For the immediately preceding five year period, neither the Credit Parties nor any of their respective Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of any Responsible Officer of any Credit Party, any director, officer, agent, employee or other Person acting in such capacity on behalf of any Credit Party or any of their respective Subsidiaries, has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such Persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “ FCPA ”), or any other applicable anti-corruption law, in each case, in any material respect.  No part of the proceeds of the Loans shall be used, directly or indirectly, for any payments to any governmental official or employee, political party, official of a political party, candidate for political office, or anyone else acting in an official capacity, in order to obtain, retain or direct business or obtain any improper advantage, in violation of the FCPA. Each Credit Party has conducted its businesses in compliance with applicable anti-corruption laws, in all material respects, and has instituted and maintained policies and procedures designed to promote and achieve compliance with such laws.