in giving testimony, to disclose any confidential communication properly entrusted to the person in the person’s professional capacity, and necessary and proper to enable the person to discharge the functions of the person’s office according to the usual course of practice or discipline. Because it impedes the full and free discovery of the truth, the attorney-client privilege is strictly construed. See Chidester v. Needles, 353 N.W.2d 849, 852 (Iowa 1984). Consequently, we have held that voluntary disclosure of the content of a privileged communication constitutes waiver as to all other communications on the same subject. See Iowa Code § 622.10 (privilege does not apply when person, in whose favor prohibition is made, waives the right); State v. Cole, 295 N.W.2d 29, 35 (Iowa 1980) (<HOLDING>); Kantaris v. Kantaris, 169 N.W.2d 824, 830
recognizing duty by examining physician even absent formal physicianpatient relationship recognizing theory of waiver in physicianpatient relationship recognizing theory of constructive possession recognizing the tort of breach of physicianpatient privilege holding that a physicianpatient relationship gives rise to a duty to avoid emotional harm from failure to provide critical information to patient