440 F.3d 363, 372 (6th Cir. 2006), as well as whether they “transported] [the detainee] to a police station for questioning, or to the back of a police vehicle for questioning,” Lopez-Medina, 461 F.3d at 740 (citations omitted). As for “investigative means,” the Supreme Court has held that officers should employ the “least intrusive means reasonably available to verify or dispel the officer’s suspicion in a short period of time.” Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491, 500, 103 S.Ct. 1319, 75 L.Ed.2d 229 (1983). And transportation to a different location or to the back of the back of the sheriffs cruiser for questioning, and then back to his home for even more. This too shows that Pacheco was arrested and not merely detained for a brief investigation. Id. at 1220; see Obasa, 15 F.3d at 608-09 (<HOLDING>). Roadside safety may have been important here,
holding that juveniles flight from the scene of an automobile theft when ordered by police officers to stop was insufficient to support resisting arrest without violence holding that roadside detention transformed into formal arrest when officers transported detainee away from scene for questioning without any explanation holding a fourth amendment terry detention is not a custodial arrest and the use of handcuffs does not automatically convert a temporary detention into a fourth amendment arrest holding in the alternative that even if handcuffing a suspect did convert the detention into an arrest the arrest was justified by probable cause holding that a police officers brief detention of a passenger who walked away from a lawfully stopped vehicle is warranted to promote the officers significant interest in gaining control of and monitoring a potentially hazardous roadside stop in order to conduct his lawful investigation particularly when events subsequent to the lawful traffic stop focus suspicion on the passenger