or indirectly, to provide air transportation.” 49 USC § 40102(a)(2). Travel agents, tour operations, shipping and charterers and the like are “indirect air carriers” covered by the ADA. 14 CFR § 380.2; Illinois Corporate Travel, Inc. v. American Airlines, Inc., 682 F.Supp. 378, 380 (N.D.Ill.1988) (preemption upheld because state law allowing travel agents to charge lower rates could “potentially cause the rates for airline tickets in Illinois to differ from those available in other states”); Arkin v. Trans Int’l, 568 F.Supp. 11, 13 (E.D.N.Y.1982) (finding that travel agents and tour operators are indirect air carriers); Monarch Travel Servs., Inc. v. Associated Cultural Clubs, Inc., 466 F.2d 552, 554 (9th Cir.1972) cert. denied, 410 U.S. 967, 93 S.Ct. 1444, 35 L.Ed.2d 701 (1973) (<HOLDING>); Ry. Express Agency v. C.A.B., 345 F.2d 445,
holding that organizations arranging charter flights operate very much like a carrier and should be treated as a carrier regardless of the label it applies to its business holding that puerto rico is to be treated like a state for purposes of the sherman antitrust act holding r 4429a6 to be inapplicable to direct actions brought by the insured against the carrier to enforce coverage holding as much holding that the carrier established its good faith as a matter of law when summary judgment evidence demonstrated a bona fide controversy regarding the need for back surgery and the carrier relied on a report that surgery was not necessary