were included in calculating regulated telephone service rates. In spite of the AT&T monopoly several small independent directory publishers — those not affiliated with an incumbent telephone company — managed to survive by offering specialized directories that did not compete head-to-head with those published by the BOCs. A consent decree that led to the breakup of AT&T was entered in 1982 and became effective in 1984. See United States v. AT&T Co., 552 F.Supp. 131 (D.D.C.1982), aff'd sub nom. Maryland v. United States, 460 U.S. 1001, 103 S.Ct. 1240, 75 L.Ed.2d 472 (1983). It allowed the BOCs to retain their directory publishing operations. Originally there were seven newly-divested Regional Bell Operating Companies (“RBOCs”). Af Bell Tel. Co., 63 F.3d 1378, 1386-87 (5th Cir.1995) (<HOLDING>), superseded in part, 74 F.3d 613 (5th
holding that a subscriber to a health plan who had employed the services of a psychologist alleged a redressable antitrust injury holding that price increases for subscriber listing information by southwestern bell violated antitrust laws holding that the fcc was not given the power to decide antitrust issues and that its actions do not prevent enforcement of the antitrust laws in federal courts holding that there must be a causal connection between the alleged antitrust violation and the antitrust injury for there to be antitrust standing holding that an activity which is exempt from the antitrust laws cannot form the basis of an antitrust investigation