Nations Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees). Accordingly, individual foreign nationals have rights under Article 36(l)(b) of the Vienna Convention. The government further contends that, even if the Vienna Convention establishes individual rights, individuals do not have standing to enforce those rights. This contention lacks merit. It has long been recognized that, where treaty provisions establish individual rights, these rights must be enforced by the courts of the United States at the behest of the individual. See United States v. Rauscher, 119 U.S. 407, 418-19, 7 S.Ct. 234, 30 L.Ed. 425 (1886) (citing Head Money Cases, 112 U.S. 580, 5 S.Ct. 247, 28 L.Ed. 798 (1884)); see also United States v. Alvarez-Machain, 504 U.S. 655, 659-60, 112 S.Ct. 2188, 119 L.Ed.2d 441 (1992) (<HOLDING>). Because Article 36(l)(b) establishes
holding that the doctrine may only be predicated on continuing unlawful acts and not on the continuing effects of earlier unlawful conduct holding that because a  1326 violation constitutes a continuing offense venue may lie in any district in which the continuing conduct occurred recognizing the continuing authority of rauscher recognizing a split of authority recognizing continuing validity of the butner decision