kilogram of cocaine found in the Mazda and the papers found in Marquez’s wallet at the time of his arrest. At the time of the initial traffic stop, the officers already had ample probable cause to arrest Marquez for his involvement in a drug deal that they had been monitoring through extensive visual and wire tap surveillance. See United States v. Burton, 288 F.3d 91, 98 (3d Cir.2002) (stating that officers have probable cause to arrest if the facts and circumstances within their knowledge objectively indicate that the defendant had committed or was committing an offense). Alternatively, even if the authorities lacked probable cause for the arrest, they conducted a valid stop based on reasonable suspicion. See Terry v. United States, 392 U.S. 1, 21, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968) (<HOLDING>). Moreover, a drug sniffing dog brought on the
holding that absent probable cause to arrest a police officer may approach an individual to conduct a brief investigatory stop when the officer has a reasonable articulable suspicion that criminal conduct is afoot holding that a police officer may stop a driver where the officer has a reasonable and articulable suspicion regarding the commission of a civil traffic violation holding that an officer can stop an individual if the officer has reasonable articulable suspicion that criminal activity is underfoot recognizing that police officer may stop a suspect if the officer has a reasonable suspicion supported by articulable facts that criminal activity may be afoot holding defendants nervousness in part presented officer with reasonable articulable suspicion of criminal activity