resulting “from the negligence of [the railroad] ... or by reason of any defect or insufficiency, due to its negligence, in its cars, engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works ... or other equipment.” 45 U.S.C. § 51. The Federal Railway Safety Act, which was enacted some 62 years after FELA, has as its stated purpose, to “promote safety in every area of railroad operations and reduce railroad-related accidents and incidents.” 49 U.S.C. § 20101. Pursuant to the FRSA, the Secretary of Transportation is directed to “prescribe regulations and issue orders for every area of railroad safety supplementing laws and regulations in effect on October 16, 1970.” 49 U.S.C. § 20103; see also CSX Transpor., Inc. v. Easterwood, 507 U.S. 658, 662, 113 S.Ct. 1732, 123 L.Ed.2d 387 (1993) (<HOLDING>). The FRSA contains a specific preemption
holding that the frsa of 1970 45 usc  431a gave the secretary of transportation broad powers to study and develop as necessary appropriate rules regulations orders and standards for all areas of railroad safety holding that reinstatement of the grievant a railroad employee terminated for drug and alcohol use violated the welldefined and dominant public policy against a railroads employment of individuals whose impaired judgment due to the use of drugs or alcohol could seriously threaten public safety and placed the railroad at risk of violating the federal railroad administration regulations recognizing equitable powers necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions of this title holding adoption by secretary of transportation of manual on uniform traffic control devices issued under federal railroad safety act preempted state common law standards of care for grade crossings holding that where train speed and locomotive design complied with federal regulations railroad employees fela claims were preempted by the frsa since congress has established a policy of national uniformity of laws rules regulations orders and standards