plans and relationship to passengers, followed by a question about possession of contraband and a request to search, are not sufficient to render an otherwise consensual encounter coercive.”); United States v. Angell, 11 F.3d 806, 809-10 (8th Cir.1993) (“In the light of the totality of the circumstances, we conclude that [the officer’s] actual language [of ‘Stay there’ or ‘Hold it right there’], although perhaps somewhat more peremptory than precatory in tone, did not convert what would clearly have been a consensual encounter into a seizure within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment.”); Brown v. City of Oneonta, 195 F.3d 111, 122 (2d Cir.1999) (similar); United States v. Sanchez, 89 F.3d 715, 718 (10th Cir.1996) (similar); United States v. Polk, 97 F.3d 1096, 1098 (8th Cir.1996) (<HOLDING>). The totality of circumstances amounted to a
holding that the display of a badge for the second time and informing the individual that the officer is on narcotics detail does not standing alone constitute a fourth amendment seizure holding the use of deadly force standing alone does not constitute a seizure and absent an actual physical restraint or physical seizure the alleged unreasonableness of the officers conduct cannot serve as a basis for a  1983 cause of action holding seizure of evidence in plain view reasonable under fourth amendment holding that impoundment of a vehicle can be a seizure under the fourth amendment holding that fourth amendment seizure continues throughout the time the person remains in the custody of the arresting officers