is that VBCJ’s room and board fee is low in comparison to similar fees assessed elsewhere. Thus, the VBCJ fee program is neither a “fine” nor “excessive” in any reasonable sense. The finding that Virginia’s room and board fee does not constitute an excessive fine is further supported by the fact that prisoners frequently are assessed with fines designed to cover a portion of the costs of incarceration. As stated above, the United States Sentencing Guidelines require courts to consider the costs of imprisonment and/or supervised release in calculating fines for individual criminal defendants. Thus the Fourth Circuit has upheld the imposition of an $80,200 fine to cover costs of incarceration for a federal defendant. See United States v. Gresham, 964 F.2d 1426, 1430 n. 6 (4th Cir.1992) (<HOLDING>). Therefore, fees and fines to cover costs of
recognizing that 18 usc  3752a lists several factors to be considered by courts in determining whether and in what amount to impose a fine including the expected costs to the government of any term of imprisonment probation or supervised release holding  3583a itself authorizes a term of supervised release in addition to a maximum term of imprisonment authorized by the statute of conviction holding that a statute requiring a threeyear term of supervised release did not eviscerate the district courts discretion to adjust the term of supervised release pursuant to  3583e holding that a sentencing court is required by 18 usc  3583g to revoke the defendants term of supervised release  unless defendant could come under the exception in 18 usc  3583d holding that failure to explain the effect of a term of supervised release was harmless error where term of imprisonment combined with maximum imprisonment for violation of supervised release was still less than statutory maximum