met the blood quantum requirement for naturalization could own land. See Dudley O. McGovney, The Anti-Japanese Land Laws of California and Ten Other States, 35 Calif. L.Rev. 7, 7-9 (1947). And during World War II, the government took into account the quantum of a citizen’s Japanese blood in determining who would be held in internment camps. See J.L. DeWitt, Final Report: Japanese Evacuation from the West Coast, 194.2, at 145 (1943) (noting that “[m]ixed-blood (one-half Japanese or less) individuals,” among others, were eligible for exemption from evacuation). The Supreme Court recently reaffirmed opposition to “[a]ncestral tracing of this sort” in laws that serve to enable race-based distinctions. Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495, 510, 517, 524, 120 S.Ct. 1044, 145 L.Ed.2d 1007 (2000) (<HOLDING>). Because we have no need to use this metric,
holding that a statute is unconstitutional if it clearly contravenes a constitutional provision holding that any apprendi error is harmless if the defendant is sentenced to less than the statutory maximum holding unconstitutional a hawaiian constitutional provision that limited voting by statute to any descendant of not less than onehalf part of the races inhabiting the hawaiian islands previous to 1778 holding that the flsa does not prohibit changes in wage rates it prohibits the payment of overtime at less than one and onehalf times the regular wage rate holding that a provision of the constitution is to be construed in the sense in which it was understood by the framers and the people at the time of its adoption but that if new products or circumstances that did not exist at the time the constitutional provision was enacted fall within the meaning of the provision the constitutional provision applies to them