with this opinion. 1 25 WE CONCUR: PAMELA T. GREENWOOD and GREGORY K. ORME, Judges. 1 . Judge Young presided over the change of plea hearing and Judge Burton presided over the hearing concerning Mora's motion to withdraw his guilty plea. 2 . Before a trial court may accept a guilty plea, rule 11(e) requires the court to find, among other things: (2) the plea is voluntarily made; (4)(A) the defendant understands the nature and elements of the offense to which the plea nce test in Gibbons, Utah appellate courts applied a "record as a whole" test to rule 11. See State v. Maguire, 830 P.2d 216, 217 (Utah 1991) (per curiam). As long as the "record as a whole" test was used, the harmless error doctrine clearly applied to rule 11 violations. See State v. Kay, 717 P.2d 1294, 1301 (Utah 1986) (<HOLDING>), overruled in part on other grounds by State
holding that the proper procedures for challenging the results of a prison disciplinary hearing are appeal administrative review collateral attack or habeas corpus holding that the rule applies for purposes of habeas corpus under section 2254 holding on appeal from a habeas corpus denial that counsel was not ineffective for failure to file a notice of appeal because of defendants escape holding that a claim for damages that would invalidate a conviction or sentence that has not already been invalidated or reversed on direct appeal by executive order by an authorized state tribunal or by a writ of habeas corpus is not cognizable under  1983 holding the harmless error doctrine applies to rule 11 violations because otherwise we would encourage defendants  to attack their convictions for purely tactical reasons either by direct appeal or by seeking habeas corpus long after the fact