to commit the crime in the manner specified. Voluntary abandonment of purpose after an act constituting an attempt is not a defense. The definition in the 1928 and 1949 Manuals was as follows: An attempt to commit a crime is an act done with intent to commit that particular crime, and forming part of a series of acts which will apparently, if not interrupted by circumstances independent of the doer’s will, result in its actual commission. Para. 152c, Manual for Courts-Martial, U.S. Army, 1928; para. 183c, Manual for Courts-Martial, U.S. Army, 1949. The Articles for the Government of the Navy also did not have any general statutory prohibition of attempts; but apparently they often were punishable as lesser-included offenses. See, e.g., section 91, Naval Courts and Boards, 1937 (<HOLDING>) According to naval law: If an attempt is not
holding that where an agent is guilty of independent fraud for his benefit knowledge of the fraud is not imputed to the principal recognizing attempted fraud as a lesserincluded offense of fraud in violation of article 14 for the government of the navy holding that under the pre1986 jurisdictional limitation a claim by the state which discovered the fraud investigated the fraud disclosed the fraud to the federal government and which was the original source of the information was jurisdictionally barred holding that the issue of fraud was precluded because the previous jury necessarily considered fraud as the basis for chapter 93a liability holding that a plaintiff cannot avoid the securities fraud exception by pleading mail fraud or wire fraud if the conduct giving rise to those offenses also amounts to securities fraud