Xue Hong Yang v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 426 F.3d 520, 522 (2d Cir.2005). The applicable standards of review are well-established. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Yanqin Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510, 513 (2d Cir.2009). I. Asylum To meet the definition of “refugee” and thus establish eligibility for asylum, an applicant must first establish his nationality, or lack of nationality. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(A), (B); 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(a) (placing the burden of proving refugee status on the applicant); Wangchuck v. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 448 F.3d 524, 528 (2d Cir.2006). Here, the agency’s finding that Phuntsok failed to establish his identity is supported by substantial evidence. Phuntsok argues that the IJ arbitrarily afforded minimal weight to the documents he p 214-15 n. 5 (B.I.A.2010) (<HOLDING>). The IJ also reasonably afforded greater
holding that the failure to attempt to prove the authenticity of a document  is significant particularly when the document in question was apparently obtained for removal proceedings rather than a contemporaneously created record of a past event holding that courts should look at the notice afforded by a document rather than a litigants motivation in filing to determine whether a document constitutes a notice of appeal holding that in connection with a motion to dismiss the court may consider a document not attached to the pleadings where the plaintiffs claim depends on the contents of a document the defendant attaches the document to its motion to dismiss and the parties do not dispute the authenticity of the document even though the plaintiff does not explicitly allege the contents of that document in the complaint holding that under the mailbox rule a pro se inmates document is deemed filed at the moment in time when the inmate loses control over the document by entrusting its further delivery or processing which is usually when the inmate places the document in the hands of prison officials holding that when  a complaints factual allegations are expressly linked  and admittedly dependent upon  a document the authenticity of which is not challenged that document effectively merges into the pleadings and the trial court can review it in deciding a motion to dismiss under rule 12b 6