  Traditional white noise testing, for example the Ljung-Box test, studies only
the autocorrelation function (ACF). Time series can be heteroscedastic and
therefore not i.i.d. but still white noise (that is, with zero ACF). An example
of heteroscedasticity is financial time series: times of high variance
(financial crises) can alternate with times of low variance (calm times). Here,
absolute values of time series terms are not white noise. We could test for
white noise separately for original and absolute values, for example using
Ljung-Box tests for both. In this article, we create an omnibus test which
combines these two tests. Moreover, we create a general framework to create
various i.i.d. tests. We apply tests to simulated data, both autoregressive
linear and heteroscedastic.


  Defining the extent of epistasis - the non-independence of the effects of
mutations - is essential for understanding the relationship of genotype,
phenotype, and fitness in biological systems. The applications cover many areas
of biological research, including biochemistry, genomics, protein and systems
engineering, medicine, and evolutionary biology. However, the quantitative
definitions of epistasis vary among fields, and its analysis beyond just
pairwise effects remains obscure in general. Here, we show that different
definitions of epistasis are versions of a single mathematical formalism - the
weighted Walsh-Hadamard transform. We discuss that one of the definitions, the
backgound-averaged epistasis, is the most informative when the goal is to
uncover the general epistatic structure of a biological system, a description
that can be rather different from the local epistatic structure of specific
model systems. Key issues are the choice of effective ensembles for averaging
and to practically contend with the vast combinatorial complexity of mutations.
In this regard, we discuss possible approaches for optimally learning the
epistatic structure of biological systems.


  We consider the radial transport of test particles due to the ExB drift
motion in the guiding center approximation. Using an explicit expression to
modify the electrostatic potential, we show that it is possible to construct a
transport barrier which suppresses radial transport. We propose an algorithm
for the implementation of this local modification computed from an
electrostatic potential known on a spatio-temporal grid. The number of
particles which escape the inner region defined by the barrier measures the
efficiency of the control. We show that the control is robust by showing a
significant reduction of radial transport, when applied with a reduced number
of probes aligned on a circle.


  V606 Centauri (V606 Cen) is an early B-type close binary with an orbital
period of 1.4950935\,d and the complete light curves are very difficult to be
observed on the ground. By analyzing the unbroken and continuous light curve
obtained by TESS, we found that it is a marginal contact binary with a very low
fill-out factor of about 2\%. The O-C diagram of V606 Cen is constructed for
the first time based on the 118.8-years eclipse times. It is found that the O-C
diagram shows a downward parabolic change together with a cyclic oscillation
with an amplitude of 0.0544\, d and a period of 88.8\, yr. The downward
parabolic variation reveals a linear period decrease at a rate of $dP/dt =
-2.06 \times{10^{-7}} d \cdot yr^{-1}$ that can be explained by the mass
transfer from the more massive component to the less massive one. Both the
marginal contact configuration and the continuous period decrease suggest that
V606 Cen is a newly formed contact binary via Case A mass transfer. Meanwhile,
the cyclic change in the O-C diagram can be explained by the Light-Travel Time
Effect via the presence of a third body. The lowest mass of the tertiary
companion is determined as M$_{3}$ = 4.51($\pm0.38$)M$_{\odot}$ that is
orbiting around the central eclipsing binary in a nearly circular orbit
(e=0.32). All the results indicate that V606 Cen is a newly formed massive
contact binary and just reaches the contact configuration during the mass
transfer in a hierarchical triple system.


  The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm can compute the
maximum-likelihood (ML) or maximum a posterior (MAP) point estimate of the
mixture models or latent variable models such as latent Dirichlet allocation
(LDA), which has been one of the most popular probabilistic topic modeling
methods in the past decade. However, batch EM has high time and space
complexities to learn big LDA models from big data streams. In this paper, we
present a fast online EM (FOEM) algorithm that infers the topic distribution
from the previously unseen documents incrementally with constant memory
requirements. Within the stochastic approximation framework, we show that FOEM
can converge to the local stationary point of the LDA's likelihood function. By
dynamic scheduling for the fast speed and parameter streaming for the low
memory usage, FOEM is more efficient for some lifelong topic modeling tasks
than the state-of-the-art online LDA algorithms to handle both big data and big
models (aka, big topic modeling) on just a PC.


  We show that for the edge ideals of the graphs consisting of one cycle or two
cycles of any length connected through a vertex or a path, the arithmetical
rank equals the projective dimension.


  This work concentrates on numerical simulations of Photonic Crystal
structures using basis-expansion methods, with a main focus on simulating
disorder. The plane-wave and guided-mode expansions are outlined as tools to
compute the Bloch modes of a structure, on the basis of which the Bloch-mode
expansion formalism is outlined - the latter allowing for simulations of large
structures in presence of disorder. As a first illustration of the method, we
apply it to three gentle-confinement cavities, to obtain results for their
quality factors similar to the theoretically predicted in the literature.
Furthermore, we compute that random disorder can drive those factors down to
the experimentally measured values. As a second application, we study the
effect of irregular hole shapes in a PHC waveguide, and find that the
correlation length of the irregularity (i.e. the typical scale of the roughness
of the features) matters: for higher correlation lengths, the computed modes
show both higher band broadening and higher loss rates.


  New QCD sum rules for the nucleon axial-vector current coupling constants are
derived. One set is derived from a generalized correlator of spin-1/2
interpolating fields, and the other with a mixed correlator of spin-1/2 and
spin-3/2 fields. Using a recently-developed Monte-Carlo based uncertainty
analysis and techniques for determining the optimal interpolating fields, the
predicative ability of QCD sum rules for axial-vector current coupling
constants are determined. We find the previous studies of this matrix element
are based on an invalid sum rule. A combined analysis of this sum rule together
with the nucleon mass sum rules yields $g_A=1.48\pm^{1.06}_{0.65}$. The
relative error of approximately 60% is large compared to a 10% error for the
nucleon mass obtained from the same input parameters.


  In this paper, we extend the implicit-explicit (IMEX) methods of Peer type
recently developed in [Lang, Hundsdorfer, J. Comp. Phys., 337:203--215, 2017]
to a broader class of two-step methods that allow the construction of
super-convergent IMEX-Peer methods with A-stable implicit part. IMEX schemes
combine the necessary stability of implicit and low computational costs of
explicit methods to efficiently solve systems of ordinary differential
equations with both stiff and non-stiff parts included in the source term. To
construct super-convergent IMEX-Peer methods with favourable stability
properties, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the coefficient
matrices and apply an extrapolation approach based on already computed stage
values. Optimised super-convergent IMEX-Peer methods of order s+1 for s=2,3,4
stages are given as result of a search algorithm carefully designed to balance
the size of the stability regions and the extrapolation errors. Numerical
experiments and a comparison to other IMEX-Peer methods are included.


  Staphylococcus aureus is a coccal bacterium, which divides by binary fission.
After division the cells remain attached giving rise to small clusters, with a
characteristic 'bunch of grapes' morphology. S. aureus is an important human
pathogen and this, combined with the increasing prevalence of
antibiotic-resistant strains, such as Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA),
make it an excellent subject for studies of new methods of antimicrobial
action. Many antibiotics, such as penicillin, prevent S. aureus cell division
and so an understanding of this fundamental process may pave the way to the
identification of novel drugs. We present here a novel image analysis framework
for automated detection and segmentation of cells in S. aureus clusters, and
identification of their cell division planes. We demonstrate the technique on
GFP labelled EzrA, a protein that localises to a mid-cell plane during division
and is involved in regulation of cell size and division. The algorithms may
have wider applicability in detecting morphologically complex structures of
fluorescently-labelled proteins within cells in other cell clusters.


  This submission has been withdrawn by arXiv administrators as it is a
machine-generated paper.


  Closed expressions are derived for the quantum measurement statistics of
pre-and postselected gaussian particle beams. The weakness of the pre-selection
step is shown to compete with the non-orthogonality of post-selection in a
transparent way. The approach is shown to be useful in analyzing
post-selection-based signal amplification, allowing measurements to be extended
far beyond the range of validity of the well-known Aharonov-Albert-Vaidman
limit.


  Andrews once gave $q$-analogues of a binomial congruence of Glaisher, and he
suggested perfect $q$-analogues. In this note we give ones meeting the demand
of Andrews.


  The European DataTAG project has taken a major step towards making the
concept of a worldwide computing Grid a reality. In collaboration with the
companion U.S. project iVDGL, DataTAG has realized an intercontinental testbed
spanning Europe and the U.S. integrating architecturally different Grid
implementations based on the Globus toolkit. The WorldGrid testbed has been
successfully demonstrated at SuperComputing 2002 and IST2002 where real HEP
application jobs were transparently submitted from U.S. and Europe using native
mechanisms and run where resources were available, independently of their
location. In this paper we describe the architecture of the WorldGrid testbed,
the problems encountered and the solutions taken in realizing such a testbed.
With our work we present an important step towards interoperability of Grid
middleware developed and deployed in Europe and the U.S.. Some of the solutions
developed in WorldGrid will be adopted by the LHC Computing Grid first service.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large-scale testbed that
combines middleware components and makes them work together.


  We develop and exactly solve a model for electrons driven by pulsed or
continuous ac fields. The theory includes both the photoexcitation process as
well as the subsequent acceleration of the electrons. In the case of an ac
response, we examine both the nonequilibrium density of states and the current.
In the case of pulsed light for high harmonic generation, we find the radiated
light assumes a nearly universal behavior, with only limited dependence on the
parameters of the system, except for the amplitude of the driving field, which
determines the range of high harmonics generated and a tendency toward a
narrowing of the peaks in a charge density wave versus a metal. This type of
high harmonic generation can potentially be used for the creation of
solid-state-based ultrafast light sources.


  This study aims to identify and isolate the role of properties of water with
respect to the shape of the first desorption isotherm of hardened cement
pastes. It has been observed that desorption occurs not only by receding
meniscus but is also affected by cavitation. Classical nucleation theory was
used to understand and examine parameters that influence cavitation. The
results show that the sudden moisture loss at 0.3 pv psat in desorption
isotherm occurs due to homogeneous cavitation. Further investigations revealed
that homogeneous cavitation occurs in the part of gel porosity that is
disconnected from the rest of capillary pores in the pore network.


  We present a multiwavelength investigation of the young stellar population
and star formation activities around the \hii region Sharpless 311. Using our
deep near-infrared observations and archival {\it Spitzer}-IRAC observations,
we have detected a total of 125 young stellar objects (YSOs) in an area of
$\sim$86 arcmin$^2$. The YSOs sample include 8 Class I and 117 Class II
candidate YSOs. The mass completeness of the identified YSOs sample is
estimated to be 1.0 \msun. The ages and masses of the majority of the candidate
YSOs are estimated to be in the range of $\sim$0.1$-$5 Myr and $\sim$0.3$-$6
\msun, respectively. The 8 \mum image of S311 displays an approximately
spherical cavity around the ionizing source which is possibly created due to
the expansion of the \hii region. The spatial distribution of the candidate
YSOs reveals that a significant number of them are distributed systematically
along the 8 $\mu$m emission with a majority clustered around the eastern border
of the \hii region. Four clumps/compact \hii regions are detected in the radio
continuum observations at 1280 MHz, which might have been formed during the
expansion of the \hii region. The estimated dynamical age of the region,
main-sequence lifetime of the ionizing source, the spatial distribution and
ages of the candidate YSOs indicate triggered star formation in the complex.


  Large pre-trained language models have shown promise for few-shot learning,
completing text-based tasks given only a few task-specific examples. Will
models soon solve classification tasks that have so far been reserved for human
research assistants? Existing benchmarks are not designed to measure progress
in applied settings, and so don't directly answer this question. The RAFT
benchmark (Real-world Annotated Few-shot Tasks) focuses on naturally occurring
tasks and uses an evaluation setup that mirrors deployment. Baseline
evaluations on RAFT reveal areas current techniques struggle with: reasoning
over long texts and tasks with many classes. Human baselines show that some
classification tasks are difficult for non-expert humans, reflecting that
real-world value sometimes depends on domain expertise. Yet even non-expert
human baseline F1 scores exceed GPT-3 by an average of 0.11. The RAFT datasets
and leaderboard will track which model improvements translate into real-world
benefits at https://raft.elicit.org .


  The sulfur abundance is poorly known in most environments. Yet, deriving the
sulfur abundance is key to understanding the evolution of the chemistry from
molecular clouds to planetary atmospheres. We present observations of H$_2$S
110-101 at 168.763 GHz toward the Herbig Ae star AB Aur. We aim to study the
abundance of sulfuretted species toward AB Aur and to constrain how different
species and phases contribute to the sulfur budget. We present new NOrthern
Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometric observations of the continuum
and H$_2$S 110-101 line at 168.763 GHz toward AB Aur. We derived radial and
azimuthal profiles and used them to compare the geometrical distribution of
different species in the disk. Assuming local thermodynamical equilibrium
(LTE), we derived column density and abundance maps for H$_2$S, and we further
used Nautilus to produce a more detailed model of the chemical abundances at
different heights over the mid-plane at a distance of r=200 au. We have
resolved H$_2$S emission in the AB Aur protoplanetary disk. The emission comes
from a ring extending from 0.67 (109 au) to 1.69 (275 au). Under simple
assumptions, we derived an abundance of (3.1$\pm$0.8)$\times$10$\rm ^{-10}$
with respect to H nuclei, which we compare with Nautilus models to deepen our
understanding of the sulfur chemistry in protoplanetary disks. Chemical models
indicate that H$-2$S is an important sulfur carrier in the solid and gas phase.
We also find an important transition at a height of 12 au, where the sulfur
budget moves from being dominated by ice species to being dominated by gas
species. Studying sulfuretted species in detail in the different phases of the
interstellar medium is key to solving the issue.


  We study some features of entropic force approach in the presence of a
noncommutative Schwarzschild-deSitter black hole. In this setup, there exists a
similarity between the small and large scales. There are two finite cut-off in
very short and long distances wherein the force and energy graph stop abruptly
at those scales. We find that the existence of a deSitter core around the
origin, induced by noncommutativity, in addition to a standard deSitter
background at large scale may lead to a violation of the equivalence principle.
Finally in order to directly observe the finite cut-off at short-scale gravity,
caused by noncommutativity quantum fluctuations, we derive an effective
gravitational constant.


  With a large amount of open satellite multispectral imagery (e.g., Sentinel-2
and Landsat-8), considerable attention has been paid to global multispectral
land cover classification. However, its limited spectral information hinders
further improving the classification performance. Hyperspectral imaging enables
discrimination between spectrally similar classes but its swath width from
space is narrow compared to multispectral ones. To achieve accurate land cover
classification over a large coverage, we propose a cross-modality feature
learning framework, called common subspace learning (CoSpace), by jointly
considering subspace learning and supervised classification. By locally
aligning the manifold structure of the two modalities, CoSpace linearly learns
a shared latent subspace from hyperspectral-multispectral(HS-MS)
correspondences. The multispectral out-of-samples can be then projected into
the subspace, which are expected to take advantages of rich spectral
information of the corresponding hyperspectral data used for learning, and thus
leads to a better classification. Extensive experiments on two simulated HSMS
datasets (University of Houston and Chikusei), where HS-MS data sets have
trade-offs between coverage and spectral resolution, are performed to
demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method in
comparison with previous state-of-the-art methods.


  On a compact strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold $(M,\th)$, we consider the CR
Yamabe constant of its infinite conformal covering. By using the maximum
principles, we then prove a uniqueness theorem for the CR Yamabe flow on a
complete noncompact CR manifold. Finally we obtain some properties of the CR
Yamabe soliton on complete noncompact CR manifolds.


  A model independent theoretical analysis of recent experimental data on
deuteron photodisintegration with polarized laser beams is presented. We find
that it is important to distinguish between the three isovector E1 amplitudes
$E1_v^j$ in reaction channels with total angular momentum $j=0,1,2$ and that
the isoscalar M1 amplitude $M1_s$ is non-zero in the photon energy range $3.5
MeV < E_\gamma < 10 MeV$


  We study a natural birational invariant for varieties over finite fields and
show that its vanishing on projective space is equivalent to the Tate
conjecture, the Beilinson conjecture, and the Grothendieck--Serre
semi-simplicity conjecture for all smooth projective varieties over finite
fields. We further show that the Tate, Beilinson, and 1-semi-simplicity
conjecture in half of the degrees implies those conjectures in all degrees.


  The class of `Asymmetric Dark Matter' scenarios relies on the existence of a
primordial particle/anti-particle asymmetry in the dark sector related to the
baryon asymmetry as a way to address the observed similarity between the
baryonic and dark matter energy densities today. Focusing on this framework we
calculate the evolution of the dark matter relic abundance in the presence of
particle/anti-particle oscillations. We show how oscillations re-open the
parameter space of asymmetric dark matter models, in particular in the
direction of allowing large (WIMP-scale) DM masses. Finally, we constrain the
parameter space in this framework by applying up-to-date bounds from indirect
detection signals on annihilating DM.


  This paper proposes an accelerated proximal point method for maximally
monotone operators. The proof is computer-assisted via the performance
estimation problem approach. The proximal point method includes various
well-known convex optimization methods, such as the proximal method of
multipliers and the alternating direction method of multipliers, and thus the
proposed acceleration has wide applications. Numerical experiments are
presented to demonstrate the accelerating behaviors.


  Explicit formulae for asymptotic expansions of Feynman diagrams in typical
limits of momenta and masses with external legs on the mass shell are
presented.


  We derive an expression for the spin-current through a tunnel barrier in
terms of many-body Green's functions. The spin current has two contributions.
One can be associated with angular-momentum transfer by spin-polarized charge
currents crossing the junction. If there are magnetic moments on both sides of
the tunnel junction, due to spin accumulation or ferromagnetic ordering, then
there is a second contribution related to the exchange coupling between the
moments.


  The interaction between graphene and metals represents an important issue for
the large-area preparation of graphene, graphene transfer and the contact
quality in graphene devices. We demonstrate a simple method for estimating and
manipulating the level of interaction between graphene and copper single
crystals through heat treatment, at temperatures from 298K to 1073K. We
performed an in-situ Raman spectroscopy showing Cu face-specific behavior of
the overlying graphene during the heat treatment. On Cu(111) the interaction is
consistent with theoretical predictions and remains stable, whereas on Cu(100)
and Cu(110), the initially very weak interaction and charge transfer can be
tuned by heating. Our results also suggest that graphene grown on Cu(100) and
Cu(110) is detached from the copper substrate, thereby possibly enabling an
easier graphene transfer process as compared to Cu (111).


  By tempered Monte Carlo simulations, we study site-diluted Ising systems of
magnetic dipoles. All dipoles are randomly placed on a fraction x of all L^3
sites of a simple cubic lattice, and point along a given crystalline axis. For
x_c< x<=1, where x_c = 0.65, we find an antiferromagnetic phase below a
temperature which vanishes as x tends to x_c from above. At lower values of x,
we find an equilibrium spin-glass (SG) phase below a temperature given by k_B
T_{sg} = x e_d, where e_d is a nearest neighbor dipole-dipole interaction
energy. We study (a) the relative mean square deviation D_q^2 of |q|, where q
is the SG overlap parameter, and (b) xi_L/L, where xi_L is a correlation
length. From their variation with temperature and system size, we determine
T_{sg}. In the SG phase, we find (i) the mean values <|q|> and <q^2> decrease
algebraically with L as L increases, (ii) double peaked, but wide,
distributions of q/<|q|> appear to be independent of L, and (iii) xi_L/L rises
with L at constant T, but extrapolations to 1/L -> 0 give finite values. All of
this is consistent with quasi-long-range order in the SG phase.


  The status of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff and pair-production
dip in Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) is discussed.They are the features
in the spectrum of protons propagating through CMB radiation in extragalactic
space, and discovery of these features implies that primary particles are
mostly extragalactic protons. The spectra measured by AGASA, Yakutsk, HiRes and
Auger detectors are in good agreement with the pair-production dip, and HiRes
data have strong evidences for the GZK cutoff. The Auger spectrum,as presented
at the 30th ICRC 2007, agrees with the GZK cutoff, too. The AGASA data agree
well with the beginning of the GZK cutoff at E \leq 80 EeV, but show the excess
of events at higher energies, the origin of which is not understood. The
difference in the absolute fluxes measured by different detectors disappears
after energy shift within the systematic errors of each experiment.


  We report a combined theoretical and experimental search for thermoelectric
materials based on semiconducting zinc antimony. Influence of three new doping
elements (sodium, potassium and boron) on the electronic properties is
investigated as well as the carrier concentration and temperature dependence of
the thermoelectric coefficients obtained through density-functional
calculations and Boltzmann transport theory. Distortion of the electron
arrangement caused by the doping elements is displayed as a deformation charge
density around the atoms. Based on the band structures, the density of states
and the transport properties, we find that the presence of Na and K in the ZnSb
matrix leads to a slightly improved p-type conductivity while the B
substitution leads to a n-type doping. Due to the stronger need of obtaining a
n-type ZnSb based material, the B0.01Zn0.99Sb structure has been transferred to
the laboratory in order to be synthesized by direct melting. The sample is
investigated by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy.


  At the Astrochemistry Focus Group, we discussed what is still missing in our
understanding even with new knowledge given at this conference, and what can be
done for that within 10 years from now. Still missing in understanding are
UV-photons and cosmic-rays interactions with icy dust grains, Sulphur and
Phosphorus chemistry, Metallicity effect, Duration (time) effect, COM formation
and destruction, phase transition, dust-gas interface, dust evolution, etc.
What we should do are multi-scale high spectral resolution molecular
observations, laboratory work, theory, radiative transfer, etc. We need careful
modeling without simplifying things. Next, I introduce our research on Planck
cold clumps. We observed thirteen Planck cold clumps with the James Clerk
Maxwell Telescope/SCUBA-2 and with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope. The
N$_2$H$^+$ distribution obtained with the Nobeyama telescope is quite similar
to SCUBA-2 dust distribution. The 82 GHz HC$_3$N, 82 GHz CCS, and 94 GHz CCS
emission are often distributed differently with respect to the N$_2$H$^+$
emission. The CCS emission, which is known to be abundant in starless molecular
cloud cores, is often very clumpy in the observed targets. We made deep
single-pointing observations in DNC, HN$^{13}$C, N$_2$D$^+$, cyclic C$_3$H$_2$
toward nine clumps. The detection rate of N$_2$D$^+$ is 50\%. In two of the
starless clumps observe, the CCS emission is distributed as it surrounds the
N$_2$H$^+$ core (chemically evolved gas), which resembles the case of L1544, a
prestellar core showing collapse. In addition, we detected both DNC and
N$_2$D$^+$. These two clumps are most likely on the verge of star formation. We
introduce the Chemical Evolution Factor (CEF) for starless cores to describe
the chemical evolutionary stage, and analyze the observed Planck cold clumps.


  We build a comprehensive sample to statistically describe the properties of
X-ray flashes (XRFs) and X-ray riches (XRRs) from the latest third Swift Burst
Alert Telescope (BAT3) catalog of Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We obtain 81 XRFs,
540 XRRs, and 394 classical GRBs (C-GRBs). We statistically explore the
different properties of the $\gamma$-ray prompt emission, the X-ray emission,
the X-ray lightcurve type, the association with supernovae (SNe), and the host
galaxy properties for these sources. We confirm that most XRFs/XRRs are long
GRBs with low values of peak energy $E^{obs}_{peak}$ and they are
low-luminosity GRBs. XRFs, XRRs, and C-GRBs follow the same
$E_{X,iso}$-$E_{\gamma,iso}$-$E_{peak,z}$ correlations. Compared to the
classical GRBs, XRFs are favorable to have the association with SN explosions.
We do not find any significant differences of redshift distribution and host
galaxy properties among XRFs, XRRs, and C-GRBs. We also discuss some
observational biases and selection effects that may affect on our statistical
results. The GRB detectors with wide energy range and low energy threshold are
expected for the XRF/XRR research in the future.


  We present an investigation into diffusion models for molecular generation,
with the aim of better understanding how their predictions compare to the
results of physics-based calculations. The investigation into these models is
driven by their potential to significantly accelerate electronic structure
calculations using machine learning, without requiring expensive
first-principles datasets for training interatomic potentials. We find that the
inference process of a popular diffusion model for de novo molecular generation
is divided into an exploration phase, where the model chooses the atomic
species, and a relaxation phase, where it adjusts the atomic coordinates to
find a low-energy geometry. As training proceeds, we show that the model
initially learns about the first-order structure of the potential energy
surface, and then later learns about higher-order structure. We also find that
the relaxation phase of the diffusion model can be re-purposed to sample the
Boltzmann distribution over conformations and to carry out structure
relaxations. For structure relaxations, the model finds geometries with ~10x
lower energy than those produced by a classical force field for small organic
molecules. Initializing a density functional theory (DFT) relaxation at the
diffusion-produced structures yields a >2x speedup to the DFT relaxation when
compared to initializing at structures relaxed with a classical force field.


  Distant supervision (DS) is a well-established method for relation extraction
from text, based on the assumption that when a knowledge-base contains a
relation between a term pair, then sentences that contain that pair are likely
to express the relation. In this paper, we use the results of a crowdsourcing
relation extraction task to identify two problems with DS data quality: the
widely varying degree of false positives across different relations, and the
observed causal connection between relations that are not considered by the DS
method. The crowdsourcing data aggregation is performed using ambiguity-aware
CrowdTruth metrics, that are used to capture and interpret inter-annotator
disagreement. We also present preliminary results of using the crowd to enhance
DS training data for a relation classification model, without requiring the
crowd to annotate the entire set.


  In genetic studies, haplotype data provide more refined information than data
about separate genetic markers. However, large-scale studies that genotype
hundreds to thousands of individuals may only provide results of pooled data,
where only the total allele counts of each marker in each pool are reported.
Methods for inferring haplotype frequencies from pooled genetic data that scale
well with pool size rely on a normal approximation, which we observe to produce
unreliable inference when applied to real data. We illustrate cases where the
approximation breaks down, due to the normal covariance matrix being
near-singular. As an alternative to approximate methods, in this paper we
propose exact methods to infer haplotype frequencies from pooled genetic data
based on a latent multinomial model, where the observed allele counts are
considered integer combinations of latent, unobserved haplotype counts. One of
our methods, latent count sampling via Markov bases, achieves approximately
linear runtime with respect to pool size. Our exact methods produce more
accurate inference over existing approximate methods for synthetic data and for
data based on haplotype information from the 1000 Genomes Project. We also
demonstrate how our methods can be applied to time-series of pooled genetic
data, as a proof of concept of how our methods are relevant to more complex
hierarchical settings, such as spatiotemporal models.


  We consider the extensions of modal transition systems (MTS), namely Boolean
MTS and parametric MTS and we investigate the refinement problems over both
classes. Firstly, we reduce the problem of modal refinement over both classes
to a problem solvable by a QBF solver and provide experimental results showing
our technique scales well. Secondly, we extend the algorithm for thorough
refinement of MTS providing better complexity then via reductions to previously
studied problems. Finally, we investigate the relationship between modal and
thorough refinement on the two classes and show how the thorough refinement can
be approximated by the modal refinement.


  This paper considers general features of the derivative expansion of Feynman
diagram contributions to the four-graviton scattering amplitude in
eleven-dimensional supergravity compactified on a two-torus. These are
translated into statements about interactions of the form D^2k R^4 in type II
superstring theories, assuming the standard M-theory/string theory duality
relationships, which provide powerful constraints on the effective
interactions. In the ten-dimensional IIA limit we find that there can be no
perturbative contributions beyond k string loops (for k>0). Furthermore, the
genus h=k contributions are determined exactly by the one-loop
eleven-dimensional supergravity amplitude for all values of k. A plausible
interpretation of these observations is that the sum of h-loop Feynman diagrams
of maximally extended supergravity is less divergent than might be expected and
could be ultraviolet finite in dimensions d < 4 + 6/h -- the same bound as for
N=4 Yang--Mills.


  We prove some new statements on the distribution of $\mathcal{B}$-free
numbers in short intervals. In particular, we show an asymptotic result for the
variance of the number of $\mathcal{B}$-free integers in random short intervals
which are, in some sense, uniformly distributed.
  We establish a connection between our work and the paper by El Abdalaoui,
Lema\'nczyk & de la Rue on a flow associated to $\mathcal{B}$-free integers. In
addition, we study an analog of our variance for $k$-free integers in a number
field which provides new information for the corresponding dynamical system
constructed by Cellarosi & Vinogradov.


  The fine-grained attribute descriptions can significantly supplement the
valuable semantic information for person image, which is vital to the success
of person re-identification (ReID) task. However, current ReID algorithms
typically failed to effectively leverage the rich contextual information
available, primarily due to their reliance on simplistic and coarse utilization
of image attributes. Recent advances in artificial intelligence generated
content have made it possible to automatically generate plentiful fine-grained
attribute descriptions and make full use of them. Thereby, this paper explores
the potential of using the generated multiple person attributes as prompts in
ReID tasks with off-the-shelf (large) models for more accurate retrieval
results. To this end, we present a new framework called Multi-Prompts ReID
(MP-ReID), based on prompt learning and language models, to fully dip fine
attributes to assist ReID task. Specifically, MP-ReID first learns to
hallucinate diverse, informative, and promptable sentences for describing the
query images. This procedure includes (i) explicit prompts of which attributes
a person has and furthermore (ii) implicit learnable prompts for
adjusting/conditioning the criteria used towards this person identity matching.
Explicit prompts are obtained by ensembling generation models, such as ChatGPT
and VQA models. Moreover, an alignment module is designed to fuse multi-prompts
(i.e., explicit and implicit ones) progressively and mitigate the cross-modal
gap. Extensive experiments on the existing attribute-involved ReID datasets,
namely, Market1501 and DukeMTMC-reID, demonstrate the effectiveness and
rationality of the proposed MP-ReID solution.


  For a triple consisting of a weakly negative definite plumbed 3-manifold, a
root lattice, and a generalized $\mathrm{Spin}^c$-structure, we construct a
family of invariants in the form of a Laurent series. Each series is an
invariant of the triple up to orientation preserving homeomorphisms and the
action of the Weyl group. We show that there are infinitely many such series
for irreducible root lattices of rank at least 2, with each series depending on
a solution to a combinatorial puzzle defined on the root lattice. Our series
recover certain related series recently defined by Gukov-Pei-Putrov-Vafa,
Gukov-Manolescu, Park and Ri as special cases. Explicit computations are given
for Brieskorn homology spheres, for which the series may be expressed as
modified higher rank false theta functions.


  The Bloch vector's path of a two-level system exposed to a monochromatic
field exhibits, in the regime of strong coupling, complex corkscrew
trajectories. By considering the infinitesimal evolution of the two-level
system when the field is treated as a classical object, we show that the Bloch
vector's rotation speed oscillates between zero and twice the rotation speed
predicted by the rotating wave approximation. Cusps appear when the rotation
speed vanishes. We prove analytically that in correspondence to cusps the
curvature of the Bloch vector's path diverges. On the other hand, numerical
data show that the curvature is very large even for a quantum field in the deep
quantum regime with mean number of photons $\bar{n}\lesssim 1$. We finally
compute numerically the typical error size in a quantum gate when the terms
beyond rotating wave approximation are neglected.


  We propose an evolution equation for unintegrated gluon densities that is
valid for large values of the QCD coupling constant $\bar{\alpha} _s$. Our
approach is based on the linear resummation model introduced by Sta\'{s}to. We
generalize the model including a non-linear term in the diffusive regime. The
validity of the diffusive evolution at strong coupling is supported by the
AdS/CFT consideration, as well as perturbative arguments. We solve the
evolution equation numerically and extract the saturation scale, which we
compare with the weak coupling counterpart.


  Let $s,t$ be natural numbers, and fix an $s$-core partition $\sigma$ and a
$t$-core partition $\tau$. Put $d=\gcd(s,t)$ and $m= lcm(s,t)$, and write
$N_{\sigma, \tau}(k)$ for the number of $m$-core partitions of length no
greater than $k$ whose $s$-core is $\sigma$ and $t$-core is $\tau$. We prove
that for $k$ large, $N_{\sigma, \tau}(k)$ is a quasipolynomial of period $m$
and degree $\frac{1}{d}(s-d)(t-d)$.


  In this paper, we present a mathematical and numerical model for blood
solidification and its rupture in stenosed arteries. The interaction between
the blood flow and an existing stenosis in the arterial wall is modeled as a
three dimensional fluid-structure interaction problem. The blood is assumed to
be a non-Newtonian incompressible fluid with a time-dependent viscosity that
obeys a modified Carreau's model and the flow dynamics is described by the
Navier-Stokes equations. Whereas, the arterial wall is considered a
hyperelastic material whose displacement satisfies the quasi-static equilibrium
equations. Numerical simulations are performed using FreeFem++ on a two
dimensional domain. We investigate the behavior of the viscosity of blood, its
speed and the maximum shear stress. From the numerical results, blood
recirculation zones have been identified. Moreover, a zone of the blood of high
viscosity and low speed has been observed directly after the stenosis in the
flow direction. This zone may correspond to a blood accumulation and then
solidification zone that is subjected to shear stress by the blood flow and to
forces exerted by the artery wall deformation. Therefore, this zone is thought
to break and then to release a blood clot that leads to the occlusion of small
arterioles.


  We generalize to noncommutative cylinder the solution generation technique,
originally suggested for gauge theories on noncommutative plane. For this
purpose we construct partial isometry operators and complete set of orthogonal
projectors in the algebra of the cylinder, and an isomorphism between the free
module and its direct sum with the Fock module on the cylinder. We construct
explicitly the gauge theory soliton and evaluate the spectrum of perturbations
about this soliton.


  If light new physics with lepton-flavor-violating couplings exists, the prime
discovery channel might not be $\ell\to\ell'\gamma$ but rather $\ell\to\ell'
X$, where the new boson $X$ could be an axion, majoron, familon or Z' gauge
boson. The most conservative bound then comes from $\ell\to\ell'+\mathrm{inv}$,
but if the on-shell $X$ can decay back into leptons or photons,
displaced-vertex searches could give much better limits. We show that only a
narrow region in parameter space allows for displaced vertices in muon decays,
$\mu\to e X, X\to \gamma\gamma, ee$, whereas tauon decays can have much more
interesting signatures.


  We grow $^{28}$Si/SiGe heterostructures by reduced-pressure chemical vapor
deposition and terminate the stack without an epitaxial Si cap but with an
amorphous Si-rich layer obtained by exposing the SiGe barrier to dichlorosilane
at 500 {\deg}C. As a result, $^{28}$Si/SiGe heterostructure field-effect
transistors feature a sharp semiconductor/dielectric interface and support a
two-dimensional electron gas with enhanced and more uniform transport
properties across a 100 mm wafer. At T = 1.7 K we measure a high mean mobility
of (1.8$\pm$0.5)$\times$10$^5$ cm$^2$/Vs and a low mean percolation density of
(9$\pm$1)$\times$10$^{10}$ cm$^{-2}$. From the analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas
oscillations at T = 190 mK we obtain a long mean single particle relaxation
time of (8.1$\pm$0.5) ps, corresponding to a mean quantum mobility and quantum
level broadening of (7.5$\pm$0.6)$\times$10$^4$ cm$^{2}$/Vs and (40$\pm$3)
$\mu$eV, respectively, and a small mean Dingle ratio of (2.3$\pm$0.2),
indicating reduced scattering from long range impurities and a low-disorder
environment for hosting high-performance spin-qubits.


  Reactor neutrinos play an important role in determining parameter theta_{13}
in the lepton mixing (PMNS) matrix. A next important step on measuring PMNS
matrix could be to build another reactor neutrino experiment, for example, DaYa
bay in China, to search the possible oscillations via sin^2 (2theta_{13}) and
Delta m^2_{13}. We consider 4 different schemes for positions of three 8-ton
detectors of this experiment, and simulate the results with respect to an array
of assumed ''true'' values of physics parameters. Using three kinds of analysis
method, we suggest a best scheme for this experiment which is to place a
detector 2200m ~ 2500m symmetrically away from two reactors, and to put the
other two detectors closer to their corresponding reactors respectively, almost
at a 100m ~ 200m distance. Moreover, with conservative assumption on the
experimental technique, we construct series of allowed regions from our
simulation results, and give detailed explanations therein.


  This paper studies a one-sector optimal growth model with i.i.d. productivity
shocks that are allowed to be unbounded. The utility function is assumed to be
non-negative and unbounded from above. The novel feature in our framework is
that the agent has risk sensitive preferences in the sense of Hansen and
Sargent (1995). Under mild assumptions imposed on the productivity and utility
functions we prove that the maximal discounted non-expected utility in the
infinite time horizon satisfies the optimality equation and the agent possesses
a stationary optimal policy. A new point used in our analysis is an inequality
for the so-called associated random variables. We also establish the Euler
equation that incorporates the solution to the optimality equation.


  In this paper, we will prove the existence of infinitely many positive
solutions to the following supercritical problem by using the Liapunov-Schmidt
reduction method and asymptotic analysis:
  {ll}\Delta u + u^{p}+f(x)=0, u>0 {in} R^{n},
  \lim_{|x|\to\infty}u(x)\to 0.


  We study the connectedness of the moduli space of gauge equivalence classes
of flat G-connections on a compact orientable surface or a compact
nonorientable surface for a class of compact connected Lie groups. This class
includes all the compact, connected, simply connected Lie groups, and some
non-semisimple classical groups including U(n) and Spin^C(n).


  We introduce Dynamic Distinction Learning (DDL) for Video Anomaly Detection,
a novel video anomaly detection methodology that combines pseudo-anomalies,
dynamic anomaly weighting, and a distinction loss function to improve detection
accuracy. By training on pseudo-anomalies, our approach adapts to the
variability of normal and anomalous behaviors without fixed anomaly thresholds.
Our model showcases superior performance on the Ped2, Avenue and ShanghaiTech
datasets, where individual models are tailored for each scene. These
achievements highlight DDL's effectiveness in advancing anomaly detection,
offering a scalable and adaptable solution for video surveillance challenges.


  This paper focuses on how to approximate traveling wave solutions for various
kinds of partial differential equations via artificial neural networks. A
traveling wave solution is hard to obtain with traditional numerical methods
when the corresponding wave speed is unknown in advance. We propose a novel
method to approximate both the traveling wave solution and the unknown wave
speed via a neural network and an additional free parameter. We proved that
under a mild assumption, the neural network solution converges to the analytic
solution and the free parameter accurately approximates the wave speed as the
corresponding loss tends to zero for the Keller-Segel equation. We also
demonstrate in the experiments that reducing loss through training assures an
accurate approximation of the traveling wave solution and the wave speed for
the Keller-Segel equation, the Allen-Cahn model with relaxation, and the
Lotka-Volterra competition model.


  Different two-dimensional materials, when combined together to form
heterostructures, can exhibit exciting properties that do not exist in
individual components. Therefore, intensive research efforts have been devoted
to their fabrication and characterization. Previously, vertical and in-plane
two-dimensional heterostructures have been formed by mechanical stacking and
chemical vapor deposition. Here we report a new material system that can form
in-plane p-n junctions by thermal conversion of n-type SnSe2 to p-type SnSe.
Through scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies, we
find that these two distinctively different lattices can form atomically sharp
interfaces and have a type II to nearly type III band alignment. We also
demonstrate that this method can be used to create micron sized in-plane p-n
junctions at predefined locations. These findings pave the way for further
exploration of the intriguing properties of the SnSe2-SnSe heterostructure.


  Compressive Sensing theory says that it is possible to reconstruct a measured
signal if an enough sparse representation of this signal exists in comparison
to the number of random measurements. This theory was applied to reconstruct
signals from measurements of plastic scintillators. Sparse representation of
obtained signals was found using SVD transform.


  This paper describes our approach for SemEval-2023 Task 3: Detecting the
category, the framing, and the persuasion techniques in online news in a
multi-lingual setup. For Subtask 1 (News Genre), we propose an ensemble of
fully trained and adapter mBERT models which was ranked joint-first for German,
and had the highest mean rank of multi-language teams. For Subtask 2 (Framing),
we achieved first place in 3 languages, and the best average rank across all
the languages, by using two separate ensembles: a monolingual
RoBERTa-MUPPETLARGE and an ensemble of XLM-RoBERTaLARGE with adapters and task
adaptive pretraining. For Subtask 3 (Persuasion Techniques), we train a
monolingual RoBERTa-Base model for English and a multilingual mBERT model for
the remaining languages, which achieved top 10 for all languages, including 2nd
for English. For each subtask, we compared monolingual and multilingual
approaches, and considered class imbalance techniques.


  Protoclusters, the progenitors of galaxy clusters, trace large scale
structures in the early Universe and are important to our understanding of
structure formation and galaxy evolution. To date, only a handful of
protoclusters have been identified in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). As one
of the rarest populations in the early Universe, distant quasars that host
active supermassive black holes are thought to reside in the most massive dark
matter halos at that cosmic epoch, and could thus potentially pinpoint some of
the earliest protoclusters. In this letter, we report the discovery of a
massive protocluster around a luminous quasar at $z=6.63$. This protocluster is
anchored by the quasar, and includes three [CII] emitters at $z\sim6.63$, 12
spectroscopically confirmed Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs) at $6.54<z\le6.64$, and
a large number of narrow-band imaging selected LAE candidates at the same
redshift. This structure has an overall overdensity of
$\delta=3.3^{+1.1}_{-0.9}$ within $\sim35\times74$ cMpc$^2$ on the sky and an
extreme overdensity of $\delta>30$ in its central region (i.e., $R\lesssim2$
cMpc). We estimate that this protocluster will collapse into a galaxy cluster
with a mass of $6.9^{+1.2}_{-1.4}\times10^{15}~M_\odot$ at the current epoch,
more massive than the most massive clusters known in the local Universe such as
Coma. In the quasar vicinity, we discover a double-peaked LAE which implies
that the quasar has a UV lifetime greater than 0.8 Myrs and has already ionized
its surrounding intergalactic medium.


  Leveraging multimodal information from biosignals is vital for building a
comprehensive representation of people's physical and mental states. However,
multimodal biosignals often exhibit substantial distributional shifts between
pretraining and inference datasets, stemming from changes in task specification
or variations in modality compositions. To achieve effective pretraining in the
presence of potential distributional shifts, we propose a frequency-aware
masked autoencoder ($\texttt{bio}$FAME) that learns to parameterize the
representation of biosignals in the frequency space. $\texttt{bio}$FAME
incorporates a frequency-aware transformer, which leverages a fixed-size
Fourier-based operator for global token mixing, independent of the length and
sampling rate of inputs. To maintain the frequency components within each input
channel, we further employ a frequency-maintain pretraining strategy that
performs masked autoencoding in the latent space. The resulting architecture
effectively utilizes multimodal information during pretraining, and can be
seamlessly adapted to diverse tasks and modalities at test time, regardless of
input size and order. We evaluated our approach on a diverse set of transfer
experiments on unimodal time series, achieving an average of $\uparrow$5.5%
improvement in classification accuracy over the previous state-of-the-art.
Furthermore, we demonstrated that our architecture is robust in modality
mismatch scenarios, including unpredicted modality dropout or substitution,
proving its practical utility in real-world applications. Code is available at
https://github.com/apple/ml-famae .


  Atomic-scale topography of epitaxial multilayer graphene grown on
4H-SiC(0001) was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
Bunched nano-ridges ten times smaller than previously recorded were observed
throughout the surface, the morphology of which was systematically altered
using a relatively new technique called electrostatic-manipulation scanning
tunneling microscopy. Transformed graphene formations sometimes spontaneously
returned to their original morphology, while others permanently changed. Using
an electrostatic model, we calculate that a force up to ~5 nN was exerted by
the STM tip, and an energy of around 10 eV was required to alter the geometry
of a ~100 X 200 nm^2 area.


  We present the B-fields mapped in IRDC G34.43+0.24 using 850\,$\mu$m
polarized dust emission observed with the POL-2 instrument at JCMT. We examine
the magnetic field geometries and strengths in the northern, central, and
southern regions of the filament. The overall field geometry is ordered and
aligned closely perpendicular to the filament's main axis, particularly in
regions containing the central clumps MM1 and MM2, whereas MM3 in the north has
field orientations aligned with its major axis. The overall field orientations
are uniform at large (POL-2 at 14$\arcsec$ and SHARP at 10$\arcsec$) to small
scales (TADPOL at 2.5$\arcsec$ and SMA at 1.5$\arcsec$) in the MM1 and MM2
regions. SHARP/CSO observations in MM3 at 350\,$\mu$m from Tang et al. show a
similar trend as seen in our POL-2 observations. TADPOL observations
demonstrate a well-defined field geometry in MM1/MM2 consistent with MHD
simulations of accreting filaments. We obtained a plane-of-sky magnetic field
strength of 470$\pm$190\,$\mu$G, 100$\pm$40\,$\mu$G, and 60$\pm$34\,$\mu$G in
the central, northern and southern regions of G34, respectively, using the
updated Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi relation. The estimated value of field
strength, combined with column density and velocity dispersion values available
in the literature, suggests G34 to be marginally critical with criticality
parameter $\rm \lambda$ values 0.8$\pm$0.4, 1.1$\pm$0.8, and 0.9$\pm$0.5 in the
central, northern, and southern regions, respectively. The turbulent motions in
G34 are sub-Alfv\'{e}nic with Alfv\'{e}nic Mach numbers of 0.34$\pm$0.13,
0.53$\pm$0.30, and 0.49$\pm$0.26 in the three regions. The observed aligned
B-fields in G34.43+0.24 are consistent with theoretical models suggesting that
B-fields play an important role in guiding the contraction of the cloud driven
by gravity.


  Mechanical coupling between a cell and substrate relies on focal adhesions,
clusters of adhesion proteins linking stress fibers (bundles of actin proteins)
inside the cell with surrounding tissue. Focal adhesions have been demonstrated
to both measure and regulate the mechanical traction along the stress fibers.
We present a quantitative model for focal adhesion mechano-sensing and stress
regulation based on stress amplification at the critical point of a
condensation transition of the adhesion proteins.


  A renormalized group improved Schwarzschild black hole spacetime contains two
quantum correction parameters. One parameter $\gamma$ represents the
identification of cutoff of the distance scale, and another parameter $\Omega$
stems from nonperturbative renormalization group theory. The two parameters are
constrained by the data from the shadow of M87* central black hole. The
dynamics of electrically charged test particles around the black hole are
integrable. However, when the black hole is immersed in an external
asymptotically uniform magnetic field, the dynamics are not integrable and may
allow for the occurrence of chaos. % English Editor: %Please verify that the
intended meaning has been retained. Employing an explicit symplectic
integrator, we survey the contributions of the two parameters to the chaotic
dynamical behavior. It is found that a small change of the parameter $\gamma$
constrained by the shadow of M87* black hole has an almost negligible effect on
the dynamical transition of particles from order to chaos. However, a small
decrease in the parameter $\Omega$ leads to an enhancement in the strength of
chaos from the global phase space structure. A theoretical interpretation is
given to the different contributions. The term with the parameter $\Omega$
dominates the term with the parameter $\gamma$, even if the two parameters have
same values. % English Editor: Please verify %that the intended meaning has
been retained. In particular, the parameter $\Omega$ acts as a repulsive force,
and its decrease means a weakening of the repulsive force or equivalently
enhancing the attractive force from the black hole. On the other hand, there is
a positive Lyapunov exponent that is universally given by the surface gravity
of the black hole when $\Omega\geq 0$ is small and the external magnetic field
vanishes.


  The present study is concerned with large-eddy simulations (LES) of
supersonic jet flows. The work addresses, in particular, the simulation of a
perfectly expanded free jet flow with an exit Mach number of 1.4 and an exit
temperature equal to the ambient temperature. Calculations are performed using
a nodal discontinuous Galerkin method. The present effort studies the effects
of mesh and polynomial refinement on the solution. The present calculations
consider computational meshes and polynomial orders such that the number of
degrees of freedom (DOFs) in the solution ranges from 50 to 410 million. Mean
velocity results and root mean square (RMS) values of velocity fluctuations
indicate a better agreement with experimental data as the resolution is
increased. The generated data provide a good understanding of the effects of
increasing the discretization refinement for LES calculations of jet flows. The
present results can guide future simulations of similar flow configurations.


  A solvable irrelevant deformation of AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ correspondence leading
to a theory with Hagedorn spectrum at high energy has been recently proposed.
It consists of a single trace deformation of the boundary theory, which is
inspired by the recent work on solvable $T\bar{T}$ deformations of
two-dimensional CFTs. Thought of as a worldsheet $\sigma $-model, the
interpretation of the deformed theory from the bulk viewpoint is that of string
theory on a background that interpolates between AdS$_3$ in the IR and a linear
dilaton vacuum of little string theory in the UV. The insertion of the operator
that realizes the deformation in the correlation functions produces a
logarithmic divergence, leading to the renormalization of the primary
operators, which thus acquire an anomalous dimension. We compute this anomalous
dimension explicitly, and this provides us with a direct way of determining the
spectrum of the theory. We discuss this and other features of the correlation
functions in presence of the deformation.


  We introduce a class of depth-based classification procedures that are of a
nearest-neighbor nature. Depth, after symmetrization, indeed provides the
center-outward ordering that is necessary and sufficient to define nearest
neighbors. Like all their depth-based competitors, the resulting classifiers
are affine-invariant, hence in particular are insensitive to unit changes.
Unlike the former, however, the latter achieve Bayes consistency under
virtually any absolutely continuous distributions - a concept we call
nonparametric consistency, to stress the difference with the stronger universal
consistency of the standard $k$NN classifiers. We investigate the finite-sample
performances of the proposed classifiers through simulations and show that they
outperform affine-invariant nearest-neighbor classifiers obtained through an
obvious standardization construction. We illustrate the practical value of our
classifiers on two real data examples. Finally, we shortly discuss the possible
uses of our depth-based neighbors in other inference problems.


  In this paper, we have exactly solved Glauber critical dynamics of the
Gaussian model on three dimensions. Of course, it is much easy to apply to low
dimensional case. The key steps are that we generalize the spin change
mechanism from Glauber's single-spin flipping to single-spin transition and
give a normalized version of the transition probability . We have also
investigated the dynamical critical exponent and found surprisingly that the
dynamical critical exponent is highly universal which refer to that for one-
two- and three-dimensions they have same value independent of spatial
dimensionality in contrast to static (equilibrium) critical exponents.


  We discover a "no semistability at infinity" phenomenon for complete
Calabi-Yau metrics asymptotic to cones, by eliminating the possible appearance
of an intermediate K-semistable cone in the 2-step degeneration theory
developed by Donaldson and the first author. It is in sharp contrast to the
setting of local singularities of K\"ahler-Einstein metrics. A byproduct of the
proof is a polynomial convergence rate to the asymptotic cone for such
manifolds, which bridges the gap between the general theory of
Colding-Minicozzi and the classification results of Conlon-Hein.


  Parallel I/O refers to the ability of scientific programs to concurrently
read/write from/to a single file from multiple processes executing on
distributed memory platforms like compute clusters. In the HPC world, I/O
becomes a significant bottleneck for many real-world scientific applications.
In the last two decades, there has been significant research in improving the
performance of I/O operations in scientific computing for traditional languages
including C, C++, and Fortran. As a result of this, several mature and
high-performance libraries including ROMIO (implementation of MPI-IO), parallel
HDF5, Parallel I/O (PIO), and parallel netCDF are available today that provide
efficient I/O for scientific applications. However, there is very little
research done to evaluate and improve I/O performance of Java-based HPC
applications. The main hindrance in the development of efficient parallel I/O
Java libraries is the lack of a standard API (something equivalent to MPI-IO).
Some adhoc solutions have been developed and used in proprietary applications,
but there is no general-purpose solution that can be used by performance hungry
applications. As part of this project, we plan to develop a Java-based parallel
I/O API inspired by the MPI-IO bindings (MPI 2.0 standard document) for C, C++,
and Fortran. Once the Java equivalent API of MPI-IO has been developed, we will
develop a reference implementation on top of existing Java messaging libraries.
Later, we will evaluate and compare performance of our reference Java Parallel
I/O library with C/C++ counterparts using benchmarks and real-world
applications.


  In this article we have studied complex linear homogeneous difference
equations where the coefficients are meromorphic functions, having finite
iterated p-phi order. We have made some estimations on the growth of its
nontrivial solutions. Also we have extended some of the previous results of
Zhou-Zheng (2017), Bela\"idi-Benkarouba (2019) and Bela\"idi-Bellaama (2021).


  Near-Infrared spectra of Jupiter's South Equatorial Belt (SEB) with AAT/IRIS2
in H and K bands at a resolving power of R~2400 have been obtained. By creating
line-by-line radiative transfer models with the latest improved spectral line
data for ammonia and methane (HITRAN2016), we derive best models of cloud/haze
parameters in Jupiter's South Equatorial Belt. The modelled spectra fit the
observations well except for small, isolated discrepancies in the trough region
of H2-H2 collision-induced-absorption around 2.08 {\mu}m and the methane
absorption level between 2.16 and 2.19 {\mu}m in K band and at the high
pressure methane window between 1.596 to 1.618 {\mu}m in H band.


  The climate is a complex non-equilibrium dynamical system that relaxes toward
a steady state under the continuous input of solar radiation and dissipative
mechanisms. The steady state is not necessarily unique. A useful tool to
describe the possible steady states under different forcing is the bifurcation
diagram, that reveals the regions of multi-stability, the position of tipping
points, and the range of stability of each steady state. However, its
construction is highly time consuming in climate models with a dynamical deep
ocean, interactive ice sheets or carbon cycle, where the relaxation time
becomes larger than thousand years. Using a coupled setup of MITgcm, we test
two techniques with complementary advantages. The first is based on the
introduction of random fluctuations in the forcing and permits to explore a
wide part of phase space. The second reconstructs the stable branches and is
more precise in finding the position of tipping points.


  This note deals with nodal domains of random monochromatic plane waves. It
was shown by Nazarov and Sodin that the expected number of such nodal domains
included in a disk of radius $R$ is proportional to $\pi R^2$ in the large $R$
limit. However, very little is known on the value of the proportionality
constant from a mathematical point of view. The aim of this note is to obtain a
lower bound on the value of this constant my elementary means.


  We determine the structure of certain moduli spaces of ideal sheaves by
generalizing an earlier result of the first author. As applications, we compute
the (virtual) Hodge polynomials of these moduli space, and calculate the
Donaldson-Thomas invariants of certain 3-folds with trivial canonical classes.


  In his seminal 1976 paper Bill Thurston observed that a closed leaf S of a
foliation has Euler characteristic equal, up to sign, to the Euler class of the
foliation evaluated on [S], the homology class represented by S. The main
result of this paper is a converse for taut foliations: if the Euler class of a
taut foliation $\mathcal{F}$ evaluated on [S] equals up to sign the Euler
characteristic of S and the underlying manifold is hyperbolic, then there
exists another taut foliation $\mathcal{F'}$ such that $S$ is homologous to a
union of leaves and such that the plane field of $\mathcal{F'}$ is homotopic to
that of $\mathcal{F}$. In particular, $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{F'}$ have the
same Euler class.
  In the same paper Thurston proved that taut foliations on closed hyperbolic
3-manifolds have Euler class of norm at most one, and conjectured that,
conversely, any integral cohomology class with norm equal to one is the Euler
class of a taut foliation. This is the second of two papers that together give
a negative answer to Thurston's conjecture. In the first paper, counterexamples
were constructed assuming the main result of this paper.


  We present a new proof of the known fact that the chromatic number of the
plane is at least 5. The main difference of this proof is that it can be
verified manually without the help of the computer.


  Any discrete differential manifold $M$ (finite set endowed with an algebraic
differential calculus) can be represented by appropriate polyhedron ${\cal
P}(M)$. This representation demonstrates the adequacy of the calculus of
discrete differential manifolds and links this approach with that based on
finitary substitutes of continuous spaces introduced by R.D.Sorkin.


  We prove a specialization inequality relating the dimension of the complete
linear series on a variety to the tropical complex of a regular semistable
degeneration. Our result extends Baker's specialization inequality to arbitrary
dimension.


  We report the observation of a novel effect in the bilayer Pb-Bi2212 high-TC
superconductor by means of angle-resolved photoemission with circularly
polarized excitation. Different scattering rates, determined as a function of
energy separately for the bonding and antibonding copper-oxygen bands, strongly
imply that the dominating scattering channel is odd with respect to layer
exchange within a bilayer. This is inconsistent with a phonon-mediated
scattering and favours the participation of the odd collective spin excitations
in the scattering mechanism in near-nodal regions of the k-space, suggesting a
magnetic nature of the pairing mediator.


  Dark-Field X-ray Microscopy (DFXM) is a diffraction-based synchrotron imaging
techique capable of imaging defects in the bulk of extended crystalline
samples. We present numerical simulations of image-formation in such a
microscope using numerical integration of the dynamical Takagi-Taupin Equations
(TTE) and wave front propagation. We validate our approach by comparing
simulated images to experimental data from a near-perfect single crystal of
diamond containing a single stacking fault defect in the illuminated volume.


  The Olami--Feder--Christensen earthquake model is often considered the
prototype dissipative self--organized critical model. It is shown that the size
distribution of events in this model results from a complex interplay of
several different phenomena, including limited floating--point precision.
Parallels between the dynamics of synchronized regions and those of a system
with periodic boundary conditions are pointed out, and the asymptotic avalanche
size distribution is conjectured to be dominated by avalanches of size one,
with the weight of larger avalanches converging towards zero as the system size
increases.


  We present the XMM-Newton observation of the merging system IRAS 19254-7245,
also known as The Superantennae, whose southern nucleus is classified as a
Seyfert 2 galaxy. The XMM-Newton data have allowed us to perform a detailed
X-ray imaging and spectral analysis of this system. We clearly detect, for the
first time in this system, a strong EW ~ 1.4 keV Fe emission line at 6.49+/-0.1
keV (rest-frame). The X-ray spectrum requires a soft thermal component (kT~0.9
keV; L(0.5-2) ~ 4E41 cgs), likely associated with the starburst, and a hard
power-law continuum above 2 keV (observed L(2-10) ~ 4E42 cgs). We confirm the
flatness of this latter component, already noted in previous ASCA data. This
flatness, together with the detection of the strong Fe-Kalpha line and other
broad band indicators, suggest the presence of a Compton-thick AGN with
intrinsic luminosity > 1E44 cgs. We show that a Compton-thick model can
perfectly reproduce the X-ray spectral properties of this object.


  We study the celebrated Shiryaev-Wonham filter in its historical setup of
Wonham (1964) where the hidden Markov jump process has two states. We are
interested in the weak noise regime for the observation equation.
Interestingly, this becomes a strong noise regime for the filtering equations.
  Earlier results of the authors show the appearance of spikes in the filtered
process, akin to a metastability phenomenon. This paper is aimed at
understanding the smoothed optimal filter, which is relevant for any system
with feedback. In particular, we demonstrate that there is a sharp phase
transition between a spiking regime and a regime with perfect smoothing.


  Shell structure of low-lying neutron resonant levels in axially-symmetric
quadrupole-deformed potentials is discussed, which seems analogous to that of
weakly-bound neutrons. As numerical examples, nuclei slightly outside the
neutron-drip-line, $^{39}_{12}$Mg$_{27}$ and $^{21}_{6}$C$_{15}$, are studied.
For the lowest resonance I obtain $I^{\pi}$ = $\Omega^{\pi}$ = 5/2$^{-}$ for
$^{39}$Mg which is likely to be prolately deformed, while $I^{\pi}$ =
$\Omega^{\pi}$ = 1/2$^{+}$ may be assigned to the nucleus $^{21}$C which may be
oblately deformed. Consequently, $^{21}$C will not be observed as a
recognizable resonant state, in agreement with the experimental information.


  Recent works on Lottery Ticket Hypothesis have shown that pre-trained
language models (PLMs) contain smaller matching subnetworks(winning tickets)
which are capable of reaching accuracy comparable to the original models.
However, these tickets are proved to be notrobust to adversarial examples, and
even worse than their PLM counterparts. To address this problem, we propose a
novel method based on learning binary weight masks to identify robust tickets
hidden in the original PLMs. Since the loss is not differentiable for the
binary mask, we assign the hard concrete distribution to the masks and
encourage their sparsity using a smoothing approximation of L0
regularization.Furthermore, we design an adversarial loss objective to guide
the search for robust tickets and ensure that the tickets perform well bothin
accuracy and robustness. Experimental results show the significant improvement
of the proposed method over previous work on adversarial robustness evaluation.


  Several cellular activities, such as directed cell migration, are coordinated
by an intricate network of biochemical reactions which lead to a polarised
state of the cell, in which cellular symmetry is broken, causing the cell to
have a well defined front and back. Recent work on balancing biological
complexity with mathematical tractability resulted in the proposal and
formulation of a famous minimal model for cell polarisation, known as the wave
pinning model. In this study, we present a three-dimensional generalisation of
this mathematical framework through the maturing theory of coupled bulk-surface
semilinear partial differential equations in which protein compartmentalisation
becomes natural. We show how a local perturbation over the surface can trigger
propagating reactions, eventually stopped in a stable profile by the interplay
with the bulk component. We describe the behavior of the model through
asymptotic and local perturbation analysis, in which the role of the geometry
is investigated. The bulk-surface finite element method is used to generate
numerical simulations over simple and complex geometries, which confirm our
analysis, showing pattern formation due to propagation and pinning dynamics.
The generality of our mathematical and computational framework allows to study
more complex biochemical reactions and biomechanical properties associated with
cell polarisation in multi-dimensions.


  We propose a fast method with statistical guarantees for learning an
exponential family density model where the natural parameter is in a
reproducing kernel Hilbert space, and may be infinite-dimensional. The model is
learned by fitting the derivative of the log density, the score, thus avoiding
the need to compute a normalization constant. Our approach improves the
computational efficiency of an earlier solution by using a low-rank,
Nystr\"om-like solution. The new solution retains the consistency and
convergence rates of the full-rank solution (exactly in Fisher distance, and
nearly in other distances), with guarantees on the degree of cost and storage
reduction. We evaluate the method in experiments on density estimation and in
the construction of an adaptive Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler. Compared to an
existing score learning approach using a denoising autoencoder, our estimator
is empirically more data-efficient when estimating the score, runs faster, and
has fewer parameters (which can be tuned in a principled and interpretable
way), in addition to providing statistical guarantees.


  Radiation pressure dominated accretion discs may have turbulent velocities
that exceed the electron thermal velocities. Bulk Comptonization by the
turbulence may therefore dominate over thermal Comptonization in determining
the emergent spectrum. We discuss how to self-consistently resolve and
interpret this effect in calculations of spectra of radiation MHD simulations.
In particular, we show that this effect is dominated by radiation viscous
dissipation and can be treated as thermal Comptonization with an equivalent
temperature. We investigate whether bulk Comptonization may provide a physical
basis for warm Comptonization models of the soft X-ray excess in AGN. We
characterize our results with temperatures and optical depths to make contact
with other models of this component. We show that bulk Comptonization shifts
the Wien tail to higher energy and lowers the gas temperature, broadening the
spectrum. More generally, we model the dependence of this effect on a wide
range of fundamental accretion disc parameters, such as mass, luminosity,
radius, spin, inner boundary condition, and alpha. Because our model connects
bulk Comptonization to one dimensional vertical structure temperature profiles
in a physically intuitive way, it will be useful for understanding this effect
in future simulations run in new regimes. We also develop a global Monte Carlo
code to study this effect in global radiation MHD simulations. This code can be
used more broadly to compare global simulations with observed systems, and in
particular to investigate whether magnetically dominated discs can explain why
observed high Eddington accretion discs appear to be thermally stable.


  In this paper we analyze the various phases exhibited by a system of
ultracold bosons in a periodic optical superlattice using the mean field
decoupling approximation. We investigate for a wide range of commensurate and
incommensurate densities. We find the gapless superfluid phase, the gapped Mott
insulator phase, and gapped insulator phases with distinct density wave orders.


  Similarity solutions for a one-dimensional mathematical model for thawing in
a saturated semi-infinite porous media is considered when change of phase
induces a density jump and a convective boundary condition is imposed at the
fixed face $x=0$. Different cases depending on physical parameters are analysed
and an explicit solution of a similarity type is obtained if and only if an
inequality for data is verified. Moreover, a monotony property respect to the
coefficient which characterizes the heat transfer at the fixed face $x=0$ is
obtained for the coefficient involved in the definition of the free boundary.
  Relationship between the Stefan problem with convective condition at $x=0$
considered in this paper and the Stefan problem with temperature condition at
the same face studied in (Fasano-Primicerio-Tarzia, Math. Models Meth. Appl.
Sci., 9 (1999), 1-10) is analized and conditions for physical parameters under
which both problems became equivalents are obtained. Furthermore, an inequality
to be satisfied for the coefficient which characterizes the free boundary of
the problem with a temperature or a convective boundary condition at the fixed
face $x=0$ is also obtained.


  In this paper, we show that organisms can be modeled as hierarchical Bayesian
control systems with small world and information bottleneck (bow-tie) network
structure. Such systems combine hierarchical perception with hierarchical goal
setting and hierarchical action control. We argue that hierarchical Bayesian
control systems produce deep hierarchies of goal states, from which it follows
that organisms must have some form of 'highest goals'. For all organisms, these
involve internal (self) models, external (social) models and overarching
(normative) models. We show that goal hierarchies tend to decompose in a
top-down manner under severe and prolonged levels of stress. This produces
behavior that favors short-term and self-referential goals over long term,
social and/or normative goals. The collapse of goal hierarchies is universally
accompanied by an increase in entropy (disorder) in control systems that can
serve as an early warning sign for tipping points (disease or death of the
organism). In humans, learning goal hierarchies corresponds to personality
development (maturation). The failure of goal hierarchies to mature properly
corresponds to personality deficits. A top-down collapse of such hierarchies
under stress is identified as a common factor in all forms of episodic mental
disorders (psychopathology). The paper concludes by discussing ways of testing
these hypotheses empirically.


  Diverse studies in systems neuroscience begin with extended periods of
curriculum training known as `shaping' procedures. These involve progressively
studying component parts of more complex tasks, and can make the difference
between learning a task quickly, slowly or not at all. Despite the importance
of shaping to the acquisition of complex tasks, there is as yet no theory that
can help guide the design of shaping procedures, or more fundamentally, provide
insight into its key role in learning. Modern deep reinforcement learning
systems might implicitly learn compositional primitives within their multilayer
policy networks. Inspired by these models, we propose and analyse a model of
deep policy gradient learning of simple compositional reinforcement learning
tasks. Using the tools of statistical physics, we solve for exact learning
dynamics and characterise different learning strategies including primitives
pre-training, in which task primitives are studied individually before learning
compositional tasks. We find a complex interplay between task complexity and
the efficacy of shaping strategies. Overall, our theory provides an analytical
understanding of the benefits of shaping in a class of compositional tasks and
a quantitative account of how training protocols can disclose useful task
primitives, ultimately yielding faster and more robust learning.


  The uncorrelated (``sequential'') and correlated (``nonsequential'') double
ionization of the H2 molecule in strong laser pulses is investigated using the
tools of nonlinear dynamics. We focus on the phase-space dynamics of this
system, specifically by finding the dynamical structures that regulate these
ionization processes. The emerging picture complements the recollision scenario
by clarifying the distinct roles played by the recolliding and core electrons.
Our analysis leads to verifiable predictions of the intensities where
qualitative changes in ionization occur. We also show how these findings depend
on the internuclear distance.


  Multipole symmetries are of interest both as a window on fracton physics and
as a crucial ingredient in realizing new universality classes for quantum
dynamics. Here we address the question of whether and when multipole symmetries
can be spontaneously broken, both in thermal equilibrium and at zero
temperature. We derive generalized Mermin-Wagner arguments for the total or
partial breaking of multipolar symmetry groups and generalized Imry-Ma
arguments for the robustness of such multipolar symmetry breaking to disorder.
We present both general results and explicit examples. Our results should be
directly applicable to quantum dynamics with multipolar symmetries and also
provide a useful stepping stone to understanding the robustness of fracton
phases to thermal fluctuations, quantum fluctuations, and disorder.


  Recent results on the effective non-local dynamics of the tachyon mode of
open string field theory (OSFT) show that approximate solutions can be
constructed which obey the diffusion equation. We argue that this structure is
inherited from the full theory, where it admits a universal formulation. In
fact, all known exact OSFT solutions are superpositions of diffusing surface
states. In particular, the diffusion equation is a spacetime manifestation of
OSFT gauge symmetries.


  We present the first asteroseismological study for 42 massive ZZ Ceti stars
based on a large set of fully evolutionary carbon$-$oxygen core DA white dwarf
models characterized by a detailed and consistent chemical inner profile for
the core and the envelope. Our sample comprise all the ZZ Ceti stars with
spectroscopic stellar masses between 0.72 and $1.05M_{\odot}$ known to date.
The asteroseismological analysis of a set of 42 stars gives the possibility to
study the ensemble properties of the massive pulsating white dwarf stars with
carbon$-$oxygen cores, in particular the thickness of the hydrogen envelope and
the stellar mass. A significant fraction of stars in our sample have stellar
mass high enough as to crystallize at the effective temperatures of the ZZ Ceti
instability strip, which enables us to study the effects of crystallization on
the pulsation properties of these stars. Our results show that the phase
diagram presented in Horowitz et al. (2010) seems to be a good representation
of the crystallization process inside white dwarf stars, in agreement with the
results from white dwarf luminosity function in globular clusters.


  A line of work has looked at the problem of recovering an input from distance
queries. In this setting, there is an unknown sequence $s \in \{0,1\}^{\leq
n}$, and one chooses a set of queries $y \in \{0,1\}^{\mathcal{O}(n)}$ and
receives $d(s,y)$ for a distance function $d$. The goal is to make as few
queries as possible to recover $s$. Although this problem is well-studied for
decomposable distances, i.e., distances of the form $d(s,y) = \sum_{i=1}^n
f(s_i, y_i)$ for some function $f$, which includes the important cases of
Hamming distance, $\ell_p$-norms, and $M$-estimators, to the best of our
knowledge this problem has not been studied for non-decomposable distances, for
which there are important special cases such as edit distance, dynamic time
warping (DTW), Frechet distance, earth mover's distance, and so on. We initiate
the study and develop a general framework for such distances. Interestingly,
for some distances such as DTW or Frechet, exact recovery of the sequence $s$
is provably impossible, and so we show by allowing the characters in $y$ to be
drawn from a slightly larger alphabet this then becomes possible. In a number
of cases we obtain optimal or near-optimal query complexity. We also study the
role of adaptivity for a number of different distance functions. One motivation
for understanding non-adaptivity is that the query sequence can be fixed and
the distances of the input to the queries provide a non-linear embedding of the
input, which can be used in downstream applications involving, e.g., neural
networks for natural language processing.


  Recent advances in neurosciences and psychology have provided evidence that
affective phenomena pervade intelligence at many levels, being inseparable from
the cognitionaction loop. Perception, attention, memory, learning,
decisionmaking, adaptation, communication and social interaction are some of
the aspects influenced by them. This work draws its inspirations from
neurobiology, psychophysics and sociology to approach the problem of building
autonomous robots capable of interacting with each other and building
strategies based on temperamental decision mechanism. Modelling emotions is a
relatively recent focus in artificial intelligence and cognitive modelling.
Such models can ideally inform our understanding of human behavior. We may see
the development of computational models of emotion as a core research focus
that will facilitate advances in the large array of computational systems that
model, interpret or influence human behavior. We propose a model based on a
scalable, flexible and modular approach to emotion which allows runtime
evaluation between emotional quality and performance. The results achieved
showed that the strategies based on temperamental decision mechanism strongly
influence the system performance and there are evident dependency between
emotional state of the agents and their temperamental type, as well as the
dependency between the team performance and the temperamental configuration of
the team members, and this enable us to conclude that the modular approach to
emotional programming based on temperamental theory is the good choice to
develop computational mind models for emotional behavioral Multi-Agent systems.


  We discuss a Kohn-Luttinger-like mechanism for superconductivity in Bernal
bilayer graphene and rhombohedral trilayer graphene. Working within the
continuum model description, we find that the screened long-range Coulomb
interaction alone gives rise to superconductivity with critical temperatures
that agree with experiments. We observe that the order parameter changes sign
between valleys, which implies that both materials are valley-singlet,
spin-triplet superconductors. Adding Ising spin-orbit coupling leads to a
significant enhancement in the critical temperature, also in line with
experiment, and the superconducting order parameter shows locking between the
spin and valley degrees of freedom.


  Performance of the Level-2 pipeline, which translates the UVIT data created
by the ISRO's ground segment processing systems (Level-1) into astronomer ready
scientific data products, is described. This pipeline has evolved significantly
from experiences during the in orbit mission. With time, the detector modules
of UVIT developed certain defects which led to occasional corruption of imaging
and timing data. This article will describe the improvements and mitigation
plans incorporated in the pipeline and report its efficacy and quantify the
performance.


  X-ray cavities and extended radio sources (`cocoons') surrounding active
galactic nuclei (AGN) have been detected by the Chandra X-ray mission and radio
interferometers. A joint analysis of X-ray and radio maps suggests that
pressure values of non-thermal radio-emitting particles derived from the radio
maps are not sufficient to inflate the X-ray cavities. We propose using the
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, whose intensity strongly depends on the
pressure, to find the hitherto undetected, dynamically-dominant component in
the radio cocoons.
  We demonstrate that the spectral function at a frequency of 217 GHz has an
absolute maximum at a temperature higher than $10^9$ K, therefore the
measurement of the SZ effect at this frequency is a powerful tool for
potentially revealing the dynamically-dominant component inside AGN jet-driven
radio cocoons. A new method is proposed for excluding the contribution from the
low energy, non-relativistic electrons to the SZ effect by means of
observations at two frequencies. We show how one may correct for a possible
contribution from the kinematic SZ effect. The intensity maps of the SZ effect
are calculated for the self-similar Sedov solution, and application of a
predicted ring-like structure on the SZ map at a frequency of 217 GHz is
proposed to determine the energy released during the active jet stage. The SZ
intensity map for an AGN cocoon in a distant elliptical is calculated using a
2-D numerical simulation and including relativistic corrections to the SZ
effect. We show the intensity spectrum of the SZ effect is flat at high
frequencies if gas temperature is as high as $k_\mathrm{b} T_{\mathrm{e}}=500$
keV.


  Recently, the possibility that several starless telluric planets may form
around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and receive an energy input from the
hole's accretion disk, which, under certain plausible circumstances, may make
them habitable in a terrestrial sense, has gained increasing attention. In
particular, an observer on a planet orbiting at distance $r=100$ Schwarzschild
radii from a maximally rotating Kerr SMBH with mass $M_\bullet = 1\times
10^8\,M_\odot$ in a plane slightly outside the equator of the latter, would see
the gravitationally lensed accretion disk the same size as the Sun as seen from
the Earth. Moreover, the accretion rate might be imagined to be set in such a
way that the apparent disk's temperature would be identical to that of the
solar surface. We demonstrate that the post-Newtonian (pN) de Sitter and
Lense--Thirring precessions of the spin axis of such a world would rapidly
change, among other things, its tilt, $\varepsilon$, to its orbital plane by
tens to hundreds of degrees over a time span of, say, just $\Delta t
=400\,\mathrm{yr}$, strongly depending on the obliquity $\eta_\bullet$ of the
SMBH's spin to the orbital plane. Thus, such relativistic features would have
per se a relevant impact on the long-term habitability of the considered
planet. Other scenarios are examined as well.


  We have demonstrated by electroluminescence the injection of spin polarized
electrons through Co/Al2O3/GaAs tunnel barrier into p-doped InAs/GaAs quantum
dots embedded in a PIN GaAs light emitting diode. The spin relaxation processes
in the p-doped quantum dots are characterized independently by optical
measurements (time and polarization resolved photoluminescence). The measured
electroluminescence circular polarization is about 15 % at low temperature in a
2T magnetic field, leading to an estimation of the electrical spin injection
yield of 35%. Moreover, this electroluminescence circular polarization is
stable up to 70 K.


  We define a "mirror version" of Brzezinski's crossed product and we prove
that, under certain circumstances, a Brzezinski crossed product D\otimes_{R,
\sigma}V and a mirror version W\bar{\otimes}_{P, \nu}D may be iterated,
obtaining an algebra structure on W\otimes D\otimes V. Particular cases of this
construction are the iterated twisted tensor product of algebras and the
quasi-Hopf two-sided smash product.


  Recently, swarms or formations of drones have received increased interest
both in the literature and in applications. To dynamically adapt to their
operating environment, swarm members need to communicate wirelessly for control
and coordination tasks. One fundamental communication pattern required for
basic safety purposes, such as collision avoidance, is beaconing, where drones
frequently transmit information about their position, speed, heading, and other
operational data to a local neighbourhood, using a local broadcast service. In
this paper, we propose and analyse a protocol stack which allows to use the
recurring-beaconing primitive for additional purposes. In particular, we
propose the VarDis (Variable Dissemination) protocol, which creates the
abstraction of variables to which all members of a drone swarm have (read)
access, and which can naturally be used for centralized control of a swarm,
amongst other applications. We describe the involved protocols and provide a
mainly simulation-based performance analysis of VarDis.


  Two new high-entropy ceramics (HECs) in the weberite and fergusonite
structures, along with unexpected formation of ordered pyrochlore phases with
ultrahigh-entropy compositions and an abrupt pyrochlore-weberite transition,
are discovered in a 21-component oxide system. While the Gibbs phase rule
allows 21 equilibrium phases, nine out of the 13 compositions examined possess
single HEC phases (with ultrahigh ideal configurational entropies: ~2.7kB per
cation or higher on one sublattice in most cases). Notably,
(15RE1/15)(Nb1/2Ta1/2)O4 possess a single monoclinic fergusonite (C2/c) phase
and (15RE1/15)3(Nb1/2Ta1/2)1O7 form a single orthorhombic (C2221) weberite
phase, where 15RE1/15 represents
Sc1/15Y1/15La1/15Pr1/15Nd1/15Sm1/15Eu1/15Gd1/15Tb1/15Dy1/15Ho1/15Er1/15Tm1/15Yb1/15Lu1/15.
Moreover, a series of eight
(15RE1/15)2+x(Ti1/4Zr1/4Ce1/4Hf1/4)2-2x(Nb1/2Ta1/2)xO7 specimens all exhibit
single phases, where a pyrochlore-weberite transition occurs within 0.75 < x <
0.8125. This cubic-to-orthorhombic transition does not change the
temperature-dependent thermal conductivity appreciably, as the amorphous limit
may have already been achieved in the ultrahigh-entropy 21-component oxides.
These discoveries expand the diversity and complexity of HECs, towards
many-component compositionally complex ceramics (CCCs) and ultrahigh-entropy
ceramics.


  We develop the general relativity of extended spacetime-property for
describing events including their properties. The anticommuting nature of
property coordinates, augmenting space-time $({\bf x},t)$, allows for the
natural emergence of generations and for the simple incorporation of gauge
fields in the spacetime-property sector. With one electric property this
results in a geometrical unification of gravity and electromagnetism, leading
to a Maxwell-Einstein Lagrangian plus a cosmological term. Addition of one
neutrinic and three chromic properties should lead to unification of gravity
with electroweak and strong interactions.


  Can quantum entanglement increase the capacity of (classical) covert
channels? To one familiar with Holevo's Theorem it is tempting to think that
the answer is obviously no. However, in this work we show: quantum entanglement
can in fact increase the capacity of a classical covert channel, in the
presence of an active adversary; on the other hand, a zero-capacity channel is
not improved by entanglement, so entanglement cannot create `purely quantum'
covert channels; the problem of determining the capacity of a given channel in
the presence of entanglement is undecidable; but there is an algorithm to bound
the entangled capacity of a channel from above, adapted from the semi-definite
hierarchy from the theory of non-local games, whose close connection to channel
capacity is at the core of all of our results.


  Treatment-covariate interaction tests are commonly applied by researchers to
examine whether the treatment effect varies across patient subgroups defined by
baseline characteristics. The objective of this study is to explore
treatment-covariate interaction tests involving covariate-adaptive
randomization. Without assuming a parametric data generating model, we
investigate usual interaction tests and observe that they tend to be
conservative: specifically, their limiting rejection probabilities under the
null hypothesis do not exceed the nominal level and are typically strictly
lower than it. To address this problem, we propose modifications to the usual
tests to obtain corresponding valid tests. Moreover, we introduce a novel class
of stratified-adjusted interaction tests that are simple, more powerful than
the usual and modified tests, and broadly applicable to most covariate-adaptive
randomization methods. The results are general to encompass two types of
interaction tests: one involving stratification covariates and the other
involving additional covariates that are not used for randomization. Our study
clarifies the application of interaction tests in clinical trials and offers
valuable tools for revealing treatment heterogeneity, crucial for advancing
personalized medicine.