employer must “show that the injury was due to the willful misconduct of the employee”); see also Overall v. S. Subaru Star, Inc., 545 S.W.2d 1, 4 (Tenn.1976) (stating, in the context of the same workers’ compensation provision, that when a statute uses the language “due to,” this refers to proximate cause). A. Willful Misconduct In order to successfully defend a workers’ compensation claim on the basis of willful misconduct under the terms of Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-110(a), this Court held twenty years ago that an employer must establish (1) that the employee intended to commit the act, (2) that the employee purposefully violated orders, and (3) that an element of perverseness existed in the performance of the act. Rogers v. Kroger Co., 832 S.W.2d 538, 541 (Tenn.1992) (<HOLDING>). This three-part test was first announced in
holding that it is not enough that an employees job provides an opportunity to commit an intentional tort holding that the employees intentional horseplay in violation of workplace rules barred recovery for an injury holding in an employees action to recover for injury sustained during work against the employer and other defendants did not state an intentional tort claim against contractor holding that the debtors knowing act of failing to obtain workers compensation insurance so that the employer owed an employee a debt after the employee suffered a workplace injury was not the sort of willful and malicious injury required for nondischargeability under  523a6 because it cannot not be said that the employer intended for the employee to suffer a fall or that there was an unbroken chain of events leading from the employers intentional act to the employees physical injury holding that the avoidance powers provide for recovery only if the recovery is for the benefit of the estate