effective power of suppression.’ ” First Nat'l Bank, 435 U.S. at 777 n. 11[, 98 S.Ct. at 1416, 55 L.Ed.2d at 718] (alteration in original) (quoting Thomas Emerson, Toward a General Theory of the First Amendment 9 (1966)). This is particularly true of law enforcement officials, who are granted substantial discretion that may be misused to deprive individuals of their liberties. Cf. Gentile v. State Bar of Nev., 501 U.S. 1030, 1035-36, 111 S.Ct 2720 [2724-25], 115 L.Ed.2d 888 [898-99] (1991) (observing that “[t]he public has an interest in [the] responsible exercise” of the discretion granted police and prosecutors). Ensuring the public’s right to gather information about their officials not only aids in the uncovering of abuses, see id. at 1034-35 [111 S.Ct. at 2724, 115 L.Ed.2d at 898] (<HOLDING>), but also may have a salutary effect on the
recognizing a core first amendment interest in the dissemination of information relating to alleged governmental misconduct recognizing in first amendment jurisprudence the right to receive information and ideas recognizing first amendment retaliation right recognizing criticisms of public officials is at core of speech protected by first amendment recognizing governmental interest in rehabilitation