from acting as both an advocate and a witness in a single proceeding except under special circumstances. See United States v. Marshall, 75 F.3d 1097, 1106 (7th Cir.1996) (internal citations omitted). While allowing a lawyer to testify is a situation to be avoided if possible, the limits on being a lawyer and witness in the same case are not absolute. See United States v. Johnston, 690 F.2d 638, 644 (7th Cir.1982) (en banc). In exercising its discretion to allow or forbid an attorney to appear as a witness, the court should examine the goals sought to be served by the rule against such dual appearances and determine whether the particular situation confronting the court precludes an attorney from appearing as a witness. See United States v. Morris, 714 F.2d 669, 671-72 (7th Cir.1983) (<HOLDING>); see also LOC. R. 83.53.7(a)(2) (a lawyer may
recognizing five rationales for forbidding counsel to appear as witness and stating that a judge is unlikely to be confused by the dual appearance as advocate and witness holding that testimonial hearsay statements of a witness who does not appear at trial are inadmissible under the confrontation clause of the sixth amendment unless the witness is unavailable to testify and the defendant has had a prior opportunity to crossexamine the witness holding that the trial courts admonition of a witness even though detailed and strongly stated did not coerce the witness because the court did not threaten or badger the witness and the court provided the witness with her own counsel to ensure that the decision was voluntary holding that the defendants due process rights were violated when the trial judge singled out the only defense witness and indicated to that witness that he expected the witness to he and would personally ensure that the witness was prosecuted for perjury and thereby effectively drove that witness off the stand holding that promises made by the prosecution to a witness in exchange for that witness testimony relate directly to the credibility of the witness