Leber also represented that “the total value of the gamefowl industry to the economy of the United States is a staggering total of $2 billion to $6 billion annually.” Id. at 60. Further, when asked by Representative Hank Johnson of Georgia whether the “principal purpose” of the gamefowl breeding industry is “to produce fighting cocks,” Mr. Leber replied: “That may be the majority use.” Id. at 95. In view of the above congressional findings, statements of individual members of Congress, and other information presented to Congress, we conclude that animal fighting, at least within Congress’ definition of the term “animal fighting venture” in 7 U.S.C. § 2156(g)(1), involves a “quintessentially economic” activity. See Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1, 25, 125 S.Ct. 2195, 162 L.Ed.2d 1 (2005) (<HOLDING>). And, in contrast to the statute invalidated
holding that congress may regulate purely local intrastate activities if they are part of an economic class of activities that have a substantial effect on interstate commerce holding that unlike the activities at issue in lopez and morrison the activities regulated by the controlled substances act are quintessentially economic holding that an applicant may establish eligibility for asylum based exclusively on activities undertaken after his arrival in the united states so long as he demonstrates that authorities in his country are aware of his activities or likely to become aware of his activities recognizing that discrepancy regarding political activities went to the heart of petitioners claims where those activities formed the basis of the persecution claim holding that venue was proper in kansas because both of the defendants conducted many of their activities with the plaintiff through the mail despite that fact that the defendants activities may have been more substantial in california