113 S.Ct. 2338 (1993); McAndrews v. Fleet Bank of Massachusetts, 989 F.2d 13, 19 n.7 (1st Civ. 1993). The first is a direct, physical intrusion into the property. Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458 U.S. 419, 432-33 n.9 (1982). A second type of per se regulatory taking is a regulation which denies all economically beneficial or productive use of the interest in property. Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, 112 S.Ct. 2886, 2893 (1992). The situation at hand falls into neither category. While contractual rights may be considered properly rights, the fact that valid legislation disregards or destroys existing contractual rights, does not always transform the regulation into an illegal taking. See Connolly v. Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp., 475 U.S. 211, 224 (1986) (<HOLDING>); Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. v. Whitehouse, 868
holding that the aafes was an agency under the apa where by statute its contracts were considered contracts with the federal government and any judgments against it were paid out of the federal treasury holding that private contracts cannot avoid the effects of valid federal legislation holding that at will contracts of employment are subject to tortious interference with contracts claims holding that contracts should be interpreted to avoid absurd results recognizing state laws can be preempted by federal regulations as well as by federal legislation