  Twisted moir\'e superlattices (TMSs) are fascinating materials with exotic
physical properties. Despite tremendous studies on electronic, photonic and
phononic TMSs, it has never been witnessed that TMSs can exhibit higher-order
band topology. Here, we report on the experimental observation of higher-order
topological states in acoustic TMSs. By introducing moir\'e twisting in bilayer
honeycomb lattices of coupled acoustic resonators, we find a regime with
designed interlayer couplings where a sizable band gap with higher-order
topology emerges. This higher-order topological phase host unique topological
edge and corner states, which can be understood via the Wannier centers of the
acoustic Bloch bands below the band gap. We confirm experimentally the
higher-order band topology by characterizing the edge and corner states using
acoustic pump-probe measurements. With complementary theory and experiments,
our study opens a pathway toward band topology in TMSs.


  The classical $k$-means algorithm for partitioning $n$ points in
$\mathbb{R}^d$ into $k$ clusters is one of the most popular and widely spread
clustering methods. The need to respect prescribed lower bounds on the cluster
sizes has been observed in many scientific and business applications.
  In this paper, we present and analyze a generalization of $k$-means that is
capable of handling weighted point sets and prescribed lower and upper bounds
on the cluster sizes. We call it weight-balanced $k$-means. The key difference
to existing models lies in the ability to handle the combination of weighted
point sets with prescribed bounds on the cluster sizes. This imposes the need
to perform partial membership clustering, and leads to significant differences.
  For example, while finite termination of all $k$-means variants for
unweighted point sets is a simple consequence of the existence of only finitely
many partitions of a given set of points, the situation is more involved for
weighted point sets, as there are infinitely many partial membership
clusterings. Using polyhedral theory, we show that the number of iterations of
weight-balanced $k$-means is bounded above by $n^{O(dk)}$, so in particular it
is polynomial for fixed $k$ and $d$. This is similar to the known worst-case
upper bound for classical $k$-means for unweighted point sets and unrestricted
cluster sizes, despite the much more general framework. We conclude with the
discussion of some additional favorable properties of our method.


  The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics
curve (ROC) evaluates the separation between patients and nonpatients or
discrimination. For risk prediction models these risk distributions can be
derived from the population risk distribution so are not independent as in
diagnosis. A ROC curve AUC formula based on the underlying population risk
distribution clarifies how discrimination is defined mathematically and that
generation of the equivalent c-statistic effects a Monte Carlo integration of
the formula. For a selection of continuous risk distributions, exact analytic
formulas or numerical results for the ROC curve AUC and overlap measure are
presented and demonstrate a linear or near-linear dependence on their standard
deviation. The ROC curve AUC is also shown to be highly dependent on the mean
population risk, a distinction from the independence from disease prevalence
for diagnostic tests. The converse of discrimination, overlap, has been
quantified by the overlap measure, which appears to provide equivalent
information. As achieving wider population risk distributions is the goal of
risk prediction modeling for clinical risk stratification, interpreting the ROC
curve AUC as a measure of dispersion, rather than discrimination, when
comparing risk prediction models may be more relevant.


  The channel-to-channel migration of radio interferometric baselines for the
same antenna separation causes a flat spectrum source that should have remained
in the zeroth delay (line-of-sight) mode to become centered around a higher
mode - the geometric delay for that particular antenna separation with a spread
(spill-over) of the order of reciprocal bandwidth. While in principle an
errorless gridding interpolation can remove inter-channel migration,
intra-channel baseline migration exists due to the non-zero width (resolution)
of the instrument's spectral channel arising from the finite-period integration
in a DFT cycle. Here for the first time, we analyze this effect and quantify it
using the case of a flat-spectrum point source. We find that the visibility
undergoes an attenuation, the extent of which depends on the auto-correlation
of the window function used for DFT and is more towards the lower-end of the
band. This causes the spill-over of the delay mode to extend beyond the
reciprocal bandwidth order.


  We use Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope to investigate the
structural and photometric properties of early-type dwarf galaxies and young
stellar systems at the center of the M81 Group. We have mapped resolved stars
to $\sim2$ magnitudes below the tip of the red giant branch over almost 6.5
square degrees, corresponding to a projected area of $160\times160 \rm{kpc}$ at
the distance of M81. The resulting stellar catalogue enables a homogeneous
analysis of the member galaxies with unprecedented sensitivity to low surface
brightness emission. The radial profiles of the dwarf galaxies are
well-described by Sersic and King profiles, and show no obvious signatures of
tidal disruption. The measured radii for most of these systems are larger than
the existing literature values and we find the total luminosity of IKN
($\rm{M_{V,0}}=-14.29$) to be almost 3 magnitudes brighter than
previously-thought. We identify new dwarf satellite candidates, d1006+69 and
d1009+68, which we estimate to lie at a distance of $4.3\pm0.2$ Mpc and
$3.5\pm0.5$ Mpc. With $\rm{M_{V,0}}=-8.91\pm0.40$ and
$\rm{[M/H]}=-1.83\pm0.28$, d1006+69 is one of the faintest and most metal-poor
dwarf satellites currently-known in the M81 Group. The luminosity functions of
young stellar systems in the outlying tidal HI debris imply continuous star
formation in the recent past and the existence of populations as young as 30
Myr old. We find no evidence for old RGB stars coincident with the young
MS/cHeB stars which define these objects, supporting the idea that they are
genuinely new stellar systems resulting from triggered star formation in
gaseous tidal debris.


  In order to identify the pairing symmetry with chirality, we study
site-selective NMR in chiral p-wave superconductors. We calculate local nuclear
relaxation rate 1/T_1 in the vortex lattice state by Eilenberger theory,
including the applied magnetic field dependence. We find that 1/T_1 in the NMR
resonance line shape is different between two chiral states
p_{pm}(=p_x{pm}ip_y), depending on whether the chirality is parallel or
anti-parallel to the vorticity. Anomalous suppression of 1/T_1 occurs around
the vortex core in the chiral p_- wave due to the negative coherence term
coming from the odd-frequency s-wave Cooper pair induced around the vortex with
Majorana state.


  Smart energy management based on the Internet of Things (IoT) aims to achieve
optimal energy utilization through real-time energy monitoring and analyses of
power consumption patterns in IoT networks (e.g., residential homes and
offices) supported by wireless technologies. This is of great significance for
the sustainable development of energy. Energy disaggregation is an important
technology to realize smart energy management, as it can determine the power
consumption of each appliance from the total load (e.g., aggregated data).
Also, it gives us clear insights into users' daily power-consumption-related
behaviours, which can enhance their awareness of power-saving and lead them to
a more sustainable lifestyle. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art
algorithms for energy disaggregation and public datasets of power consumption.
Also, potential use cases for smart energy management based on IoT networks are
presented along with a discussion of open issues for future study.


  Implicit discourse relation recognition (IDRR) is a challenging but crucial
task in discourse analysis. Most existing methods train multiple models to
predict multi-level labels independently, while ignoring the dependence between
hierarchically structured labels. In this paper, we consider multi-level IDRR
as a conditional label sequence generation task and propose a Label
Dependence-aware Sequence Generation Model (LDSGM) for it. Specifically, we
first design a label attentive encoder to learn the global representation of an
input instance and its level-specific contexts, where the label dependence is
integrated to obtain better label embeddings. Then, we employ a label sequence
decoder to output the predicted labels in a top-down manner, where the
predicted higher-level labels are directly used to guide the label prediction
at the current level. We further develop a mutual learning enhanced training
method to exploit the label dependence in a bottomup direction, which is
captured by an auxiliary decoder introduced during training. Experimental
results on the PDTB dataset show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art
performance on multi-level IDRR. We will release our code at
https://github.com/nlpersECJTU/LDSGM.


  We construct generalized polygons (`parking garages') in which the billiard
flow satisfies the Veech dichotomy, although the associated translation surface
obtained from the Zemlyakov-Katok unfolding is not a lattice surface. We also
explain the difficulties in constructing a genuine polygon with these
properties.


  Let H be a torsionfree compact p-adic analytic group whose Lie algebra is
split semisimple. We show that the quotient skewfield of fractions of the
Iwasawa algebra \Lambda_H of H has trivial centre and use this result to
classify the prime c-ideals in the Iwasawa algebra \Lambda_G of G := H \times
\Zp. We also show that a finitely generated torsion \Lambda_G-module having no
non-zero pseudo-null submodule is completely faithful if and only if it is has
no central torsion. This has an application to the study of Selmer groups of
elliptic curves.


  We consider a form of state-dependent drift condition for a general Markov
chain, whereby the chain subsampled at some deterministic time satisfies a
geometric Foster-Lyapunov condition. We present sufficient criteria for such a
drift condition to exist, and use these to partially answer a question posed by
Connor & Kendall (2007) concerning the existence of so-called 'tame' Markov
chains. Furthermore, we show that our 'subsampled drift condition' implies the
existence of finite moments for the return time to a small set.


  This paper introduces a set of finite summation formulas and utilize them to
establish various functional relationships involving the multivariable
Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function. Additionally, the paper examines several examples
of these functional relationships.


  We calculate contributions to the one-loop renormalization in the spinor
sector of the minimal Lorentz-violating extended QED in the second order in
Lorentz-breaking parameters. From the renormalizability viewpoint, we show that
the inclusion of some of the Lorentz-breaking terms in the model is linked to
the presence of others. We also demonstrate that the Ward identities are
satisfied up to this order.


  We calculate moments of the $O(\alpha_s^3)$ heavy flavor contributions to the
  Wilson coefficients of the structure function $F_2(x,Q^2)$ in the region
  $Q^2\gg m^2$. The massive Wilson coefficients are obtained as convolutions of
massive operator matrix elements (OMEs) and the known light flavor Wilson
coefficients. The calculation of moments of the massive OMEs involves a first
independent recalculation of moments of the fermionic contributions to all
3--loop anomalous dimensions of the unpolarized twist--2 local composite
operators stemming from the light--cone expansion. The expressions for the
massive OMEs are now known for general values of the Mellin variable $N$ apart
of one coefficient in the constant term, for which only a series of moments is
computed.


  The aim of the present paper is to provide an \emph{intrinsic} investigation
of special Finsler spaces of $H_{p}$-scalar curvature and of $H_{p}\,$-constant
curvature. Characterizations of such spaces are shown. Sufficient condition for
Finsler space of $H_{p}$-scalar curvature to be of perpendicular scalar
curvature is investigated. Necessary and sufficient condition under which a
Finsler space of scalar curvature turns into a Finsler space of $H_{p}$-scalar
curvature is given. Further, certain conditions under which a Finsler manifolds
of $H_{p}$-scalar curvature and of scalar curvature reduce to a Finsler
manifold of $H_{p}$-constant curvature are obtained. Finally, various examples
are studied and constructed.


  Results of detailed investigations of stability of phases in substances with
the small difference in the energies of the ferroelectric and the
antiferroelectric types of dipole ordering are presented. It is shown that
interaction of locally separated domains of the ferroelectric and
antiferroelectric phases stabilizes a nonuniform state of the samples. The
analysis of physical phenomena caused by the presence of domains of coexisting
ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases in different dipole ordered
substances is presented. The consideration of peculiarities of behavior of
systems with nonuniform state of coexisting phases under the action of changing
external thermodynamic parameters (temperature, pressure, electric field, and
chemical composition) is given.


  The orthoscheme complex of a graded poset is a metrization of its order
complex such that the simplex of each maximal chain is isometric to the
Euclidean simplex of vertices $0, e_1,e_1+e_2,\ldots, e_1+e_2+ \cdots + e_n$.
This notion was introduced by Brady and McCammond in geometric group theory,
and has applications in discrete optimization and submodularity theory. We
address a question of what posets to yield the orthoscheme complex having
CAT(0) property. The orthoscheme complex of a modular lattice is shown to be
CAT(0), and it is conjectured that this is the case for a modular semilattice.
In this paper, we prove this conjecture affirmatively. This result implies that
a larger class of weakly modular graphs yields CAT(0) complexes.


  First, we prove a special case of Knaster's problem, implying that each
symmetric convex body in R^3 admits an inscribed cube. We deduce it from a
theorem in equivariant topology, which says that there is no S_4-equivariant
map from SO(3) to S^2, where S_4 acts on SO(3) as the rotation group of the
cube and on S^2 as the symmetry group of the regular tetrahedron. We also give
some generalizations.
  Second, we show how the above non-existence theorem yields Makeev's
conjecture in R^3 that each set in R^3 of diameter 1 can be covered by a
rhombic dodecahedron, which has distance 1 between its opposite faces. This
reveals an unexpected connection between inscribing cubes into symmetric bodies
and covering sets by rhombic dodecahedra.
  Finally, we point out a possible application of our second theorem to the
Borsuk problem in R^3.
  (Similar results were obtained recently by V.V. Makeev and independently by
G. Kuperberg (cf. math.MG/9809165).)


  The Low-Energy X-ray Polarization Detector (LPD) is one of the payloads in
the POLAR-2 experiment, designed as an external payload for the China Space
Station (CSS) deployment in early 2024. LPD is specifically designed to observe
the polarization of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) prompt emission in the energy range
of 2-10 keV, with a wide field of view (FoV) of 90 degrees in preliminary
design. This observation is achieved using an array of X-ray photoelectric
polarimeters based on gas pixel detectors. Due to the wide FoV configuration,
the in-orbit background count rate in the soft X-ray range is high, while GRBs
themselves also exhibit a high flux in this energy band. In order to assess the
contribution of various background components to the total count rate, we
conducted detailed simulations using the GEANT4 C++ package. Our simulations
encompassed the main interactions within the instrument materials and provided
insights into various background components within the wide FoV scheme. The
simulation results reveal that among the background components, the primary
contributors are the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) and bright X-ray sources.
The total background count rate of LPD, after applying the charged particle
background rejection algorithm, is approximately 0.55 counts/cm^2/s on average,
and it varies with the detector's orbit and pointing direction. Furthermore, we
performed comprehensive simulations and comparative analyses of the CXB and
X-ray bright sources under different FoVs and detector pointings. These
analyses provide valuable insights into the background characteristic for soft
X-ray polarimeter with wide FoV.


  In this work, we study argon abundances in the interstellar medium of
high-redshift galaxies (2<z(abs)<4.2) detected as Damped Lya absorbers (DLA) in
the spectra of background quasars. We use high-resolution quasar spectra
obtained from the ESO-UVES advanced data products (EUADP) database. We present
3 new measurements and 5 upper limits of ArI. We further compiled DLAs/sub-DLA
data from the literature with measurements available of argon and alpha-capture
elements (S or Si), making up a total of 37 systems, i.e. the largest DLA argon
sample investigated so far. We confirm that argon is generally deficient in
DLAs, with a mean value [Ar/alpha]= -0.4+/-0.06dex (standard error of the
mean). The [Ar/alpha] ratios show a weak, positive trend with increasing NHI
and increasing absorption redshift, and a weak, negative trend with dust-free
metallicity, [S/H]. Detailed analysis of the abundance ratios indicates that
ArI ionisation, rather than dust depletion or nucleosynthetic evolution, is
responsible for the argon deficiency. Altogether, the observational evidence is
consistent with a scenario of argon ionisation dominated by quasar metagalactic
radiation modulated by local HI self-shielding inside the DLA host galaxies.
Our measurements and limits of argon abundances suggest that the cosmic
reionisation of HeII is completed above z=3, but more measurements at
z(abs)>3.5 are required to probe the final stages of this process of cosmic
reionisation.


  A VoIP based call has stringent QoS requirements with respect to delay,
jitter, loss, MOS and R-Factor. Various QoS mechanisms implemented to satisfy
these requirements must be adaptive under diverse network scenarios and applied
in proper sequence, otherwise they may conflict with each other. The objective
of this paper is to address the problem of adaptive QoS maintenance and
sequential execution of available QoS implementation mechanisms with respect to
VoIP under varying network conditions. In this paper, we generalize this
problem as state-space problem and solve it. Firstly, we map the problem of QoS
optimization into state-space domain and apply incremental heuristic search. We
implement the proposed algorithm under various network and user scenarios in a
VoIP test-bed for QoS enhancement. Then learning strategy is implemented for
refinement of knowledge base to improve the performance of call quality over
time. Finally, we discuss the advantages and uniqueness of our approach.


  We study quantum coarse-grained entropy and demonstrate that the gap in
entropy between local and global coarse-grainings is a natural generalization
of entanglement entropy to mixed states and multipartite systems. This "quantum
correlation entropy" $S^{\rm QC}$ is additive over independent systems, is
invariant under local unitary operations, measures total nonclassical
correlations (vanishing on states with strictly classical correlation), and
reduces to the entanglement entropy for bipartite pure states. It quantifies
how well a quantum system can be understood via local measurements, and ties
directly to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, including representing a lower
bound on the quantum part of thermodynamic entropy production. We discuss two
other measures of nonclassical correlation to which this entropy is equivalent,
and argue that together they provide a unique thermodynamically distinguished
measure.


  The two-site two-electron Holstein model is studied within a perturbation
method based on a variational phonon basis obtained through the modified
Lang-Firsov (MLF) transformation. The ground-state wave function and the energy
are found out considering up to the seventh and eighth order of perturbation,
respectively. The convergence of the perturbation corrections of different
orders to the ground state energy as well as to different correlation functions
are investigated. The kinetic energy and the correlation functions involving
charge and lattice deformations are studied as a function of electron-phonon
($e$-ph) coupling for different values of adiabaticity parameter and Coulomb
repulsion. The simultaneous effect of the $e$-ph coupling and Coulomb repulsion
on the kinetic energy shows interesting features.


  We study the properties of a quantum dot coupled to a one-dimensional
topological superconductor and a normal lead and discuss the interplay between
Kondo and Majorana-induced couplings in quantum dot. The latter appears due to
the presence of Majorana zero-energy modes localized at the ends of the
one-dimensional superconductor. We investigate the phase diagram of the system
as a function of Kondo and Majorana interactions using a renormalization-group
analysis, a slave-boson mean-field theory and numerical simulations using the
density-matrix renormalization group method. We show that, in addition to the
well-known Kondo fixed point, the system may flow to a new fixed point
controlled by the Majorana-induced coupling which is characterized by
non-trivial correlations between a localized spin on the dot and the fermion
parity of the topological superconductor and normal lead. We compute several
measurable quantities such as differential tunneling conductance and impurity
spin susceptibility which highlight some peculiar features characteristic to
the Majorana fixed point.


  For its physics program with a high-intensity hadron beam of up to 2e7
particles/s, the COMPASS experiment at CERN requires tracking of charged
particles scattered by very small angles with respect to the incident beam
direction. While good resolution in time and space is mandatory, the challenge
is imposed by the high beam intensity, requiring radiation-hard detectors which
add very little material to the beam path in order to minimize secondary
interactions.
  To this end, a set of triple-GEM detectors with a hybrid readout structure
consisting of pixels in the beam region and 2-D strips in the periphery was
designed and built. Successful prototype tests proved the performance of this
new detector type, showing both extraordinary high rate capability and
detection efficiency. The amplitude information allowed to achieve spatial
resolutions about a factor of 10 smaller than the pitch and a time resolution
close to the theoretical limit imposed by the layout.
  The PixelGEM central tracking system consisting of five detectors, slightly
improved with respect to the prototype, was completely installed in the COMPASS
spectrometer in spring 2008.


  We investigated experimentally stably stratified turbulent flows in a lid
driven cavity with a non-zero vertical mean temperature gradient in order to
identify the parameters governing the mean and turbulent flows and to
understand their effects on the momentum and heat transfer. We found that the
mean velocity patterns (e.g., the form and the sizes of the large-scale
circulations) depend strongly on the degree of the temperature stratification.
In the case of strong stable stratification, the strong turbulence region is
located in the vicinity of the main large-scale circulation. We detected the
large-scale nonlinear oscillations in the case of strong stable stratification
which can be interpreted as nonlinear internal gravity waves. The ratio of the
main energy-containing frequencies of these waves in velocity and temperature
fields in the nonlinear stage is about 2. The amplitude of the waves increases
in the region of weak turbulence (near the bottom wall of the cavity), whereby
the vertical mean temperature gradient increases.


  A generalisation of Riemannian geometry is considered, based exclusively on
the minimal assumptions that the line element $ds$ is a regular function of
position and direction and that the distance of every point from itself is
equal to zero. Besides the Riemannian line element, also Riemann's residual
hypotheses of homogeneity and symmetry are dropped. Surprisingly, the
infinitesimal Pythagorean distance formula reemerges, without the need of being
postulated, as a first approximation to $almost$ $every$ geometry that is
invariant with respect to direction reversal. More in general, the first
approximation to $almost$ $every$ geometry is a one-parameter family of
homogeneous Riemann-Randers line elements, naturally providing the geometrical
framework for a unified theory of the classical electromagnetic and
gravitational fileds. Geometry naturally accounts for the hierarchy between
electromagnetic and gravitational interactions, their different
attractive/repulsive nature, electric charge, CPT symmetry, Maxwell and
Einstein equations. Within this framework higher order terms could describe new
spacetime degrees of freedom of possible large-scale relevance.


  We investigate SU(5) and SO(10) GUTs with vanishing scalar masses and
trilinear scalar couplings at a scale higher than the unification scale. The
parameter space of the models, further constrained by b-\tau Yukawa coupling
unification, consists of a common gaugino mass and of \tan\beta. We analyze the
low energy phenomenology, finding that A-pole annihilations of neutralinos
and/or coannihilations with the lightest stau drive the relic density within
the cosmologically preferred range in a significant region of the allowed
parameter space. Implications for neutralino direct detection and for CERN LHC
experiments are also discussed.


  We prove that every dualizable Grothendieck category whose dual is again a
Grothendieck category satisfies Grothendieck's conditions Ab6 and Ab4*, by
taking a module-theoretic approach based on the Gabriel-Popescu embedding.
Combining this with a result by Stefanich, we conclude that the class of
dualizable linear cocomplete categories is precisely the class of linear
Grothendieck category satisfying Ab6 and Ab4*. This provides a complete answer
to a modified conjecture on the dualizability, originally posed by Brandenburg,
Chirvasitu, and Johnson-Freyd.


  Researchers interested in statistically modeling network data have a
well-established and quickly growing set of approaches from which to choose.
Several of these methods have been regularly applied in research on political
networks, while others have yet to permeate the field. Here, we review the most
prominent methods of inferential network analysis---both for cross-sectionally
and longitudinally observed networks including (temporal) exponential random
graph models, latent space models, the quadratic assignment procedure, and
stochastic actor oriented models. For each method, we summarize its analytic
form, identify prominent published applications in political science and
discuss computational considerations. We conclude with a set of guidelines for
selecting a method for a given application.


  We study the thermal properties of the O(N) vector-like scalar theory in the
singlet sector in 2+1 dimensions. This theory is conjectured to be the AdS/CFT
dual of Vasiliev higher spin gravity. We find that a large N transition occurs
but only at a very high temperature of order \sqrt{N}. This corresponds to the
bulk Planck energy. The transition signals a decrease in the number of degrees
of freedom from that expected in the simple higher spin gas, due to relations
among the O(N) bilinear invariants.


  We here describe and present results of a simple neural network that predicts
individual researchers' future citation counts based on a variety of data from
the researchers' past. For publications available on the open access-server
arXiv.org we find a higher predictability than previous studies.


  We discuss the higher Fock state (q \bar q g) contributions to the nonzero
value of the pion GPD at the crossover point x = zeta between the DGLAP and
ERBL regions. Using the phenomenological light-front constituent quark model,
we confirm that the higher Fock state contributions indeed give a nonzero value
of the GPD at the crossover point. Iterating the light-front quark model wave
function of the lowest q \bar q Fock state with the Bethe-Salpeter kernel
corresponding to the one-gluon-exchange, we include all possible time-ordered q
\bar q g Fock state contributions and obtain the pion GPD satisfying necessary
sum rules and continuity conditions.


  We measure the starspot radii and latitude distribution on the K4 dwarf
HAT-P-11 from Kepler short-cadence photometry. We take advantage of starspot
occultations by its highly-misaligned planet to compare the spot size and
latitude distributions to those of sunspots. We find that the spots of HAT-P-11
are distributed in latitude much like sunspots near solar activity maximum,
with mean spot latitude of $16 \pm 1$ degrees. The majority of starspots of
HAT-P-11 have physical sizes that closely resemble the sizes of sunspots at
solar maximum. We estimate the mean spotted area coverage on HAT-P-11 is
$3^{+6}_{-1}\%$, roughly two orders of magnitude greater than the typical solar
spotted area.


  We give the modern derivation of Deser's formula using analytic continuation
of the scattering amplitude as a function of momentum. The electromagnetic
corrections to the pionium lifetime are given as evaluated in a potential
model.


  Complex eigenvalues, resonances, play an important role in large variety of
fields in physics and chemistry. For example, in cold molecular collision
experiments and electron scattering experiments, autoionizing and
pre-dissociative metastable resonances are generated. However, the computation
of complex resonance eigenvalues is difficult, since it requires severe
modifications of standard electronic structure codes and methods. Here we show
how resonance eigenvalues, positions and widths, can be calculated using the
standard, widely used, electronic-structure packages. Our method enables the
calculations of the complex resonance eigenvalues by using analytical
continuation procedures (such as Pad\'{e}). The key point in our approach is
the existence of narrow analytical passages from the real axis to the complex
energy plane. In fact, the existence of these analytical passages relies on
using finite basis sets. These passages become narrower as the basis set
becomes more complete, whereas in the exact limit, these passages to the
complex plane are closed.
  As illustrative numerical examples we calculated the autoionization
resonances of helium, hydrogen anion and hydrogen molecule. We show that our
results are in an excellent agreement with the results obtained by other
theoretical methods and with available experimental results.


  While high-dimensional search-by-similarity techniques reached their maturity
and in overall provide good performance, most of them are unable to cope with
very large multimedia collections. The 'big data' challenge however has to be
addressed as multimedia collections have been explosively growing and will grow
even faster than ever within the next few years. Luckily, computational
processing power has become more available to researchers due to easier access
to distributed grid infrastructures. In this paper, we show how
high-dimensional indexing and searching methods can be used on scientific grid
environments and present a scalable workflow for indexing and searching over 30
billion SIFT descriptors using a cluster running Hadoop. Besides its
scalability, the proposed scheme not only provides good search quality, but
also achieves a stable throughput of around 210ms per image when searching a
100M image collection. Our findings could help other researchers and
practitioners to cope with huge multimedia collections.


  Let $Q$ be a quiver of $A_n$ type and $\mathbb{K}$ be an algebraically closed
field. A nilpotent endomorphism of a quiver representation induces a linear
transformation of the vector space at each vertex. Generically among all
nilpotent endomorphisms of a fixed representation $X$, there exists a
well-defined Jordan form of each of these linear transformations
$\operatorname{GenJF}(X)$, called the generic Jordan form data of $X$. A
subcategory of $\operatorname{rep}(Q)$ is Jordan recoverable if we can recover
$X$ up to isomorphism from its generic Jordan form data.
  There is a procedure which allows one to invert the map from representations
to generic Jordan form data. The subcategories for which this procedure works
are called canonically Jordan recoverable. We focus on the subcategories of
$\operatorname{rep}(Q)$ that are canonically Jordan recoverable, and we give a
combinatorial characterization of them.


  We use the boundary element method to study the low-Reynolds number
locomotion of a spherical model microorganism in a circular tube. The swimmer
propels itself by tangen- tial or normal surface motion in a tube whose radius
is on the order of the swimmer size. Hydrodynamic interactions with the tube
walls significantly affect the average swimming speed and power consumption of
the model microorganism. In the case of swimming parallel to the tube axis, the
locomotion speed is always reduced (resp. increased) for swimmers with
tangential (resp. normal) deformation. In all cases, the rate of work nec-
essary for swimming is increased by confinement. Swimmers with no force-dipoles
in the far field generally follow helical trajectories, solely induced by
hydrodynamic interactions with the tube walls, and in qualitative agreement
with recent experimental observations for Paramecium. Swimmers of the puller
type always display stable locomotion at a lo- cation which depends on the
strength of their force dipoles: swimmers with weak dipoles (small {\alpha})
swim in the centre of the tube while those with strong dipoles (large {\alpha})
swim near the walls. In contrast, pusher swimmers and those employing normal
deformation are unstable and end up crashing into the walls of the tube.
Similar dynamics is observed for swimming into a curved tube. These results
could be relevant for the future design of artificial microswimmers in confined
geometries.


  For a given lattice, we establish an equivalence involving a closed zone of
the corresponding Voronoi polytope, a lamina hyperplane of the corresponding
Delaunay partition and a quadratic form of rank 1 being an extreme ray of the
corresponding L-type domain.


  Adapting a recent work of Brannan et al., on extending graph $C^*$-algebras
to Quantum graphs, we introduce "Quantum Quivers" as an analogue of quivers
where the edge and vertex set has been replaced by a $C^*$-algebra and the maps
between the sets by $*$-homomorphisms. Additionally, we develop the theory
around these structures and construct a notion of Leavitt path algebra over
them and also compute the monoid of finitely generated projective modules over
this class of algebras.


  Integrated optics (IO) is an optical technology that allows to reproduce
optical circuits on a planar substrate. Since 1996, we have investigated the
potentiality of IO in the framework of astronomical single mode interferometry.
We review in this paper the principles of IO, the requirements for
interferometry and the corresponding solutions offered by IO, the results of
component characterization and the possible fields of application.


  A channel should be built to transmit information from one place to another.
Imaging is 2 or higher dimensional information communication. Conventionally,
an imaging channel comprises a lens and free spaces of its both sides. The
transfer function of each part is known; thus, the response of a conventional
imaging channel is known as well. Replacing the lens with a scattering layer,
the image can still be extracted from the detection plane. That is to say, the
scattering medium reconstructs the channel for imaging. Aided by deep learning,
we find that different from the lens there are different channels in a
scattering medium, i.e., the same scattering medium can construct different
channels to match different manners of source encoding. Moreover, we found that
without a valid channel the convolution law for a shift-invariant system, i.e.,
the output is the convolution of its point spread function (PSF) and the input
object, is broken, and information cannot be transmitted onto the detection
plane. In other words, valid channels are essential to transmit image
information through even a shift-invariant system.


  Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer payment system proposed by Nakamoto in 2008.
Properties of the bitcoin backbone protocol have been investigated in some
depth: the blockchain growth property quantifies the number of blocks added to
the blockchain during any time intervals; the blockchain quality property
ensures the honest miners always contribute at least a certain fraction of the
blockchain; the common prefix property ensures if a block is deep enough, it
will eventually be adopted by all honest miners with high probability.
Following the spirit of decoupling various functionalities of the blockchain,
the Prism protocol is proposed to dramatically improve the throughput while
maintaining the same level of security. Prior analyses of the bitcoin and Prism
backbone protocols assume the lifespan of blockchain is finite. This paper
presents a streamlined and strengthened analysis without the finite horizon
assumption. Specifically, the results include a blockchain growth property, a
blockchain quality property, and a common prefix property of the bitcoin
backbone protocol, as well as the liveness and persistence of the Prism
backbone protocol regardless of whether the blockchains have a infinite
lifespan. We also express the properties of bitcoin and Prism backbone
protocols in explicit expressions rather than order optimal results, which lead
to tighter bounds and practical references for public transaction ledger
protocol design.


  The last few years have witnessed the great success of non-linear generative
models in synthesizing high-quality photorealistic face images. Many recent 3D
facial texture reconstruction and pose manipulation from a single image
approaches still rely on large and clean face datasets to train image-to-image
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Yet the collection of such a large
scale high-resolution 3D texture dataset is still very costly and difficult to
maintain age/ethnicity balance. Moreover, regression-based approaches suffer
from generalization to the in-the-wild conditions and are unable to fine-tune
to a target-image. In this work, we propose an unsupervised approach for
one-shot 3D facial texture completion that does not require large-scale texture
datasets, but rather harnesses the knowledge stored in 2D face generators. The
proposed approach rotates an input image in 3D and fill-in the unseen regions
by reconstructing the rotated image in a 2D face generator, based on the
visible parts. Finally, we stitch the most visible textures at different angles
in the UV image-plane. Further, we frontalize the target image by projecting
the completed texture into the generator. The qualitative and quantitative
experiments demonstrate that the completed UV textures and frontalized images
are of high quality, resembles the original identity, can be used to train a
texture GAN model for 3DMM fitting and improve pose-invariant face recognition.


  Fake portrait video generation techniques have been posing a new threat to
the society with photorealistic deep fakes for political propaganda, celebrity
imitation, forged evidences, and other identity related manipulations.
Following these generation techniques, some detection approaches have also been
proved useful due to their high classification accuracy. Nevertheless, almost
no effort was spent to track down the source of deep fakes. We propose an
approach not only to separate deep fakes from real videos, but also to discover
the specific generative model behind a deep fake. Some pure deep learning based
approaches try to classify deep fakes using CNNs where they actually learn the
residuals of the generator. We believe that these residuals contain more
information and we can reveal these manipulation artifacts by disentangling
them with biological signals. Our key observation yields that the
spatiotemporal patterns in biological signals can be conceived as a
representative projection of residuals. To justify this observation, we extract
PPG cells from real and fake videos and feed these to a state-of-the-art
classification network for detecting the generative model per video. Our
results indicate that our approach can detect fake videos with 97.29% accuracy,
and the source model with 93.39% accuracy.


  Coherence distillation is a basic information-theoretic task in the resource
theory of coherence. In this paper, we present the necessary and sufficient
conditions under which a mixed state can be distilled into a pure coherent
state via stochastic incoherent operations (sIOs). With the help of this
result, we further show the following: (i) Any $2$-dimensional coherent state
is distillable via sIOs if and only if it is a pure coherent state; (ii) a
state $\rho$ is n-distillable via sIOs if and only if it is 1-distillable; and
(iii) the set of distillable states via stochastic maximally incoherent
operations is identical to the set of distillable states via sIOs. Finally, we
analyze the reason why sIO is stronger than stochastic strictly incoherent
operations when we use them to distill a coherent state.


  The increasing availability of data has generated unprecedented prospects for
network analyses in many biological fields, such as neuroscience (e.g., brain
networks), genomics (e.g., gene-gene interaction networks), and ecology (e.g.,
species interaction networks). A powerful statistical framework for estimating
such networks is Gaussian graphical models, but standard estimators for the
corresponding graphs are prone to large numbers of false discoveries. In this
paper, we introduce a novel graph estimator based on knockoffs that imitate the
partial correlation structures of unconnected nodes. We show that this new
estimator guarantees accurate control of the false discovery rate in theory,
simulations, and biological applications, and we provide easy-to-use R code.


  With the development of research on memristor, memristive neural networks
(MNNs) have become a hot research topic recently. Because memristor can mimic
the spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), the research on STDP based MNNs
is rapidly increasing. However, although state-of-the-art works on STDP based
MNNs have many applications such as pattern recognition, STDP mechanism brings
relatively complex hardware framework and low processing speed, which block
MNNs' hardware realization. A non-STDP based unsupervised MNN is constructed in
this paper. Through the comparison with STDP method on the basis of two common
structures including feedforward and crossbar, non-STDP based MNNs not only
remain the same advantages as STDP based MNNs including high accuracy and
convergence speed in pattern recognition, but also better hardware performance
as few hardware resources and higher processing speed. By virtue of the
combination of memristive character and simple mechanism, non-STDP based MNNs
have better hardware compatibility, which may give a new viewpoint for
memristive neural networks' engineering applications.


  Consider the lattice of all Young diagrams ordered by inclusion, and denote
by Y its Hasse graph. Using the Pieri formula for Jack symmetric polynomials,
we endow the edges of the graph Y with formal multiplicities depending on a
real parameter $\theta$. The multiplicities determine a potential theory on the
graph Y. Our main result identifies the corresponding Martin boundary with an
infinite-dimensional simplex, the ``geometric boundary'' of the Young graph Y,
and provides a canonical integral representation for non-negative harmonic
functions.
  For three particular values of the parameter, the theorem specializes to
known results: the Thoma theorem describing characters of the infinite
symmetric group, the Kingman's classification of partition structures, and the
description of spherical functions of the infinite hyperoctahedral Gelfand
pair.


  We analyze (2+1)-dimensional Gross-Neveu model with a Thirring interaction,
where a vector-vector type four-fermi interaction is on equal terms with a
scalar-scalar type one. The Dyson-Schwinger equation for fermion self-energy
function is constructed up to next-to-leading order in 1/N expansion. We
determine the critical surface which is the boundary between a broken phase and
an unbroken one in ($\alpha_c,~ \beta_c,~ N_c$) space. It is observed that the
critical behavior is mainly controlled by Gross-Neveu coupling $\alpha_c$ and
the region of the broken phase is separated into two parts by the line
$\alpha_c=\alpha_c^*(=\frac{8}{\pi^2})$. The mass function is strongly
dependent upon the flavor number N for $\alpha > \alpha_c^*$, while weakly for
$\alpha < \alpha_c^*$. For $\alpha > \alpha_c^*$, the critical flavor number
$N_c$ increases as Thirring coupling $\beta$ decreases. By driving the CJT
effective potential, we show that the broken phase is energetically preferred
to the symmetric one. We discuss the gauge dependence of the mass function and
the ultra-violet property of the composite operators.


  The standard techniques of gauge-fixing, such as covariant gauge fixing, are
entirely adequate for the purposes of studies of perturbative QCD. However,
they fail in the nonperturbative regime due to the presence of Gribov copies.
These copies arise because standard local gauge fixing methods do not
completely fix the gauge. Known Gribov-copy-free gauges, such as Laplacian
gauge, are manifestly non-local. These issues are examined and the implications
of non-local gauge-fixing for ghost fields, BRST invariance, and the proof of
renormalizability of QCD are considered.


  We compare results of $k_t$-factorization approach and next-to-leading order
collinear-factorization approach for dijet correlations in proton-proton
collisions at RHIC energies. We discuss correlations in azimuthal angle as well
as correlations in two-dimensional space of transverse momenta of two jets.
Some $k_t$-factorization subprocesses are included for the first time in the
literature. Different unintegrated gluon/parton distributions are used in the
$k_t$-factorization approach. The results depend on UGDF/UPDF used. For
collinear NLO case the situation depends significantly on whether we consider
correlations of any two jets or correlations of leading jets only. In the first
case the $2 \to 2$ contributions associated with soft radiations summed up in
the $k_t$-factorization approach dominate at $\phi \sim \pi$ and at equal
moduli of jet transverse momenta. The collinear NLO $2 \to 3$ contributions
dominate over $k_t$-factorization cross section at small relative azimuthal
angles as well as for asymmetric transverse momentum configurations. In the
second case the NLO contributions vanish at small relative azimuthal angles
and/or large jet transverse-momentum disbalance due to simple kinematical
constraints. There are no such limitations for the $k_t$-factorization
approach. All this makes the two approaches rather complementary. The role of
several cuts is discussed and quantified.


  We analyze multi-instanton sector in two dimensional U(N) Yang-Mills theory
on a sphere. We obtain a contour intregrals representation of the
multi-instanton amplitude and find ``neutral'' configurations of the even
number instantons are dominant in the large N limit. Using this representation,
we calculate 1,2,3,4 bodies interactions and the free energies for $N =3,4,5$
numerically and find that in fact the multi-instanton interaction effect
essentially contribute to the large N phase transition discovered by Douglas
and Kazakov.


  If a gamma ray burst with strong UV emission occurs in a molecular cloud,
there will be observable consequences resulting from excitation of the
surrounding H2. The UV pulse from the GRB will pump H2 into
vibrationally-excited levels which produce strong absorption at wavelengths <
1650 A. As a result, both the prompt flash and later afterglow will exhibit
strong absorption shortward of 1650 A, with specific spectroscopic features.
Such a cutoff in the emission from GRB 980329 may already have been observed by
Fruchter et al.; if so, GRB 980329 was at redshift 3.0 < z < 4.4 . BVRI
photometry of GRB 990510 could also be explained by H2 absorption if GRB 990510
is at redshift 1.6 < z < 2.3. The fluorescence accompanying the UV pumping of
the H2 will result in UV emission from the GRB which can extend over days or
months, depending on parameters of the ambient medium and beaming of the GRB
flash. The 7.5-13.6 eV fluorescent luminosity is \sim 10^{41.7} erg/s for
standard estimates of the parameters of the GRB and the ambient medium.
Spectroscopy can distinguish this fluorescent emission from other possible
sources of transient optical emission, such as a supernova.


  We report on the results of XMM-Newton observations of the z=0.18 galaxy
group WARPJ0943.7+1644 and the nearby poor cluster WARPJ0943.5+1640 at z=0.256.
Tracing the X-ray gas out to ~425h^(-1) and ~500h^(-1) kpc in the two systems,
corresponding to roughly 70 per cent of the estimated virial radii, we find the
surface brightness profile of both groups to be well described by standard
beta-models across the entire radial range, but with a significantly lower
value of beta in the cooler WARPJ0943.7+1644. A Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) model
for the gas density can also provide a good fit to the surface brightness data,
but a large scale radius is required, and gas-traces-mass is strongly ruled
out. Both systems fall close to the observed L_X-T relation for clusters. Gas
mass fractions increase with radius out to the radii probed, reaching
extrapolated values at the virial radius of 0.08 and 0.09h^(-3/2),
respectively. The latter is concordant with results obtained for more massive
systems. Gas entropy profiles show evidence for excess entropy out to at least
r_500, and are inconsistent with predictions of simple preheating models. This
study emphasizes the need for observing galaxy groups out to large radii, to
securely establish their global properties.


  We use the technique of chopped nonlinear magneto-optic rotation (NMOR) in a
room temperature $^{133}$Cs vapor cell to measure the permanent electric dipole
moment (EDM) in the atom. The cell has paraffin coating on the walls to
increase the relaxation time. The signature of the EDM is a shift in the Larmor
precession frequency which is correlated with the application of an E field. We
analyze errors in the technique, and show that the main source of systematic
error is the appearance of a longitudinal B field when the E field is applied.
This error can be eliminated by doing measurements on the two ground hyperfine
levels. Using an E field of 2.6 kV/cm, we place an upper limit on the electron
EDM of $ 2.9 \times 10^{-22} $ e-cm ($95 \%$ confidence). This limit can be
increased by 7 orders-of-magnitude---and brought below the current best
experimental value---with easily implementable improvements to the technique.


  We define the Barbasch-Evens-Magyar varieties. We show they are isomorphic to
the smooth varieties defined in [D.~Barbasch-S.~Evens '94] that map generically
finitely to symmetric orbit closures, thereby giving resolutions of
singularities in certain cases. Our definition parallels [P.~Magyar '98]'s
construction of the Bott-Samelson varieties [H.~C.~Hansen '73, M.~Demazure
'74]. From this alternative viewpoint, one deduces a graphical description in
type $A$, stratification into closed subvarieties of the same kind, and
determination of the torus-fixed points. Moreover, we explain how these
manifolds inherit a natural symplectic structure with Hamiltonian torus action.
We then express the moment polytope in terms of the moment polytope of a
Bott-Samelson variety.


  Using Mellin-Barnes integrals we give a method to compute a relevant subgroup
of the monodromy group of an A-hypergeometric system of differential equations.
Presumably this group is the full monodromy group of the system.
  This article is a major rewrite of an article posted 2 years ago.


  We present an update of our determination of the strong coupling alpha_s from
the quantum chromodynamics static energy. This updated analysis includes new
lattice data, at smaller lattice spacings and reaching shorter distances, the
use of better suited perturbative expressions to compare with data in a wider
distance range, and a comprehensive and detailed estimate of the error sources
that contribute to the uncertainty of the final result. Our updated value for
alpha_s at the Z-mass scale, M_Z, is alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1166^{+0.0012}_{-0.0008},
which supersedes our previous result.


  Recently many multi-label image recognition (MLR) works have made significant
progress by introducing pre-trained object detection models to generate lots of
proposals or utilizing statistical label co-occurrence enhance the correlation
among different categories. However, these works have some limitations: (1) the
effectiveness of the network significantly depends on pre-trained object
detection models that bring expensive and unaffordable computation; (2) the
network performance degrades when there exist occasional co-occurrence objects
in images, especially for the rare categories. To address these problems, we
propose a novel and effective semantic representation and dependency learning
(SRDL) framework to learn category-specific semantic representation for each
category and capture semantic dependency among all categories. Specifically, we
design a category-specific attentional regions (CAR) module to generate
channel/spatial-wise attention matrices to guide model to focus on
semantic-aware regions. We also design an object erasing (OE) module to
implicitly learn semantic dependency among categories by erasing semantic-aware
regions to regularize the network training. Extensive experiments and
comparisons on two popular MLR benchmark datasets (i.e., MS-COCO and Pascal VOC
2007) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework over current
state-of-the-art algorithms.


  We propose an idea of an electronic multi-channel arbitrary digital sequence
generator with temporal granularity equal to a single clock cycle. We implement
the generator with 32 channels using a low-cost ARM microcontroller and
demonstrate its capability to produce temporal delays ranging from tens of
nanoseconds to hundreds of seconds, with 12 ns timing granularity and linear
scaling of delay with respect to the number of delay loop iterations. The
generator is optionally synchronized with an external clock source to provide
100 ps jitter and overall sequence repeatability within the whole temporal
range. The generator is fully programmable and able to produce digital
sequences of high complexity. The concept of the generator can be implemented
using different microcontrollers and applied for controlling of various
optical, atomic, and nuclear physics measurement setups.


  In many data acquisition systems it is common to observe signals whose
amplitudes have been clipped. We present two new algorithms for recovering a
clipped signal by leveraging the model assumption that the underlying signal is
sparse in the frequency domain. Both algorithms employ ideas commonly used in
the field of Compressive Sensing; the first is a modified version of Reweighted
$\ell_1$ minimization, and the second is a modification of a simple greedy
algorithm known as Trivial Pursuit. An empirical investigation shows that both
approaches can recover signals with significant levels of clipping


  Many deep learning models, developed in recent years, reach higher ImageNet
accuracy than ResNet50, with fewer or comparable FLOPS count. While FLOPs are
often seen as a proxy for network efficiency, when measuring actual GPU
training and inference throughput, vanilla ResNet50 is usually significantly
faster than its recent competitors, offering better throughput-accuracy
trade-off.
  In this work, we introduce a series of architecture modifications that aim to
boost neural networks' accuracy, while retaining their GPU training and
inference efficiency. We first demonstrate and discuss the bottlenecks induced
by FLOPs-optimizations. We then suggest alternative designs that better utilize
GPU structure and assets. Finally, we introduce a new family of GPU-dedicated
models, called TResNet, which achieve better accuracy and efficiency than
previous ConvNets.
  Using a TResNet model, with similar GPU throughput to ResNet50, we reach 80.8
top-1 accuracy on ImageNet. Our TResNet models also transfer well and achieve
state-of-the-art accuracy on competitive single-label classification datasets
such as Stanford cars (96.0%), CIFAR-10 (99.0%), CIFAR-100 (91.5%) and
Oxford-Flowers (99.1%). They also perform well on multi-label classification
and object detection tasks. Implementation is available at:
https://github.com/mrT23/TResNet.


  The current trend toward ever-larger models makes standard retraining
procedures an ever-more expensive burden. For this reason, there is growing
interest in model editing, which enables computationally inexpensive,
interpretable, post-hoc model modifications. While many model editing
techniques are promising, research on the properties of edited models is
largely limited to evaluation of validation accuracy. The robustness of edited
models is an important and yet mostly unexplored topic. In this paper, we
employ recently developed techniques from the field of deep learning robustness
to investigate both how model editing affects the general robustness of a
model, as well as the robustness of the specific behavior targeted by the edit.
We find that edits tend to reduce general robustness, but that the degree of
degradation depends on the editing algorithm and layers chosen. Motivated by
these observations we introduce a new model editing algorithm, 1-layer
interpolation (1-LI), which uses weight-space interpolation to navigate the
trade-off between editing task accuracy and general robustness.


  When an ultra-high energy neutrino or cosmic ray strikes the Lunar surface a
radio-frequency pulse is emitted. We plan to use the LOFAR radio telescope to
detect these pulses. In this work we propose an efficient trigger
implementation for LOFAR optimized for the observation of short radio pulses.


  A new nonparametric graphical test of significance of a covariate in
functional GLM is proposed. Our approach is especially interesting due to its
functional graphical interpretation of the results. As such it is able to find
not only if the factor of interest is significant but also which functional
domain is responsible for the potential rejection. In the case of functional
multi-way main effect ANOVA or functional main effect ANCOVA models it is able
to find which groups differ (and where they differ), in the case of functional
factorial ANOVA or functional factorial ANCOVA models it is able to find which
combination of levels (which interactions) differ (and where they differ). The
described tests are extensions of global envelope tests in the GLM models. It
applies Freedman-Lane algorithm for the permutation of functions and as such it
approximately achieve the desired significance level.


  There is a wide variety of data mining methods available, and it is generally
useful in exploratory data analysis to use many different methods for the same
dataset. This, however, leads to the problem of whether the results found by
one method are a reflection of the phenomenon shown by the results of another
method, or whether the results depict in some sense unrelated properties of the
data. For example, using clustering can give indication of a clear cluster
structure, and computing correlations between variables can show that there are
many significant correlations in the data. However, it can be the case that the
correlations are actually determined by the cluster structure.
  In this paper, we consider the problem of randomizing data so that previously
discovered patterns or models are taken into account. The randomization methods
can be used in iterative data mining. At each step in the data mining process,
the randomization produces random samples from the set of data matrices
satisfying the already discovered patterns or models. That is, given a data set
and some statistics (e.g., cluster centers or co-occurrence counts) of the
data, the randomization methods sample data sets having similar values of the
given statistics as the original data set. We use Metropolis sampling based on
local swaps to achieve this. We describe experiments on real data that
demonstrate the usefulness of our approach. Our results indicate that in many
cases, the results of, e.g., clustering actually imply the results of, say,
frequent pattern discovery.


  In this paper we obtain a pointwise sparse domination for generalized
H\"ormander operators and also for iterated commutators with those operators.
As a particular case of our result we obtain a extension of the sparse
domination for commutators obtained by A. Lerner, S. Ombrosi and the second
author to iterated commutators. Relying upon that sparse domination a number of
quantitative estimates such as Coifman-Fefferman estimates, strong type
estimates, and endpoint estimates that improve and complete results in papers
by M. Lorente, J.M. Martell, C. P\'erez, M.S. Riveros and A. de la Torre are
obtained. We also provide a new local decay estimate and we also extend results
in a paper due to J.M. Martell, C. Perez and R. Trujillo-Gonzalez to kernels
satisfying generalized H\"ormander conditions. Among other applications, as a
particular case of our result for endpoint estimates, we extend the endpoint
estimate obtained in a work by A. Lerner, S. Ombrosi and the second author to
iterated commutators.


  The dust in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), an ideal analog of primordial
galaxies at high redshifts, differs markedly from that in the Milky Way by
exhibiting a steeply rising far-ultraviolet extinction curve, an absence of the
2175 Angstrom extinction feature, and a local minimum at ~12 micron in its
infrared emission spectrum, suggesting the lack of ultrasmall carbonaceous
grains (i.e. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules) which are ubiquitously
seen in the Milky Way. While current models for the SMC dust all rely heavily
on silicates, recent observations of the SMC sightline toward Sk 155 indicated
that Si and Mg are essentially undepleted and the depletions of Fe range from
mild to severe, suggesting that metallic grains and/or iron oxides, instead of
silicates, may dominate the SMC dust. However, in this Letter we apply the
Kramers-Kronig relation to demonstrate that neither metallic grains nor iron
oxides are capable of accounting for the observed extinction; silicates remain
as an important contributor to the extinction, consistent with current models
for the SMC dust.


  For all but finitely many compact orientable surfaces, we show that any
superinjective map from the complex of separating curves into itself is induced
by an element of the extended mapping class group. We apply this result to
proving that any finite index subgroup of the Johnson kernel is co-Hopfian.
Analogous properties are shown for the Torelli complex and the Torelli group.


  The spectrum of the evolution Operator associated with a nonlinear stochastic
flow with additive noise is evaluated by diagonalization in a polynomial basis.
The method works for arbitrary noise strength. In the weak noise limit we
formulate a new perturbative expansion for the spectrum of the stochastic
evolution Operator in terms of expansions around the classical periodic orbits.
The diagonalization of such operators is easier to implement than the standard
Feynman diagram perturbation theory. The result is a stochastic analog of the
Gutzwiller semiclassical spectral determinant with the ``$\hbar$'' corrections
computed to at least two orders more than what has so far been attainable in
stochastic and quantum-mechanical applications, supplemented by the estimate
for the late terms in the asymptotic saddlepoint expansions.


  In many physical systems, dynamics is ruled by structures of atypical
chaoticity. These structures may occupy a very small volume in phase space and
can thus be very difficult to locate numerically. In this article, we review an
algorithm, the Lyapunov Weighted Dynamics, which efficiently reveals
trajectories of atypical chaoticity.


  We generalise structure tree theory, which is based on removing finitely many
edges, to removing finitely many vertices. This gives a significant
generalization of Tutte's tree decomposition of 2-connected graphs into
3-connected blocks. For a finite graph there is a structure tree that contains
information about $k$-connectivity for any $k$. The theory can also be applied
to infinite graphs that have more than one vertex end, i.e. ends that can be
separated by removing a finite number of vertices. This gives a generalization
of Stallings' structure theorem for groups with more than one end.


  We construct and study a closed, two-dimensional, quasi-topological (0,2)
gauged sigma model with target space a smooth G-manifold, where G is any
compact and connected Lie group. When the target space is a flag manifold of
simple G, and the gauge group is a Cartan subgroup thereof, the perturbative
model describes, purely physically, the recently formulated mathematical theory
of "Twisted Chiral Differential Operators". This paves the way, via a
generalized T-duality, for a natural physical interpretation of the geometric
Langlands correspondence for simply-connected, simple, complex Lie groups. In
particular, the Hecke eigensheaves and Hecke operators can be described in
terms of the correlation functions of certain operators that underlie the
infinite-dimensional chiral algebra of the flag manifold model. Nevertheless,
nonperturbative worldsheet twisted-instantons can, in some situations,
trivialize the chiral algebra completely. This leads to a spontaneous breaking
of supersymmetry whilst implying certain delicate conditions for the existence
of Beilinson-Drinfeld D-modules. Via supersymmetric gauged quantum mechanics on
loop space, these conditions can be understood to be intimately related to a
conjecture by Hohn-Stolz [1] regarding the vanishing of the Witten genus on
string manifolds with positive Ricci curvature. An interesting connection to
Chern-Simons theory is also uncovered, whence we would be able to (i) relate
general knot invariants of three-manifolds and Khovanov homology to "quantum"
ramified D-modules and Lagrangian intersection Floer homology; (ii) furnish
physical proofs of mathematical conjectures by Seidel-Smith [2] and Gaitsgory
[3, 4] which relate knots to symplectic geometry and Langlands duality,
respectively.


  In this proceeding, we discuss recent results on exclusive radiative B meson
decays from the Belle Collaboration. These decays are sensitive to right-handed
currents from New Physics. In particular, we measure time-dependent CP
violation parameters in B^0->K_S\pi^0\gamma and B^0->K_S\rho^0\gamma decays,
using high-statistics data samples collected at the Y(4S) resonance with the
Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider. With the present
statistics, these measurements are consistent with the standard model
predictions. We also search for the radiative decay B^0->\phiK^0\gamma and
report the first observation with a significance of 5.4 \sigma, including
systematic uncertainties.


  We study stability and bifurcations in holomorphic families of polynomial
automorphisms of C^2. We say that such a family is weakly stable over some
parameter domain if periodic orbits do not bifurcate there. We first show that
this defines a meaningful notion of stability, which parallels in many ways the
classical notion of J-stability in one-dimensional dynamics. In the second part
of the paper, we prove that under an assumption of moderate dissipativity, the
parameters displaying homoclinic tangencies are dense in the bifurcation locus.
This confirms one of Palis' Conjectures in the complex setting. The proof
relies on the formalism of semi-parabolic bifurcation and the construction of
"critical points" in semi-parabolic basins (which makes use of the classical
Denjoy-Carleman-Ahlfors and Wiman Theorems).


  The Dirac's formalism for constrained systems is applied to the analysis of
time-dependent Hamiltonians in the extended phase space. We show that the Lewis
invariant is a reparametrization invariant and we calculate the Feynman
propagator using the extended phase description. We show that the quantum phase
of the Feynman propagator is given by the boundary term of the canonical
transformation of the extended phase space.


  We initiate a study on various cosmological imprints of string axions whose
scalar potentials have plateau regions. In such cases, we show that a delayed
onset of oscillation generically leads to a parametric resonance instability.
In particular, for ultralight axions, the parametric resonance can enhance the
power spectrum slightly below the Jeans scale, alleviating the tension with the
Lyman $\alpha$ forest observations. We also argue that a long-lasting resonance
can lead to an emission of gravitational waves at the frequency bands which are
detectable by gravitational wave interferometers and pulsar timing arrays.


  We study the evolution of a many-particle system whose wave function obeys
the N-body Schroedinger equation under Bose symmetry. The system Hamiltonian
describes pairwise particle interactions in the absence of an external
potential. We derive apriori dispersive estimates that express the overall
repulsive nature of the particle interactions. These estimates hold for a wide
class of two-body interaction potentials which are independent of the particle
number, N. We discuss applications of these estimates to the BBGKY hierarchy
for reduced density matrices analyzed by Elgart, Erdos, Schlein and Yau.


  In this work the fundamentals of gradient field theories are presented and
reviewed. In particular, the theories of gradient magnetostatics and gradient
elasticity are investigated and compared. For gradient magnetostatics,
non-singular expressions for the magnetic vector gauge potential, the
Biot-Savart law, the Lorentz force and the mutual interaction energy of two
electric current loops are derived and discussed. For gradient elasticity,
non-singular forms of all dislocation key-formulas (Burgers equation, Mura
equation, Peach-Koehler stress equation, Peach-Koehler force equation, and
mutual interaction energy of two dislocation loops) are presented. In addition,
similarities between an electric current loop and a dislocation loop are
pointed out. The obtained fields for both gradient theories are non-singular
due to a straightforward and self-consistent regularization.


  This paper does not present a novel method. Instead, it delves into an
essential, yet must-know baseline in light of the latest advancements in
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI): the utilization of GPT-4 for visual
understanding. Our study centers on the evaluation of GPT-4's linguistic and
visual capabilities in zero-shot visual recognition tasks: Firstly, we explore
the potential of its generated rich textual descriptions across various
categories to enhance recognition performance without any training. Secondly,
we evaluate GPT-4's visual proficiency in directly recognizing diverse visual
content. We conducted extensive experiments to systematically evaluate GPT-4's
performance across images, videos, and point clouds, using 16 benchmark
datasets to measure top-1 and top-5 accuracy. Our findings show that GPT-4,
enhanced with rich linguistic descriptions, significantly improves zero-shot
recognition, offering an average top-1 accuracy increase of 7% across all
datasets. GPT-4 excels in visual recognition, outshining OpenAI-CLIP's ViT-L
and rivaling EVA-CLIP's ViT-E, particularly in video datasets HMDB-51 and
UCF-101, where it leads by 22% and 9%, respectively. We hope this research
contributes valuable data points and experience for future studies. We release
our code at https://github.com/whwu95/GPT4Vis.


  We derive the plasmon dispersion in doped double layer graphene (DLG), made
of two parallel graphene mono-layers with carrier densities $n_1$ and $n_2$
respectively, and an inter-layer separation of $d$. The linear chiral gapless
single particle energy dispersion of graphene leads to exotic DLG plasmon
properties with several unexpected experimentally observable characteristic
features such as a nontrivial influence of an undoped ($n_2=0$) layer on the
DLG plasmon dispersion and a strange influence of the second layer even in the
weak-coupling $d\to 0$ limit. Our predicted exotic DLG plasmon properties
clearly distinguish graphene from the extensively studied usual parabolic 2D
electron systems.


  Richardson-Gaudin (RG) states are employed as a variational wavefunction
ansatz for strongly correlated isomers of H$_4$ and H$_{10}$. In each case a
single RG state describes the seniority-zero sector quite well. Simple natural
orbital functionals offer a cheap and reasonable approximation of the
outstanding weak correlation in the seniority-zero sector, while systematic
improvement is achieved by performing a configuration interaction (CI) in terms
of RG states. Other pair theories (e.g. generalized valence bond and
pair-coupled-cluster doubles) can provide a good description of many of the
geometries considered, but, at short distances, the wavefunctions for the 2D
and 3D structures of H$_{10}$ take the form of an RG state that cannot be
described by these other theories.


  This study presents a novel approach for reconstructing all stress components
of the dynamic axisymmetric fields of a soft material using photoelastic
tomography (PT) and a high-speed polarization camera. This study focuses on
static and dynamic Hertzian contact as an example of transient stress field
reconstructions. For the static Hertzian contact (a solid sphere pressed
against a gel block), all stress components in the urethane gel, which has an
elastic modulus of 47.4 kPa, were reconstructed by PT using the measured
photoelastic parameters. The results were compared with theoretical solutions
and showed good agreement. For the dynamic Hertzian contact (a sphere impacting
gel), a high-speed polarization camera was used to reconstruct the transient
stress field within the gel. PT was used to quantitatively measure the shear
and axial stress waves and showed different propagation speeds on the
substrate. The technique allowed the simultaneous measurement of stress fields
ranging from $O(10^{-1})$ to $O(10^1)$ kPa during large deformations,
demonstrating its accuracy in capturing rapidly changing stress tensor
components in dynamic scenarios. The scaling laws of the calculated impact
force agreed with theoretical predictions, validating the accuracy of PT for
measuring dynamic axisymmetric stress fields in soft materials.


  Consider a tree network T, where each edge acts as an independent copy of a
given channel M, and information is propagated from the root. For which T and M
does the configuration obtained at level n of T typically contain significant
information on the root variable?
  This model appeared independently in biology, information theory, and
statistical physics. Its analysis uses techniques from the theory of finite
markov chains, statistics, statistical physics, information theory,
cryptography and noisy computation. In this paper, we survey developments and
challenges related to this problem.


  This paper reviews the second AIM realistic bokeh effect rendering challenge
and provides the description of the proposed solutions and results. The
participating teams were solving a real-world bokeh simulation problem, where
the goal was to learn a realistic shallow focus technique using a large-scale
EBB! bokeh dataset consisting of 5K shallow / wide depth-of-field image pairs
captured using the Canon 7D DSLR camera. The participants had to render bokeh
effect based on only one single frame without any additional data from other
cameras or sensors. The target metric used in this challenge combined the
runtime and the perceptual quality of the solutions measured in the user study.
To ensure the efficiency of the submitted models, we measured their runtime on
standard desktop CPUs as well as were running the models on smartphone GPUs.
The proposed solutions significantly improved the baseline results, defining
the state-of-the-art for practical bokeh effect rendering problem.


  Testing the homogeneity between two samples of functional data is an
important task. While this is feasible for intensely measured functional data,
we explain why it is challenging for sparsely measured functional data and show
what can be done for such data. In particular, we show that testing the
marginal homogeneity based on point-wise distributions is feasible under some
constraints and propose a new two sample statistic that works well with both
intensively and sparsely measured functional data. The proposed test statistic
is formulated upon Energy distance, and the critical value is obtained via the
permutation test. The convergence rate of the test statistic to its population
version is derived along with the consistency of the associated permutation
test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that provides
guaranteed consistency for testing the homogeneity for sparse functional data.
The aptness of our method is demonstrated on both synthetic and real data sets.


  Detailed models of the explosion of a white dwarf, which include
self-consistent calculations of the light curve and spectra, provide a link
between observational quantities and the underlying explosion.These
calculations assume spherical geometry and are based on parameterized
descriptions of the burning front during the deflagration phase. Recently,
first multi-dimensional calculations for nuclear burning fronts have been
performed. Although a fully consistent treatment of the burning fronts is
beyond the current state of the art, these calculations provided a new and
better understanding of the physics, and new descriptions for the flame
propagation have been proposed. Here, we have studied the influence on the
results of previous analyses of Type Ia Supernovae, namely, the nucleosynthesis
and structure of the expanding envelope. Our calculations are based on a set of
delayed detonation models with parameters that give a good account of the
optical and infrared light curves, and of the spectral evolution. In this
scenario, the burning front propagates first in a deflagration mode and,
subsequently, turns into a detonation. The explosions and light curves are
calculated using a one-dimensional Lagrangian radiation-hydro code, including a
detailed nuclear network.


  Alpha from natural radioactivity may interact with a nucleus and emit a
neutron. The reaction introduces background to the liquid scintillator (LS)
based neutrino experiments. In the LS detector, alpha comes from 238U, 232Th
and 210Po decay chains. For Gadolinium-doped LS (Gd-LS) detector, alpha also
comes from 227Ac. The nucleus 13C is a natural component of Carbon which is
rich in the LS. The background rate and spectrum should be subtracted carefully
from the neutrino candidates. This paper describes the calculation of neutron
yield and spectrum with uncertainty estimated. The results are relevant for
many existing neutrino experiments and future LS or Gd-LS based experiments.


  Solar water splitting provides a promising path for sustainable hydrogen
production and solar energy storage. One of the greatest challenges towards
large-scale utilization of this technology is reducing the hydrogen production
cost. The conventional electrolyzer architecture, where hydrogen and oxygen are
co-produced in the same cell, gives rise to critical challenges in
photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cells that directly convert solar
energy and water to hydrogen. Here we overcome these challenges by separating
the hydrogen and oxygen cells. The ion exchange in our cells is mediated by
auxiliary electrodes, and the cells are connected to each other only by metal
wires, enabling centralized hydrogen production. We demonstrate hydrogen
generation in separate cells with solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of
7.5%, which can readily surpass 10% using standard commercial components. A
basic cost comparison shows that our approach is competitive with conventional
PEC systems, enabling safe and potentially affordable solar hydrogen
production.


  We propose VQE circuit fabrics with advantageous properties for the
simulation of strongly correlated ground and excited states of molecules and
materials under the Jordan-Wigner mapping that can be implemented linearly
locally and preserve all relevant quantum numbers: the number of spin up
($\alpha$) and down ($\beta$) electrons and the total spin squared. We
demonstrate that our entangler circuits are expressive already at low depth and
parameter count, appear to become universal, and may be trainable without
having to cross regions of vanishing gradient, when the number of parameters
becomes sufficiently large and when these parameters are suitably initialized.
One particularly appealing construction achieves this with just orbital
rotations and pair exchange gates. We derive optimal four-term parameter shift
rules for and provide explicit decompositions of our quantum number preserving
gates and perform numerical demonstrations on highly correlated molecules on up
to 20 qubits.


  The switching model is a Markov chain approach to sample graphs with fixed
degree sequence uniformly at random. The recently invented Curveball algorithm
for bipartite graphs applies several switches simultaneously (`trades'). Here,
we introduce Curveball algorithms for simple (un)directed graphs which use
single or simultaneous trades. We show experimentally that these algorithms
converge magnitudes faster than the corresponding switching models.


  We prove that a complete intersection of $c$ very general hypersurfaces of
degree at least two in $N$-dimensional complex projective space is not ruled
(and therefore not rational) provided that the sum of the degrees of the
hypersurfaces is at least $\tfrac{2}{3} N + c + 1$. To this end we consider a
degeneration to positive characteristic, following Koll\'ar. Our argument does
not require a resolution of the singularities of the special fiber of the
degeneration. It relies on a generalization of Koll\'ar's "algebraic Morse
lemma" that controls the dimensions of the second-order Thom-Boardman
singularities of general sections of Frobenius pullbacks of vector bundles.


  The closed neighbourhood $N[v]$ of a vertex $v$ of a graph $G$, consisting of
at least one vertex from all colour classes with respect to a proper colouring
of $G$, is called a rainbow neighbourhood in $G$. The minimum number of
vertices and the maximum number of vertices which yield rainbow neighbourhoods
with respect to a chromatic colouring of $G$ are called the minimum and maximum
rainbow neighbourhood numbers, denoted by $r^-_\chi(G)$, $r^+_\chi(G)$
respectively. In this paper, by a colour, we mean a solid colour and by a
transparent colour, we mean the fading of a solid colour. The fading numbers of
a graph $G$, denoted by $f^-(G)$, $f^+(G)$ respectively, are the maximum number
of vertices for which the colour may fade to transparent without a decrease in
$r^-_\chi(G)$ and $r^+_\chi(G)$ respectively.


  We evaluate static properties and semileptonic decays for the ground state of
doubly heavy $\Xi, \Xi', \Xi^*$ and $\Omega, \Omega', \Omega^*$ baryons.
Working in the framework of a nonrelativistic quark model, we solve the
three--body problem by means of a variational ansazt made possible by heavy
quark spin symmetry constraints. To check the dependence of our results on the
inter-quark interaction we use five different quark-quark potentials that
include a confining term plus Coulomb and hyperfine terms coming from
one--gluon exchange. Our results for static properties (masses, charge and mass
radii, magnetic moments...) are, with a few exceptions for the magnetic
moments, in good agreement with a previous Faddeev calculation. Our much
simpler wave functions are used to evaluate semileptonic decays of doubly heavy
$\Xi,\Xi'(J=1/2)$ and $\Omega, \Omega'(J=1/2)$ baryons. Our results for the
decay widths are in good agreement with calculations done within a relativistic
quark model in the quark--diquark approximation.


  Recent efforts have explored leveraging visible light images to enrich
texture details in infrared (IR) super-resolution. However, this direct
adaptation approach often becomes a double-edged sword, as it improves texture
at the cost of introducing noise and blurring artifacts. To address these
challenges, we propose the Target-oriented Domain Adaptation SRGAN (DASRGAN),
an innovative framework specifically engineered for robust IR super-resolution
model adaptation. DASRGAN operates on the synergy of two key components: 1)
Texture-Oriented Adaptation (TOA) to refine texture details meticulously, and
2) Noise-Oriented Adaptation (NOA), dedicated to minimizing noise transfer.
Specifically, TOA uniquely integrates a specialized discriminator,
incorporating a prior extraction branch, and employs a Sobel-guided adversarial
loss to align texture distributions effectively. Concurrently, NOA utilizes a
noise adversarial loss to distinctly separate the generative and Gaussian noise
pattern distributions during adversarial training. Our extensive experiments
confirm DASRGAN's superiority. Comparative analyses against leading methods
across multiple benchmarks and upsampling factors reveal that DASRGAN sets new
state-of-the-art performance standards. Code are available at
\url{https://github.com/yongsongH/DASRGAN}.


  We consider a class of compacta X such that the maps from X onto metric
compacta define an Aronszajn tree of closed subsets of X.


  We present the results of a Monte Carlo simulation of the $RP^2$ model in
three dimensions with negative coupling. We observe a second order phase
transition between the disordered phase and an antiferromagnetic, unfrustrated,
ordered one. We measure, with a Finite Size Scaling analysis, the thermal
exponent, obtaining $\nu=0.784(8)$. We have found two magnetic-type relevant
operators whose related $\eta$ exponents are $0.038(2)$ and $1.338(8)$
respectively.


  Private inference (PI) enables inference directly on cryptographically secure
data.While promising to address many privacy issues, it has seen limited use
due to extreme runtimes. Unlike plaintext inference, where latency is dominated
by FLOPs, in PI non-linear functions (namely ReLU) are the bottleneck. Thus,
practical PI demands novel ReLU-aware optimizations. To reduce PI latency we
propose a gradient-based algorithm that selectively linearizes ReLUs while
maintaining prediction accuracy. We evaluate our algorithm on several standard
PI benchmarks. The results demonstrate up to $4.25\%$ more accuracy (iso-ReLU
count at 50K) or $2.2\times$ less latency (iso-accuracy at 70\%) than the
current state of the art and advance the Pareto frontier across the
latency-accuracy space. To complement empirical results, we present a "no free
lunch" theorem that sheds light on how and when network linearization is
possible while maintaining prediction accuracy. Public code is available at
\url{https://github.com/NYU-DICE-Lab/selective_network_linearization}.


  We explain how the disparate kinematics of quantum mechanics
(finite-dimensional Hilbert space of QM) and special relativity (Minkowski
spacetime from the Lorentz transformations of SR) can both be based on one
principle (relativity principle). This is made possible by the axiomatic
reconstruction of QM via information-theoretic principles, which has
successfully recast QM as a principle theory a la SR. That is, in the quantum
reconstruction program (QRP) and SR, the formalisms (Hilbert space and Lorentz
transformations, respectively) are derived from empirically discovered facts
(Information Invariance & Continuity and light postulate, respectively), so QM
and SR are "principle theories" as defined by Einstein. While SR has a
compelling fundamental principle to justify its empirically discovered fact
(relativity principle), QRP has not produced a compelling fundamental principle
or causal mechanism to account for its empirically discovered fact. To unify
these disparate kinematics, we show how the relativity principle ("no preferred
reference frame" NPRF) can also be used to justify Information Invariance &
Continuity. We do this by showing that when QRP's operational notion of
measurement is spatialized, Information Invariance & Continuity entails the
empirically discovered fact that everyone measures the same value for Planck's
constant h, regardless of their relative spatial orientations or locations
(Planck postulate). Since Poincare transformations relate inertial reference
frames via spatial rotations and translations as well as boosts, the relativity
principle justifies the Planck postulate just like it justifies the light
postulate. Essentially, NPRF + c is an adynamical global constraint over the
spacetime configuration of worldtubes for bodily objects while NPRF + h is an
adynamical global constraint over the distribution of quanta among those bodily
objects.


  This work focuses on the production of negative-ions on graphite and diamond
surfaces bombarded by positive ions in a low pressure (2 Pa) low power (20 W)
capacitively coupled deuterium plasma. A sample is placed opposite a mass
spectrometer and negatively biased so that surface produced negative ions can
be self-extracted from the plasma and measured by the mass spectrometer. The
ratio between negative-ion counts at mass spectrometer and positive ion current
at sample surface defines a relative negative-ion yield. Changes in
negative-ion production yields versus positive ion energy in the range 10-60 eV
are analysed. While the negative-ion production yield is decreasing for diamond
surfaces when increasing the positive ion impact energy, it is strongly
increasing for graphite. This increase is attributed to the onset of the
sputtering mechanisms between 20 and 40 eV which creates negative ions at
rather low energy that are efficiently collected by the mass spectrometer. The
same mechanism occurs for diamond but is mitigated by a strong decrease of the
ionization probability due to defect creation and loss of diamond electronic
properties.


  Imaging the vicinity of a black hole is one of the ultimate goals of VLBI
astronomy. The closest massive black hole, Sgr A*, located at the Galactic
center, is the leading candidate for such observations. Combined with recent
VLBI recording technique and submillimeter radio engineering, we now have
sufficient sensitivity for the observations. Here we show performance
simulations of submillimeter VLBI arrays for imaging Sgr A*. Good images are
obtained from submillimeter VLBI arrays in the southern hemisphere composed of
more than 10 stations. We also note that even with a small array, we can
estimate the shadow size and then the mass of the black hole from visibility
analysis. Now, all we need is to construct a submillimeter VLBI array in the
southern hemisphere if we wish to unveil the black hole environment of Sgr A*.
Key words: black hole, event horizon, Sgr A*, submillimeter


  We implement a convolutional neural network to study the $\Sigma$ hyperons
using experimental data of the $K^-p\to\pi^0\Lambda$ reaction. The averaged
accuracy of the NN models in resolving resonances on the test data sets is
${\rm 98.5\%}$, ${\rm 94.8\%}$ and ${\rm 82.5\%}$ for one-, two- and
three-additional-resonance case. We find that the three most significant
resonances are $1/2^+$, $3/2^+$ and $3/2^-$ states with mass being ${\rm
1.62(11)~GeV}$, ${\rm 1.72(6)~GeV}$ and ${\rm 1.61(9)~GeV}$, and probability
being $\rm 100(3)\%$, $\rm 72(24)\%$ and $\rm 98(52)\%$, respectively, where
the errors mostly come from the uncertainties of the experimental data. Our
results support the three-star $\Sigma(1660)1/2^+$, the one-star
$\Sigma(1780)3/2^+$ and the one-star $\Sigma(1580)3/2^-$ in PDG. The ability of
giving quantitative probabilities in resonance resolving and numerical
stability make NN potentially a life-changing tool in baryon partial wave
analysis, and this approach can be easily extended to accommodate other
theoretical models and/or to include more experimental data.


  The C programming language and its cousins such as C++ stipulate the static
storage of sets of structured data: Developers have to commit to one, invariant
data model -- typically a structure-of-arrays (SoA) or an array-of-structs
(AoS) -- unless they manually rearrange, i.e.~convert it throughout the
computation. Whether AoS or SoA is favourable depends on the execution context
and algorithm step. We propose a language extension based upon C++ attributes
through which developers can guide the compiler what memory arrangements are to
be used. The compiler can then automatically convert (parts of) the data into
the format of choice prior to a calculation and convert results back
afterwards. As all conversions are merely annotations, it is straightforward
for the developer to experiment with different storage formats and to pick
subsets of data that are subject to memory rearrangements. Our work implements
the annotations within Clang and demonstrates their potential impact through a
smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code.


  Quantum key distribution is an effective encryption technique which can be
used to perform secure quantum communication between satellite and ground
stations. Quantum cryptography enhances security in various networks such as
optical fibers and wireless networks. In addition to this, these networks
become vulnerable in presence of high attenuation due to atmospheric effects
and noise. Hence, errors occur due to decoherence. The noisy quantum channel is
modeled and implemented by the redundancy-free quantum error correction scheme
which provides better security and throughput efficiency as shown in simulation
results.


  We complete the first step in a two-part program proposed by Baker, Grigsby,
and the author to prove that Berge's construction of knots in the three-sphere
which admit lens space surgeries is complete. The first step, which we prove
here, is to show that a knot in a lens space with a three-sphere surgery has
simple (in the sense of rank) knot Floer homology. The second (conjectured)
step involves showing that, for a fixed lens space, the only knots with simple
Floer homology belong to a simple finite family. Using results of Baker, we
provide evidence for the conjectural part of the program by showing that it
holds for a certain family of knots. Coupled with work of Ni, these knots
provide the first infinite family of non-trivial knots which are characterized
by their knot Floer homology. As another application, we provide a Floer
homology proof of a theorem of Berge.


  Estimation of the wind speed plays an important role in many issues such as
route determination of ships, efficient use of wind roses, and correct planning
of agricultural activities. In this study, wind velocity estimation is
calculated using artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive artificial
neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods. The data required for estimation
was obtained from the float named E1M3A, which is a float inside the POSEIDON
float system. The proposed ANN is a Nonlinear Auto Regressive with External
Input (NARX) type of artificial neural network with 3 layers, 50 neurons, 6
inputs and 1 output. The ANFIS system introduced is a fuzzy inference system
with 6 inputs, 1 output, and 3 membership functions (MF) per input. The
proposed systems were trained to make wind speed estimates after 3 hours and
the data obtained were obtained and the successes of the systems were revealed
by comparing the obtained values with real measurements. Mean Squarred Error
(MSE) and the regression between the predictions and expected values (R) were
used to evaluate the success of the estimation values obtained from the
systems. According to estimation results, ANN achieved 2.19 MSE and 0.897 R
values in training, 2.88 MSE and 0.866 R values in validation, and 2.93 MSE and
0.857 R values in testing. ANFIS method has obtained 0.31634 MSE and 0.99 R
values


  Image captioning is a crucial task with applications in a wide range of
domains, including healthcare and education. Despite extensive research on
English image captioning datasets, the availability of such datasets for
Vietnamese remains limited, with only two existing datasets. In this study, we
introduce KTVIC, a comprehensive Vietnamese Image Captioning dataset focused on
the life domain, covering a wide range of daily activities. This dataset
comprises 4,327 images and 21,635 Vietnamese captions, serving as a valuable
resource for advancing image captioning in the Vietnamese language. We conduct
experiments using various deep neural networks as the baselines on our dataset,
evaluating them using the standard image captioning metrics, including BLEU,
METEOR, CIDEr, and ROUGE. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of the
proposed dataset and its potential contributions to the field of image
captioning in the Vietnamese context.