(“A judge is absolutely immune from liability for his judicial acts even if his exercise of authority is flawed by the commission of grave procedural errors.”). Furthermore, “[b]y enacting the 1996 Federal Courts Improvement Act ... Congress ... expanded the ambit of judicial immunity by amending § 1983 so as to prohibit injunctive relief against a judicial officer.” Gilbert v. Ferry, 298 F.Supp.2d 606, 611 (E.D.Mich.2003); see Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1996, Pub.L. No. 104-317, § 309(c), 110 Stat. 3847, 3853 (codified at 42 U.S.C. § 1983). Absolute judicial immunity applies not only to judges, but has extended, in the form of quasi-judicial immunity, to any person acting as an arm of the absolutely immune judicial officer. See Bush v. Rauch, 38 F.3d 842, 847 (6th Cir.1994) (<HOLDING>). Absolute immunity may be overcome in two
holding that absolute immunity applies to claims of perjured testimony holding that the petitioner could demonstrate its constitutional standing for the first time on judicial review of an order of the land use board of appeals because the need to do so first arose when the petitioner sought to invoke the courts jurisdiction on judicial review holding that federal law applies because judicial estoppel relates to protection of the integrity of the federal judicial process holding that where employees involvement necessarily arose in the execution of the judicial order absolute quasiimmunity applies holding that where the employment of the injured employees was the occasion of the injury the injuries arose out of employment