by environmental factors or time. United States v. Coleman, 202 F. Supp.2d 962, 965 (E.D.Mo.2002). MtDNA is also more likely to survive in a dead cell than is nuclear DNA. People v. Holtzer, 255 Mich.App. 478, 660 N.W.2d 405, 408 (2003). 6 . Nuclear DNA is found in the structure of a double helix, or a "twisted ladder of chemicals.” United States v. Coleman, 202 F.Supp.2d 962 (E.D.Mo.2002). The "rungs” of the ladder are composed of four chemical bases known as nucleotides: adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine. The chemical bases are generally referred to as A, D, T, and G, respectively. An A is always paired with a T, and a C is always paired with a G 1110 (2001) (finding no error in admitting mtDNA evidence); People v. Holtzer, 255 Mich.App. 478, 660 N.W.2d 405, 411 (2003) (<HOLDING>); Magaletti v. State, 847 So.2d 523, 528
holding that evidence that a polygraph test was offered to or refused by a defendant was not admissible holding that use of product rule was generally accepted in scientific community holding use of mtdna for identification of defendant admissible under test for novel scientific evidence holding that even in separate trial other crimes evidence would not have been admissible and identification testimony would have been admissible holding as long as the defendant has an adequate opportunity to impeach the reliability of a scientific test and the qualifications of the person administering the test due process is not implicated by a states good faith failure to preserve a sample for independent testing