT2019wey
in the low/hard state during its X-ray outburst on the basis of Nuclear
Spectroscopic Telescope Array \emph observations. We obtain tight constraints
on several of its important physical parameters by applying the State-of-art
\texttt{relxill} relativistic reflection model family. In particular, we
determine that the measured inner radius of the accretion disk is most likely
to have extended to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) radius, i.e.,
$R_{\text{in}}=1.38^{+0.23}_{-0.16}~R_{\text{ISCO}}$. Hence, assuming
$R_{\text{in}}$=$R_{\text{ISCO}}$, we find the spin of AT2019wey to be
$a_{*}\sim$ $0.97$, which is close to the extreme and an inner disk inclination
angle of ~$i\sim$ $22 ^{\circ}$. Additionally, according to our adopted models,
AT2019wey tends to have a relatively high iron abundance of
$A_{\mathrm{Fe}}\sim$ 5 $A_{\mathrm{Fe}, \odot}$ and a high disk ionization
state of $\log \xi\sim$ 3.4.


  This paper investigates the historical origin and ancestors of typicality,
which is now a central concept in Boltzmannian Statistical Mechanics and
Bohmian Mechanics. Although Ludwig Boltzmann did not use the word typicality,
its main idea, namely, that something happens almost always or is valid for
almost all cases, plays a crucial role for his explanation of how thermodynamic
systems approach equilibrium. At the beginning of the 20th century, the focus
on almost always or almost everywhere was fruitful for developing measure
theory and probability theory. It was apparently Hugh Everett III who first
mentioned typicality in physics in 1957 while searching for a justification of
the Born rule in his interpretation of quantum mechanics. The historically
closest concept before these developments is moral certainty, which was
invented by the medieval French theologian Jean Gerson, and it became a
standard concept at least until the Age of Enlightenment, when Jakob Bernoulli
proved the Law of Large numbers.


  It has been shown that the data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) does not
rule out a chiral sequential fourth generation of fermions that obtain their
masses through an identical mechanism as the other three generations do.
However, this is possible only if the scalar sector of the Standard Model is
suitably enhanced, like embedding it in a type-II two-Higgs doublet model. In
this article, we try to show that double Higgs production (DHP) can unveil the
existence of such a hidden fourth generation in a very efficient way. While the
DHP cross-section in the SM is quite small, it is significantly enhanced with a
fourth generation. We perform a detailed analysis of the dependence of the DHP
cross-section on the model parameters, and show that either a positive signal
of DHP is seen in the early next run of the LHC, or the model is ruled out.


  Knowledge distillation (KD) has received much attention due to its success in
compressing networks to allow for their deployment in resource-constrained
systems. While the problem of adversarial robustness has been studied before in
the KD setting, previous works overlook what we term the relative calibration
of the student network with respect to its teacher in terms of soft
confidences. In particular, we focus on two crucial questions with regard to a
teacher-student pair: (i) do the teacher and student disagree at points close
to correctly classified dataset examples, and (ii) is the distilled student as
confident as the teacher around dataset examples? These are critical questions
when considering the deployment of a smaller student network trained from a
robust teacher within a safety-critical setting. To address these questions, we
introduce a faithful imitation framework to discuss the relative calibration of
confidences and provide empirical and certified methods to evaluate the
relative calibration of a student w.r.t. its teacher. Further, to verifiably
align the relative calibration incentives of the student to those of its
teacher, we introduce faithful distillation. Our experiments on the MNIST,
Fashion-MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets demonstrate the need for such an analysis
and the advantages of the increased verifiability of faithful distillation over
alternative adversarial distillation methods.


  The electrodissolution of p-type silicon in a fluoride-containing electrolyte
is a prominent electrochemical oscillator with a still unknown oscillation
mechanism. In this article, we present a study of its dynamical states
occurring in a wide range of the applied voltage - external resistance
parameter plane. We provide evidence that the system possesses inherent
birhythmicity, and thus at least two distinct feedback loops promoting
oscillatory behaviour. The two parameter regions in which the different limit
cycles exist are separated by a band in which the dynamics exhibit bistability
between two branches with different multimode oscillations. Following the
states along one path through this bistable region, one observes that each
branch undergoes a different transition to chaos, namely a period-doubling
cascade and a quasiperiodic route with a torus-breakdown, respectively, making
Si electrodissolution one of the few experimental systems exhibiting
bichaoticity.


  Numerical modeling has long suggested that gravitationally-bound (or
so-called rubble-pile) near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) can be destroyed by tidal
forces during close and slow encounters with terrestrial planets. However,
tidal disruptions of NEAs have never been directly observed nor have they been
directly attributed to any families of NEAs. Here we show population-level
evidence for the tidal disruption of NEAs during close encounters with the
Earth and Venus. Debiased model distributions of NEA orbits and absolute
magnitudes based on observations by the Catalina Sky Survey during 2005--2012
underpredict the number of NEAs with perihelion distances coinciding with the
semimajor axes of Venus and the Earth. A detailed analysis of the orbital
distributions of the excess NEAs shows that their characteristics agree with
the prediction for tidal disruptions, and they cannot be explained by
observational selection effects or orbital dynamics. Accounting for tidal
disruptions in evolutionary models of the NEA population partly bridges the gap
between the predicted rate of impacts by asteroids with diameters of tens of
meters and observed statistics of fireballs in the same size range.


  We provide sharp lower bounds for two versions of the Kirby-Thompson
invariants for knotted surfaces, one of which was originally defined by Blair,
Campisi, Taylor, and Tomova. The second version introduced in this paper
measures distances in the dual curve complex instead of the pants complex. We
compute the exact values of both KT-invariants for infinitely many knotted
surfaces with bridge number at most six.


  We study the two-dimensional version of a quartic self-interacting quantum
scalar field on a curved and noncommutative space (Snyder-de Sitter). We show
that the model is renormalizable at the one-loop level and compute the beta
functions of the related couplings. The renormalization group flow is then
studied numerically, arriving at the conclusion that noncommutative-curved
deformations can yield both relevant and irrelevant contributions to the
one-loop effective action.


  The field of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) often emphasizes
its popularity for optimization problems with conflicting objectives. However,
it is still theoretically unknown how MOEAs perform for different degrees of
conflict, even for no conflicts, compared with typical approaches outside this
field.
  As the first step to tackle this question, we propose the OneMaxMin$_k$
benchmark class with the degree of the conflict $k\in[0..n]$, a generalized
variant of COCZ and OneMinMax. Two typical non-MOEA approaches, scalarization
(weighted-sum approach) and $\epsilon$-constraint approach, are considered. We
prove that for any set of weights, the set of optima found by scalarization
approach cannot cover the full Pareto front. Although the set of the optima of
constrained problems constructed via $\epsilon$-constraint approach can cover
the full Pareto front, the general used ways (via exterior or nonparameter
penalty functions) to solve such constrained problems encountered difficulties.
The nonparameter penalty function way cannot construct the set of optima whose
function values are the Pareto front, and the exterior way helps (with expected
runtime of $O(n\ln n)$ for the randomized local search algorithm for reaching
any Pareto front point) but with careful settings of $\epsilon$ and $r$
($r>1/(\epsilon+1-\lceil \epsilon \rceil)$).
  In constrast, the generally analyzed MOEAs can efficiently solve
OneMaxMin$_k$ without above careful designs. We prove that (G)SEMO, MOEA/D,
NSGA-II, and SMS-EMOA can cover the full Pareto front in $O(\max\{k,1\}n\ln n)$
expected number of function evaluations, which is the same asymptotic runtime
as the exterior way in $\epsilon$-constraint approach with careful settings. As
a side result, our results also give the performance analysis of solving a
constrained problem via multiobjective way.


  We collaborate with a large teaching hospital in Shenzhen, China and build a
high-fidelity simulation model for its ultrasound center to predict key
performance metrics, including the distributions of queue length, waiting time
and sojourn time, with high accuracy. The key challenge to build an accurate
simulation model is to understanding the complicated patient routing at the
ultrasound center. To address the issue, we propose a novel two-level routing
component to the queueing network model. We apply machine learning tools to
calibrate the key components of the queueing model from data with enhanced
accuracy.


  The large time behavior of entropy solution to the compressible Euler
equations for polytropic gas (the pressure $p(\rho)=\kappa\rho^{\gamma},
\gamma>1$) with time dependent damping like $-\frac{1}{(1+t)^\lambda}\rho u$
($0<\lambda<1$) is investigated. By introducing an elaborate iterative method
and using the intensive entropy analysis, it is proved that the $L^\infty$
entropy solution of compressible Euler equations with finite initial mass
converges strongly in the natural $L^1$ topology to a fundamental solution of
porous media equation (PME) with time-dependent diffusion, called by
generalized Barenblatt solution. It is interesting that the $L^1$ decay rate is
getting faster and faster as $\lambda$ increases in $(0,
\frac{\gamma}{\gamma+2}]$, while is getting slower and slower in $[
\frac{\gamma}{\gamma+2}, 1)$.


  The field-induced Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition in the
ground state of the triangular antiferromagnetic Ising model is studied by the
level-spectroscopy method. We analyze dimensions of operators around the BKT
line, and estimate the BKT point $H_{\rm c}\simeq0.5229\pm0.001$, which is
followed by a level-consistency check to demonstrate the accuracy of our
estimate. Further we investigate the anisotropic case to clarify the stability
of the field-induced string-density plateau against an incommensurate liquid
state by the density-matrix renormalization-group method.


  Recently, many matching systems around the world have been reformed. These
reforms responded to objections that the matching mechanisms in use were unfair
and manipulable. Surprisingly, the mechanisms remained unfair even after the
reforms: the new mechanisms may induce an outcome with a blocking student who
desires and deserves a school which she did not receive. However, as we show in
this paper, the reforms introduced matching mechanisms which are more fair
compared to the counterfactuals. First, most of the reforms introduced
mechanisms that are more fair by stability: whenever the old mechanism does not
have a blocking student, the new mechanism does not have a blocking student
either. Second, some reforms introduced mechanisms that are more fair by
counting: the old mechanism always has at least as many blocking students as
the new mechanism. These findings give a novel rationale to the reforms and
complement the recent literature showing that the same reforms have introduced
less manipulable matching mechanisms. We further show that the fairness and
manipulability of the mechanisms are strongly logically related.


  In this study we investigate regular black hole solutions of the
non-minimally coupled $ Y(R)F^2 $ gravity model. We give two regular black hole
solutions and the corresponding non-minimal model for both electrically or
magnetically charged cases. We calculate all the energy conditions for these
solutions.


  The three-particle operator in a second quantized form is studied. The
operator is transformed into irreducible tensor form. Possible coupling
schemes, distinguished by the classes of symmetric group \mathrm{S_{6}}, are
presented. Recoupling coefficients, which allow one to transform given scheme
into another, are produced by using the angular momentum theory, combined with
quasispin formalism. The classification of three-particle operator, which acts
on n=1,2,...,6 open shells of equivalent electrons of atom, is considered. The
procedure to construct three-particle matrix elements are examined.


  We discuss several partial results towards proving Dennis White's conjecture
on the extreme rays of the $(N,2)$-Schur cone. We are interested in which
vectors are extreme in the cone generated by all products of Schur functions of
partitions with $k$ or fewer parts. For the case where $k =2$, White
conjectured that the extreme rays are obtained by excluding a certain family of
"bad pairs," and proved a special case of the conjecture using Farkas' Lemma.
We present an alternate proof of the special case, in addition to showing more
infinite families of extreme rays and reducing White's conjecture to two
simpler conjectures.


  It is shown that matroid theory may provide a natural mathematical framework
for a duality symmetries not only for quantum Yang-Mills physics, but also for
M-theory. Our discussion is focused in an action consisting purely of the
Chern-Simons term, but in principle the main ideas can be applied beyond such
an action. In our treatment the theorem due to Thistlethwaite, which gives a
relationship between the Tutte polynomial for graphs and Jones polynomial for
alternating knots and links, plays a central role. Before addressing this
question we briefly mention some important aspects of matroid theory and we
point out a connection between the Fano matroid and D=11 supergravity. Our
approach also seems to be related to loop solutions of quantum gravity based in
Ashtekar formalism.


  Using the $ku$- and $BP$-theoretic versions of Astey's cobordism obstruction
for the existence of smooth Euclidean embeddings of stably almost complex
manifolds, we prove that, for $e$ greater than or equal to $\alpha(n)$--the
number of ones in the dyadic expansion of $n$--, the ($2n+1$)-dimensional
$2^e$-torsion lens space cannot be embedded in Euclidean space of dimension
$4n-2\alpha(n)+1$. A slightly restricted version of this fact holds for
$e<\alpha(n)$. We also give an inductive construction of Euclidean embeddings
for $2^e$-torsion lens spaces. Some of our best embeddings are within one
dimension of being optimal.


  New NTT/SOFI imaging and spectroscopy of the Wolf-Rayet population in
Westerlund 1 are presented. Narrow-band near-IR imaging together with follow up
spectroscopy reveals four new WR stars, of which three were independently
identified recently by Groh et al., bringing the confirmed WR content to 24 (23
excluding source S) [..] A quantitative near-IR spectral classification scheme
for WR stars is presented and applied to members of Westerlund 1. Late subtypes
are dominant, with no subtypes earlier than WN5 or WC8 for the nitrogen and
carbon sequences, respectively. A qualitative inspection of the WN stars
suggests that most (75%) are highly H-deficient. The WR binary fraction is high
(>62%), on the basis of dust emission from WC stars, in addition to a
significant WN binary fraction from hard X-ray detections according to Clark et
al. We exploit the large WN population of Westerlund 1 to reassess its distance
(~5.0kpc) and extinction (A_Ks ~ 0.96 mag), such that it is located at the edge
of the Galactic bar, [..]. The observed ratio of WR stars to red and yellow
hypergiants, N(WR)/N(RSG+YHG)~3, favours an age of 4.5-5.0 Myr, with individual
WR stars descended from progenitors of initial mass ~ 40-55 Msun. Qualitative
estimates of current masses for non-dusty, H-free WR stars are presented,
revealing 10-18 Msun, such that ~75% of the initial stellar mass has been
removed via stellar winds or close binary evolution. We present a revision to
the cluster turn-off mass for other Milky Way clusters in which WR stars are
known, based upon the latest temperature calibration for OB stars. Finally,
comparisons between the observed WR population and subtype distribution in
Westerlund 1 and instantaneous burst evolutionary synthesis models are
presented.


  The non-equilibrium spin dynamics of a one-dimensional system of repulsively
interacting fermions is studied by means of density-matrix
renormalization-group simulations. We focus on the short-time decay of the
oscillation amplitudes of the centers of mass of spin-up and spin-down
fermions. Due to many-body effects, the decay is found to evolve from quadratic
to linear in time, and eventually back to quadratic as the strength of the
interaction increases. The characteristic rate of the decay increases linearly
with the strength of repulsion in the weak-coupling regime, while it is
inversely proportional to it in the strong-coupling regime. Our predictions can
be tested in experiments on tunable ultra-cold few-fermion systems in
one-dimensional traps.


  Many stars form in regions of enhanced stellar density, wherein the influence
of stellar neighbours can have a strong influence on a protoplanetary disc
(PPD) population. In particular, far ultraviolet (FUV) flux from massive stars
drives thermal winds from the outer edge of PPDs, accelerating disc
destruction. In this work, we present a novel technique for constraining the
dynamical history of a star forming environment using PPD properties in a
strongly FUV irradiated environment. Applying recent models for FUV induced
mass loss rates to the PPD population of Cygnus OB2, we constrain how long ago
primordial gas was expelled from the region; $ 0.5$ Myr ago if the Shakura &
Sunyaev $\alpha$-viscosity parameter is $\alpha = 10^{-2}$ (corresponding to a
viscous timescale of $\tau_\mathrm{visc} \approx 0.5$ Myr for a disc of scale
radius $40$ au around a $1\, M_\odot$ star). This value of $\alpha$ is
effectively an upper limit, since it assumes efficient extinction of FUV
photons throughout the embedded phase. With this gas expulsion timescale we are
able to produce a full dynamical model that fits kinematic and morphological
data as well as disc fractions. We suggest Cygnus OB2 was originally composed
of distinct massive clumps or filaments, each with a stellar mass $\sim 10^4 \,
M_\odot$. Finally we predict that in regions of efficient FUV induced mass
loss, disc mass $M_\mathrm{disc}$ as a function of stellar host mass
$m_\mathrm{star}$ follows a power law with $M_\mathrm{disc} \propto
m_\mathrm{star}^\beta$, where $\beta \gtrsim 2.7$ (depending on disc initial
conditions and FUV exposure). This is steeper than observed correlations in
regions of moderate FUV flux ($1 < \beta <1.9$), and offers a promising
diagnostic to establish the influence of external photoevaporation in a given
region.


  We construct an explicit bijection between bipartite pointed maps of an
arbitrary surface $\mathbb{S}$, and specific unicellular blossoming maps of the
same surface. Our bijection gives access to the degrees of all the faces, and
distances from the pointed vertex in the initial map. The main construction
generalizes recent work of the second author which covered the case of an
orientable surface.
  Our bijection gives rise to a first combinatorial proof of a parametric
rationality result concerning the bivariate generating series of maps of a
given surface with respect to their numbers of faces and vertices. In
particular, it provides a combinatorial explanation of the structural
difference between the aforementioned bivariate parametric generating series in
the case of orientable and non-orientable maps.


  The direct photon radiation from a hot and slightly strong interacting
fireball system of a rich baryon quark-gluon plasma, using the Boltzmann
distribution function for the incoming particles and Bose-Einstein distribution
for gluon and Fermi-Dirac distribution for quark,antiquark and Boltzmann
distribution for gluon are discussed subsequently. The first two distribution
functions are chosen for the photon production of the first case and the last
two functions are considered for the second case of my photon production. The
thermal photon emission rate is found that it is infra-red divergent for the
massless quarks and this divergence in the quark mass is regulated using
different cut-off in the quark mass. However, I remove this divergence using
the technique of Braaten and Pisarski in the thermal mass of the system in my
model of calculation with a coupling parameter of QGP fireball. Thus, the
production rate of the thermal photon is found to be smoothly worked by this
cut-off technique of this model and the result is found to be increasing
function with the increase of the variation in the value of the chemical
potential $\mu $


  We study the spectrum of confining strings in SU(3) pure gauge theory, by
means of lattice Monte Carlo simulations, using torelon operators in different
representations of the gauge group. Our results provide direct evidence that
the string spectrum is according to predictions based on $n$-ality. Torelon
correlations in the rank-2 symmetric channel appear to be well reproduced by a
two-exponential picture, in which the lowest state is given by the fundamental
string $\sigma_1=\sigma$, the heavier string state is such that the ratio
$\sigma_2/\sigma_1$ is approximately given by the Casimir ratio $C_{\rm
sym}/C_{\rm f} = 5/2$, and the torelon has a much smaller overlap with the
lighter fundamental string state.


  We exploit the recent discovery of pulsations in mixed-atmosphere (He/H),
extremely low-mass white dwarf precursors (ELM proto-WDs) to test the
proposition that rotational mixing is a fundamental process in the formation
and evolution of low-mass helium core white dwarfs. Rotational mixing has been
shown to be a mechanism able to compete efficiently against gravitational
settling, thus accounting naturally for the presence of He, as well as traces
of metals such as Mg and Ca, typically found in the atmospheres of ELM
proto-WDs. Here we investigate whether rotational mixing can maintain a
sufficient amount of He in the deeper driving region of the star, such that it
can fuel, through HeII-HeIII ionization, the observed pulsations in this type
of stars. Using state-of-the-art evolutionary models computed with MESA, we
show that rotational mixing can indeed explain qualitatively the very existence
and general properties of the known pulsating, mixed-atmosphere ELM proto-WDs.
Moreover, such objects are very likely to pulsate again during their final WD
cooling phase.


  We consider optimal control of a stochastic network,where service is
controlled to prevent buffer overflow. We use a risk-sensitive escape time
criterion, which in comparison to the ordinary escape time criteria heavily
penalizes exits which occur on short time intervals. A limit as the buffer
sizes tend to infinity is considered. In [2] we showed that, for a large class
of networks, the limit of the normalized cost agrees with the value function of
a differential game. The game's value is characterized in [2] as the unique
solution to a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Partial Differential Equation (PDE). In
the current paper we apply this general theory to the important case of a
network of queues in tandem. Our main results are: (i) the construction of an
explicit solution to the corresponding PDE, and (ii) drawing out the
implications for optimal risk-sensitive and robust regulation of the network.
In particular, the following general principle can be extracted. To avoid
buffer overflow there is a natural competition between two tendencies. One may
choose to serve a particular queue, since that will help prevent its own buffer
from overflowing, or one may prefer to stop service, with the goal of
preventing overflow of buffers further down the line. The solution to the PDE
indicates the optimal choice between these two, specifying the parts of the
state space where each queue must be served (so as not to lose optimality), and
where it can idle.


  We propose an experimental scheme to simulate the transverse field Ising
model with cold atoms trapped in one-dimensional optical lattice. Majorana
fermions are created at the ends of the optical lattice segment in topological
phase. By controlling the addressing lasers, one can move, fuse and braid them.
We also show that the non-Abelian braiding statistics of Majorana fermions can
be demonstrated unambiguously through the construction of two braiding
operations and distinguishing the resulting two output orthogonal collective
spin states. A nice feature of the scheme is that the strong fluorescence
provided by the collective spin state can be readily detected in experiment.


  Various visions on the forthcoming sixth Generation (6G) networks point
towards flexible connect-and-compute technologies to support future innovative
services and the corresponding use cases. 6G should be capable to accommodate
ever-evolving and heterogeneous applications, future regulations, and diverse
user-, service-, and location-based requirements. A key element towards
building smart and energy sustainable wireless systems beyond 5G is the
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), which offers programmable control and
shaping of the wireless propagation environment.
  Capitalizing on this technology potential, in this article we introduce two
new concepts: i) wireless environment as a service, which leverages a novel
RIS-empowered networking paradigm to trade off diverse, and usually
conflicting, connectivity objectives; and ii) performance-boosted areas enabled
by RIS-based connectivity, representing competing service provisioning areas
that are highly spatially and temporally focused. We discuss the key
technological enablers and research challenges with the proposed networking
paradigm, and highlight the potential profound role of RISs in the recent Open
Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture.


  The study of control mechanisms of biological systems allows for interesting
applications in bioengineering and medicine, for instance in cell reprogramming
or drug target identification. A control strategy often consists of a set of
interventions that, by fixing the values of some components, ensure that the
long term dynamics of the controlled system is in a desired state. A common
approach to control in the Boolean framework consists in checking how the fixed
values propagate through the network, to establish whether the effect of
percolating the interventions is sufficient to induce the target state.
Although methods based uniquely on value percolation allow for efficient
computation, they can miss many control strategies. Exhaustive methods for
control strategy identification, on the other hand, often entail high
computational costs. In order to increase the number of control strategies
identified while still benefiting from an efficient implementation, we
introduce a method based on value percolation that uses trap spaces, subspaces
of the state space that are closed with respect to the dynamics, and that can
usually be easily computed in biological networks. The approach allows for node
interventions, which fix the value of certain components, and edge
interventions, which fix the effect that one component has on another. The
method is implemented using Answer Set Programming, extending an existing
efficient implementation of value percolation to allow for the use of trap
spaces and edge control. The applicability of the approach is studied for
different control targets in a biological case study, identifying in all cases
new control strategies that would escape usual percolation-based methods.


  The critical current and melting temperature of a vortex system are analyzed.
Calculations are made for a two dimensional film at finite temperature with two
kinds of periodic pinning: hexagonal and Kagom\'e. A transport current parallel
and perpendicular to the main axis of the pinning arrays is applied and
molecular dynamics simulations are used to calculate the vortex velocities to
obtain the critical currents. The structure factor and displacements of
vortices at zero transport current are used to obtain the melting temperature
for both pinning arrays. The critical currents are higher for the hexagonal
pinning lattice and anisotropic for both pinning arrays. This anisotropy is
stronger with temperature for the hexagonal array. For the Kagom\'e pinning
lattice, our analysis shows a multi stage phase melting; that is, as we
increase the temperature, each different dynamic phase melts before reaching
the melting temperature. Both the melting temperature and critical currents are
larger for the hexagonal lattice, indicating the role for the interstitial
vortices in decreasing the pinning strength.


  Using the language of differential forms, the Kaluza-Klein theory in 4+1
dimensions is derived. This theory unifies electromagnetic and gravitational
interactions in four dimensions when the extra space dimension is compactified.
Without any ad-hoc assumptions about the five-dimensional metric, the theory
also contains a scalar field coupled to the other fields. By a conformal
transformation the theory is transformed from the Jordan frame to the Einstein
frame where the physical content is more manifest. Including a cosmological
constant in the five-dimensional formulation, it is seen to result in an
exponential potential for the scalar field in four dimensions. A similar
potential is also found from the Casimir energy in the compact dimension. The
resulting scalar field dynamics mimics realistic models recently proposed for
cosmological quintessence.


  Predicated on the increasing abundance of electronic health records, we
investi- gate the problem of inferring individualized treatment effects using
observational data. Stemming from the potential outcomes model, we propose a
novel multi- task learning framework in which factual and counterfactual
outcomes are mod- eled as the outputs of a function in a vector-valued
reproducing kernel Hilbert space (vvRKHS). We develop a nonparametric Bayesian
method for learning the treatment effects using a multi-task Gaussian process
(GP) with a linear coregion- alization kernel as a prior over the vvRKHS. The
Bayesian approach allows us to compute individualized measures of confidence in
our estimates via pointwise credible intervals, which are crucial for realizing
the full potential of precision medicine. The impact of selection bias is
alleviated via a risk-based empirical Bayes method for adapting the multi-task
GP prior, which jointly minimizes the empirical error in factual outcomes and
the uncertainty in (unobserved) counter- factual outcomes. We conduct
experiments on observational datasets for an inter- ventional social program
applied to premature infants, and a left ventricular assist device applied to
cardiac patients wait-listed for a heart transplant. In both experi- ments, we
show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art.


  $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$-based semiconductor heterojunctions have recently
demonstrated improved performance at high voltages and elevated temperatures
and are thus promising for applications in power electronic devices and
harsh-environment sensors. However, the long-term reliability of these
ultra-wide band gap (UWBG) semiconductor devices remains barely addressed and
may be strongly influenced by chemical reactions at the p-n heterojunction
interface. Here, we experimentally demonstrate operation and evaluate the
reliability of Cr$_2$O$_3$:Mg/ $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ p-n heterojunction diodes at
during extended operation at 600$^\circ$C, as well as after 30 repeated cycles
between 25-550$^\circ$C. The calculated pO2-temperature phase stability diagram
of the Ga-Cr-O material system predicts that Ga$_2$O$_3$ and Cr$_2$O$_3$ should
remain thermodynamically stable in contact with each other over a wide range of
oxygen pressures and operating temperatures. The fabricated Cr$_2$O$_3$:Mg /
$\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ p-n heterojunction diodes show room-temperature on/off
ratios >10$^4$ at $\pm$5V and a breakdown voltage (V$_{Br}$) of -390V. The
leakage current increases with increasing temperature up to 600$^\circ$C, which
is attributed to Poole-Frenkel emission with a trap barrier height of 0.19 eV.
Over the course of a 140-hour thermal soak at 600$^\circ$C, both the device
turn-on voltage and on-state resistance increase from 1.08V and 5.34
m$\Omega$-cm$^2$ to 1.59V and 7.1 m$\Omega$-cm$^2$ respectively. This increase
is attributed to the accumulation of Mg and MgO at the Cr$_2$O$_3$/Ga$_2$O$_3$
interface as observed from TOF-SIMS analysis. These findings inform future
design strategies of UWBG semiconductor devices for harsh environment operation
and underscore the need for further reliability assessments for
$\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ based devices.


  We study the topological phase transitions induced in spin-orbit coupled
materials with buckling like silicene, germanene, stanene, etc, by circularly
polarised light, beyond the high frequency regime, and unearth many new
topological phases. These phases are characterised by the spin-resolved
topological invariants, $C_0^\uparrow$, $C_0^\downarrow$, $C_\pi^\uparrow$ and
$C_\pi^\downarrow$, which specify the spin-resolved edge states traversing the
gaps at zero quasi-energy and the Floquet zone boundaries respectively. We show
that for each phase boundary, and independently for each spin sector, the gap
closure in the Brillouin zone occurs at a high symmetry point.


  We propose that the X-ray emission detected by Chandra from the
100-kiloparsec-scale jet of PKS 0637-752 is produced through inverse Compton
scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). We analyze the physical
state of the jet and show that inverse Compton scattering from the CMB is
consistent with equipartition for a moderate beaming of the emission, with
Doppler factor delta~10. The power transported by the jet is then similar to
that of other powerful blazars, Lj~10^{48} erg/s and the jet has low radiative
efficiency. The radiative cooling times of the electrons are a few thousand
years, compatible with the size of the knot. The low-energy cutoff of the
electron distribution is constrained to be gamma_min~10, the first such
constraint from spectral considerations. A parallel analysis for the SSC model
yields far less reasonable physical conditions.


  In collision-poor plasmas from space, e.g., the solar wind and planetary
magnetospheres, the kinetic anisotropy of the plasma particles is expected to
be regulated by the kinetic instabilities. Driven by an excess of ion (proton)
temperature perpendicular to the magnetic field $(~T_\perp >T_\parallel)$, the
electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) instability is fast enough to constrain
the proton anisotropy, but the observations do not conform to the instability
thresholds predicted by the standard theory for bi-Maxwellian models of the
plasma particles. This paper presents an extended investigation of the EMIC
instability in the presence of suprathermal electrons which are ubiquitous in
these environments. The analysis is based on the kinetic (Vlasov-Maxwell)
theory assuming that both species, protons and electrons, may be anisotropic,
and the EMIC unstable solutions are derived numerically providing an accurate
description for conditions typically encountered in space plasmas. The effects
of suprathermal populations are triggered by the electron anisotropy and the
temperature contrast between electrons and protons. For certain conditions the
anisotropy thresholds exceed the limits of the proton anisotropy measured in
the solar wind considerably restraining the unstable regimes of the EMIC modes.


  Color-ordered tree level scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theories can be
written as a sum over terms which display the various propagator poles of
Feynman diagrams. The numerators in these expressions which are obtained by
straightforward application of Feynman rules are not satisfying any particular
relations, typically. However, by reshuffling terms, it is known that one can
arrive at a set of numerators which satisfy the same Jacobi identity as the
corresponding color factors. By extending previous work by us we show how this
can be systematically accomplished within a Lagrangian framework. We construct
an effective Lagrangian which yields tree-level color-kinematic symmetric
numerators in Yang-Mills theories in a light-like gauge at five-points. The
five-point effective Lagrangian is non-local and it is zero by Jacobi identity.
The numerators obtained from it respect the original pole structure of the
color-ordered amplitude. We discuss how this procedure can be systematically
extended to higher order.


  Statistical relational frameworks such as Markov logic networks and
probabilistic soft logic (PSL) encode model structure with weighted first-order
logical clauses. Learning these clauses from data is referred to as structure
learning. Structure learning alleviates the manual cost of specifying models.
However, this benefit comes with high computational costs; structure learning
typically requires an expensive search over the space of clauses which involves
repeated optimization of clause weights. In this paper, we propose the first
two approaches to structure learning for PSL. We introduce a greedy
search-based algorithm and a novel optimization method that trade-off
scalability and approximations to the structure learning problem in varying
ways. The highly scalable optimization method combines data-driven generation
of clauses with a piecewise pseudolikelihood (PPLL) objective that learns model
structure by optimizing clause weights only once. We compare both methods
across five real-world tasks, showing that PPLL achieves an order of magnitude
runtime speedup and AUC gains up to 15% over greedy search.


  We prove explicit estimates for the error in random homogenization of
degenerate, second-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations, assuming the coefficients
satisfy a finite range of dependence. In particular, we obtain an algebraic
rate of convergence with overwhelming probability under certain structural
conditions on the Hamiltonian.


  We show how successful supersymmetric hybrid inflation is realized in
realistic models where the resolution of the minimal supersymmetric standard
model mu problem is intimately linked with axion physics. The scalar fields
that accompany the axion, such as the saxion, are closely monitored during and
after inflation to ensure that the axion isocurvature perturbations lie below
the observational limits. The scalar spectral index n_s is about 0.96 - 0.97,
while the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, a canonical measure of gravity waves, lies
well below the observable range in our example. The axion domain walls are
inflated away, and depending on the axion decay constant f_a and the magnitude
of the mu parameter, the axions and/or the lightest supersymmetric particle
compose the dark matter in the universe. Non-thermal leptogenesis is naturally
implemented in this class of models.


  The closed analytical expression for the electron density of states function
in a rectangular lattice is derived in an elementary way in terms of complete
elliptic integrals of the first kind. The lattice can be treated as a deformed
square lattice under uniform uniaxial stress (or strain). In contrast to
hydrostatic case the uniaxial pressure, say along axis y, modifies a length of
the y-bonds while the x-bonds remain intact. It also alters the corresponding
tight-binding transfer integral gamma_2 between two y-nearest-neighbours
leaving unchanged the gamma_1 for x-nn interactions. Due to stress-induced
lowering symmetry of this simple model one can get an insight into the
decoupling of its density of states on dependence of the lattice deformation or
transfer integrals anisotropy.


  We derive the number density evolution of massive field galaxies in the
redshift range 0.4 < z < 1.2 using the K-band selected field galaxy sample from
the Munich Near-IR Cluster Survey (MUNICS). We rely on spectroscopically
calibrated photometric redshifts to determine distances and absolute magnitudes
in the rest-frame K-band. To assign mass-to-light ratios, we use two different
approaches. First, we use an approach which maximizes the stellar mass for any
K-band luminosity at any redshift. We take the mass-to-light ratio of a Simple
Stellar Population (SSP) which is as old as the universe at the galaxy's
redshift as a likely upper limit. Second, we assign each galaxy a mass-to-light
ratio by fitting the galaxy's colours against a grid of composite stellar
population models and taking their M/L. We compute the number density of
galaxies more massive than 2 x 10^10 h^-2 Msun, 5 x 10^10 h^-2 Msun, and 1 x
10^11 h^-2 Msun, finding that the integrated stellar mass function is roughly
constant for the lowest mass limit and that it decreases with redshift by a
factor of ~ 3 and by a factor of ~ 6 for the two higher mass limits,
respectively. This finding is in qualitative agreement with models of
hierarchical galaxy formation, which predict that the number density of ~ M*
objects is fairly constant while it decreases faster for more massive systems
over the redshift range our data probe.


  Multi-task learning has shown to significantly enhance the performance of
multiple related learning tasks in a variety of situations. We present the
fused logistic regression, a sparse multi-task learning approach for binary
classification. Specifically, we introduce sparsity inducing penalties over
parameter differences of related logistic regression models to encode
similarity across related tasks. The resulting joint learning task is cast into
a form that lends itself to be efficiently optimized with a recursive variant
of the alternating direction method of multipliers. We show results on
synthetic data and describe the regime of settings where our multi-task
approach achieves significant improvements over the single task learning
approach and discuss the implications on applying the fused logistic regression
in different real world settings.


  Due to the resemblance between Maxwell and the gravitomagnetic equations
obtained in the weak field and slow motion limit of General Relativity, one can
ask if it is possible to amplify a seed intrinsic rotation or spin motion by a
gravitomagetic dynamo, in analogy with the well-known dynamo effect. Using the
Galilean limits of the gravitomagnetic equations, the answer to this question
is negative, due to the fact that a "magnetic" Galilean limit for the
gravitomagnetic equations is physically inconsistent.


  The inverse structure functions of exit distances have been introduced as a
novel diagnostic of turbulence which emphasizes the more laminar regions [1-4].
Using Taylor's frozen field hypothesis, we investigate the statistical
properties of the exit distances of empirical 3D fully developed turbulence. We
find that the probability density functions of exit distances at different
velocity thresholds can be approximated by stretched exponentials with
exponents varying with the velocity thresholds below a critical threshold. We
show that the inverse structure functions exhibit clear extended
self-similarity (ESS). The ESS exponents \xi(p,2) for small p (p<3.5) are well
captured by the prediction of \xi(p,2)= p/2 obtained by assuming a universal
distribution of the exit distances, while the observed deviations for large p's
characterize the dependence of these distributions on the velocity thresholds.
By applying a box-counting multifractal analysis of the natural measure
constructed on the time series of exit distances, we demonstrate the existence
of a genuine multifractality, endowed in addition with negative dimensions.
Performing the same analysis of reshuffled time series with otherwise identical
statistical properties for which multifractality is absent, we show that
multifractality can be traced back to non-trivial dependence in the time series
of exit times, suggesting a non-trivial organization of weakly-turbulent
regions.


  Systematic electrical transport characterizations were performed on
high-quality Bi2O2Se nanowires to illustrate its great transport properties and
further application potentials in spintronics. Bi2O2Se nanowires synthesized by
chemical vapor deposition method presented a high field-effect mobility up to
1.34*104 cm2V-1s-1, and exhibited ballistic transport in the low back-gate
voltage (Vg) regime where conductance plateaus were observed. When further
increasing the electron density by increasing Vg, we entered the phase coherent
regime and weak antilocalization (WAL) was observed. The spin relaxation length
extracted from the WAL was found to be gate tunable, ranging from ~100 nm to
~250 nm and reaching a stronger spin-obit coupling (SOC) than the
two-dimensional counterpart (flakes). We attribute the strong SOC and the gate
tunability to the presence of a surface accumulation layer which induces a
strong inversion asymmetry on the surface. Such scenario was supported by the
observation of two Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation frequencies that correspond to
two types of carriers, one on the surface, and the other in the bulk. The
high-quality Bi2O2Se nanowires with a high mobility and a strong SOC can act as
a very prospective material in future spintronics.


  We describe a new principle - the Alkalinity Concentration Swing (ACS) - for
direct air capture of carbon dioxide driven by concentrating an alkaline
solution that has been exposed to the atmosphere and loaded with dissolved
inorganic carbon. Upon concentration, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide
increases, allowing for extraction and compression. We find that higher
concentration factors result in proportionally higher outgassing pressure, and
higher initial alkalinity concentrations at the same concentration factor
outgas a higher concentration of CO2 relative to the feed solution. We examine
two desalination technologies, reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization, as
possible implementation for the ACS, and evaluate two simplified corresponding
energy models. We compare the ACS to incumbent technologies and make estimates
on water, land, and energy requirements for capturing one million tonnes of CO2
per year. We find that estimates for the lower end of the energy range for both
reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization approaches are lower than or
roughly equal to incumbent direct air capture approaches. For most conditions,
we find an inverse relationship between the required energy and water
processing volume per million tonnes of CO2. Realizing the ACS requires a
simple alkaline aqueous solvent (e.g. potassium alkalinity carrier) and does
not require heat as a driving mechanism. More generally, the ACS can be
implemented through industrial-scale desalination approaches, meaning current
technology could be leveraged for scale-up.


  One of the central problems in the study of deep learning theory is to
understand how the structure properties, such as depth, width and the number of
nodes, affect the expressivity of deep neural networks. In this work, we show a
new connection between the expressivity of deep neural networks and topological
entropy from dynamical system, which can be used to characterize depth-width
trade-offs of neural networks. We provide an upper bound on the topological
entropy of neural networks with continuous semi-algebraic units by the
structure parameters. Specifically, the topological entropy of ReLU network
with $l$ layers and $m$ nodes per layer is upper bounded by $O(l\log m)$.
Besides, if the neural network is a good approximation of some function $f$,
then the size of the neural network has an exponential lower bound with respect
to the topological entropy of $f$. Moreover, we discuss the relationship
between topological entropy, the number of oscillations, periods and Lipschitz
constant.


  Using moment equations we analyze collective flavor transformation of
supernova neutrinos. We study the convergence of moment equations and find that
numerical results using a few moment converge quite fast. We study effects of
emission angle distribution of neutrinos on neutrino sphere. We study scaling
law of the amplitude of neutrino self-interaction Hamiltonian and find that it
depends on model of emission angle distribution of neutrinos. Dependence of
neutrino oscillation on different models of emission angle distribution is
studied.


  We present a series of numerical sunspot models addressing the subsurface
field and flow structure in up to 16 Mm deep domains covering up to 2 days of
temporal evolution. Changes in the photospheric appearance of the sunspots are
driven by subsurface flows in several Mm depth. Most of magnetic field is
pushed into a downflow vertex of the subsurface convection pattern, while some
fraction of the flux separates from the main trunk of the spot. Flux separation
in deeper layers is accompanied in the photosphere with light bridge formation
in the early stages and formation of pores separating from the spot at later
stages. Over a time scale of less than a day we see the development of a large
scale flow pattern surrounding the sunspots, which is dominated by a radial
outflow reaching about 50% of the convective rms velocity in amplitude. Several
components of the large scale flow are found to be independent from the
presence of a penumbra and the associated Evershed flow. While the simulated
sunspots lead to blockage of heat flux in the near surface layers, we do not
see compelling evidence for a brightness enhancement in their periphery. We
further demonstrate that the influence of the bottom boundary condition on the
stability and long-term evolution of the sunspot is significantly reduced in a
16 Mm deep domain compared to the shallower domains considered previously.


  We explore the mass splitting of the heavy-light mesons with chiral partner
structure in nuclear matter. In our calculation, we employed the heavy hadron
chiral perturbation theory with chiral partner structure and the nuclear matter
is constructed by putting skyrmions from the standard Skyrme model onto the
face-centered cubic crystal and regarding the skyrmion matter as nuclear
matter. We find that, although the masses of the heavy-light mesons with chiral
partner structure are splitted in the matter-free space and skyrmion phase,
they are degenerated in the half-skyrmion phase in which the chiral symmetry is
restored globally. This observation suggests that the magnitude of the mass
splitting of the heavy-light mesons with chiral partner structure can be used
as a probe of the phase structure of the nuclear matter.


  We consider the set of classical newforms with rational coefficients and no
complex multiplication. We study the distribution of quadratic-twist classes of
these forms with respect to weight $k$ and minimal level $N$. We conjecture
that for each weight $k \geq 6$, there are only finitely many classes. In large
weights, we make this conjecture effective: in weights $18 \leq k \leq 24$, all
classes have $N \leq 30$, in weights $26 \leq k \leq 50$, all classes have $N
\in \{2,6\}$, and in weights $k \geq 52$, there are no classes at all. We study
some of the newforms appearing on our conjecturally complete list in more
detail, especially in the cases $N=2$, $3$, $4$, $6$, and $8$, where formulas
can be kept nearly as simple as those for the classical case $N=1$.


  We have developed a method for analyzing the kinematic association of
isolated relativistic objects - possible remnants of disrupted close binary
systems. We investigate pairs of fairly young radio pulsars with known proper
motions and estimated distances (dispersion measures) that are spaced no more
than 2-3 kpc apart. Using a specified radial velocity distribution for these
objects, we have constructed 100-300 thousand trajectories of their possible
motion in the Galactic gravitational field on a time scale of several million
years. The probabilities of their close encounters at epochs consistent with
the age of the younger pulsar in the pair are analyzed. When these
probabilities exceed considerably their reference values obtained by assuming a
purely random encounter between the pulsars under consideration, we conclude
that the objects may have been gravitationally bound in the past. As a result,
we have detected six pulsar pairs (J0543+2329/J0528+2200,
J1453-6413/J1430-6623, J2354+6155/J2321+6024, J1915+1009/J1909+1102,
J1832-0827/J1836-1008, and J1917+1353/J1926+1648) that are companions in
disrupted binary systems with a high probability. Estimates of their kinematic
ages and velocities at binary disruption and at the present epoch are provided.


  In this paper, we present a structured approach to selecting and designing a
set of grippers for an assembly task. Compared to current experience-based
gripper design method, our approach accelerates the design process by
automatically generating a set of initial design options on gripper type and
parameters according to the CAD models of assembly components. We use mesh
segmentation techniques to segment the assembly components and fit the
segmented parts with shape primitives, according to the predefined
correspondence between primitive shape and gripper type, suitable gripper types
and parameters can be selected and extracted from the fitted shape primitives.
Moreover, we incorporate the assembly constraints in the further evaluation of
the initially obtained gripper types and parameters. Considering the affordance
of the segmented parts and the collision avoidance between the gripper and the
subassemblies, applicable gripper types and parameters can be filtered from the
initial options. Among the applicable gripper configurations, we further
optimize number of grippers for performing the assembly task, by exploring the
gripper that is able to handle multiple assembly components during the
assembly. Finally, the feasibility of the designed grippers is experimentally
verified by assembling a part of an industrial product.


  We obtain explicit formulas for the spinor representation $\rho$ of the real
orthosymplectic supergroup $\mathrm{OSp}(2p|2q,\mathbb{R})$ by integral
'Gauss--Berezin' operators. Next, we extend $\rho$ to a complex domain and get
a representation of a larger semigroup, which is a counterpart of Olshanski
subsemigroups in semisimple Lie groups. Further, we show that $\rho$ can be
extended to an operator-valued function on a certain domain in the Lagrangian
super-Grassmannian (graphs of elements of the supergroup
$\mathrm{OSp}(2p|2q,\mathbb{C})$ are Lagrangian super-subspaces) and show that
this function is a 'representation' in the following sense: we consider
Lagrangian subspaces as linear relations and composition of two Lagrangian
relations in general position corresponds to a product of Gauss--Berezin
operators


  Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay $\Lambda_c^+\to p\pi^0$ is
reported for the first time with a statistical significance of $3.7\sigma$
based on 6.0 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data collected at
center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at
the BEPCII collider. The absolute branching fraction of $\Lambda_c^+\to p\pi^0$
is measured to be $(1.56^{+0.72}_{-0.58}\pm0.20)\times 10^{-4}$. Combining with
the branching fraction of $\Lambda_c^+\to n\pi^+$, $(6.6\pm1.3)\times10^{-4}$,
the ratio of the branching fractions of $\Lambda_c^+\to n\pi^+$ and
$\Lambda_c^+\to p\pi^0$ is calculated to be $3.2^{+2.2}_{-1.2}$. As an
important input for the theoretical models describing the decay mechanisms of
charmed baryons, our result indicates that the non-factorizable contributions
play an essential role and their interference with the factorizable
contributions should not be significant. In addition, the absolute branching
fraction of $\Lambda_c^+\to p\eta$ is measured to be $(1.63\pm0.31_{\rm
stat}\pm0.11_{\rm syst}) \times10^{-3}$.


  The level statistics in the two dimensional disordered electron systems in
magnetic fields (unitary ensemble) or in the presence of strong spin-orbit
scattering (symplectic ensemble) are investigated at the Anderson transition
points. The level spacing distribution functions $P(s)$'s are found to be
independent of the system size or of the type of the potential distribution,
suggesting the universality. They behave as $s^2$ in the small $s$ region in
the former case, while $s^4$ rise is seen in the latter.


  We investigate the causes of the curious property of neutrino oscillations of
looking as an interference between fully distinguishable particles. The sources
of this effect are identified as to be determined by the many particle nature
of space of states of the quantum field theory. It is firstly underlined that
in order to explain the observed oscillations, the neutrino subspace of states
should not be interpreted as the direct product of the three neutrinos Fock
spaces, which is equivalent to imposing a superselection rule. Further, it is
argued that the linear completion of such a direct product space of states
permits to describe the measured oscillations. Thus, the space of states of te
Standard Model (SM) should be interpreted as the linear completion of the
direct product of all the Fock spaces (boson or fermions ones) associated to
the distinguishable particles. Then, it follows that the neutrino oscillations
are determined as interference between independent particles, which are
generated by states being outside the direct product of the neutrino Fock
spaces. This interpretation seems to imply a large amount of interference
observations between distinguishable particles in Particle as well as in
Condensed Matter Physics. For seeking clearness, the discussion is done in the
framework of a simple Quantum Field Theory (QFT) model of two relativistic free
massive neutrinos.


  Terrestrial exoplanets such as TRAPPIST-1e will be observed in a new capacity
with JWST/NIRSpec, which is expected to be able to detect CO$_2$, CH$_4$, and
O$_2$ signals, if present, with multiple co-added transit observations. The
CO$_2$-CH$_4$ pair in particular is theorized to be a potential biosignature
when inferred to be in chemical disequilibrium. Here, we simulate TRAPPIST-1e's
atmosphere using the ExoCAM General Circulation Model (GCM), assuming an
optimistic haze-free, tidally locked planet with an aquaplanet surface, with
varying atmospheric compositions from $10^{-4}$ bar to 1 bar of partial CO$_2$
pressure with 1 bar of background N$_2$. We investigate cases both with and
without a modern Earth-like CH$_4$ mixing ratio to examine the effect of CO$_2$
and CH$_4$ on the transmission spectrum and climate state of the planet. We
demonstrate that in the optimistic haze-free cloudy case, H$_2$O, CO$_2$, and
CH$_4$ could all be detectable in less than 50 transits within an atmosphere of
1 bar N$_2$ and 10 mbar CO$_2$ during JWST's lifespan with NIRSpec as long as
the noise floor is $\lesssim$ 10 ppm. We find that in these optimistic cases,
JWST may be able to detect potential biosignature pairs such as CO$_2$-CH$_4$
in TRAPPIST-1e's atmosphere across a variety of atmospheric CO$_2$ content, and
that temporal climate variability does not significantly affect spectral
feature variability for NIRSpec PRISM.


  We presents a data-calibrated compact model of carbon nanotube (CNT)
field-effect transistors (CNFETs) based on the virtual-source (VS) approach,
describing the intrinsic current-voltage and charge-voltage characteristics.
The features of the model include: (i) carrier VS velocity extracted from
experimental devices with gate lengths down to 15 nm; (ii) carrier effective
mobility and velocity depending on the CNT diameter; (iii) short channel effect
such as inverse subthreshold slope degradation and drain-induced barrier
lowering depending on the device dimensions; (iv) small-signal capacitances
including the CNT quantum capacitance effect to account for the decreasing gate
capacitance at high gate bias. The CNFET model captures dimensional scaling
effects and is suitable for technology benchmarking and performance projection
at the sub-10-nm technology nodes.


  We construct new classes of exact solutions of the 4D vacuum Einstein
equations which describe ellipsoidal black holes, black tori and combined black
hole -- black tori configurations. The solutions can be static or with
anisotropic polarizations and running constants. They are defined by
off--diagonal metric ansatz which may be diagonalized with respect to
anholonomic moving frames. We examine physical properties of such anholonomic
gravitational configurations and discuss why the anholonomy may remove the
restriction that horizons must be with spherical topology.


  To study how balanced or unbalanced a maximal intersecting family
$\mathcal{F}\subseteq \binom{[n]}{r}$ is we consider the ratio
$\mathcal{R}(\mathcal{F})=\frac{\Delta(\mathcal{F})}{\delta(\mathcal{F})}$ of
its maximum and minimum degree. We determine the order of magnitude of the
function $m(n,r)$, the minimum possible value of $\mathcal{R}(\mathcal{F})$,
and establish some lower and upper bounds on the function $M(n,r)$, the maximum
possible value of $\mathcal{R}(\mathcal{F})$. To obtain constructions that show
the bounds on $m(n,r)$ we use a theorem of Blokhuis on the minimum size of a
non-trivial blocking set in projective planes.


  We have designed and fabricated superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators
with fundamental frequencies from 2 to $9 \rm{GHz}$ and loaded quality factors
ranging from a few hundreds to a several hundred thousands reached at
temperatures of $20 \rm{mK}$. The loaded quality factors are controlled by
appropriately designed input and output coupling capacitors. The measured
transmission spectra are analyzed using both a lumped element model and a
distributed element transmission matrix method. The experimentally determined
resonance frequencies, quality factors and insertion losses are fully and
consistently characterized by the two models for all measured devices. Such
resonators find prominent applications in quantum optics and quantum
information processing with superconducting electronic circuits and in single
photon detectors and parametric amplifiers.


  In a recent article, W.-S. Hou and G.-G. Wong [Phys. Rev. D {\bf 67}, 034003
(2003)] have investigated the spectrum of two-gluon glueballs below 3 GeV in a
potential model with a dynamical gluon mass. We point out that, among the 18
states calculated by the authors, only three are physical. The other states
either are spurious or possess a finite mass only due to an arbitrary
restriction of the variational parameter.


  In this work we investigate the role of exciton resonances in coherent
anti-Stokes Raman scattering (er-CARS) in single walled carbon nanotubes
(SWCNTs). We drive the nanotube system in simultaneous phonon and excitonic
resonances, where we observe a superior enhancement by orders of magnitude
exceeding non-resonant cases. We investigated the resonant effects in five
$(n,m)$ chiralities and find that the er-CARS intensity varies drastically
between different nanotube species. The experimental results are compared with
a perturbation theory model. Finally, we show that such giant resonant
non-linear signals enable rapid mapping and local heating of individualized
CNTs, suggesting easy tracking of CNTs for future nanotoxology studies and
therapeutic application in biological tissues.


  We have analysed the latest NA50 data on $J/\psi$ production in pA and AA
collisions. The $J/\psi$ production is assumed to be a two step process, (i)
formation of $c\bar{c}$ pairs, perturbatively calculable, and (ii) formation of
$J/\psi$ from the pair, a non-perturbative process, which is conviniently
parametrized. In a nuclear medium, as the $c\bar{c}$ pair passes through the
nuclear medium, it gain relative square momentum and some of the pairs can gain
enough square momentum to cross the threshold for open charm meson, leading to
suppression in nuclear medium. Few parameters of the model were fixed from the
latest high statistics NA50 pA and NA38 SU total $J/\psi$ cross sectional data.
The model then reproduces the centrality dependence of $J/\psi$ over Drell-Yan
ration in 200 GeV/c S+U and 158 GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions. We also discuss the
centrality dependence of $J/\psi$ suppression at RHIC energy.


  Entity typing is the task of assigning semantic types to the entities that
are mentioned in a text. In the case of fine-grained entity typing (FET), a
large set of candidate type labels is considered. Since obtaining sufficient
amounts of manual annotations is then prohibitively expensive, FET models are
typically trained using distant supervision. In this paper, we propose to
improve on this process by pre-training an entity encoder such that embeddings
of coreferring entities are more similar to each other than to the embeddings
of other entities. The main problem with this strategy, which helps to explain
why it has not previously been considered, is that predicted coreference links
are often too noisy. We show that this problem can be addressed by using a
simple trick: we only consider coreference links that are predicted by two
different off-the-shelf systems. With this prudent use of coreference links,
our pre-training strategy allows us to improve the state-of-the-art in
benchmarks on fine-grained entity typing, as well as traditional entity
extraction.


  A dark energy scalar (or a function of the Ricci scalar) coupled with the
derivative to the matter fields will violate the $CPT$ symmetry during the
expansion of the Universe. This type of cosmological $CPT$ violation helps to
generate the baryon number asymmetry and gives rise to the rotation of the
photon polarization which can be measured in the astrophysical and cosmological
observations, especially the experiments of the cosmic microwave background
radiation. In this paper, we derive the rotation angle in a fully general
relativistic way and present the rotation formulas used for the cosmic
microwave background data analysis. Our formulas include the corrections from
the spatial fluctuations of the scalar field. We also estimate the magnitude of
these corrections in a class of dynamical dark energy models for quintessential
baryo/leptogenesis.


  In semiclassical studies of systems with mixed phase space, the neighbourhood
of bifurcations of co-dimension two is felt strongly even though such
bifurcations are ungeneric in classical mechanics. We discuss a scenario which
reveals this fact and derive the correct semiclassical contribution of the
bifurcating orbits to the trace of the unitary time evolution operator. That
contribution has a certain collective character rather than being additive in
the individual periodic orbits involved. The relevance of our observation is
demonstrated by a numerical study of the kicked top; the collective
contribution derived is found to considerably improve the semiclassical
approximation of the trace.


  Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an essential element in Machine Learning
(ML) algorithms. Asynchronous parallel shared-memory SGD (AsyncSGD), including
synchronization-free algorithms, e.g. HOGWILD!, have received interest in
certain contexts, due to reduced overhead compared to synchronous
parallelization. Despite that they induce staleness and inconsistency, they
have shown speedup for problems satisfying smooth, strongly convex targets, and
gradient sparsity. Recent works take important steps towards understanding the
potential of parallel SGD for problems not conforming to these strong
assumptions, in particular for deep learning (DL). There is however a gap in
current literature in understanding when AsyncSGD algorithms are useful in
practice, and in particular how mechanisms for synchronization and consistency
play a role. We focus on the impact of consistency-preserving non-blocking
synchronization in SGD convergence, and in sensitivity to hyper-parameter
tuning. We propose Leashed-SGD, an extensible algorithmic framework of
consistency-preserving implementations of AsyncSGD, employing lock-free
synchronization, effectively balancing throughput and latency. We argue
analytically about the dynamics of the algorithms, memory consumption, the
threads' progress over time, and the expected contention. We provide a
comprehensive empirical evaluation, validating the analytical claims,
benchmarking the proposed Leashed-SGD framework, and comparing to baselines for
training multilayer perceptrons (MLP) and convolutional neural networks (CNN).
We observe the crucial impact of contention, staleness and consistency and show
how Leashed-SGD provides significant improvements in stability as well as
wall-clock time to convergence (from 20-80% up to 4x improvements) compared to
the standard lock-based AsyncSGD algorithm and HOGWILD!, while reducing the
overall memory footprint.


  Dispersion-based graphene materials are promising candidates for various
sensing applications. They offer the advantage of relatively simple and fast
deposition via spin-coating, Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, or inkjet printing.
Film uniformity and reproducibility remain challenging in all of these
deposition methods. Here, we demonstrate, characterize, and successfully apply
a scalable structuring method for graphene dispersions. The method is based on
a standard lift-off process, is simple to implement, and increases the film
uniformity of graphene devices. It is also compatible with standard
semiconductor manufacturing methods. We investigate two different graphene
dispersions via Raman spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy and observe no
degradation of the material properties by the structuring process. Furthermore,
we achieve high uniformity of the structured patterns and homogeneous graphene
flake distribution. Electrical characterizations show reproducible sheet
resistance values correlating with material quantity and uniformity. Finally,
repeatable humidity sensing is demonstrated with van der Pauw devices, with
sensing limits of less than 1% relative humidity.


  Consider a measurable space with an atomless finite vector measure. This
measure defines a mapping of the $\sigma$-field into an Euclidean space.
According to the Lyapunov convexity theorem, the range of this mapping is a
convex compactum. Similar ranges are also defined for measurable subsets of the
space. Two subsets with the same vector measure may have different ranges. We
investigate the question whether, among all the subsets having the same given
vector measure, there always exists a set with the maximal range of the vector
measure. The answer to this question is positive for two-dimensional vector
measures and negative for higher dimensions. We use the existence of maximal
ranges to strengthen the Dvoretzky-Wald-Wolfowitz purification theorem for the
case of two measures.


  We compute the one-loop contributions from a color octet scalar to the tensor
anomalous couplings of top and bottom quarks to gluons, photons and W bosons.
We use known constraints on the parameters of the model to compare the
predicted size of these couplings with existing phenomenological constraints.


  We review the status of cooling techniques aimed at achieving the deepest
quantum degeneracy for atomic Fermi gases. We first discuss some physical
motivations, providing a quantitative assessment of the need for deep quantum
degeneracy in relevant physics cases, such as the search for unconventional
superfluid states. Attention is then focused on the most widespread technique
to reach deep quantum degeneracy for Fermi systems, sympathetic cooling of
Bose-Fermi mixtures, organizing the discussion according to the specific
species involved. Various proposals to circumvent some of the limitations on
achieving the deepest Fermi degeneracy, and their experimental realizations,
are then reviewed. Finally, we discuss the extension of these techniques to
optical lattices and the implementation of precision thermometry crucial to the
understanding of the phase diagram of classical and quantum phase transitions
in Fermi gases.


  We present Amos, a stochastic gradient-based optimizer designed for training
deep neural networks. It can be viewed as an Adam optimizer with theoretically
supported, adaptive learning-rate decay and weight decay. A key insight behind
Amos is that it leverages model-specific information to determine the initial
learning-rate and decaying schedules. When used for pre-training BERT variants
and T5, Amos consistently converges faster than the state-of-the-art settings
of AdamW, achieving better validation loss within <=70% training steps and
time, while requiring <=51% memory for slot variables. Our code is open-sourced
at: https://github.com/google-research/jestimator


  CP violation in rare leptonic B decays are analyzed in the standard model
(SM) and models beyond SM (supersymmetric models and two Higgs doublet models).


  The pair distributions of one-dimensional "hard sphere" fermion and boson
systems are exactly evaluated by introducing gap variables.


  In this work, we investigate the problem of lip-syncing a talking face video
of an arbitrary identity to match a target speech segment. Current works excel
at producing accurate lip movements on a static image or videos of specific
people seen during the training phase. However, they fail to accurately morph
the lip movements of arbitrary identities in dynamic, unconstrained talking
face videos, resulting in significant parts of the video being out-of-sync with
the new audio. We identify key reasons pertaining to this and hence resolve
them by learning from a powerful lip-sync discriminator. Next, we propose new,
rigorous evaluation benchmarks and metrics to accurately measure lip
synchronization in unconstrained videos. Extensive quantitative evaluations on
our challenging benchmarks show that the lip-sync accuracy of the videos
generated by our Wav2Lip model is almost as good as real synced videos. We
provide a demo video clearly showing the substantial impact of our Wav2Lip
model and evaluation benchmarks on our website:
\url{cvit.iiit.ac.in/research/projects/cvit-projects/a-lip-sync-expert-is-all-you-need-for-speech-to-lip-generation-in-the-wild}.
The code and models are released at this GitHub repository:
\url{github.com/Rudrabha/Wav2Lip}. You can also try out the interactive demo at
this link: \url{bhaasha.iiit.ac.in/lipsync}.


  Kalman filter is widely used for residual generation in fault detection. It
leads to optimality in fault detection using some performance indices and also
leads to statistically sound residual evaluation and threshold setting. This
paper shows that these nice features do not necessarily imply an optimal fault
detection performance. Based on a performance index related to fault detection
rate and false alarm rate, several occasions where Kalman filter should not be
used are pointed out; further the residual evaluation and threshold setting are
discussed, in which it is pointed out that in stochastic setting an optimal
statistical test of Kamlan filter is not related to optimality of commonly used
detection performance indicators. The theoretical analysis is verified through
Monte Carlo simulations and Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) dataset.


  Active nanowires and nanofibers can be realized by the electric-field induced
stretching of polymer solutions with sufficient molecular entanglements. The
resulting nanomaterials are attracting an increasing attention in view of their
application in a wide variety of fields, including optoelectronics, photonics,
energy harvesting, nanoelectronics, and microelectromechanical systems.
Realizing nanocomposite nanofibers is especially interesting in this respect.
In particular, methods suitable for embedding inorganic nanocrystals in
electrified jets and then in active fiber systems allow for controlling
light-scattering and refractive index properties in the realized fibrous
materials. We here report on the design, realization, and morphological and
spectroscopic characterization of new species of active, composite nanowires
and nanofibers for nanophotonics. We focus on the properties of
light-confinement and photon transport along the nanowire longitudinal axis,
and on how these depend on nanoparticle incorporation. Optical losses
mechanisms and their influence on device design and performances are also
presented and discussed.


  In the light-front milieu, there is an implicit assumption that the vacuum is
trivial. By this " triviality " is meant that the Fock space of solutions for
equations of motion is sectorized in two, one of positive energy k- and the
other of negative one corresponding respectively to positive and negative
momentum k+. It is assumed that only one of the Fock space sector is enough to
give a complete description of the solutions, but in this work we consider an
example where we demonstrate that both sectors are necessary.


  We say that a graph G has a perfect H-packing (also called an H-factor) if
there exists a set of disjoint copies of H in G which together cover all the
vertices of G. Given a graph H, we determine, asymptotically, the Ore-type
degree condition which ensures that a graph G has a perfect H-packing. More
precisely, let \delta_{\rm Ore} (H,n) be the smallest number k such that every
graph G whose order n is divisible by |H| and with d(x)+d(y)\geq k for all
non-adjacent x \not = y \in V(G) contains a perfect H-packing. We determine
\lim_{n\to \infty} \delta_{\rm Ore} (H,n)/n.


  We study the traffic routing game among a large number of selfish drivers
over a traffic network. We consider a specific scenario where the strategic
drivers can be classified into teams, where drivers in the same team have
identical payoff functions. An incentive mechanism is considered to mitigate
congestion, where each driver is subject to dynamic tax penalties. We explore a
special case in which the tax is affine in the logarithm of the number of
drivers selecting the same route from each team. It is shown via a mean-field
approximation that a Nash equilibrium in the limit of a large population can be
found by linearly solvable algorithms.


  We show that the regular Slodowy slice to the sum of two semisimple adjoint
orbits of $GL(n,C)$ is isomorphic to the deformation of the $D_2$-singularity
if $n=2$, the Dancer deformation of the double cover of the Atiyah-Hitchin
manifold if $n=3$, and to the Atiyah-Hitchin manifold itself if $n=4$. For
higher $n$, such slices to the sum of two orbits, each having only two distinct
eigenvalues, are either empty or biholomorphic to open subsets of the Hilbert
scheme of points on of one the above surfaces. In particular, these open
subsets of Hilbert schemes of points carry complete hyperk\"ahler metrics. In
the case of the double cover of the Atiyah-Hitchin manifold this turns out to
be the natural $L^2$-metric on a hyperk\"ahler submanifold of the monopole
moduli space.


  We analyze the spin expectation values for injected spin-polarized electrons
(spin vectors) in a [001]-grown Rashba-Dresselhaus two-dimensional electron gas
(2DEG). We generalize the calculation for point spin injection in semi-infinite
2DEGs to finite-size spin injection in bounded 2DEGs. Using the obtained spin
vector formula, significance of the channel direction for the Datta-Das
transistor is illustrated. Numerical results indicate that the influence due to
the finite-size injection is moderate, while the channel boundary reflection
may bring unexpected changes. Both effects are concluded to decrease when the
spin-orbit coupling strength is strong. Hence [110] is a robust channel
direction and is therefore the best candidate for the design of the Datta-Das
transistor.


  The $d$-dimensional hypercube graph $Q_d$ has as vertices all subsets of
$\{1,\ldots,d\}$, and an edge between any two sets that differ in a single
element. The Ruskey-Savage conjecture asserts that every matching of $Q_d$,
$d\ge 2$, can be extended to a Hamilton cycle, i.e., to a cycle that visits
every vertex exactly once. We prove that every matching of $Q_d$, $d\ge 2$, can
be extended to a cycle that visits at least a $2/3$-fraction of all vertices.


  Young exoplanets can offer insight into the evolution of planetary
atmospheres, compositions, and architectures. We present the discovery of the
young planetary system TOI 451 (TIC 257605131, Gaia DR2 4844691297067063424).
TOI 451 is a member of the 120-Myr-old Pisces--Eridanus stream (Psc--Eri). We
confirm membership in the stream with its kinematics, its lithium abundance,
and the rotation and UV excesses of both TOI 451 and its wide binary companion,
TOI 451 B (itself likely an M dwarf binary). We identified three candidate
planets transiting in the TESS data and followed up the signals with photometry
from Spitzer and ground-based telescopes. The system comprises three validated
planets at periods of 1.9, 9.2 and 16 days, with radii of 1.9, 3.1, and 4.1
Earth radii, respectively. The host star is near-solar mass with V=11.0 and
H=9.3 and displays an infrared excess indicative of a debris disk. The planets
offer excellent prospects for transmission spectroscopy with HST and JWST,
providing the opportunity to study planetary atmospheres that may still be in
the process of evolving.


  An overview of some issues discussed is given, including the following ones:
(i) the mechanism of confinement, (ii) the structure of the string, (iii)
non-perturbative glue in vacuum and hadrons, and (v) quark-hadron duality. In
doing so I try to indicate issues important for JLab. Finally I discuss another
issue debated during this conference, namely (vi) whether one can use some
common effective potential for description of various hadrons, using heavy
quarkonia as an example.


  An example in the article shows that the first derivative of
$f(z)=\frac{2}{1-e^{-2z}}$ sharing $0$ CM and $1,\infty$ IM with its shift $\pi
i$ cannot obtain they are equal. In this paper, we study the uniqueness of
meromorphic function sharing small functions with their shifts concerning its
$k-th$ derivatives. We improves the author's result \cite{h} from entire
function to meromorphic function, the first derivative to its
differential-difference polynomial, and also finite values to small functions.
As for $k=0$, we obtain: Let $f(z)$ be a transcendental meromorphic function of
$\rho_{2}(f)<1$, let $c$ be a nonzero finite value, and let
$a_{1}(z)\not\equiv\infty, a_{2}(z)\not\equiv\infty\in \hat{S}(f)$ be two
distinct small functions of $f(z)$ such that $a(z)$ is a periodic function with
period $c$ and $b(z)$ is any small function of $f(z)$. If $f(z)$ and $f(z+c)$
share $a_{1}(z),\infty$ CM, and share $a_{2}(z)$ IM, then either $f(z)\equiv
f(z+c)$ or $$e^{p(z)}\equiv \frac{f(z+c)-a_{1}(z+c)}{f(z)-a_{1}(z)}\equiv
\frac{a_{2}(z+c)-a_{1}(z+c)}{a_{2}(z)-a_{1}(z)},$$ where $p(z)$ is a
non-constant entire function of $\rho(p)<1$ such that $e^{p(z+c)}\equiv
e^{p(z)}$.


  We define an appropriate problem for benchmarking dust emissivity
calculations in the context of radiative transfer (RT) simulations,
specifically including the emission from stochastically heated dust grains. Our
aim is to provide a self-contained guide for implementors of such
functionality, and to offer insights in the effects of the various
approximations and heuristics implemented by the participating codes to
accelerate the calculations. The benchmark problem definition includes the
optical and calorimetric material properties, and the grain size distributions,
for a typical astronomical dust mixture with silicate, graphite and PAH
components; a series of analytically defined radiation fields to which the dust
population is to be exposed; and instructions for the desired output. We
process this problem using six RT codes participating in this benchmark effort,
and compare the results to a reference solution computed with the publicly
available dust emission code DustEM. The participating codes implement
different heuristics to keep the calculation time at an acceptable level. We
study the effects of these mechanisms on the calculated solutions, and report
on the level of (dis)agreement between the participating codes. For all but the
most extreme input fields, we find agreement within 10% across the important
wavelength range from 3 to 1000 micron. We conclude that the relevant modules
in RT codes can and do produce fairly consistent results for the emissivity
spectra of stochastically heated dust grains.


  Khimshiashvili proved a topological degree formula for the Eu-ler
characteristic of the Milnor fibres of a real function-germ with an isolated
singularity. We give two generalizations of this result for non-isolated
singularities. As corollaries we obtain an algebraic formula for the Euler
characteristic of the fibres of a real weighted-homogeneous polynomial and a
real version of the L{\^e}-Iomdine formula. We have also included some results
of the same flavor on the local topology of locally closed definable sets.


  Due to the large-scale image size and object variations, current CNN-based
and Transformer-based approaches for remote sensing image semantic segmentation
are suboptimal for capturing the long-range dependency or limited to the
complex computational complexity. In this paper, we propose CM-UNet, comprising
a CNN-based encoder for extracting local image features and a Mamba-based
decoder for aggregating and integrating global information, facilitating
efficient semantic segmentation of remote sensing images. Specifically, a
CSMamba block is introduced to build the core segmentation decoder, which
employs channel and spatial attention as the gate activation condition of the
vanilla Mamba to enhance the feature interaction and global-local information
fusion. Moreover, to further refine the output features from the CNN encoder, a
Multi-Scale Attention Aggregation (MSAA) module is employed to merge the
different scale features. By integrating the CSMamba block and MSAA module,
CM-UNet effectively captures the long-range dependencies and multi-scale global
contextual information of large-scale remote-sensing images. Experimental
results obtained on three benchmarks indicate that the proposed CM-UNet
outperforms existing methods in various performance metrics. The codes are
available at https://github.com/XiaoBuL/CM-UNet.


  We report on the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of two new
double-perovskites synthesized under high pressure; Pb2CaOsO6 and Pb2ZnOsO6.
Upon cooling below 80 K, Pb2CaOsO6 simultaneously undergoes a metal--insulator
transition and develops antiferromagnetic order. Pb2ZnOsO6, on the other hand,
remains a paramagnetic metal down to 2 K. The key difference between the two
compounds lies in their crystal structure. The Os atoms in Pb2ZnOsO6 are
arranged on an approximately face-centred cubic lattice with strong
antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor exchange couplings. The geometrical
frustration inherent to this lattice prevents magnetic order from forming down
to the lowest temperatures. In contrast, the unit cell of Pb2CaOsO6 is heavily
distorted up to at least 500 K, including antiferroelectric-like displacements
of the Pb and O atoms despite metallic conductivity above 80 K. This distortion
relieves the magnetic frustration, facilitating magnetic order which in turn
drives the metal--insulator transition. Our results suggest that the phase
transition in Pb2CaOsO6 is spin-driven, and could be a rare example of a Slater
transition.


  Although bibliometric studies for the assessment of scientific output at
university-level are relatively common, data for performance at
department-level rarely exist. In this paper we develop a methodology and tools
for conducting department-level assessments, and conduct for the first time a
complete bibliometric study of scientific output of all university departments
in Greece. The study is based on data from Scopus about the number of
scientific publications and respective citations of all faculty members in each
department for the period 2017-2021. Code scripts were developed using R to
query the Scopus database and automatically generate statistics, as well as an
online application to view the results. The results reveal interesting facts
about the scientific impact of greek university departments, which vary between
universities and thematic areas. The developed tools can be used for continuous
monitoring and evaluation of university departments worldwide.


  SPARC processors have many applications in mission-critical industries such
as aviation and space engineering. Hence, it is important to provide formal
frameworks that facilitate the verification of hardware and software that run
on or interface with these processors. This paper presents the first mechanised
SPARC Total Store Ordering (TSO) memory model which operates on top of an
abstract model of the SPARC Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) for multi-core
processors. Both models are specified in the theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. We
formalise two TSO memory models: one is an adaptation of the axiomatic SPARC
TSO model, the other is a novel operational TSO model which is suitable for
verifying execution results. We prove that the operational model is sound and
complete with respect to the axiomatic model. Finally, we give verification
examples with two case studies drawn from the SPARCv9 manual.


  A theory for spin and lattice couplings to the electronic states in
high-T$_C$ oxides is presented, with HgBa$_2$CuO$_4$ as an example. A simple
analytical model suggests that the barrel band is sensitive to potential
perturbations with long-range Fourier components, and that gaps can be opened
at the Fermi energy. This is confirmed in self-consistent band calculations for
modulations in elongated supercells, where spin waves and phonon coupling
compete for equal q-vectors. It is argued that the wavelengths of spin-wave
modulations and of the phonon modes with large coupling, depend on the doping.
This mechanism supports the idea that pseudogaps are caused by stripe like
spin-modulations in underdoped systems, while superconductivity is attributed
to enhanced electron-phonon coupling for long wavelength phonons.


  Lieb-Robinson and related bounds set an upper limit on the rate of spreading
of information in non-relativistic quantum systems. Experimentally, they have
been observed in the spreading of correlations in the Bose-Hubbard model after
a quantum quench. Using a recently developed two particle irreducible (2PI)
strong coupling approach to out-of-equilibrium dynamics in the Bose-Hubbard
model we calculate both the group and phase velocities for the spreading of
single-particle correlations in one, two and three dimensions as a function of
interaction strength. Our results are in quantitative agreement with
measurements of the velocities for the spreading of single particle
correlations in both the one and two dimensional Bose-Hubbard model realized
with ultra-cold atoms. They also agree with the claim that the phase velocity
rather than the group velocity was observed in recent experiments in two
dimensions. We demonstrate that there can be large differences between the
phase and group velocities for the spreading of correlations and also explore
the variation of the anisotropy in the velocity at which correlations spread
across the phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model. Our results establish the
2PI strong coupling approach as a powerful tool to study out-of-equilibrium
dynamics in the Bose-Hubbard model in dimensions greater than one.


  The extension of the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model of nucleus-nucleus
collision is presented. The isospin-dependent nucleon-nucleon cross sections
are estimated using the proper volume extracted from the equation of state of
the nuclear matter transformed into the form of the Van der Waals equation of
state. The results of such simulations demonstrate the dependence on symmetry
energy which typically varies strongly from the results obtained using only the
isospin-dependent mean-field. The evolution of the n/p multiplicity ratio with
angle and kinetic energy, in combination with the elliptic flow of neutrons and
protons, provides a suitable set of observables for determination of the
density dependence of the symmetry energy. The model thus provides an
environment for testing of equations of state, used for various applications in
nuclear physics and astrophysics.


  Instrumental variable (IV) regression relies on instruments to infer causal
effects from observational data with unobserved confounding. We consider IV
regression in time series models, such as vector auto-regressive (VAR)
processes. Direct applications of i.i.d. techniques are generally inconsistent
as they do not correctly adjust for dependencies in the past. In this paper, we
outline the difficulties that arise due to time structure and propose
methodology for constructing identifying equations that can be used for
consistent parametric estimation of causal effects in time series data. One
method uses extra nuisance covariates to obtain identifiability (an idea that
can be of interest even in the i.i.d. case). We further propose a graph
marginalization framework that allows us to apply nuisance IV and other IV
methods in a principled way to time series. Our methods make use of a version
of the global Markov property, which we prove holds for VAR(p) processes. For
VAR(1) processes, we prove identifiability conditions that relate to Jordan
forms and are different from the well-known rank conditions in the i.i.d. case
(they do not require as many instruments as covariates, for example). We
provide methods, prove their consistency, and show how the inferred causal
effect can be used for distribution generalization. Simulation experiments
corroborate our theoretical results. We provide ready-to-use Python code.


  Quarkonia (J/psi, psi', chi_C, Upsilon) production provides a sensitive probe
of gluon distributions and their modification in nuclei; and is a leading probe
of the hot-dense (deconfined) matter created in high-energy collisions of heavy
ions. We will discuss the physics of quarkonia production in the context of
recent p+p measurements at PHENIX. We next discuss Cold-Nuclear Matter (CNM)
effects as seen in our measurements in $d+Au$ collisions - both for intrinsic
physics such as gluon saturation and final-state dissociation, and as a
baseline for studies in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Then we review the latest
nucleus-nucleus results in the light of the expected CNM effects, and discuss
two leading scenarios for the observed suppression patterns. Finally we show
the latest data from PHENIX, including new d+Au data from the 2007-2008 run;
and then look into the future.


  We develop a procedure for the complete computational enumeration of lattice
$3$-polytopes of width larger than one, up to any given number of lattice
points. We also implement an algorithm for doing this and enumerate those with
at most eleven lattice points (there are 216,453 of them).
  In order to achieve this we prove that if $P$ is a lattice 3-polytope of
width larger than one and with at least seven lattice points then it fits in
one of three categories that we call boxed, spiked and merged.
  Boxed polytopes have at most 11 lattice points; in particular they are
finitely many, and we enumerate them completely with computer help. Spiked
polytopes are infinitely many but admit a quite precise description (and
enumeration). Merged polytopes are computed as a union (merging) of two
polytopes of width larger than one and strictly smaller number of lattice
points.