judge’s determination of probable cause in the issuance of a search warrant that is ultimately found to be invalid. The officer’s reliance on the magistrate judge’s probable cause determination must be objectively reasonable. Id. at 922-23, 104 S.Ct. at 3420-21. Four circumstances exist in which the Leon good faith exception does not apply and suppression remains an appropriate remedy: (1) the magistrate judge issuing the warrant was misled by statements made by the affiant that were false or made “in reckless disregard for the truth”; (2) “the issuing magistrate judge wholly abandoned his [or her] judicial role”; (3) the affidavit in support of the warrant is “so lacking in indicia of probable cause L.Ed.2d 373 (1984); United States v. Portillo-Reyes, 529 F.2d 844, 848 (9th Cir.1975) (<HOLDING>), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 899, 97 S.Ct. 267, 50
holding that a drug sniff outside the front door of the defendants residence was not a fourth amendment search because the defendant had no reasonable expectation of privacy at the entrance to property that is open to the public including the front porch holding that passengers lacked any reasonable expectation of privacy and therefore had no standing to challenge the search of the vehicle holding that mere insertion of key was not a search or at least not an unreasonable search protected by the fourth amendment holding that the insertion of a key into the door of a car to see if it fit constituted the beginning of a search because there is a reasonable expectation of privacy holding that insertion of a crowbar into the door of a suspects house by officers before they announced their presence constitutes an unreasonable search