int BN_mod_exp_mont(BIGNUM *rr, const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *p,
                    const BIGNUM *m, BN_CTX *ctx, BN_MONT_CTX *in_mont)
{
    int i, j, bits, ret = 0, wstart, wend, window, wvalue;
    int start = 1;
    BIGNUM *d, *r;
    const BIGNUM *aa;
    BIGNUM *val[TABLE_SIZE];
    BN_MONT_CTX *mont = NULL;
    if (BN_get_flags(p, BN_FLG_CONSTTIME) != 0) {
        return BN_mod_exp_mont_consttime(rr, a, p, m, ctx, in_mont);
    }
    bn_check_top(a);
    bn_check_top(p);
    bn_check_top(m);
    if (!BN_is_odd(m)) {
        BNerr(BN_F_BN_MOD_EXP_MONT, BN_R_CALLED_WITH_EVEN_MODULUS);
        return (0);
    }
    bits = BN_num_bits(p);
    if (bits == 0) {
        if (BN_is_one(m)) {
            ret = 1;
            BN_zero(rr);
        } else {
            ret = BN_one(rr);
        }
        return ret;
    }
    BN_CTX_start(ctx);
    d = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    r = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    val[0] = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    if (!d || !r || !val[0])
        goto err;
    if (in_mont != NULL)
        mont = in_mont;
    else {
        if ((mont = BN_MONT_CTX_new()) == NULL)
            goto err;
        if (!BN_MONT_CTX_set(mont, m, ctx))
            goto err;
    }
    if (a->neg || BN_ucmp(a, m) >= 0) {
        if (!BN_nnmod(val[0], a, m, ctx))
            goto err;
        aa = val[0];
    } else
        aa = a;
    if (BN_is_zero(aa)) {
        BN_zero(rr);
        ret = 1;
        goto err;
    }
    if (!BN_to_montgomery(val[0], aa, mont, ctx))
        goto err;
    window = BN_window_bits_for_exponent_size(bits);
    if (window > 1) {
        if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(d, val[0], val[0], mont, ctx))
            goto err;
        j = 1 << (window - 1);
        for (i = 1; i < j; i++) {
            if (((val[i] = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL) ||
                !BN_mod_mul_montgomery(val[i], val[i - 1], d, mont, ctx))
                goto err;
        }
    }
    start = 1;
    wvalue = 0;
    wstart = bits - 1;
    wend = 0;
#if 1
    j = m->top;
    if (m->d[j - 1] & (((BN_ULONG)1) << (BN_BITS2 - 1))) {
        if (bn_wexpand(r, j) == NULL)
            goto err;
        r->d[0] = (0 - m->d[0]) & BN_MASK2;
        for (i = 1; i < j; i++)
            r->d[i] = (~m->d[i]) & BN_MASK2;
        r->top = j;
        bn_correct_top(r);
    } else
#endif
    if (!BN_to_montgomery(r, BN_value_one(), mont, ctx))
        goto err;
    for (;;) {
        if (BN_is_bit_set(p, wstart) == 0) {
            if (!start) {
                if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(r, r, r, mont, ctx))
                    goto err;
            }
            if (wstart == 0)
                break;
            wstart--;
            continue;
        }
        j = wstart;
        wvalue = 1;
        wend = 0;
        for (i = 1; i < window; i++) {
            if (wstart - i < 0)
                break;
            if (BN_is_bit_set(p, wstart - i)) {
                wvalue <<= (i - wend);
                wvalue |= 1;
                wend = i;
            }
        }
        j = wend + 1;
        if (!start)
            for (i = 0; i < j; i++) {
                if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(r, r, r, mont, ctx))
                    goto err;
            }
        if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(r, r, val[wvalue >> 1], mont, ctx))
            goto err;
        wstart -= wend + 1;
        wvalue = 0;
        start = 0;
        if (wstart < 0)
            break;
    }
#if defined(SPARC_T4_MONT)
    if (OPENSSL_sparcv9cap_P[0] & (SPARCV9_VIS3 | SPARCV9_PREFER_FPU)) {
        j = mont->N.top;
        val[0]->d[0] = 1;
        for (i = 1; i < j; i++)
            val[0]->d[i] = 0;
        val[0]->top = j;
        if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(rr, r, val[0], mont, ctx))
            goto err;
    } else
#endif
    if (!BN_from_montgomery(rr, r, mont, ctx))
        goto err;
    ret = 1;
 err:
    if (in_mont == NULL)
        BN_MONT_CTX_free(mont);
    BN_CTX_end(ctx);
    bn_check_top(rr);
    return (ret);
}
['static int test_expmodzero()\n{\n    BIGNUM *zero = BN_new();\n    BIGNUM *a = BN_new();\n    BIGNUM *r = BN_new();\n    int st = 0;\n    if (zero == NULL || a == NULL || r == NULL || !BN_rand(a, 1024, 0, 0))\n        goto err;\n    BN_zero(zero);\n    if (!BN_mod_exp(r, a, zero, BN_value_one(), NULL)\n            || !BN_is_zero(r)\n            || !BN_mod_exp_mont(r, a, zero, BN_value_one(), NULL, NULL)\n            || !BN_is_zero(r)\n            || !BN_mod_exp_mont_consttime(r, a, zero, BN_value_one(), NULL, NULL)\n            || !BN_is_zero(r)\n            || !BN_mod_exp_mont_word(r, 42, zero, BN_value_one(), NULL, NULL)\n            || !BN_is_zero(r))\n        goto err;\n    st = 1;\nerr:\n    BN_free(zero);\n    BN_free(a);\n    BN_free(r);\n    return st;\n}', 'const BIGNUM *BN_value_one(void)\n{\n    static const BN_ULONG data_one = 1L;\n    static const BIGNUM const_one =\n        { (BN_ULONG *)&data_one, 1, 1, 0, BN_FLG_STATIC_DATA };\n    return (&const_one);\n}', 'int BN_mod_exp(BIGNUM *r, const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *p, const BIGNUM *m,\n               BN_CTX *ctx)\n{\n    int ret;\n    bn_check_top(a);\n    bn_check_top(p);\n    bn_check_top(m);\n#define MONT_MUL_MOD\n#define MONT_EXP_WORD\n#define RECP_MUL_MOD\n#ifdef MONT_MUL_MOD\n    if (BN_is_odd(m)) {\n# ifdef MONT_EXP_WORD\n        if (a->top == 1 && !a->neg\n            && (BN_get_flags(p, BN_FLG_CONSTTIME) == 0)) {\n            BN_ULONG A = a->d[0];\n            ret = BN_mod_exp_mont_word(r, A, p, m, ctx, NULL);\n        } else\n# endif\n            ret = BN_mod_exp_mont(r, a, p, m, ctx, NULL);\n    } else\n#endif\n#ifdef RECP_MUL_MOD\n    {\n        ret = BN_mod_exp_recp(r, a, p, m, ctx);\n    }\n#else\n    {\n        ret = BN_mod_exp_simple(r, a, p, m, ctx);\n    }\n#endif\n    bn_check_top(r);\n    return (ret);\n}', 'int BN_is_odd(const BIGNUM *a)\n{\n    return (a->top > 0) && (a->d[0] & 1);\n}', 'int BN_mod_exp_mont(BIGNUM *rr, const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *p,\n                    const BIGNUM *m, BN_CTX *ctx, BN_MONT_CTX *in_mont)\n{\n    int i, j, bits, ret = 0, wstart, wend, window, wvalue;\n    int start = 1;\n    BIGNUM *d, *r;\n    const BIGNUM *aa;\n    BIGNUM *val[TABLE_SIZE];\n    BN_MONT_CTX *mont = NULL;\n    if (BN_get_flags(p, BN_FLG_CONSTTIME) != 0) {\n        return BN_mod_exp_mont_consttime(rr, a, p, m, ctx, in_mont);\n    }\n    bn_check_top(a);\n    bn_check_top(p);\n    bn_check_top(m);\n    if (!BN_is_odd(m)) {\n        BNerr(BN_F_BN_MOD_EXP_MONT, BN_R_CALLED_WITH_EVEN_MODULUS);\n        return (0);\n    }\n    bits = BN_num_bits(p);\n    if (bits == 0) {\n        if (BN_is_one(m)) {\n            ret = 1;\n            BN_zero(rr);\n        } else {\n            ret = BN_one(rr);\n        }\n        return ret;\n    }\n    BN_CTX_start(ctx);\n    d = BN_CTX_get(ctx);\n    r = BN_CTX_get(ctx);\n    val[0] = BN_CTX_get(ctx);\n    if (!d || !r || !val[0])\n        goto err;\n    if (in_mont != NULL)\n        mont = in_mont;\n    else {\n        if ((mont = BN_MONT_CTX_new()) == NULL)\n            goto err;\n        if (!BN_MONT_CTX_set(mont, m, ctx))\n            goto err;\n    }\n    if (a->neg || BN_ucmp(a, m) >= 0) {\n        if (!BN_nnmod(val[0], a, m, ctx))\n            goto err;\n        aa = val[0];\n    } else\n        aa = a;\n    if (BN_is_zero(aa)) {\n        BN_zero(rr);\n        ret = 1;\n        goto err;\n    }\n    if (!BN_to_montgomery(val[0], aa, mont, ctx))\n        goto err;\n    window = BN_window_bits_for_exponent_size(bits);\n    if (window > 1) {\n        if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(d, val[0], val[0], mont, ctx))\n            goto err;\n        j = 1 << (window - 1);\n        for (i = 1; i < j; i++) {\n            if (((val[i] = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL) ||\n                !BN_mod_mul_montgomery(val[i], val[i - 1], d, mont, ctx))\n                goto err;\n        }\n    }\n    start = 1;\n    wvalue = 0;\n    wstart = bits - 1;\n    wend = 0;\n#if 1\n    j = m->top;\n    if (m->d[j - 1] & (((BN_ULONG)1) << (BN_BITS2 - 1))) {\n        if (bn_wexpand(r, j) == NULL)\n            goto err;\n        r->d[0] = (0 - m->d[0]) & BN_MASK2;\n        for (i = 1; i < j; i++)\n            r->d[i] = (~m->d[i]) & BN_MASK2;\n        r->top = j;\n        bn_correct_top(r);\n    } else\n#endif\n    if (!BN_to_montgomery(r, BN_value_one(), mont, ctx))\n        goto err;\n    for (;;) {\n        if (BN_is_bit_set(p, wstart) == 0) {\n            if (!start) {\n                if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(r, r, r, mont, ctx))\n                    goto err;\n            }\n            if (wstart == 0)\n                break;\n            wstart--;\n            continue;\n        }\n        j = wstart;\n        wvalue = 1;\n        wend = 0;\n        for (i = 1; i < window; i++) {\n            if (wstart - i < 0)\n                break;\n            if (BN_is_bit_set(p, wstart - i)) {\n                wvalue <<= (i - wend);\n                wvalue |= 1;\n                wend = i;\n            }\n        }\n        j = wend + 1;\n        if (!start)\n            for (i = 0; i < j; i++) {\n                if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(r, r, r, mont, ctx))\n                    goto err;\n            }\n        if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(r, r, val[wvalue >> 1], mont, ctx))\n            goto err;\n        wstart -= wend + 1;\n        wvalue = 0;\n        start = 0;\n        if (wstart < 0)\n            break;\n    }\n#if defined(SPARC_T4_MONT)\n    if (OPENSSL_sparcv9cap_P[0] & (SPARCV9_VIS3 | SPARCV9_PREFER_FPU)) {\n        j = mont->N.top;\n        val[0]->d[0] = 1;\n        for (i = 1; i < j; i++)\n            val[0]->d[i] = 0;\n        val[0]->top = j;\n        if (!BN_mod_mul_montgomery(rr, r, val[0], mont, ctx))\n            goto err;\n    } else\n#endif\n    if (!BN_from_montgomery(rr, r, mont, ctx))\n        goto err;\n    ret = 1;\n err:\n    if (in_mont == NULL)\n        BN_MONT_CTX_free(mont);\n    BN_CTX_end(ctx);\n    bn_check_top(rr);\n    return (ret);\n}', 'int BN_ucmp(const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *b)\n{\n    int i;\n    BN_ULONG t1, t2, *ap, *bp;\n    bn_check_top(a);\n    bn_check_top(b);\n    i = a->top - b->top;\n    if (i != 0)\n        return (i);\n    ap = a->d;\n    bp = b->d;\n    for (i = a->top - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        t1 = ap[i];\n        t2 = bp[i];\n        if (t1 != t2)\n            return ((t1 > t2) ? 1 : -1);\n    }\n    return (0);\n}']