U.S. 368, 380, 99 S.Ct. 2898, 61 L.Ed.2d 608 (1979) (“Orneases have uniformly recognized the public trial guarantee as one created for the benefit of the defendant.”). “The knowledge that every criminal trial is subject to contemporaneous review in the forum of public opinion is an effective restraint on possible abuse of judicial power.” In re Oliver, 333 U.S. 257, 270, 68 S.Ct. 499, 92 L.Ed. 682 (1948); accord DePasquale, 443 U.S. at 412, 99 S.Ct. 2898 (Blackmun, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part) (“The public trial is rooted in the ‘principle that justice cannot survive behind walls of silence[.]’ ” (quoting Sheppard v. Maxioell, 384 U.S. 333, 349, 86 S.Ct. 1507, 16 L.Ed.2d 600 (1966))); Cox Broad. Corp. v. Cohn, 420 U.S. 469, 492, 95 S.Ct. 1029, 43 L.Ed.2d 328 (1975) (<HOLDING>). The public trial right unquestionably extends
recognizing that laws and regulations may bear upon the existence of a constitutional interest holding that the summary rejection of a witness as noncredible is prejudicial and the proper administration of justice requires more holding that the extension of judicial immunity to witnesses attorneys and parties  was regarded by us as necessary to the proper administration of justice holding first amendment guarantees access to criminal trials and limitations on access are subject to strict scrutiny holding that publicity serves to guarantee the fairness of trials and to bring to bear the beneficial effects of public scrutiny upon the administration of justice