  We prove an $\varepsilon$-regularity result for a wide class of parabolic
systems $$ u_t-\text{div}\big(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u) = B(u, \nabla u) $$
with the right hand side $B$ growing like $|\nabla u|^p$. It is assumed that
the solution $u(t,\cdot)$ is uniformly small in the space of functions of
bounded mean oscillation. The crucial tool is provided by a sharp nonlinear
version of the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality which has been used earlier in an
elliptic context by T. Rivi\`ere and the last named author.


  Assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis, we prove quantitative estimates
for the number of simple zeros on the critical line for the L-functions
attached to classical holomorphic newforms.


  In this paper we study the theory of cleft extensions for a weak bialgebra H.
Among other results, we determine when two unitary crossed products of an
algebra A by H are equivalent and we prove that if H is a weak Hopf algebra,
then the categories of H-cleft extensions of an algebra A, and of unitary
crossed products of A by H, are equivalent.


  NiCo2O4 of varying nanostrucutures ranging from nanowires, nanoplates to
nano-plates@nanowires were successfully grown on microporous (MP) Ni foams via
one-step hydrothermal process. The investigation of electrochemical capacitance
favors Ni-Co2O4 of nanoplates@nanowires microstructures which possesses
specific capacitance of 1380.3 F/g and 1033F/g at 5A/g and 50A/g respectively
and 86.7% capacitance re-tention after 5000 cycles at 30A/g. The relationship
between morphology and specific capacitance was further explored by the model
of surface roughness factor (RF), which is indicative of the active
electrode-electrolyte interface areas. The RF of porous Ni@NiCo2O4 was
remarkably improved by employing hierarchically porous (HP) Ni monoliths as
substrates, which illustrates the model of high energy density (12.6 F/cm2)
electrodes for super-capacitors.


  We consider a spacetime foam model of the Schwarzschild horizon, where the
horizon consists of Planck size black holes. According to our model the entropy
of the Schwarzschild black hole is proportional to the area of its event
horizon. It is possible to express geometrical arguments to the effect that the
constant of proportionality is, in natural units, equal to one quarter.


  Motivated by recent interest for multi-agent systems and smart power grid
architectures, we discuss the synchronization problem for the network-reduced
model of a power system with non-trivial transfer conductances. Our key insight
is to exploit the relationship between the power network model and a
first-order model of coupled oscillators. Assuming overdamped generators
(possibly due to local excitation controllers), a singular perturbation
analysis shows the equivalence between the classic swing equations and a
non-uniform Kuramoto model. Here, non-uniform Kuramoto oscillators are
characterized by multiple time constants, non-homogeneous coupling, and
non-uniform phase shifts. Extending methods from transient stability,
synchronization theory, and consensus protocols, we establish sufficient
conditions for synchronization of non-uniform Kuramoto oscillators. These
conditions reduce to and improve upon previously-available tests for the
standard Kuramoto model. Combining our singular perturbation and Kuramoto
analyses, we derive concise and purely algebraic conditions that relate
synchronization and transient stability of a power network to the underlying
system parameters and initial conditions.


  Nisan showed in 1991 that the width of a smallest noncommutative
single-(source,sink) algebraic branching program (ABP) to compute a
noncommutative polynomial is given by the ranks of specific matrices. This
means that the set of noncommutative polynomials with ABP width complexity at
most $k$ is Zariski-closed, an important property in geometric complexity
theory. It follows that approximations cannot help to reduce the required ABP
width.
  It was mentioned by Forbes that this result would probably break when going
from single-(source,sink) ABPs to trace ABPs. We prove that this is correct.
Moreover, we study the commutative monotone setting and prove a result similar
to Nisan, but concerning the analytic closure. We observe the same behavior
here: The set of polynomials with ABP width complexity at most $k$ is closed
for single-(source,sink) ABPs and not closed for trace ABPs. The proofs reveal
an intriguing connection between tangent spaces and the vector space of flows
on the ABP. We close with additional observations on VQP and the closure of VNP
which allows us to establish a separation between the two classes.


  Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) upgrade ordinary GPs through functional
composition, in which intermediate GP layers warp the original inputs,
providing flexibility to model non-stationary dynamics. Two DGP regimes have
emerged in recent literature. A "big data" regime, prevalent in machine
learning, favors approximate, optimization-based inference for fast,
high-fidelity prediction. A "small data" regime, preferred for computer
surrogate modeling, deploys posterior integration for enhanced uncertainty
quantification (UQ). We aim to bridge this gap by expanding the capabilities of
Bayesian DGP posterior inference through the incorporation of the Vecchia
approximation, allowing linear computational scaling without compromising
accuracy or UQ. We are motivated by surrogate modeling of simulation campaigns
with upwards of 100,000 runs - a size too large for previous fully-Bayesian
implementations - and demonstrate prediction and UQ superior to that of "big
data" competitors. All methods are implemented in the "deepgp" package on CRAN.


  During the motion of a binary pulsar around the Galactic center, the pulsar
and its companion experience a wind of dark-matter particles that can affect
the orbital motion through dynamical friction. We show that this effect
produces a characteristic seasonal modulation of the orbit and causes a secular
change of the orbital period whose magnitude can be well within the astonishing
precision of various binary-pulsar observations. Our analysis is valid for
binary systems with orbital period longer than a day. By comparing this effect
with pulsar-timing measurements, it is possible to derive model-independent
upper bounds on the dark-matter density at different distances $D$ from the
Galactic center. For example, the precision timing of J1713+0747 imposes
$\rho_{\rm DM}\lesssim 10^5\,{\rm GeV/cm}^3$ at $D\approx7\,{\rm kpc}$. The
detection of a binary pulsar at $D\lesssim 10\,{\rm pc}$ could provide
stringent constraints on dark-matter halo profiles and on growth models of the
central black hole. The Square Kilometer Array can improve current bounds by 2
orders of magnitude, potentially constraining the local density of dark matter
to unprecedented levels.


  In this paper we show that the dissipative version of the laser model
proposed by Alli and Sewell can be obtained by considering the stochastic limit
of the (open system) hamiltonian introduced by Hepp and Lieb in their seminal
work. We also prove that the Dicke-Haken-Lax hamiltonian produces, after the
stochastic limit is considered, the generator of a semigroup with equations of
motion very similar to those of Alli-Sewell, and coinciding with these under
suitable conditions.


  We consider inflationary scenarios for FRLW supersymetric models with a
scalar field, whose Wheeler-DeWitt equation has analytic solutions. Following
previous work of the authors, we analyse the setting of the scalar field as
clock, leading to an effective time dependent wave function, and a time
dependent mean value of the scale factor. We study several superpotentials,
which lead to an evolution that corresponds to consistent inflationary
scenarios.


  Recent studies have attracted intense attention on the quasi-2D kagome
superconductors $ A\text{V}_3\text{Sb}_5 $ ($ A = $ K, Rb, and Cs) where the
unexpected chiral flux phase (CFP) associates with the spontaneous
time-reversal symmetry breaking in charge density wave (CDW) states. Here,
commencing from the 2-by-2 CDW phases, we bridge the gap between topological
superconductivity (TSC) and time-reversal asymmetric CFP in kagome systems.
Several chiral TSC states featuring distinct Chern numbers emerge for an s-wave
or a d-wave superconducting pairing symmetry. Importantly, these CFP-based TSC
phases possess unique gapless edge modes with mixed chiralities (i.e., both
positive and negative chiralities), but with the net chiralities consistent
with the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Chern numbers. We further study the transport
properties of a two-terminal junction, using Chern insulator or normal metal
leads via atomic Green's function method with Landauer-B\"uttiker formalism. In
both cases, the normal electron tunneling and the crossed Andreev reflection
oscillate as the chemical potential changes, but together contribute to plateau
transmissions (1 and 3/2, respectively). These behaviors can be regarded as the
signature of a topological superconductor hosting edge states with mixed
chiralities.


  The Kugel-Khomskii model, the simplest model for orbital degenerate magnetic
insulators, exhibits a zero temperature degeneracy in the classical limit which
could cause genuine quantum disorder. Khaliullin and Oudovenko [Phys. Rev. B
56, R14 243 (1997)] suggested recently that instead a particular classical
state could be stabilized by quantum fluctuations. Here we compare their
approach with standard random phase approximation and show that it strongly
underestimates the strength of the quantum fluctuations, shedding doubts on the
survival of any classical state.


  Let $\Lambda$ be a cluster-tilted algebra of finite type over an
algebraically closed field and $B$ be one of the associated tilted algebras. We
show that the $B$-modules, ordered form right to left in the Auslander-Reiten
quiver of $\Lambda$ form a maximal forward hom-orthogonal sequence of
$\Lambda$-modules whose dimension vectors form the $c$-vectors of a maximal
green sequence for $\Lambda$. Thus we give a proof of Igusa-Todorov's
conjecture.


  There has been significant recent work which examines a situation where a
thin magnetic layer is `draped' over a core merging into a larger cluster; the
same process also appears to be at work at a bubble rising from the cluster
centre. Such a thin magnetic layer could thermally isolate the core from the
cluster medium, but only if the same shear process which generates the layer
does not later disrupt it. On the other hand, if the magnetized layer can
stabilize against the shear instabilities, then the magnetic layer can have the
additional dynamical effect of reducing the shear-driven mixing of the core's
material during the merger process. These arguments could equally well to
underdense cluster bubbles, which would be even more prone to disruption. While
it is well known that magnetic fields can suppress instabilities, it is less
clear that a thin layer can suppress instabilities on scales significantly
larger than its thickness. Here we consider the stability imparted by a thin
magnetized layer. Such a layer can have a significant stabilizing effect even
on modes with wavelengths much larger than the thickness of the layer l; to
stabilize modes ten times larger requires only that the Alfv\'en speed in the
magnetized layer is comparable to the relevant destabilizing velocity -- the
shear velocity in the case of pure Kelvin-Helmholtz like instability, or a
typical buoyancy velocity in the case of pure Rayleigh-Taylor. We confirm our
calculations with two-dimensional numerical experiments using the Athena code.


  Full probability models are critical for the statistical modeling of complex
networks, and yet there are few general, flexible and widely applicable
generative methods. We propose a new family of probability models motivated by
the idea of network growth, which we call the Latent Order Logistic (LOLOG)
model. LOLOG is a fully general framework capable of describing any probability
distribution over graph configurations, though not all distributions are easily
expressible or estimable as a LOLOG. We develop inferential procedures based on
Monte Carlo Method of Moments, Generalized Method of Moments and variational
inference. To show the flexibility of the model framework, we show how
so-called scale-free networks can be modeled as LOLOGs via preferential
attachment. The advantages of LOLOG in terms of avoidance of degeneracy, ease
of sampling, and model flexibility are illustrated. Connections with the
popular Exponential-family Random Graph model (ERGM) are also explored, and we
find that they are identical in the case of dyadic independence. Finally, we
apply the model to a social network of collaboration within a corporate law
firm, a friendship network among adolescent students, and the friendship
relations in an online social network.


  This paper examines a pair of bent functions on $\mathbb{Z}_2^{2m}$ and their
relationship to a necessary condition for the existence of an automorphism of
an edge-coloured graph whose colours are defined by the properties of a
canonical basis for the real representation of the Clifford algebra
$\mathbb{R}_{m,m}.$ Some other necessary conditions are also briefly examined.


  Protocols for tasks such as authentication, electronic voting, and secure
multiparty computation ensure desirable security properties if agents follow
their prescribed programs. However, if some agents deviate from their
prescribed programs and a security property is violated, it is important to
hold agents accountable by determining which deviations actually caused the
violation. Motivated by these applications, we initiate a formal study of
program actions as actual causes. Specifically, we define in an interacting
program model what it means for a set of program actions to be an actual cause
of a violation. We present a sound technique for establishing program actions
as actual causes. We demonstrate the value of this formalism in two ways.
First, we prove that violations of a specific class of safety properties always
have an actual cause. Thus, our definition applies to relevant security
properties. Second, we provide a cause analysis of a representative protocol
designed to address weaknesses in the current public key certification
infrastructure.


  We present a screened exact-exchange (SXX) method for the efficient and
accurate calculation of the optical properties of solids, where the screening
is achieved through the zero-wavevector limit of the inverse dielectric
function. The SXX approach can be viewed as a simplification of the
Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) or, in the context of time-dependent
density-functional theory, as a first step towards a new class of hybrid
functionals for the optical properties of solids. SXX performs well for bound
excitons and continuum spectra in both small-gap semiconductors and large-gap
insulators, with a computational cost much lower than that of the BSE.


  We show that tensor products of semiample vector bundles are semiample. For
k-ampleness in the sens of Sommese, we show that over compact complex manifolds
tensor products of semiample and k-ample vector bundles are k-ample, and the
sum of k-ample vector bundles is k-ample. In particular results of Sommese on
k-ampleness are strenghtened.


  This paper describes a new set of block source codes well suited for data
compression. These codes are defined by sets of productions rules of the form
a.l->b, where a in A represents a value from the source alphabet A and l, b are
-small- sequences of bits. These codes naturally encompass other Variable
Length Codes (VLCs) such as Huffman codes. It is shown that these codes may
have a similar or even a shorter mean description length than Huffman codes for
the same encoding and decoding complexity. A first code design method allowing
to preserve the lexicographic order in the bit domain is described. The
corresponding codes have the same mean description length (mdl) as Huffman
codes from which they are constructed. Therefore, they outperform from a
compression point of view the Hu-Tucker codes designed to offer the
lexicographic property in the bit domain. A second construction method allows
to obtain codes such that the marginal bit probability converges to 0.5 as the
sequence length increases and this is achieved even if the probability
distribution function is not known by the encoder.


  This paper presents a study of the metaphorism pattern of relational
specification, showing how it can be refined into recursive programs.
Metaphorisms express input-output relationships which preserve relevant
information while at the same time some intended optimization takes place. Text
processing, sorting, representation changers, etc., are examples of
metaphorisms. The kind of metaphorism refinement studied in this paper is a
strategy known as change of virtual data structure. By framing metaphorisms in
the class of (inductive) regular relations, sufficient conditions are given for
such implementations to be calculated using relation algebra. The strategy is
illustrated with examples including the derivation of the quicksort and
mergesort algorithms, showing what they have in common and what makes them
different from the very start of development.


  Recent experiments have reported a novel splay nematic phase, which has
alternating domains of positive and negative splay. To model this phase,
previous studies have considered a 1D splay modulation of the director field,
accompanied by a 1D modulation of polar order. When the flexoelectric coupling
between splay and polar order becomes sufficiently strong, the uniform nematic
state becomes unstable to the formation of a modulated phase. Here, we
re-examine this theory in terms of a new approach to liquid crystal elasticity,
which shows that pure splay deformation is double splay rather than planar
single splay. Following that reasoning, we propose a structure with a 2D splay
modulation of the director field, accompanied by a 2D modulation of polar
order, and show that the 2D structure generally has a lower free energy than
the 1D structure.


  The Finsleroid--induced scalar product, and hence the angle, proves to remain
unchanged under the Finsleroid--type parallel transportation of involved
vectors in the Landsberg case. The two--vector extension of the Finsleroid
metric tensor is proposed.


  Recent deep learning based video synthesis approaches, in particular with
applications that can forge identities such as "DeepFake", have raised great
security concerns. Therefore, corresponding deep forensic methods are proposed
to tackle this problem. However, existing methods are either based on
unexplainable deep networks which greatly degrades the principal
interpretability factor to media forensic, or rely on fragile image statistics
such as noise pattern, which in real-world scenarios can be easily deteriorated
by data compression. In this paper, we propose an fully-interpretable video
forensic method that is designed specifically to expose deep-faked videos. To
enhance generalizability on videos with various content, we model the temporal
motion of multiple specific spatial locations in the videos to extract a robust
and reliable representation, called Co-Motion Pattern. Such kind of conjoint
pattern is mined across local motion features which is independent of the video
contents so that the instance-wise variation can also be largely alleviated.
More importantly, our proposed co-motion pattern possesses both superior
interpretability and sufficient robustness against data compression for
deep-faked videos. We conduct extensive experiments to empirically demonstrate
the superiority and effectiveness of our approach under both classification and
anomaly detection evaluation settings against the state-of-the-art deep
forensic methods.


  We describe here some recent progress pertaining to the Serre Intersection
Multiplicity Conjecture. In particular, we show that if A is an unramified
regular local ring, then just as in the equicharacteristic case, the
intersection multiplicity of two complimentary-dimensional modules is bounded
below by the product of their Hilbert-Samuel multiplicities. We also explain,
in terms of the blowup of Spec(A) at the closed point, the geometric
significance of achieving this lower bound.


  Omni-resonance refers to the broadening of the spectral transmission through
a planar cavity, not by changing the cavity structure, but by judiciously
preconditioning the incident optical field. As such, broadband imaging can be
performed through such a cavity with all the wavelengths simultaneously
resonating. We examine here the spatial resolution of omni-resonant imaging and
find that the spectral linewidth of the cavity resonance determines the spatial
resolution. Surprisingly, the spatial resolution improves at longer wavelengths
because of the negative angular dispersion intrinsic to Fabry-Perot resonances,
in contrast to conventional diffraction-limited optical imaging systems where
the spatial resolution improves at shorter wavelengths. These results are
important for applications ranging from transparent solar windows to nonlinear
resonant image processing.


  In this notes, we will give an exposition of some results on the method of
partial conjugation action. We first discuss the partial conjugation action of
a parabolic subgroup of a Coxeter group. We then discuss some applications to
Lusztig's $G$-stable pieces and its affine generalization. We also discuss some
recent work on the $\s$-conjugacy classes of loop groups and affine
Deligne-Lusztig varieties.


  The death of a biological population is an extreme event which we investigate
here for a host-parasitoid system. Our simulations using the Penna ageing model
show how biological evolution can ``teach'' the parasitoids to avoid extinction
by waiting for the right age of the host. We also show the dependence of
extinction time on the population size.


  Current global warming is causing significant changes in snowfall in polar
regions, directly impacting the mass balance of the ice caps. The only water
supply in Antarctica, precipitation, is poorly estimated from surface
measurements. The onboard cloud-profiling radar of the CloudSat satellite
provided the first real opportunity to estimate precipitation at continental
scale. Based on CloudSat observations, we propose to explore the vertical
structure of precipitation in Antarctica over the 2007-2010 period. A first
division of this dataset following a topographical approach (continent versus
peripheral regions, with a 2250m topographical criterion) shows a high
precipitation rate (275mm/yr at 1200meters above ground level) with low
relative seasonal variation (+/-11%) over the peripheral areas. Over the
plateau, the precipitation rate is low (34mm/yr at 1200m.a.g.l.) with a much
larger relative seasonal variation (+/-143%). A second study that follows a
geographical division highlights the average vertical structure of
precipitation and temperature depending on the regions and their interactions
with topography. In particular, over ice-shelves, we see a strong dependence of
the distribution of precipitation on the sea-ice coverage. Finally, the
relationship between precipitation and temperature is analyzed and compared
with a simple analytical relationship. This study highlights that precipitation
is largely dependent on the advection of air masses along the topographic
slopes with an average vertical wind of 0.02m/s. This provides new diagnostics
to evaluate climate models with a three-dimensional approach of the atmospheric
structure of precipitation.


  Heavy quarks are effective probes to study the properties of the quark-gluon
plasma (QGP) produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this
contribution, the latest results on open heavy-flavour production in pp and
Pb-Pb collisions measured by the ALICE Collaboration will be discussed.
Measurements of open heavy-flavour production in Pb-Pb collisions allow for
testing the mechanisms of heavy-quark transport and energy loss in the medium.
In addition, measurements of the elliptic ($v_{2}$) and triangular ($v_{3}$)
flow coefficients of heavy-flavour particles give insights into the
participation of heavy quarks in the collective motion of the medium, the
path-length dependence of their in-medium energy loss, and recombination
effects during the hadronisation. Finally, the directed flow ($v_{1}$) of open
heavy-flavour particles is sensitive to the unprecedentedly strong magnetic
fields present in the early stages of the collision, and so measurements of its
charge dependence are key to constraining the electrical conductivity of the
QGP. In small hadronic systems like pp, open heavy-flavour production provides
the baseline for the investigation of hot-medium effects in heavy-ion
collisions, as well as tests of perturbative quantum chromodynamic
calculations.


  We study the acceleration and radiation of charged particles in the shock
waves of supernova remnants using a recent version of the "box model".
According to this, particles are accelerated in an energy-dependent region
around the shock by the first order Fermi mechanism and lose energy through
radiation. The particle distribution function is obtained from a spatially
averaged kinetic equation that treats the energy losses self-consistently.
There exists also a second population that consists of those particles that
escape behind the shock where they also radiate. The energy distribution of
this population is calculated in a similar manner. The application of the model
to the supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946, which was recently confirmed as a TeV
source by H.E.S.S., shows that the X-ray emission can be attributed to electron
synchrotron radiation while in gamma-rays there are contributions from both
electrons and protons, with protons playing the dominant role. Additionally,
there are strong indications that particles diffuse in turbulence that has a
Kolmogorov spectrum.


  The rise in the use of the arXiv preprint server (astro-ph) over the past
decade has led to a major shift in the way astronomical research is
disseminated. Schwarz & Kennicutt (2004) recently found that Astrophysical
Journal papers posted to astro-ph are cited roughly twice as often as papers
that are not posted, suggesting that the preprint server has become the primary
resource for many astronomers to keep up with the literature. I describe a
simple method to determine the adoption rate and citation impact of astro-ph
over time for any journal using NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS). I use
the ADS to document the rise in the adoption of astro-ph for three major
astronomy journals, and to conduct a broad survey of the citation impact of
astro-ph in 13 different journals. I find that the factor of two boost in
citations for astro-ph papers is a common feature across most of the major
astronomy journals.


  Braided deformations of (symmetric) monoidal categories are related to
Vassiliev theory by a direct generalization of well-known results relating
"quantum" knot invariants to Vassiliev invariants. The deformation theory of
braidings is subsumed by the deformation theory of monoidal functors, which
proves surprisingly rich: the deformation complex of a monoidal functor has the
same structure as the deformation complex of an algebra, including a pre-Lie
structure, from which it is see that the problem of deforming monoidal functors
(including braidings) is purely cohomological in nature.


  Despite its popularity, deep neural networks are easily fooled. To alleviate
this deficiency, researchers are actively developing new training strategies,
which encourage models that are robust to small input perturbations. Several
successful robust training methods have been proposed. However, many of them
rely on strong adversaries, which can be prohibitively expensive to generate
when the input dimension is high and the model structure is complicated. We
adopt a new perspective on robustness and propose a novel training algorithm
that allows a more effective use of adversaries. Our method improves the model
robustness at each local ball centered around an adversary and then, by
combining these local balls through a global term, achieves overall robustness.
We demonstrate that, by maximizing the use of adversaries via focusing on local
balls, we achieve high robust accuracy with weak adversaries. Specifically, our
method reaches a similar robust accuracy level to the state of the art
approaches trained on strong adversaries on MNIST, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100. As a
result, the overall training time is reduced. Furthermore, when trained with
strong adversaries, our method matches with the current state of the art on
MNIST and outperforms them on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100.


  In this paper, we study open-closed string field theory in the background
B-field in the so-called alpha=p^{+} formulation. The string field theory in
the infrared gives noncommutative gauge theory in the open string sector. Since
this theory includes closed string fields as dynamical variables, we can obtain
another string field theory in the same background through the condensation of
closed string fields, whose low-energy effective action does not show the
noncommutativity of spacetime. Although we have two string field theories in
the same background, we show that these theories are equivalent. In fact, we
give the unitary transformation from string fields in one of them to string
fields in the other.


  We apply hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) to investigate the
electronic structures in ~50-nm thick epitaxial GaP layers grown on Si(001)
under different conditions. Depth profiles of the local binding energies for
the core levels are obtained by measuring the photoemission spectra at
different incident photon energies between 3 and 7 keV and analyzing them with
simple numerical models. The obtained depth profiles are in quantitative
agreement with the band bending determinations for the same samples in a
previous coherent phonon spectroscopic study. Our results demonstrate the
applicability of the HAXPES with varying incident photon energy to characterize
the electric potential profiles at buried semiconductor heterointerfaces.


  In this paper, we study the local multiplicity of 10 strongly tempered
spherical varieties. We will formulate a uniform epsilon dichotomy conjecture
for all these models regarding the unique distinguished element in tempered
$L$-packets. Then we will prove this conjecture in many cases, including all
the Archimedean cases.


  We theoretically demonstrate that 100\% valley-polarized transport in
monolayers of MoS$_{2}$ and other group-VI dichalcogenides can be obtained
using off-resonant circularly polarized light. By tuning the intensity of the
off-resonant light the intrinsic band gap in one valley is reduced, while it is
enhanced in the other valley, enabling single valley quantum transport. As a
consequence, we predict (i) enhancement of the longitudinal electrical
conductivity, accompanied by an increase in the spin-polarization of the
flowing electrons, (ii) enhancement of the intrinsic spin Hall effect, together
with a reduction of the intrinsic valley Hall effect, and (iii) enhancement of
the orbital magnetic moment and orbital magnetization. These mechanisms provide
appealing opportunities to the design of nanoelectronics based on
dichalcogenides.


  We investigate self-dual modules and their Hilbert functions. We generalize
Iarrobino's decomposition to this setup and deduce consequences for their local
Hilbert functions. We classify the local Hilbert functions for small degree
modules. We prove a generalization of Kunte's criterion for self-duality in
terms of Macaulay's inverse systems.


  Document network embedding aims at learning representations for a structured
text corpus i.e. when documents are linked to each other. Recent algorithms
extend network embedding approaches by incorporating the text content
associated with the nodes in their formulations. In most cases, it is hard to
interpret the learned representations. Moreover, little importance is given to
the generalization to new documents that are not observed within the network.
In this paper, we propose an interpretable and inductive document network
embedding method. We introduce a novel mechanism, the Topic-Word Attention
(TWA), that generates document representations based on the interplay between
word and topic representations. We train these word and topic vectors through
our general model, Inductive Document Network Embedding (IDNE), by leveraging
the connections in the document network. Quantitative evaluations show that our
approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on various networks and we
qualitatively show that our model produces meaningful and interpretable
representations of the words, topics and documents.


  We calculate the nuclear modification factor for RHIC and LHC conditions
accounting for the radiative and collisional parton energy loss with the
running coupling constant.We find that the RHIC data can be explained both in
the scenario with the chemically equilibrium quark-gluon plasma and purely
gluonic plasma with slightly different thermal suppression of the coupling
constant. The role of the parton energy gain due to gluon absorption is also
investigated. Our results show that the energy gain gives negligible effect.


  As the chiral symmetry is widely recognized as an important driver of the
strong interaction dynamics, current strange stars models based on MIT bag
models do not obey such symmetry. We investigate properties of bare strange
stars using the Cloudy Bag Model, in which a pion cloud coupled to the
quark-confining bag is introduced such that chiral symmetry is conserved. We
find that in this model the decay of pions is a very efficient cooling way. In
fact it can carry out most the thermal energy in a few milliseconds and
directly convert them into 100MeV photons via pion decay. This may be a very
efficient $\gamma$-ray burst mechanism. Furthermore, the cooling behavior may
provide a possible way to distinguish a compact object between a neutron star,
MIT strange star and Cloudy Bag strange star in observations.


  We study N <= 2 superconformal and supersymmetric theories on Lorentzian
threemanifolds with a view toward holographic applications, in particular to
BPS black hole solutions. As in the Euclidean case, preserved supersymmetry for
asymptotically locally AdS solutions implies the existence of a (charged)
"conformal Killing spinor" on the boundary. We find that such spinors exist
whenever there is a conformal Killing vector which is null or timelike. We
match these results with expectations from supersymmetric four-dimensional
asymptotically AdS black holes. In particular, BPS bulk solutions in global AdS
are known to fall in two classes, depending on their graviphoton magnetic
charge, and we reproduce this dichotomy from the boundary perspective. We
finish by sketching a proposal to find the dual superconformal quantum
mechanics on the horizon of the magnetic black holes.


  We consider the superconducting phase in a moving superconductor and show
that it depends on the displacement flux. Generalized constitutive relations
between the phase of a superconducting interference device (SQUID) and the
position of the oscillating loop are then established. In particular, we show
that the Josephson current and voltage depend on both the SQUID position and
velocity. The two proposed relativistic corrections to the Josephson relations
come from the macroscopic displacement of a quantum condensate according to the
(non-inertial) Galilean covariance of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation, and the
kinematic displacement of the quasi-classical interfering path. In particular,
we propose an alternative demonstration for the London rotating superconductor
effect (also known as the London momentum) using the covariance properties of
the Schr\"{o}dinger equation. As an illustration, we show how these
electromotive effects can induce self-sustained oscillations of a torsional
SQUID, when the entire loop oscillates due to an applied dc-current.


  Rapidly rotating convection-driven dynamos are investigated under different
kinematic and magnetic boundary conditions using DNS. At a fixed rotation rate,
represented by the Ekman number $E=5\times10^{-7}$, the thermal forcing is
varied from 2 to 20 times its value at the onset of convection
($\mathcal{R}=Ra/Ra_c=2-20$), keeping the fluid properties constant
($Pr=Pr_m=1$). The statistical behavior, force balance and heat transport
characteristics of the dynamos depend on boundary conditions that dictate both
boundary layer and the interior dynamics. At a fixed thermal forcing
($\mathcal{R}=3$), the Ekman plumes in the presence of viscous boundary layers
lead to energetic vortices that result in higher enstrophy and kinetic helicity
with no-slip boundaries compared to free-slip boundaries. The structure and
strength of the magnetic field are also dictated by the boundary conditions.
Though the leading order force balance remains geostrophic, Lorentz force
dominates inside the thermal boundary layer with no-slip, electrically
conducting walls. Here, the Lorentz work term in the turbulent kinetic energy
budget is found to have components that exchange energy from the velocity field
to the magnetic field, and vice-versa. However, with no-slip, insulated walls,
all Lorentz work components perform unidirectional energy transfer to produce
magnetic energy from the kinetic energy of the fluid. The heat transfer
enhancement in dynamos, compared to non-magnetic rotating convection, exhibits
a peak in the range $\mathcal{R}=3-5$. For free-slip conditions, dynamo action
may alter the heat transport by suppressing the formation of large-scale
vortices. However, the highest heat transfer enhancement occurs when the
boundaries are no-slip, electrically conducting walls.


  We consider 3 types of processes pertinent to the phenomenology of an H
di-baryon: conversion of two $\Lambda$'s in a doubly-strange hypernucleus to an
H, decay of the H to two baryons, and -- if the H is light enough -- conversion
of two nucleons in a nucleus to an H. We compute the spatial wavefunction
overlap using the Isgur-Karl and Bethe-Goldstone wavefunctions, and treat the
weak interactions phenomenologically. The observation of $\Lambda$ decays from
doubly-strange hypernuclei puts a constraint on the H wavefunction which is
plausibly satisfied. In this case the H is very long-lived as we calculate. An
absolutely stable H is not excluded at present. SuperK can provide valuable
limits.


  We derive the nucleon-nucleon interaction from the Skyrme model using second
order perturbation theory and the dipole approximation to skyrmion dynamics.
Unlike previous derivations, our derivation accounts for the non-trivial
kinetic and potential parts of the skyrmion-skyrmion interaction lagrangian and
how they couple in the quantum calculation. We derive the eight low energy
interaction potentials and compare them with the phenomenological Paris model,
finding qualitative agreement in seven cases.


  The work is devoted to the investigation of properties of water vapor. The
main attention is focused on the physical nature of its effective
polarizability and heat capacity at constant volume. We show that the specific
temperature dependencies of these characteristics are mainly caused by thermal
vibration excitations of water dimers. In connection with this we determine
normal coordinates for the dimer vibrations. We investigate fluctuations of the
dipole moments of dimers in details and consider their contributions to the
dielectric permittivity of the water vapor. We also took into account the
contribution of the interparticle interactions on the heat capacity. Analyzing
the behavior of the effective polarizability and heat capacity we defined the
temperature dependence of the dimer concentration on the coexistence
vapor-liquid curve. The noticeable dimerization in the saturated water vapor
takes place only for temperatures T/Tc > 0.8 (Tc is the critical temperature).
It is important to note that the successful reproduction of the effective
polarizability and heat capacity can serve good test for the correct
description of the dimer concentration in different approaches.


  The recent observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be used to
constrain violations of Lorentz invariance emerging from a quantum theory of
gravity. We perform threshold and Cherenkov analyses that improve existing
bounds by factors ranging from about a million to 10^{20}.


  Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography (USWE) with conventional B-mode imaging
demonstrates better performance in lesion segmentation and classification
problems. In this article, we propose SHEAR-net, an end-to-end deep neural
network, to reconstruct USWE images from tracked tissue displacement data at
different time instants induced by a single acoustic radiation force (ARF) with
100% or 50% of the energy in conventional use. The SHEAR-net consists of a
localizer called the S-net to first localize the lesion location and then uses
recurrent layers to extract temporal correlations from wave patterns using
different time frames, and finally, with an estimator, it reconstructs the
shear modulus image from the concatenated outputs of S-net and recurrent
layers. The network is trained with 800 simulation and a limited number of CIRS
tissue mimicking phantom data and is optimized using a multi-task learning loss
function where the tasks are: inclusion localization and modulus estimation.
The efficacy of the proposed SHEAR-net is extensively evaluated both
qualitatively and quantitatively on 125 test set of motion data obtained from
simulation and CIRS phantoms. We show that the proposed approach consistently
outperforms the current state-of-the-art method and achieves overall 4-5 dB
improvement in PSNR and SNR. In addition, an average gain of 0.15 in DSC and
SSIM values indicate that the SHEAR-net has a better inclusion coverage area
and structural similarity of the two approaches. The proposed real-time deep
learning based technique can accurately estimate shear modulus for a minimum
tissue displacement of 0.5$\mu$m and image multiple inclusions with a single
push ARF.


  Parity games have been broadly studied in recent years for their applications
to controller synthesis and verification. In practice, partial solvers for
parity games that execute in polynomial time, while incomplete, can solve most
games in publicly available benchmark suites. In this paper, we combine those
partial solvers with the classical recursive algorithm for parity games due to
Zielonka. We also extend partial solvers to generalized parity games that are
games with conjunction of parity objectives. We have implemented those
algorithms and evaluated them on a large set of benchmarks proposed in the last
LTL synthesis competition.


  We propose a $\lambda$-calculus-style formal language, called the
$\mu$-syntax, as a lightweight representation of the structure of cyclic
operads. We illustrate the rewriting methods behind the formalism by giving a
complete step-by-step proof of the equivalence between the unbiased and biased
definitions of cyclic operads.


  Message brokers often mediate communication between data producers and
consumers by adding variable-sized messages to ordered distributed queues. Our
goal is to determine the number of consumers and consumer-partition assignments
needed to ensure that the rate of data consumption keeps up with the rate of
data production. We model the problem as a variable item size bin packing
problem. As the rate of production varies, new consumer-partition assignments
are computed, which may require rebalancing a partition from one consumer to
another. While rebalancing a queue, the data being produced into the queue is
not read leading to additional latency costs. As such, we focus on the
multi-objective optimization cost of minimizing both the number of consumers
and queue migrations. We present a variety of algorithms and compare them to
established bin packing heuristics for this application. Comparing our proposed
consumer group assignment strategy with Kafka's, a commonly employed strategy,
our strategy presents a 90th percentile latency of 4.52s compared to Kafka's
217s with both using the same amount of consumers. Kafka's assignment strategy
only improved the consumer group's performance with regards to latency with
configurations that used at least 60% more resources than our approach.


  We consider the experimental predictions of two {\em one-parameter} no-scale
$SU(5)\times U(1)$ supergravity models with string-inspired moduli and dilaton
seeds of supersymmetry breaking. These predictions have been considerably
sharpened with the new information on the top-quark mass from the Tevatron, and
the actual measurement of the $B(b\to s\gamma)$ branching ratio from CLEO. In
particular, the sign of the Higgs mixing parameter $\mu$ is fixed. A more
precise measurement of the top-quark mass above (below) $\approx160\GeV$ would
disfavor the dilaton (moduli) scenario. Similarly a measurement of the lightest
Higgs-boson mass above 90 GeV (below 100 GeV) would disfavor the dilaton
(moduli) scenario. At the Tevatron with $100\ipb$, the reach into parameter
space is significant only in the dilaton scenario ($m_{\chi^\pm_1}\lsim80\GeV$)
via the trilepton and top-squark signals. At LEPII the dilaton scenario could
be probed up the kinematical limit via chargino and top-squark pair production,
and the discovery of the lightest Higgs boson is guaranteed. In the moduli
scenario only selectron pair production looks promising. We also calculate the
supersymmetric contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.


  Ferromagnetism (FM) is the cornerstone of permanent magnets, data storage and
other technologies that directly impact our everyday life by their
implementation in standard applications and devices. When downscaling bulk
materials into their two-dimensional (2D) magnetic isotropic form, the
Mermin-Wagner theorem precludes this collective state mediated by short-range
exchange interactions at finite temperatures. Interestingly, this prediction
fails when significant magnetic anisotropy is present in the material, as
recently demonstrated in single layered van der Waals crystals. Before the
latter, single layer metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) grown on metallic supports
were one of the earliest candidates for achieving 2D-FM. Such high expectations
were based on the chemical and spacing control of the 2D-MOF magnetic centers,
the tunability of the organic linkers and the rich self-assembled architectures
displayed. However, despite many attempts, extended FM in 2D-MOFs has been
experimentally elusive. In this work, we demonstrate that extended, cooperative
FM takes place in an atom thick 2D-MOF consisting of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene
(DCA) molecules and Fe adatoms grown on Au(111). We show this by means of an
experimental multitechnique approach that is endorsed by state-of-the art
first-principles calculations. Particularly, this 2D ferromagnet follows a
first order transition with TC ~ 35 K, which is driven by exchange interactions
mainly through the molecular linkers (J=2 meV) and exhibits an out-of-plane
square-like hysteresis loop. The strict periodicity of our 2D-MOF allows us to
envision the fabrication of ultra-dense single atom magnetic memories and opens
the way to explore periodic magnetic 2D-models that could considerably increase
the fundamental superparamagnetic limit.


  In this paper, we propose using curvatures in digital space for 3D object
analysis and recognition. Since direct adjacency has only six types of digital
surface points in local configurations, it is easy to determine and classify
the discrete curvatures for every point on the boundary of a 3D object. Unlike
the boundary simplicial decomposition (triangulation), the curvature can take
any real value. It sometimes makes difficulties to find a right value for
threshold. This paper focuses on the global properties of categorizing
curvatures for small regions. We use both digital Gaussian curvatures and
digital mean curvatures to 3D shapes. This paper proposes a multi-scale method
for 3D object analysis and a vector method for 3D similarity classification. We
use these methods for face recognition and shape classification. We have found
that the Gaussian curvatures mainly describe the global features and average
characteristics such as the five regions of a human face. However, mean
curvatures can be used to find local features and extreme points such as nose
in 3D facial data.


  We consider the problem of time-to-space conversion in quantum field theory
of flavor mixing using a generalization of the wave-packet method in quantum
mechanics. We work entirely within the canonical formalism of creation and
annihilation operators that allows us, unlike the usual wave-packet
formulation, to include the nontrivial effect due to flavor condensation in the
vacuum.


  There are a number of candidate sources that are considered to be responsible
for the origin of the EGRET source 3EG J1746--2851 (Hartman et al. 1999). The
lack of clear identification of this source with any known sources in this
region is due to the complexity and the richness of the environment of the
Galactic center as well as the low spatial resolution of the EGRET
observations. Four hypotheses, which include the interaction of something with
something else, are described to account for the energetics and the spectrum of
the $\gamma$-ray emission from the enigmatic EGRET source which lies within
0.2$^0$ of the Galactic center. The possible interaction sites result from the
following: i) the nonthermal filaments of the radio Arc & G0.13-0.13 molecular
cloud, ii) the supernova remnant Sgr A East & the 50 km s$^{-1}$ molecular
cloud, iii) the magnetized filaments of the Arc & M0.20-0.033 molecular cloud
and iv) the relativistic particles of the Arches cluster & its own stellar
radiations field.


  The photon creation and annihilation operators are cornerstones of the
quantum description of the electromagnetic field. They signify the isomorphism
of the optical Hilbert space to that of the harmonic oscillator and the bosonic
nature of photons. We perform complete experimental characterization (quantum
process tomography) of these operators. By measuring their effect on coherent
states, we obtain their process tensor in the Fock basis, which explicitly
shows the "raising" and "lowering" properties of these operators with respect
to photon number states. This is the first experimental demonstration of
complete tomography of non-deterministic quantum processes.


  We consider the infinite-horizon LQR control problem. Motivated by
competitive analysis in online learning, as a criterion for controller design
we introduce the dynamic regret, defined as the difference between the LQR cost
of a causal controller (that has only access to past disturbances) and the LQR
cost of the \emph{unique} clairvoyant one (that has also access to future
disturbances) that is known to dominate all other controllers. The regret
itself is a function of the disturbances, and we propose to find a causal
controller that minimizes the worst-case regret over all bounded energy
disturbances. The resulting controller has the interpretation of guaranteeing
the smallest regret compared to the best non-causal controller that can see the
future. We derive explicit formulas for the optimal regret and for the
regret-optimal controller for the state-space setting. These explicit solutions
are obtained by showing that the regret-optimal control problem can be reduced
to a Nehari extension problem that can be solved explicitly. The regret-optimal
controller is shown to be linear and can be expressed as the sum of the
classical $H_2$ state-feedback law and an $n$-th order controller ($n$ is the
state dimension), and its construction simply requires a solution to the
standard LQR Riccati equation and two Lyapunov equations. Simulations over a
range of plants demonstrate that the regret-optimal controller interpolates
nicely between the $H_2$ and the $H_\infty$ optimal controllers, and generally
has $H_2$ and $H_\infty$ costs that are simultaneously close to their optimal
values. The regret-optimal controller thus presents itself as a viable option
for control systems design.


  In a world of hardening borders, nations may deprive themselves of enjoying
the benefits of cooperative immigrants. Here, we analyze the effect of
efficient cooperative immigrants on a population playing public goods games. We
considered a population structured on a square lattice with individuals playing
public goods games with their neighbors. The demographics are determined by
stochastic birth, death, and migration. The strategies spread through imitation
dynamics. Our model shows that cooperation among natives can emerge due to
social contagion of good role-model agents that can provide better quality
public goods. Only a small fraction of efficient cooperators, among immigrants,
is enough to trigger cooperation across the native population. We see that
native cooperation achieves its peak at moderate values of immigration rate.
Such efficient immigrant cooperators act as nucleation centers for the growth
of cooperative clusters, that eventually dominate defection.


  The tensor complementarity problem $(\q, \mathcal{A})$ is to
  $$\mbox{ find } \x \in \mathbb{R}^n\mbox{ such that }\x \geq \0, \q +
\mathcal{A}\x^{m-1} \geq \0, \mbox{ and }\x^\top (\q + \mathcal{A}\x^{m-1}) =
0.$$ We prove that a real tensor $\mathcal{A}$ is a (strictly) semi-positive
tensor if and only if the tensor complementarity problem $(\q, \mathcal{A})$
has a unique solution for $\q>\0$ ($\q\geq\0$), and a symmetric real tensor is
a (strictly) semi-positive tensor if and only if it is (strictly) copositive.
That is, for a strictly copositive symmetric tensor $\mathcal{A}$, the tensor
complementarity problem $(\q, \mathcal{A})$ has a solution for all $\q \in
\mathbb{R}^n$.


  We analyze the relationship between the bound and the free waves in the
noncollinear SHG scheme, along with the vectorial conservation law for the
different components arising when there are two pump beams impinging on the
sample with two different incidence angles. The generated power is
systematically investigated, by varying the polarization state of both
fundamental beams, while absorption is included via the Herman and Hayden
correction terms. The theoretical simulations, obtained for samples which are
some coherence length thick show that the resulting polarization mapping is an
useful tool to put in evidence the interference between bound and free waves,
as well as the effect of absorption on the interference pattern


  Let $p$ be an idempotent ultrafilter over $\mathbb{N}$. For a positive
integer $N$, let ${\cal P}_{\leq N}$ denote the additive group of polynomials
$P\in\mathbb{Z}[x]$ with ${\rm deg}\, P\leq N$ and $P(0)=0$. Given a unitary
operator $U$ on a Hilbert space ${\cal H}$, we prove, for each $N\geq1$, the
existence of a unique decomposition ${\cal H}=\bigoplus_{r\geq 1}{\cal
H}^{(N)}_r$ into closed, $U$-invariant subspaces such that
  (a) for any polynomial $P\in{\cal P}_{\leq N}$, we have $$ p\,
\text{-}\!\lim_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \left(U|_{{\cal
H}_r^{(N)}}\right)^{P(n)}=0_{{\cal H}_r^{(N)}}\;\mbox{or}\; Id_{{\cal
H}_r^{(N)}},\; \mbox{for each}\; r\geq1 ; $$ (b) for each $r\neq s$ there
exists $Q\in{\cal P}_{\leq N}$ such that $$ p\,\text{-}\!\lim_{n\in\mathbb{N}}
\left(U|_{{\cal H}_r^{(N)}}\right)^{Q(n)}\neq
p\,\text{-}\!\lim_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \left(U|_{{\cal H}_s^{(N)}}\right)^{Q(n)}.
$$
  In connection with this result we introduce the notion of rigidity group.
Namely, a subgroup $G\subset {\cal P}_{\leq N}$ is called an $N$-rigidity group
if there exist an idempotent ultrafilter $p$ over $\mathbb{N}$ and a unitary
operator $U$ on a Hilbert space $\cal H$ such that $$\label{ab1} G=\{P\in{\cal
P}_{\leq N}:\: p\,\text{-}\!\lim_{n\in\mathbb{N}} U ^{P(n)}=Id\}$$ and
$p\,\text{-}\!\lim_{n\in\mathbb{N}} U ^{Q(n)}=0\;\;\mbox{for each}\;\;Q\in{\cal
P}_{\leq N}\setminus G.$
  The main result of the paper states that a subgroup $G\subset {\cal P}_{\leq
N}$ satisfying $\max\{{\rm deg}\, P:\:P\in G\}=N$ is an $N$-rigidity group if
and only if $G$ has finite index in ${\cal P}_{\leq N}$.


  We present a survey of optical [OI] emission at 6300 \AA\ toward 65 TTauri
stars at the spectral resolution of $\sim7$ km/s. Past work identified a highly
blueshifted velocity component (HVC) tracing microjets, and a less blueshifted
low-velocity-component (LVC) attributed to winds. We focus here on the LVC
kinematics to investigate links between winds, jets, accretion, and disk
dispersal. We track the behavior of four types of LVC components: a broad and
narrow component ("BC" and "NC") in LVCs that are decomposed into two
Gaussians, which typically have an HVC, and the single-Gaussian LVC profiles
separated into those that have an HVC ("SCJ") and those that do not ("SC"). LVC
centroid velocities and line widths correlate with HVC equivalent width and
accretion luminosity, suggesting that LVC/winds and HVC/jets are kinematically
linked and connected to accretion. The deprojected HVC velocity correlates with
accretion luminosity, showing that faster jets come with higher accretion. BC
and NC kinematics correlate and their blueshifts are maximum at $\sim
35^{\circ}$, suggesting a conical wind geometry with this semi-opening angle.
Only SCs include $n_{13-31}$ up to $\sim3$ and their properties correlate with
this infrared index, showing that [OI] emission recedes to larger radii as the
inner dust is depleted, tracing less dense/hot gas and a decrease in wind
velocity. All together, these findings support a scenario where optically
thick, accreting inner disks launch radially-extended MHD disk winds that feed
jets, and where inner disk winds recede to larger radii and jets disappear in
concert with dust depletion.


  In the Fall of 2013, Georgia Tech offered a 'flipped' calculus-based
introductory mechanics class as an alternative to the traditional
large-enrollment lecture class. This class flipped instruction by introducing
new material outside of the classroom through pre-recorded, lecture videos.
Video lectures constituted students' initial introduction to course material.
We analyze how students engaged with online lecture videos via 'clickstream'
data, consisting of time-stamped interactions (plays, pauses, seeks, etc.) with
the online video player. Analysis of these events has shown that students may
be focusing on elements of the video that facilitate a 'correct' solution.


  From the rate of hydrogen ionization and the gamma ray flux, we derived the
spectrum of relativistic and subrelativistic cosmic rays (CRs) nearby and
inside the molecular cloud Sgr B2 near the Galactic Center (GC). We studied two
cases of CR propagation in molecular clouds: free propagation and scattering of
particles by magnetic fluctuations excited by the neutral gas turbulence. We
showed that in the latter case CR propagation inside the cloud can be described
as diffusion with the coefficient $\sim 3\times 10^{27}$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$. For
the case of hydrogen ionization by subrelativistic protons, we showed that
their spectrum outside the cloud is quite hard with the spectral index
$\delta>-1$. The energy density of subrelativistic protons ($>50$ eV cm$^{-3}$)
is one order of magnitude higher than that of relativistic CRs. These protons
generate the 6.4 keV emission from Sgr B2, which was about 30\% of the flux
observed by Suzaku in 2013. Future observations for the period after 2013 may
discover the background flux generated by subrelativistic CRs in Sgr B2.
Alternatively hydrogen ionization of the molecular gas in Sgr B2 may be caused
by high energy electrons. We showed that the spectrum of electron
bremsstrahlung is harder than the observed continuum from Sgr B2, and in
principle this X-ray component provided by electrons could be seen from the
INTEGRAL data as a stationary high energy excess above the observed spectrum
$E_x^{-2}$.


  Several arguments given in arXiv:1912.12316 suggest that braneworld effective
models with fields strictly localized on $\delta$-like branes cannot be
UV-completed by a fundamental theory including gravity, i.e. they belong to the
Swampland. It is concluded that one should instead only consider models with
quasilocalized zero-modes of higher-dimensional fields. In this comment, the
arguments are critically reviewed, and various loopholes are proposed. Beyond
that, the main point that is discussed is the notion of effective brane form
factors, which are required when the singular behavior of the branes is
softened in the UV-completion.


  Differential cross sections for the production of at least four jets have
been measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV at the Large
Hadron Collider using the ATLAS detector. Events are selected if the four
anti-$k_{t}$ R=0.4 jets with the largest transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) within
the rapidity range $|y|<2.8$ are well separated ($dR^{\rm min}_{4j}>0.65$), all
have $p_{T}>64$ GeV, and include at least one jet with $p_{T} >100$ GeV. The
dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 $fb^{-1}$. The cross
sections, corrected for detector effects, are compared to leading-order and
next-to-leading-order calculations as a function of the jet momenta, invariant
masses, minimum and maximum opening angles and other kinematic variables.


  We introduce F-IVM, a unified incremental view maintenance (IVM) approach for
a variety of tasks, including gradient computation for learning linear
regression models over joins, matrix chain multiplication, and factorized
evaluation of conjunctive queries.
  F-IVM is a higher-order IVM algorithm that reduces the maintenance of the
given task to the maintenance of a hierarchy of increasingly simpler views. The
views are functions mapping keys, which are tuples of input data values, to
payloads, which are elements from a task-specific ring. Whereas the computation
over the keys is the same for all tasks, the computation over the payloads
depends on the task. F-IVM achieves efficiency by factorizing the computation
of the keys, payloads, and updates.
  We implemented F-IVM as an extension of DBToaster. We show in a range of
scenarios that it can outperform classical first-order IVM, DBToaster's fully
recursive higher-order IVM, and plain recomputation by orders of magnitude
while using less memory.


  In this mostly expository note, we explain a proof of Tate's two conjectures
[Tat65] for algebraic cycles of arbitrary codimension on certain products of
elliptic curves and abelian surfaces over number fields.


  Efficient and precise classification of histological cell nuclei is of utmost
importance due to its potential applications in the field of medical image
analysis. It would facilitate the medical practitioners to better understand
and explore various factors for cancer treatment. The classification of
histological cell nuclei is a challenging task due to the cellular
heterogeneity. This paper proposes an efficient Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) based architecture for classification of histological routine colon
cancer nuclei named as RCCNet. The main objective of this network is to keep
the CNN model as simple as possible. The proposed RCCNet model consists of only
1,512,868 learnable parameters which are significantly less compared to the
popular CNN models such as AlexNet, CIFARVGG, GoogLeNet, and WRN. The
experiments are conducted over publicly available routine colon cancer
histological dataset "CRCHistoPhenotypes". The results of the proposed RCCNet
model are compared with five state-of-the-art CNN models in terms of the
accuracy, weighted average F1 score and training time. The proposed method has
achieved a classification accuracy of 80.61% and 0.7887 weighted average F1
score. The proposed RCCNet is more efficient and generalized terms of the
training time and data over-fitting, respectively.


  Let $k,n \geq 2$ be integers. A generalized Fermat curve of type $(k,n)$ is a
compact Riemann surface $S$ that admits a subgroup of conformal automorphisms
$H \leq \mbox{Aut}(S)$ isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_k^n$, such that the quotient
surface $S/H$ is biholomorphic to the Riemann sphere $\hat{\mathbb{C}}$ and has
$n+1$ branch points, each one of order $k$. There exists a good algebraic model
for these objects, which makes them easier to study. Using tools from algebraic
topology and integration theory on Riemann surfaces, we find a set of
generators for the first homology group of a generalized Fermat curve. Finally,
with this information, we find a set of generators for the period lattice of
the associated Jacobian variety.


  Spin-orbit corrections to superexchange are calculated using the method of
Moriya [T.\ Moriya, {\it Phys.\ Rev.}~{\bf 120} 91, (1960)] for two of the
insulating parent compounds of the cuprate superconductors: (1)
La$_{2-x}$Nd$_x$CuO$_4$ where the CuO$_6$ octahedra forming each Cu-O layer are
tilted in staggered fashion about an axis which depends on $x$ and temperature;
and (2) YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ ($x \alt 0.4$) where the Cu-O layers form
CuO$_2$-Y-CuO$_2$ bilayers in which the in-plane O$^{2-}$ ions are displaced
uniformly towards the Y$^{3+}$ layer. For (1) a simple formula is derived for
the weak ferromagnetic moment in each Cu-O layer as a function of the tilting
axis and magnitude. For (2) it is shown that the anisotropic corrections to
superexchange are different from what has previously been assumed. For the
correct spin Hamiltonian a classical N\'eel state in which the Cu spins are
lying in the plane is unstable in a single Cu-O layer, but when a bilayer is
considered there is a critical value of the interlayer exchange coupling which
stabilizes this state. For both cases (1) and (2) spin-wave spectra are
calculated and shown to compare favorably with experiment.


  The Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) is unusual in astronomy as
the atmosphere actually forms an intrinsic part of the detector system, with
telescopes indirectly detecting very high energy particles by the generation
and transport of Cherenkov photons deep within the atmosphere. This means that
accurate measurement, characterisation and monitoring of the atmosphere is at
the very heart of successfully operating an IACT system. The Cherenkov
Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation IACT observatory with an
ambitious aim to improve the sensitivity of an order of magnitude over current
facilities, along with corresponding improvements in angular and energy
resolution and extended energy coverage, through an array of Large (23m),
Medium (12m) and Small (4m) sized telescopes spread over an area of order
~km$^2$. Whole sky coverage will be achieved by operating at two sites: one in
the northern hemisphere and one in the southern hemisphere. This proceedings
will cover the characterisation of the candidate sites and the atmospheric
calibration strategy. CTA will utilise a suite of instrumentation and analysis
techniques for atmospheric modelling and monitoring regarding pointing
forecasts, intelligent pointing selection for the observatory operations and
for offline data correction.


  This article informally presents a solution to the paradoxes of truth and
shows how the solution solves classical paradoxes (such as the original Liar)
as well as the paradoxes that were invented as counterarguments for various
proposed solutions (the revenge of the Liar). This solution complements the
classical procedure of determining the truth values of sentences by its own
failure and, when the procedure fails, through an appropriate semantic shift
allows us to express the failure in a classical two-valued language. Formally
speaking, the solution is a language with one meaning of symbols and two
valuations of the truth values of sentences. The primary valuation is a
classical valuation that is partial in the presence of the truth predicate. It
enables us to determine the classical truth value of a sentence or leads to the
failure of that determination. The language with the primary valuation is
precisely the largest intrinsic fixed point of the strong Kleene three-valued
semantics (LIFPSK3). The semantic shift that allows us to express the failure
of the primary valuation is precisely the classical closure of LIFPSK3: it
extends LIFPSK3 to a classical language in parts where LIFPSK3 is undetermined.
Thus, this article provides an argumentation, which has not been present in
contemporary debates so far, for the choice of LIFPSK3 and its classical
closure as the right model for the truth predicate. In the end, an erroneous
critique of Kripke-Feferman axiomatic theory of truth, which is present in
contemporary literature, is pointed out.


  Twisting and bending deformations are crucial to the biological functions of
microfilaments such as DNA molecules. Although continuum-rod models have
emerged as efficient tools to describe the nonlinear dynamics of these
deformations, a major roadblock in the continuum-mechanics-based description of
microfilaments is the accurate modeling of the constitutive law, which follows
from its atomistic structure and bond-stiffnesses. Since first-principle
derivation of the constitutive law from atomistic structure is impractical and
so are direct experimental measurements due to the small length-scales, a
natural alternative is to estimate the constitutive law from discrete-structure
simulations such as molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. In this paper, we
present a two-step inverse method for estimating the constitutive law using rod
theory and data generated from discrete-structure simulations. We illustrate
the method on a filament with an artificial and simplistic discrete-structure.
We simulate its deformation in response to a prescribed loading using a
multi-body dynamics (MBD) solver. Using data generated from the MBD solver, we
first estimate the curvature of the filament and subsequently use it in the
two-step method to estimate the effective constitutive-law relationship between
the restoring moment and curvature. Finally, we also illustrate how the
estimated constitutive law can be tested under independent loading conditions.


  In recent years, promising statistical modeling approaches to tensor data
analysis have been rapidly developed. Traditional multivariate analysis tools,
such as multivariate regression and discriminant analysis, are generalized from
modeling random vectors and matrices to higher-order random tensors. One of the
biggest challenges to statistical tensor models is the non-Gaussian nature of
many real-world data. Unfortunately, existing approaches are either restricted
to normality or implicitly using least squares type objective functions that
are computationally efficient but sensitive to data contamination. Motivated by
this, we adopt a simple tensor t-distribution that is, unlike the commonly used
matrix t-distributions, compatible with tensor operators and reshaping of the
data. We study the tensor response regression with tensor t-error, and develop
penalized likelihood-based estimation and a novel one-step estimation. We study
the asymptotic relative efficiency of various estimators and establish the
one-step estimator's oracle properties and near-optimal asymptotic efficiency.
We further propose a high-dimensional modification to the one-step estimation
procedure and show that it attains the minimax optimal rate in estimation.
Numerical studies show the excellent performance of the one-step estimator.


  Diffuse, non-thermal emission in galaxy clusters is increasingly being
detected in low-frequency radio surveys and images. We present a new diffuse,
steep-spectrum, non-thermal radio source within the cluster Abell 1127 found in
survey data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). We perform follow-up
observations with the 'extended' configuration MWA Phase II with improved
resolution to better resolve the source and measure its low-frequency spectral
properties. We use archival Very Large Array S-band data to remove the discrete
source contribution from the MWA data, and from a power law model fit we find a
spectral index of $-1.83\pm0.29$ broadly consistent with relic-type sources.
The source is revealed by the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 150 MHz
to have an elongated morphology, with a projected linear size of 850 kpc as
measured in the MWA data. Using Chandra observations we derive morphological
estimators and confirm quantitatively that the cluster is in a disturbed
dynamical state, consistent with the majority of phoenices and relics being
hosted by merging clusters. We discuss the implications of relying on
morphology and low-resolution imaging alone for the classification of such
sources and highlight the usefulness of the MHz to GHz radio spectrum in
classifying these types of emission. Finally, we discuss the benefits and
limitations of using the MWA Phase II in conjunction with other instruments for
detailed studies of diffuse, steep-spectrum, non-thermal radio emission within
galaxy clusters.


  We analyze the equations of relativistic magnetized plasma dynamics in the
limiting case that electromagnetic stress-energy is dominant over pressure and
rest mass energy density. The naive formulation of these equations is shown to
be not hyperbolic. Modifying the equations by terms that vanish for all
physical solutions, we obtain a symmetric hyperbolic evolution system, which
should exhibit improved numerical behavior.


  Siegel's action is generalized to the D=2(p+1) (p even) dimensional
space-time. The investigation of self-duality of chiral p-forms is extended to
the momentum frame, using Siegel's action of chiral bosons in two space-time
dimensions and its generalization in higher dimensions as examples. The whole
procedure of investigation is realized in the momentum space which relates to
the configuration space through the Fourier transformation of fields. These
actions correspond to non-local Lagrangians in the momentum frame. The
self-duality of them with respect to dualization of chiral fields is uncovered.
The relationship between two self-dual tensors in momentum space, whose similar
form appears in configuration space, plays an important role in the
calculation, that is, its application realizes solving algebraically an
integral equation.


  In the classical literature on infinite series there are various tests to
determine if a given infinite series converges, diverges, or oscillates. But
unfortunately, for very many infinite series all the existing tests can fail to
provide definitive answers. In this article we propose a novel Bayesian theory
for assessment of convergence properties of any given infinite series.
Remarkably, this theory attempts to provide conclusive answers to the question
of convergence even where all the existing tests of convergence fail. We apply
our ideas to seven different examples, obtaining very encouraging results.
Importantly, we also apply our ideas to investigate the Riemann Hypothesis, and
obtain results that do not completely support the conjecture.
  We also extend our ideas to develop a Bayesian theory on oscillating series,
where we allow even infinite number of limit points. Analysis of Riemann
Hypothesis using Bayesian multiple limit points theory yielded almost identical
results as the Bayesian theory of convergence assessment.


  Even though sunlight is by far the most abundant renewable energy source
available to humanity, its dilute and variable nature has kept efficient ways
to collect, store, and distribute this energy tantalisingly out of reach.
Turning the incoherent energy supply provided by the Sun into a coherent laser
beam would overcome several of the practical limitations inherent in using
sunlight as a source of clean energy: laser beams travel nearly losslessly over
large distances, and they are effective at driving chemical reactions which
convert sunlight into chemical energy. Here we propose a bio-inspired blueprint
for a novel type of laser with the aim of upgrading unconcentrated natural
sunlight into a coherent laser beam. Our proposed design constitutes a novel
and different path towards sunlight-pumped lasers. In order to achieve lasing
with the extremely dilute power provided by natural sunlight, we here propose a
laser medium comprised of molecular aggregates inspired by the architecture of
natural photosynthetic complexes. Such complexes exhibit a very large internal
efficiency in harvesting photons from a power source as dilute as natural
sunlight. Specifically, we consider a hybrid structure, where photosynthetic
complexes in purple bacteria (Rhodobacter sphaeroides) surround a suitably
engineered molecular dimer composed of two strongly coupled chromophores. We
show that if pumped by the surrounding photosynthetic complex, which
efficiently collects and concentrates solar energy, the core dimer structure
can reach population inversion, and reach the lasing threshold under natural
sunlight. The design principles proposed here will also pave the way for
developing other bio-inspired quantum devices.


  Notions of core, support and inversion of a soft set have been defined and
studied. Soft approximations are soft sets developed through core and support,
and are used for granulating the soft space. Membership structure of a soft set
has been probed in and many interesting properties presented. The mathematical
apparatus developed so far in this paper yields a detailed analysis of two
works viz. [N. Cagman, S. Enginoglu, Soft set theory and uni-int decision
making, European Jr. of Operational Research (article in press, available
online 12 May 2010)] and [N. Cagman, S. Enginoglu, Soft matrix theory and its
decision making, Computers and Mathematics with Applications 59 (2010) 3308 -
3314.]. We prove (Theorem 8.1) that uni-int method of Cagman is equivalent to a
core-support expression which is computationally far less expansive than
uni-int. This also highlights some shortcomings in Cagman's uni-int method and
thus motivates us to improve the method. We first suggest an improvement in
uni-int method and then present a new conjecture to solve the optimum choice
problem given by Cagman and Enginoglu. Our Example 8.6 presents a case where
the optimum choice is intuitively clear yet both uni-int methods (Cagman's and
our improved one) give wrong answer but the new conjecture solves the problem
correctly.


  We are interested in understanding whether retrieval-based localization
approaches are good enough in the context of self-driving vehicles. Towards
this goal, we introduce Pit30M, a new image and LiDAR dataset with over 30
million frames, which is 10 to 100 times larger than those used in previous
work. Pit30M is captured under diverse conditions (i.e., season, weather, time
of the day, traffic), and provides accurate localization ground truth. We also
automatically annotate our dataset with historical weather and astronomical
data, as well as with image and LiDAR semantic segmentation as a proxy measure
for occlusion. We benchmark multiple existing methods for image and LiDAR
retrieval and, in the process, introduce a simple, yet effective convolutional
network-based LiDAR retrieval method that is competitive with the state of the
art. Our work provides, for the first time, a benchmark for sub-metre
retrieval-based localization at city scale. The dataset, its Python SDK, as
well as more information about the sensors, calibration, and metadata, are
available on the project website: https://pit30m.github.io/


  We present a simulation-based cosmological analysis using a combination of
Gaussian and non-Gaussian statistics of the weak lensing mass (convergence)
maps from the first three years (Y3) of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We
implement: 1) second and third moments; 2) wavelet phase harmonics; 3) the
scattering transform. Our analysis is fully based on simulations, spans a space
of seven $\nu w$CDM cosmological parameters, and forward models the most
relevant sources of systematics inherent in the data: masks, noise variations,
clustering of the sources, intrinsic alignments, and shear and redshift
calibration. We implement a neural network compression of the summary
statistics, and we estimate the parameter posteriors using a simulation-based
inference approach. Including and combining different non-Gaussian statistics
is a powerful tool that strongly improves constraints over Gaussian statistics
(in our case, the second moments); in particular, the Figure of Merit
$\textrm{FoM}(S_8, \Omega_{\textrm{m}})$ is improved by 70 percent
($\Lambda$CDM) and 90 percent ($w$CDM). When all the summary statistics are
combined, we achieve a 2 percent constraint on the amplitude of fluctuations
parameter $S_8 \equiv \sigma_8 (\Omega_{\textrm{m}}/0.3)^{0.5}$, obtaining $S_8
= 0.794 \pm 0.017$ ($\Lambda$CDM) and $S_8 = 0.817 \pm 0.021$ ($w$CDM). The
constraints from different statistics are shown to be internally consistent
(with a $p$-value>0.1 for all combinations of statistics examined). We compare
our results to other weak lensing results from the DES Y3 data, finding good
consistency; we also compare with results from external datasets, such as
\planck{} constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background, finding statistical
agreement, with discrepancies no greater than $<2.2\sigma$.


  Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) is a powerful astrophysical probe. Not only is it
ubiquitous at high redshifts, it is also a resonant line, making Ly$\alpha$
photons scatter. This scattering process depends on the physical conditions of
the gas through which Ly$\alpha$ propagates, and these conditions are imprinted
on observables such as the Ly$\alpha$ spectrum and its surface brightness
profile. In this work, we focus on a less-used observable capable of probing
any scattering process: polarization. We implement the density matrix formalism
of polarization into the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code tlac. This allows
us to treat it as a quantum mechanical process where single photons develop and
lose polarization from scatterings in arbitrary gas geometries. We explore
static and expanding ellipsoids, biconical outflows, and clumpy multiphase
media. We find that photons become increasingly polarized as they scatter and
diffuse into the wings of the line profiles, making scattered Ly$\alpha$
polarized in general. The degree and orientation of Ly$\alpha$ polarization
depends on the kinematics and distribution of the scattering HI gas. We find
that it generally probes spatial or velocity space asymmetries and aligns
itself tangentially to the emission source. We show that the mentioned
observables, when studied separately, can leave similar signatures for
different source models. We conclude by revealing how a joint analysis of the
Ly$\alpha$ spectra, surface brightness profiles, and polarization can break
these degeneracies and help us extract unique physical information on galaxies
and their environments from their strongest, most prominent emission line.


  We study the superconducting transition in the attractive Hubbard model in
two dimensions using the self-consistent $T$-matrix approximation. We
demonstrate that for large system sizes, this approximate method produces XY
critical scaling in the correlation length and pair susceptibility. For the
parameters we investigate, the critical regime is quite large, extending beyond
5 times $\TKTB$. We discuss the role of vortex-pair unbinding in the normal
state in the context of pseudogap behaviour and the relevance to the physics of
underdoped cuprates.


  In this paper we study the gauge invariance of the third quantized
super-group field cosmology which is a model for multiverse. Further, we
propose both the nfinitesimal (usual) as well as the finite
superfield-dependent BRST symmetry transformations which leave the effective
theory invariant. The effects of finite superfield-dependent BRST
transformations on the path integral (so-called void functional in the case of
third quantization) are implemented. Within the finite superfield-dependent
BRST formulation, the finite superfield-dependent BRST transformations with
specific parameter switch the void functional from one gauge to another. We
establish this result for the most general gauge with the help of explicit
calculations which holds for all possible sets of gauge choices at both the
classical and the quantum levels.


  We present spectral analysis of $ASCA$ observations of the early-type
galaxies NGC 720 (E4) and NGC 1332 (E7/S0) with emphasis on constraining the
relative contribution to the X-ray emission from hot gas and the integrated
emission from X-ray binaries. Single-temperature spectral models yield poor
fits to the spectrum ($\chi^2_{red}\sim 3$) over the $\sim 0.5 - 5$ keV energy
range. Two-temperature models significantly improve the spectral fits
($\chi^2_{red}\sim 1.5$) and have soft-component temperatures and sub-solar
abundances consistent with previous $ROSAT$ single-temperature models
($T_{soft}\sim 0.6$ keV, abundances $\sim 0.1$) and hard-component temperatures
($T_{hard}\gtrsim 3$ keV) consistent with those expected from a discrete
component. The soft component dominates the emission in both galaxies,
especially in the 0.4 - 2.4 keV band used in previous $ROSAT$ studies.
Combining these spectral results with $ROSAT$ data we updated constraints on
the mass distributions for NGC 720 and NGC 1332. For NGC 720, which yields the
more precise constraints, the ellipticity of the intrinsic shape of the mass is
slightly reduced $(\Delta\epsilon_{mass}\approx 0.05)$ when the discrete
component is added, $\epsilon_{mass}\sim 0.4-0.6$ $(90%)$. The estimates for
the total mass increase with increasing discrete flux, and we find that models
with $F_{hard}/F_{soft}=0.45$, the $2\sigma$ upper limit, have masses that
exceed by $\sim 30% - 50%$ those where $F_{hard}/F_{soft}=0$.


  According to Sumino's idea, a family U(3) gauge symmetry is assumed.
SU(2)$_L$ doublet fields $q_L$ and $\ell_L$ are assigned to {\bf 3} of U(3),
while singlets $u_R$, $d_R$, $e_R$ and $\nu_R$ are assigned to {\bf 3$^*$} of
U(3). Then, current-current interactions with flavor number violations of
$|\Delta N_{f}|=2$ ($N_{f}$ is an individual family number) appear via the
family gauge boson exchanges. Since the gauge symmetry model has inevitably
been brought by Sumino with a specific purpose, the gauge coupling constants
g_f and the gauge boson mass spectrum m_{fij}\equiv m(A_i^j) are not free
parameters. We estimate m_{f11} \sim 10^{0-1} TeV and m_{f12} \sim 10^{1-2}
TeV. As a possible signature of such the flavor number violating interactions,
muonium into antimuonium conversion is discussed together with a rare kaon
decay K^+ \rightarrow \pi^+ + \mu^- +e^+.


  Results are presented on a measurement of the ttbar pair production cross
section in ppbar collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.8 TeV from nine independent decay
channels. The data were collected by the Dzero experiment during the 1992-1996
run of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. A total of 80 candidate events are
observed with an expected background of 38.8 +- 3.3 events. For a top quark
mass of 172.1 GeV/c^2, the measured cross section is 5.69 +- 1.21 (stat) +-
1.04 (sys) pb.


  We study the representation theory of the fundamental group of the complement
of a Hopf link with n twists. A general framework is described to analyze the
$SL_r(C)$-representation varieties of these twisted Hopf links as byproduct of
a combinatorial problem and equivariant Hodge theory. As application, close
formulas of their E-polynomials are provided for ranks 2 and 3, both for the
representation and character varieties.


  Fermi, Pasta and Ulam observed, that the excitation of a low frequency normal
mode in a nonlinear acoustic chain leads to localization in normal mode space
on large time scales. Fast equipartition (and thus complete delocalization) in
the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain is restored if relevant intensive control parameters
exceed certain threshold values. We compare recent results on periodic orbits
(in the localization regime) and resonant normal forms (in a weak
delocalization regime), and relate them to various resonance overlap criteria.
We show that the approaches quantitatively agree in their estimate of the
localization-delocalization threshold. A key ingredient for this transition are
resonances of overtones.


  The magnetic properties of single crystalline EuPtGe$_3$, crystallizing in
the non-centrosymmetric BaNiSn$_3$-type crystal structure, have been studied by
means of magnetisation, electrical resistivity, heat capacity and $^{151}$Eu
M\"ossbauer spectroscopy. The susceptibility and heat capacity data indicate a
magnetic transition at $T_{\rm N}$ = 11\,K. The M\"ossbauer data confirm this
conclusion, but evidence a slight first order character of the transition.
Analysing the magnetisation data using a mean field model with two
antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices allows to explain some aspects of the
magnetic behaviour, and to derive the first and second neighbour exchange
integrals in EuPtGe$_3$.


  Discrete-time quantum walks are considered a counterpart of random walks and
the study for them has been getting attention since around 2000. In this paper,
we focus on a quantum walk which generates a probability distribution splitting
to two parts. The quantum walker with two coin states spreads at points,
represented by integers, and we analyze the chance of finding the walker at
each position after it carries out a unitary evolution a lot of times. The
result is reported as a long-time limit distribution from which one can see an
approximation to the finding probability.


  For an algebraic K3 surface with complex multiplication (CM), algebraic
fibres of the associated twistor space away from the equator are again of CM
type. In this paper, we show that algebraic fibres corresponding to points at
the same altitude of the twistor base $S^2\simeq \mathbb{P}^1_\mathbb{C}$ share
the same CM endomorphism field. Moreover, we determine all the admissible
Picard numbers of the twistor fibres.


  Block-sparse signal recovery without knowledge of block sizes and boundaries,
such as those encountered in multi-antenna mmWave channel models, is a hard
problem for compressed sensing (CS) algorithms. We propose a novel Sparse
Bayesian Learning (SBL) method for block-sparse recovery based on popular CS
based regularizers with the function input variable related to total variation
(TV). Contrary to conventional approaches that impose the regularization on the
signal components, we regularize the SBL hyperparameters. This iterative
TV-regularized SBL algorithm employs a majorization-minimization approach and
reduces each iteration to a convex optimization problem, enabling a flexible
choice of numerical solvers. The numerical results illustrate that the
TV-regularized SBL algorithm is robust to the nature of the block structure and
able to recover signals with both block-patterned and isolated components,
proving useful for various signal recovery systems.


  We prove non-uniqueness and study the behaviour of viscosity solutions of a
class of uniformly elliptic fully nonlinear equations of
Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs type, with quadratic growth in the gradient. The
crucial a priori bound for the solutions is proved through an argument which
uses a boundary growth lemma, and consequences such as boundary "half"-Harnack
inequalities, which are of independent interest. Our results are new even for
linear equations.


  In this work we prove the existence of Fathi's weak KAM solutions for
periodic Lagrangians and give a construction of all of them.


  We measure the low-field Hall resistivity of a magnetically-doped
two-dimensional electron gas as a function of temperature and
electrically-gated carrier density. Comparing these results with the carrier
density extracted from Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations reveals an excess Hall
resistivity that increases with decreasing temperature. This excess Hall
resistivity qualitatively tracks the paramagnetic polarization of the sample,
in analogy to the ferromagnetic anomalous Hall effect. The data are consistent
with skew-scattering of carriers by disorder near the crossover to
localization.


  Transiting planets with radii 2-3 $R_\bigoplus$ are much more numerous than
larger planets. We propose that this drop-off is so abrupt because at $R$
$\sim$ 3 $R_\bigoplus$, base-of-atmosphere pressure is high enough for the
atmosphere to readily dissolve into magma, and this sequestration acts as a
strong brake on further growth. The viability of this idea is demonstrated
using a simple model. Our results support extensive magma-atmosphere
equilibration on sub-Neptunes, with numerous implications for sub-Neptune
formation and atmospheric chemistry.


  In this work, we perform an extensive investigation of two state-of-the-art
(SotA) methods for the task of Entity Alignment in Knowledge Graphs. Therefore,
we first carefully examine the benchmarking process and identify several
shortcomings, which make the results reported in the original works not always
comparable. Furthermore, we suspect that it is a common practice in the
community to make the hyperparameter optimization directly on a test set,
reducing the informative value of reported performance. Thus, we select a
representative sample of benchmarking datasets and describe their properties.
We also examine different initializations for entity representations since they
are a decisive factor for model performance. Furthermore, we use a shared
train/validation/test split for a fair evaluation setting in which we evaluate
all methods on all datasets. In our evaluation, we make several interesting
findings. While we observe that most of the time SotA approaches perform better
than baselines, they have difficulties when the dataset contains noise, which
is the case in most real-life applications. Moreover, we find out in our
ablation study that often different features of SotA methods are crucial for
good performance than previously assumed. The code is available at
https://github.com/mberr/ea-sota-comparison.


  In the same way as the Hilbert Program was a response to the foundational
crisis of mathematics, this article tries to formulate a research program for
the socio-economic sciences. The aim of this contribution is to stimulate
research in order to close serious knowledge gaps in mainstream economics that
the recent financial and economic crisis has revealed. By identifying weak
points of conventional approaches in economics, we identify the scientific
problems which need to be addressed. We expect that solving these questions
will bring scientists in a position to give better decision support and policy
advice. We also indicate, what kinds of insights can be contributed by
scientists from other research fields such as physics, biology, computer and
social science. In order to make a quick progress and gain a systemic
understanding of the whole interconnected socio-economic-environmental system,
using the data, information and computer systems available today and in the
near future, we suggest a multi-disciplinary collaboration as most promising
research approach.


  Algebraic Subspace Clustering (ASC) is a simple and elegant method based on
polynomial fitting and differentiation for clustering noiseless data drawn from
an arbitrary union of subspaces. In practice, however, ASC is limited to
equi-dimensional subspaces because the estimation of the subspace dimension via
algebraic methods is sensitive to noise. This paper proposes a new ASC
algorithm that can handle noisy data drawn from subspaces of arbitrary
dimensions. The key ideas are (1) to construct, at each point, a decreasing
sequence of subspaces containing the subspace passing through that point; (2)
to use the distances from any other point to each subspace in the sequence to
construct a subspace clustering affinity, which is superior to alternative
affinities both in theory and in practice. Experiments on the Hopkins 155
dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method with respect to
sparse and low rank subspace clustering methods.


  We calculate the radial diffusion coefficient for a passive contaminant in an
accretion disc which is turbulent due to the action of the magnetorotational
instability. Numerical MHD simulations are used to follow the evolution of a
local patch of the disc using the shearing box formalism. A separate continuity
equation for the mass fraction of contaminant is integrated along with the MHD
system, and radial profiles of this fraction are obtained as a function of
time. Solutions of a linear diffusion equation are fitted to the numerical
measured profiles of the contaminant, treating the diffusion coefficient D as
the fitting parameter. At early times, the value of D is found to vary, however
once the contaminant is spread over scales comparable to the box size, it
saturates at a steady value. The ratio of D to the transport coefficient of
angular momentum due to shear stress is small. If D can be used as a proxy for
the turbulent magnetic diffusivity, the effective magnetic Prandtl number
P_eff=\nu/D (where \nu is the coefficient of "efective viscosity" associated
with shear stress) would be large.


  We consider the longest common subsequence problem in the context of
subsequences with gap constraints. In particular, following Day et al. 2022, we
consider the setting when the distance (i. e., the gap) between two consecutive
symbols of the subsequence has to be between a lower and an upper bound (which
may depend on the position of those symbols in the subsequence or on the
symbols bordering the gap) as well as the case where the entire subsequence is
found in a bounded range (defined by a single upper bound), considered by
Kosche et al. 2022. In all these cases, we present effcient algorithms for
determining the length of the longest common constrained subsequence between
two given strings.