to a trial court’s decision on legal issues. Frost-Benco Elec. Ass’n v. Minnesota Pub. Utils. Comm’n, 358 N.W.2d 639, 642 (Minn.1984). Whether the doctrines of official immunity and sovereign immunity apply to the facts requires us to focus on the nature of the officer’s particular acts in question. Johnson v. Morris, 453 N.W.2d 31, 42 (Minn.1990); see Nusbaum v. County of Blue Earth, 422 N.W.2d 713, 719 (Minn.1988) (“each case must be judged in a fashion which focuses on whether the legislature intended to immunize the particular government activity”). The determination of whether an officer’s actions were malicious or willful is generally a fact question to be decided by a jury, but may be resolved by summary judgment. See Elwood v. County of Rice, 423 N.W.2d 671, 679 (Minn.1988) (<HOLDING>). Whether the officer’s actions were
holding it is a question of fact recognizing the open question holding that generally the question of waiver and estoppel is a question of fact recognizing application of the doctrines may involve a fact question for the jury but not finding such a question in the case before it holding that claim construction is an issue of law for the court not a question of fact for the jury