jurisprudence. In Marshall v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., 57 U.S. (16 How.) 314, 327-29, 14 L.Ed. 953 (1854), the Supreme Court, noting that corporations technically were not citizens for diversity purposes, held nonetheless that corporations should be deemed citizens of the State where they were incorporated because a corporation’s shareholders could conclusively be presumed to be citizens of the incorporating State. By contrast, in a line of cases beginning with Chapman v. Barney, 129 U.S. 677, 9 S.Ct. 426, 32 L.Ed. 800 (1889), the Court made clear that artificial entities other than corporations are not citizens for diversity purposes and that courts must look to the citizenship of their members when determining whether diversity jurisdiction exists. Id. at 682, 9 S.Ct. 426 (<HOLDING>); see also Great Southern Fire Proof Hotel Co.
holding that a joint stock company cannot be a citizen of new york within the meaning of the statutes regulating jurisdiction unless it be a corporation holding that a limited liability company is a citizen of any state of which a member of the company is a citizen holding jurisdiction over nonresident defendant existed where note was payable in new york contained new york choice of law clause and proceeds were used to finance new york limited partnership holding that new york city agencies cannot be sued holding that a company registered with the new york department of state is found for purposes of rule b