L.Ed.2d 513 (1963)). Psychological coercion invokes no per se rule. United States v. Miller, 984 F.2d 1028, 1030 (9th Cir.1993). Therefore, “we must consider the totality of the circumstances involved and their effect upon the will of the defendant.” Id. at 1031(citing Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 226-27, 93 S.Ct. 2041, 36 L.Ed.2d 854 (1973)). Beyond doubt, the police used a deceptive tactic to induce Defendant to come to the FBI office and speak about the old bank robbery. The police lied to Defendant when they said that their purpose was to look for physical evidence of a parole violation; what they really wanted was an opportunity to talk to him about the “old bank robbery.” “Trickery, deceit, even impersonation do not render a confession inadmissible, certainly r.1997) (<HOLDING>). Here, the deception did not involve a
holding that whether the defendants confession was voluntary was a mixed question of law and fact subject to de novo review holding that a confession was voluntary despite the fact that an officer falsely told the defendant that physical evidence connected him to the crime holding that the fact that police falsely told defendant that his companion had confessed to the crime under investigation though relevant was insufficient to render otherwise voluntary confession inadmissible holding that counsel did not admit the defendant was guilty of a crime when counsel noted that if the evidence established the commission of any crime that crime was voluntary manslaughter not murder holding that confession was coerced because it was prompted by a credible threat of physical violence where official told defendant that defendant was in danger of physical harm at hands of other inmates and offered to protect defendant in exchange for a confession