def pbkdf2(password, salt, iterations, dklen=0, digest=None):
    assert iterations > 0
    if not digest:
        digest = hashlib.sha256
    password = force_bytes(password)
    salt = force_bytes(salt)
    hlen = digest().digest_size
    if not dklen:
        dklen = hlen
    if dklen > (2 ** 32 - 1) * hlen:
        raise OverflowError('dklen too big')
    l = -(-dklen // hlen)
    r = dklen - (l - 1) * hlen

    hex_format_string = "%%0%ix" % (hlen * 2)

    inner, outer = digest(), digest()
    if len(password) > inner.block_size:
        password = digest(password).digest()
    password += b'\x00' * (inner.block_size - len(password))
    inner.update(password.translate(hmac.trans_36))
    outer.update(password.translate(hmac.trans_5C))

    def F(i):
        def U():
            u = salt + struct.pack(b'>I', i)
            for j in xrange(int(iterations)):
                dig1, dig2 = inner.copy(), outer.copy()
                dig1.update(u)
                dig2.update(dig1.digest())
                u = dig2.digest()
                yield _bin_to_long(u)
        return _long_to_bin(reduce(operator.xor, U()), hex_format_string)

    T = [F(x) for x in range(1, l + 1)]
    return b''.join(T[:-1]) + T[-1][:r]
Test canonicalization, literals on left
dataset/ETHPy150Open cloudera/hue/desktop/core/ext-py/Django-1.6.10/django/utils/crypto.py/pbkdf2--crossover with--dataset/ETHPy150Open armon/pypred/tests/unit/test_compare.py/TestCompare.test_canonical_non_literal