for the positi 23 F.3d 62, 75 (2d Cir.2000); Al-Khazraji v. Saint Francis Coll., 784 F.2d 505, 518 (3d Cir.1986); Jones v. Continental Corp., 789 F.2d 1225, 1231 (6th Cir.1986); Tillman v. Wheaton-Haven Recreation Ass’n, Inc., 517 F.2d 1141, 1146 (4th Cir.1975). But see Foley v. Univ. of Houston Sys., 355 F.3d 333, 338 (5th Cir.2003) (noting "a tension between [two] decisions ... with respect to the liability of individual defendants who are not party to the employment contract” under § 1981). The persuasive authority in this district also supports this view. See e.g., MacIntosh v. Bldg. Owners & Managers Ass’n Int’l, 355 F.Supp.2d 223, 227 (D.D.C.2005)(noting that the reach of § 1981 is much broader than that of Title VII); Richard v. Bell Atl. Corp., 946 F.Supp. 54, 74 (D.D.C.1996) (<HOLDING>) (internal quotations omitted); Sheppard v.
holding that directors and officers are fiduciaries holding officer personally liable because he agreed to personally guarantee payment on an account holding that independent directors can be entrusted with the decision to sue other directors on behalf of the corporation holding that officers directors and employees of a corporation may become personally liable under  1981 holding that individuals can be held liable under  1981 only when they have been personally involved or directly participated in the discrimination