that a statement "obtained by any direct or implied promises, however slight,” is not voluntary); United States v. Leon Guerrero, 847 F.2d 1363, 1366 (9th Cir.1988) (same). 9 . Gonzales, 164 F.3d at 1289 n. 1 (citation omitted). 10 . Blackburn v. Alabama, 361 U.S. 199, 206, 80 S.Ct. 274, 4 L.Ed.2d 242 (1960). 11 . See Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279, 285-88, 111 S.Ct. 1246, 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991); Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 226, 93 S.Ct. 2041, 36 L.Ed.2d 854 (1973). 12 . Raphael v. State, Mem. Op. & J. No. 3799 at 18, 1998 WL 191159 (Alaska App., April 22, 1998) (Mannheimer, J., concurring). 13 . Id. at 18-20 (quoting Morris v. United States, 156 F.2d 525, 532 (9th Cir.1946) (Denman, J., dissenting)). 14 . See Otton v. Zaborac, 525 P.2d 537, 539 (Alaska 1974) (<HOLDING>); Johansen v. State, 491 P.2d 759, 762-67
holding that due process encompasses the right to counsel in a civil contempt proceeding holding that constitutional due process in civil contempt proceedings requires notice and a hearing but not the right to counsel holding one man grand jury that held witness in contempt and sentenced him to prison was contempt proceeding to which there was a right to public access holding that a civil contempt defendant has a right to a jury trial when the act of contempt was not committed in the presence of the court and when the incarceration is in part punitive holding that vindictive prosecution claims in civil forfeiture proceeding may raise due process questions