leave to file a surreply. 2 . The states are Alabama, Alaska, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Wisconsin and Wyoming. 3 . Rule 23(a) provides: (1) the class must be so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable; (2) questions of law or fact common to the class must exist; (3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties must be typical of the claims or defenses of the class; (4) the representative parties must fairly and adequately protect the interest of the class. Fed.R.Civ.P. 23 4 . The commonality requirement is less demanding than Rule 23(b)(3)’s predominance requirement. Cf. Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor, 521 U.S. 591, 621-25, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 2249-50, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (1997) (<HOLDING>). 5 . Defendant argues that state by state
holding that the standard for withholding of removal is more demanding than the standard for asylum holding that the predominance inquiry is far more demanding than rule 23as commonality requirement holding the aedpa standard is demanding but not insatiable holding that the parentchild relationship is far more precious than any property rights holding that more than notice to a defendant is required