suspicion can be based on a totality of circumstances, no one of which standing alone would create a reasonable suspicion.’ ” (quoting United States v. Anderson, 923 F.2d 450, 455 (6th Cir.1991))) (internal alteration omitted). Accordingly, the district court properly considered factors (1), (3), (4), and (5). Based on the totality of the circumstances, we find no error in the district court’s determination that Trooper Jesse had sufficient reasonable suspicion to go beyond the window tint violation. Here, the plate containing the public VIN appeared to be tampered with, which, according to Jesse’s testimony, indicated criminality because stolen vehicles often have their original VIN plates removed and good VINs attached. Cf. United States v. Caro, 248 F.3d 1240, 1246 (10th Cir.2001) (<HOLDING>) (emphasis added). Further, the fact that the
holding that once a vehicle has been lawfully stopped an officer may order the driver out of the vehicle without violating the fourth amendment holding that probable cause exists when the facts and circumstances known to the police officer and of which he has reasonably trustworthy information are sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the accused had committed or was committing an offense in situations where the arresting officer has not observed the operation of the vehicle such facts and circumstances would necessarily have to include a relationship between the time there was evidence to show the influence of intoxicants and the time of operation of the vehicle internal citations omitted holding that there was no reasonable expectation of privacy in a vin on a visible exterior portion of a vehicle and recognizing that a different fourth amendment question would have been presented if the vin had been on an interior portion of the vehicle holding that as part of an undoubtedly justified traffic stop officers checking for the vin in order to run a search is sufficiently unintrusive to be constitutionally permissible in light of the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy in the vin holding that an officer may not extend the scope of a detention where the vin is readable from the outside of a vehicle the vin matches the vin listed on the registration and there are no signs the plate has been tampered with 