and abstention have been held applicable to military convictions, the Ninth Circuit concluded that the doctrine of waiver rests on the same considerations, including respect due a parallel and independent system of justice, the desirability of resolving claims without the need for duplicative litigation, and the benefits of having constitutional decisions made in the first instance by a judge with the opportunity to view counsel, witnesses and jury. This decision is consistent with the limited role the federal courts play in reviewing courts-martial. The military has its own customs and common law, dating back hundreds of years, an understanding of which often depends on knowledge of military life. Parker v. Levy, 417 U.S. 733, 743-49, 94 S.Ct. 2547, 2556-58, 41 L.Ed.2d 439 (1974) (<HOLDING>). 'Plaintiff argues that the waiver doctrine
holding inter alia that article 133 of the uniform code of military justice providing for the punishment of a commissioned officer for conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman is not unconstitutionally vague because it has been given substance by military custom holding officer may search vehicle for weapons if officer has reasonable belief based on articulable facts that officer or another may be in danger holding that the ftca offers the exclusive remedy for personal injuries resulting from the performance of medical and related functions by a commissioned public health service officer acting within the scope of her office holding sexual assault by officer not within scope of employment even though officer on duty in uniform and serving warrant on woman he raped holding that the encounter between an officer and the defendant did not rise to the level of a terry stop until the defendant gave the officer his license and the officer informed the defendant that he was going to be given a patdown