to law standard. Compare Rule 72(a), Fed.R.Civ.P. with Rule 72(b), Fed. R.Civ.P. The circuits are not uniform on whether Rule 11 sanctions matters are dispositive or non-dispositive and it does not appear that the Fourth Circuit has yet spoken definitively on this point. Compare Maisonville v. F2 America, Inc., 902 F.2d 746, 747 (9th Cir. 1990) (stating that Rule 11 sanctions are non-dispositive and thus subject to review pursuant to the clearly erroneous or contrary to law standard); Weeks Stevedoring Co., Inc. v. Raymond Int’l Bldrs., Inc., 174 F.R.D. 301, 303 (S.D.N.Y.1997) (same); Robinson v. Eng, 148 F.R.D. 635, 641 (D.Neb.1993) (same); Klapper v. Commonwealth Realty Trust, 657 F.Supp. 948, 952-53 (D.Del.1987) (same) with Alpern v. Lieb, et al., 38 F.3d 933, 935 (7th Cir.1994) (<HOLDING>); Bennett v. General Caster Serv. of N. Gordon
holding that whether statements are testimonial is a legal issue subject to de novo review holding statutory interpretation is subject to de novo review holding that a motion for rule 11 sanctions is dispositive recognizing de novo standard of review holding that rule 11 sanctions are dispositive and thus subject to de novo review