Paulsen, 839 F.Supp. at 156. Because the case-or-controversy requirement demands the existence of a real and justiciable controversy, disputes over the rights and duties of a party whose challenged activities have ceased may be dismissed on grounds of mootness. See Cardinal Chem. Co. v. Morton Int'l, Inc., 508 U.S. 83, 95-96, 113 S.Ct. 1967, 124 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993). “A case becomes moot when a court is no longer able to grant effective relief because the dispute has been resolved through other means, or because the passage of time has made the claim stale, and it is unlikely that the precise conditions of the case will recur.” Cook v. Colgate Univ., 992 F.2d 17, 19 (2d Cir.1993); County of Los Angeles v. Davis, 440 U.S. 625, 631, 99 S.Ct. 1379, 59 L.Ed.2d 642 (1979) (citations omitted) (<HOLDING>); 12 James Wm. Moore et al., Moore’s Fed.
holding a claim for patronage dismissal was legally cognizable holding that district court appropriately dismissed suit for lack of subject matter jurisdiction when the case was moot holding claim is cognizable holding that a case is moot when the parties lack a legally cognizable interest in the outcome holding claim is not cognizable