water offshore his property. See McKinney’s Public Lands Law § 75 (authorizing “grants, leases, easements, and lesser interests, including permits, for the use of state-owned land underwater ... consistent with the public interest in the use of state-owned lands underwater for purposes of navigation, commerce, fishing, bathing, and recreation”); Tr. Trans. 55; PLEx. 85. In the absence of such a grant or lease, a riparian owner only has a right to free ingress and egress to abutting navigable waters. See Oelsner v. The Nassau Light and Power Co., 134 A.D. 281, 286, 118 N.Y.S. 960, 964 (2d Dep’t.1909) (finding that the principal attribute of riparian use is “access to and egress from the open water.”); see also Yates v. City of Milwaukee, 77 U.S. (10 Wall.) 497, 504, 19 L.Ed. 984 (1870) (<HOLDING>); Sound Marine & Mach. Corp. v. Westchester
holding that congress had the authority under the commerce clause to require private riparian land owners to obtain a license prior to construction of dams even where the river in question was not navigable but could potentially have been made navigable recognizing a right of access to civil proceedings holding that riparians owners have the right of access to the navigable part of the river  the right to make a landing wharf or pier  subject to such general rules and regulations of the legislature holding that a plaintiff has no absolute unconditional right of access to the courts and no constitutional right of access to prosecute frivolous or malicious actions holding that corps may order wharf owners to remove portion of legally constructed wharf in navigable waters to allow for construction of dock