Transp. Corp. v. Rivera Vazquez, 977 F.2d 1, 8 (1st Cir.1992) ("The central rationale of [the] dormant Commerce Clause doctrine ... is ... to foster economic integration and prevent local interference with the flow of the nation’s commerce. This rationale applies with equal force to official actions of Puerto Rico. Full economic integration is as important to Puer-to Rico as to any state in the Union.” (citation omitted)). 42 . See Cont'l Ill. Nat’l Bank v. Chicago, R.I. & Pac. Ry. Co., 294 U.S. 648, 668, 55 S.Ct. 595, 79 L.Ed. 1110 (1935). 43 . The same rational basis requirement that regulates disparate treatment of Puerto Ricans applies to the Commonwealth itself. See Jusino Mercado v. Puerto Rico, 214 F.3d 34, 44 (1st Cir.2000) (citing Harris, 446 U.S. at 651-52, 100 S.Ct. 1929) (<HOLDING>). 44 . Maj. Op. at 350. 45 . Examining Bd. of
recognizing that congress desired a broad definition of a claim  recognizing that congress could have legislated differently for the commonwealth recognizing the presumption that congress does not intend to violate international law holding that congress could abrogate the eleventh amendment pursuant to the commerce clause recognizing that congress has the power to completely divest the courts of their sentencing discretion and that congress granted broad authority to the sentencing commission guided by specific goals and principles