of Connecticut (1796) p. 399. “When the customary right to counsel was formally incorporated into the Connecticut constitution in 1818, ‘the advice and services of counsel were regarded as crucial to a criminal defendant at any time, especially given the inability of a defendant to testify in Connecticut in 1818.’ State v. Davis, supra, 99-100. More contemporary developments suggest that this state’s commitment to securing the right to counsel has not diminished since 1818. Not only was Connecticut ‘the first state to adopt the public defender system’; State v. Hudson, 154 Conn. 631, 635, 228 A.2d 132 (1967); but the right to counsel ‘was secured to criminal defendants in this state long before the mandate of Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 83 S. Ct. 792, 9 L. Ed. 2d 799 [(1962) (<HOLDING>)] . . . Springv. Constantino, 168 Conn. 563,
holding the sixth amendment applicable to the states through the fourteenth amendment holding second amendment right is incorporated against the states through fourteenth amendment holding the sixth amendment right to a jury trial applies to the states through the fourteenth amendment holding that the fourteenth amendment incorporated the sixth amendment right to counsel holding that a criminal defendant has a sixth amendment right to counsel at trial