23(b)(2). Rule 23(b)(3) requires that “questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over individual questions ... and that a class action is superior to other available methods for fairly and efficiently adjudicating the controversy.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(b)(3). III. DISCUSSION A. Rule 23(a) Requirements 1. Numerosity Numerosity is satisfied when “the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a)(1). Although there is no minimum number of class members below which numerosity cannot be satisfied per se, the Supreme Court has held that a class of fifteen was too small. General Tel. Co. v. EEOC, 446 U.S. 318, 330, 100 S.Ct. 1698, 64 L.Ed.2d 319 (1980); see also Harik v. California Teachers Ass’n, 326 F.3d 1042, 1051 (9th Cir.2003) (<HOLDING>). In addition, courts have held that a class of
holding that classes of seven nine and ten members did not satisfy numerosity holding that 100 to 150 members  is within the range that generally satisfies the numerosity requirement recognizing that in determining numerosity the proper focus is not on numbers alone but on whether joinder of all members is practicable in view of the numerosity of the class and all other relevant factors recognizing that substantial numbers usually satisfy the numerosity requirement holding that a potential class of 256 members did not satisfy numerosity